Composite coating for de-icing using electric-photothermal conversion and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

We provide a composite de-icing coating that uses electric-to-photonic heat conversion to provide ice prevention in all weather conditions. [Solution] The composite coating for de-icing by electric-photothermal conversion comprises 3.5 to 6 parts by weight of epoxy resin, 3.5 to 6 parts by weight of curing agent, 1 to 2 parts by weight of titanium carbide, and 18 to 20 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol. The method includes the steps of: adding the epoxy resin and curing agent to anhydrous ethanol as a solvent and stirring at room temperature until dissolved to obtain homogeneous solution A; blade coating the homogeneous solution A onto the surface of a substrate and vacuum drying to form an insulating layer on a clean substrate; laying conductive copper foil on the insulating layer; adding titanium carbide nanoparticles to anhydrous ethanol as a solvent and stirring uniformly with magnetism, adding the epoxy resin and curing agent, magnetic stirring until dissolved, and ultrasonic dispersion to form homogeneous solution B; and spraying homogeneous solution B onto the surface of the obtained object and vacuum drying.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to coatings and methods for manufacturing the same, and more specifically to a composite coating for de-icing using electric-photonic heat conversion and a method for manufacturing the same. [Background technology]

[0002] Ice formation is widespread in nature and frequently occurs on the surfaces of critical infrastructure facilities such as aircraft, wind turbines, and high-voltage wiring, potentially causing adverse effects on various industrial processes and leading to serious safety hazards. Therefore, rapidly removing ice formation from solid surfaces is an urgent scientific and technological challenge that needs to be addressed. Conventional mechanical and chemical de-icing methods are inefficient, suffer from environmental pollution and equipment losses, and limit their effectiveness in practical applications.

[0003] In recent years, solar energy has attracted attention as a clean energy source for its application in anti-icing technology. Photothermal surfaces absorb sunlight and convert it into thermal energy, thereby increasing the temperature of the solid surface and achieving anti-icing and de-icing effects. While conventional photothermal de-icing coatings have made some progress, their performance is highly dependent on the micro- and nano-structure design of the surface, and they face many problems and challenges.

[0004] First, the fabrication of micro-nanostructures typically requires high-precision processing methods (e.g., laser processing, electron beam etching), which are not only costly and time-consuming but also difficult to meet large-scale production needs. Second, micro-nanostructures are susceptible to mechanical damage (e.g., wear, scratching) in practical applications, leading to a significant decrease in photothermal efficiency. Furthermore, many conventional surface modification techniques rely on environmentally unfriendly materials such as organic solvents and fluorinated chemicals, further limiting their broad application.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new anti-icing and de-icing coatings that do not rely on micro-nano structures, possess all-weather adaptability and high efficiency, and are in critical demand in actual applications. The design of such coatings must not only overcome the limitations of conventional technology but also achieve low cost, sustainability, and environmental friendliness in order to better meet the needs of industrial and social development. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] Objective of the Invention: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the objective of the present invention is to provide a composite de-icing coating that can prevent ice in all weather conditions by using electric-to-photonic heat conversion. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a convenient and practical method for manufacturing a composite de-icing coating that uses electric-to-photonic heat conversion. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] Technical proposal: The composite coating for de-icing by electric-photothermal conversion described in the present invention comprises 3.5 to 6 parts by weight of epoxy resin, 3.5 to 6 parts by weight of curing agent, 1 to 2 parts by weight of titanium carbide, and 18 to 20 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol.

[0008] Furthermore, the hardener is an E51 hardener with a viscosity of 2000-3000 mPa·S, and the epoxy resin is an E51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin with a viscosity of 11000-14000 mPa·S.

[0009] Furthermore, the average particle size of titanium carbide is 50 nm.

[0010] The method for manufacturing a composite coating for de-icing by electric-photothermal conversion described in the present invention is: Step 1 involves adding epoxy resin and curing agent to anhydrous ethanol as a solvent and stirring at room temperature until dissolved to obtain homogeneous solution A. Step 2 involves blade coating the homogeneous solution A obtained in Step 1 onto a clean substrate surface, vacuum drying it, and forming an insulating layer on the clean substrate. Step 3 of laying a conductive copper foil on the insulating layer obtained in Step 2; Step 4 of adding titanium carbide nanoparticles with absolute ethanol as a solvent, magnetically stirring uniformly, then adding an epoxy resin and a curing agent, magnetically stirring until dissolved, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to form a homogeneous solution B; It includes Step 5 of spraying the homogeneous solution B obtained in Step 4 onto the surface of the product obtained in Step 3 and drying it under vacuum to obtain a composite coating.

[0011] Furthermore, in Step 1, the mass ratio of absolute ethanol, epoxy resin, and curing agent is 2 - 3:0.5 - 2:0.5 - 2.

[0012] Furthermore, in Step 2, the vacuum drying is at a temperature of 60 - 80°C and a time of 2 - 4 hours. The base material is an iron plate, the surface of the iron plate is treated with 800 - 2000 - mesh sandpaper to remove surface impurities, and then ultrasonically cleaned for 10 - 20 minutes to form a clean surface.

[0013] Furthermore, in Step 4, the ratio of absolute ethanol, titanium carbide, epoxy resin:curing agent is 7.5 - 8.5:1 - 2:0.25 - 1:0.25 - 1. The magnetic stirring is at a rotation speed of 500 - 600 revolutions per minute and a time of 40 - 60 min.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 5, the spray is an air spray, which can usually cover a finer area than conventional brush coating or roll coating, form a uniform thin layer on the surface of complex shapes, and due to the presence of air flow, the spray atomization particles are small, the spray quality is good, and it is smooth. The air spray operation has high requirements for technical proficiency, and it is necessary to grasp appropriate spray distance, spray gun angle, hand speed, etc. If there is a slight deviation, problems such as coating unevenness, dripping, overspray, etc. may occur. The spray has a compressed air pressure of 0.4 - 0.8 MPa, the distance between the substrate and the spray gun nozzle during the spray process is 15 - 20 cm, the spray time is 30 - 60 s, the vacuum drying temperature is 60 - 80 °C, and the time is 4 - 8 hours.

[0015] Manufacturing principle: The insulating layer is manufactured by optimizing the ratio of epoxy resin and absolute ethanol. The insulating layer serves to block the base material and the electrothermal coating, prevent safety accidents due to current leakage, reduce heat dissipation, and ensure the de - icing effect of the coating. The epoxy resin coating also forms a strong adhesion with the base material, improving the stability and durability of the coating. The key of the present invention lies in the manufacture of the conductive coating. Inside the conductive coating, conductive particles should be evenly distributed to form a dense conductive network to achieve stable electrothermal conversion. Therefore, by adjusting the ratio of epoxy resin and titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles, optimal electrical conduction performance and heat conversion effect can be obtained. This coating can be applied to various solid surfaces by spray technology and can exhibit excellent electrothermal and photothermal conversion performance. Based on the excellent photothermal conversion ability and good electrical conductivity of titanium carbide nanoparticles, this coating can simultaneously achieve an efficient de - icing effect for electrothermal and photothermal.

Advantages of the Invention

[0016] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following remarkable features.

[0017] 1. By using an epoxy resin with excellent corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and insulating properties as a binder, and combining the electrothermal and photothermal effects of titanium carbide nanoparticles, a photoelectric composite coating with long-term stability is manufactured.

[0018] 2. The electrothermal / photothermal composite coating of the present invention is superior in terms of electrothermal / photothermal conversion performance, 0.4 W / cm² 2 Under this power density, the temperature can be raised to over 100°C within 90 seconds, using one sun (0.1 W / cm²). 2 Under irradiation with 0.2 W / cm², the temperature can be raised to 130°C or higher within 300 seconds. 2 The power density of one sun (0.1 W / cm²) 2 When irradiation is applied simultaneously, the thawing time of frozen droplets can be reduced to 52 seconds, which is 4.5 times shorter compared to a smooth substrate. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0019] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the composite coating manufactured according to the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a temperature rise diagram of the present invention under irradiation with one sun (1 sun, 0.1 W / cm2). [Figure 3] This is a temperature rise diagram of the present invention under a power density of 0.4 W / cm2. [Figure 4] This is a temperature rise diagram of Example 2 of the present invention under different light illumination conditions. [Figure 5] This is a temperature rise diagram of Example 2 of the present invention under different power densities. [Figure 6] This diagram shows the delayed freezing effect under different conditions for Example 2 of the present invention. [Figure 7] This diagram shows the de-icing effect of Example 2 of the present invention under different conditions. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0020] The materials, reagents, and equipment used in the following examples can be obtained through commercial channels unless otherwise specified. Experimental methods for which specific conditions are not explicitly stated in the examples generally follow standard conditions or conditions suggested by the manufacturer.

[0021] Example 1 The method for manufacturing a composite coating for de-icing using electric-photonic heat conversion included the following steps.

[0022] The surface of the iron plate was treated with S1, 800-mesh sandpaper, and then placed in an ultrasonic cleaner to clean the surface for 20 minutes, creating a clean surface.

[0023] S2, 3g E51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and 3g E51 curing agent were added to 12g anhydrous ethanol and stirred for 20 minutes to form homogeneous solution A.

[0024] In S3, homogeneous solution A was applied to a clean iron plate substrate 1 using the blade coating method. It was dried at 60°C for 2 hours to form an insulating layer 2.

[0025] S4. Two 3cm x 0.5cm conductive copper foils 3 were cut and laid on both sides of the insulating layer 2.

[0026] S5, 1 g of titanium carbide nanoparticles were added to 8 g of anhydrous ethanol and magnetically stirred at 600 rpm for 20 minutes. 0.5 g of E51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin and 0.5 g of E51 curing agent were added to the solution, and magnetic stirring was performed for 40 minutes, followed by ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes to form homogeneous solution B.

[0027] In S6, homogeneous solution B was added to the spray gun, the spray compressed air pressure was 0.4 MPa, the distance between the substrate and the spray gun nozzle was 15 cm during the spraying process, the spraying time was 30 s, and after the spraying was completed, it was dried at a temperature of 60°C for 4 hours to obtain the photoelectric heating coating 4.

[0028] Under test conditions of a temperature of 25±2℃ and a humidity of 60±5%, the electrothermal-photothermal conversion composite coating for de-icing obtained in this example was subjected to an electrothermal-photothermal heating performance test. As a result, one sun (0.1 W / cm²) 2 Under irradiation, its photothermal conversion temperature can reach over 125°C in 600 s, at 0.4 W / cm². 2 We discovered that, under this power density, the electrothermal conversion temperature can reach around 85°C in 90 seconds.

[0029] Example 2 The method for manufacturing a composite coating for de-icing using electric-photonic heat conversion included the following steps.

[0030] The surface of the iron plate was treated with S1, 800-mesh sandpaper, and then placed in an ultrasonic cleaner to clean the surface for 10 minutes, creating a clean surface.

[0031] S2, 3g E51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and 3g E51 curing agent were added to 12g anhydrous ethanol and stirred for 20 minutes to form homogeneous solution A.

[0032] In S3, homogeneous solution A was applied to a clean iron plate substrate 1 using the blade coating method. It was dried at 60°C for 2 hours to form an insulating layer 2.

[0033] S4. Two 3cm x 0.5cm conductive copper foils 3 were cut and laid on both sides of the insulating layer 2.

[0034] S5, 1.5g of titanium carbide nanoparticles were added to 7.5g of anhydrous ethanol, and the mixture was magnetically stirred at 600 revolutions per minute for 20 minutes. Then, 0.5g of E51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin and 0.5g of E51 curing agent were added to the solution, and magnetic stirring was performed for 40 minutes, followed by ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes to form homogeneous solution B.

[0035] S6. Add the homogeneous solution B to the spray gun. The spray compressed air pressure is 0.6 MPa, the distance between the substrate and the spray gun nozzle during the spraying process is 15 cm, the spraying time is 30 s. After spraying, it is dried at a temperature of 60 °C for 4 hours to obtain the photothermal-electric coating 4.

[0036] Under the test conditions of a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C and a humidity of 60 ± 5% RH, a performance test on the electrothermal-photothermal heating test was carried out on the composite coating for de-icing by electrothermal-photothermal conversion obtained in this example. As a result, under the irradiation of one sunlight (1 sun, 0.1 W / cm 2 ), its photothermal conversion temperature can reach 130 °C or more in 600 s, and under the power density of 0.4 W / cm 2 , its electrothermal conversion temperature can reach 105 °C in 90 s. Also, under the power density of 0.2 W / cm 2 and the irradiation of one sunlight (1 sun, 0.1 W / cm 2 ), it was found that the melting time of the frozen droplets was shortened to 52 s.

[0037] Example 3 The manufacturing method of the composite coating for de-icing by electrothermal-photothermal conversion includes the following steps.

[0038] S1. Treat the surface of the iron plate with 800-mesh sandpaper, put it into an ultrasonic cleaner and clean the surface for 20 minutes to form a clean surface.

[0039] S2. Add 3 g of E51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin and 3 g of E51 curing agent to 12 g of absolute ethanol and stir for 20 minutes to form the homogeneous solution A.

[0040] S3. Blade coat the homogeneous solution A onto the clean iron plate substrate 1 by the blade coating method. Dry it at 60 °C for 2 hours to form the insulating layer 2.

[0041] S4. Cut two 3 cm * 0.5 cm conductive copper foils 3 and lay them on both sides of the insulating layer 2.

[0042] S5, 2g of titanium carbide nanoparticles were added to 7g of anhydrous ethanol and magnetically stirred at 600 rpm for 20 minutes. 0.5g of E51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin and 0.5g of E51 curing agent were added to the solution, and magnetic stirring was performed for 40 minutes, followed by ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes to form homogeneous solution B.

[0043] In S6, homogeneous solution B was added to the spray gun, the spray compressed air pressure was 0.4 MPa, the distance between the substrate and the spray gun nozzle was 20 cm during the spraying process, the spraying time was 40 s, and after the spraying was completed, it was dried at a temperature of 60°C for 4 hours to obtain the photoelectric heating coating 4.

[0044] Under test conditions of a temperature of 25±2℃ and a humidity of 60±5%, the electrothermal-photothermal conversion composite coating for de-icing obtained in this example was subjected to an electrothermal-photothermal heating performance test. As a result, one sun (0.1 W / cm²) of sunlight was used. 2 Under irradiation, its photothermal conversion temperature can reach over 130°C in 600 s, and 0.4 W / cm². 2 We discovered that under this power density, the electrothermal conversion temperature can reach 105°C in 90 seconds.

[0045] Example 4 The method for manufacturing a composite coating for de-icing using electric-photonic heat conversion included the following steps.

[0046] The surface of the steel plate was treated with S1, 2000-mesh sandpaper, and then placed in an ultrasonic cleaner to clean the surface for 15 minutes, creating a clean surface.

[0047] S2, 2.5g E51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and 2.5g E51 curing agent were added to 12g anhydrous ethanol and stirred for 20 minutes to form homogeneous solution A.

[0048] In S3, homogeneous solution A was applied to a clean iron plate substrate 1 using the blade coating method. It was dried at 80°C for 4 hours to form an insulating layer 2.

[0049] S4. Two 3cm x 0.5cm conductive copper foils 3 were cut and laid on both sides of the insulating layer 2.

[0050] S5, 1 g of titanium carbide nanoparticles were added to 6 g of anhydrous ethanol and magnetically stirred at 500 rpm for 20 minutes. 1 g of E51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin and 1 g of E51 curing agent were added to the solution, and magnetic stirring was performed for 20 minutes, followed by ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes to form homogeneous solution B.

[0051] In S6, homogeneous solution B was added to the spray gun, the spray compressed air pressure was 0.8 MPa, the distance between the substrate and the spray gun nozzle was 18 cm during the spraying process, the spraying time was 60 s, and after the spraying was completed, it was dried at a temperature of 80°C for 8 hours to obtain the photoelectric heating coating 4.

[0052] Under test conditions of a temperature of 25±2℃ and a humidity of 60±5%, the electrothermal-photothermal conversion composite coating for de-icing obtained in this example was subjected to an electrothermal-photothermal heating performance test. As a result, one sun (0.1 W / cm²) of sunlight was used. 2 Under irradiation, its photothermal conversion temperature can reach 125°C in 600 s, at 0.4 W / cm². 2 We discovered that, under this power density, the electrothermal conversion temperature can reach around 60°C in 90 seconds.

[0053] Example 5 The method for manufacturing a composite coating for de-icing using electric-photonic heat conversion included the following steps.

[0054] The surface of the iron plate was treated with S1, 1200-mesh sandpaper, and then placed in an ultrasonic cleaner to clean the surface for 15 minutes, creating a clean surface.

[0055] S2, 4.5g E51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and 4.5g E51 curing agent were added to 12g of anhydrous ethanol and stirred for 20 minutes to form homogeneous solution A.

[0056] In S3, homogeneous solution A was applied to a clean iron plate substrate 1 using the blade coating method. It was dried at 70°C for 3 hours to form an insulating layer 2.

[0057] S4. Two 3cm x 0.5cm conductive copper foils 3 were cut and laid on both sides of the insulating layer 2.

[0058] S5, 1 g titanium carbide nanoparticles were added to 6 g anhydrous ethanol and magnetically stirred at 550 rpm for 20 minutes. 1.5 g E51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin and 1.5 g E51 curing agent were added to the solution and magnetically stirred for 30 minutes, followed by ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes to form homogeneous solution B.

[0059] In S6, homogeneous solution B was added to the spray gun, the spray compressed air pressure was 0.7 MPa, the distance between the substrate and the spray gun nozzle was 17 cm during the spraying process, the spraying time was 50 s, and after the spraying was completed, it was dried at a temperature of 70°C for 6 hours to obtain the photoelectric heating coating 4.

[0060] Under test conditions of a temperature of 25±2℃ and a humidity of 60±5%, the electrothermal-photothermal conversion composite coating for de-icing obtained in this example was subjected to an electrothermal-photothermal heating performance test. As a result, one sun (0.1 W / cm²) of sunlight was used. 2 Under irradiation, its photothermal conversion temperature can reach 123°C in 600 s, at 0.4 W / cm². 2 We discovered that under this power density, the electrothermal conversion temperature can reach 43°C in 90 seconds.

[0061] As shown in Figure 2, Examples 1-5 show coatings with different TiC content under one sun (1 sun, 0.1 W / cm²). 2 The temperature change curve under irradiation is shown, and the results indicate that the photothermal conversion performance of the composite coating gradually improves with increasing TiC content. Examples 4 and 5 mainly increased the content of epoxy resin and curing agent based on Example 1, resulting in a slight decrease in the photothermal temperature rise of the coating.

[0062] As shown in Figure 3, Examples 1-5 show coatings with different TiC content at 0.4 W / cm². 2 The temperature change curve under the power density is shown, and the results indicate that as the TiC content increases, the electrothermal conversion performance of the composite coating gradually improves and the temperature rises. Examples 4 and 5 mainly involved changing the content of epoxy resin and curing agent based on Example 1, and the electrothermal temperature rise of the coating decreased rapidly, so it could be concluded that the increase in epoxy resin affects the electrical conductivity of the coating, and further affects the electrothermal temperature rise of the coating.

[0063] In the above examples, the heating results for Example 2 and Example 3 were similar, but Example 2 was preferred because it saved costs by using fewer TiC nanoparticles.

[0064] As shown in Figure 4, this is a diagram illustrating the photothermal heating effect of Example 2, under the influence of one sun (0.1 W / cm²). 2 Under irradiation, the coating was heated to 132°C within 600 seconds and maintained stably at 132°C. (0.7 sunlight (0.7 sun, 0.07 W / cm²)) 2 Under irradiation, the coating was heated to 115°C within 600 seconds and maintained stably at 115°C. (0.5 sun, 0.05 W / cm²) 2 Under irradiation, the coating heated up to 91°C within 600 seconds and was maintained stably at 91°C. (0.3 sunlight (0.3 sun, 0.03 W / cm²)) 2 Under irradiation, the coating was heated to 65°C within 600 seconds and maintained stably at 65°C.

[0065] As shown in Figure 5, this is a diagram illustrating the electric heating effect of Example 2, which is 0.4 W / cm². 2 Under this power density, the coating was heated to 105°C within 90 seconds and maintained stably at 105°C. 0.2 W / cm² 2 Under this power density, the coating was heated to 82°C within 600 s and maintained stably at 82°C. 0.1 W / cm² 2Under this power density, the coating was heated to 58°C within 600 s and maintained stably at 58°C. 0.05 W / cm² 2 Under this power density, the coating was heated to 45°C within 600 seconds and maintained stably at 45°C.

[0066] As shown in Figure 6, a delayed freezing test was performed on Example 2. In the absence of sunlight and power, the time required for the water droplets to completely freeze was 214 seconds. (0.05 W / cm²) 2 Under this power density, the delayed freezing time increased to 730 seconds. (0.5 sun, 0.05 W / cm²) 2 Under the irradiation of 0.5 sunlight (0.5 sun, 0.05 W / cm²), the freezing time was further extended to 2165 seconds, 9.1 times longer than under no-light conditions. 2 ) under irradiation of 0.05 W / cm² 2 Under conditions combining photothermal and electrothermal energy with power density, a delayed freezing test was conducted on Example 2, showing that the droplets completely evaporated within 170 minutes.

[0067] As shown in Figure 7, a de-icing test was performed on Example 2. First, a thawing test of frozen droplets was conducted without an external heat source, and the results showed that the droplets completely thawed in 233 seconds. Subsequently, one sun (0.1 W / cm²) of sunlight was applied. 2 Under irradiation with 0.1 W / cm², the melting time of the droplets was significantly reduced to 134 seconds, demonstrating the excellent effect of photothermal conversion in accelerating ice melting. 2 When tested under the specified power density conditions, the droplet melting time was 184 seconds, which was 1.3 times shorter than under conditions without a heat source, further verifying the effectiveness of electrothermal conversion in the de-icing process. Finally, the de-icing effect of Example 2 was tested by combining photothermal and electrothermal energy, using one sun (0.1 W / cm²). 2 ) irradiation and 0.05 W / cm² 2 Under conditions combining optical and electric heating with power density, the melting time of frozen droplets on the coating was reduced to 69 seconds, and the effect was several times better than with a single heat source. This validated the necessity of de-icing using a combination of optical and electric heating, and confirmed the synergistic effect of the two.

[0068] [Table 1]

[0069] Example 6 This example aims to investigate the effect of the ratio of epoxy resin and anhydrous ethanol used in the manufacture of insulating layer 2 on the performance of insulating layer 2.

[0070] The other steps in this embodiment were the same as in Example 2, the only difference being that the raw materials for S2 were replaced with (1) 1g epoxy resin, 1g curing agent, 12g anhydrous ethanol, (2) 2g epoxy resin, 2g curing agent, 12g anhydrous ethanol, and (3) 4g epoxy resin, 4g curing agent, 12g anhydrous ethanol. Electric heating tests were conducted and found that when the epoxy resin content was reduced to 1g and 2g in the (1) and (2) methods, the manufactured insulating layer 2 could not achieve insulating effect, and when a DC power supply was connected, current was transmitted onto the iron plate substrate 1, causing a short circuit, and the coating did not perform electric heating. It was found that when the epoxy resin content was increased to 2.5g, the coating regained its electrical conductivity. When the (3) method was adopted, it was found that increasing the epoxy resin content in the insulating layer 2 clearly increased the thickness of the insulating layer 2, but did not affect the photothermal and electric heating performance of the coating.

[0071] Comparative Example 1 The other steps in this comparative example were the same as in Example 2, the only difference being that the titanium carbide nanoscale material was replaced with titanium carbide micron-grade material. A photoelectric heating test was performed, and the micron-grade material reacted to one sun (0.1 W / cm²). 2 We discovered that the maximum temperature rise under irradiation was 109°C, which is 21°C lower than that of nanomaterials.

[0072] Comparative Example 2 The other steps in this comparative example were the same as in Example 2, the only difference being that the titanium carbide in S5 was sequentially replaced with 0.5 g. An electric and optical heating performance test was conducted under test conditions of a temperature of 25 ± 2°C and a humidity of 60 ± 5%. As a result, it was found that the optical heating of the coating reached a maximum of 85°C, and the heating of the coating showed a positive correlation with the titanium carbide content, with higher content resulting in a higher maximum heating rate and a faster heating rate.

[0073] Comparative Example 3 The other steps in this comparative example were the same as in Example 2, the only difference being that the titanium carbide in S5 was sequentially replaced with 3g. An electric and optical heating performance test was performed under test conditions of a temperature of 25±2℃ and a humidity of 60±5%RH. As a result, it was found that the maximum heating was almost the same as in Example 2, and that the loading capacity of the current epoxy resin content had reached its limit, making it impossible to load more titanium carbide nanoparticles.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a composite coating for de-icing by electric heat-photothermal conversion, Step 1 involves adding epoxy resin and curing agent to anhydrous ethanol as a solvent and stirring at room temperature until dissolved to obtain homogeneous solution A. Step 2 involves blade coating the homogeneous solution A obtained in Step 1 onto the surface of a clean substrate (1), vacuum drying it, and forming an insulating layer (2) on the clean substrate (1). Step 3 involves laying a conductive copper foil (3) on the insulating layer (2) obtained in step 2, Step 4 involves using anhydrous ethanol as a solvent, adding titanium carbide nanoparticles and stirring uniformly with a magnet, then adding epoxy resin and curing agent, stirring magnetically until dissolved, and then ultrasonic dispersion to form homogeneous solution B. Step 5 involves spraying the homogeneous solution B obtained in Step 4 onto the surface of the object obtained in Step 3, vacuum drying it, and obtaining a composite coating. In step 1, the mass ratio of anhydrous ethanol, epoxy resin, and curing agent is 2-3:0.5-2:0.5-2. A method for manufacturing a composite coating for de-icing by electrothermal-photothermal conversion, characterized in that, in step 4, the ratio of anhydrous ethanol, titanium carbide, epoxy resin, and curing agent is 7.5 to 8.5:1 to 2:0.25 to 1:0.25 to 1.

2. The method for producing a composite coating for de-icing by electrothermal-photothermal conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the curing agent is an E51 curing agent and the epoxy resin is an E51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin.

3. The method for manufacturing a composite coating for de-icing by electrothermal-photothermal conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the average particle size of the titanium carbide is 40 to 80 nm.

4. The method for manufacturing a composite coating for de-icing by electrothermal-photothermal conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 2, the vacuum drying is performed at a temperature of 60 to 80°C for a duration of 2 to 4 hours.

5. The method for manufacturing a composite coating for de-icing by electrothermal-photothermal conversion, as described in step 2, wherein the base material (1) is an iron plate, the surface of the iron plate is treated with 800 to 2000 mesh sandpaper to remove surface impurities, and then ultrasonically cleaned for 10 to 20 minutes to form a clean surface.

6. The method for manufacturing a composite coating for de-icing by electrothermal-photothermal conversion, characterized in that, in step 4, the magnetic stirring is performed at a rotation speed of 500 to 600 revolutions per minute and for a duration of 40 to 60 minutes, as described in claim 1.

7. In step 5, the spray is an air spray, the compressed air pressure is 0.4 to 0.8 MPa, the distance between the substrate and the spray gun nozzle during the spraying process is 15 to 20 cm, and the spraying time is 30 to 60 s. The method for manufacturing a composite coating for de-icing by electrothermal-photothermal conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum drying is performed at a temperature of 60 to 80°C for a duration of 4 to 8 hours.

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