Information processing device and information processing method

Abstract

To improve the accuracy of state estimation in models that combine multiple models. [Solution] The control unit of the information processing device acquires process data of a waste treatment system comprising a waste incinerator having a grate and a boiler that generates steam using the heat of gas flowing from the waste incinerator. Based on a combined model which combines two or more models from a grate model that estimates the state of waste on the grate and the state of gas generated from said waste, a gas-phase combustion model that estimates the combustion state of the gas using the estimation result of the grate model as input, and a boiler model that estimates the state of steam generated in the boiler using the estimation result of the gas-phase combustion model as input, and the process data, the control unit acquires observed values ​​for each model and performs data assimilation processing on the state variables of the models included in the combined model using observed values ​​selected from the acquired observed values.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus and an information processing method. [Background technology]

[0002] One example of an invention that performs data assimilation on the results of numerical simulations is the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1. This invention visualizes the flow and temperature state of molten steel in a mold of a continuous casting facility. Numerical simulations of heat transfer and flow in the continuous casting facility are performed using operating parameters and physical properties of molten steel, and data assimilation is performed using temperature measurements at observation positions of the visualization cross-section to estimate the flow velocity and temperature of molten steel in the mold. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 7335499 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] For example, when estimating the state of a system by modeling a system that combines multiple interacting systems, a model is constructed for each of the systems, and the output of each model is used as input to the interacting model. In this case, if data assimilation is performed for each model as in the invention of Patent Document 1, the discrepancy between the state variables and the observed values ​​is corrected for each model. Therefore, the output of each model may not be optimal as input to the interacting system, and the accuracy of the estimation for the entire system may decrease.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above, and aims to improve the accuracy of state estimation in a model that combines multiple models. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the objective, an information processing device according to one aspect of the present invention is an information processing device used in a waste treatment system comprising a waste incinerator having a grate and a boiler that generates steam by the heat of gas flowing from the waste incinerator, wherein the information processing device comprises a control unit, the control unit acquires process data from the waste treatment system, estimates the state of the waste treatment system based on a combined model which combines two or more models from among a grate model that estimates the state of waste on the grate and the state of gas generated from the waste, a gas-phase combustion model that estimates the combustion state of the gas using the estimation result of the grate model as input, and a boiler model that estimates the state of steam generated in the boiler using the estimation result of the gas-phase combustion model as input, and the process data, acquires observed values ​​of the grate model, observed values ​​of the gas-phase combustion model and observed values ​​of the boiler model, and performs data assimilation processing on the state variables of the models included in the combined model using observed values ​​selected from the acquired observed values.

[0007] In an information processing device according to one aspect of the present invention, the state variables of the grate model, the state variables of the gas-phase combustion model, and the state variables of the boiler model may be subjected to data assimilation processing using two or more observed values ​​from among the observed values ​​of the grate model, the observed values ​​of the gas-phase combustion model, and the observed values ​​of the boiler model.

[0008] In an information processing apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention, the data assimilation process may be a process using a Kalman filter.

[0009] An information processing method according to one aspect of the present invention is an information processing method performed by a control unit of an information processing device used in a waste treatment system comprising a waste incinerator having a grate and a boiler that generates steam by the heat of gas flowing from the waste incinerator, wherein the control unit comprises the steps of: acquiring process data from the waste treatment system; estimating the state of the waste treatment system based on a combined model which combines two or more models from among a grate model that estimates the state of waste on the grate and the state of gas generated from the waste, a gas-phase combustion model that estimates the combustion state of the gas using the estimation result of the grate model as input, and a boiler model that estimates the state of steam generated in the boiler using the estimation result of the gas-phase combustion model as input, and the process data; acquiring observed values ​​of the grate model, observed values ​​of the gas-phase combustion model, and observed values ​​of the boiler model; and performing data assimilation processing on the state variables of the models included in the combined model using observed values ​​selected from the acquired observed values. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to the present invention, the accuracy of state estimation can be improved in a model that combines multiple models. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0011] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic overall diagram showing a waste incineration facility to which a state estimation device according to one embodiment of the present invention is applied. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a side view showing the waste, the waste supply section onto the grate, and the imaging section in an incinerator according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a combustion control device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a state estimation device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows a coupling model configuration according to an embodiment. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating data assimilation according to the embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0012] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. Furthermore, in the drawings, the same or corresponding elements are appropriately denoted by the same reference numerals. It should also be noted that the drawings are schematic, and the dimensional relationships of each element may differ from those in reality. Even between drawings, there may be parts where the dimensional relationships and ratios differ.

[0013] [Embodiment] (Waste disposal system) Figure 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing a waste incineration facility according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the waste treatment system 1 according to the embodiment includes a waste incinerator 100, a boiler 109, a combustion control device 30 and a state estimation device 40 that can communicate with each other via a network 2. The combustion control device 30 is configured to control the waste incinerator 100.

[0014] Network 2 is composed of an Internet line network, a mobile phone line network, etc. Network 2 is, for example, a public communication network such as the Internet, and may include other communication networks such as a WAN (Wide Area Network), a mobile communication network, and a wireless communication network such as Wi-Fi (registered trademark). Note that the data transmitted and received in the communication between the combustion control device 30 and the state estimation device 40 may include operation management indicators important for the operation of the waste incinerator 100. In this case, considering the security of the transmitted and received data, the communication line between the combustion control device 30 and the state estimation device 40 can be a dedicated line or a VPN (Virtual Private Network) line. Note that the combustion control device 30 and the state estimation device 40 may be integrally configured, and the combustion control device 30 and the state estimation device 40 may be installed in the same facility as the waste incinerator 100 or in different facilities. When the waste incinerator 100, the combustion control device 30, and the state estimation device 40 are installed in separate facilities, communication of various information and various data is performed via Network 2.

[0015] (Waste Incinerator) As shown in FIG. 1, the waste incinerator 100 is a grate-type incinerator that incinerates the waste 50, and includes a furnace 101 where the waste 50 is burned, a waste input port 102 for inputting the waste 50, a waste supply device 103 for supplying the waste 50 to the furnace 101, and n grates 1041 to 104 n are provided. A boiler 109 used for power generation is connected to the waste incinerator 100. Note that the boiler 109 includes a heat exchanger 109a and a steam drum 109b installed on the downstream side of the furnace outlet 107, which is the outlet of the furnace 101. The grates 1041 to 104 nSince their configurations are the same, if there is no need to distinguish between them, the subscript is omitted and they are referred to as grates 104. The n grates 104 are classified into drying grates, combustion grates, and post-combustion grates, moving from the waste supply device 103 side, which is the upstream side of the transport of waste 50, to the ash outlet 105 side, which is the downstream side. The drying grates are grates placed in the drying stage for drying the waste 50 in the furnace 101, the combustion grates are grates placed in the combustion stage where the waste 50 in the furnace 101 burns, and the post-combustion grates are grates 104 placed in the post-combustion stage where the waste 50 in the furnace 101 is completely combusted.

[0016] The waste 50 introduced from the waste inlet 102 is supplied into the furnace 101 by a reciprocating waste supply device 103. The grate 104 is driven by a drive device (not shown) to reciprocate, stirring and moving the waste 50 inside the furnace 101. The waste 50 on the grate 104 is burned while being dried by the blowing of combustion air supplied from wind boxes 130a, 130b, and 130c located below the grate 104. Wind box 130a is located below the drying grate, wind box 130b is located below the combustion grate, and wind box 130c is located below the post-combustion grate. The ash generated by the combustion of the waste 50 falls through the ash outlet 105 and is discharged outside the furnace 101. The gas generated by the combustion of the waste 50 flows from the furnace outlet 107 to the boiler 109.

[0017] The total amount of combustion air supplied from below the fire grate 104 into the interior of the furnace 101 is adjusted by a combustion air damper 114 provided near the combustion air blower 106 and a bypass damper 126b. The flow rate of the combustion air supplied to each of the wind boxes 130a, 130b, and 130c is adjusted by under-fire combustion air dampers 114a, 114b, and 114c provided respectively in the pipes supplying combustion air to the wind boxes 130a, 130b, and 130c. That is, the ratio of the flow rate of the combustion air supplied to each of the wind boxes 130a, 130b, and 130c is adjusted by the under-fire combustion air dampers 114a, 114b, and 114c. In FIG. 1, below the fire grate 104 is divided into three wind boxes along the conveyance direction of the waste 50, and combustion air is supplied through each wind box. However, the number of wind boxes below the fire grate 104 and the number of under-fire combustion air dampers can be appropriately changed according to the scale and purpose of the waste incinerator 100, etc.

[0018] Furthermore, the combustion air damper 114 is connected to, for example, a preheater 126a connected in series and a bypass damper 126b connected in parallel. The preheater 126a heats the air supplied from the combustion air blower 106. By adjusting the opening degrees of the combustion air damper 114 and the bypass damper 126b, the temperature of the combustion air supplied from below the fire grate 104 into the interior of the furnace 101 is adjusted.

[0019] Cooling air is blown into the furnace 101 by a cooling air blower 111 from cooling air inlets 110 located on the furnace walls and ceiling of the furnace 101. The blowing of cooling air into the furnace 101 further burns unburned components in the combustion gas and prevents the furnace wall temperature from rising excessively. The flow rate of cooling air supplied into the furnace 101 from the cooling air inlets 110 is adjusted by a cooling air damper 115 installed in series with the cooling air blower 111. On the ceiling of the furnace 101, there is a recirculation blower 127 for supplying exhaust gas, from which dust has been removed and moisture has been removed, into the furnace 101, and an exhaust gas recirculation air damper 128 installed in series with the recirculation blower 127, which adjusts the flow rates of exhaust gas and combustion air when the combustion air and the exhaust gas supplied by the recirculation blower 127 are mixed and supplied into the furnace 101. Low air-to-air ratio combustion using the exhaust gas recirculation air damper 128 makes it possible to suppress the generation of NOx during combustion. The exhaust gas and combustion air, whose flow rates have been adjusted by the exhaust gas recirculation air damper 128, are blown into the furnace 101 from the inlet 110a.

[0020] An intermediate ceiling 116 is provided inside the furnace 101 at an upper position along the height direction of the furnace 101. The gas flowing inside the furnace 101 is blocked by the intermediate ceiling 116, and the grates 1041-104 nThe waste 50 can be discharged in two separate streams: a gas containing a large amount of combustible gas generated during the waste drying and main combustion processes upstream of the transport direction, and combustion exhaust gas generated during the post-combustion process downstream. Specifically, the combustion exhaust gas flows through a flue (main flue) below the intermediate ceiling 116, while the gas containing a large amount of combustible gas flows through a flue (secondary flue) above the intermediate ceiling 116. The combustion exhaust gas and the gas containing a large amount of combustible gas merge at a gas mixing section located on the furnace outlet 107 side of the furnace 101. A secondary combustion air inlet 110b is provided at the gas mixing section at the furnace outlet 107. Air to promote secondary combustion is supplied to the secondary combustion air inlet 110b by a secondary combustion air blower 140. The flow rate of the secondary combustion air is adjusted by a secondary combustion air damper 141 connected in series with the secondary combustion air blower 140. When the combustion exhaust gas and the gas containing a large amount of combustible gas merge in the gas mixing section, the agitation and mixing of the gases in the gas mixing section are further promoted, and the mixed gas undergoes secondary combustion when secondary combustion air is supplied. As a result, combustion in the secondary combustion is more stable, the generation of dioxins during the combustion process is suppressed, and the generation of unburned waste can be suppressed. Note that the furnace 101 may be configured without an intermediate ceiling 116.

[0021] Multiple sensors are installed in the furnace 101 and boiler 109. Specifically, the furnace 101 is equipped with a furnace inlet temperature sensor 117 and a furnace internal temperature sensor 118 as sensors for measuring the temperature inside the furnace 101. The furnace inlet temperature sensor 117 is installed near the furnace inlet where the waste 50 is supplied to the furnace 101, and the furnace internal temperature sensor 118 is installed, for example, above the combustion grate. The furnace 101 is also equipped with a generated gas sensor 119 and a boiler inlet gas sensor 120 as sensors for measuring the gas generated in the furnace 101. The generated gas sensor 119 measures the amount, temperature, composition, etc. of the gas generated by the combustion of the waste 50. The boiler inlet gas sensor 120 measures the amount, temperature, composition, etc. of the gas flowing from the furnace outlet 107 into the boiler 109. The boiler 109 is equipped with steam sensors 121a and 121b. The steam sensor 121a measures the temperature and flow rate of steam flowing from the steam drum 109b into the heat exchanger 109a. The steam sensor 121b measures the temperature and flow rate of steam discharged from the heat exchanger 109a.

[0022] The measurements from these sensors are transmitted to the combustion control device 30 and stored in the combustion control device 30 as combustion process measurements. The measurements from these sensors are also transmitted to the state estimation device 40 and stored in the state estimation device 40 as combustion process measurements.

[0023] An imaging unit 125 is provided downstream of the waste transport direction in the furnace 101. The imaging unit 125 includes, for example, a flame-transmitting camera consisting of an infrared camera, and an image processing unit that processes the captured image data. The imaging unit 125 captures the combustion state of the waste 50 on the grate 104 and stores the transmitted image data, which is thermal image data generated from the captured thermal image information, in the combustion control device 30. Alternatively, the imaging unit 125 may store the transmitted image data in the state estimation device 40.

[0024] Figure 2 is a side view showing the installation state of the imaging unit 125. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the imaging unit 125 is installed in a position that is substantially directly opposite to the waste supply unit 112 and the stepped wall 113. However, the installation of the imaging unit 125 is not limited to a position that is substantially directly opposite to the waste supply unit 112 and the stepped wall 113. The imaging unit 125 can be installed in various positions as long as it is possible to image at least the waste 50 on the grate 104 and the boundary portion between other objects, in this case the stepped wall 113 and the grate 104. The imaging unit 125 may be installed outside the furnace in close proximity to a window provided in the furnace wall 101a, or it may be installed inside the furnace 101 with a water-cooled structure. As shown in Figure 2, the pre-supply waste 51, which is the waste 50 before it is supplied into the furnace 101, falls from the waste supply unit 112 onto the grate 104 at the portion of the stepped wall 113. The waste 52 on the grate, which is the waste 50 that has fallen onto the grate 104, is agitated by the reciprocating motion of the grate 104 and moved forward towards the imaging unit 125.

[0025] The boiler 109 is installed downstream of the secondary combustion section, where secondary combustion takes place, along the direction of transport of the waste 50. The exhaust gas generated by secondary combustion has its thermal energy recovered by the heat exchanger 109a of the boiler 109, and then flows through the flue 11 to a dust removal device 12 consisting of a bag filter and the like. The boiler 109 is equipped with a boiler outlet oxygen concentration sensor 122 on its outlet side to measure the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas.

[0026] In the flue 11, for example, chemicals such as slaked lime and activated carbon are blown into the exhaust gas along with carbon dioxide from the chemical supply device 13. When the chemicals are blown into the exhaust gas, they bind to pollutants such as hydrogen chloride and sulfur oxides contained in the exhaust gas. The dust removal device 12 collects and removes the dust and pollutants contained in the exhaust gas that has flowed through the flue 11, along with the chemicals to which they have bound. An induced draft fan 14 is connected to the dust removal device 12. The induced draft fan 14 draws in the exhaust gas from which dust has been removed by the dust removal device 12. The exhaust gas drawn in by the induced draft fan 14 is sent to the wet scrubber 15.

[0027] The wet scrubber 15 is an exhaust gas cleaning means that cleans the exhaust gas, for example by bringing an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution into contact with the exhaust gas to remove water, sulfides, chlorides, etc. from the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas that has been cleaned by the wet scrubber 15 and contains carbon dioxide is branched and sent to the recirculation blower 127 and the chimney 108. The exhaust gas sent to the chimney 108 is exhausted to the outside.

[0028] The flue 11 is equipped with a gas concentration sensor 123 for measuring the concentrations of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. The flue 11 is also equipped with an exhaust gas flow rate sensor 124 for measuring the amount of exhaust gas. The gas concentration and flow rate measurements obtained by the boiler outlet oxygen concentration sensor 122, the gas concentration sensor 123, and the exhaust gas flow rate sensor 124 are stored as combustion process measurements in the memory unit 34 and state estimation device 40 of the combustion control device 30. These combustion process measurements are also simply referred to as measurement values.

[0029] (Combustion control device) Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the combustion control device 30. The combustion control device 30 comprises a calculation control unit 31, a manipulated variable reference value adjustment unit 32, a manipulated variable reference value correction unit 33, a storage unit 34, a manipulated variable adjustment unit 35, and a communication unit 36. Specifically, the calculation control unit 31, the manipulated variable reference value adjustment unit 32, the manipulated variable reference value correction unit 33, and the manipulated variable adjustment unit 35 include a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), DSP (Digital Signal Processor), or FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) with hardware, and a main memory unit such as RAM (Random Access Memory) or ROM (Read Only Memory) (none of which are shown).

[0030] The storage unit 34 is composed of a storage medium selected from volatile memory such as RAM, non-volatile memory such as ROM, EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), hard disk drive (HDD), and removable media. Removable media include, for example, USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory, or disk recording media such as CD (Compact Disc), DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), or BD (Blu-ray® Disc). Alternatively, the storage unit 34 may be configured using a computer-readable recording medium such as an externally insertable memory card.

[0031] The storage unit 34 stores the operating system (OS), various programs, various tables, various databases, etc., for executing the operation of the combustion control device 30. Here, the various programs include information processing programs that realize processing based on models such as the learning model and the trained model according to this embodiment. These various programs can also be recorded on computer-readable recording media such as hard disks, flash memory, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, and flexible disks and widely distributed. The storage unit 34 has a setting value database 341 that stores the incineration amount setting value and evaporation amount setting value input from an external source as information, and a measurement value database 342 that stores the combustion process measurement value (also called process data) related to combustion obtained from the waste incinerator 100 as information. The storage unit 34 may be located on another server that can communicate via various networks.

[0032] The combustion control device 30 controls the combustion air volume, secondary combustion air volume, cooling air volume, waste supply device feed speed, and grate feed speed as the control variables at each control end, based on a predetermined control variable reference value setting relation. The combustion control device 30 also controls stopping and operating the waste supply device feed speed and grate feed speed. The control variable reference value setting relation is a relational expression between the waste incineration amount setting value and / or waste quality setting value and the control variable reference value (target value of the control variable), and includes control parameters as correction coefficients. The control parameters are adjusted by the control variable reference value adjustment unit 32 to match the waste incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value. When at least one of the waste incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value is changed, the adjusted control parameters are changed by the control variable reference value adjustment unit 32 in accordance with the changed setting value. The change in control parameters corrects the preset control variable reference value.

[0033] The calculation control unit 31 performs various controls and calculations. Specifically, for example, the calculation control unit 31 can derive the amount of evaporation per unit of time generated by the combustion of waste in the waste incinerator 100 over a predetermined period, for example, one day (24 hours), as an evaporation amount set value. Also, when the calculation control unit 31 functions as a waste calculation unit, for example, it can calculate the waste quality (lower heating value of waste) according to the waste incineration amount set value. The manipulated variable reference value adjustment unit 32 can adjust the manipulated variable reference value by adjusting the control parameters included in the manipulated variable reference value setting relation. The manipulated variable reference value correction unit 33 can correct the manipulated variable reference value adjusted by the manipulated variable reference value adjustment unit 32 based on a predetermined control algorithm (such as PID control or fuzzy calculation). The data referenced by the calculation control unit 31, the manipulated variable reference value adjustment unit 32, and the manipulated variable reference value correction unit 33 are stored in the storage unit 34 in a readable format. The memory unit 34 stores a predetermined relational expression for setting the reference value of the manipulated variable, a control algorithm, an evaporation amount setting value and an incineration amount setting value input from an external source, and combustion process measurement values ​​transmitted from the waste incinerator 100 and acquired as combustion state amounts within the furnace 101.

[0034] The control volume adjustment unit 35 adjusts the respective control volume at each control end so that it follows the control volume reference value. Specifically, the control volume adjustment unit 35 includes a combustion air volume adjustment unit 351, an air volume ratio adjustment unit 352, a cooling air volume adjustment unit 353, a waste supply device feed speed adjustment unit 354, a grate feed speed adjustment unit 355, a combustion air temperature adjustment unit 356, and an exhaust gas recirculation air flow rate adjustment unit 357.

[0035] The combustion air volume adjustment unit 351 adjusts the operating amount of the combustion air damper 114 so that the combustion air volume follows the operating amount reference value corrected by the operating amount reference value correction unit 33 (hereinafter referred to as the corrected operating amount reference value). The combustion air volume adjustment unit 351 also adjusts the operating amount of the secondary combustion air damper 141 so that the combustion air volume follows the operating amount reference value corrected by the operating amount reference value correction unit 33. The air volume ratio adjustment unit 352 controls the lower grate combustion air dampers 114a, 114b, and 114c respectively to adjust the flow rate and air ratio in each windbox. The cooling air volume adjustment unit 353 adjusts the operating amount so that the cooling air volume follows the corrected operating amount reference value. Here, the amount of combustion air and the amount of cooling air are adjusted by controlling the opening degrees of the combustion air damper 114, the bypass damper 126b, the under-grate combustion air dampers 114a, 114b, and 114c, and the cooling air damper 115, respectively. The waste supply device feed speed adjustment unit 354 adjusts the control amount so that the waste supply device feed speed follows the correction control amount reference value. The grate feed speed adjustment unit 355 adjusts the control amount so that the grate feed speed follows the correction control amount reference value. The combustion air temperature adjustment unit 356 controls the opening degrees of the combustion air damper 114 and the bypass damper 126b, respectively, so that the temperature of the combustion air follows the correction control amount reference value. The exhaust gas recirculation air flow rate adjustment unit 357 controls the exhaust gas recirculation air damper 128 so that the flow rates of the recirculated exhaust gas and air follow the correction control amount reference value. If the manipulated variable reference value has not been corrected by the manipulated variable reference value correction unit 33, the manipulated variable adjustment unit 35 adjusts each manipulated variable based on the uncorrected manipulated variable reference value.

[0036] The communication unit 36 ​​is, for example, a LAN (Local Area Network) interface board or a wireless communication circuit for wireless communication. The LAN interface board and wireless communication circuit are connected to network 2, such as the Internet, which is a public communication network. The communication unit 36 ​​is connected to network 2 and configured to communicate with the state estimation device 40 and other devices and servers.

[0037] (State estimation device) Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a state estimation device 40, which is a device for estimating the state of the waste treatment system 1. The state estimation device 40 is an example of an information processing device according to the present invention. The state estimation device 40 has the configuration of a general computer that can communicate via a network 2. The state estimation device 40 comprises a control unit 41, a storage unit 42, a communication unit 43, an input / output unit 44, and an interface 45. The control unit 41, storage unit 42, and communication unit 43 are physically and functionally the same as the calculation control unit 31, storage unit 34, and communication unit 36 ​​described above, respectively. The state estimation device 40 functions as an information processing device that derives the state of the furnace 101 and the state of the boiler 109. The interface 45 acquires transmission image data generated by the imaging unit 125 and measurement values ​​from the various sensors, concentration meters, and flow meters mentioned above.

[0038] The input / output unit 44, as an output means, displays images of the waste 50 inside the furnace 101 on a display monitor, such as an organic EL panel or a liquid crystal display panel, or displays characters or figures on a touch panel display screen, or outputs sound from a speaker, according to the control unit 41. The input / output unit 44, as an input means, is configured using a user interface such as a keyboard, input buttons, levers, a touch panel for manual input superimposed on a display such as a liquid crystal, or a microphone for voice recognition. The input / output unit 44 is configured to allow a user to input predetermined information to the control unit 41 by operating it. That is, the input / output unit 44 is composed of, for example, a keyboard, a touch panel keyboard built into the display unit to detect touch operations on the display panel, or a voice input device that enables communication with the outside. The input / output unit 44 may also be configured with the output unit and input unit as separate components.

[0039] The control unit 41 loads the program stored in the storage unit 42 into the working area of ​​the main memory and executes it, thereby controlling each component through the execution of the program and realizing a function that matches a predetermined purpose. In this embodiment, the control unit 41 executes the function of the combustion calculation unit 412 by executing the combustion calculation program stored in the storage unit 42. Details of the function of the combustion calculation unit 412 will be described later.

[0040] The storage unit 42 has the same functional and physical configuration as the storage unit 34 described above, and is composed of a storage medium selected from volatile memory such as RAM, non-volatile memory such as ROM, EPROM, HDD, and removable media. Removable media include, for example, USB memory, or disk recording media such as CD, DVD, or BD. Alternatively, the storage unit 42 may be configured using a computer-readable recording medium such as an externally insertable memory card.

[0041] The memory unit 42 can store an OS for executing the operation of the state estimation device 40, various programs, various tables, various databases, etc. Here, the various programs include information processing programs that realize control using the learning model or a pre-trained model according to this embodiment. The memory unit 42 may be installed on another server that can communicate via various networks, or it may be installed on the combustion control device 30.

[0042] Specifically, the storage unit 42 stores the image database 421, the combustion information database 422, the grate model 425, the gas-phase combustion model 426, and the boiler model 427. In this embodiment, the databases (DBs) described are constructed by a database management system (DBMS) program executed by the aforementioned processor, which manages the data stored in the storage unit 42. The image database 421 and the combustion information database 422 are, for example, relational databases (RDBs). However, the databases stored in the storage unit 42 are not limited to those described above.

[0043] The image database 421 stores image data from inside the furnace 101, such as transmission image data obtained by the imaging unit 125, in a searchable format. The combustion information database 422 stores various data, including various process data such as measurements taken by various sensors in the waste treatment system 1, values ​​calculated based on the measurements taken by the sensors, and values ​​calculated based on transmission image data, in a searchable format. These image databases 421 and combustion information databases 422 can be constructed using big data, etc. In this case, the image databases 421 and combustion information databases 422 can also be stored in the storage of other servers accessible via the network 2.

[0044] (Grate model) The grate model 425 is a state-space model that represents the state of the waste 52 on the grate and the state of the gas generated from the waste 52 on the grate by combustion using state equations and observation equations. The grate model 423 is constructed based on predetermined relationships.

[0045] The input values ​​for the grate model 425 are, for example, process data such as waste supply amount, waste composition, primary combustion air amount, furnace temperature, and grate feed rate. The waste supply amount is the amount of waste 50 supplied from the waste supply unit 112 onto the grate 104. The waste supply amount is derived, for example, based on a difference image obtained by image processing the difference between a first image obtained by imaging the waste 50 in the furnace 101 with the imaging unit 125 at an arbitrary time and a second image obtained by imaging the waste 50 with the imaging unit 125 a predetermined time after the first image was taken. The waste composition is the composition of the waste 50 supplied from the waste supply unit 112 onto the grate 104. The waste composition is obtained, for example, by sampling the waste 50 introduced into the waste inlet 102 and performing a compositional analysis on the sampled waste 50. The primary combustion air amount is the amount of air supplied from below the grate 104 into the furnace 101 by the grate-under combustion air dampers 114a, 114b, and 114c. The amount of primary combustion air is obtained, for example, from process data. The furnace temperature is, for example, the temperature near the furnace inlet where the waste 50 is supplied to the furnace 101, and is a measurement taken by the furnace inlet temperature sensor 117. The grate feed speed is the speed at which the grate 104 reciprocates. The grate feed speed is obtained from the combustion control device 30.

[0046] The state variables of the grate model 425 are, for example, the representative temperature of the generated gas, the waste temperature, the amount of combustible material generated, the composition of the combustible material, the amount of waste on the grate, and the composition of the waste on the grate. The waste temperature is the temperature of the waste 52 on the grate. The representative temperature of the generated gas is the estimated representative temperature of the gas generated by the combustion of the waste 52 on the grate. The amount of combustible material generated is the amount of combustible material generated on the grate 104. The composition of the combustible material is the composition of the combustible material generated on the grate 104. The amount of waste on the grate is the amount of waste 52 on the grate, expressed as mass. The composition of the waste on the grate is the composition of the waste 52 on the grate.

[0047] The output values, which are the observed variables of the grate model 425, are the observed variables of the grate model 425, and include, for example, waste temperature, representative temperature of generated gas, amount of generated gas, composition of generated gas, amount of waste on the grate, composition of waste on the grate, total weight of waste on the grate, and waste shape. The amount of generated gas is the amount of gas generated from the waste 52 on the grate by combustion. The composition of generated gas is the composition of the gas generated from the waste 52 on the grate by combustion. The waste shape is the surface shape of the waste 52 on the grate. The total weight of waste on the grate is the total weight of waste 52 on the grate 104.

[0048] The observed value for the grate model 425 is the total weight of waste on the grate. The observed total weight of waste on the grate is derived, for example, by deriving the volume of waste 52 on the grate based on transmission image data, and then deriving it based on that volume.

[0049] (Gas-phase combustion model) The gas-phase combustion model 426 is a state-space model that represents the combustion state of combustible gas generated by the combustion of waste 52 on the grate using a state equation and an observation equation. The gas-phase combustion model 426 is constructed based on predetermined relational equations. The input values ​​for the gas-phase combustion model 426 are, for example, process data such as the representative temperature of the generated gas, the amount of generated gas, the composition of the generated gas, the amount of secondary combustion air, and the furnace temperature. The representative temperature of the generated gas is the representative temperature of the generated gas, which is the output value of the grate model 425. The amount of generated gas is the amount of gas measured by the generated gas sensor 119. The composition of the generated gas is the composition of the gas measured by the generated gas sensor 119. The amount of secondary combustion air is the amount of air supplied into the furnace 101 from the secondary combustion air port 110b. The amount of secondary combustion air is obtained, for example, from process data. The furnace temperature is, for example, the temperature above the grate 104 and is a measurement value from the furnace temperature sensor 118.

[0050] The state variables of the gas-phase combustion model 426 are, for example, the representative temperature of the generated gas and the representative temperature of the boiler inlet gas. The representative temperature of the boiler inlet gas is the estimated representative temperature of the gas generated in furnace 101 and flowing from furnace outlet 107 to the inlet of boiler 109.

[0051] The output values, which are the observed variables of the gas-phase combustion model 426, are, for example, the boiler inlet gas representative temperature, the amount of post-combustion gas, the composition of the post-combustion gas, and the flame temperature. The flame temperature is the temperature of the flame generated by the combustion of the waste 52 on the grate. The amount of post-combustion gas is the amount of exhaust gas flowing from the furnace 101 to the boiler 109, and includes the amount of gas containing CO2 and H2O after the combustible gas generated from the waste 52 on the grate has burned, as well as O2 and N2 from the air blown into the furnace 101. The composition of the post-combustion gas is the composition of the exhaust gas flowing from the furnace 101 to the boiler 109.

[0052] The observed value of the gas-phase combustion model 426 is, for example, the temperature of the flame inside the furnace 101. The flame temperature as an observed value is derived, for example, based on transmission image data generated by the imaging unit 125.

[0053] (Boiler model) The boiler model 427 is a state-space model that represents the state of steam in boiler 109 and the state of gas flowing from boiler 109 to flue 11 using state equations and observation equations. The boiler model 427 is constructed based on predetermined relationships. The input values ​​for the boiler model 427 are, for example, process data such as boiler inlet gas representative temperature, post-combustion gas volume, post-combustion gas composition, pre-heating steam temperature, and pre-heating steam flow rate. The boiler inlet gas representative temperature is the generated gas representative temperature, which is the output value of the grate model 425. The post-combustion gas volume is the gas volume measured by the boiler inlet gas sensor 120. The post-combustion gas composition is the gas composition measured by the boiler inlet gas sensor 120. The pre-heating steam temperature is the temperature measured by the steam sensor 121a, and the pre-heating steam flow rate is the flow rate measured by the steam sensor 121a.

[0054] The state variables of the boiler model 427 are, for example, the boiler inlet gas representative temperature and the boiler outlet gas representative temperature. The boiler outlet gas representative temperature is the representative temperature of the gas flowing from the boiler 109 to the flue 11.

[0055] The observed variables for boiler model 427 are the output value, the boiler outlet gas representative temperature, the steam temperature after heating, and the steam flow rate after heating. The steam flow rate after heating is the flow rate of steam flowing from heat exchanger 109a to steam drum 109b. The steam temperature after heating is the temperature of the steam flowing from heat exchanger 109a to steam drum 109b.

[0056] The observed values ​​of the boiler model 427 are, for example, the post-heating steam temperature and the post-heating steam flow rate. The post-heating steam flow rate is the temperature measured by the steam sensor 121b, and the post-heating steam flow rate is the flow rate measured by the steam sensor 121b.

[0057] Figure 5 shows a combined model 430 formed by combining the grate model 425, the gas-phase combustion model 426, and the boiler model 427. The combustion calculation unit 412 reads the grate model 425, the gas-phase combustion model 426, and the boiler model 427 in order to estimate the state of the waste treatment system 1. The combustion calculation unit 412 constructs a combined model 430 by combining the read models, and estimates the state of the waste treatment system 1 by performing data assimilation processing on a data assimilation model 440 that includes the constructed combined model 430.

[0058] The grate model 425 estimates the representative temperature of the generated gas based on the input values ​​related to the grate model 425. In the coupled model 430, the representative temperature of the generated gas, which is the output value of the grate model 425, becomes the input value of the gas-phase combustion model 426. The gas-phase combustion model 426 estimates the representative temperature of the boiler inlet gas based on the representative temperature of the generated gas and the input values ​​related to the gas-phase combustion model 426. The representative temperature of the boiler inlet gas, which is the output value of the gas-phase combustion model 426, becomes the input value of the boiler model 427. The boiler model 427 estimates the representative temperature of the boiler outlet gas based on the representative temperature of the boiler inlet gas and the input values ​​related to the boiler model 427.

[0059] The combustion calculation unit 412 combines the state variables of each model when performing data assimilation and performs data assimilation as a single state variable vector. The data assimilation process in this embodiment is a combined data assimilation process that takes into account the interactions between each model: the grate model 425, the gas-phase combustion model 426, and the boiler model 427. Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating data assimilation to the state variable vector. The state variable vector VE includes the grate model state variable v1, which is the state variable of the grate model 425; the gas-phase combustion model state variable v2, which is the state variable of the gas-phase combustion model 426; and the boiler model state variable v3, which is the state variable of the boiler model 427. The combustion calculation unit 412 calculates the state variable that brings the difference between the observed value (output value) and the observed value closest through data assimilation, and updates the grate model state variable v1, gas-phase combustion model state variable v2, and boiler model state variable v3 included in the state variable vector VE with the calculation result.

[0060] For example, the combustion calculation unit 412 performs data assimilation of state variable vector VE using the observed value ov1 (total weight of debris on the grate) from the grate model 425, the observed value ov2 (flame temperature) from the gas-phase combustion model 426, and the observed value ov3 (heated steam temperature and heated steam flow rate) from the boiler model 427.

[0061] When performing data assimilation in the state-space model, the combustion calculation unit 412 performs data assimilation using, for example, a Kalman filter. Data assimilation is a process in which, when an observed value is obtained, the state variables of the state-space model are successively modified based on the distance between the observed value and the output value. In other words, it is a process that calculates the state variables that bring the output value closest to the observed value and updates the state variables with the calculation result.

[0062] The state equation of a state-space model is a function of the state at the previous time point, for example, if the state variable is z t In that case, it can be expressed by equation (1). Equation of state: z t =f(Z t-1 )···(1)

[0063] The observation equation is a function with the state variables derived from the state equation as variables. For example, when the observation variable is x t it is expressed by Equation (2). Observation equation: x t = h(z t ) ··· (2)

[0064] When the state equation f and the observation equation h are linear and the error is normally distributed, the following Equations (3) to (5) hold.

[0065]

Number

[0066]

Number

[0067]

Number

[0068]

Table 1

[0069] In data assimilation using a Kalman filter, the state variables are sequentially corrected based on equations (3) to (5). In the second term on the right-hand side of equation (3), a correction coefficient called the Kalman gain is multiplied by the difference between the observed value and the observed variable. Therefore, the mean value of the state variable after filtering by the Kalman filter is corrected more as the difference between the observed value and the observed variable increases. Note that in the right-hand side of equation (4), the Kalman gain is between 0 and 1, meaning that the correction is greater as the Kalman gain increases. Regarding the Kalman gain, the larger the variance of the observed variable, i.e., the lower the reliability of the observed value, the smaller the Kalman gain. Therefore, the correction amount by the observed value (second term on the right-hand side) relative to the mean value of the filtered state variable also decreases. Conversely, the smaller the variance of the observed variable, i.e., the higher the reliability of the observed value, the larger the Kalman gain, and the larger the correction amount by the observed value relative to the mean value of the filtered state variable.

[0070] Furthermore, the combustion calculation unit 412 may use an extended Kalman filter or an unscented Kalman filter when performing data assimilation.

[0071] According to this embodiment, since data assimilation is performed on a combined model 430 that combines multiple state-space models, the discrepancy between state variables and observed values ​​for each model can be corrected by considering the interactions of the multiple models, thereby improving the accuracy of estimation. Furthermore, since the state variables are optimized for the combined model 430, the output values ​​of each model are optimized as input values ​​for the interacting models, thereby improving the accuracy of state estimation in the models.

[0072] In the embodiments described above, the coupled model 430 includes a grate model 425, a gas-phase combustion model 426, and a boiler model 427, but is not limited to including these three models. The coupled model 430 may include two or more of the grate model 425, the gas-phase combustion model 426, and the boiler model 427. For example, it may include the grate model 425 and the gas-phase combustion model 426, but not the boiler model 427. When the combustion calculation unit 412 performs data assimilation on a model that includes the grate model 425 and the gas-phase combustion model 426, but not the boiler model 427, it performs data assimilation of the state variable vector VE using, for example, the observed value ov1 (total weight of debris on the grate) of the grate model 425 and the observed value ov2 (flame temperature) of the gas-phase combustion model 426.

[0073] In the embodiment described above, the observed value ov1 of the grate model 425, the observed value ov2 of the gas-phase combustion model 426, and the observed value ov3 of the boiler model 427 are used for the data assimilation model 440 which includes the grate model 425, the gas-phase combustion model 426, and the boiler model 427. However, the configuration is not limited to using observed values ​​ov1, ov2, and ov3, and a configuration using two or more observed values ​​from observed values ​​ov1, ov2, and ov3 may also be used. For example, the observed value ov3 of the boiler model 427 may not be used, and data assimilation may be performed using the observed value ov1 of the grate model 425 and the observed value ov2 of the gas-phase combustion model 426, which are selected from the observed value ov1 of the grate model 425 and the observed value ov2 of the gas-phase combustion model 426. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0074] 1. Waste disposal system 30 Combustion control device 40 State Estimation Device 50 waste 51 Pre-supply waste 52 Waste on the grate 101 Furnace 104 Fire grates 109 Boiler 425 Grill Model 426 Gas-phase combustion model 427 Boiler Model 430 Combined Models 440 Data Assimilation Models

Claims

1. An information processing device used in a waste treatment system comprising a waste incinerator having a grate and a boiler that generates steam by the heat of gas flowing from the waste incinerator, The information processing device includes a control unit, The control unit, Process data is obtained from the aforementioned waste treatment system, A combined model is formed by combining two or more models from among a grate model that estimates the state of waste on the grate and the state of gas generated from said waste, a gas-phase combustion model that estimates the combustion state of said gas using the estimation results of the grate model as input, and a boiler model that estimates the state of steam generated in said boiler using the estimation results of the gas-phase combustion model as input, and the state of said waste treatment system is estimated based on the process data. Obtain the observed values ​​of the aforementioned grate model, the observed values ​​of the aforementioned gas-phase combustion model, and the observed values ​​of the aforementioned boiler model. The state variables of the model included in the aforementioned combined model are subjected to data assimilation using selected observations from the acquired observations. Information processing device.

2. Each of the state variables of the grate model, the gas-phase combustion model, and the boiler model is subjected to data assimilation processing using two or more observed values ​​from among the observed values ​​of the grate model, the gas-phase combustion model, and the boiler model. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1.

3. The aforementioned data assimilation process is a process using a Kalman filter. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2.

4. An information processing method performed by a control unit of an information processing device used in a waste treatment system comprising a waste incinerator having a grate and a boiler that generates steam by the heat of gas flowing from the waste incinerator, The control unit, The steps include: acquiring process data from the aforementioned waste treatment system; A combined model comprising two or more models from among a grate model that estimates the state of waste on the grate and the state of gas generated from said waste, a gas-phase combustion model that estimates the combustion state of said gas using the estimation result of the grate model as input, and a boiler model that estimates the state of steam generated in said boiler using the estimation result of the gas-phase combustion model as input, and a step of estimating the state of said waste treatment system based on the process data, The steps include obtaining observed values ​​of the aforementioned grate model, observed values ​​of the aforementioned gas-phase combustion model, and observed values ​​of the aforementioned boiler model, The steps include: performing data assimilation processing on the state variables of the model included in the combined model using observed values ​​selected from the obtained observed values, An information processing method comprising the following:

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