2D forming device for wave curves

Abstract

The system automatically completes the one-step forming of 2D wave windings on a copper wire while it is in a straight state. [Solution] The wave winding 2D forming apparatus includes a table 1, a moving means 2 attached to the top of the table, a forming means 3 and a moving end forming copper wire folding means 4 attached to and driven by the moving means, and a fixed end forming copper wire folding means 5 attached to the top of the table for cooperating with the forming means. It can reduce manpower and waiting waste and automatically complete one-step forming of 2D wave windings in a straight state relative to the copper wire, with the moving means, forming means, moving end forming copper wire folding means and fixed end forming copper wire folding means cooperating with each other to complete an automatic reset after one forming and prepare for subsequent new copper wire forming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of copper wire forming devices, and specifically relates to a wave winding 2D forming device.

Background Art

[0002] The 2D forming of wave windings is a specialized technology in the production of electronic components, mainly applied to the manufacture of products with winding structures such as inductors and transformers, and is a technology for winding wires in a waveform manner that can form a uniform and regular winding pattern in a two-dimensional plane.

[0003] The 2D forming of wave windings is a process technology that forms a wave-shaped two-dimensional winding pattern on a specific substrate or planar structure by accurately controlling the path and position of the wire. Compared with conventional winding technologies, it can perform complex coil manufacturing with higher accuracy and efficiency. This technology is usually executed by automated equipment, and a high-precision numerical control system is used to control the tension, angle, and position of the wire to realize an ideal coil shape.

[0004] Since the forming equipment needs to perform multiple different processes on the copper wire (W-pin), such as clamping and multi-stage bending, the necessary employees need to understand the standard work flow of each device, which not only consumes manpower but also may result in waste of time for moving the copper wire when switching devices for work.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for equipment that can directly form straight copper wires, which can reduce waste of manpower and waiting time.

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] To address the above defects, the present invention provides a wave winding 2D forming apparatus, a wave winding 2D forming apparatus comprising a table, a moving means attached to the top of the table, a forming means and a moving end forming copper wire folding means attached to and driven by the top of the moving means, and a fixed end forming copper wire folding means attached to the top of the table and cooperating with the forming means, The moving means includes a straight module I, two first straight sliding rails, and two second straight sliding rails. The molding means includes a plurality of upper end molding assemblies, a plurality of lower end molding assemblies, and a hinge extension assembly, the plurality of upper end molding assemblies and the plurality of lower end molding assemblies each being attached corresponding to the hinge end of the hinge extension assembly, and enabling positional movement as the hinge extension assembly extends and contracts. The movable end-forming copper wire folding means has the same structure as the fixed end-forming copper wire folding means, and both are symmetrically mounted on the left and right sides of the top of the table, respectively, to grip both ends of a straight copper wire, and are movably connected to both ends of the hinge extension assembly, respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, the second straight sliding rail and the first straight sliding rail form a pair and are distributed on both sides of the straight module I in order from adjacent positions to positions further apart.

[0008] Furthermore, the movable end forming copper wire folding means includes a module connecting plate fixed to a linear module I, a mounting plate connected to an insertion groove at the top of the module connecting plate via four pillars, a hinge positioning block further fixed to the top of the module connecting plate, a sliding base cylinder mounting plate fixedly attached to the mounting plate, a side plate fixedly attached to the side wall of the sliding base cylinder mounting plate, a push-down cylinder fixedly attached to the right side of the side plate, a biasing rod connected to the output end of the push-down cylinder via a hinge, the end of the biasing rod away from the push-down cylinder hinged to the right side of the side plate, and a fixing clamp block fixedly attached to the side plate on the same side as the biasing rod.

[0009] Furthermore, a movable clamp block that cooperates with the fixed clamp block is slidably provided on the side plate, and a passive block integrally molded with the movable clamp block is provided at the end of the movable clamp block closest to the biasing rod, and the biasing rod engages with a recessed groove opened in the passive block via an integrally molded shift block.

[0010] Furthermore, a sliding cylinder is mounted on the right side of the sliding cylinder mounting plate, a support block is mounted on the output end of the sliding cylinder, a copper wire folding roll suitable for copper wire is mounted inside the support block, and a side-forming guide set is connected to the side of the mounting plate away from the side plate via a mounted guide mounting block, the side-forming guide set includes two side-forming blocks and one side-forming plate, the side-forming plate is located between the two side-forming blocks.

[0011] Furthermore, the hinge extension assembly includes a plurality of upper end forming support parts, a plurality of lower end forming support parts, and a hinge part. Both ends of the hinge part are hinged to hinge positioning blocks in the movable end forming copper wire folding means and the fixed end forming copper wire folding means, respectively. The hinge part is formed by hinged a plurality of corresponding hinge long plates and hinge short plates, which are hinged as a single movable member via the hinge in the order of hinge short plate → hinge long plate → hinge long plate → hinge short plate. The left and right ends and the intersecting end of the two movable members are integrally hinged by a pin axis, forming a conventional scissor rod set structure, and rollers are rotatably connected to the coaxial upper and lower ends of the hinge locations of the two hinge long plates.

[0012] Furthermore, each of the upper end forming support sections includes an upper end forming support plate and an upper end forming bottom plate, and each of the lower end forming support sections includes a lower end forming support plate and a lower end forming bottom plate. An upper end forming positioning block and a linear module II are attached to the top of the upper end forming support plate, and a lower end forming guide set is attached to the top of the lower end forming support plate. A groove is made in the middle of each upper end forming bottom plate, and the hinge end of the movable member located on the upper end forming bottom plate is movablely engaged within the groove.

[0013] Furthermore, a module sliding plate II that fits the linear module II is attached, and symmetrical lower end forming positioning block I and lower end forming positioning block II are attached to the top of the module sliding plate II. An upper end forming guide set, which fits the upper end forming positioning block, is attached to the top of the module sliding plate II. The upper end forming guide set includes two forming guide blocks and one U-shaped forming plate, the U-shaped forming plate being fixed between the two forming guide blocks, and adjacent U-shaped forming plates being positioned alternately and with their directions reversed. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared to the prior art.

[0015] By reducing wasted labor and waiting time, the one-step forming of 2D wave windings can be automatically completed on copper wire in a straight state. The moving means, forming means, moving end forming copper wire folding means, and fixed end forming copper wire folding means cooperate with each other to complete an automatic reset after one forming, which is convenient for preparing for subsequent new copper wire forming. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0016] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the wave winding 2D molding apparatus of the present invention in its initial state. [Figure 2] This is a left side view of the movable end-forming copper wire folding means according to the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a right-side view of the movable end-forming copper wire folding means according to the present invention. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram of the fixed-end formed copper wire folding means according to the present invention. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram of the molding means under the initial state of the present invention. [Figure 6] This is a schematic diagram of the molding means under the molded state of the present invention. [Figure 7] This is a schematic diagram of the planar exploded structure of the molding means in the molded state according to the present invention. [Figure 8] It is a schematic diagram of the structure in the molding state of the molding means in the present invention. [Figure 9] It is a schematic diagram in the fitting state of the upper end molding means and the lower end molding means in the present invention. [Figure 10] It is a schematic diagram of the developed and disassembled structure of the hinge part in the present invention. [Figure 11] It is a schematic diagram of the fitting structure of the biasing rod and the moving clamp block in the present invention. [Figure 12] It is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the upper end molding guide set in the present invention. [Figure 13] It is a schematic diagram in the molding state of the spiral wire 2D molding device of the present invention. [Figure 14] It is a schematic diagram of the positions of the copper wire folding roll and the side forming guide set during the side forming of the copper wire in the present invention. [Figure 15] It is a schematic diagram of the spring reset assembly in the copper wire folding roll in the present invention.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0017] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the device of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the related drawings. The drawings show embodiments of the device. However, this device can be realized in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in this specification. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more complete.

[0018] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "attachment", "connection", and "installation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a fixed installation, a detachable connection, a detachable installation, or an integral connection, or an integral installation. A person skilled in the art can specifically understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention.

[0019] Example As shown in Figures 1 and 6, this embodiment provides a wave winding 2D forming apparatus, which includes a moving means 2 attached to the top of a table 1, a forming means 3 and a moving end forming copper wire folding means 4 attached to and driven by the moving means 2, and a fixed end forming copper wire folding means 5 attached to the top of the table 1 to cooperate with the forming means 3.

[0020] In detail, the moving means 2 includes a linear module I21, two first linear sliding rails 22, and two second linear sliding rails 23. The second linear sliding rails 23 and the first linear sliding rails 22, located on either side of the linear module I21, are distributed in order from adjacent to divergent positions. The linear module I21 reciprocates, moving the movable end-forming copper wire folding means 4, which is attached to the top, to the fixed end-forming copper wire folding means 5, synchronously deforming the forming means 3 between them, and completing the one-step forming of the wave-wound copper wire.

[0021] The operation process is as follows: The movable end-forming copper wire folding means 4 slides toward the fixed end-forming copper wire folding means 5 under the drive of the linear module I21, pushing and deforming the forming means 3 to complete the wave winding of the copper wire.

[0022] in particular, As shown in Figure 2, the movable end forming copper wire folding means 4 includes a module connecting plate 401 fixed to a linear module I21, a mounting plate 403 connected to an insertion groove at the top of the module connecting plate 401 via four pillars 402, a hinge positioning block 404 further fixed to the top of the module connecting plate 401, a sliding cylinder mounting plate 405 fixedly mounted to the mounting plate 403, a side plate 406 fixedly mounted to the side wall of the sliding cylinder mounting plate 405, a push-down cylinder 407 fixedly mounted to the right side of the side plate 406, a biasing rod 408 connected to the output end of the push-down cylinder 407 via a hinge, the end of the biasing rod 408 away from the push-down cylinder 407 hinged to the right side of the side plate 406, and a fixed clamp block 409 fixedly mounted to the side plate 406 on the same side as the biasing rod 408.

[0023] As shown in Figure 11, a movable clamp block 410 that cooperates with a fixed clamp block 409 is slidably provided on the side plate 406, and a passive block 416 integrally molded with the movable clamp block 410 is provided at the end of the movable clamp block 410 closest to the biasing rod 408, and the biasing rod 408 engages with a groove 417 opened in the passive block 416 via an integrally molded shift block 418, thereby realizing the function of the biasing rod 408 synchronously moving the passive block 416.

[0024] The operating principle is as follows: A straight copper wire is passed through one side of the movable end-forming copper wire folding means 4 and through the other side of the fixed end-forming copper wire folding means 5. After the copper wire has passed through, the push-down cylinder 407 operates and pushes down the hinged biasing rod 408. The end of the biasing rod 408 away from the push-down cylinder 407 rotates and bends, and pushes the movable clamp block 410 against the fixed clamp block 409, causing them to slide. The movable clamp block 410 and the fixed clamp block 409 move closer to each other, clamping the copper wire and preparing it for the stable shaping of the subsequent copper wire.

[0025] As shown in Figure 3, a sliding cylinder 411 is mounted on the right side of the sliding cylinder mounting plate 405, and a support block 412 is mounted on the output end of the sliding cylinder 411. The support block 412 is a separate design, and a copper wire folding roll 413 that fits the copper wire is mounted between the two separate parts. On the side of the mounting plate 403 away from the side plate 406, a side forming guide set 415 is connected via a guide mounting block 414. The side forming guide set 415 includes two side guide blocks 4151 and one side forming plate 4152, the side forming plate 4152 is located between the two side guide blocks 4151 and is used to limit and form the copper wire. The working end of the side forming plate 4152 is a slope that fits the forming means 3.

[0026] The operating principle is as follows: As shown in Figure 14, when folding the side of the copper wire, the sliding cylinder 411 operates and extends, then pushes the support block 412, bringing it closer to the copper wire held by the moving clamp block 410. The copper wire folding roll 413 works in cooperation with the side-shaping guide set 415 to fold the straight side of the copper wire at a right angle. The shape of the copper wire side is shown in Figures 6 and 8.

[0027] As shown in Figure 4, the fixed-end forming copper wire folding means 5 has the same structure as the movable-end forming copper wire folding means 4, is symmetrical to the movable-end forming copper wire folding means 4, and is hinged to both the left and right ends of the forming means 3.

[0028] The molding means 3 includes a plurality of upper end molding assemblies 31, a plurality of lower end molding assemblies 32, and a hinge extension assembly 33. The plurality of upper end molding assemblies 31 and the plurality of lower end molding assemblies 32 are each attached to correspond to the hinge ends of the hinge extension assembly 33, and their positions move in accordance with the extension and contraction of the hinge extension assembly 33. Specifically, it is as follows:

[0029] As shown in Figure 10, the hinge extension assembly 33 includes a plurality of upper end molded support parts 331, a plurality of lower end molded support parts 332, and a hinge part 333. The hinge part 333 is formed by hinged a plurality of corresponding hinge long plates 3331 and hinge short plates 3332, and the two movable members are hinged together as a single movable member via the hinge in the order of hinge short plate 3332 → hinge long plate 3331 → hinge long plate 3331 → hinge short plate 3332. The left and right ends and the intersecting end of the two movable members are integrally hinged by a pin axis, forming a conventional scissor rod set structure. Both ends of the hinge portion 333 are hinged to the hinge positioning blocks 404 in the movable end forming copper wire folding means 4 and the fixed end forming copper wire folding means 5, respectively, and rollers 3333 are rotatably connected to the coaxial upper and lower ends of the hinge portions of the two hinge long plates 3331.

[0030] As shown in Figures 7-9, each upper end forming support section 331 includes an upper end forming support plate 3311 and an upper end forming bottom plate 3312, and each lower end forming support section 332 includes a lower end forming support plate 3321 and a lower end forming bottom plate 3322. The upper end forming support plate 3311 is fixedly attached to the top of the upper end forming bottom plate 3312, and the lower end forming support plate 3321 is slidably attached to two second linear sliding rails 23 spanning the linear module I21. An upper end forming positioning block 3313 and linear module II 3314 are attached to the top of the upper end forming support plate 3311.

[0031] However, a groove 3317 is provided in the middle of each upper molded bottom plate 3312, and the hinge end of the movable member located on the upper molded bottom plate 3312 should be movablely engaged within the groove 3317.

[0032] A corresponding module sliding plate II3315 is attached to the linear module II3314, and symmetrical lower end forming positioning blocks I3323 and II3324 are attached to the top of the module sliding plate II3315. However, there are only two lower end forming positioning blocks II3324, and they only need to be provided on the outermost edges of all module sliding plates II3315. The operating surface of the lower end forming positioning block II3324 is an inclined surface and is used in cooperation with the copper wire folding roll 413 to limit the copper wire and form it at a right angle. However, a spring reset assembly is further attached to the end of the copper wire folding roll 413 away from the side forming guide set 415, thereby providing an elastic reset action relative to the rotation axis within the copper wire folding roll 413 and further stabilizing the copper wire bending operation. A lower end forming guide set 3325 is attached to the top of the lower end forming support plate 3321, which fits with the lower end forming positioning blocks I3323 on both sides and is intended to achieve the purpose of forming the copper wire into a wave shape.

[0033] An upper end forming guide set 3316, which fits the upper end forming positioning block 3313, is attached to the top of the module sliding plate II 3315. As shown in Figure 12, the upper end forming guide set 3316 consists of two forming guide blocks 3316a and one U-shaped forming plate 3316b, the U-shaped forming plate 3316b is fixed between the two forming guide blocks 3316a. However, adjacent U-shaped forming plates 3316b are arranged to be alternately offset in position and reversed in direction, thereby achieving the purpose of forming the copper wire into a wave shape. The operation process is as follows: The upper end forming guide set 3316 and the lower end forming guide set 3325 are aligned with the straight copper wire in an unbent state. During the forming process, the copper wire is placed between the two forming guide blocks 3316a, so that each U-shaped forming plate 3316b is convenient for extruding the straight copper wire.

[0034] In the wave winding 2D forming apparatus of this embodiment, before operation, as shown in Figure 1, the movable end forming copper wire folding means 4 is slidably mounted on the linear module I21. When the linear module I21 moves and approaches the fixed end forming copper wire folding means 5, it pushes and contracts the hinge extension assembly 33, that is, it pushes the hinge short plate 3332 to press against the hinge long plate 3331, causing the two rollers 3333 on the hinge long plate 3331 to move apart from each other, bringing the lower end forming assembly 32 and the upper end forming assembly 31 closer together, thereby achieving wave winding.

[0035] Simultaneously, as shown in Figure 13, the upper end forming guide set 3316 in the upper end forming assembly 31 approaches the upper end forming positioning block 3313 under the action of the linear module II 3314, and at the same time, the lower end forming positioning block I 3323 and the lower end forming positioning block II 3324 approach the lower end forming guide set 3325 and the side forming guide set 415, respectively, thereby achieving one-step forming of the corrugated copper wire.

[0036] Finally, the resetting of the moving means 2 causes the moving end-forming copper wire folding means 4 to move away from the fixed end-forming copper wire folding means 5, pulling the hinge short plate 3332 hinged to the moving end-forming copper wire folding means 4, and causing the two rollers 3333 hinged to the ends of the hinge long plate 3331 to move closer to each other, thereby enabling the unfolding of the hinge extension assembly 33 and preparing it for the next forming.

[0037] Furthermore, the structure of the present invention can be realized in multiple different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent transformation performed by those skilled in the art using the description and drawings of the present invention, or any application of such equivalent transformation directly or indirectly to other related technical fields (e.g., the field of attaching and detaching other articles), is within the scope of protection of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0038] 1 table 2. Means of transportation 21 Linear Module I 22. First straight sliding rail 23. Second straight sliding rail 3 Molding means 31 Upper end forming assembly 32 Lower end forming assembly 33. Hinged telescopic assembly 331 Upper end molding support part 3311 Upper end forming support plate 3312 Upper end molded bottom plate 3313 Upper end forming positioning block 3314 Straight Module II 3315 Module Sliding Plate II 3316 Upper end forming guide set 3316a Molding guide block 3316b U-shaped molded plate 3317 Groove 332 Lower end molding support part 3321 Lower end molding support plate 3322 Lower end molded bottom plate 3323 Lower end forming positioning block I 3324 Lower end forming positioning block II 3325 Lower end forming guide set 333 Hinge section 3331 Hinged long plate 3332 Hinge short plate 3333 Roller 4. Moving end forming copper wire folding means 401 Module Connection Board 402 Pillar 403 Mounting plate 404 Hinge positioning block 405 Sliding base cylinder mounting plate 406 Side panel 407 Push-down cylinder 408 Boosting Rod 409 Fixed clamp block 410 Mobile Clamp Block 411 Sliding base cylinder 412 Support Block 413 Copper wire folding roll 414 Guide mounting block 415 Side Forming Guide Set 4151 Side guide block 4152 Side molded plate 416 Passive Block 417 Groove 418 Shift Block 5 Fixed end forming copper wire folding means

Claims

1. A 2D wave winding forming apparatus, The system includes a table (1), a moving means (2) attached to the top of the table (1), a forming means (3) and a moving end forming copper wire folding means (4) attached to and driven by the moving means (2), and a fixed end forming copper wire folding means (5) attached to the top of the table (1) for cooperating with the forming means (3), The moving means (2) includes a linear module I (21), two first linear sliding rails (22), and two second linear sliding rails (23), The molding means (3) includes a plurality of upper end molding assemblies (31), a plurality of lower end molding assemblies (32), and a hinge extension assembly (33), wherein the plurality of upper end molding assemblies (31) and the plurality of lower end molding assemblies (32) are each attached corresponding to the hinge ends of the hinge extension assembly (33), and their positions move in accordance with the extension and contraction of the hinge extension assembly (33). The movable end forming copper wire folding means (4) includes a module connecting plate (401) fixed to a linear module I (21), a mounting plate (403) connected to an insertion groove at the top of the module connecting plate (401) via four pillars (402), a hinge positioning block (404) further fixed to the top of the module connecting plate (401), a sliding base cylinder mounting plate (405) fixedly attached to the mounting plate (403), and a side plate (406) for the sliding base cylinder The mounting plate (405) is fixedly attached to the side wall, the push-down cylinder (407) is fixedly attached to the right side of the side plate (406), the output end of the push-down cylinder (407) is connected to the biasing rod (408) via a hinge, the end of the biasing rod (408) away from the push-down cylinder (407) is hinged to the right side of the side plate (406), and the fixing clamp block (409) is fixedly attached to the side plate (406) on the same side as the biasing rod (408). The hinge extension assembly (33) includes a plurality of upper end forming support parts (331), a plurality of lower end forming support parts (332), and a hinge part (333), the ends of which are hinged to hinge positioning blocks (404) in the movable end forming copper wire folding means (4) and the fixed end forming copper wire folding means (5), respectively, and the hinge part (333) is made up of a plurality of corresponding hinge long plates (3331) and hinge short plates (3332) It is a hinge, and the hinge is formed in the order of hinge short plate (3332) → hinge long plate (3331) → hinge long plate (3331) → hinge short plate (3332) as a single movable member via the hinge, and the left and right ends and the intersecting end of the two movable members are integrally hinged by a pin shaft, forming a scissor rod set structure, and rollers (3333) are rotatably connected to the coaxial upper and lower ends of the hinge portion of the two hinge long plates (3331). The wave winding 2D forming apparatus is characterized in that the movable end forming copper wire folding means (4) has the same structure as the fixed end forming copper wire folding means (5), and both are symmetrically mounted on the left and right sides of the top of the table (1) to clamp both ends of a straight copper wire, and are movably connected to both ends of the hinge extension assembly (33).

2. The wave winding 2D forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the second linear sliding rail (23) and the first linear sliding rail (22) are a pair and are distributed on both sides of the linear module I (21) in order from adjacent positions to positions that move away from each other.

3. A movable clamp block (410) that cooperates with a fixed clamp block (409) is slidably provided on the side plate (406), and a passive block (416) integrally molded with the movable clamp block (410) is provided at the end of the movable clamp block (410) near the biasing rod (408), and the biasing rod (408) engages with a recessed groove (417) opened in the passive block (416) via an integrally molded shift block (418), characterized in that the wave winding wire 2D forming apparatus according to claim 2.

4. A sliding cylinder (411) is mounted on the right side of the sliding cylinder mounting plate (405), a support block (412) is mounted on the output end of the sliding cylinder (411), a copper wire folding roll (413) suitable for copper wire is mounted inside the support block (412), and a side-edge forming guide set (415) is connected to the side of the mounting plate (403) away from the side plate (406) via a guide mounting block (414) to be mounted, the side-edge forming guide set (415) includes two side-edge guide blocks (4151) and one side-edge forming plate (4152), the side-edge forming plate (4152) is located between the two side-edge guide blocks (4151), characterized in that the wave winding 2D forming apparatus according to claim 2.

5. The wave winding 2D molding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the upper end forming support sections (331) includes an upper end forming support plate (3311) and an upper end forming bottom plate (3312), each of the lower end forming support sections (332) includes a lower end forming support plate (3321) and a lower end forming bottom plate (3322), an upper end forming positioning block (3313) and a linear module II (3314) are attached to the top of the upper end forming support plate (3311), a lower end forming guide set (3325) is attached to the top of the lower end forming support plate (3321), a groove (3317) is opened in the middle of each upper end forming bottom plate (3312), and the hinge end of the movable member located on the upper end forming bottom plate (3312) is movablely engaged within the groove (3317).

6. A compatible module sliding plate II (3315) is attached to the linear module II (3314), and symmetrical lower end forming positioning block I (3323) and lower end forming positioning block II (3324) are attached to the top of the module sliding plate II (3315). The wave winding 2D forming apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that an upper end forming guide set (3316) that fits an upper end forming positioning block (3313) is attached to the top of the module sliding plate II (3315), the upper end forming guide set (3316) includes two forming guide blocks (3316a) and one U-shaped forming plate (3316b), the U-shaped forming plate (3316b) is fixed between the two forming guide blocks (3316a), and adjacent U-shaped forming plates (3316b) are arranged to alternately shift positions and reverse directions.

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