Monitoring system and monitoring method

Abstract

This invention provides a monitoring system and method capable of monitoring unauthorized power reception. [Solution] The monitoring system includes a waveform information acquisition unit that acquires waveform information representing the waveform corresponding to the power transmitted by a power transmission device located in the power supply area while driving; a determination unit that determines whether or not the power reception is unauthorized based on the characteristics of the waveform; and a specific information acquisition unit that, if it is determined that the power reception is unauthorized, acquires specific information to identify the vehicle that is presumed to have performed the unauthorized power reception.

Description

Technical Field

[0005]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a monitoring system and a monitoring method.

Background Art

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a non-contact power supply system as follows. In the non-contact power supply system described in Patent Document 1, power is supplied non-contact from a primary coil embedded in a road to a secondary coil mounted on a vehicle by magnetic field resonance coupling. In this system, a vehicle to be powered is registered using wide-area wireless communication. Then, when the vehicle approaches or enters a non-contact power supply lane, narrow-area wireless communication is performed, and transmission power for magnetic coupling check is supplied to the primary coil. And when it is confirmed that the secondary coil exists within the allowable range of power transmission, the transmission power for magnetic coupling check is increased. Then, the vehicle side receives the transmission power using the secondary coil. Also, when monitoring the transmission power and detecting that the magnetic coupling has weakened, the power transmission is stopped.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] As described above, in the non-contact power supply system disclosed in Patent Document 1, after increasing the transmission power to start power transmission, the power transmission is not stopped until the transmission power weakens. For this reason, for example, when another vehicle not intended to be powered, which is equipped with a similar power receiving device, approaches and travels near the vehicle to be powered, there is a problem that power transmission may be illegally performed to the other vehicle.

[0005] This disclosure is made to solve the above-mentioned problems and aims to provide a monitoring system and monitoring method that can monitor unauthorized power reception. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] For the purposes described above, the monitoring system relating to this disclosure includes a waveform information acquisition unit that acquires waveform information representing a waveform corresponding to the power transmitted by a power transmission device located in a power supply area while driving; a determination unit that determines whether or not the power reception is unauthorized based on the characteristics of the waveform; and a specific information acquisition unit that, if it is determined that the power reception is unauthorized, acquires specific information for identifying the vehicle that is presumed to have performed the unauthorized power reception.

[0007] The monitoring method relating to this disclosure includes the steps of: acquiring waveform information representing a waveform corresponding to the power transmitted by a power transmission device located in a power supply area while driving; determining whether or not the power reception is unauthorized based on the characteristics of the waveform; and, if it is determined that the power reception is unauthorized, acquiring identification information for identifying the vehicle that is presumed to have performed the unauthorized power reception. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The monitoring system and monitoring method described herein can be used to monitor unauthorized power reception. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is an overall configuration diagram of a contactless power supply system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] This is a system diagram of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] This figure shows an example of the time variation of transmitted power according to an embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 4] This figure shows another example of the time variation of transmitted power according to the embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 5] This flowchart shows an example of the operation of a monitoring system according to the embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 6] This figure shows the configuration of a computer according to an embodiment of this disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] The embodiments relating to this disclosure will be described below with reference to Figures 1 to 6. In each figure, the same or corresponding components will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions will be omitted as appropriate.

[0011] Figure 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a contactless power supply system according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 is a system diagram of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0012] As shown in Figure 1 and / or Figure 2, the contactless power supply system 1 according to the embodiment of this disclosure comprises a monitoring server 10, a power transmission system B, roadside equipment B3 (B3a and B3b), a display device B4, and power receiving devices A12, A22, etc., mounted on vehicles A1, A2, etc. Alternatively, the monitoring system 100 according to the embodiment of this disclosure comprises the monitoring server 10, the power transmission system B, the roadside equipment B3, and the display device B4. Furthermore, the monitoring system 100 according to the embodiment of this disclosure comprises the monitoring server 10. The monitoring server 10, the power transmission system B, the roadside equipment B3, and the display device B4 are connected via a network line N.

[0013] Furthermore, in the example shown in Figure 1, it is assumed that vehicle A1 is registered as a vehicle that is properly (legitimately) powered from the contactless power supply system 1, for example, by communication using the on-board unit A11 with roadside device B3 (B3a) (or by wide-area communication using a communication device not shown). In the example shown in Figure 1 and / or Figure 2, vehicle A1 is equipped with an on-board unit A11, a power receiving device A12, and a storage battery A13. The on-board unit A11 performs narrow-area (short-range) communication compatible with electronic toll collection systems, etc. The power receiving device A12 receives power contactlessly from the power transmission system B. The storage battery A13 charges the power received by the power receiving device A12.

[0014] Figures 1 and 2 also show vehicle A2 attempting to illegally receive power by driving in close proximity to vehicle A1. Vehicle A2 is equipped with an on-board unit A21, a power receiving device A22, and a battery A23. Power receiving device A22, like power receiving device A12, is also designed (physically) to receive power transmitted by power transmission system B. Power receiving devices A12 and A22 are equipped with, for example, a coil, a capacitor that forms a resonant circuit with the coil, a converter that converts the received AC power into DC power, and a circuit breaker that connects or disconnects the converter to batteries A13 and A23. Power receiving devices A12 and A22 may also be equipped with communication equipment for sending and receiving identification information, etc., via narrow-area communication, etc., if power transmission device B2, which will be described later, is equipped with communication equipment.

[0015] As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the road R is provided with a driving power supply area PSA that can supply power to vehicles A1 and A2 in motion without contact. Driving power supply is a technology that wirelessly supplies power to storage equipment such as batteries for electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles traveling on the road R. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, vehicles A1 and A2 traveling on the road R can receive power transmitted wirelessly by a power transmission device B2 installed on the road R while traveling in the driving power supply area PSA, which is a specific section of the road R.

[0016] As shown in Figure 1, the power transmission system B comprises a plurality of power transmission devices B2 arranged and buried (placed) along the extension direction of the road R, and a power transmission control device B1 that controls the start and end of power transmission by the plurality of power transmission devices B2 and measures waveforms (also called transmission waveforms) according to the transmitted power. The power transmission devices B2 transmit power to the power receiving devices A12 and A22 without contact using power supply methods such as electromagnetic induction (including magnetic resonance type), electric field coupling, and electromagnetic wave. The power transmission devices B2 include, for example, a coil (hereinafter also called a power transmission coil) and a capacitor that constitutes a resonant circuit with the coil. The power transmission control device B1 includes a converter that supplies high-frequency AC power to the coil of the power transmission device B2, a measuring device that measures waveforms according to the transmitted power supplied to the coil, and the like. In this embodiment, the waveform according to the transmitted power (time-series data representing the time change of a predetermined physical quantity) includes power waveforms, current waveforms, voltage waveforms, etc. Furthermore, the waveforms can be, for example, waveforms representing instantaneous values, waveforms representing average values, waveforms representing RMS values, waveforms representing amplitude, waveforms representing changes in the level of each frequency component (or specific frequency components), etc. The power transmission control device B1 transmits information representing the waveform corresponding to the measured power transmission to the monitoring server 10 as waveform information.

[0017] The power transmission device B2 may also be equipped with means for detecting the approach of vehicle A1 or power receiving device A12, such as a loop coil (a sensor that detects the metal parts of the vehicle), a narrow-range communication device mounted on the onboard unit A11, or a communication device that communicates with a narrow-range communication device mounted on the power receiving device A12, etc. Alternatively, the power transmission coil of the power transmission device B2 may be used as a loop coil by supplying a relatively weak power to it, or the transmission power may be observed by observing changes in transmitted power by supplying power to the power transmission coil intermittently for a relatively short period of time, thereby detecting the approach of vehicle A1 or power receiving device A12, the coupling state, etc. The power transmission control device B1 starts power transmission by the power transmission device B2 (puts the power transmission device B2 into an operating state where it can transmit power) when it detects the approach of vehicle A1 or power receiving device A12 or a predetermined coupling state, and stops power transmission (puts the power transmission device B2 into an operating state where it cannot transmit power) when the transmitted power falls below a predetermined value, for example.

[0018] The roadside device B3 comprises a communication device B31 and an imaging device B32. The roadside device B3 is located, for example, in or near the driving power supply area PSA. The communication device B31 performs predetermined narrow-range communication with the in-vehicle units A11 and A21 to arrange for the provision of power supply services while driving in the driving power supply area PSA, and when it receives an observation trigger issued by the monitoring server 10 when unauthorized power reception is detected, it receives the in-vehicle unit ID (in-vehicle unit identification information) and license plate information registered in the in-vehicle units A11 and A21. The imaging device B32 comprises cameras that image vehicles A1 and A2, etc., while driving in the driving power supply area PSA. The imaging device B32 may include multiple cameras. When the imaging device B32 receives an observation trigger from the monitoring server 10, it images vehicles A1 and A2, etc., while driving in the driving power supply area PSA, for example, from the front and rear. At that time, the imaging device B32 images vehicles A1 and A2, etc., so that the contents of the license plates of vehicles A1 and A2, etc., can be recognized. When the roadside device B3 receives an observation trigger from the monitoring server 10, it generates identification information, which is information for identifying vehicles A1, A2, etc., that were traveling in or near the driving power supply area PSA at the time the observation trigger was received, using the communication device B31 and the imaging device B32, and transmits it to the monitoring server 10. The identification information includes, for example, information representing an image of a vehicle, information based on an image of a vehicle, and information based on a radio signal received in or near the driving power supply area PSA. The information based on an image of a vehicle is, for example, license plate information recognized from the captured image (size, color, place name code, vehicle type code, usage code, serial number). Alternatively, the information based on an image of a vehicle is, for example, information representing the color, name, type of vehicle, etc., of the vehicle recognized from the captured image. The information based on a radio signal is, for example, identification information of an in-vehicle device or communication equipment. In the example shown in Figure 1, roadside devices B3a and B3b are installed near each end of the PSA (Power Supply Area) while the vehicle is in motion, but there are no limitations on the location or number of roadside devices B3. Furthermore, some of the roadside devices B3 do not need to be equipped with either a communication device B31 or an imaging device B32.In addition, the information representing the image of the vehicle can be, for example, an image of the vehicle taken from the front that includes the face of the driver of the vehicle as part of the subject.

[0019] The display device B4 includes a display board on which the power supply area PSA during travel can be visually recognized by vehicles A1, A2, etc. traveling. When receiving a display trigger issued when unauthorized power reception is detected from the monitoring server 10, it displays predetermined information. The predetermined information is, for example, information representing guidance or warning requesting to stop approaching travel, guidance requesting to keep a sufficient inter-vehicle distance, etc.

[0020] The monitoring server 10 monitors unauthorized power reception such as unauthorized reception of power related to the power supply service during travel. As shown in FIG. 2, the monitoring server 10 is configured as a functional block including a combination of hardware such as a computer included in the monitoring server 10 and software such as a program executed by the computer, and includes a waveform information acquisition unit 11, a determination unit 12, a specific information acquisition unit 13, a transmission unit 14, and a counting unit 15.

[0021] The waveform information acquisition unit 11 acquires waveform information representing a waveform corresponding to the transmission power of the power transmission device B2 arranged in the power supply area PSA during travel from the power transmission control device B1.

[0022] The determination unit 12 determines whether or not the power reception is fraudulent based on the waveform characteristics represented by the waveform information. In this case, the determination unit 12 determines that the power reception is fraudulent if, for example, the peak characteristics of the waveform based on the waveform information differ from the peak characteristics of the waveform in a correct power reception. Figures 3 and 4 schematically (simplified) show examples of power transmission waveforms. In Figures 3 and 4, the horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is the power transmitted from one power transmission device B2. Figure 3 is an example of the waveform when vehicle A1 passes over power transmission device B2 when there are no vehicles in close proximity behind vehicle A1. Figure 4 is an example of the waveform when vehicles A1 and A2 pass over power transmission device B2 while traveling in close proximity. In Figures 3 and 4, the period from time t10 to time t14 is the period during which power can be transmitted. In the example shown in Figure 3, the power transmission increases from time t11, reaches a peak at time t12, and then decreases from time t12 to time t13. In the example shown in Figure 4, an unauthorized power supply to vehicle A2 occurred from time ta to time t14, resulting in two peaks occurring at time t12 and time tb. In this case, the determination unit 12 can determine, for example, that if the number of peaks in the waveform represented by the waveform information is one, it is a correct power supply, and if the number of peaks in the waveform represented by the waveform information is two, it is an unauthorized power supply.

[0023] Note that the examples shown in Figures 1 and 4 represent cases where vehicles A1 and A2 are traveling in close proximity in a tandem configuration. However, even when vehicles A1 and A2 are traveling in close proximity in parallel, improper power reception by vehicle A2 is possible. In this case, the waveform corresponding to the transmitted power will differ depending on whether vehicle A2 is present or not, for example, in the shape (distortion) and peak height. The determination unit 12 can detect improper power reception by, for example, comparing the peak height with that of a correct power reception.

[0024] Furthermore, the determination unit 12 may, for example, use a machine learning model trained on a dataset of training data in which waveforms represented by multiple waveform information are labeled as either correct or incorrect power reception, to determine whether or not the power reception is incorrect.

[0025] If the determination unit 12 determines that the power reception is fraudulent, the specific information acquisition unit 13 acquires specific information to identify the vehicle that is presumed to have performed the fraudulent power reception. The specific information acquisition unit 13 acquires specific information by, for example, transmitting an observation trigger to the roadside device B3, and receiving the aforementioned specific information transmitted by the roadside device B3, which has received the observation trigger. As described above, the specific information includes, for example, at least one of the following: information representing an image of vehicle A2, information based on the image of vehicle A2, and information based on a radio signal received in or near the power supply area PSA while driving.

[0026] If the determination unit 12 determines that the power reception is unauthorized, the transmitting unit 14 transmits predetermined information to vehicle A2, which is presumed to have performed the unauthorized power reception. The transmitting unit 14 sends a display trigger to the display device B4, and upon receiving the display trigger, the display device B4 displays (transmits) information such as guidance or warnings to stop driving in a way that may cause unauthorized power reception. Note that the transmission of predetermined information is not limited to the display of information using the display device B4. For example, the transmitting unit 14 may notify the in-vehicle unit A21 from the communication device B31 with a warning message, and notify the vehicle with voice guidance, or, if the navigation system and the in-vehicle unit A21 are working together, notify the vehicle with a warning display using the display device.

[0027] The counting unit 15 counts the number of fraudulent calls for each piece of specific information. If the specific information is the same (or recognized as the same), the counting unit 15 accumulates the number of fraudulent calls for each piece of specific information. For example, if the monitoring server 10 or another higher-level server exceeds a predetermined threshold, it can send a notification to the administrator recommending that post-processing, such as collecting charges, be carried out. The counting unit 15 may also calculate the number of fraudulent calls and the duration of each section in which fraudulent calls occurred. Furthermore, for example, the monitoring server 10 or another higher-level server may perform processing such as classifying vehicles that intentionally committed fraud from those that did not, based on this information.

[0028] Next, with reference to Figure 5, an example of the processing flow in the monitoring system 100 according to this embodiment will be described. The processing shown in Figure 5 is executed at a predetermined interval for each of the one or more power transmission devices B2. When the processing shown in Figure 5 begins, the power transmission control device B1 determines whether the power transmission start condition has been met for the one or more power transmission devices B2 to be processed (step S10). The power transmission start condition is, for example, the condition that a vehicle A1 that will receive power legitimately has approached the power transmission device B2 to be processed. If the power transmission start condition has not been met (step S10: NO), the monitoring system 100 terminates the processing shown in Figure 5.

[0029] If the conditions for starting power transmission are met (Step S10: YES), the power transmission control device B1 starts transmitting power to the target one or more power transmission devices B2 (Step S11) and starts measuring the transmitted radio wave type (Step S12). In the example shown in Figure 1, the power transmission start conditions are met for vehicle A1 and power transmission has started for power transmission devices B1a and B1b, which are shown in shaded areas (Step SA1 in Figure 2).

[0030] Next, the power transmission control device B1 determines whether the power transmission termination condition has been met for one or more power transmission devices B2 to be processed (step S13). The power transmission termination condition is, for example, a condition in which the transmitted power falls below a predetermined value (or a condition in which a predetermined time has elapsed since it fell below that value). If the power transmission termination condition is not met (step S13: NO), the power transmission control device B1 repeatedly executes the determination process in step S13. If the power transmission termination condition is met (step S13: YES), the power transmission control device B1 terminates power transmission for the target one or more power transmission devices B2 (step S14), terminates the measurement of the transmitted radio wave type (step S12), and transmits the waveform information to the monitoring server 10 (step SA2 in Figure 2).

[0031] In the monitoring server 10, the waveform information acquisition unit 11 receives the waveform information transmitted by the power transmission control device B1, and the determination unit 12 determines whether or not the power reception is unauthorized (step S16). If it is not unauthorized (step S16: NO), the monitoring system 100 terminates the process shown in Figure 5. If it is unauthorized (step S16: YES), the specific information acquisition unit 13 sends an observation trigger to the roadside device B3 (step SA3 in Figure 2), and the system acquires the specific information by receiving the specific information transmitted by the roadside device B3 (step SA4 in Figure 2) (step S17). The transmission unit 14 also sends a display trigger to the display device B4 (step SA5 in Figure 2) and transmits (displays or outputs) the predetermined information (step S18). Next, the counting unit 15 counts the number of unauthorized power receptions for each piece of specific information and terminates the process shown in Figure 5.

[0032] (Effects and Benefits) The monitoring system 100 with the above configuration includes a waveform information acquisition unit 11 that acquires waveform information representing the waveform corresponding to the power transmitted by the power transmission device B2 located in the power supply area PSA while driving, a determination unit 12 that determines whether or not the power reception is unauthorized based on the characteristics of the waveform, and a specific information acquisition unit 13 that acquires specific information to identify the vehicle that is presumed to have performed the unauthorized power reception if it is determined to be unauthorized power reception. Therefore, according to the monitoring system 100 of the embodiment, unauthorized power reception can be monitored.

[0033] Furthermore, the identifying information includes at least one of the following: information representing an image of the vehicle, information based on that image, and information based on a radio signal received in or near the PSA (Power Supply Area) while driving. This information can serve as strong evidence in identifying a vehicle, allowing, for example, the system administrator to easily take action against those who commit fraud. The information based on the radio signal may include the onboard unit ID included in the radio signal transmitted by the onboard unit A21, as well as information such as a physical address based on a radio signal transmitted via short-range wireless communication such as a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) from a terminal carried by the driver of vehicle A2, etc. For example, if the same physical address is received each time fraudulent power is received, it can be presumed that the act was committed by the same person carrying the same terminal.

[0034] Furthermore, the determination unit 12 can determine, for example, that a power supply is fraudulent if the peak characteristics of the waveform based on the waveform information differ from the peak characteristics of the waveform in a correct power supply. With this configuration, the process can be simplified compared to determining whether or not a power supply is fraudulent based on, for example, the characteristics of the entire waveform.

[0035] Furthermore, the monitoring system 100 of this embodiment includes a transmitting unit 14 that transmits predetermined information to the vehicle when it determines that the power reception is unauthorized. With this configuration, it is thought that the recurrence of unauthorized power reception can be reduced to a certain extent compared to when no information is transmitted.

[0036] Furthermore, the monitoring system 100 of this embodiment includes a counting unit 15 that counts the number of unauthorized power receptions for each specific piece of information. With this configuration, processing for unauthorized power receptions can be performed based on statistical information.

[0037] (Other embodiments) Although embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments and may include design changes and the like that do not depart from the gist of this disclosure. Furthermore, regarding the power supply method, even if the charging method during driving is other (such as high-frequency wireless power transmission), the energy transfer situation changes depending on whether or not power is supplied to the target vehicle, so it is considered possible to determine the presence or absence of load for each method. By detecting this load fluctuation, it is possible to detect (potential) unauthorized power reception. Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the monitoring server 10 includes a waveform information acquisition unit 11 and a determination unit 12, but for example, the power transmission control device B1 may also include a waveform information acquisition unit 11 and a determination unit 12.

[0038] (Computer configuration) Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a computer according to at least one embodiment. The computer 90 includes a processor 91, main memory 92, storage 93, and an interface 94. The aforementioned monitoring server 10, power transmission control device B1, roadside device B3, display device B4, etc., are implemented in the computer 90. The operation of each of the aforementioned processing units is stored in storage 93 in the form of a program. The processor 91 reads the program from storage 93, loads it into main memory 92, and executes the above processing according to the program. The processor 91 also allocates memory areas in main memory 92 corresponding to each of the aforementioned storage units according to the program.

[0039] The program may be for implementing some of the functions that the computer 90 is to perform. For example, the program may perform functions in combination with other programs already stored in storage, or in combination with other programs implemented in other devices. In other embodiments, the computer may include a custom LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuit) such as a PLD (Programmable Logic Device) in addition to, or instead of, the above configuration. Examples of PLDs include PAL (Programmable Array Logic), GAL (Generic Array Logic), CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), etc. In this case, some or all of the functions implemented by the processor may be implemented by the integrated circuit.

[0040] Examples of storage 93 include HDDs (Hard Disk Drives), SSDs (Solid State Drives), magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, CD-ROMs (Compact Disc Read Only Memory), DVD-ROMs (Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Memory), and semiconductor memory. Storage 93 may be an internal medium directly connected to the bus of the computer 90, or an external medium connected to the computer 90 via an interface 94 or a communication line. Furthermore, if this program is distributed to the computer 90 via a communication line, the computer 90 that receives the program may expand it into main memory 92 and execute the above processing. In at least one embodiment, storage 93 is a tangible storage medium that is not temporary.

[0041] <Note> The monitoring system 100 of this embodiment can be understood, for example, as follows:

[0042] (1) The monitoring system 100 according to the first embodiment includes a waveform information acquisition unit that acquires waveform information representing a waveform corresponding to the power transmitted by a power transmission device located in the driving power supply area, a determination unit that determines whether or not the power reception is unauthorized based on the characteristics of the waveform, and a specific information acquisition unit that acquires specific information for identifying the vehicle that is presumed to have performed the unauthorized power reception if it is determined to be unauthorized power reception. According to this embodiment and each of the following embodiments, unauthorized power reception can be monitored.

[0043] (2) The monitoring system 100 according to the second embodiment is the monitoring system 100 of (1), wherein the determination unit determines that the power reception is fraudulent when the peak characteristics of the waveform based on the waveform information differ from the peak characteristics of the waveform in a correct power reception.

[0044] (3) The monitoring system 100 according to the third embodiment is the monitoring system 100 of (1) or (2), wherein the specific information includes at least one of the following: information representing an image of the vehicle, information based on the image, and information based on a radio signal received in or near the driving power supply area.

[0045] (4) The monitoring system 100 according to the fourth embodiment is the monitoring system 100 of (1) to (3), further comprising a transmitting unit that transmits predetermined information to the vehicle when it is determined that the power has been received illegally.

[0046] (5) The monitoring system 100 according to the fifth embodiment is the monitoring system 100 of (1) to (4), further comprising a counting unit that counts the number of unauthorized power receptions for each of the specified pieces of information. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0047] 100... Surveillance system 1. Contactless power supply system 10… Monitoring Server 11...Waveform information acquisition section 12...Judgment section 13…Specific information acquisition department 14…Transmission Unit 15…Counting Department B2... Power transmission equipment PSA… Power supply area while driving

Claims

1. A waveform information acquisition unit acquires waveform information representing the waveform corresponding to the power transmission power of a power transmission device located in the power supply area while driving, A determination unit that determines whether or not the power reception is unauthorized based on the characteristics of the waveform, If it is determined that the power reception is fraudulent, the system acquires specific information to identify the vehicle that is presumed to have performed the fraudulent power reception. A monitoring system equipped with the following features.

2. The determination unit determines that the power reception is fraudulent if the peak characteristics of the waveform based on the waveform information differ from the peak characteristics of the waveform in a correct power reception. The monitoring system according to claim 1.

3. The specified information includes at least one of the following: information representing an image of the vehicle, information based on the image, and information based on a radio signal received in or near the in-driving power supply area. The monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2.

4. If it is determined that the power reception is unauthorized, the transmitting unit will transmit predetermined information to the vehicle. The monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

5. A counting unit that counts the number of times the unauthorized power is received for each of the specified pieces of information. The monitoring system according to claim 3, further comprising:

6. The steps include: acquiring waveform information that represents the waveform corresponding to the power transmission power of a power transmission device located in the power supply area while driving; A step of determining whether or not the power reception is unauthorized based on the characteristics of the waveform, If it is determined that the power reception was fraudulent, the step is to obtain identifying information to identify the vehicle that is presumed to have performed the fraudulent power reception. A monitoring method that includes this.

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