Concrete lining placement height detection system

Abstract

To provide a concrete lining height detection system that is less susceptible to external environmental influences and can detect concrete placement height with high reliability. [Solution] The lining concrete pouring height detection system 1 of the present invention comprises a plurality of transmitting devices 10 installed on the outer surface of the formwork body A1 along the circumferential direction of the formwork body A1, each transmitting a unique identification signal S; a receiving device 20 that is movable in the height direction within the formwork space B and capable of receiving the identification signal S transmitted by the transmitting devices 10; and a determination means 30 that is communicably connected to the receiving device 20. The determination means 30 generates pouring height information H relating to the pouring height of concrete within the formwork space B based on the installation positions of the transmitting devices 10 where the identification signal S is shielded by the concrete C poured within the formwork space B, and the installation positions of the transmitting devices 10 where the identification signal S is not shielded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a formwork concrete placement height detection system, and particularly to a formwork concrete placement height detection system that is less affected by the external environment and can detect the placement height of concrete with high reliability.

Background Art

[0002] In mountain tunnel construction, a mobile tunnel formwork is placed inside the tunnel, and concrete is placed in the formwork space formed between the sprayed concrete surface or the waterproof sheet surface and the semi-cylindrical formwork body to form formwork concrete. Specifically, concrete is placed into the formwork space from a plurality of placement ports provided in the formwork body, and the placed concrete is compacted with a vibrator to fill the formwork space with concrete. When placing concrete, if there is a height difference in the height of the concrete in the formwork space, there is a risk of material separation due to the lateral movement of the concrete. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the placement amount of concrete through adjacent placement ports in the horizontal direction while placing the concrete. In addition, placing concrete from a high place also causes material separation, so it is necessary to switch the placement port in the height direction according to the height of the concrete so that it falls within an appropriate drop height. For this reason, in recent years, technologies have been developed to "visualize" the placement amount of concrete in the formwork space using concrete sensors. Patent Document 1 discloses a system in which a capacitance-type level sensor is provided along the longitudinal and circumferential directions of the tunnel on the outer peripheral surface of a tunnel formwork, and when it is determined that the deviation in the height of the concrete along the length direction of the tunnel exceeds the allowable range based on the position information from the level sensor, the placement pipe to which the concrete should be placed next is switched based on the position information.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

[0004] Conventional technology has the following problems: <1> Because numerous electrical wires are routed inside the formwork used for tunnel lining, capacitive sensors are prone to malfunction due to electromagnetic interference. <2> There is a risk that the system may falsely detect that concrete has been poured if a worker touches the sensor during concrete placement or if scattered concrete slurry adheres to the sensor. <3> Once the sensor comes into contact with the concrete, it cannot detect if the concrete surface has lowered due to compaction.

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a concrete lining placement height detection system that solves the problems of the conventional technology described above. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The present invention provides a concrete lining height detection system comprising: a plurality of transmitters installed on the outer surface of a formwork body along the circumferential direction of the formwork body, each transmitter capable of transmitting a unique identification signal; a receiver that is movable in the height direction within the formwork space and capable of receiving the identification signals transmitted by the transmitters; and a determination means connected to the receiver in a communicative manner, wherein the determination means generates concrete placement height information relating to the concrete placement height within the formwork space based on the installation positions of the transmitters where the identification signals are shielded by the concrete placed within the formwork space and the installation positions of the transmitters where the identification signals are not shielded.

[0007] The concrete lining height detection system of the present invention comprises a display means that is communicatively connected to a determination means, and the display means may display concrete lining height information.

[0008] The concrete lining height detection system of the present invention comprises a control means communicatively connected to a determination means, and a traction means communicatively connected to the control means, wherein the receiving device is equipped with a connecting cable, the traction means has a winch capable of winding up the connecting cable, and the control means controls the rotation of the winch based on the concrete lining height information.

[0009] The concrete lining height detection system of the present invention comprises a control means communicatively connected to a determination means, and a concrete pouring means communicatively connected to the control means, wherein the concrete pouring means includes a plurality of pouring ports that communicate with the formwork body, a plurality of pouring ports installed along the circumferential direction of the formwork body, a pumping device capable of pumping concrete to the pouring ports, and a switching device capable of switching the connection between the plurality of pouring ports and the pumping device's piping, and the control means may control the switching device based on concrete pouring height information.

[0010] The concrete lining height detection system of the present invention may include a receiving unit capable of receiving an identification signal, an excitation unit capable of compacting the concrete in the formwork space, and a wheel unit that can rotate in contact with the outer surface of the formwork body. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] The concrete lining placement height detection system of the present invention has at least one of the following effects based on the above configuration. <1> Because this system identifies concrete based solely on the reception / non-reception of an identification signal transmitted from a transmitter, rather than changes in capacitance values, it is unaffected by electromagnetic interference. Therefore, it is less prone to malfunctions and offers high sensing reliability. <2> Because the receiving device moves within the formwork space while detecting, false detections due to concrete adhesion are less likely to occur. <3> When the concrete surface lowers due to compaction, the identification signal from the transmitter, which was previously blocked by the concrete, becomes receivable, allowing for accurate detection of the concrete surface's lowering. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] [Figure 1] Explanatory drawing of the system for detecting the placement height of the concrete for the lining [Figure 2] Configuration diagram of the system for detecting the placement height of the concrete for the lining [Figure 3] Explanatory drawing of the receiving device [Figure 4A] Explanatory drawing of the method for generating the placement height information (1) [Figure 4B] Explanatory drawing of the method for generating the placement height information (2) [Figure 5] Explanatory drawing of Example 2 [Figure 6] Explanatory drawing of Example 3

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0013] Hereinafter, the system for detecting the placement height of the concrete for the lining of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the present invention, "connected so as to be communicable" means that each component is connected so as to be able to transmit an electrical signal in one direction or both directions, regardless of whether it is a wired connection or a wireless connection.

Examples

[0014] <1> System for detecting the placement height of the concrete for the lining (Figs. 1, 2) The system 1 for detecting the placement height of the concrete for the lining (hereinafter simply referred to as "the placement height detection system 1") is a system for detecting the placement height of the concrete C in the formwork space B in tunnel construction using the tunnel lining form A. Here, the "placement height" of the concrete C means the height of the concrete surface in the formwork space B, and the "detection of the placement height" means generating the placement height information H regarding the placement height of the concrete C. The placement height detection system 1 includes at least a plurality of transmitting devices 10 installed along the circumferential direction of the formwork body A1, a receiving device 20 movable in the height direction within the formwork space B, and a determination means 30 connected to the receiving device 20 so as to be communicable. In this example, it further includes a display means 40 connected to the determination means 30 so as to be communicable. In this example, a total of two receiving devices 20 are arranged, one on each side of the formwork body A1. However, the number of receiving devices 20 is not limited to two, and four or more may be arranged according to the arrangement of the transmitting devices 10. The placing height detection system 1 has one feature in the configuration that the determination means 30 generates the placing height information H of the concrete C based on the unique identification signal S of each transmitting device 10 received by the receiving device 20.

[0015] <1.1> Formwork for tunnel lining The formwork A for tunnel lining includes at least a base that can move in the tunnel axis direction in the tunnel, and a formwork body A1 erected on the base so as to be able to move up and down. The base is a frame-shaped body formed by connecting a plurality of steel materials assembled in a generally portal shape in the tunnel extension direction. Wheels for movement are provided at the lower part of the base. Between the base and the formwork body A1, there are provided a lifting device for lifting the formwork body A1 and a deploying device for deploying the side segments of the formwork body A1 when setting the formwork body A1. A formwork space B for placing the concrete C is defined between the outer peripheral surface of the formwork body A1 and the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel (the waterproof sheet surface or the sprayed concrete surface). The formwork body A1 is provided with a plurality of inspection windows A2 that can be opened and closed inside the formwork body A1.

[0016] <2> Transmitting device The transmitting device 10 is a device that transmits the identification signal S. The transmitting device 10 is arranged on the surface of the formwork body A1. The transmitting device 10 can be configured as a device including, for example, an ID memory storing a unique ID, a signal generation circuit that generates a unique identification signal S based on the ID, and a transmission antenna for transmitting the identification signal S. In this example, a microwave transmitter is adopted as the transmitting device 10. Since microwaves are easily absorbed and attenuated by the concrete C, it is particularly suitable for the determination of the placing height information H described later. However, as long as the transmitting device 10 is a signal-identifiable transmitting device, it is not limited to a microwave transmitter, and may be an ultrasonic transmitter or the like. The transmitters 10 are arranged in a row at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction of the formwork A1, and each transmitter 10 has its own unique identification signal S. In this example, a total of eight transmitters 10 are arranged on the left and right sides along the circumferential direction of the formwork A1, and these are arranged in six parallel rows, so that a total of 48 transmitters 10 (8 × 6) are installed on the formwork A1.

[0017] <3> Receiver (Figure 3) The receiving device 20 is a device that receives the identification signal S. The receiving device 20 comprises at least a receiving unit 21 (receiving antenna) capable of receiving an identification signal S, and a connecting cable 22 that can be suspended within the formwork section, and is movable in the height direction within the formwork space B by the connecting cable 22. Here, "movement in the height direction" means movement in which the height of the receiving device 20 changes within the formwork space B, and includes movement in the circumferential direction along the outer surface of the formwork body A1. The receiving unit 21 receives unique identification signals S transmitted by multiple transmitting devices 10 and transmits them to the determination means 30 via the connecting cable 22. In this example, the receiving device 20 is further equipped with a plurality of wheeled parts 23 that can move in contact with the outer surface of the formwork A1. The wheeled parts 23 allow the receiving device 20 to move smoothly along the outer surface of the formwork A1. Alternatively, the receiving device 20 may be equipped with a vibration unit 24 that incorporates a battery and a vibration generator. The vibration unit 24 allows the receiving device 20 to also function as a vibrator for compacting concrete C.

[0018] <4> Judgment means The determination means 30 is a means for generating concrete pouring height information H. The determination means 30 is electrically connected to the receiving device 20 and receives an identification signal S from the receiving device 20. The determination means 30 can be configured as a device comprising, for example, a signal analysis circuit that sorts a plurality of identification signals S received by the receiving device 20 and analyzes a unique ID from each identification signal S; an ID database that stores known IDs and information of the corresponding transmitting device 10; a location information database that stores location information of the transmitting device 10 within the formwork space B; and a matching circuit that compares the analyzed ID with the ID database and the location information database to identify the location of the transmitting device 10 corresponding to the identification signal S. Although the determination means 30 is conceptually an independent component from the other components, it may be implemented not as a standalone device, but by being incorporated into the receiving device 20 or the display means 40.

[0019] <4.1> Information on concrete pouring height The concrete placement height information H is information regarding the height of the concrete surface placed within the formwork space B. However, the concrete placement height information H is merely a reference value for concrete placement management and is not the actual height of the concrete surface itself. The concrete pouring height information H includes at least an identification signal S received by the receiving device 20, an identification signal S not received by the receiving device 20, and position information of the transmitting device 10 within the formwork space B corresponding to these identification signals S. Here, "position information" may simply be the relative positions of the transmitting devices 10 on the formwork body A1. The concrete pouring height information H may be displayed as visual information on the display means 40, or it may be transmitted as a signal to the control means 50 (described later) and used to control various devices.

[0020] <5> Display means The display means 40 is a means for displaying concrete surface pouring height information H. The display means 40 receives concrete pouring height information H from the determination means 30 and displays it on the display. In this example, a tablet terminal wired to the determination means 30 is used as the display means 40. Specifically, for example, a schematic planar unfolded drawing of the formwork space B is divided into cells corresponding to each transmitting device 10, and the height of the concrete surface is displayed on the display by coloring the cells of the unfolded drawing based on the concrete pouring height information H (Figures 4A and 4B). This configuration allows workers to adjust the amount of concrete C poured in real time while checking the height of the concrete surface at each location displayed on a tablet device. Furthermore, the display is not limited to a plan view of the formwork space B; for example, it could be a 3D model that simulates the formwork space B and displays the height of the concrete surface in three dimensions, allowing for an intuitive understanding of the concrete filling status of the concrete C within the formwork space B.

[0021] <6> Generation of concrete pouring height information The concrete pouring height detection system 1 of the present invention generates concrete pouring height information H for concrete C as follows, for example. Multiple transmitters 10 attached to the formwork A1 are activated, and each transmitter 10 transmits a unique identification signal S within the formwork space B. The identification signal S is transmitted periodically at predetermined time intervals. The receiving device 20 is placed on the formwork body A1. Specifically, a connecting cable 22 is extended from the inspection window A2 at the top of the formwork body A1, the receiving device 20 is suspended within the formwork space B, and the wheeled portion 23 is used to erect it on the outer surface of the formwork body A1. The receiving unit 21 of the receiving device 20 receives multiple identification signals S within the formwork space B and transmits them to the determination means 30. When concrete C is poured into the formwork space B, the lowest transmitting device 10 becomes embedded in the filled concrete C. As a result, the identification signals S emitted from the embedded transmitting devices 10 (e.g., D2 to D6) are shielded by the concrete C, and the identification signals S become unreceivable by the receiving device 20. The determination means 30 receives an identification signal S from the receiving device 20, identifies the transmitting devices 10 (D1, etc.) whose identification signal S is continuous and the transmitting devices 10 (D2 to D6) whose identification signal S has been interrupted, and generates concrete pouring height information H. The display means 40 receives concrete pouring height information H from the determination means 30 and displays on the display that concrete C has been filled into the cells corresponding to the transmitters 10 (D2~D6) from which the identification signal S was interrupted, based on the concrete pouring height information H (Figure 4A). As concrete C is filled, the receiving device 20 is towed upwards, and the determination means 30 continues to update the pouring height information H. When the identification signal S from the second stage transmitting device 10 (for example, C1 to C4) is interrupted, the display shows that concrete C has been filled into the cells corresponding to the transmitting device 10 (C1 to C4) (Figure 4B). By repeating the above process, it becomes possible to manage the change in concrete placement height information H due to the filling of concrete C in real time.

[0022] <6.1> Shielding of Identification Signals "Shielding" of the identification signal S includes not only the case where the identification signal S is completely blocked by the concrete C and cannot be received by the receiving device 20, but also the case where the identification signal S is absorbed by the concrete C and attenuated before being received by the receiving device 20. For example, the receiving device 20 may transmit the identification signal S along with the received intensity of the identification signal S to the determination means 30, and the determination means 30 may determine, based on the received intensity of the identification signal S, that the transmitting device 10 with a weak received intensity is embedded in the concrete C and generate the pouring height information H. [Examples]

[0023] [An embodiment comprising control means and casting means] In this example, the concrete pouring height detection system 1 further comprises a control means 50 that is communicatively connected to the determination means 30, and a concrete pouring means 60 that is communicatively connected to the control means 50 (Figure 5). The control means 50 is a program that controls the concrete pouring means 60 based on concrete pouring height information H. The concrete pouring means 60 is a system for pouring concrete C into the formwork space B. The concrete pouring means 60 comprises at least a plurality of pouring ports 61 connecting the formwork body A1, a pumping device capable of pumping concrete C to the pouring ports 61, and a switching device 62 capable of switching the connection between the plurality of pouring ports 61 and the pumping device's piping. Multiple pouring holes 61 are arranged at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction of the surface of the formwork body A1 to form a row, and multiple such rows are arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the lining formwork A. The switching device 62, under the control of the control means 50, switches the connection between the pouring port 61 and the piping of the concrete pumping device to change the position of the pouring port 61 into which concrete C is poured, and seals the pouring port 61 into which concrete C is not poured with a lid. In this example, the control means 50 controls the switching device 62 based on the concrete pouring height information H, and switches the piping so that concrete C is always poured from the pouring opening 61 which is above the concrete surface and closest to the concrete surface, thereby enabling automatic concrete pouring C. [Examples]

[0024] [An embodiment comprising control means and traction means] In this example, the concrete pouring height detection system 1 further comprises a control means 50 that is communicatively connected to the determination means 30, and a traction means 70 that is communicatively connected to the control means 50 (Figure 6). The control means 50 is a program that controls the traction means 70 based on the concrete pouring height information H. The towing means 70 is a system for towing the receiving device 20 suspended within the formwork space B. The towing means 70 includes at least a winch 71 capable of winding up the connecting cable 22. In this example, the control means 50 controls the rotation of the winch 71 based on the concrete pouring height information H, and winds the receiving device 20 upward in response to the rise in the concrete surface, thereby enabling automatic operation of the receiving device 20 while avoiding immersion in the concrete C. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0025] 1. System for detecting the height of concrete pouring for lining. 10 Transmitter 20 Receiving device 21 Receiving unit 22 connecting cables 23 Wheel section 24 Vibration section 30 Judgment means 40 Display means 50 Control means 60 Pouring means 61 pouring hole 62 Switching device 70 Traction means 71 Winch A. Formwork for tunnel lining A1 Formwork A2 Inspection window B Formwork Space C Concrete H. Information on concrete pouring height S identification signal

Claims

1. A lining concrete pouring height detection system that detects the pouring height of concrete poured into the formwork space between the outer surface of a roughly semi-cylindrical formwork body and the inner surface of a tunnel, A plurality of transmitting devices are installed on the outer surface of the formwork body along the circumferential direction of the formwork body, and each of the plurality of transmitting devices is capable of transmitting a unique identification signal. Within the formwork space, a receiving device that is movable in the height direction and capable of receiving an identification signal transmitted by the transmitting device, The device comprises a determination means that is communicatively connected to the receiving device, The determination means is characterized in that it generates concrete pouring height information relating to the concrete pouring height in the formwork space based on the installation position of the transmitter where the identification signal is blocked by the concrete poured in the formwork space and the installation position of the transmitter where the identification signal is not blocked. System for detecting the height of concrete pouring for lining.

2. The system includes a display means that is communicatively connected to the aforementioned determination means, The display means is characterized by displaying the pouring height information. The lining concrete pouring height detection system according to claim 1.

3. The system comprises a control means connected to the determination means in a communication manner, and a traction means connected to the control means in a communication manner, The receiving device is equipped with a connecting cable, The towing means has a winch capable of winding up the connecting cable, The control means is characterized in that it controls the rotation of the winch based on the pouring height information. The lining concrete pouring height detection system according to claim 1.

4. The system comprises a control means connected to the determination means in a communication manner, and a casting means connected to the control means in a communication manner, The concrete pouring means comprises a plurality of pouring ports connecting the formwork body, the plurality of pouring ports installed along the circumferential direction of the formwork body, a pumping device capable of pumping concrete to the pouring ports, and a switching device capable of switching the connection between the plurality of pouring ports and the piping of the pumping device. The control means controls the switching device based on the concrete pouring height information, The lining concrete pouring height detection system according to claim 1.

5. The receiving device is characterized by comprising: a receiving unit capable of receiving the identification signal; a vibration unit capable of compacting the concrete in the formwork space; and a wheel unit that can rotate in contact with the outer surface of the formwork body. The lining concrete pouring height detection system according to claim 1.

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