Terminal, wireless communication method and system

Abstract

To achieve optimal overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization. [Solution] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives information regarding the location of an antenna reference point of a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) using LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages, and a control unit that controls Artificial Intelligence (AI) based positioning based on the information regarding the location of the antenna reference point.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and systems in next-generation mobile communication systems. [Background technology]

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel.10-14) was specified for the aim of further increasing capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel.15 and later, etc.) are also being considered. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0006] For example, channel state information (CSI) feedback that can be used for beam prediction is being considered.

[0007] However, the definition of CSI in cases where beam prediction can be used has not been sufficiently considered. If these considerations are insufficient, appropriate overhead reduction, high-precision channel estimation, and efficient resource utilization may not be achieved, potentially hindering improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, wireless communication method, and system that can achieve suitable overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of this disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives information regarding the location of an antenna reference point of a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) using LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages, and a control unit that controls Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based positioning based on the information regarding the location of the antenna reference point. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, suitable overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization can be achieved.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the bit widths of parameters included in the CSI report defined up to Rel. 17. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a framework for managing an AI model. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of specifying an AI model. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a UE positioning method. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a UE positioning method. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a UE positioning method. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a UE positioning method. [Figure 8] FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing an example of spatial domain beam prediction and time domain beam prediction, respectively. [Figure 9] FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing an example of a beam information reception process according to Embodiment 1-1. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a beam information reception process according to Embodiment 2-1. [Figure 11] FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams showing an example of a beam report according to Embodiment 3-1. [Figure 12] FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrams showing another example of a beam report according to Embodiment 3-1. [Figure 13] FIGS. 13A and 13B are diagrams showing another example of a beam report according to Embodiment 3-1. [Figure 14] FIGS. 14A and 14B are diagrams showing another example of a beam report according to Embodiment 3-1. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. [Figure 16]FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0012] (CSI report (CSI report or reporting)) In Rel. 15 / 16 NR, a terminal (also referred to as a user terminal, User Equipment (UE), etc.) generates (also referred to as determines, calculates, estimates, measures, etc.) channel state information (CSI) based on a reference signal (RS) (or a resource for the RS), and transmits (also referred to as reports, feedbacks, etc.) the generated CSI to a network (e.g., a base station). The CSI may be transmitted to the base station using, for example, an uplink control channel (e.g., Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)) or an uplink shared channel (e.g., Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)).

[0013] The RS used for generating CSI may be at least one of, for example, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block, a synchronization signal (SS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc.

[0014] The CSI-RS may include at least one of Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS and CSI-Interference Management (CSI-IM). The SS / PBCH block is a block that includes SS and PBCH (and the corresponding DMRS), and may be called an SS block (SSB), etc. The SS may also include at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS).

[0015] Furthermore, CSI may include at least one of the following: Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), Layer Indicator (LI), Rank Indicator (RI), L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), L1-RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), L1-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), and L1-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio).

[0016] The UE may receive information regarding CSI reporting (report configuration information) and control CSI reporting based on said report configuration information. Such report configuration information may be, for example, the "CSI-ReportConfig" information element (IE) of Radio Resource Control (RRC). In this disclosure, RRC IE may be interpreted interchangeably with RRC parameters, higher layer parameters, etc.

[0017] The reporting configuration information (for example, "CSI-ReportConfig" in RRC IE) may include at least one of the following: • Information regarding the type of CSI report (report type information, e.g., "reportConfigType" in RRC IE) • Information regarding one or more CSI quantities (one or more CSI parameters) to be reported (report quantity information, e.g., "reportQuantity" in RRC IE) • Information regarding the RS resource used to generate the quantity (the CSI parameter) in question (resource information, for example, "CSI-ResourceConfigId" in RRC IE). • Information regarding the frequency domain covered by the CSI report (frequency domain information, for example, "reportFreqConfiguration" in RRC IE)

[0018] For example, the reporting type information may indicate a periodic CSI (P-CSI) report, an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) report, or a semi-persistent CSI (SP-CSI) report.

[0019] Furthermore, the reported quantity information may specify at least one combination of the above CSI parameters (e.g., CRI, RI, PMI, CQI, LI, L1-RSRP, etc.).

[0020] In Rel.17, the CRI / SSBRI fields are determined based on the number of CSI-RS resources or SS / PBCH blocks in the resource set, respectively (see Figure 1).

[0021] Furthermore, Rel.17 includes information about the CRI / SSBRI / L1-RSRP / L1-SINR and the corresponding panel in the CSI report. This information may also be called the Capability Index and has a bit width of 2 bits (see Figure 1).

[0022] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to wireless communication) Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0023] For example, AI technology is being considered for future wireless communication technologies to improve Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI) feedback (e.g., overhead reduction, accuracy improvement, prediction), beam management (e.g., accuracy improvement, prediction in the spatiotemporal domain), and position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0024] Figure 2 shows an example of an AI model management framework. In this example, each stage related to the AI ​​model is shown as a block. This example can also be described as AI model lifecycle management.

[0025] The data collection stage is the phase in which data is collected for the generation / updating of an AI model. The data collection stage may also include data organization (e.g., deciding which data to transfer for model training / model inference) and data transfer (e.g., transferring data to entities that will be trained / inferred (e.g., UE, gNB)).

[0026] In the model training stage, the model is trained based on the data (training data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model training / validation, model testing (e.g., verifying whether the trained model meets performance thresholds), model exchange (e.g., transferring the model for distributed learning), and model deployment / update (deploying / updating the model to entities that perform model inference).

[0027] In the model inference stage, model inference is performed based on the data (inference data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, and transformation), model inference, model monitoring (e.g., monitoring the performance of the model inference), model performance feedback (feeding back model performance to the entities training the model), and output (providing the model output to the actors).

[0028] The actor stage may include action triggers (e.g., deciding whether or not to trigger an action on another entity), feedback (e.g., providing feedback on training data / inference data / information needed for performance feedback), etc.

[0029] Furthermore, training a model for mobility optimization, for example, may be performed in a network (NW) maintenance, administration, and maintenance (Management) (OAM) / gNodeB (gNB). The former offers advantages in terms of interoperability, large-capacity storage, operator manageability, and model flexibility (feature engineering, etc.). The latter offers advantages in that it eliminates the need for model update latency and data exchange for model deployment. Inference of the above model may be performed in a gNB, for example.

[0030] Furthermore, the entities used for training / inference may differ depending on the use case.

[0031] For example, in AI-assisted beam management based on measurement reports, OAM / gNB may perform model training and gNB may perform model inference.

[0032] For AI-assisted UE-assisted positioning, a Location Management Function (LMF) may perform model training and model inference.

[0033] For CSI feedback / channel estimation using an autoencoder, the OAM / gNB / UE may perform model training, and the gNB / UE may perform model inference (jointly).

[0034] For AI-assisted beam management or AI-assisted UE-based positioning based on beam measurements, the OAM / gNB / UE may perform model training and the UE may perform model inference.

[0035] Incidentally, it is desirable that data / AI models be treated as proprietary assets. For example, creating highly accurate AI models is extremely costly and time-consuming, so if the contents of an AI model created by one company become known to another company, it can result in significant disadvantages. For this reason, consideration is being given to making some information about AI models unavailable (or making it impossible to infer) for UE / gNBs provided by different vendors.

[0036] An identifier (ID)-based model approach could be one way to manage AI models in such scenarios. For example, a network / gNB might not know the details of an AI model, but only some information about it (e.g., which ML models are being used for what purpose in the UE) for AI model management purposes.

[0037] Figure 3 shows an example of specifying an AI model. In this example, the UE and NW (for example, the base station (BS)) can recognize models #1 and #2 (they do not need to fully understand the details of the models). The UE may report the performance of model #1 and model #2 to the NW, and the NW may instruct the UE on which AI model to use.

[0038] 《UE positioning using AI technology》 Fingerprinting localization, which estimates the location of wireless devices using the propagation characteristics of wireless signals, is widely used in both Line of Site (LOS) and Non-Line of Site (NLOS) scenarios.

[0039] In this disclosure, LOS may mean that the UE and the base station are in a line of sight to each other (or there are no obstructions), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the base station are not in a line of sight to each other (or there are obstructions).

[0040] In fingerprint localization, the location of an UE is estimated based on a database / AI model using fingerprints of the UE's multiple transmission paths (multipath).

[0041] Multipath information may also include, for example, information regarding the angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) of the signal in the optimal / candidate transmission path.

[0042] In this disclosure, AoA information may include, for example, information on at least one of the azimuth angles of arrival and the zenith angles of arrival. Similarly, AoD information may include, for example, information on at least one of the azimuth angles of departure and the zenith angles of departure.

[0043] 3GPP Rel.16 NR supports the following positioning technologies: • Positioning based on DL / UL Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) • Positioning based on angles (DL AoD / UL AoA) • Positioning based on multi-round trip time (RTT) • Positioning based on Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID)

[0044] Figure 4 shows an example of positioning based on DL / UL TDOA. For example, consider a case where multiple base stations (TRP#0-#2) are positioned around a UE. In this positioning method, the position of the UE is estimated (measured) using the measured Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) of the time difference between the reception of the reference signals. For example, the RSTD(T i -T j ) has a value (k i,j Connecting the points that take the ) form a hyperbola H i,j This can be drawn. The intersection points of multiple such hyperbolas (in this example, H 0,1、 H 1,2、 H 2,0 The intersection of the two signals may be estimated as the location of the UE. Additionally, the RSRP of the reference signal may be used to estimate the location of the UE.

[0045] Figure 5 shows an example of positioning based on DL AoD / UL AoA. In this positioning method, the UE's position is estimated using DL AoD measurements (e.g., θ or φ) or UL AoA measurements (e.g., θ or φ). Alternatively, the UE's position may be estimated using RSRP.

[0046] Figure 6 shows an example of positioning based on multiple RTTs. In this positioning method, the location of the UE is estimated using multiple RTTs calculated from the Tx / Rx time difference of the reference signal (and additionally RSRP, RSRQ, etc.). For example, geometric circles based on RTTs can be drawn centered on each base station. The intersection of these multiple circles may be estimated as the location of the UE.

[0047] Figure 7 shows an example of positioning based on E-CID. In this positioning method, the location of the UE is estimated based on the geometric position of the serving cell and additional measurement results (Tx-Rx time difference, RSRP, RSRQ, etc.).

[0048] The positioning in DL (DL TDOA, DL AoD) described above may be performed on the UE side or the LMF side. For example, in UE-based positioning, the UE may calculate its position based on various measurement results from the UE and assistance information from the LMF. Alternatively, in UE-assisted positioning, the UE may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE's position. The assistance information may be information to assist in estimating the UE's position.

[0049] The positioning in UL (UL TDOA, UL AoA) described above may be performed by the LMF. In this case, the base station may report the various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the position of the UE.

[0050] The positioning in DL and UL (Multi-RTT, E-CID) described above may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the UE / base station may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE's position.

[0051] Furthermore, 3GPP Rel.17 proposes a positioning method using assist information to further improve positioning accuracy. The assist information may be transmitted between the UE, base station, and LMF as measurement information for DL / UL-TDOA, DL-AoD / UL-AoA, multi-RTT, and E-CID as described above.

[0052] The assistance information may include information about at least one of the following: • Timing Error Group (TEG) • RSRPP (path-specific RSRP) • Expected angle Adjacent beam information, • TRP antenna (placement / configuration) / beam information, LOS / NLOS indicator, • Additional path report.

[0053] The TEG may indicate one or more PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) resources whose transmit / receive timing errors (Rx / Tx timing errors) are within a certain margin.

[0054] RSRPP may show the measurement result of RSRP in the first pass.

[0055] In UL positioning, the assist information regarding the expected angle may indicate the expected UL-AoA / ZoA. This assist information may be transmitted from the LMF to the base station. Furthermore, this assist information may support at least one positioning method from among UL TDOA, UL AoA, and multi-RTT.

[0056] In DL positioning, the assist information regarding the expected angle may include information regarding the expected DL-AoA / ZoA or DL-AoD / ZoD. This assist information may be transmitted from the LMF to the UE. Furthermore, this assist information may support at least one of the positioning methods: DL TDOA, DL AoA, and multi-RTT. This improves the accuracy of angle-based UE positioning and allows for optimization of Rx beamforming at the UE or base station.

[0057] Furthermore, the assist information regarding the predicted angle may include not only the values ​​of AoA / ZoA / AoD / ZoD themselves as described above, but also information indicating the range of uncertainty for these values.

[0058] As additional beam information, adjacent beam information may include a subset of DL-PRS resources for prioritizing DL-AoD reports (Option 1), or information regarding the boresight direction of each DL-PRS resource (Option 2). This allows for optimization of UE Rx beam sweeping and DL-AoD measurements.

[0059] Additionally, the assist information may include PRS beam pattern information as extra beam information. This PRS beam pattern information may include information on the relative power between DL-PRS resources for each angle for each TRP.

[0060] The LOS / NLOS indicator may provide information regarding Line of Site (LOS) and Non-Line of Site (NLOS).

[0061] Furthermore, in order to improve the positioning delay of the UE, pre-configured measurement gaps (MG), MG activation via lower layers, MG-less position, PRS Rx / Tx in RRC_INACTIVE state, or on-demand PRS may be set for the UE (or used by the UE).

[0062] 《Beam information for UE positioning》 As mentioned above, antenna (placement) settings / beam information is considered useful for AI / ML models.

[0063] The following scenarios A and B are possible in which antenna (placement) settings / beam information will be used.

[0064] [Scenario A] Based on antenna settings, frequency, and area, a more appropriate AI model is selected.

[0065] [Scenario B] The AI ​​model requires metadata (antenna configuration information / beam information) as input to provide better performance.

[0066] Existing specifications support the use of assist information from base station (gNB) beam information from the network (NW) to the UE solely for positioning purposes.

[0067] The following are being considered for future wireless communication methods: • Using beam information for beam management. Beam information is used in interfaces other than positioning protocols (e.g., LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)). • RS beam information other than the Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) is used for positioning. • The beam information of the UE (Unified Element) is used.

[0068] Rel.17 supports beam information from the LMF to the UE (beam information for UE-based positioning, information about the base station's transmitted beam), which includes beam information indicating the beam direction (boresight direction) for each PRS. This beam information may also be information indicating the boresight direction for each PRS.

[0069] The beam information indicating the direction of the beam for each PRS is the "DL-PRS-BeamInfoElement" included in the common NR positioning information element "NR-DL-PRS-BeamInfo".

[0070] The "DL-PRS-BeamInfoElement" contains information regarding the azimuth angle and elevation angle of the beam transmitted from the base station (TRP).

[0071] Information regarding the azimuth angle is provided as "dl-PRS-Azimuth" and "dl-PRS-Azimuth-fine". "dl-PRS-Azimuth" is expressed in 1° increments, with values ​​ranging from 0° to 359°, while "dl-PRS-Azimuth-fine" is expressed in 0.1° increments, with values ​​ranging from 0° to 0.9°.

[0072] Information regarding the elevation angle is provided as "dl-PRS-Elevation" and "dl-PRS-Elevation-fine". "dl-PRS-Elevation" is a granularity of 1° units and is shown as a value from 0° to 180°, while "dl-PRS-Elevation-fine" is a granularity of 0.1° units and is shown as a value from 0° to 0.9°.

[0073] Furthermore, Rel.17 supports beam information from the LMF to the UE (UE-based positioning beam information, information about the base station's transmitted beam), which includes beam information showing the relative power of the DL PRS at each angle (azimuth / elevation).

[0074] The beam information indicating the relative power is included in the TRP beam antenna information ("NR-TRP-BeamAntennaInfo") within the common NR positioning information element.

[0075] "NR-TRP-BeamAntennaInfo" includes "NR-TRP-BeamAntennaInfoAzimuthElevation," which contains information about the TRP beam antenna for azimuth and elevation angles.

[0076] "NR-TRP-BeamAntennaInfoAzimuthElevation" includes "azimuth," which indicates the azimuth angle of particle size in 1° units, "azimuth-fine," which indicates the azimuth angle of particle size in 0.1° units, and "elevationList," a list of elevation angles.

[0077] The elevation angle list "elevationList" includes "elevation" which shows elevation angles in 1° increments, "elevation-fine" which shows elevation angles in 0.1° increments, and the beam power list "beamPowerList".

[0078] The beam power list "beamPowerList" includes "nr-dl-prs-ResourceSetID" which indicates the DL PRS resource set ID, "nr-dl-prs-ResourceID" which indicates the DL PRS resource ID, "nr-dl-prs-RelativePower" which indicates the relative power of the resources given by "nr-dl-prs-ResourceID" at a granularity of 1 dB, and "nr-dl-prs-RelativePowerFine" which indicates the relative power of the resources given by "nr-dl-prs-ResourceID" at a granularity of 0.1 dB.

[0079] Furthermore, Rel.17 supports information indicating the antenna reference point (ARP) as beam (antenna) information (information about the base station's transmit beam) from the LMF to the UE.

[0080] This information is indicated by "referencePoint" within "NR-TRP-LocationInfo," which is the TRP location information of the common NR positioning information element.

[0081] The TRP location information, "NR-TRP-LocationInfo," is represented by the relative position between two reference points.

[0082] The ARP location of a PRS resource is expressed as a relative location associated with the ARP location of the PRS resource set.

[0083] The antenna reference point is indicated by altitude, latitude, and longitude.

[0084] Furthermore, Rel.17 supports information regarding the spatial orientation of DL PRS as information (information regarding the base station's transmit beam) from the base station (e.g., gNB, NG-RAN (Next Generation-Radio Access Network) node) to the LMF.

[0085] This information includes information indicating the boresight direction of the PRS resource's azimuth and elevation angles.

[0086] Furthermore, this information includes transition information from the local coordinate system (LCS) to the global coordinate system (GCS).

[0087] A GCS may be defined for a system including multiple base stations and multiple UEs. Additionally, an array antenna may be defined in the LCS for one base station or one UE.

[0088] The LCS is used as a reference to define the vector far-field of each antenna element in the array. This vector far-field consists of the pattern and polarization. The arrangement of the array within the GCS may be defined by a GCS-LCS conversion. The GCS / LCS may be derived, for example, based on definitions and conversion formulas that are recognizable to those skilled in the art (as specified in the specifications).

[0089] Furthermore, Rel.17 supports information indicating the TRP beam / antenna as information from the base station (e.g., gNB) to the LMF (information about the base station's transmit beam).

[0090] This information includes information showing the relative power of the DL PRS at each angle (azimuth angle / elevation angle).

[0091] Furthermore, Rel.17 supports information from the base station (e.g., gNB) to the LMF (information about the base station's received beam), including information about the received beam during UL signal measurement.

[0092] This information includes at least one of the PRS resource ID, PRS resource set ID, and SSB index.

[0093] Furthermore, Rel.17 supports spatial relationship information as information transmitted from the UE to the NW (information about the UE's transmitted beam).

[0094] This information indicates the ID / index of a specific RS (e.g., SSB / CSI-RS / SRS / DL PRS).

[0095] Furthermore, Rel.17 specifies the number of beams a UE receives in beam sweeping for positioning. The UE may report its capabilities to the LMF.

[0096] For example, in FR1, the UE uses one receiving beam.

[0097] Furthermore, in FR2, if the UE supports a specific UE capability, it uses the number of beams indicated by the "numberOfRxBeamSweepingFactor" information, which shows the number of Rx beam sweeping factors for FR2. Otherwise, the UE uses eight receiving beams.

[0098] Additionally, information about the received beam used by the UE for measurement (e.g., "nr-DL-PRS-RxBeamIndex") is supported.

[0099] With regard to this information, if different beams are used within the DL PRS resource set, the UE may report measurements received on the same receiving beam.

[0100] In other words, the beam information transmitted by the UE indicates whether the same beam is being used across resource sets.

[0101] (Beam prediction in beam management) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel.18 and beyond), the introduction of beam management with beam prediction is being considered.

[0102] Among beam prediction methods, spatial domain beam prediction, temporal domain beam prediction, and combinations of these two types of predictions are being investigated.

[0103] Spatial domain beam prediction and temporal domain beam prediction may be performed at least one of the UE and the base station.

[0104] In spatial domain beam prediction, the UE / base station may input measurement results (beam quality, e.g., RSRP) based on a sparse (or thick / broad) beam into the AI ​​model and output a dense (or thin / narrow) beam quality (see Figure 8A).

[0105] In time-domain (temporal) beam forecasting, the UE / BS may input time-series (past, present, etc.) measurement results (beam quality, e.g., RSRP) into an AI model to output future beam quality (see Figure 8B).

[0106] In this disclosure, a sparse (or wide / broad) beam may mean a beam (pattern) that is sparsely distributed in the spatial / angular domain. A dense (or narrow / narrow) beam may mean a beam (pattern) that is densely distributed in the spatial / angular domain.

[0107] Incidentally, in future wireless communication systems (for example, Rel.18 and later), there are plans to transmit beam information / antenna information supported in the above-mentioned positioning to the UE via RRC signaling or similar methods.

[0108] Furthermore, if AI / ML models are used in the network (base station), it is being considered to report beam information from the UE (Union Engine) to the network.

[0109] However, the configuration and control methods for the beam information transmitted to the UE and the beam information transmitted by the UE have not been sufficiently considered. Without adequate consideration of these aspects, it may not be possible to achieve appropriate overhead reduction, high-precision channel estimation, and highly efficient resource utilization, potentially hindering improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0110] Therefore, the inventors have conceived of a suitable configuration / control method for beam information. Note that each embodiment of this disclosure may be applied even when AI / prediction is not used.

[0111] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0112] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0113] In this disclosure, terms such as activate, deactivate, indicate, select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operable may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0114] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Element (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0115] In this disclosure, the upper-layer signaling may be, for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, LPP messages, or a combination thereof.

[0116] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0117] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0118] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0119] In this disclosure, the terms used include: panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmit entity, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), spatial relationship, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CORESET), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), antenna port (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port), antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relationship group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) groups, PUCCH resource groups, resources (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources), resource sets (e.g., reference signal resource sets), CORESET pools, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, quasi-co-location (QCL), QCL assumptions, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0120] In this disclosure, CSI-RS, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS, Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS, and CSI Interference Measurement (CSI-IM) may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, CSI-RS may include other reference signals.

[0121] In this disclosure, the measured / reported RS may mean the RS measured / reported for the CSI report.

[0122] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, slot, subslot, symbol, subframe, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0123] In this disclosure, terms such as direction, axis, dimension, domain, polarization, and polarization component may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0124] In this disclosure, RS may be, for example, CSI-RS, SS / PBCH block (SS block (SSB)), etc. Also, RS index may be a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), SS / PBCH block resource indicator (SSBRI), etc.

[0125] In this disclosure, channel measurement / estimation may be performed using, for example, at least one of the following: a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Synchronization Signal (SS), a Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) block, a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS), or a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).

[0126] In this disclosure, CSI may include at least one of the following: a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), an SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), a Layer Indicator (LI), a Rank Indicator (RI), L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), L1-RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), L1-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), L1-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), information regarding the channel matrix (or channel coefficients), and information regarding the precoding matrix (or precoding coefficients).

[0127] In this disclosure, UCI, CSI report, CSI feedback, feedback information, feedback bits, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, bits, bit sequences, bit series, sequences, values, information, values ​​obtained from bits, information obtained from bits, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0128] In the following embodiments, the relevant entities are the UE and BS to describe an AI model relating to communication between UE and BS, but the application of each embodiment of this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, for communication between other entities (e.g., UE-UE communication), the UE and BS in the embodiments below may be replaced with a first UE and a second UE. In other words, the UE, BS, etc. in this disclosure may all be replaced with any UE / BS.

[0129] (Wireless communication method) In this disclosure, the NW and UE may exchange (transmit / receive) antenna configuration / beam information for specific applications.

[0130] Such specific applications may include, for example, at least one of beam management, AI-based beam management, CSI feedback, and positioning.

[0131] In this disclosure, information relating to antennas, information relating to beams, information relating to antennas / beams, antenna settings, antenna information, beam information, beam settings, transmit (Tx) beam information, receive (Rx) beam information, assistance information, assistance data, metadata, etc., may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0132] In this disclosure, antenna configuration / beam information may be associated with a specific reference signal (RS).

[0133] The specific reference signal may be at least one of SRS, positioning SRS, SSB, CSI-RS, DMRS, TRS, and PRS (DL-PRS / UL-PRS). In this disclosure, SRS, positioning SRS, and UL-PRS may be interchangeable.

[0134] In this disclosure, NW, base station, gNB, and NG-RAN node may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0135] <First Embodiment> In the first embodiment, information regarding antennas / beams transmitted from the network to the user environment (UE) is described.

[0136] The UE may receive information about the base station's antenna / beam from the NW.

[0137] Embodiment 1-1 Embodiment 1-1 describes the reception control of base station antenna / beam information at the UE.

[0138] The UE / NW may follow at least one of the following options 1-1-1 and 1-1-2.

[0139] [Option 1-1-1] The UE may request information about the base station's antenna / beam (which may also be called beam information). In other words, the UE may send a request for base station beam information.

[0140] The request may be submitted in accordance with the method described in Supplement 3 below.

[0141] The UE may include in the request information regarding the granularity of the requested beam information.

[0142] The granularity information may include at least one of the following: information regarding the beam angle (e.g., azimuth angle / elevation angle), information regarding the beam's (relative / absolute) power, and information regarding the granularity of the ARP / TRP / base station location.

[0143] The information regarding the granularity of the beam angle may be, for example, at least one of information expressed in a first granularity (e.g., in units of 1°) and information expressed in a second granularity (e.g., in units of 0.1°).

[0144] Information regarding the granularity of the beam power may be, for example, at least one of information expressed at a first granularity (e.g., in units of 1 dB) and information expressed at a second granularity (e.g., in units of 0.1 dB).

[0145] Information regarding the granularity of ARP / TRP / base station location may, for example, be information indicating the number of bits (sequence) of information representing the location (spatial distance) of the ARP / TRP / base station.

[0146] The UE may include in the request information to identify the RS (resource) of the requested beam information.

[0147] The information used to identify the RS may include, for example, at least one of the following: RS resource ID, RS resource set ID, TRP information, DL PRS ID (dl-PRS-ID), frequency layer, and serving cell ID.

[0148] The UE may include in the request information indicating the type of beam information to be reported. The types of beam information are described in detail below in Embodiment 1-2.

[0149] For example, a UE may submit the request by submitting a PRACH containing a specific PRACH resource. Alternatively, for example, a UE may submit the request by submitting a report of UE capability information.

[0150] The UE may receive a response to the request from the NW.

[0151] The UE may receive beam information after receiving the response. Alternatively, the UE may receive beam information along with the response.

[0152] The UE may receive the response in accordance with the method described in Supplement 2 below.

[0153] The UE may assume that the response contains information indicating a failure to detect / receive the request (Option 1-1-1-1). The UE may receive a response that contains information indicating a failure to detect / receive the request.

[0154] Information indicating a failure to detect / receive a request may include information indicating one or more reasons for the error (error cause / reason). The reasons for the error may be specified in advance in the specifications.

[0155] The reason for the error may be at least one of the following: failure to receive assist information, failure to measure any TRP, failure to measure adjacent cells, insufficient signal for measuring the angle of the DL signal, failure to receive position calculation assist information, or an undefined reason.

[0156] Based on the reason for the error indicated in the response, the UE may decide whether to resend the request or abandon sending the request.

[0157] The UE may assume that the response contains beam information (Option 1-1-1-2). The UE may receive a response that contains beam information.

[0158] If the UE does not receive the response within a certain period of time, it may determine that the NW failed to receive the request (Option 1-1-1-3). The UE may decide, based on certain rules, whether to resend the request to the NW or to abandon sending the request.

[0159] Figure 9A is a diagram showing an example of the beam information reception process according to Embodiment 1-1. In the example shown in Figure 9A, the UE first sends a request for beam information to the NW(gNB) (step S901). Then, the UE receives a response to the request from the NW(gNB) (step S902) and receives the beam information.

[0160] [Option 1-1-2] In option 1-1-2, the UE does not need to send the request in option 1-1-1 above.

[0161] The UE may receive beam information in accordance with at least one of the following options 1-1-2-1 to 1-1-2-3.

[0162] [[Option 1-1-2-1]] The UE may receive beam information based on the method described in Supplement 2 below.

[0163] The beam information received by the UE may be UE-specific (dedicated) signaling.

[0164] The UE may receive beam information after reporting its corresponding UE capabilities to the NW.

[0165] Option 1-1-2-1 can improve resource utilization efficiency when a large number of UEs do not require beam information.

[0166] [[Option 1-1-2-2]] The UE may receive beam information using system information. In other words, such beam information may be included in the system information.

[0167] The system information may be, for example, SIB X (where X is any integer, for example, 1).

[0168] According to option 1-1-2-2, resource utilization efficiency can be improved when a large number of UEs require beam information.

[0169] [[Option 1-1-2-3]] A UE may receive beam information using a group-wide (common to multiple UEs) signaling system. In other words, the beam information may be included in the group-wide (common to multiple UEs) signaling system.

[0170] The signaling common to the group (common to multiple UEs) may, for example, be a multicast / broadcast signal.

[0171] The broadcast signals (e.g., PDSCH, group-common PDCCH) may be scheduled in, for example, a DCI format for broadcasting (DCI format 4_0).

[0172] Multicast signals (e.g., PDSCH, group-common PDCCH) may be scheduled in a DCI format for multicast (DCI format 4_1 / 4_2), for example.

[0173] Option 1-1-2-3 can improve resource utilization efficiency when a large number of UEs require beam information.

[0174] Figure 9B shows another example of the beam information reception process according to Embodiment 1-1. In the example shown in Figure 9B, the UE receives beam information from the NW(gNB) without sending a request for beam information to the NW(gNB) (step S903).

[0175] Embodiment 1-2 Embodiment 1-2 describes beam information transmitted from the network to the UE.

[0176] The beam information may include information / elements described in at least one of the following options 1-2-1 to 1-2-6.

[0177] [Option 1-2-1] The beam information may include information indicating the beam direction (boresight direction) related to RS.

[0178] This information may also indicate the angle of the beam direction (boresight direction) related to the RS.

[0179] The angle in question may be, for example, the azimuth angle / elevation angle.

[0180] The angle in question may also be the angle of the transmission beam at the base station / TRP.

[0181] [Option 1-2-2] The beam information may include information indicating the RS power (beam power).

[0182] The power of RS may be the absolute power of RS, or it may be the relative power of RS with respect to a specific RS.

[0183] The information indicating the power of RS may also be information indicating the power of RS for each angle.

[0184] The angle in question may be, for example, the azimuth angle / elevation angle.

[0185] The angle in question may also be the angle of the transmission beam at the base station / TRP.

[0186] The power (beam power) of the RS may be expressed as the relative power between the RSs compared to the peak power at the corresponding angle.

[0187] The UE may determine the RS that achieves the peak power for a given angle based on specific rules / parameters. For example, if power is represented by parameters in a sequence, the RS corresponding to a specific (e.g., the first) element may be determined as the RS that achieves the peak power.

[0188] [Options 1-2-3] The beam information may include information about the RS antenna reference point (ARP).

[0189] Information regarding ARP may include, for example, information indicating the location of the ARP.

[0190] The location information of the ARP may be indicated by absolute location information (e.g., altitude / latitude / longitude).

[0191] The ARP location may also be the ARP location of the RS resource. The ARP location of the RS resource may be indicated by its relative position from at least one of the ARP, UE location, and TRP location of the RS resource set.

[0192] The ARP location may also be the ARP location of the RS resource set. The ARP location of the RS resource set may be indicated by its relative position from at least one of the reference point, UE location, and TRP location. The reference point may be indicated by altitude / latitude / longitude.

[0193] The UE location and at least one of the TRP locations may be indicated by their relative position from a reference point, which may be indicated by altitude / latitude / longitude.

[0194] The ARP location of an RS resource, the ARP location of an RS resource set, the TRP location, the UE location, and at least one of the reference points may be indicated by information indicating an absolute location. Such absolute location may be, for example, at least one of the following: an ellipsoid point (optionally) with altitude, a point on an uncertainty circle, a point on an uncertainty ellipse, and a point on an uncertainty ellipsoid.

[0195] [Options 1-2-4] The beam information may include information about the number of antenna ports.

[0196] The information regarding the number of antenna ports may include, for example, at least one of the following: information on the total number of antenna ports, information on the number of antenna ports per angle, information on the total number of antenna panels, information on the number of antenna panels per angle, information on the distance between antenna ports (per angle), and information on the distance between antenna panels (per angle).

[0197] Information regarding the number of antenna ports may be defined / configured for each RS resource / RS resource set.

[0198] [Options 1-2-5] The beam information may include information about RS transmitted using the same spatial domain filter / beam.

[0199] Information regarding RS transmitted using the same spatial domain filter / beam may, for example, be information indicating a mapping / correspondence relationship about the relative relationships of beams (parameters related to the beams).

[0200] In this disclosure, the relative relationships of beams, specific QCL types (e.g., QCL type D (spatial reception parameters)), spatial relationships, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0201] For example, if multiple RSs correspond to (map) the relative relationship of the same beam, the UE may assume / determine that at least one of the following is the same: the boresight direction of the RS and the (absolute / relative) power of the RS for each angle.

[0202] According to option 1-2-5, the overhead required for reporting beam information can be reduced.

[0203] [Options 1-2-6] The beam information may include information about the area.

[0204] Area information may, for example, indicate the area where the corresponding beam information is valid.

[0205] Information indicating the area where the corresponding beam information is valid may include at least one of the following pieces of information (a list of information): Area ID. • The global ID of the (NR) cell. • The physical cell ID (Identifier) ​​of the NR. ·ARFCN (Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number). • Evolved Cell's global ID (ECGI).

[0206] The information regarding the area ID may include the global ID of the NR cell, the physical cell ID of the NR, and at least one of the ARFCNs.

[0207] The UE may receive a list of area IDs corresponding to the assist data from the LMF / base station. The list of area IDs may also be a list of cell IDs (information including at least two of the (NR's) cell global ID, (NR's) physical cell ID, and ARFCN).

[0208] According to option 1-2-6, for example, if the base station antenna configuration is the same, the same beam information can be applied to different cells, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0209] A specific index may be assigned to at least one of the above options 1-2-1 to 1-2-6. This assignment may be specified in advance in the specification, or it may be notified from the UE to the NW based on the method described in Supplement 3 below, or it may be notified from the NW to the UE based on the method described in Supplement 2 below.

[0210] According to this, index-based (identifiable by index) beam information can be implemented in the UE / NW, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0211] Variations of the first embodiment In this disclosure, information relating to angles may be expressed in a particular manner.

[0212] For example, in this disclosure, the angle may be expressed on multiple scales.

[0213] For example, angles may be expressed as azimuth angle and elevation angle. The azimuth angle / elevation angle may be determined based on specific parameters.

[0214] The parameters indicating azimuth / elevation may be expressed using multiple different parameters according to their granularity.

[0215] For example, a parameter indicating azimuth / elevation angle may be expressed as a first parameter represented by a first granularity (e.g., 1° units) and a second parameter represented by a second granularity (e.g., 0.1° units).

[0216] Furthermore, for example, in this disclosure, angles may be expressed / represented in LCS / GCS.

[0217] For example, azimuth angle / elevation angle may be expressed / displayed using LCS / GCS.

[0218] If the angle is expressed in LCS, information for converting between LCS and GCS may be notified / provided to the UE / NW.

[0219] If the information for the conversion is not provided, the UE / NW may assume that the angle will be represented / displayed in GCS.

[0220] Furthermore, the description of this embodiment is applicable not only to the first embodiment but also to other embodiments.

[0221] According to the first embodiment described above, the configuration of beam information transmitted from the network to the UE and the control operations related to beam information can be appropriately defined.

[0222] <Second Embodiment> In the second embodiment, information regarding antennas / beams transmitted from the UE to the NW is described.

[0223] The UE may transmit information about its antenna / beam (which may also be called beam information) to the NW.

[0224] Embodiment 2-1 Embodiment 2-1 describes the transmission control of antenna / beam information for the UE.

[0225] The UE / NW may follow at least one of the following options 2-1-1 and 2-1-2.

[0226] [Option 2-1-1] The UE may receive instructions (instruction information, request) to report beam information.

[0227] The UE may receive such instruction information in accordance with the method described in Supplement 2 below.

[0228] The instruction information may be UE-specific (dedicated) signaling (Option 2-1-1-1).

[0229] The UE may receive the instruction information after reporting its corresponding UE capabilities to the NW.

[0230] Option 2-1-1-1 can improve resource utilization efficiency when a large number of UEs do not require beam information.

[0231] The UE may receive the instruction information using system information (Option 2-1-1-2). In other words, the instruction information may be included in the system information.

[0232] The system information may be, for example, SIB X (where X is any integer, for example, 1).

[0233] Option 2-1-1-2 can improve resource utilization efficiency when a large number of UEs require beam information.

[0234] A UE may receive beam information using a group-wide (common to multiple UEs) signaling system (Option 2-1-1-3). In other words, the beam information may be included in the group-wide (common to multiple UEs) signaling system.

[0235] The signaling common to the group (common to multiple UEs) may, for example, be a multicast / broadcast signal.

[0236] The broadcast signals (e.g., PDSCH, group-common PDCCH) may be scheduled in, for example, a DCI format for broadcasting (DCI format 4_0).

[0237] Multicast signals (e.g., PDSCH, group-common PDCCH) may be scheduled in a DCI format for multicast (DCI format 4_1 / 4_2), for example.

[0238] Option 2-1-1-3 can improve resource utilization efficiency when a large number of UEs require beam information.

[0239] The UE may request specific information in the instruction information.

[0240] The specific information in question may, for example, be information used to identify the RS (Resource) of the beam information for which reporting is requested.

[0241] The information used to identify the RS may include, for example, at least one of the following: RS resource ID, RS resource set ID, TRP information, DL PRS ID (dl-PRS-ID), frequency layer, and serving cell ID.

[0242] Furthermore, the specific information may also indicate which information is required to be reported (the type of beam information for which reporting is required). The types of beam information will be described in detail below in Embodiment 2-2.

[0243] Furthermore, the specific information in question may, for example, be information regarding the granularity of the required beam information.

[0244] The granularity information may include at least one of the following: information regarding the beam angle (e.g., azimuth angle / elevation angle), information regarding the beam's (relative / absolute) power, and information regarding the granularity of the ARP / TRP / base station location.

[0245] The information regarding the granularity of the beam angle may be, for example, at least one of information expressed in a first granularity (e.g., in units of 1°) and information expressed in a second granularity (e.g., in units of 0.1°).

[0246] Information regarding the granularity of the beam power may be, for example, at least one of information expressed at a first granularity (e.g., in units of 1 dB) and information expressed at a second granularity (e.g., in units of 0.1 dB).

[0247] Information regarding the granularity of ARP / TRP / base station location may, for example, be information indicating the number of bits (sequence) of information representing the location (spatial distance) of the ARP / TRP / base station.

[0248] [Option 2-1-2] The UE may send a response to instructions / requests regarding the UE's beam information.

[0249] The UE may transmit its beam information after transmitting the response. Alternatively, the UE may transmit its beam information along with the transmission of the response.

[0250] The response / beam information may be transmitted in accordance with the method described in Supplementary 3 below.

[0251] The UE may follow at least one of the following options 2-1-2-1 through 2-1-2-4.

[0252] The UE may include in the response information indicating failure to detect / receive instruction information / request (Option 2-1-2-1). The UE may send a response that includes information indicating failure to detect / receive instruction information / request.

[0253] Information indicating failure to detect / receive instruction information / requests may include information indicating one or more reasons for the error (error cause / reason). The reasons for the error may be specified in advance in the specifications.

[0254] Based on the reason for the error indicated in the response, the network may decide whether to resend the instruction / request or to cancel the transmission of the instruction / request.

[0255] The UE may include beam information in the response (Option 2-1-2-2). The UE may transmit a response that includes beam information.

[0256] The UE may ignore the indication information / request in certain cases (Option 2-1-2-3).

[0257] For example, the UE may ignore the indication information / request when at least one of the following occurs: the UE detects a specific error, or the UE transmits only a message for detecting a failure.

[0258] The UE may transmit its beam information in the report of UE capability information (Option 2-1-2-4).

[0259] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a process for receiving beam information according to Embodiment 2-1. In the example shown in FIG. 10, the UE first receives a request for beam information from the NW (gNB) (step S1001). Next, the UE transmits a response to the request to the NW (gNB) (step S1002) and transmits the beam information.

[0260] 《Embodiment 2-2》 In Embodiment 2-2, the beam information transmitted from the UE to the NW will be described.

[0261] In Embodiment 2-2, regarding the beam information transmitted from the UE to the NW, the beam information described in Embodiment 1-2 above may be appropriately applied.

[0262] For example, beam information obtained by replacing "NW / base station / TRP" in Embodiment 1-2 above with "UE" and replacing "UE" with "NW / base station / TRP" may be used.

[0263] 《Embodiment 2-3》 The UE may report assist information / metadata of the AI / ML model.

[0264] The AI / ML model in question may be an AI / ML model that is registered, configured, compiled, and activated in the Unified Environment (UE).

[0265] The AI / ML model's assist information / metadata may be transmitted together with the beam information in the second embodiment, or in place of the beam information.

[0266] The assistance information / metadata for an AI / ML model may include at least one of the following pieces of information:

[0267] The assist information / metadata for an AI / ML model may also be the ID of the AI / ML model.

[0268] The ID of the AI / ML model can be either a global or local AI / ML model ID.

[0269] The assistance information / metadata for an AI / ML model may also include information about the applicable bandwidth corresponding to the AI / ML model ID.

[0270] The bandwidth may be indicated as the minimum / maximum applicable bandwidth.

[0271] The bandwidth information may include, for example, information indicating a band indicator (e.g., "freqBandIndicatorNR"). This band indicator information may be represented by a specific number of bits (e.g., 10 bits).

[0272] The information regarding the bandwidth may include, for example, information indicating the bandwidth of the RS associated with the corresponding AI / ML model (e.g., "supportedBandwidth").

[0273] The information indicating the bandwidth of the RS associated with the corresponding AI / ML model may indicate the frequency for each frequency range (e.g., FR1 / FR2 (FR2-1 / FR2-2) / FR3 / FR4 / FR5).

[0274] The assist information / metadata of the AI / ML model may be information regarding the applicable area corresponding to the AI / ML model ID.

[0275] The information regarding the applicable area corresponding to the AI / ML model may include at least one of the following information (list of information): · Area ID. · Global ID of the cell (of NR). · Physical cell ID (Identifier) (of NR). · ARFCN (Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number). · Global ID of the Evolved Cell (ECGI).

[0276] The area ID may include at least one of the global ID of the cell of NR, the physical cell ID of NR, and ARFCN.

[0277] The assist information / metadata of the AI / ML model may be antenna setting / beam information corresponding to the AI / ML model ID.

[0278] The beam information may be the beam information in the second embodiment (Embodiment 2-1 / 2-2).

[0279] The NW may update / change / determine the antenna setting using the AI / ML model based on the assist information / metadata received from the UE.

[0280] According to the above second embodiment, the configuration of the beam information transmitted from the UE to the NW and the control operation related to the beam information can be appropriately defined.

[0281] <Third Embodiment> The UE may transmit / report beam information along with the report (results) of a specific measurement. For example, the report (results) of a specific measurement may be interpreted as a CSI / beam report.

[0282] This embodiment may be applied, for example, when a network (base station) performs operations based on beam management / positioning.

[0283] The UE / NW may conform to at least one of the embodiments 3-1 and 3-2 described below.

[0284] Embodiment 3-1 described below may be applied primarily to AI-based beam management of NW-side models, but may also be applied to cases where AI / ML models are not used.

[0285] Embodiment 3-2 described below may be applied primarily to AI-based positioning of NW-side models, but may also be applied to cases where AI / ML models are not used.

[0286] In this disclosure, the AI-based beam management on the network side may be, for example, at least one of spatial domain beam prediction and temporal domain beam prediction.

[0287] In this disclosure, the CSI report, beam report, and L1-RSRP / SINR report may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, RSRP and SINR may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0288] Embodiment 3-1 The UE may report information about the received beam (received beam information).

[0289] The UE may report the received beam information along with the CSI (L1-RSRP / SINR) report.

[0290] The received beam information may be, for example, an RS resource indicator.

[0291] The RS resource indicator may be, for example, at least one of the following: an RS resource ID, an RS resource set ID, and an SRS resource indicator (e.g., srs-ResourceIndicator).

[0292] The RS resource indicator may also contain information about an SRS resource / resource set that uses the same spatial domain receive filter / receive beam as the spatial domain transmit filter / transmit beam used for the corresponding measurement.

[0293] The UE may configure an SRS resource set for reporting received beam information. In this case, for example, the usage of the SRS resource set may be set to at least one of received beam determination and L1-RSRP with received beam information.

[0294] The bit width of the fields in the reported RS resource indicator may be determined based on specific rules / parameters.

[0295] For example, the bit width may be determined by, for example, ceil(log2(N)), where N is the number of SRS resources in the associated SRS resource set. In this disclosure, ceil(X) may mean multiplying X by a ceiling function.

[0296] RS resource indicators / RS resource set indicators may be reported along with the panel index (CapabilityIndex).

[0297] Figures 11A and 11B show an example of a beam report according to Embodiment 3-1. The example shown in Figures 11A and 11B describes a case in which the RS resource indicator is reported together with the panel index (Capability Index) in the beam report (CSI report).

[0298] The example shown in Figure 11A illustrates the bit width of the information included in the beam report. The number of bits (X) of the RS resource indicator may be determined based on the method described above.

[0299] The example shown in Figure 11B includes the information contained in the beam report. The beam report includes CRI or SSBRI (#1-#4), RSRP (RSRP#1) corresponding to CRI or SSBRI#1, differential RSRP (Differential RSRP#2-#4) corresponding to CRI or SSBRI#2-#4, panel indices (CapabilityIndex) #1-#4 corresponding to each of CRI or SSBRI#1-#4, and RS resource indicators #1-#4 corresponding to each of CRI or SSBRI#1-#4.

[0300] In the example shown in Figure 11B, multiple RS resource indicators, i.e., RS resource indicators corresponding to each CRI or SSBRI, are included in the beam report. However, the beam report may contain only one RS resource indicator. In this case, the single RS resource indicator may correspond to each CRI or SSBRI. Whether an RS resource indicator corresponding to each CRI or SSBRI is included in the beam report, or whether only one RS resource indicator is included, may be determined based on higher-layer signaling.

[0301] Additionally, RS resource indicators / RS resource set indicators may be reported separately from panel indexes (Capability Index).

[0302] Figures 12A and 12B show other examples of beam reports according to Embodiment 3-1. The examples shown in Figures 12A and 12B describe cases in which the RS resource indicator is reported separately from the panel index (Capability Index) in the beam report (CSI report).

[0303] Figures 12A and 12B differ from Figures 11A and 11B only in that they do not include information about the panel's CapabilityIndex.

[0304] In this way, by reporting information about RS resources along with the CSI (L1-RSRP / SINR) report, if beam information related to SRS resources is available, information about the received beam used for measurement can be reported to the network.

[0305] Furthermore, the received beam information may also be, for example, a beam index.

[0306] The beam index may, for example, be the index of the received beam / spatial domain receive filter of the UE used for the corresponding measurement.

[0307] For example, if the UE uses the same beam to receive the signal in the measurement, the same beam index may be reported.

[0308] If the UE uses the same (or different) beams in the measurement, it may decide to include the beam index in the beam report and submit it.

[0309] The bit width of the field in the reported beam index may be determined based on specific rules / parameters.

[0310] For example, the bit width may be determined by, for example, ceil(log2(M)), where M is the number indicated by the UE's receive beam sweeping factor.

[0311] For example, the bit width may be determined separately for each frequency range (e.g., FR1 / FR2(FR2-1 / FR2-2) / FR3 / FR4 / FR5).

[0312] The beam index may be reported together with the panel index (Capability Index).

[0313] Figures 13A and 13B show other examples of beam reports according to Embodiment 3-1. The examples shown in Figures 13A and 13B describe cases in which the received beam index (RxbeamIndex) is reported together with the panel index (CapabilityIndex) in the beam report (CSI report).

[0314] In the example shown in Figure 13A, the bit width of the information included in the beam report is shown. The number of bits (X) of the received beam index may be determined based on the method described above.

[0315] In the example shown in Figure 13B, the information included in the beam report is described. The beam report includes CRI or SSBRI (#1-#4), RSRP corresponding to CRI or SSBRI #1 (RSRP #1), differential RSRP corresponding to CRI or SSBRI #2-#4 (differential RSRP #2-#4), panel indices (Capability Index) #1-#4 corresponding to each of CRI or SSBRI #1-#4, and received beam indices #1-#4 corresponding to each of CRI or SSBRI #1-#4.

[0316] In the example shown in Figure 13B, multiple received beam indices, i.e., received beam indices corresponding to each CRI or SSBRI, are included in the beam report. However, the beam report may contain only one received beam index. In this case, the single received beam index may correspond to each CRI or SSBRI. Whether the beam report contains received beam indices corresponding to each CRI or SSBRI, or whether it contains only one received beam index, may be determined based on higher-layer signaling.

[0317] Furthermore, the received beam index may be reported separately from the panel index (Capability Index).

[0318] Figures 14A and 14B show other examples of beam reports according to Embodiment 3-1. The examples shown in Figures 14A and 14B describe cases in which the received beam index is reported separately from the panel index (Capability Index) in the beam report (CSI report).

[0319] Figures 14A and 14B differ from Figures 13A and 13B only in that they do not include information about the panel's Capability Index.

[0320] UE / NW may assume / determine that different beam / spatial domain filters correspond to different panel indices (Capability Indexes) for the reported results, even if the beam index for those reported results is the same.

[0321] In this way, by reporting the beam index along with the CSI (L1-RSRP / SINR) report, beam reporting can be performed using a mechanism similar to that of signal measurement in beam (L1-RSRP / SINR) measurement, thus simplifying the implementation of the UE.

[0322] Embodiment 3-2 The UE may report information about the received beam (received beam information).

[0323] The UE may report the received beam information along with signal measurement information for positioning related to DL measurement.

[0324] The positioning method may be, for example, at least one of the following: positioning based on NR E-CID, positioning based on DL-TDOA, positioning based on DL-AoD, and multi-RTT positioning.

[0325] The received beam information may be, for example, an RS resource indicator.

[0326] The RS resource indicator may be, for example, at least one of the following: an RS resource ID, an RS resource set ID, and an SRS resource indicator (e.g., srs-ResourceIndicator).

[0327] The RS resource indicator may also contain information about an SRS resource / resource set that uses the same spatial domain receive filter / receive beam as the spatial domain transmit filter / transmit beam used for the corresponding measurement.

[0328] The UE may configure an SRS resource set for reporting received beam information. In this case, for example, the usage of the SRS resource set may be set to at least one of received beam determination and L1-RSRP with received beam information.

[0329] UE / NW may expect / assume / determine that the same UE Rx TEG is present if the same SRS resource ID / SRS resource set ID is indicated.

[0330] Variations of the third embodiment In a network (NW), when beam prediction for a spatial domain is performed, the number of candidate beams measured by the NW (first number) and the number of candidate beams including the beam to be notified to the UE (second number) may be determined separately (Variation 1).

[0331] For example, the first number and the second number may be different. For example, the first number may be less than the second number.

[0332] The UE may assume that the number of its transmit beams is different from the number of receive beams requested for measurement by the NW.

[0333] The UE may assume that the number of CRI / SSBRI / RS resource indicators / beam indices to report will differ (or be set separately) based on the NW beam forecast.

[0334] Additionally, if specific upper-layer parameters are set, the receiving panel (UE capability index / UE capability value set) / receiving beam (receiving spatial domain filter) may (always) be equal for each measurement / measurement result included in a single report (e.g., UCI / CSI report / beam measurement report) (Variation 2).

[0335] UE may (always) determine / assume that the receiving panel (UE capability index / UE capability value set) / receiving beam (receiving spatial domain filter) is equal for each measurement / measurement result included in a single report (e.g., UCI / CSI report / beam measurement report).

[0336] Variation 2 may be applicable to both cases where the UE reports information about the received beam (beam information) and cases where the UE reports beam information.

[0337] According to the third embodiment described above, beam information can be appropriately transmitted from the UE to the NW.

[0338] <Supplement> [AI Model Information (Supplement 1)] In this disclosure, AI model information may mean information including at least one of the following: • Input / output information of the AI ​​model, • Pre-processing / post-processing information for AI model input / output, • Information on AI model parameters, • Training information for AI models • Inference information for AI models, • Performance information regarding the AI ​​model.

[0339] Here, the input / output information of the above AI model may include information about at least one of the following: • Contents of input / output data (e.g., RSRP, SINR, amplitude / phase information in the channel matrix (or precoding matrix), information on the angle of arrival (AoA), information on the angle of departure (AoD), position information), • Supplementary information about the data (may also be called metadata) • Input / output data type (e.g., immutable value, floating-point number) • Bit width of input / output data (e.g., 64 bits for each input value) • Quantization interval (quantization step size) of input / output data (e.g., 1 dBm for L1-RSRP), • The range of possible input / output data (e.g., [0, 1]).

[0340] In this disclosure, AoA information may include information on at least one of the azimuth angle of arrival and the zenith angle of arrival (ZoA). AoD information may include, for example, information on at least one of the azimuth angle of departure and the zenith angle of departure (ZoD).

[0341] In this disclosure, location information may be location information relating to a UE / NW. Location information may include at least one of the following: information obtained using a positioning system (e.g., satellite positioning system (Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.)) (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude); information about a BS adjacent to (or serving) the UE (e.g., BS / cell identifier (ID), distance between BS and UE, direction / angle of BS(UE) as seen from the UE(BS), coordinates of BS(UE) as seen from the UE(BS) (e.g., X / Y / Z axis coordinates), etc.); and a specific address of the UE (e.g., Internet Protocol (IP) address). The location information of the UE is not limited to information based on the location of a BS, but may also be information based on a specific point.

[0342] Location information may include information about its own implementation (for example, the location / position of the antenna, the location / position of the antenna panel, the number of antennas, the number of antenna panels, etc.).

[0343] Location information may include mobility information. Mobility information may include information indicating the mobility type, information indicating the movement speed of the UE, the acceleration of the UE, and the direction of movement of the UE, or at least one of these.

[0344] Here, the mobility type may fall under at least one of the following categories: fixed location UE, movable / moving UE, no mobility UE, low mobility UE, middle mobility UE, high mobility UE, cell-edge UE, not-cell-edge UE, etc.

[0345] In this disclosure, the environmental information (for the data) may also be information about the environment in which the data is acquired / used, and may include, for example, frequency information (such as band ID), environment type information (information indicating at least one of the following: indoor, outdoor, Urban Macro (UMa), Urban Micro (Umi)), or Line of Site (LOS) / Non-Line of Site (NLOS) information.

[0346] Here, LOS may mean that the UE and BS are in a line of sight to each other (or there are no obstructions), and NLOS may mean that the UE and BS are not in a line of sight to each other (or there are obstructions). The information indicating LOS / NLOS may be a soft value (e.g., the probability of LOS / NLOS) or a hard value (e.g., either LOS or NLOS).

[0347] In this disclosure, metadata may mean, for example, information about input / output information suitable for an AI model, information about acquired / acquirable data, etc. Specifically, metadata may include information about RS (e.g., CSI-RS / SRS / SSB, etc.) beams (e.g., the angle of each beam, 3dB beamwidth, shape of the beam being directed, number of beams), gNB / UE antenna layout information, frequency information, environmental information, metadata ID, etc. The metadata may also be used as input / output for the AI ​​model.

[0348] The preprocessing / postprocessing information for the input / output of the above AI model may include information regarding at least one of the following: · Whether to apply normalization (e.g., Z-score normalization (standardization), min-max normalization), · Parameters for normalization (e.g., mean / variance for Z-score normalization, minimum / maximum for min-max normalization), · Whether to apply a specific numerical conversion method (e.g., one-hot encoding, label encoding, etc.), · Selection rules for whether to be used as training data.

[0349] For example, the normalized input information x obtained by performing Z-score normalization (x new =(x - μ) / σ. Here, μ is the mean of x, and σ is the standard deviation) as preprocessing on the input information x new may be input into the AI model, and the output y out from the AI model may be post-processed to obtain the final output y.

[0350] The information on the parameters of the above AI model may include information regarding at least one of the following: · Information on weights (e.g., coefficients of neurons (connection coefficients)) in the AI model, · The structure of the AI model, · The type of the AI model as a model component (e.g., Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, RefineNet, Transformer model, CRBlock, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)), • Functionality of the AI ​​model as a model component (e.g., decoder, encoder).

[0351] Furthermore, the weight information in the above AI model may include information about at least one of the following: • Bit width (size) of weight information, • Quantization interval of weight information, • Granularity of weight information, • The range of possible weight information, • Weight parameters in AI models • Information on the differences from the AI ​​model before the update (if updating), • Methods for weight initialization (e.g., zero initialization, random initialization (based on normal distribution / uniform distribution / truncated normal distribution), Xavier initialization (for sigmoid function), He initialization (for Rectified Linear Units (ReLU))).

[0352] Furthermore, the structure of the above AI model may include information about at least one of the following: • Number of layers, • Layer type (e.g., convolutional layer, activation layer, dense layer, normalization layer, pooling layer, attention layer), Layer information, • Time series-specific parameters (e.g., bidirectionality, time step), • Parameters for training (e.g., the type of function (L2 regularization, dropout function, etc.), and where to place this function (e.g., after which layer)).

[0353] The above layer information may include information about at least one of the following: • Number of neurons in each layer, • Kernel size, • Stride for pooling layer / convolutional layer, • Pooling methods (MaxPooling, AveragePooling, etc.) Command residual block information, • Number of heads, • Normalization methods (batch normalization, instance normalization, layer normalization, etc.) • Activation functions (sigmoid, tanh function, ReLU, leaky ReLU information, Maxout, Softmax).

[0354] One AI model may be included as a component of another AI model. For example, one AI model may be one in which processing proceeds in the following order: ResNet as model component #1, a transformer model as model component #2, a dense layer, and a normalization layer.

[0355] The training information for the above AI model may include information about at least one of the following: • Information for the optimization algorithm (e.g., type of optimization (Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)), AdaGrad, Adam, etc.), optimization parameters (learning rate, momentum information, etc.), • Information on the loss function (for example, information on the metrics of the loss function (mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), cross-entropy loss, NLLLoss, Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, etc.)), • Parameters to be frozen for training (e.g., layers, weights) • Parameters to be updated (e.g., layer, weights) • Parameters that should be used as initial parameters for training (e.g., layers, weights), • How to train / update the AI ​​model (e.g., (recommended) number of epochs, batch size, and amount of data to use for training).

[0356] The inference information for the above AI model may include information regarding decision tree branch pruning, parameter quantization, and the functionality of the AI ​​model. Here, the functionality of the AI ​​model may be at least one of the following: time-domain beam prediction, spatial-domain beam prediction, autoencoder for CSI feedback, autoencoder for beam management, etc.

[0357] Autoencoders for CSI feedback may be used as follows: The UE inputs the CSI / channel matrix / precoding matrix to the encoder's AI model and sends the encoded bits, which are output, as CSI feedback (CSI report). BS reconstructs the CSI / channel matrix / precoding matrix, which is output by inputting the received encoded bits into the decoder's AI model.

[0358] In spatial domain beam prediction, the UE / BS may input measurement results (beam quality, e.g., RSRP) based on a sparse (or wide) beam into an AI model and output a dense (or narrow) beam quality.

[0359] In time-domain beam forecasting, the UE / BS may input time-series (past, present, etc.) measurement results (beam quality, e.g., RSRP) into an AI model to output future beam quality.

[0360] The performance information for the above AI model may include information regarding the expected value of the loss function defined for the AI ​​model.

[0361] The AI ​​model information in this disclosure may include information regarding the scope of application (applicability) of the AI ​​model. This scope may be indicated by physical cell IDs, serving cell indexes, etc. Information regarding the scope of application may be included in the environmental information described above.

[0362] AI model information for a specific AI model may be predetermined in the standard, or it may be notified to the UE from the Network (NW). An AI model defined in the standard may be called a reference AI model. AI model information for a reference AI model may be called reference AI model information.

[0363] Furthermore, the AI ​​model information in this disclosure may include an index for identifying the AI ​​model (which may be called, for example, an AI model index, an AI model ID, or a model ID). The AI ​​model information in this disclosure may include, in addition to or instead of, the AI ​​model index, in addition to the AI ​​model input / output information, etc. The association between the AI ​​model index and the AI ​​model information (for example, the AI ​​model input / output information) may be predetermined in the standard or notified from the network to the UE.

[0364] The AI ​​model information in this disclosure may be associated with an AI model and may be referred to as relevant information, or simply relevant information. The relevant information does not necessarily have to explicitly include information that identifies the AI ​​model. For example, the relevant information may only include metadata.

[0365] [Notification of information to UE (Supplement 2)] In the embodiments described above, notification of any information (from the network) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0366] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader. Alternatively, the MAC CE may be an extended version of an existing MAC CE (for example, with an additional octet).

[0367] If the above notification is made by a DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0368] The DCI fields included in the DCI may be existing DCI fields or newly defined DCI fields (from Rel. 18 onwards). The RNTI corresponding to the DCI may be an existing RNTI or a new RNTI (from Rel. 18 onwards). The DCI format of the DCI may be an existing DCI format or a newly defined DCI format (from Rel. 18 onwards).

[0369] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (which may be triggered by the UE or by instructions from the base station), or aperiodic (which may be triggered by the UE or by instructions from the base station).

[0370] [Notification of information from UE (Supplement 3)] In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) (in other words, transmission of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, LPP messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0371] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader. Alternatively, the MAC CE may be an extended version of an existing MAC CE (for example, with an additional octet).

[0372] If the above notice is issued by the UCI, the notice may be sent using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0373] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (which may be triggered by the UE or by instructions from the base station), or aperiodic (which may be triggered by the UE or by instructions from the base station).

[0374] [Regarding the application of each embodiment (Supplement 4)] At least one of the embodiments described above may be applied if certain conditions are met. These conditions may be specified in a standard or notified to the UE / BS using upper-layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0375] At least one of the embodiments described above may apply only to a UE that has reported or supports a particular UE capability.

[0376] The specific UE capability may represent at least one of the following: • To support specific processing / operation / control / information for at least one of the above embodiments / options / choices, • To support specific processing / operation / control / information for at least two combinations of the above embodiments / options / choices, • Locations (areas) where UE can utilize beam information. • The types / options of beam information available to the UE, • Types of RS available / applicable to UE (e.g., CSI-RS / SSB / (DL / UL)PRS / DMRS / TRS / SRS / SRS for positioning).

[0377] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), capabilities per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, BWP, band combination, component carrier, etc.), capabilities per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or capabilities per subcarrier spacing (SCS).

[0378] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0379] Furthermore, at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied when the UE is configured / activated / triggered by upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling to perform certain information (or the actions of the embodiments described above) related to the embodiments described above. For example, such certain information may be information indicating the activation of the use of an AI model, or arbitrary RRC parameters for a particular release (e.g., Rel.18).

[0380] If the UE does not support at least one of the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities or does not have the above-mentioned specific information configured, the behavior of, for example, Rel.15 / 16 may be applied.

[0381] (Note A) The following invention is added with respect to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Note A-1] A receiving unit that receives beam information for positioning regarding the location of a base station using at least one of upper-layer signaling and physical-layer signaling, A terminal having a control unit that determines the position of the base station based on the beam information. [Note A-2] The beam information is transmitted to the terminal described in Appendix A-1 in response to a request for the beam information. [Note A-3] The beam information is included in the response signal to the request for the beam information, as specified in Appendix A-1 or Appendix A-2. [Note A-4] The terminal described in any of the appendices A-1 to A-3, wherein the beam information includes at least one of the following: information indicating the beam direction of a reference signal, information indicating power for each angle, information regarding an antenna reference point, information regarding the number of antenna ports, information regarding a reference signal transmitted using the same spatial domain filter, and information regarding an area to which the beam information can be applied.

[0382] (Note B) The following invention is added with respect to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Note B-1] A receiving unit that receives requests for beam information for positioning regarding the location of a terminal, The system includes a control unit that controls the transmission of the beam information based on the above request, A terminal to which the beam information includes at least one of the following: information indicating the beam direction of a reference signal, information indicating power for each angle, information regarding an antenna reference point, information regarding the number of antenna ports, information regarding a reference signal transmitted using the same spatial domain filter, and information regarding an area to which the beam information can be applied. [Note B-2] The beam information is transmitted after the transmission of the response signal transmitted in response to the request, via the terminal described in Appendix B-1. [Note B-3] The beam information is included in the response signal to the request, and is a terminal as described in Appendix B-1 or Appendix B-2. [Note B-4] The aforementioned beam direction is a terminal as described in any of the appendices B-1 to B-3, including information regarding the azimuth angle and information regarding the elevation angle.

[0383] (Note C) The following invention is added with respect to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Note C-1] A control unit that measures the first reference signal, A terminal having a transmitting unit that transmits beam information for positioning regarding the terminal's location, along with the results of the measurement. [Note C-2] The results of the aforementioned measurement are a beam report, The beam information is a resource indicator for a second reference signal corresponding to a received beam associated with the first reference signal, as described in Appendix C-1. [Note C-3] The results of the aforementioned measurement are a beam report, The beam information is the index of the received beam associated with the first reference signal, as specified in Appendix C-1 or Appendix C-2. [Note C-4] The results of the aforementioned measurement are signal measurement information for positioning related to downlink measurement. The beam information is a resource indicator for a second reference signal corresponding to a received beam associated with the first reference signal, as described in any of the terminals listed in Appendix C-1 to C-3.

[0384] (Wireless communication system) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any or a combination thereof of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0385] Figure 15 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0386] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and so on.

[0387] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0388] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0389] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement and number of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0390] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0391] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may fall in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0392] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate using at least one of the following methods at each CC: Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0393] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, if NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0394] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0395] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0396] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0397] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0398] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0399] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, shared by each user terminal 20.

[0400] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0401] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0402] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0403] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called a DL assignment or DL ​​DCI, and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called a UL grant or UL DCI. Furthermore, PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

[0404] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a particular search space based on the search space configuration.

[0405] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0406] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) which includes at least one of the following: channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment (e.g., Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0407] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted when describing various channels.

[0408] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0409] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. SS, SSB, etc., may also be called reference signals.

[0410] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the Uplink Reference Signal (UL-RS) may transmit the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called the User-Specific Reference Signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0411] (base station) Figure 16 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, transceiver unit 120, transceiver antenna 130, and transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0412] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0413] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0414] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0415] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0416] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0417] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0418] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0419] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0420] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0421] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0422] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0423] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0424] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing to the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to acquire user data, etc.

[0425] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0426] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0427] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0428] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit beam information for positioning regarding the location of the base station using at least one of upper-layer signaling and physical-layer signaling. The control unit 110 may use the beam information to instruct the positioning of the base station (first embodiment).

[0429] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit a request for beam information for positioning regarding the location of the terminal. The control unit 110 may control the reception of the beam information based on the request. The beam information may include at least one of the following: information indicating the beam direction (boresight direction) of the reference signal, information indicating the power for each angle, information regarding the antenna reference point, information regarding the number of antenna ports, information regarding the reference signal transmitted using the same spatial domain filter, and information regarding the area to which the beam information can be applied (second embodiment).

[0430] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may receive beam information for positioning regarding the terminal's location included in the measurement results. The control unit 110 may perform positioning regarding the terminal's location based on the beam information (third embodiment).

[0431] (User terminal) Figure 17 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0432] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0433] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0434] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0435] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0436] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0437] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0438] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0439] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0440] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210, etc., to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0441] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0442] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0443] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0444] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0445] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0446] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0447] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the user terminal 20 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0448] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive beam information for positioning regarding the base station's location using at least one of upper-layer signaling and physical-layer signaling. The control unit 210 may perform positioning of the base station based on the beam information (first embodiment).

[0449] The beam information may be transmitted in response to a request for the beam information (first embodiment).

[0450] The beam information may be included in the response signal to a request regarding the beam information (first embodiment).

[0451] The beam information may include at least one of the following: information indicating the beam direction of the reference signal (direction of the boresite itself), information indicating the power for each angle, information regarding the antenna reference point, information regarding the number of antenna ports, information regarding the reference signal transmitted using the same spatial domain filter, and information regarding the area to which the beam information can be applied (first embodiment).

[0452] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive a request for beam information for positioning regarding the location of a terminal. The control unit 210 may control the transmission of the beam information based on the request. The beam information may include at least one of the following: information indicating the beam direction (boresight direction) of the reference signal, information indicating the power for each angle, information regarding the antenna reference point, information regarding the number of antenna ports, information regarding the reference signal transmitted using the same spatial domain filter, and information regarding the area to which the beam information can be applied (second embodiment).

[0453] The beam information may be transmitted after the transmission of the response signal sent in response to the request (second embodiment).

[0454] The beam information may be included in the response signal to the request (second embodiment).

[0455] The beam direction may include information regarding the azimuth angle and information regarding the elevation angle (second embodiment).

[0456] The control unit 210 may perform a measurement of the first reference signal. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include beam information for positioning regarding the terminal's location in the result of the measurement and transmit it (third embodiment).

[0457] The result of the measurement may be a beam report. The beam information may be a resource indicator of a second reference signal corresponding to a received beam associated with the first reference signal (third embodiment).

[0458] The result of the measurement may be a beam report. The beam information may be an index of the received beam associated with the first reference signal (third embodiment).

[0459] The measurement results may be signal measurement information for positioning relating to downlink measurement. The beam information may be a resource indicator of a second reference signal corresponding to a received beam associated with the first reference signal (third embodiment).

[0460] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments show functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0461] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0462] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 18 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0463] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured to omit some of the devices.

[0464] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0465] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or to control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0466] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0467] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0468] Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0469] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital multipurpose disk, a Blu-ray disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0470] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated implementations of a transmitting unit 120a (220a) and a receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0471] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0472] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0473] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0474] (modified version) In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0475] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0476] Here, the neuralelogy may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neuralelogy may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, or specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0477] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0478] A slot may include multiple mini-slots. Each mini-slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Mini-slots may also be called sub-slots. Mini-slots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-slot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a mini-slot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0479] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0480] For example, one subframe may be called TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called TTI, or one slot or one mini-slot may be called TTI. In other words, at least one of the subframe and TTI may be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. Note that the unit representing TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0481] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0482] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. Given a TTI, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) to which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the given TTI.

[0483] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.

[0484] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may also be called a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel.8-12), a long TTI, a normal subframe, a long subframe, or a slot. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini slot, a sub slot, or a slot.

[0485] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0486] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0487] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. Each TTI, subframe, etc., may consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0488] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0489] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0490] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also called a partial bandwidth) may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. Here, the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to the carrier's common reference point. PRBs may be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0491] A BWP may include UL BWPs (BWPs for UL) and DL BWPs (BWPs for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0492] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will send or receive a given signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0493] The structures described above, such as wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols, are merely illustrative examples. For instance, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots within a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within a TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0494] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0495] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements that use these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0496] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0497] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0498] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0499] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof).

[0500] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Element (CE).

[0501] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0502] The determination may be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0503] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0504] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0505] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0506] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "quasi-co-location (QCL)," "transmission configuration indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "antenna port group," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "resource group," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," and "panel" may be used interchangeably.

[0507] In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "wireless base station", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "access point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "panel", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0508] A base station can house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0509] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0510] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0511] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0512] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0513] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0514] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0515] Figure 19 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0516] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0517] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0518] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression signal of accelerator pedal 43 acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression signal of brake pedal 44 acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc., acquired by object detection sensor 58.

[0519] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, displays, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0520] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) and output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0521] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0522] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0523] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0524] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above input.

[0525] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0526] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0527] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions that the base station 10 has. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel and downlink channel may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0528] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0529] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes with base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0530] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements in an exemplary order and are not limited to that specific order.

[0531] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure includes Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), and IEEE This may apply to systems utilizing 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, as well as next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these. It may also apply to combinations of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0532] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0533] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0534] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to include judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiry (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0535] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0536] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be considered as "judging (deciding)" something like resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "judgment (decision)" can be considered as "judging (deciding)" something about an action.

[0537] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be replaced with "assuming," "expecting," or "considering."

[0538] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0539] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0540] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, or optical domain (both visible and invisible).

[0541] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0542] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0543] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0544] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," and "slow" may be interpreted interchangeably (not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees). Also, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," and "slow" may be interpreted interchangeably as expressions with "i-th" added to them (not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees) (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably as "i-th highest").

[0545] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0546] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The invention described herein can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims. Therefore, the descriptions herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not imply any limitation on the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A receiving unit that receives information regarding the position of the antenna reference point of a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) using LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages, A terminal having a control unit that controls Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based positioning based on information regarding the position of the aforementioned antenna reference point.

2. The steps include receiving information about the position of the antenna reference point of a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) using an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message, A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of controlling Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based positioning based on information regarding the position of the aforementioned antenna reference point.

3. A system having a base station and a terminal, The aforementioned base station is It has a transmitting unit that transmits information regarding the position of the antenna reference point of a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) using LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages. The aforementioned terminal is A receiving unit that receives information regarding the position of the aforementioned antenna reference point, A system comprising: a control unit that controls artificial intelligence (AI)-based positioning based on information regarding the position of the aforementioned antenna reference point.

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