Electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device and measurement method

Abstract

To provide an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device and measurement method that can easily and accurately measure the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of a sample. [Solution] The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device of the present invention comprises: a sample placement section on which a plate-shaped sample that transmits electromagnetic waves is placed; a transmitting antenna that transmits electromagnetic waves toward the sample placed in the sample placement section; a first limiting mechanism that limits the irradiation range of the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the transmitting antenna toward the sample; a receiving antenna that receives the electromagnetic waves that have passed through the sample; and an adjustment mechanism that adjusts the incident angle of electromagnetic waves toward the sample and / or the detection angle of electromagnetic waves from the sample by adjusting at least one of the position of the receiving antenna relative to the sample placement section, the rotational position of the sample placement section around a rotation axis along the incident surface of the sample, and the position of the transmitting antenna relative to the sample placement section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave transmitting / receiving device and a measurement method.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, for communications such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, mobile personal computers, etc., those in the high-frequency range of 1 GHz or more and 100 GHz or less are used. Since electromagnetic waves in such a high-frequency range have higher directivity (directionality) compared to those in the low-frequency range, there is a risk that communication cannot be performed well in an environment with many shielding objects. Therefore, a high-frequency diffusion sheet for diffusing incident electromagnetic waves is used (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] The high-frequency diffusion sheet described in Patent Document 1 has a large number of openings (slits) with a width smaller than the wavelength of electromagnetic waves. When electromagnetic waves pass through the high-frequency diffusion sheet, they are diffracted by the openings so that the electromagnetic waves are diffused.

[0004] Such a high-frequency diffusion sheet is installed in a suitable environment according to its diffusion characteristics in a state where the diffusion characteristics of electromagnetic waves (such as the diffusion range of electromagnetic waves, the intensity distribution of electromagnetic waves within the diffusion range, etc.) are grasped. For this reason, it is necessary to measure the diffusion characteristics after manufacturing the high-frequency diffusion sheet. As a method for measuring this diffusion characteristic, as shown in Patent Document 1, a receiver for receiving electromagnetic waves and a high-frequency diffusion sheet are installed at a predetermined position, and electromagnetic waves are irradiated from the side opposite to the receiver toward the high-frequency diffusion sheet through the high-frequency diffusion sheet. Thereby, it is possible to measure whether or not the electromagnetic waves are diffused to the position where the receiver is installed.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

[0006] However, this method makes it difficult to easily and accurately determine the extent and intensity of electromagnetic wave diffusion. In other words, it is difficult to easily and accurately measure the diffusion characteristics of electromagnetic waves.

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device and a measurement method that can easily and accurately measure the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of a sample. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] These objectives are achieved by the present invention as described in (1) to (13) below. (1) A sample installation section on which a plate-shaped sample that transmits electromagnetic waves is placed, A transmitting antenna that transmits electromagnetic waves toward the sample installed in the sample placement section, A first limiting mechanism for limiting the irradiation range of the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the transmitting antenna onto the sample, A receiving antenna that receives the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the sample, An electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device comprising an adjustment mechanism that adjusts the incident angle of the electromagnetic waves onto the sample and / or the detection angle of the electromagnetic waves from the sample by adjusting at least one of the following: the position of the receiving antenna relative to the sample mounting section, the rotational position of the sample mounting section about the rotation axis along the incident surface of the sample, and the position of the transmitting antenna relative to the sample mounting section.

[0009] (2) The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to (1) above, wherein the adjustment mechanism comprises a rotating part that rotates the sample installed in the sample installation part around the rotation axis to adjust the incidence angle or detection angle of the electromagnetic wave.

[0010] (3) The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the adjustment mechanism has a receiving antenna moving part that moves the receiving antenna along a circle centered on the rotation axis.

[0011] (4) The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the adjustment mechanism has a first fixing mechanism that switches between a fixed state in which the positions of the sample installation section and the receiving antenna are fixed and a released state in which the fixed state is released.

[0012] (5) The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the adjustment mechanism has a transmitting antenna moving part that moves the transmitting antenna along a circle centered on the rotation axis.

[0013] (6) The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to any one of (1) to (5) above, wherein the adjustment mechanism has a second fixing mechanism that switches between a fixed state in which the positions of the sample installation section and the transmitting antenna are fixed and a released state in which the fixed state is released.

[0014] (7) The first limiting mechanism is an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to any one of (1) to (6) above, having a lens. (8) The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device described in (7) above, wherein the lens is a convex lens.

[0015] (9) The first limiting mechanism is an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to any one of (1) to (8) above, having a diaphragm with an opening through which the electromagnetic waves pass.

[0016] (10) The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to any one of (1) to (9) above, wherein the first limiting mechanism comprises a lens and an aperture through which the electromagnetic waves emitted from the lens pass.

[0017] (11) An electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to any one of (1) to (10) above, further comprising a second limiting mechanism for limiting the irradiation range of the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna.

[0018] (12) The frequency of the electromagnetic wave is 1 GHz or more and 100 GHz or less, and the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to any one of (1) to (11) above.

[0019] (13) A measuring method characterized by measuring the diffusion characteristics of the electromagnetic wave of the sample using the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to any one of (1) to (12) above.

Advantages of the Invention

[0020] According to the present invention, the diffusion characteristics of the electromagnetic wave of the sample can be easily and accurately measured.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a side view and a functional block diagram of an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a sample installed in the sample installation part shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a side view showing the transmitting antenna shown in FIG. 1 and its peripheral surface. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a side view showing the receiving antenna shown in FIG. 1 and its peripheral surface. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is an enlarged side view of the rotating body shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a view showing a state in which the measuring method of the present invention is being executed using the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device shown in FIG. 1, and is a view of the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device as seen from directly above. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a view showing a state in which the measuring method of the present invention is being executed using the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and is a view of the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device as seen from directly above. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is an enlarged side view of the rotating body shown in FIG. 8. [Figure 10]Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of another configuration of the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device of the present invention. [Figure 11] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram showing an example of another configuration of the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device of the present invention. [Figure 12] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram showing an example of another configuration of the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device of the present invention. [Figure 13] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram showing an example of another configuration of the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device of the present invention. [Figure 14] Figure 14 is a plan view of the sample installed in the sample installation section shown in Figure 1, and is a diagram intended to explain variations in the installation angle. [Figure 15] Figure 15 is a plan view of the sample installed in the sample installation section shown in Figure 1, and is intended to illustrate variations in the installation angle. [Figure 16] Figure 16 is a plan view of the sample installed in the sample installation section shown in Figure 1, and is intended to illustrate variations in the installation angle. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0022] The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device and measurement method according to the present invention will be described in detail below based on preferred embodiments shown in the attached drawings.

[0023] <First Embodiment> Figure 1 is a side view and a functional block diagram of an electromagnetic wave transceiver according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a plan view of a sample placed in the sample placement section shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Figure 2. Figure 4 is a side view showing the transmitting antenna and its circumferential surface as shown in Figure 1. Figure 5 is a side view showing the receiving antenna and its circumferential surface as shown in Figure 1. Figure 6 is an enlarged side view of the rotating body shown in Figure 1. Figure 7 is a diagram showing the measurement method of the present invention being performed using the electromagnetic wave transceiver shown in Figure 1, and is a view of the electromagnetic wave transceiver from vertically above. Figures 10 to 13 are schematic diagrams showing examples of other configurations of the electromagnetic wave transceiver according to the present invention. Figures 14 to 16 are plan views of a sample placed in the sample placement section shown in Figure 1, and are diagrams for explaining variations in the placement angle.

[0024] The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device and measurement method of the present invention will be described in detail below based on preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0025] The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device 1 shown in Figure 1 is used to perform the measurement method of the present invention and comprises a sample mounting section 2, a transmitting antenna 3, a first limiting mechanism 4, a receiving antenna 5, a second limiting mechanism 6, and a support member 7. The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device 1 is used to measure the diffusion characteristics of electromagnetic waves of a sample 100, that is, the extent to which the electromagnetic waves are diffused after the sample 100 has been transmitted, and the intensity distribution of the diffusion.

[0026] The electromagnetic wave transceiver 1 is installed and used on a mounting surface 200 aligned horizontally. However, it is not limited to this configuration, and the mounting surface 200 may be inclined with respect to the horizontal direction. Alternatively, for example, only the sample mounting section 2 and the rotating body 73, described later, may be installed and used on the mounting surface 200 (in this case, for example, the upper surface of a vibration isolation table). This allows for easy and accurate movement of the transmitting antenna 3 and the receiving antenna 5.

[0027] The following describes the various parts of the electromagnetic wave transceiver 1, but before that, we will describe sample 100.

[0028] (Sample 100) Sample 100 is a plate-shaped object to be measured that transmits electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic waves are high-frequency, preferably between 1 GHz and 100 GHz.

[0029] The sample 100 shown in Figure 2 is composed of a conductive plate 101 having an opening 102 and having an overall plate-like shape. In this specification, "plate-like" includes not only rigid materials but also flexible sheets such as films.

[0030] The conductive plate 101 contains a conductive material, which allows electromagnetic waves to pass through in the region where the opening 102 is formed, and has the function of suppressing or blocking (shielding) the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the region where the opening 102 is not formed.

[0031] The opening 102 is a through-hole provided that penetrates the conductive plate 101 in the thickness direction, and in this invention, its width W is set to be smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the opening 102.

[0032] By setting the width W of the opening 102 to be smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, for example, as shown in Figure 3, if a high-frequency electromagnetic wave (plane wave WA) is incident on the conductive plate 101, the electromagnetic wave will be diffused by diffraction at the opening 102 as it passes through the conductive plate 101. Therefore, by attaching a high-frequency diffusion sheet formed by sample 100 to a transmission area where electromagnetic wave transmission is permitted, such as a window in a building, electromagnetic waves can be received well by communication equipment over a wide area within the building.

[0033] As shown in Figure 2, in this embodiment, the openings 102 in the conductive plate 101 are arranged in 10 rows at equal intervals along the X direction (the short side direction of the openings 102), with a total of 10 openings (or more) being formed, although the number is not limited.

[0034] Furthermore, the distance D between adjacent openings 102 in the X direction is the same. In this embodiment, each opening 102 is elongated, or rectangular, extending linearly along the Y direction (the longitudinal direction of the opening 102), and has the same length and width W.

[0035] By arranging each of the openings 102 in this manner, shape, and size, electromagnetic waves in the high-frequency range can be uniformly diffracted by each of the openings 102 in the conductive plate 101.

[0036] This allows the opening 102 to more reliably diffuse the electromagnetic waves as they pass through the conductive plate 101.

[0037] The openings 102 are rectangular in shape, i.e., linear, but are not limited to this as long as the width W is set to be smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. For example, they may be polygonal shapes other than rectangles, shapes with curved parts such as S-shapes, U-shapes, or wavy shapes, shapes with corners such as V-shapes, X-shapes, L-shapes, H-shapes, T-shapes, W-shapes, or U-shapes, or circular shapes, elliptical shapes, partially distorted circular shapes, or semicircular shapes with linear parts (straight parts) formed on at least a part of the circumference.

[0038] Furthermore, in the present invention, the width W of the opening 102 refers to the average value of the distance in the shorter direction when the opening 102 has a rectangular shape or other shape that has a longer direction and a shorter direction perpendicular thereto.

[0039] Furthermore, if the opening 102 is a circular shape or a fixed-width figure, it refers to the distance in any one direction. That is, if the opening 102 is circular, the width W is the diameter of the opening 102.

[0040] Although a configuration with an aperture 102 was described as an example of sample 100, other configurations are also acceptable as long as they transmit electromagnetic waves.

[0041] Such a sample 100 is placed in the sample placement section 2, and the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics are measured in that placement state.

[0042] (Sample placement section 2) The sample mounting section 2 is where a plate-shaped sample 100 that transmits electromagnetic waves is placed. The sample mounting section 2 has the function of holding the sample 100 at a predetermined height distance from the mounting surface 200, and includes a vertically extending support column 21 and a fixing part 22 provided at the upper end of the support column 21.

[0043] As shown in Figures 14 to 16, the fixing part 22 can rotate and fix the sample 100 within its own plane. In this case, it is preferable that the center of rotation is at the same height from the mounting surface 200 as the center position of the transmitting antenna 3, which will be described later. However, these heights may be different.

[0044] The support column 21 is made up of a cylindrical member. The lower end of the support column 21 is fixed to the rotating body 73, which will be described later.

[0045] The support column 21 may, for example, have a double-cylinder structure. In this case, the length of the support column 21 may be adjustable by sliding the inner and outer cylinders. This allows the height of the sample 100 from the mounting surface 200 to be adjusted.

[0046] The fixing part 22 has fixing means for fixing the sample 100. Examples of fixing means include claws that clamp the edges of the sample 100 from both sides, and configurations that fix the sample 100 by magnetic force, adhesive force, etc.

[0047] Alternatively, the sample 100 may be fixed to a frame-shaped or plate-shaped member, and the fixing part 22 may then hold the frame-shaped or plate-shaped member. The frame-shaped or plate-shaped member is preferably made of an insulating material, such as a resin material or a ceramic material.

[0048] (Transmitting antenna 3) The transmitting antenna 3 has the function of transmitting electromagnetic waves. The transmitting antenna 3 has at least one antenna element, and the antenna element is arranged in a desired array.

[0049] The transmitting antenna 3 transmits electromagnetic waves output from the network analyzer 8 (described later) toward the sample 100 placed in the sample placement section 2. The antenna element is preferably one with high directivity and radiation efficiency. A horn antenna is an example of such an antenna element. The antenna element may also have a connector for connecting to a cable. Having a connector facilitates connection to the network analyzer 8.

[0050] The frequency of the electromagnetic waves transmitted by the transmitting antenna 3 is preferably, for example, between 1 GHz and 100 GHz, and more preferably between 2 GHz and 95 GHz.

[0051] Since high frequencies within the above numerical range are widely used in communications such as those in mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, and mobile computers, the effects of the present invention can be more broadly enjoyed by measuring the diffusion characteristics of electromagnetic waves within the above numerical range.

[0052] The transmitting antenna 3 is supported by the transmitting antenna support member 71 of the support member 7, which will be described later (see Figure 4), and in this embodiment, it is supported so that electromagnetic waves are incident on the sample 100 from the direction normal to the sample 100.

[0053] (Receiving antenna 5) The receiving antenna 5 has the function of receiving electromagnetic waves. The receiving antenna 5 has at least one antenna element, and the antenna element is arranged in a desired array. The receiving antenna 5 is connected to the network analyzer 8 (described later) via a cable, and information regarding the intensity of the electromagnetic waves received by the receiving antenna 5 is output to the network analyzer 8 as an electrical signal.

[0054] The receiving antenna 5 is supported by the receiving antenna support member 72 of the support member 7, which will be described later (see Figure 5), and receives electromagnetic waves transmitted by the transmitting antenna 3 and transmitted through the sample 100.

[0055] (1st limited mechanism 4) The first limiting mechanism 4 has the function of limiting the irradiation range of electromagnetic waves transmitted from the transmitting antenna 3 onto the sample 100. The first limiting mechanism 4 includes a lens 41, an aperture 42, and a position adjustment mechanism 43.

[0056] By incorporating this first limiting mechanism 4, it is possible to prevent the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the transmitting antenna 3 from being diffused into the surroundings, and the diffusion characteristics of the electromagnetic waves of the sample 100 can be measured more accurately.

[0057] The lens 41 is positioned between the transmitting antenna 3 and the sample mounting section 2. The lens 41 is made of, for example, a dielectric lens, and in this embodiment, it is a convex lens. This allows for efficient conversion of electromagnetic waves (e.g., spherical waves) transmitted from the transmitting antenna 3 into plane waves.

[0058] For example, the constituent material of the lens 41 can be a resin material with relatively low dielectric loss, such as high-density polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene, or various ceramics.

[0059] The lens 41 may have a through hole 432 provided at its edge, as described later. This allows for position adjustment and easy replacement with convex lenses of different curvatures. This makes it possible to change the area of ​​electromagnetic wave irradiation on the sample 100.

[0060] Convex lenses with different curvatures can be manufactured using machining, compression molding, injection molding, or 3D printing. In particular, using a 3D printer allows for the inexpensive, rapid, and accurate production of lenses 41 with various specifications.

[0061] The aperture 42 is positioned between the lens 41 and the sample mounting section 2. The aperture 42 is composed of a ring-shaped member having an opening 421.

[0062] As described later, the aperture 42 may have through holes 433 provided on its edge. This allows for easy position adjustment and easy replacement with apertures of different diameters and shapes.

[0063] The constituent material of the aperture 42 is not particularly limited, but resin materials with excellent machinability such as phenolic resin, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, and polyoxymethylene can be used.

[0064] The aperture 42 allows electromagnetic waves to pass through only the opening 421. This makes it possible to more effectively limit the range of electromagnetic wave irradiation on the sample 100.

[0065] The aperture 42 may be positioned between the transmitting antenna 3 and the lens 41. Furthermore, at least one of the lens 41 and the aperture 42 may be omitted.

[0066] The position adjustment mechanism 43 adjusts at least one (both in the illustrated configuration) of the distance between the transmitting antenna 3 and the lens 41, and the distance between the lens 41 and the aperture 42.

[0067] As shown in Figure 4, the position adjustment mechanism 43 includes a plurality of slide bars 431 fixed to the transmitting antenna 3, a through hole 432 provided on the edge of the lens 41, and a through hole 433 provided on the edge of the aperture 42. The slide bars 431 are inserted through the through holes 432 and 433, and the lens 41 and aperture 42 are configured to slide along the slide bars 431. This allows the separation distance between the transmitting antenna 3 and the lens 41 and the separation distance between the lens 41 and the aperture 42 to be adjusted, enabling more accurate measurement of the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of the sample 100 under various conditions.

[0068] In the first limiting mechanism 4, either the lens 41 or the aperture 42 may be omitted, but it is preferable that the first limiting mechanism 4 has a lens. This prevents the electromagnetic waves from being unintentionally diffused before reaching the sample 100, and allows for more accurate measurement of the diffusion characteristics of the sample 100.

[0069] Lens 41 is preferably a convex lens. This allows for efficient conversion of electromagnetic waves (e.g., spherical waves) transmitted from the transmitting antenna 3 into plane waves.

[0070] Furthermore, the first limiting mechanism 4 preferably has an aperture 42 with an opening 421 through which electromagnetic waves pass. This makes it possible to more effectively limit the irradiation range of electromagnetic waves onto the sample 100.

[0071] Furthermore, the first limiting mechanism 4 preferably includes a lens 41 and an aperture 42 through which the electromagnetic waves emitted from the lens 41 pass. This allows the effects of both the lens 41 and the aperture 42 to be enjoyed. In other words, it is possible to more effectively limit the irradiation range of the electromagnetic waves onto the sample 100 while preventing the electromagnetic waves from being unintentionally diffused before reaching the sample 100. In addition, due to these synergistic effects, the diffusion characteristics of the sample 100 can be measured more accurately.

[0072] (2nd limited mechanism 6) The second limiting mechanism 6 has the function of limiting the irradiation range of electromagnetic waves transmitted through the sample 100 to the receiving antenna 5. As shown in Figure 1, the second limiting mechanism 6 includes a lens 61, an aperture 62, and a position adjustment mechanism 63. By providing such a second limiting mechanism 6, it is possible to more effectively prevent electromagnetic waves transmitted through the sample 100 from being unintentionally diffused, and to measure the diffusion characteristics of electromagnetic waves of the sample 100 more accurately.

[0073] The lens 61 is positioned between the sample mounting section 2 and the receiving antenna 5. The lens 61 is made of, for example, a dielectric lens, and in this embodiment, it is a convex lens. This focuses the electromagnetic waves that have passed through the sample 100, allowing the receiving antenna 5 to efficiently receive the electromagnetic waves.

[0074] Lens 61 can be the same as lens 41 as described above. Lens 41 and lens 61 may be made of the same material or different material. Also, the planar dimensions of lenses 41 and lens 61 may be the same or different. Furthermore, the average thickness of lenses 41 and lens 61 may be the same or different.

[0075] The aperture 62 is positioned between the sample mounting section 2 and the lens 61. The aperture 62 is composed of a ring-shaped member having an opening 621. The aperture 62 can be the same as the aperture 42 described above. The opening 621 of the aperture 62 and the opening 421 of the aperture 42 may be the same size or different sizes.

[0076] The aperture 62 may also be positioned between the receiving antenna 5 and the lens 61. Furthermore, at least one of the lens 61 and the aperture 62 may be omitted.

[0077] The position adjustment mechanism 63 adjusts at least one (both in the illustrated configuration) of the distance between the receiving antenna 5 and the lens 61, and the distance between the lens 61 and the aperture 62.

[0078] As shown in Figure 5, the position adjustment mechanism 63 includes a plurality of slide bars 631 fixed to the receiving antenna 5, a through hole 632 provided on the edge of the lens 61, and a through hole 633 provided on the edge of the aperture 62. The slide bars 631 are inserted through the through holes 632 and 633, and the lens 61 and aperture 62 are configured to slide along the slide bars 631. This allows the separation distance between the receiving antenna 5 and the lens 61 and the separation distance between the lens 61 and the aperture 62 to be adjusted, enabling more accurate measurement of the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of the sample 100 under various conditions.

[0079] Thus, it is preferable that the electromagnetic wave transceiver 1 further includes a second limiting mechanism 6 that limits the irradiation range of electromagnetic waves transmitted from the transmitting antenna 3 to the receiving antenna 5. This makes it possible to more effectively prevent electromagnetic waves that have passed through the sample 100 from being unintentionally diffused, and to measure the diffusion characteristics of electromagnetic waves of the sample 100 more accurately.

[0080] In the second limiting mechanism 6, either the lens 61 or the aperture 62 may be omitted, but it is preferable that the second limiting mechanism 6 has the lens 61.

[0081] This makes it possible to more effectively prevent electromagnetic waves from being unintentionally diffused before reaching the receiving antenna 5, and to measure the diffusion characteristics of the sample 100 more accurately.

[0082] The lens 61 is preferably a convex lens. This focuses the electromagnetic waves that have passed through the sample 100, allowing the receiving antenna 5 to efficiently receive the electromagnetic waves.

[0083] Furthermore, the second limiting mechanism 6 preferably has an aperture 62 with an opening 621 through which electromagnetic waves pass. This makes it possible to more effectively limit the range of electromagnetic waves irradiating the lens 61.

[0084] Furthermore, the second limiting mechanism 6 preferably includes a lens 61 and an aperture 62 having an aperture 621.

[0085] This allows us to enjoy the benefits of both the lens 61 and the aperture 62 described above. In other words, this prevents the electromagnetic waves from being unintentionally diffused before reaching the receiving antenna 5, while more effectively limiting the irradiation range of the electromagnetic waves to the receiving antenna 5. Furthermore, these synergistic effects allow us to measure the diffusion characteristics of the sample 100 more accurately.

[0086] (Support member 7) As shown in Figures 1, 4, and 5, the support member 7 includes a transmitting antenna support member 71 that supports the transmitting antenna 3, a receiving antenna support member 72 that supports the receiving antenna 5, and a rotating body 73.

[0087] The transmitting antenna support member 71 includes a support column 711 and a connecting portion 712 that connects the support column 711 to the rotating body 73.

[0088] The support column 711 is a long member extending vertically and holds the transmitting antenna 3 at a predetermined height distance from the installation surface 200. The transmitting antenna 3 is fixed to the upper end of the support column 711, and the lower end of the support column 711 is fixed to the left end of the connecting part 712 in Figure 4, that is, the left end of the sliding member 714 in Figure 4, which will be described later.

[0089] The support column 711 may, for example, have a double-cylinder structure. In this case, the length of the support column 711 may be adjustable by sliding the inner and outer cylinders. This allows the height of the transmitting antenna 3 from the mounting surface 200 to be adjusted.

[0090] The connecting portion 712 includes an elongated rail member 713 and an elongated slide member 714. The right end of the rail member 713 in Figure 6 is fixed to the rotating body 73. The slide member 714 is configured to slide relative to the rail member 713 in its longitudinal direction. This connecting portion 712 allows for adjustment of the distance between the transmitting antenna 3 and the sample 100.

[0091] The support column 711 may also be fixed to a part of the slide member 714 other than the left end in Figure 4, for example, to the central part of the slide member 714.

[0092] The receiving antenna support member 72 includes a support column 721 and a connecting portion 722 that connects the support column 721 to the rotating body 73.

[0093] The support column 721 is composed of a long member extending in the vertical direction and holds the receiving antenna 5 at a predetermined height distance from the installation surface 200. The receiving antenna 5 is fixed to the upper end of the support column 721, and the lower end of the support column 721 is fixed to the right end of the connecting part 722 in Figure 5, that is, the right end of the sliding member 724 in Figure 5, which will be described later.

[0094] The support column 721 may, for example, have a double-cylinder structure. In this case, the length of the support column 721 may be adjustable by sliding the inner and outer cylinders. This allows the height of the receiving antenna 5 from the mounting surface 200 to be adjusted.

[0095] The connecting portion 722 includes a rail member 723 and a sliding member 724. The left end of the rail member 723 is fixed to the rotating body 73. The sliding member 724 is configured to slide relative to the rail member 723 in its longitudinal direction. This connecting portion 722 allows for adjustment of the distance between the receiving antenna 5 and the sample 100.

[0096] The support column 721 may also be fixed to a part of the slide member 724 other than the right end in Figure 5, for example, to the central part of the slide member 724.

[0097] As shown in Figure 6, the rotating body 73 has a disc-shaped first member 731 and a second member 732, which are stacked vertically with their respective centers aligned. The first member 731 and the second member 732 are arranged in this order from the installation surface 200 side. The first member 731 and the second member 732 are connected by a shaft (not shown) so as to rotate relative to each other around the rotation axis J.

[0098] The rotation axis J coincides with the central axis of the support column 21 of the sample mounting section 2 and is positioned to pass through the sample 100 installed in the sample mounting section 2.

[0099] The left end of the rail member 723 of the connecting section 722 is fixed to the first member 731 in Figure 6. The right end of the rail member 713 of the connecting section 712 is fixed to the second member 732 in Figure 6. In addition, the lower end of the support column 21 is fixed to the upper surface of the second member 732.

[0100] When the first member 731 is rotated relative to the second member 732, as shown in Figure 7, the positional relationship between the sample mounting section 2 and the transmitting antenna 3 fixed to the second member 732 remains unchanged (the incident angle θA remains unchanged), while the receiving antenna 5 fixed to the first member 731 rotates relative to the sample mounting section 2 around the rotation axis J.

[0101] This allows the position of the receiving antenna 5 relative to the sample mounting section 2 to be adjusted, and the detection angle of electromagnetic waves from the sample 100 to be adjusted. In other words, in this embodiment, the rotating body 73 functions as an adjustment mechanism 1A that adjusts the position of the receiving antenna 5 relative to the sample mounting section 2 to adjust the detection angle θB of electromagnetic waves from the sample 100. The rotating body 73 is also a receiving antenna moving section 10A that moves the receiving antenna 5 along a circle C centered on the rotation axis J. In other words, the adjustment mechanism 1A can be said to have a receiving antenna moving section 10A.

[0102] Thus, the adjustment mechanism 1A has a receiving antenna moving part 10A (rotating body 73) that moves the receiving antenna 5 along a circle C centered on the rotation axis J. This allows the receiving antenna 5 to be moved precisely along circle C, making it easier and more accurate to measure the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of the sample 100.

[0103] The incident angle θA refers to the angle between the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the transmitting antenna 3 (the line segment L' connecting the axis of rotation J as viewed from the vertical and the center S' of the transmitting antenna 3) and the main surface (incident surface) of the sample 100 on the transmitting antenna 3 side. In this embodiment, since the positional relationship between the sample mounting section 2 and the transmitting antenna 3 is fixed, the incident angle θA is fixed at 90°.

[0104] Furthermore, the detection angle θB refers to the angle between the line segment L connecting the rotation axis J (viewed from the vertical) and the center S of the receiving antenna 5, and the main surface (emitting surface) of the sample 100 on the receiving antenna 5 side. By adjusting the position (rotation position) of the receiving antenna 5 around the rotation axis J to change the detection angle θB, and measuring the intensity of electromagnetic waves at various detection angles θB, the diffusion characteristics of the sample 100 can be measured.

[0105] Having such an adjustment mechanism 1A allows the position of the receiving antenna 5 (rotational position around the rotation axis J) to be precisely moved and adjusted in an arc relative to the sample 100, enabling accurate measurement of the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of the sample 100 at various detection angles. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the presence of the first limiting mechanism 4 effectively limits the irradiation range of electromagnetic waves from the transmitting antenna 3, preventing unintended electromagnetic wave diffusion. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics can be accurately measured without using large-scale equipment such as conventionally used anechoic chambers.

[0106] In this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 1A adjusts the detection angle of electromagnetic waves from the sample 100 by adjusting the position of the receiving antenna 5 relative to the sample mounting section 2. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and as will be described later, it may also adjust the incident angle θA of electromagnetic waves to the sample 100 by adjusting the rotational position of the sample mounting section 2 around the rotation axis J along the incident plane of the sample 100 and the position of the transmitting antenna 3 relative to the sample mounting section 2, or a combination of these configurations may be used.

[0107] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 6, the adjustment mechanism 1A further includes a first fixing mechanism 20A that switches between a fixed state in which the positions of the sample mounting section 2 and the receiving antenna 5 are fixed, and a released state in which the fixed state is released. The first fixing mechanism 20A consists of a screw hole 201 provided in the first member 731 and a screw 202 that is screwed into the screw hole 201. By tightening the screw 202 inserted into the screw hole 201, the tip of the screw 202 is pressed against the shaft of a rotating body 73 (not shown), thereby preventing the rotation of the rotating body 73.

[0108] This allows the positions of the sample mounting unit 2 and the receiving antenna 5 to be fixed, thus maintaining a fixed state.

[0109] On the other hand, by loosening the screw 202 inserted into the screw hole 201, the pressure on the tip of the screw 202 is released, and the fixed state is released. In this released state, the receiving antenna 5 can be moved as described above.

[0110] Thus, the adjustment mechanism 1A further includes a first fixing mechanism 20A that switches between a fixed state in which the positions of the sample mounting section 2 and the receiving antenna 5 are fixed, and a released state in which the fixed state is released. This allows the receiving antenna 5 to be moved in the released state, and by fixing it after moving, the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics can be measured stably. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of the sample 100 can be measured more accurately.

[0111] As described above, the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device 1 includes a sample placement section 2 on which a plate-shaped sample 100 that transmits electromagnetic waves is placed, a transmitting antenna 3 that transmits electromagnetic waves toward the sample 100 placed in the sample placement section 2, a first limiting mechanism that limits the irradiation range of the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the transmitting antenna 3 toward the sample 100, a receiving antenna 5 that receives the electromagnetic waves that have passed through the sample 100, and an adjustment mechanism 1A that adjusts the incident angle θA of the electromagnetic waves toward the sample 100 and / or the detection angle θB of the electromagnetic waves from the sample 100 by adjusting at least one of the following: the position of the receiving antenna 5 relative to the sample placement section 2, the rotational position of the sample placement section 2 around the rotation axis J along the incident surface of the sample 100, and the position of the transmitting antenna 3 relative to the sample placement section 2. This allows for easy and accurate measurement of the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of sample 100.

[0112] (Measurement method) Next, an example of a measurement method using the electromagnetic wave transceiver 1 and the network analyzer 8 will be described. Note that instead of the network analyzer 8, a device combining a function generator, spectrum analyzer, power meter, etc., as appropriate may be used.

[0113] (Network Analyzer 8) As shown in Figure 1, the network analyzer 8 includes a generation unit 81 that generates electromagnetic waves, an output terminal 82 that outputs electromagnetic waves, an input terminal 83 into which electromagnetic waves are input, and an analysis unit 84 that analyzes and generates diffusion characteristic data. The network analyzer 8 may also have a display unit, a storage unit, an output unit that outputs analysis data to an external computer, etc., as needed. The network analyzer 8 may be a scalar network analyzer or a vector network analyzer.

[0114] The output terminal 82 is connected to the transmitting antenna 3 via a cable. The input terminal 83 is connected to the receiving antenna 5 via a cable. Based on information such as the frequency and amplitude of the electromagnetic waves received by the receiving antenna 5, the analysis unit 84 analyzes and generates data on the diffusion characteristics of the electromagnetic waves.

[0115] Next, we will explain an example of a measurement method. First, prepare the electromagnetic wave transceiver 1 shown in Figure 1, and place the sample 100 in the sample placement section 2. In this embodiment, the incident angle θA is fixed at 90°. Meanwhile, the position of the receiving antenna 5 is manipulated to set the detection angle θB to a desired angle. The initial position of the receiving antenna 5 is not particularly limited.

[0116] Next, the network analyzer 8 is operated to cause electromagnetic waves to be transmitted from the transmitting antenna 3. The electromagnetic waves transmitted from the transmitting antenna 3 have their irradiation range limited by the first limiting mechanism 4 and are incident on the sample 100 in the sample placement section 2. A portion of the electromagnetic waves diffused by the sample 100 has its irradiation range limited by the second limiting mechanism 6 and is received by the receiving antenna 5. The receiving antenna 5 then detects the intensity of the electromagnetic waves it has received.

[0117] In this state, while changing the position of the receiving antenna 5, the network analyzer 8 stores the location and intensity of electromagnetic waves received. The information regarding the position of the receiving antenna 5 and the intensity of the electromagnetic waves may be recorded on a separate storage medium such as a PC. Furthermore, an external control device such as a PC may be used to adjust the positions of the transmitting antenna 3 and the receiving antenna 5, and to control the network analyzer 8. This allows for the measurement of the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of the sample 100.

[0118] Furthermore, it is preferable that the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device 1 further comprises a drive unit (e.g., a motor) that outputs a driving force to change at least one of the following: the position of the receiving antenna 5 relative to the sample mounting section 2, the rotational position of the sample mounting section 2 around the rotation axis J along the incident surface of the sample 100, and the position of the transmitting antenna 3 relative to the sample mounting section 2; an input unit for the user to input information on measurement conditions (incident angle θA, detection angle θB); and a control unit that controls the operation of the drive unit based on the input information.

[0119] Furthermore, if the control unit controls the operation of the network analyzer 8, the above measurements can be performed automatically.

[0120] As described above, the electromagnetic wave transceiver 1 has an adjustment mechanism 1A that allows the position of the receiving antenna 5 (rotational position around the rotation axis J) to be precisely moved and adjusted in an arc shape relative to the sample 100, enabling accurate measurement of the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of the sample 100 at various detection angles.

[0121] Thus, the measurement method of the present invention uses the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device 1 described above to measure the diffusion characteristics of the electromagnetic waves of the sample 100, making it possible to measure the diffusion characteristics of the electromagnetic waves of the sample 100 simply and accurately.

[0122] <Second Embodiment> Figure 8 shows a state in which the measurement method of the present invention is being performed using an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and is a view of the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device from vertically above. Figure 9 is an enlarged side view of the rotating body shown in Figure 8.

[0123] The following explanation will focus on the differences from the previously described embodiment, and similar matters will be omitted from the explanation.

[0124] As shown in Figure 8, in this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 1A has a transmitting antenna moving part 10B that moves the transmitting antenna 3 along a circle C centered on the rotation axis J. The transmitting antenna moving part 10B is composed of a rotating body 73. In this embodiment, the sample mounting part 2 is fixed to a shaft (not shown), and the first member 731 and the second member 732 shown in Figure 9 are each configured to be rotatable around the rotation axis J relative to the shaft.

[0125] When the second member 732 is rotated relative to the first member 731, the transmitting antenna 3 rotates around the rotation axis J relative to the sample mounting section 2. This allows the position of the transmitting antenna 3 relative to the sample mounting section 2 to be adjusted, and the incidence angle θA of the electromagnetic waves onto the sample 100 to be adjusted.

[0126] Thus, in this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 1A has a transmitting antenna moving unit 10B that moves the transmitting antenna 3 along a circle C centered on the rotation axis J. This allows the transmitting antenna 3 to be moved precisely along circle C, making it possible to measure the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of the sample 100 more easily, accurately, and in a wider variety of ways.

[0127] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 9, in this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 1A further includes a second fixing mechanism 20B that switches between a fixed state in which the positions of the sample mounting section 2 and the transmitting antenna 3 are fixed and a released state in which the fixed state is released. The second fixing mechanism 20B is composed of a screw hole 203 provided in the second member 732 and a screw 204 that is screwed into the screw hole 203.

[0128] By tightening the screw 204 inserted into the screw hole 203, the tip of the screw 204 is pressed against the shaft of a rotating body 73 (not shown), preventing the rotating body 73 from rotating. This fixes the positions of the sample mounting section 2 and the transmitting antenna 3, keeping them in a fixed state.

[0129] On the other hand, by loosening the screw 204 inserted into the screw hole 203, the pressure on the tip of the screw 204 is released, and the fixed state is released. In this released state, the transmitting antenna 3 can be moved as described above.

[0130] Thus, in this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 1A further includes a second fixing mechanism 20B that switches between a fixed state in which the positions of the sample mounting section 2 and the transmitting antenna 3 are fixed, and a released state in which the fixed state is released.

[0131] This allows the transmitting antenna 3 to be moved while the device is deactivated, and then fixed in place afterward, enabling stable measurement of the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of sample 100 can be measured more accurately and in greater variety.

[0132] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the sample mounting section 2 is fixed to a shaft (not shown), and the sample mounting section 2 can rotate independently of the first member 731 and the second member 732. That is, the adjustment mechanism 1A includes a rotating body 73 as a rotating part that rotates the sample 100 placed in the sample mounting section 2 around the rotation axis J to adjust the incidence angle θA or detection angle θB of the electromagnetic wave.

[0133] This allows for adjustment of the incident angle θA or the detection angle θB, enabling more accurate and versatile measurement of the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of sample 100.

[0134] In the fixed state, when the transmitting antenna 3 is moved, for example, when the transmitting antenna 3 is rotated while the incident angle θA is fixed at 90°, the sample mounting unit 2 can rotate (rotate) in accordance with that rotation. Therefore, for example, it is possible to easily change the detection angle θB while keeping the incident angle θA constant, and accurate and easy measurements can be performed.

[0135] On the other hand, in the released state, the incidence angle θA can be adjusted by rotating (rotating) the sample mounting unit 2. Therefore, for example, measurements can be performed when electromagnetic waves are obliquely incident on the sample 100, enabling a wider variety of measurements.

[0136] Thus, in this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 1A includes a rotating body 73 which acts as a rotating part that rotates the sample 100 installed in the sample installation section 2 around the rotation axis J to adjust the incidence angle θA or detection angle θB of the electromagnetic wave.

[0137] This allows for adjustment of the incident angle θA or the detection angle θB, enabling more accurate and versatile measurement of the electromagnetic wave diffusion characteristics of sample 100.

[0138] Furthermore, the present invention may also have configurations as shown in Figures 10 to 13. In the configuration shown in Figure 10, the transmitting antenna 3 does not rotate, while the receiving antenna 5 rotates around the rotation axis J. Additionally, the sample mounting section 2 rotates around the rotation axis J.

[0139] This allows for precise adjustment of the incident angle θA and the detection angle θB. The sample mounting unit 2 and the receiving antenna 5 may be configured to move in conjunction with each other, or they may be configured to rotate independently.

[0140] With this configuration, the incident angle θA and the detection angle θB can be adjusted independently. Therefore, a wider variety of measurements can be performed, such as measurements where the incident angle θA is fixed and the detection angle θB is changed, or measurements where the detection angle θB is fixed and the incident angle θA is changed.

[0141] In the configuration shown in Figure 11, the transmitting antenna 3 and the receiving antenna 5 rotate around the rotation axis J. The sample mounting section 2 also rotates around the rotation axis J. The sample mounting section 2 and the receiving antenna 5 may move in conjunction with each other, or they may rotate independently. The sample mounting section 2 and the transmitting antenna 3 may move in conjunction with each other, or they may rotate independently.

[0142] With this configuration, the incident angle θA and the detection angle θB can be precisely adjusted with even greater freedom. Therefore, a wider variety of measurements can be performed, such as measurements where the incident angle θA is fixed and the detection angle θB is changed, or measurements where the detection angle θB is fixed and the incident angle θA is changed.

[0143] In the configuration shown in Figure 12, the transmitting antenna 3 and the receiving antenna 5 rotate around the rotation axis J, respectively. The sample mounting section 2 does not rotate. This allows for precise adjustment of the incident angle θA and the detection angle θB.

[0144] With this configuration, the incident angle θA and detection angle θB can be adjusted more precisely without rotating the sample mounting unit 2. Therefore, a wider variety of measurements can be performed, such as measurements where the incident angle θA is fixed and the detection angle θB is changed, or measurements where the detection angle θB is fixed and the incident angle θA is changed.

[0145] In the configuration shown in Figure 13, the transmitting antenna 3 rotates around the rotation axis J. The sample mounting section 2 and the receiving antenna 5, however, do not rotate. This allows for more accurate measurements while fixing the detection angle θB and varying the incident angle θA.

[0146] Although the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device and measurement method of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.

[0147] For example, in the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device and measurement method of the present invention, each part of each embodiment may be replaced with any component having a similar function, or any component may be added to each embodiment. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0148] 1. Electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device 1A adjustment mechanism 2. Sample placement section 3. Transmitting antenna 4 1st Limited Mechanism 5 Receiving antenna 6 Second limited mechanism 7. Support Member 8. Network Analyzer 10A Receiving Antenna Mobile Unit 10B Transmitting antenna mobile section 20A 1st fixing mechanism 20B Second fixing mechanism 21 Post 22 Fixed part 41 lenses 42 aperture 43 Position adjustment mechanism 61 lenses 62 aperture 63 Position adjustment mechanism 71 Transmitting antenna support member 72 Receiving antenna support member 73. Solids of revolution 81 Generation part 82 Output terminals 83 Input terminals 84 Analysis Department 100 samples 101 Conductive plate 102 Opening 200 Installation surface 201 Screw holes 202 Screws 203 Screw holes 204 Screws 421 Aperture 431 Slide bar 432 Through hole 433 Through hole 621 Aperture 631 Slide bar 632 Through hole 633 Through hole 711 Post 712 Connection part 713 Rail component 714 Sliding member 721 Post 722 Connecting part 723 Rail component 724 Sliding member 731 First Member 732 Second Member C yen D Separation distance J rotation axis L-shaped line segment L' line segment S center S' center W width WA plane wave θA incident angle θB detection angle

Claims

1. A sample placement section where a plate-shaped sample that transmits electromagnetic waves is placed, A transmitting antenna that transmits electromagnetic waves toward the sample installed in the sample placement section, A first limiting mechanism for limiting the irradiation range of the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the transmitting antenna onto the sample, A receiving antenna that receives the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the sample, An electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device characterized by comprising an adjustment mechanism that adjusts the incident angle of the electromagnetic waves onto the sample and / or the detection angle of the electromagnetic waves from the sample by adjusting at least one of the following: the position of the receiving antenna with respect to the sample mounting section, the rotational position of the sample mounting section about the rotation axis along the incident surface of the sample, and the position of the transmitting antenna with respect to the sample mounting section.

2. The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment mechanism comprises a rotating part that rotates the sample installed in the sample installation part around the rotation axis to adjust the incidence angle or detection angle of the electromagnetic wave.

3. The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adjustment mechanism has a receiving antenna moving part that moves the receiving antenna along a circle centered on the rotation axis.

4. The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the adjustment mechanism has a first fixing mechanism that switches between a fixed state in which the positions of the sample installation section and the receiving antenna are fixed and a released state in which the fixed state is released.

5. The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adjustment mechanism has a transmitting antenna moving part that moves the transmitting antenna along a circle centered on the rotation axis.

6. The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the adjustment mechanism has a second fixing mechanism that switches between a fixed state in which the positions of the sample installation section and the transmitting antenna are fixed and a released state in which the fixed state is released.

7. The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first limiting mechanism has a lens.

8. The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to claim 7, wherein the lens is a convex lens.

9. The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first limiting mechanism has a diaphragm with an opening through which the electromagnetic waves pass.

10. The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first limiting mechanism comprises a lens and an aperture having an opening through which the electromagnetic waves emitted from the lens pass.

11. The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a second limiting mechanism for limiting the irradiation range of the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna.

12. The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the frequency of the electromagnetic wave is 1 GHz or more and 100 GHz or less.

13. A measurement method characterized by measuring the diffusion characteristics of the electromagnetic waves of the sample using the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving device described in claim 1 or 2.

Images