System and method for thermally decomposing pyrolytic materials

Abstract

This invention relates to a system for generating pyrolysis vapor (PV) by thermally decomposing a pyrolysis material (PM). [Solution] This system comprises a pyrolysis reactor (100) for pyrolysis of pyrolysis material (PM), a first particle separator (200) for separating pyrolysis vapor (PV) and a first solid material fraction (SF1) from the pyrolysis product feed, and a particulate material heater (300) for heating the first solid material fraction. The particulate material heater (300) comprises a second distributor (320) for supplying a second fluidizing gas (Gas2) to the particulate material heater (300) to fluidize the particulate material inside the particulate material heater (300), and an electric heater (310) configured to electrically heat the particulate material placed inside the particulate material heater (300).

Claims

[Claim 1] A system that generates pyrolysis vapor by thermally decomposing a pyrolytic material, A pyrolysis reactor comprising a first distributor that supplies a first fluidizing gas to the pyrolysis reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reactor is used to pyrolyze a pyrolysis material and form a pyrolysis product feed, The system includes a first inlet for supplying a pyrolytic material, A first particle separator separates the pyrolysis vapor and a first solid material fraction from the pyrolysis product feed, A first channel for guiding the pyrolysis product feed from the pyrolysis reactor to the first particle separator, A second channel for guiding the first solid material fraction from the first particle separator to the particulate material heater, A third channel guides at least a portion of the heated first solid material fraction from the particulate material heater to the pyrolysis reactor, It has, The aforementioned particulate material heater is A second distributor supplies a second fluidizing gas to the particulate material heater to fluidize the particulate material in the particulate material heater, An electric heater configured to electrically heat the particulate material placed in the particulate material heater, A system that has [Claim 2] The aforementioned electric heater is The first electrical lead and, The second electrical lead, A conductor connected to the first and second electrical leads, configured to convert the current flowing between the first and second electrical leads into heat through the Joule effect, It has, The system according to claim 1, wherein the conductor is an integrated piece of conductive material. [Claim 3] The system according to claim 1, wherein the particulate material heater has a gas heater, the gas heater is configured to receive an unheated gas, heat the unheated gas to form a heated gas, and supply the heated gas to the second distributor. [Claim 4] The system according to claim 1, wherein the particulate material heater has a second inlet for supplying auxiliary fuel to the particulate material heater. [Claim 5] A second particle separator, and Fourth channel It has, The system according to claim 1, wherein the fourth channel is configured to guide a mixture of the second fluidizing gas and a portion of the particulate material disposed in the particulate material heater from the top of the particulate material heater to the second particle separator. [Claim 6] A third particle separator configured to separate a third solid material fraction and purified pyrolysis vapor from the pyrolysis vapor, and The fifth channel, It has, The system according to claim 1, wherein the fifth channel is configured to guide the pyrolysis vapor from the first particle separator to the third particle separator. [Claim 7] It has a controller, The controller is, During the first period, an electric current is driven to the electric heater, and the particulate material placed in the particulate material heater is electrically heated with the first power. Information is received that represents environmental parameters affecting the operability and / or operating cost of the particulate material heater. The system is configured to use the received information to determine whether it is possible to heat the particulate material using electricity during a second or third period, or whether it is more economical than during the first period. During the second or third period, No current is supplied to the electric heater, or The electric heater is driven to electrically heat the particulate material placed in the particulate material heater with a second power that is smaller than the first power. The system of claim 1, wherein one of the following is performed. [Claim 8] A method for generating thermal decomposition vapor by thermally decomposing a thermally decomposable material, The steps include supplying a pyrolytic material to a pyrolysis reactor, The steps include supplying a first fluidizing gas to the pyrolysis reactor to fluidize the particulate material placed in the pyrolysis reactor, The process involves bringing the pyrolytic material into contact with the particulate material, thereby pyrolytically decomposing the pyrolytic material in the pyrolysis reactor, and thereby forming a pyrolysis product feed. The steps include separating the pyrolysis vapor and the first solid material fraction from the pyrolysis product feed, The steps include: guiding the first solid material fraction to a particulate material heater, The steps include supplying a second fluidizing gas to the particulate material heater via a second distributor to fluidize the material placed in the particulate material heater, In the first period, the step of heating the particulate material placed in the particulate material heater using an electric heater, The steps include: guiding the heated particulate material from the particulate material heater to the pyrolysis reactor; A method having. [Claim 9] The method according to claim 8, further comprising the step of heating the second fluidizing gas upstream of the second distributor during the first or second period. [Claim 10] The process includes the step of supplying auxiliary fuel to the particulate material heater during the first or third period, The method according to claim 8, wherein the oxygen content of the second fluidizing gas is at least 15% by volume, and the auxiliary fuel can be burned in the particulate material heater. [Claim 11] The aforementioned auxiliary fuel is Gaseous fuels that can be received from a container, such as natural gas. Liquid fuels that can be received from a container, such as fuel oil. Gaseous fuel that can be received from the facility having the pyrolysis reactor, Liquid fuel that can be received from the facility having the pyrolysis reactor, and Solid fuels containing or not containing the aforementioned pyrolytic material The method according to claim 10, comprising at least one of the following. [Claim 12] The oxygen content of the second fluidizing gas is 5% by volume or less, at least during the first period. This method is A step of supplying the second fluidizing gas to the particulate material heater, wherein the second fluidizing gas separates at least a portion of the pyrolysis residue from the particulate material placed in the particulate material heater. A step of separating a second solid material fraction and a gaseous fraction from a mixture of the second fluidizing gas and at least a portion of the pyrolysis residue, The method according to claim 8, having the following characteristics. [Claim 13] A step of separating a third solid material fraction (SF3) and purified pyrolysis vapor from the pyrolysis vapor. The method according to claim 8, having the following characteristics. [Claim 14] The method according to claim 8, wherein the pyrolytic material comprises at least 50% by mass of plastic. [Claim 15] The temperature of the heated particulate material, which is guided from the particulate material heater to the pyrolysis reactor, is between 300°C and 750°C, and / or The method according to claim 8, wherein the oxygen content of the second fluidizing gas during the first period is 5% by volume or less. [Claim 16] The aforementioned electric heater is The first electrical lead and, The second electrical lead, A conductor connected to the first and second electrical leads, which converts the current flowing between the first and second electrical leads into heat through the Joule effect, It has, The method according to claim 8, wherein the conductor is an integrated piece of conductive material.

Images