Information processing device and program

Abstract

This technology provides multi-factor authentication using the user interface of the systems that make up a vehicle. [Solution] An information processing device relating to one aspect of the present disclosure is configured to access the registered account information of a user of a vehicle and includes a control unit. The control unit is configured to receive input of account information from a user terminal, perform first-stage authentication of the user by determining whether the input account information matches the user's registered account information, notify the user terminal of vehicle operation instructions in response to successful first-stage authentication, perform second-stage authentication of the user by determining whether the user's vehicle operation matches the operation instructions, and register the user terminal as a digital key for the vehicle in response to successful second-stage authentication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an information processing apparatus and a program.

Background Art

[0002] Patent Document 1 proposes a vehicle apparatus that controls registration timing by cooperating with a registration start signal from a server and associates a vehicle with a vehicle digital key.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] One object of the present disclosure is to provide a technique for multi-factor authentication using a user interface of a system constituting a vehicle.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] An information processing apparatus according to a first aspect of the present disclosure is an information processing apparatus configured to be able to access registration account information of a user who uses a vehicle and including a control unit, wherein the control unit receives an input of account information from a user terminal, determines whether the input account information matches the registration account information of the user, performs first-stage authentication of the user, notifies the user terminal of an operation instruction for the vehicle in response to the establishment of the first-stage authentication, determines whether an operation of the vehicle by the user matches the operation instruction, performs second-stage authentication of the user, and registers the user terminal as a digital key of the vehicle in response to the establishment of the second-stage authentication.

Effects of the Invention

[0006] According to this disclosure, multi-factor authentication can be performed using the user interface of the system that constitutes the vehicle. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0007] [Figure 1] Figure 1 schematically illustrates an example of a scenario in which this disclosure applies. [Figure 2] Figure 2 schematically shows an example of the operation instruction information of this disclosure. [Figure 3] Figure 3 schematically shows an example of the hardware configuration of the in-vehicle device of this disclosure. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the processing procedure when the in-vehicle device of this disclosure registers a user terminal as a digital key by performing two-factor authentication. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the processing procedure when the in-vehicle device of this disclosure authorizes the starting of the vehicle's engine by performing two-factor authentication of a registered digital key. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0008] For example, in conventional systems such as Patent Document 1, when linking a vehicle with a vehicle digital key, the owner key is registered with the vehicle only when a registration start signal is input from a predetermined dedicated device or server. This system makes it possible to enhance security during registration of the vehicle digital key by limiting the timing of registering the owner key with the vehicle. However, in conventional systems, the mechanism for linking the vehicle with the vehicle digital key is completed entirely over the internet, so if the server is hacked, the digital key... The owner key could be illegally linked. An attacker could hack their mobile device into being able to send registration start signals. In other words, the attacker's mobile device could be illegally linked as the owner key on the internet.

[0009] In contrast, the information processing device according to the first aspect of this disclosure is configured to access the registered account information of a user who will be using the vehicle and includes a control unit. The control unit is configured to receive input of account information from the user terminal, perform first-stage authentication of the user by determining whether the input account information matches the user's registered account information, notify the user terminal of vehicle operation instructions in response to successful first-stage authentication, perform second-stage authentication of the user by determining whether the user's vehicle operation matches the operation instructions, and register the user terminal as a digital key for the vehicle in response to successful second-stage authentication. With this configuration, in the two-factor authentication when registering the user terminal as a digital key, the user must actually operate the vehicle. Therefore, it is possible to prevent unauthorized linking of digital keys on the internet, and improved security can be expected.

[0010] Furthermore, as another form of the information processing device relating to the above embodiment, one aspect of this disclosure may be an information processing method that implements all or part of the above components, a program, or a machine-readable storage medium that stores such a program. A machine-readable storage medium is a medium that stores information such as programs by electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, or chemical action.

[0011] [1. Application Examples] Figure 1 schematically shows an example of a scenario to which this disclosure applies. The in-vehicle device 1 according to this embodiment is an example of an information processing device. In the following, the in-vehicle device 1 uses two-factor authentication when registering the user terminal 2 as a digital key. First, a user U using the vehicle M transmits account information to the in-vehicle device 1 through the user terminal 2. The in-vehicle device 1 performs the first stage of authentication of user U by referring to the registered account information 101 and determining whether the transmitted account information matches the registered account information 101 of user U. In response to the success of the first stage of authentication, the in-vehicle device 1 notifies the user terminal 2 of an operation instruction for the vehicle M based on the operation instruction information 111. When user U operates the vehicle M, the in-vehicle device 1 performs the second stage of authentication of user U by determining whether the operation matches the operation instruction. In response to the success of the second stage of authentication, the in-vehicle device 1 registers the user terminal 2 as a digital key for the vehicle M.

[0012] (Digital Key) The digital key system uses a user terminal 2 held by user U as a substitute for the physical key to vehicle M. User U can use user terminal 2, which is registered as a digital key, to unlock vehicle M or start the engine. The digital key may be linked to vehicle M and managed by a dedicated system (digital key system). When using user terminal 2 as a digital key, user U can access the digital key system through a dedicated application or web service launched on user terminal 2 and perform procedures such as unlocking vehicle M.

[0013] (Initial registration of digital key) In the initial registration process to enable the use of user terminal 2 as a digital key, the in-vehicle device 1 may employ two-factor authentication to prevent unauthorized linking of vehicle M and user terminal 2 (user U). Hereinafter, the first authentication in two-factor authentication will be referred to as first-stage authentication, and the subsequent authentication as second-stage authentication.

[0014] (First-step authentication) The in-vehicle device 1 may perform first-stage authentication using a known method. For example, the in-vehicle device 1 may perform first-stage authentication of user U by determining whether the account information of user U transmitted from the user terminal 2 matches the registered account information 101 of user U. If the transmitted account information matches the registered account information 101, the in-vehicle device 1 may determine that first-stage authentication has been successful.

[0015] (Account Information) Account information is the identification information of user U for logging into the digital key system. In a typical example, the identification information may include an ID and a password. The ID is information that uniquely identifies user U within the system and may be any string of characters or an email address, etc. The password may be any string of characters set by the system or user U. User U's account information may be pre-registered in the digital key system as registered account information 101.

[0016] The registered account information 101 may be stored in advance in the memory resources of the in-vehicle device 1. If the in-vehicle device 1 stores the registered account information 101, the in-vehicle device 1 may determine whether the entered account information matches the registered account information 101 of user U by referring to the stored registered account information 101. By storing the registered account information 101 in its own device, the in-vehicle device 1 can perform first-stage authentication offline even in environments where it cannot communicate with an external server or the like.

[0017] The registered account information 101 may be stored in an external server. When the external server stores the registered account information 101, the in-vehicle device 1 may use the external server to determine whether the input account information matches the registered account information 101 of the user U. In one example, determining using the external server may include obtaining the registered account information 101 from the external server and performing the verification of the account information on the device itself. Also, in one example, assuming that the scenario of performing the first-stage authentication includes an offline scenario, the in-vehicle device 1 may synchronize the registered account information 101 stored in the external server and the registered account information 101 stored in the device itself at any online timing. Thereby, the in-vehicle device 1 can keep the registered account information 101 in the latest state and perform the first-stage authentication offline as described above. In another example, determining using the external server may include requesting the external server to verify the account information and obtaining the verification result from the external server. By having the external server store the registered account information 101, the in-vehicle device 1 can save the memory resources of the device itself.

[0018] (Second-stage authentication) The second-stage authentication is an authentication performed in response to the establishment of the first-stage authentication, and a method different from the first-stage authentication is used. In one example, the second-stage authentication may adopt a method using the user interface of the system constituting the vehicle M. For example, the in-vehicle device 1 may notify the user terminal 2 of an operation instruction for the vehicle M, and perform the second-stage authentication of the user U by determining whether the operation of the vehicle M by the user U matches the operation instruction. The in-vehicle device 1 may determine that the second-stage authentication is established when the operation of the vehicle M by the user U matches the operation instruction.

[0019] (Operation instruction) The operation instruction is an instruction to operate a component of the vehicle M that can be directly operated by the user U. The component of the vehicle M that is the target of the operation instruction is not particularly limited as long as it can be operated by the user U, and may be appropriately selected according to the embodiment. For example, the target of the operation instruction is It may include components such as a steering wheel, a brake pedal, a wiper lever, a hazard switch, a shift lever, a door lock switch, etc. Also, the operation instruction may further set a predetermined time (limit time) and include performing the instructed operation within the set time. The predetermined time may be appropriately defined. The in-vehicle device 1 may be configured to hold information regarding the operation instruction as operation instruction information 111.

[0020] FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of the operation instruction information 111 of the present disclosure. The operation instruction information 111 may be held in a known format such as a relational database. Each record of the operation instruction information 111 may include information such as a component of the vehicle M to be operated, the operation content of the component, the operation limit time, etc. In the case of including a plurality of vehicle operations, each record may include all of the plurality of vehicle operations.

[0021] In one example, the operation instruction may include an instruction regarding a steering wheel operation. For example, the instruction regarding the steering wheel operation may include rotating the steering wheel to the right / left one or more times. Also, rotating the steering wheel may include maintaining it for a predetermined time while rotated.

[0022] In one example, the operation instruction may include an instruction regarding a brake pedal operation. For example, the instruction regarding the brake pedal operation may include stepping on the brake pedal one or more times. Also, stepping on the brake pedal may include maintaining it for a predetermined time while stepped on.

[0023] In one example, the operation instruction may include an instruction regarding a wiper lever operation. For example, the instruction regarding the wiper lever operation may include tilting the wiper lever up / down one or more times. Also, tilting the wiper lever may include maintaining it for a predetermined time while tilted.

[0024] For example, the operating instructions may include instructions regarding the operation of the wiper lever. For instance, instructions regarding the operation of the wiper lever may include tilting the wiper lever up / down once or more times. Furthermore, tilting the wiper lever may include holding the wiper lever in the down position for a predetermined time.

[0025] For example, the operating instructions may include instructions regarding the operation of the hazard switch. For instance, instructions regarding the operation of the hazard switch may include pressing the hazard switch once or more times. Furthermore, pressing the hazard switch may include holding the hazard switch down for a predetermined period of time.

[0026] For example, the operating instructions may include instructions regarding the operation of the shift lever. For instance, instructions regarding the operation of the shift lever may include operating the shift lever to a predetermined shift (parking, reverse, neutral, drive, etc.).

[0027] For example, the operating instructions may include instructions regarding the operation of the door lock switch. For instance, instructions regarding the operation of the door lock switch may include pressing the door lock switch once or more times. Pressing the door lock switch may also include holding the door lock switch down for a predetermined amount of time.

[0028] For example, the operation instructions may include instructions for operating the input device 15 (described later) of the in-vehicle device 1. For instance, instructions for operating the input device 15 may include pressing a button or the like included in the input device 15.

[0029] The instructions may include performing multiple operations. For example, the instructions may include: This may include performing the same vehicle operation multiple times within a set time frame. In another example, the operation instruction may include performing a combination of different vehicle operations. If the operation instruction involves performing multiple operations, the user U may be notified each time an individual operation is determined to be successful, or the user U may be notified when all operations are determined to be successful.

[0030] (Notification of operating instructions) The in-vehicle device 1 may notify the user terminal 2 of the operation instructions described above. The operation instructions sent to the user terminal 2 may be appropriately selected from the operation instruction information 111. For example, the operation instructions may be randomly selected from the records held in the operation instruction information 111. The notification of operation instructions may also be performed by displaying them on the output device 16 (described later).

[0031] (Vehicle operation judgment) After notification of an operation instruction, the in-vehicle device 1 may determine whether the operation of the vehicle M by the user U matches the notified operation instruction. In this case, the in-vehicle device 1 may be configured to understand the operating status of the vehicle M. For example, the in-vehicle device 1 may acquire operation information for each component from the sensors S of the vehicle M. The sensors S may include sensors such as a steering angle sensor Sa, a brake sensor Sb, a turn signal sensor Sc, a wiper sensor Sd, a hazard sensor Se, a shift position sensor Sf, and a door lock sensor Sg.

[0032] The steering wheel operation information may include the steering angle obtained from the steering angle sensor Sa. The on-board device 1 may determine whether the steering wheel was operated according to the operation instruction based on the steering angle information. For example, if the operation instruction is "turn the steering wheel 1 turn to the left," the on-board device 1 may determine that the steering wheel was operated according to the operation instruction if the steering angle was 360° or more (assuming clockwise is the positive rotation angle). Also, if the operation instruction is simply "rotate the steering wheel," the on-board device 1 may determine that the steering wheel was operated according to the operation instruction if the absolute value of the steering angle was greater than or equal to a predetermined angle.

[0033] The brake pedal operation information may include brake ON / OFF information obtained from the brake sensor Sb. The on-board device 1 may determine whether the brake pedal was pressed as instructed based on the brake ON / OFF information. For example, if the operation instruction is "press the brake pedal twice," the on-board device 1 may determine that the brake pedal was pressed as instructed, in accordance with the fact that the brake changed from the OFF state to the ON state twice.

[0034] The operation information of the turn signal lever may include ON / OFF information of the turn signal obtained from the turn signal sensor Sc. The ON / OFF information of the turn signal may include ON / OFF information of the left turn signal and the right turn signal. The on-board device 1 may determine whether the turn signal lever was operated according to the operation instruction based on the ON / OFF information of the turn signal. For example, if the operation instruction was "pull the turn signal lever up, then pull it down," the on-board device 1 may determine that the turn signal lever was operated according to the instruction, in that the left turn signal turned ON, and then the right turn signal turned ON.

[0035] The operation information of the wiper lever may include ON / OFF information of the wiper obtained from the wiper sensor Sd. The on-board device 1 may determine whether the wiper lever was operated according to the operation instruction based on the ON / OFF information of the wiper. For example, if the operation instruction was "lower the wiper lever", the on-board device 1 may determine that the wiper lever was operated according to the instruction in response to the wiper being turned ON.

[0036] The hazard switch operation information is obtained from the hazard sensor Se, indicating whether the hazard lights are ON or OFF. FF information may be included. The in-vehicle device 1 may determine whether the hazard switch was operated as instructed based on the hazard ON / OFF information. For example, if the instruction was "Turn on the hazard lights for 2 seconds", the in-vehicle device 1 may determine that the hazard switch was operated as instructed based on the fact that the hazard lights remained ON for 2 seconds or more.

[0037] The shift lever operation information may include shift information obtained from the shift position sensor Sf. The shift information may be information about the current shift position (parking, reverse, neutral, drive, etc.). The in-vehicle device 1 may determine whether the shift lever was operated as instructed based on the shift information. For example, if the operation instruction is "set the shift lever to the parking position," the in-vehicle device 1 may determine that the shift lever was operated as instructed in accordance with the shift position being set to parking.

[0038] The operation information of the door lock switch may include the ON / OFF status of the door lock obtained from the door lock sensor Sg. The in-vehicle device 1 may determine whether the door lock switch was operated as instructed based on the ON / OFF status of the door lock. For example, if the operation instruction is "Press the door lock switch", the in-vehicle device 1 may determine that the door lock switch was operated as instructed, in accordance with the fact that the door lock state has been turned ON.

[0039] The above two-factor authentication may be performed either when registering or using the digital key. That is, if user terminal 2 is not registered as the digital key for vehicle M, the in-vehicle device 1 may register user terminal 2 as the digital key for vehicle M in response to successful second-factor authentication. On the other hand, if user terminal 2 is already registered as the digital key for vehicle M, the in-vehicle device 1 may perform various operations to enable operation of vehicle M in response to successful second-factor authentication. For example, operations to enable operation of vehicle M may include controls such as allowing the engine of vehicle M to start and unlocking components of vehicle M.

[0040] During the initial registration of the digital key, a regular key is required to unlock the vehicle M and activate the ignition. However, after initial registration, the registered digital key (user terminal 2) can be used to unlock the vehicle M and activate the ignition.

[0041] [2 Example Configurations] Figure 3 schematically shows an example of the hardware configuration of the in-vehicle device 1 of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 4, the in-vehicle device 1 according to this embodiment is a computer in which a control unit 11, a storage unit 12, an external interface 13, a communication interface 14, an input device 15, an output device 16, and a drive 17 are electrically connected. The control unit 11 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit) The storage unit 12 includes RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), etc., and is configured to perform arbitrary information processing. The storage unit 12 may be composed of, for example, a hard disk drive, a solid-state drive, etc. The storage unit 12, RAM, and ROM are examples of memory resources. In this embodiment, the storage unit 12 stores a program 81, registered account information 101, and operation instruction information 111. The program 81 is a program that causes the information processing device to perform the information processing according to this embodiment. The program 81 includes a series of instructions for the information processing.

[0042] The external interface 13 may be, for example, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) port, a dedicated port, a wireless communication port, etc., and is configured to connect to an external device by wire or wireless connection. In this embodiment, the in-vehicle device 1 may be connected to sensors S via the external interface 13.

[0043] The communication interface 14 performs wired or wireless data communication over the network. The system is configured as follows. The communication interface 14 may consist of, for example, a wired LAN (Local Area Network) module, a wireless LAN module, etc. In this embodiment, the in-vehicle device 1 may perform data communication via a network with other computers (for example, an external server, a user terminal 2, etc.) via the communication interface 14. The input device 15 is a device for inputting, for example, buttons, joysticks, controls, etc. The output device 16 is a device for outputting, for example, a display, a speaker, etc. In this embodiment, the in-vehicle device 1 may display the content of the operation instructions notified to the user terminal 2 by the output device 16. The input device 15 and the output device 16 may be integrally configured as, for example, a touch panel display, etc.

[0044] The drive 17 is a device for reading various information, such as programs, stored in the storage medium 91. The program 81 may be stored in the storage medium 91 in place of or together with the storage unit 12. The storage medium 91 is configured to store various information (stored programs, etc.) by electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, or chemical means so that a machine such as a computer can read the information. The in-vehicle device 1 may retrieve the program 81 from the storage medium 91. The storage medium 91 may be a disk-type storage medium such as a CD or DVD, or a non-disk-type storage medium such as semiconductor memory (e.g., flash memory). The type of drive 17 may be appropriately selected according to the type of storage medium 91.

[0045] Regarding the specific hardware configuration of the in-vehicle device 1, components can be omitted, replaced, and added as appropriate depending on the embodiment. For example, the control unit 11 may include multiple hardware processors. Hardware processors include microprocessors, FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays), DSPs (digital signal processors), and GPUs. (Graphics Processing Unit), ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) ) may be composed of the following:

[0046] [3 Examples of operation] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the processing procedure when the in-vehicle device 1 of this disclosure registers the user terminal 2 as a digital key by performing two-factor authentication. The following processing procedure is an example of a control method (information processing method) executed by a computer (in-vehicle device 1). However, the following processing procedure is merely an example, and each step may be modified as much as possible. Furthermore, depending on the embodiment, steps in the following processing procedure may be omitted, replaced, or added as appropriate.

[0047] In step S101, the control unit 11 accepts account information input from the user terminal 2. Upon acquiring the input account information, in step S102, the control unit 11 determines whether the acquired account information matches the registered account information 101 of the user U. The registered account information 101 of the user U may be stored in the storage unit 12 in advance. If they do not match, the control unit 11 proceeds to step S103 to determine whether to terminate the two-factor authentication. Whether to terminate or not may be determined as appropriate. For example, it may be defined that the two-factor authentication is terminated when a predetermined time for the first-stage authentication has elapsed, or when the connection with the user terminal 2 is disconnected. If termination is decided, the control unit 11 terminates the processing procedure according to this embodiment. If termination is decided, the control unit 11 returns to step S101 and may accept account information input again.

[0048] In step S102, if the acquired account information matches the registered account information 101, the control unit 11 may proceed to step S104 and complete the first-stage authentication of user U. In response to the completion of the first-stage authentication, the control unit 11 may proceed to step S105 and notify the user terminal 2 of the operation instructions for vehicle M. The symbols and content may be selected as appropriate. Operation instructions may include, for example, instructions to operate components such as the steering wheel, pedals, turn signal lever, wiper lever, hazard switch, shift lever, and door lock switch, as described above. In step S106, when the control unit 11 obtains operation information of the vehicle M by user U, in step S107, the control unit 11 determines whether the obtained operation information matches the operation instructions. If they do not match, the control unit 11 proceeds to step S108 and determines whether to terminate the two-factor authentication. Whether to terminate or not may be determined as appropriate, similar to step S103. If it is terminated, the control unit 11 terminates the processing procedure according to this embodiment. If it is not terminated, the control unit 11 returns to step S106 and may obtain operation information of the vehicle M by user U again.

[0049] In step S107, if the acquired operation information matches the operation instruction, the control unit 11 may proceed to step S109 and complete the second-stage authentication for user U. In response to the completion of the second-stage authentication, the control unit 11 proceeds to step S110 and registers the user terminal 2 used by user U, whose second-stage authentication has been completed, as a digital key. Upon completion of this step, the control unit 11 terminates the processing procedure related to digital key registration.

[0050] Figure 5 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure when the in-vehicle device 1 of this disclosure permits the engine start of vehicle M by performing two-factor authentication of a registered digital key. As shown in Figure 5, steps S201 to S209 are the same as steps S101 to S109 of the processing procedure for initial registration of a digital key (Figure 4). In step S210, the control unit 11 permits the engine start in response to successful two-factor authentication using the user terminal 2 as the digital key. Permitting the engine start may include, for example, unlocking a device such as a key or button for starting the engine. Upon completion of this step, the control unit 11 terminates the processing procedure related to permitting the engine start.

[0051] [Features] In this embodiment, the in-vehicle device 1 performs two-factor authentication of user U when registering user terminal 2 as a digital key. In this two-factor authentication, the in-vehicle device 1 performs first-factor authentication by determining whether the account information transmitted from user terminal 2 matches the registered account information 101 of user U, and performs second-factor authentication by determining whether the operation of vehicle M by user U matches the notified operation instruction. The in-vehicle device 1 can register user terminal 2 as a digital key only if user U has already registered account information and can operate the vehicle M to be used. This makes it possible for the in-vehicle device 1 to enhance security during digital key registration. Furthermore, if the in-vehicle device 1 holds the registered account information 101, the in-vehicle device 1 does not need to access an external server or the like during two-factor authentication. Therefore, it is expected that this will prevent situations where digital key registration cannot be performed due to communication failures or the like.

[0052] [4. Variant] While embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above, the above description is merely illustrative in all respects of this disclosure. Needless to say, various improvements or modifications can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The processes and means described in this disclosure can be freely combined and implemented, as long as no technical inconsistencies arise. [Explanation of symbols]

[0053] 1. In-vehicle equipment, 2. User terminals, 11. Control unit, 12. Memory unit, 13. External interface, 14. Communication interface, 15. Input device, 16. Output device, 17 drives, 81 programs, 91. Storage media, 101. Registered account information, M...vehicle, U...user, S... Sensors

Claims

1. An information processing device configured to access the registered account information of a user using a vehicle, and comprising a control unit, The control unit, Accepting account information input from the user's terminal. The first step of user authentication is performed by determining whether the entered account information matches the user's registered account information. Upon successful completion of the first stage of authentication, the user terminal is notified of vehicle operation instructions. The second stage of authentication of the user is performed by determining whether the user's operation of the vehicle matches the operation instructions, and Upon successful completion of the second stage of authentication, the user terminal is registered as the digital key for the vehicle. Configured to perform, Information processing device.

2. The control unit is configured to further authorize the starting of the vehicle's engine if the user terminal is registered as the vehicle's digital key, in response to the success of the second stage of authentication. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1.

3. The aforementioned operation instruction includes performing the same vehicle operation multiple times within a predetermined time. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1.

4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the operation instructions include performing a combination of different vehicle operations within a predetermined time.

5. A program that causes a user's computer to execute an information processing method, The computer is configured to access the user's registered account information, The aforementioned information processing method is: Accepting account information input from the user's terminal. The first step of user authentication is performed by determining whether the entered account information matches the user's registered account information. Upon successful completion of the first stage of authentication, the user terminal is notified of vehicle operation instructions. The second stage of authentication of the user is performed by determining whether the user's operation of the vehicle matches the operation instructions, and Upon successful completion of the second stage of authentication, the user terminal is registered as the digital key for the vehicle. including, program.

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