A method for determining blood glucose fluctuations and a method for testing the likelihood of daily discomfort occurring after carbohydrate intake, for predicting the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake.

Abstract

To provide an indicator that can be used to predict the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake. [Solution] A method for determining blood glucose fluctuations for predicting the occurrence of daily problems after carbohydrate intake, which includes the step of determining blood glucose fluctuations from blood glucose measurements of a subject who has consumed carbohydrates, wherein the blood glucose fluctuations are the slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax) obtained from the highest blood glucose rise ΔCmax (mg / dL) after the start of carbohydrate intake and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach ΔCmax, or ΔCmax itself, and the blood glucose fluctuations are used as an indicator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a blood glucose fluctuation value for predicting the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate ingestion. The present invention also relates to the use of the blood glucose fluctuation value as an indicator of daily discomfort after carbohydrate ingestion. The present invention further relates to a method for testing the likelihood of occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate ingestion, etc.

Background Art

[0002] Blood glucose level is the concentration of glucose in the blood. Patent Document 1 discloses a method including obtaining a blood glucose measurement value provided by a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system worn by a user, obtaining additional data associated with the user obtained from one or more sources different from the CGM system, and predicting a health index of the user by processing the blood glucose measurement value and the additional data using one or more models. Patent Document 1 describes poor health conditions such as prediabetes, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, etc. as predicted health indices.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] By the way, after ingesting carbohydrates, daily discomfort such as an increase in fatigue may occur. If it is possible to predict the occurrence or non-occurrence of daily discomfort such as an increase in fatigue after carbohydrate ingestion, it is considered possible to take measures such as preventing the occurrence of such discomfort or taking actions assuming the occurrence of discomfort. Patent Document 1 does not describe daily discomfort that occurs after carbohydrate ingestion.

[0005] The present invention aims to provide an index that can be used to predict the occurrence of everyday problems after carbohydrate intake. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The inventors of this invention have conducted extensive research to solve the above problems and have found that the blood glucose fluctuation value obtained from blood glucose measurements of subjects who have consumed carbohydrates, specifically the peak blood glucose rise ΔCmax (mg / dL) after the start of carbohydrate intake, is useful as an indicator for predicting the occurrence of daily ailments after carbohydrate intake. Furthermore, the inventors have found that the slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax), obtained from ΔCmax (mg / dL) and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach ΔCmax, is also useful as an indicator for predicting the occurrence of daily ailments after carbohydrate intake.

[0007] In other words, the present invention relates to methods for determining blood glucose fluctuation values, etc., although it is not limited to these. [1] Includes a step of determining blood glucose fluctuations from blood glucose measurements of subjects who have consumed carbohydrates, A method for determining blood glucose fluctuations to predict the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake, using blood glucose fluctuations as an indicator, wherein the blood glucose fluctuation value is either the slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax) calculated from the peak blood glucose rise ΔCmax (mg / dL) after the start of carbohydrate intake and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach ΔCmax, or ΔCmax itself. [2] The method according to [1] above, wherein the daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake is a daily discomfort that occurs after the blood glucose level reaches ΔCmax. [3] The method according to [1] or [2] above, wherein the daily discomfort is at least one selected from the group consisting of increased fatigue, increased drowsiness, decreased concentration, decreased attention, increased stress, decreased performance, decreased vitality, and decreased mood. [4] The method according to any one of [1] to [3] above, wherein the daily discomfort is at least one selected from the group consisting of increased fatigue, increased drowsiness, and decreased concentration. [5] A method according to any of [1] to [4] above for predicting that daily problems will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax / Tmax is 1.45 or greater. [6] The method according to any of [1] to [5] above for predicting that daily discomfort will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax exceeds 49. [7] Use of blood glucose fluctuations as an indicator of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake, The blood glucose fluctuation value is either the slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax) calculated from the peak blood glucose increase ΔCmax (mg / dL) after the start of carbohydrate intake and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach ΔCmax, or ΔCmax itself. [8] Use as an indicator of daily ailments after carbohydrate intake, or use for predicting the occurrence of daily ailments after carbohydrate intake, as described in [7] above. [9] The use described in [7] or [8] above, wherein the daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake is a daily discomfort that occurs after the blood glucose level reaches ΔCmax.

[10] The use described in any of [7] to [9] above, wherein the daily discomfort is at least one selected from the group consisting of increased fatigue, increased drowsiness, decreased concentration, decreased attention, increased stress, decreased performance, decreased vitality, and decreased mood.

[11] The use described in any of [7] to

[10] above, wherein the daily discomfort is at least one selected from the group consisting of increased fatigue, increased drowsiness, and decreased concentration.

[12] Use as described in any of [7] to

[11] above to predict that daily problems will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax / Tmax is 1.45 or greater.

[13] Use as described in any of [7] to

[12] above to predict that daily discomfort will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax exceeds 49.

[14] Includes a step of determining blood glucose fluctuations from blood glucose measurements of subjects who have consumed carbohydrates, A method for testing the likelihood of daily discomfort occurring after carbohydrate intake by comparing the blood glucose fluctuation value with the following criteria (I) or (II), where the blood glucose fluctuation value is the slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax) calculated from the peak blood glucose rise ΔCmax (mg / dL) after the start of carbohydrate intake and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach ΔCmax. (I) A ΔCmax / Tmax of 1.45 or higher indicates a higher likelihood of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake, while a ΔCmax / Tmax of less than 1.45 indicates a lower likelihood of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake. (II) A ΔCmax of over 49 indicates a higher likelihood of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake, while a ΔCmax of 49 or less indicates a lower likelihood of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an index that can be used to predict the occurrence of daily ailments after carbohydrate intake. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows the fatigue assessment results for the first tertile (No. 27-38) in the ΔCmax stratified analysis (n=12). [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows the fatigue assessment results for the second tertile (No. 14-26) in the ΔCmax stratified analysis (n=13). [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows the fatigue assessment results for the third tertile (No. 1-13) in the ΔCmax stratified analysis (n=13, *p<0.05). [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows the fatigue assessment results for the first biquartile (No. 20-38) in the stratified analysis of the blood glucose slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) (n=19). [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows the results of fatigue assessment for the second biquartile (No. 1-19) in the stratified analysis of the blood glucose slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) (n=19, †: p<0.1). [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] The present invention provides a method for determining blood glucose fluctuations, which is used as an indicator to predict the occurrence of daily ailments after carbohydrate intake. The method for determining blood glucose fluctuations includes the step of determining blood glucose fluctuations from blood glucose measurements of a subject who has consumed carbohydrates. In the present invention, the blood glucose fluctuation value is either the slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax) obtained from the highest blood glucose elevation ΔCmax (mg / dL) after the start of carbohydrate intake and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach ΔCmax, or ΔCmax itself. In the above method, blood glucose fluctuations are determined to predict the occurrence of daily ailments after carbohydrate intake. By determining blood glucose fluctuations from blood glucose measurements of a subject who has consumed carbohydrates, it is possible to predict the occurrence of daily ailments after consuming the same type and amount of carbohydrates as in the above method. The above blood glucose fluctuation value can be used as an indicator for predicting the occurrence of daily ailments after consuming the same type and amount of carbohydrates as those consumed when determining it.

[0011] In this specification, "daily discomfort" refers to a transient state of ill health in daily life. Specific examples of daily discomfort in this invention include increased fatigue, increased drowsiness, decreased concentration, decreased attention span, increased stress, decreased performance, decreased vitality, and decreased mood. Daily discomfort may be one of these, or a combination of two or more. In this invention, fatigue includes lethargy and sluggishness. In the present invention, the daily discomfort may be at least one selected from the group consisting of increased fatigue, increased drowsiness, decreased concentration, decreased attention, increased stress, decreased performance, decreased vitality, and decreased mood. In the present invention, the daily discomfort is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of increased fatigue, increased drowsiness, and decreased concentration, and more preferably an increase in fatigue. In one embodiment, the method of the present invention can be used to predict whether or not there is an increase in fatigue after carbohydrate intake.

[0012] The present invention also encompasses the use of the above blood glucose fluctuation value as an index for daily discomfort after carbohydrate ingestion. The use of the present invention is the use of the blood glucose fluctuation value as an index for daily discomfort after carbohydrate ingestion, and the blood glucose fluctuation value is the slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) of the blood glucose value obtained from the maximum value ΔCmax (mg / dL) of the blood glucose increase after the start of carbohydrate ingestion and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach ΔCmax, or is ΔCmax. The slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) of the above blood glucose value and ΔCmax can be preferably used as an index for predicting the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate ingestion in a subject. The use as an index for daily discomfort after carbohydrate ingestion is preferably the use for predicting the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate ingestion.

[0013] Using the above blood glucose fluctuation value as an index, the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate ingestion can be predicted. The present invention also encompasses a method for predicting the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate ingestion using the blood glucose fluctuation value after carbohydrate ingestion as an index. In the method for predicting the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate ingestion, the blood glucose fluctuation value is the slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) of the blood glucose value obtained from the maximum value ΔCmax (mg / dL) of the blood glucose increase after the start of carbohydrate ingestion and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach ΔCmax, or is ΔCmax. The method for predicting the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate ingestion may include a step of obtaining the blood glucose fluctuation value from the blood glucose measurement value of a subject who has ingested carbohydrates.

[0014] In the step of obtaining the blood glucose fluctuation value, the above blood glucose fluctuation value can be obtained from the measured blood glucose values of the subject over time after the start of carbohydrate ingestion. The blood glucose value can be measured by a known method. For example, commercially available blood glucose meters (e.g., FreeStyle Libre (registered trademark), FreeStyle Libre (registered trademark) 2 (both manufactured by Abbott), Dexcom G6 (registered trademark), Dexcom G7 (registered trademark) (both manufactured by Dexcom)) etc. can be used to perform blood glucose measurement over time. Also, the blood glucose value can be measured by a method such as venous blood sampling.

[0015] In the present invention, the maximum value of blood glucose increase ΔCmax (mg / dL) is the maximum value of the amount of blood glucose increase (change amount) (mg / dL) after the start of carbohydrate ingestion. The amount of blood glucose increase (mg / dL) can be obtained by subtracting the blood glucose measurement value at the start of carbohydrate ingestion (0 minutes) from the blood glucose measurement value over time after the start of carbohydrate ingestion. Usually, the blood glucose level rises within about 15 minutes after the start of carbohydrate ingestion, and the maximum value of the blood glucose increase reaches the maximum value by 170 minutes. In one aspect, it is preferable that the maximum value of the blood glucose increase up to 170 minutes after the start of carbohydrate ingestion is defined as ΔCmax (mg / dL).

[0016] The slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax) can be obtained from the above ΔCmax (mg / dL) and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach the ΔCmax. Tmax is the time to reach ΔCmax from the start of carbohydrate ingestion. In one aspect, it is preferable that the maximum value of the blood glucose increase up to 170 minutes after the start of carbohydrate ingestion is defined as ΔCmax (mg / dL), and the slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax) is obtained.

[0017] In the present invention, the blood glucose fluctuation value is obtained from the blood glucose measurement values of the subject who has ingested carbohydrates. In the present invention, carbohydrates refer to saccharides that are absorbed into the body and serve as an energy source. Examples of saccharides include monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, and galactose; disaccharides such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose; oligosaccharides of trisaccharides or more; polysaccharides such as starch and dextrin; sugar alcohols such as sorbitol and xylitol. Carbohydrates may be one type of saccharide or a combination of two or more types of saccharides. In the step of obtaining the blood glucose fluctuation value, the amount of carbohydrates ingested by the subject when obtaining the blood glucose fluctuation value is preferably 40 g or more, more preferably 40 - 90 g, and even more preferably 42.6 - 85.1 g. The above subject is preferably a subject who has ingested 40 g or more, preferably 40 - 90 g, and more preferably 42.6 - 85.1 g of carbohydrates. For carbohydrate ingestion, food and drink products containing carbohydrates can be used. The amount of carbohydrates in food and drink products can be obtained by subtracting the amounts of water, ash, lipids, proteins, and dietary fiber from the total weight.

[0018] For determining blood glucose fluctuations, it is preferable that carbohydrates be consumed after fasting for four hours or more. Drinking water is permitted during the fasting period. In this invention, it is preferable that the subject who consumed carbohydrates consumes them after fasting for four hours or more. The fasting period may be 4 to 18 hours, preferably 4 to 12 hours, more preferably 4.5 to 10 hours, even more preferably 5 to 8 hours, and particularly preferably 5 to 6 hours. In one embodiment, blood glucose fluctuations obtained from blood glucose measurements of a subject who consumed carbohydrates after fasting for four hours or more can be preferably used to predict the occurrence of daily problems after carbohydrate consumption in the subject. In this specification, consumption includes drinking liquids such as beverages.

[0019] In one embodiment, in predicting the occurrence of daily ailments after carbohydrate intake, ΔCmax is used as an indicator, and if ΔCmax is above a certain value, it can be predicted that daily ailments will occur after carbohydrate intake. In another embodiment, ΔCmax / Tmax is used as an indicator, and if ΔCmax / Tmax is above a certain value, it can be predicted that daily ailments will occur after carbohydrate intake.

[0020] Predicting the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake, using blood glucose fluctuations as an indicator, can be done, for example, by comparing blood glucose fluctuations with a reference value. As the reference value, the blood glucose fluctuations of individuals who have experienced daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake can be used. This reference value can be a value that has been determined in advance from the blood glucose fluctuations of a sufficient number of people who have experienced daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake. If the blood glucose fluctuation of the subject (testant) is greater than the reference value, it can be predicted that there is a high probability of daily discomfort occurring after carbohydrate intake. Conversely, if the blood glucose fluctuation is smaller than the reference value, it can be predicted that there is a low probability of daily discomfort occurring after carbohydrate intake. In one embodiment of the present invention, if ΔCmax / Tmax, or at least one of ΔCmax, is greater than the reference value, it can be predicted that there is a high probability of the occurrence of the above-mentioned daily discomfort.

[0021] In one embodiment, it is preferable to use ΔCmax (mg / dL) as an indicator for predicting the occurrence of daily ailments after carbohydrate intake. In one embodiment, when ΔCmax is used as an indicator, it is possible to predict that daily ailments will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax exceeds 49. In one embodiment, it is possible to predict that daily ailments will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax exceeds 49 and is 116 or less. In a preferred embodiment, it is possible to predict that daily ailments will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax is 80 or higher (more preferably when ΔCmax exceeds 80). More preferably, it is possible to predict that daily ailments will occur when ΔCmax is between 80 and 116, and even more preferably when ΔCmax exceeds 80 and is 116 or less.

[0022] In one embodiment, it is preferable to use the blood glucose slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) ((mg / dL) / min) as an indicator for predicting the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake. In one embodiment, when the blood glucose slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) is used as an indicator, it is possible to predict that daily discomfort will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax / Tmax is 1.45 or higher. In one embodiment, it is possible to predict that daily discomfort will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax / Tmax exceeds 1.45. Furthermore, in one embodiment, when the blood glucose slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) is between 1.45 and 2.58, it is preferable to predict that daily discomfort will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax / Tmax is greater than 1.45 and less than or equal to 2.58.

[0023] In the present invention, the subject is usually a human, preferably an adult human. In one embodiment of the present invention, the subject is preferably one whose fasting blood glucose level is 125 mg / dL or less. In one embodiment of the present invention, the subject is preferably one whose fasting blood glucose level is 70 to 125 mg / dL, and more preferably one whose fasting blood glucose level is 70 to 109 mg / dL. In one embodiment, the subject is preferably a human being 20 years of age or older, and more preferably a human being 20 to 70 years of age.

[0024] In the present invention, it is preferable that the daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake is a daily discomfort that occurs after the blood glucose level reaches ΔCmax. The above blood glucose fluctuation value can preferably be used as an indicator for predicting the occurrence of daily discomfort that occurs after carbohydrate intake and after the blood glucose level reaches ΔCmax.

[0025] One example of a daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake is a discomfort that occurs 180 minutes after the start of carbohydrate intake. In one embodiment, blood glucose fluctuations are preferably used as an indicator to predict the occurrence of daily discomfort 180 minutes after the start of carbohydrate intake.

[0026] This invention also includes a method for testing the susceptibility to the following everyday ailments after carbohydrate intake. A method for testing the likelihood of daily discomfort occurring after carbohydrate intake, which includes a step of determining blood glucose fluctuations from blood glucose measurements of a subject who has consumed carbohydrates, wherein the blood glucose fluctuation is the slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax) determined from the peak blood glucose rise ΔCmax (mg / dL) after the start of carbohydrate intake and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach ΔCmax, or is ΔCmax itself, and the blood glucose fluctuation is compared with the following criteria (I) or (II). (I) A ΔCmax / Tmax of 1.45 or higher indicates a higher likelihood of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake, while a ΔCmax / Tmax of less than 1.45 indicates a lower likelihood of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake. (II) A ΔCmax of over 49 indicates a higher likelihood of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake, while a ΔCmax of 49 or less indicates a lower likelihood of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake.

[0027] In one embodiment, the criterion in (I) above may be that when ΔCmax / Tmax exceeds 1.45, daily ailments after carbohydrate intake are more likely to occur, and when ΔCmax / Tmax is 0.75 or more and less than 1.45, daily ailments after carbohydrate intake are less likely to occur. In one embodiment, it is preferable that the criterion in (I) above is that when ΔCmax / Tmax is between 1.45 and 2.58, daily ailments after carbohydrate intake are more likely to occur, and when ΔCmax / Tmax is 0.75 or more and less than 1.45, daily ailments after carbohydrate intake are less likely to occur. It is also preferable that the criterion in (I) above is that when ΔCmax / Tmax exceeds 1.45 and is 2.58 or less, daily ailments after carbohydrate intake are more likely to occur, and when ΔCmax / Tmax is 0.75 or more and less than 1.45, daily ailments after carbohydrate intake are less likely to occur.

[0028] In (II) above, the criterion may be that when ΔCmax is 80 or higher, daily ailments after carbohydrate intake are more likely to occur, and when ΔCmax is 49 or lower, daily ailments after carbohydrate intake are less likely to occur. In one embodiment, in (II) above, the criterion may be that when ΔCmax is greater than 80, daily ailments after carbohydrate intake are more likely to occur, and when ΔCmax is 49 or lower, daily ailments after carbohydrate intake are less likely to occur. In (II) above, the criterion may be that when ΔCmax is between 80 and 116 (preferably greater than 80 and 116 or less), daily ailments after carbohydrate intake are more likely to occur, and when ΔCmax is 49 or lower, daily ailments after carbohydrate intake are less likely to occur.

[0029] The present invention is useful, for example, for predicting the likelihood of daily ailments occurring after carbohydrate intake, and for predicting whether or not daily ailments will occur after carbohydrate intake.

[0030] In this specification, a numerical range expressed by a lower limit and an upper limit, i.e., "lower limit to upper limit," includes those lower and upper limits. For example, a range expressed as "1 to 2" means 1 or more and 2 or less, including 1 and 2. In this specification, the upper and lower limits may be any combination of ranges. [Examples]

[0031] The present invention will be described in detail below based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0032] <Example 1> The study included 19 healthy men and women with fasting blood glucose levels ranging from 70 to 109 mg / dL. The subjects were aged 26 to 62 years. Postprandial complications were investigated following two different carbohydrate-rich diets.

[0033] For the carbohydrate-rich meals, we used thin udon noodles (dried) (manufactured by Sanuki Bussan Co., Ltd.), udon soup (powder) (manufactured by Higashimaru Shoyu Co., Ltd.), and zero-carbohydrate noodles (manufactured by Kibun Foods Co., Ltd.). Two types of carbohydrate-rich meals (high-carbohydrate meal and medium-carbohydrate meal) were created by changing the ratio of thin udon noodles (dried) and zero-carbohydrate noodles (manufactured by Kibun Foods Co., Ltd.). The high-carbohydrate meal was prepared to contain 85.1g of carbohydrates, and the medium-carbohydrate meal to contain 42.6g of carbohydrates. Broth was prepared by dissolving one packet of udon soup (powder) in 250mL of hot water.

[0034] Participants were prohibited from consuming anything other than water for 5 hours prior to the carbohydrate food load (meal intake). During the high-carbohydrate food load, all participants were given the above-mentioned high-carbohydrate meal (udon noodles) boiled and served with broth. Blood glucose levels were measured using the following method. In the moderate-carbohydrate diet load test, all subjects were given the above-mentioned moderate-carbohydrate diet (udon noodles) boiled and served with broth. Blood glucose levels were measured using the following method. Both high-carbohydrate and moderate-carbohydrate meals were administered to the subjects within 10 minutes.

[0035] Blood glucose levels were measured from immediately before carbohydrate loading (0 minutes) to 180 minutes after ingestion. Specifically, blood glucose levels were measured immediately before carbohydrate loading (0 minutes), and then every 15 minutes from the start of carbohydrate loading until 180 minutes later. From the blood glucose measurements, the peak blood glucose elevation ΔCmax (mg / dL) after carbohydrate loading was determined. Furthermore, the slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax) was calculated from this ΔCmax (mg / dL) and the time Tmax (minutes) from the start of carbohydrate intake to reach ΔCmax. Blood glucose levels were measured using FreeStyle Libre (registered trademark) (Abbott Inc.).

[0036] Fatigue and drowsiness in subjects were assessed immediately before (0 minutes) of carbohydrate intake and 180 minutes after the start of intake. A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used for assessment. Regarding fatigue, participants were asked to mark their level of fatigue (lethargy, malaise) on a 100mm line, with the left end (0mm) representing "not feeling fatigued at all" and the right end (100mm) representing "feeling extremely fatigued." Regarding drowsiness, participants were asked to mark their level of drowsiness on a 100mm line, with the left end (0mm) representing "not feeling drowsy at all" and the right end (100mm) representing "feeling extremely drowsy."

[0037] The time Tmax (minutes) from the start of carbohydrate diet loading to reaching ΔCmax ranged from 15 to 165 minutes for the subjects.

[0038] The ΔCmax values ​​obtained from the subjects (n=38) were divided into three strata based on their values, and stratified analysis was performed. The subjects were numbered No. 1 to 38 in descending order of ΔCmax value. In the ΔCmax stratified analysis, the ΔCmax of No. 1 was 116, and the ΔCmax of No. 38 was 27. The subjects were divided into three strata: ΔCmax 27-49 mg / dL (first tertile, n=12), 51-80 mg / dL (second tertile, n=13), and 80-116 mg / dL (third tertile, n=13).

[0039] The blood glucose slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) obtained from the subjects (n=38) was divided into two strata based on its value, and stratified analysis was performed. The subjects were numbered No. 1 to 38 in descending order of ΔCmax / Tmax (slope). In the ΔCmax / Tmax stratified analysis, the blood glucose slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) for No. 1 was 2.58, and the blood glucose slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) for No. 38 was 0.75. The subjects were divided into two strata: ΔCmax / Tmax of 0.75 to 1.45 (first biquartile, n=19) and 1.45 to 2.58 (second biquartile, n=19).

[0040] In the stratified analysis, a statistical significance test was performed using Student's t-test to compare VAS scores immediately before carbohydrate intake (0 minutes) and 180 minutes after the start of intake. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0041] Regarding fatigue levels, the results of stratified analysis by ΔCmax are shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3. The results of stratified analysis by ΔCmax / Tmax are shown in Figures 4 and 5. The bar graphs in Figures 1-5 show the mean ± standard error (SE) (*: p<0.05, †: p<0.1). 0 min represents the time immediately before carbohydrate intake (0 minutes), and 180 min represents 180 minutes after the start of carbohydrate intake. The vertical axis represents the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) value. The change in VAS value is also shown in Figures 1-5.

[0042] Figure 1 shows the fatigue assessment results for the first tertile (No. 27-38) in the ΔCmax stratified analysis (n=12). Figure 2 shows the fatigue assessment results for the second tertile (No. 14-26) in the ΔCmax stratified analysis (n=13). Figure 3 shows the fatigue assessment results for the third tertile (No. 1-13) in the ΔCmax stratified analysis (n=13, *: p<0.05). In the third tertile, a significant increase in fatigue (increased fatigue) was observed 180 minutes after carbohydrate intake (Figure 3).

[0043] Figure 4 shows the fatigue assessment results for the first biquartile (No. 20-38) in the stratified analysis of blood glucose slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) (n=19). Figure 5 shows the fatigue assessment results for the second biquartile (No. 1-19) in the stratified analysis of blood glucose slope (ΔCmax / Tmax) (n=19, †: p<0.1). In the second biquartile, a tendency for increased fatigue was observed 180 minutes after carbohydrate loading (Figure 5).

[0044] Regarding drowsiness, a weak correlation (-0.214) was observed between ΔCmax and the maximum value of the change in drowsiness VAS.

[0045] These results indicate that ΔCmax, calculated from blood glucose measurements of subjects who consumed carbohydrates, and the slope of blood glucose levels (ΔCmax / Tmax) can be used as indicators of daily ailments such as increased fatigue, increased drowsiness, and decreased concentration after carbohydrate intake.

Claims

1. This process includes determining blood glucose fluctuations from blood glucose measurements of subjects who have consumed carbohydrates. The blood glucose fluctuation value is either the slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax) calculated from the peak blood glucose rise ΔCmax (mg / dL) after the start of carbohydrate intake and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach ΔCmax, or ΔCmax itself. A method for determining blood glucose fluctuations, which are used as an indicator to predict the occurrence of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake is a daily discomfort that occurs after the blood glucose level reaches ΔCmax.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the daily discomfort is at least one selected from the group consisting of increased fatigue, increased drowsiness, decreased concentration, decreased attention, increased stress, decreased performance, decreased vitality, and decreased mood.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the daily discomfort is at least one selected from the group consisting of increased fatigue, increased drowsiness, and decreased concentration.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2 for predicting that daily discomfort will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax / Tmax is 1.45 or greater.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2 for predicting that daily discomfort will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax exceeds 49.

7. The use of blood glucose fluctuations as an indicator of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake, The blood glucose fluctuation value is either the slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax) calculated from the peak blood glucose increase ΔCmax (mg / dL) after the start of carbohydrate intake and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach ΔCmax, or ΔCmax itself.

8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the use as an indicator of daily ailments after carbohydrate intake is used for predicting the occurrence of daily ailments after carbohydrate intake.

9. The use according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake is a daily discomfort that occurs after the blood glucose level reaches ΔCmax.

10. The use according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the daily discomfort is at least one selected from the group consisting of increased fatigue, increased drowsiness, decreased concentration, decreased attention, increased stress, decreased performance, decreased vitality, and decreased mood.

11. The use according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the daily discomfort is at least one selected from the group consisting of increased fatigue, increased drowsiness, and decreased concentration.

12. The use according to claim 7 or 8 for predicting that daily discomfort will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax / Tmax is 1.45 or greater.

13. The use according to claim 7 or 8 for predicting that daily discomfort will occur after carbohydrate intake when ΔCmax exceeds 49.

14. This process includes determining blood glucose fluctuations from blood glucose measurements of subjects who have consumed carbohydrates. A method for testing the likelihood of daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake by comparing the blood glucose fluctuation value with the following criteria (I) or (II), where the blood glucose fluctuation value is either the slope of the blood glucose level (ΔCmax / Tmax) calculated from the peak blood glucose rise ΔCmax (mg / dL) after the start of carbohydrate intake and the time Tmax (minutes) to reach ΔCmax, or ΔCmax itself. (I) A criterion is that if ΔCmax / Tmax is 1.45 or higher, daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake is likely to occur, and if ΔCmax / Tmax is less than 1.45, daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake is less likely to occur. (II) A criterion that daily discomfort after carbohydrate intake is more likely to occur when ΔCmax exceeds 49, and less likely to occur when ΔCmax is 49 or less.

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