coating device

Abstract

The objective of this invention is to efficiently apply a functional agent to a substrate. [Solution] The coating apparatus 1 is characterized by comprising a supply device 10 for supplying supercritical carbon dioxide, mixing devices 20A to 20C for generating a mixture of supercritical carbon dioxide and functional agents 21A to 21C, and spraying devices 30A to 30C having a plurality of nozzle holes 32 for spraying the mixture supplied from the mixing devices 20A to 20C onto a substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a coating device.

Background Art

[0002] In conventional aqueous dyeing of fabrics, it is common to use chemicals such as solvents and surfactants. However, in this case, there is a problem that a large amount of waste liquid is generated and a large amount of energy is consumed for drying after coating, resulting in a very high environmental load. For this reason, dyes using supercritical carbon dioxide that can be easily removed from the substrate by heating after coating have been studied.

[0003] For example, in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent No. 5129756), supercritical carbon dioxide and a functional agent in which a solvent or a solid material is dissolved in a solvent are supplied from a fluid storage container and a reaction liquid container, respectively, pressurized and transported by a pump, and mixed. Then, the mixed fluid is ejected from a single nozzle and applied to a filamentous fiber.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] Since the device of Patent Document 1 is configured to apply a dye to a thin fiber, there is a problem that a functional agent cannot be efficiently applied to a wide range of substrates.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to efficiently apply a functional agent to a substrate.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is characterized by including a supply device that supplies a supercritical fluid, a mixing device that generates a mixture of the supercritical fluid and a functional agent, and an injection device that has a plurality of nozzle holes for injecting the mixture supplied from the mixing device onto a substrate.

Effects of the Invention

[0007] In this invention, a functional agent can be efficiently applied to a substrate. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram showing a coating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of the supply and mixing equipment. [Figure 3] This is a perspective view showing the configuration of the injection device. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram of the flow channel member as seen from the base material side. [Figure 5] (a) is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the width direction, and (b) is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the conveying direction of the substrate. [Figure 6] This is a perspective view showing a modified example of a flow channel component. [Figure 7] This is a cross-sectional view showing how plate materials are laminated to form a flow channel component. [Figure 8] This figure shows a modified example of a nozzle hole formed in a flow channel member. [Figure 9] This figure shows a modified arrangement of nozzle holes formed in a flow channel member. [Figure 10] This figure shows an injection device having multiple flow path members. [Figure 11] This is a schematic diagram showing a modified example of the heating section of a coating apparatus. [Figure 12] This is a schematic diagram showing a modified example of the heating section of a coating apparatus. [Figure 13] This is a schematic diagram showing a modified example of the heating section of a coating apparatus. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In each figure, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations will be simplified or omitted as appropriate.

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a coating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] As shown in Figure 1, the coating apparatus 1 comprises a supply device 10, mixing devices 20A to 20C, spraying devices 30A to 30C, heating devices 40A to 40C, an unwinder 61 as a feeding member, and a rewinder 62 as a winding member. The supply device 10 supplies supercritical carbon dioxide, which is a supercritical fluid, to the mixing devices 20A to 20C. The mixing devices 20A to 20C produce mixtures (hereinafter also simply referred to as mixtures) by mixing supercritical carbon dioxide and functional additives 21A to 21C, respectively. The spraying devices 30A to 30C spray the mixture onto the substrate 50. The unwinder 61 holds the roll-shaped substrate 50 and feeds the substrate 50 in the direction of substrate transport, which is the direction of arrow A, by its own rotation. The rewinder 62 winds up the substrate 50 that has been fed in the direction of arrow A by its own rotation. The mixing devices 20A-20C, the injection devices 30A-30C, and the heating devices 40A-40C have the same configuration except for the difference in the functional additives 21A-21C that are mixed, and will hereinafter simply be referred to as the mixing device 20, the injection device 30, and the heating device 40. Also, the functional additives 21A-21C will be referred to as functional additive 21.

[0012] The base material 50 is transported in the direction of arrow A between the unwinder 61 and the rewinder 62, supported by a plurality of transport rollers 63. The unwinder 61 as the unwinding member, the rewinder 62 as the winding member, and the transport rollers 63 constitute the transport section of this embodiment for transporting the base material 50.

[0013] The base material 50 can be selected from materials appropriate to the application. In this embodiment, the base material 50 is a fabric, and polymer materials such as polyester, polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, polyurethane, vinylon, and aramid can be used. It is also preferable to use a polymer film or polymer fiber as the base material 50.

[0014] The supercritical carbon dioxide supplied from the supply device 10 is mixed with the functional agent 21 in the mixing device 20. Then, the mixture containing the functional agent is injected onto the substrate 50 by the injection device 30. The heating device 40 heats the substrate 50 on the downstream side in the substrate conveyance direction from the injection positions E1 to E3 of the respective injection devices 30A to 30C. Thereby, the functional agent 21 is exhausted from the substrate 50.

[0015] By arranging the plurality of mixing devices 20A to 20C along the conveyance path of the substrate 50, a plurality of types of functional agents 21A to 21C can be applied and fixed to the substrate 50. Thereby, the substrate 50 can be made multifunctional, such as performing painting of a plurality of colors on the substrate 50.

[0016] If a solvent or a solid material dissolved in a solvent is used as the functional agent 21, an increase in environmental load due to the use of a large amount of the solvent becomes a problem. However, in this embodiment, the environmental load can be reduced by using solid powder as the functional agent. However, in the case of a functional agent that is difficult to dissolve in supercritical carbon dioxide, a solvent such as ethanol may be used as a dissolution aid.

[0017] Next, the configurations of the supply device 10 and the mixing device 20 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the supply device and the mixing device.

[0018] As shown in Fig. 2, the supply device 10 includes a cylinder 11, a high-pressure valve 101, a cooler 12, a high-pressure pump 13, a heater 14 as a heating element, and a back-pressure valve 102. The cylinder 11 stores carbon dioxide. The cooler 12 cools the liquid carbon dioxide supplied from the cylinder 11 to a temperature below the saturation temperature. The high-pressure pump 13 pressurizes the cooled liquid carbon dioxide to a predetermined pressure (for example, the critical pressure of 7.3 MPa). The heater 14 heats the liquid carbon dioxide supplied from the high-pressure pump 13 to a predetermined temperature (for example, the critical temperature of 31 °C) to make it in a supercritical state. The back-pressure valve 102 returns the excess liquid carbon dioxide among the liquid carbon dioxide supplied from the high-pressure pump 13 to the downstream side of the high-pressure pump 13. As the high-pressure pump 13, a positive-displacement plunger pump is preferably used, and a double-plunger pump capable of controlling the discharge amount and suppressing pulsation can be used.

[0019] In particular, the supply device 10 of the present embodiment has a cooler 12, and has a function of lowering the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide during liquid feeding by cooling with the cooler 12 and maintaining the liquefied state. Thereby, quantitative liquid feeding by the high-pressure pump 13 is enabled. Further, in the supply device 10, a heater 14 is provided on the downstream side of the cooler 12 in the liquid feeding direction. That is, the liquid carbon dioxide cooled by the cooler 12 can be made in a supercritical state by heating with the heater 14, and the solubility with the functional additive 21 to be mixed in the mixing device 20 is improved. Thus, by providing the cooler 12 and the heater 14 in the supply device 10, it is possible to achieve both ensuring good liquid feeding performance in the supply device 10 and good solubility between the supercritical fluid and the functional additive 21 in the mixing device 20.

[0020] As an example of the cooler 12, a chiller device that circulates cooling water to cool the object to be cooled can be mentioned. Further, as an example of the high-pressure pump 13, a double-plunger pump capable of controlling the liquid discharge amount and preventing pulsation can be mentioned. However, the cooler 12 and the high-pressure pump 13 are not limited to these. Further, for the heater 14, a heat exchanger (evaporator) is used to heat the fluid. However, the configuration of the heater 14 is not limited to this.

[0021] The mixing device 20 comprises a high-pressure vessel 22, a stirring mechanism 23, a motor 24, a heater 25, and a waste liquid container 26. A high-pressure valve 103 is provided in the piping connecting the supply device 10 and the mixing device 20. A high-pressure valve 104 is provided in the piping connecting the mixing device 20 and the injection device 30 (see Figure 1). A high-pressure valve 105 is provided in the piping connecting the high-pressure vessel 22 and the waste liquid container 26. Supercritical carbon dioxide is sent to the high-pressure vessel 22 via the high-pressure valve 103. Inside the high-pressure vessel 22, the supercritical carbon dioxide and the functional agent 21 are stirred and mixed by the stirring mechanism 23. The mixture is sent in the direction of arrow B via the high-pressure valve 104 and piping 27 and supplied to the injection device 30. The stirring mechanism 23 is driven by the motor 24.

[0022] In this embodiment, by providing a high-pressure container 22 in the mixing device 20, the functional agent 21 can be introduced into the high-pressure container 22 by pressure. This allows for efficient transport of the functional agent 21 to the stirring position, even in the case of a solid powder functional agent 21 as in this embodiment, compared to a method of transporting the functional agent 21 by means of a liquid transfer pump, for example. An example of a high-pressure container 22 is a cylindrical container made of stainless steel with an outer diameter of φ150 mm and an inner diameter of φ65 mm, but the configuration of the high-pressure container 22 is not limited to this.

[0023] Examples of the stirring mechanism 23 include a magnetic impeller (a vane that rotates due to the driving force from a motor), a single-screw, two-screw that mesh with each other, a two-screw mixer with multiple stirring elements that mesh with or overlap each other, a kneader with spiral-shaped stirring elements that mesh with each other, and a static mixer.

[0024] The solubility of the functional agent 21 in carbon dioxide is dependent on pressure and temperature, with solubility tending to increase with higher pressure or temperature. Therefore, the amount of functional agent 21 injected from the injection device 30 can be adjusted by detecting and appropriately controlling the pressure and temperature inside the high-pressure container 22 using a pressure gauge and a thermometer.

[0025] Furthermore, it is preferable that each pipe through which carbon dioxide, or a mixture of carbon dioxide and the functional agent 21, passes be equipped with a mechanism to maintain a predetermined temperature, and that a heating mechanism or insulating material be provided around the pipes. The high-pressure vessel 22 and the pipes 27 may be maintained at different temperatures.

[0026] After the coating operation is complete, the excess functionalizing agent 21 in the high-pressure container 22 can be disposed of in the waste liquid container 26 along with supercritical carbon dioxide by opening the high-pressure valve 105.

[0027] The heating device 40 has a heating means and can promote the diffusion of the functional material 21 into the substrate 50 by raising the temperature of the substrate 50 and the functional material 21 applied to the substrate 50. Examples of heating means include heat conduction, convection, and radiation heating methods, but an infrared heating device can be suitably used from the viewpoint of shortening the heating time and thermal efficiency. The wavelength of the infrared rays can be appropriately selected depending on the object to be heated. By placing a radiation thermometer inside the heating device 40 to measure the surface temperature of the substrate 50, the substrate 50 can be heated to a desired temperature. In addition, by placing a thermometer that detects the ambient temperature inside the heating device 40 together with the radiation thermometer, overheating of the heating device 40 and the substrate 50 can be prevented, thereby ensuring the safety of the coating device.

[0028] Next, the detailed configuration of the spraying device will be explained using Figures 3 to 5. Figure 3 is a perspective view of the spraying device, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the flow path member viewed from the substrate side in a direction perpendicular to the coating surface of the substrate, Figure 5(a) is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the width direction, and Figure 5(b) is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the substrate transport direction.

[0029] As shown in Figure 3, the injection device 30 has a flow channel member 31. The flow channel member 31 extends in the direction of arrow C, which is the width direction of the substrate 50. This width direction of the substrate 50 is the direction along the surface of the substrate 50 and is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the substrate 50.

[0030] One end of the flow channel member 31 is connected to the piping 27 via a joint 33. The mixture is supplied from the mixing device 20 (see Figure 2) to the flow channel member 31 via the piping 27.

[0031] As shown in Figure 4, the flow channel member 31 is provided with a plurality of nozzle holes 32. The nozzle holes 32 are arranged in a row in the width direction of the substrate. The area indicated by the double arrow D in Figure 4 is the passage region in the width direction of the substrate. In this embodiment, the nozzle holes 32 are provided outside the substrate in the width direction. In this embodiment, the nozzle holes 32 are formed as circular holes with a circular cross-section.

[0032] As shown in Figure 5(a), the flow channel member 31 is a cylindrical member with a circular cross-section. As shown in Figure 5(b), nozzle holes 32 are formed on the substrate side of the flow channel member 31. In this embodiment, the nozzle holes 32 are formed at equal intervals in the width direction of the substrate, but this is not limited to this. The mixture flows through the flow channel, which is the hollow portion inside the flow channel member 31, and the mixture containing the functional agent is sprayed onto the substrate from each nozzle hole 32.

[0033] The nozzle hole 32 can be formed by known methods such as machining, electrical discharge machining, or laser processing, and the method can be appropriately selected considering the shape of the nozzle hole, the wall thickness of the flow channel member, and the material.

[0034] By opening the high-pressure valve 104 shown in Figure 2, a mixture of supercritical carbon dioxide and the functional agent 21 is supplied from the flow path in the piping 27 to the flow path member 31 and sprayed from the nozzle hole 32. In this embodiment, since multiple nozzle holes 32 are provided in the width direction of the substrate, the functional agent can be sprayed over the entire width of the substrate. Therefore, the functional agent 21 can be efficiently applied to the substrate, improving the productivity of the coating apparatus. In this embodiment, the entire surface of the fabric substrate 50 can be dyed by applying the dye, which is the functional agent 21, in a solid coat.

[0035] In particular, by flowing the mixture containing the supercritical fluid into the pipe 27 and the flow channel member 31 under high pressure, the mixture can be flowed with almost no pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides. Therefore, even with a long flow channel member 31 and a configuration that simply provides nozzle holes 32 without a special injection mechanism on the injection side, the mixture can be injected evenly from each nozzle hole 32, and the functional agent can be applied uniformly to the substrate 50 in the width direction.

[0036] Furthermore, when using water-based dyes as functional additives, a large amount of wastewater is generated, and a large amount of energy is required for drying. In contrast, as in this embodiment, by applying a mixture of the functional additive 21 and a supercritical fluid to the substrate, the functional additive can be applied to the substrate with minimal environmental impact.

[0037] As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, three spraying devices 30A to 30C are arranged from the upstream side in the transport direction of the substrate 50. Each of the spraying devices 30A to 30C sprays a mixture of different functional additives 21A to 21C and supercritical carbon dioxide. In this embodiment, a dye is used as the functional additive 21, and different colored dyes are used for functional additives 21A to 21C. By appropriately adjusting the pressure and temperature of each high-pressure container 20 and adjusting the amount of each dye applied, the substrate 50 can be colored to the desired color.

[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment, disperse dyes such as CI Disperse Red (CI Disperse Red 1, CI Disperse Red 13, CI Disperse Red 54, CI Disperse Red 60, etc.), CI Disperse Blue (CI Disperse Blue 1, CI Disperse Blue 3, CI Disperse Blue 7, CI Disperse Blue 14, CI Disperse Blue 301, CI Disperse Blue 354, etc.), and CI Disperse Yellow (CI Disperse Yellow 3, CI Disperse Yellow 5, CI Disperse Yellow 7, CI Disperse Yellow 42, etc.) are used as the functionalizing agents 21A to 21C. However, the number of spraying devices, heating devices, and types and numbers of functional materials are not limited to these.

[0039] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, nozzle holes 32 are also provided outside the widthwise passage region D of the substrate. This makes it possible to uniformize the coating concentration of the functional agent on the substrate in the widthwise direction. In other words, the functional agent sprayed from each nozzle hole 32 is sprayed onto the substrate while spreading, and the coating areas of the functional agent sprayed from multiple nozzle holes 32 overlap on the substrate. Therefore, at the edges in the widthwise direction, the number of nozzle holes 32 with overlapping coating areas is smaller compared to the central side, and the coating concentration becomes lower than at the central side. For this reason, by providing nozzle holes 32 outside the widthwise passage region D of the substrate as in this embodiment, the edges where the coating concentration is lower can be positioned outside the passage region of the substrate, and the coating concentration of the functional agent on the substrate can be uniformized.

[0040] The tubular flow channel member 31 may have a circular cross-section as shown in Figure 3, or a rectangular cross-section as shown in Figure 6. These flow channel members 31 can be formed at low cost by using standard piping specified in ISO 1127, ASTM A2699, etc., even when the base material 50 is wide.

[0041] Furthermore, the flow channel member 31 shown in Figure 6 can also be formed by laminating multiple plate materials 35, as shown in Figure 7. The plate materials 35 are joined together, for example, by diffusion bonding. In this case, the shape of the flow channel within the flow channel member 31 can be freely changed by partially changing the length of the plate materials, allowing for the formation of the flow channel within the flow channel member 31 with a high degree of freedom.

[0042] The flow channel member 31 is designed considering its pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, and the amount of coating applied to the substrate. Specifically, these functions are satisfied by appropriately setting the material, wall thickness, nozzle dimensions, nozzle pitch, and distance between the nozzle holes and the substrate of the flow channel member 31. As the material for the flow channel member 31, stainless steel (SUS304, SUS316, etc.) or nickel alloys such as Inconel (a registered trademark; in particular Inconel 600, Inconel 625, Inconel 718, Inconel X750, etc.) and Hastelloy (a registered trademark; in particular Hastelloy B2, Hastelloy B3, Hastelloy C276, Hastelloy C22) are preferred.

[0043] As shown in Figure 8, the nozzle hole 32 can also be formed as a wide, elongated hole in the width direction. This allows the supercritical carbon dioxide to expand more easily in the width direction of the substrate when the mixture containing the functional agent is sprayed from the nozzle hole 32, enabling the functional agent to be sprayed over a wider area in the width direction. Therefore, it becomes possible to apply the functional agent to a wider area more efficiently. A nozzle hole 32 being wide in the width direction means that when the nozzle hole 32 is viewed from the substrate side in a direction perpendicular to the coating surface of the substrate, its length in the width direction is longer than its length in the direction perpendicular to the width direction. However, the length along the surface of the flow channel member 31 may also be longer than the length in the direction intersecting the width direction of the nozzle hole 32 in the width direction.

[0044] Furthermore, the nozzle holes 32 may be formed in multiple rows. For example, as shown in Figure 9, two rows of nozzle holes 320, Nozzle Row 320A and Nozzle Row 320B, can be formed, with the nozzle holes 32 arranged in the width direction. In Figure 9, the nozzle holes 32 in Nozzle Row 320A and Nozzle Row 320B are offset in the width direction, and the nozzle holes 32 are arranged alternately in the width direction. In other words, in a view perpendicular to the coating surface of the substrate, as shown in Figure 9, the nozzle holes 32 are arranged in a staggered pattern. This makes it possible to make the amount of functional agent applied to the substrate more uniform in the width direction, and improves the functionality of the functional agent. In addition, by arranging multiple rows of nozzle rows 32, the amount of functional agent sprayed can be increased, and the coating speed of the coating device can be improved. However, three or more rows of nozzle rows may be provided, and the arrangement of the nozzle holes can be selected as appropriate.

[0045] The spraying device may also have a configuration having multiple flow path members. For example, as shown in Figure 10, the flow path member 31A and the flow path member 31B may be arranged side by side in the direction of transport of the substrate. In this embodiment, nozzle rows 320A and 320B are formed in each of the flow path members 31A and 31B. However, multiple nozzle rows may be formed. The nozzle holes 32 of the nozzle rows 320A and 320B are arranged in a staggered pattern. In this embodiment as well, the amount of functional agent applied to the substrate can be made more uniform in the width direction. In this embodiment as well, the amount of functional agent sprayed can be increased and the coating speed of the coating device can be improved. The flow path member 31A and the flow path member 31B are supplied with a mixture, for example, via piping branched from a common mixing device. However, the mixture may be supplied from each mixing device.

[0046] Next, modified examples of the heating section provided in the coating apparatus will be explained using Figures 11 to 13.

[0047] The coating apparatus 1 shown in Figure 11 has a single heating device 40 located downstream of each of the spraying devices 30A to 30C in the substrate transport direction A. In other words, after the mixture is sprayed onto the substrate 50 by each of the spraying devices 30A to 30C, it is heated by the heating device 40. Compared to the configuration in Figure 1, the coating apparatus 1 can be made smaller and less expensive.

[0048] The coating apparatus 1 shown in Figure 12 has an upstream heating device 41 located upstream of the spraying devices 30A to 30C in the substrate transport direction A, in addition to the heating devices 40A to 40C shown in Figure 1. The upstream heating device 41 is, for example, an infrared heating device. In this embodiment, the substrate 50 can be preheated upstream of the spraying positions E1 to E3 by the spraying devices 30, thereby further improving the exhaustability of the functional agent 21 to the substrate 50.

[0049] Furthermore, the coating apparatus 1 shown in Figure 13 has a downstream heating device 42 in addition to the heating devices 40A to 40C provided downstream of each spray device 30A to 30C. The downstream heating device 42 has a plurality of heating rollers 43. The heating rollers 43 contact the substrate 50 and heat the substrate 50. This makes it possible to further improve the exhaustability of the functional agent 21 to the substrate 50.

[0050] The configurations of the heating devices shown in Figures 1, 11 to 13 above may be combined.

[0051] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0052] A supercritical fluid refers to a fluid that operates under supercritical conditions, where both its temperature and pressure are above the critical temperature. For example, a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid refers to a carbon dioxide fluid that operates under supercritical conditions, where its temperature is above 31.1°C (the critical temperature of carbon dioxide) and its pressure is above 7.48 MPa (the critical pressure).

[0053] Furthermore, supercritical fluids can also be used together with an entrainer (co-solvent). Examples of entrainers include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and organic solvents such as toluene, ethyl acetate, and tetrahydrofuran. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0054] There are no particular restrictions on the functionalizing agent, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose and the physicochemical properties of the substrate. Examples include dyes; preservatives, antifungal agents, waterproofing agents, conductive agents, ultraviolet absorbers, strength enhancers, oxidizing agents, neutralizing agents, metal or catalyst deactivators, slip agents, light stabilizers, anti-tackling agents, lubricants, fire retardant coupling agents, processing aids, antistatic agents, nucleating agents, and foaming agents. Among these, dyes are preferred when used for dyeing applications, and preservatives, antifungal agents, waterproofing agents, and conductive agents are preferred when used for various other applications. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more. Specifically, two or more may be mixed and applied in a single application step, or two or more may be applied individually in two or more application steps.

[0055] As functionalizing agents, those that do not leach from the substrate under actual use conditions, and that are substantially insoluble in the substrate under normal conditions, or that dissolve only in extremely small amounts, are preferably selected.

[0056] Examples of dyes include disperse dyes, acid dyes, acid mordant dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes, construction dyes, reactive dyes, and naphthol dyes. Among these, the disperse dyes of the above embodiment are preferred because of their excellent solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. When performing aqueous dyeing using disperse dyes, a dispersant can be added to ensure stable dispersion of the disperse dye in water.

[0057] Examples of the above-mentioned disperse dyes include Disperse Yellow 54, Disperse Yellow 122, Disperse Yellow 124, Disperse Yellow 128, Disperse Yellow 134, Disperse Yellow 140, Disperse Orange 5, Disperse Orange 25, Disperse Orange 37, Disperse Orange 93, Disperse Orange 103, Disperse Orange 112, Disperse Orange 134, Disperse Orange 370, Disperse Green 7, Disperse Violet 61, Disperse Violet 63, Disperse Brown 1, Disperse Brown 13, Disperse Blue 14, Disperse Blue 27, Disperse Blue 54, Disperse Blue 56, Disperse Blue 176, Disperse Blue 182, Disperse Blue 193, Disperse Red 60, Disperse Red 146, Disperse Red 199, Disperse Red 202, Disperse Red 204, and Disperse Red 291. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more types.

[0058] Examples of the above-mentioned preservatives and antifungal agents include malcaside YP-DP (manufactured by Osaka Chemical Industries, Ltd.), amolden HS (manufactured by Yamato Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), catechin, chitosan, flavone, acrylonitrile, and polyanions having multiple anionic functional groups in one molecule, such as carboxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, sulfate groups, or phosphate groups.

[0059] Examples of the waterproofing agents mentioned above include Neoseed (manufactured by Nikka Chemical Co., Ltd.), Quinsett PSO-5500 (manufactured by Kotani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and POLONCOAT-E (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0060] Examples of the conductive agents mentioned above include silver acetylacetonate, dimethylcyclooctadiene platinum II, and bisacetylacetonatepalladium.

[0061] Examples of the above-mentioned UV absorbers include benzotriazole-based and benzophenone-based UV absorbers.

[0062] Examples of the strength-enhancing agents mentioned above include silicone oil.

[0063] Examples of the neutralizing agent and catalyst deactivator mentioned above include zinc oxide, zinc stearate, aliphatic amines, and aliphatic amides.

[0064] Examples of the above metals include copper, silver, nickel, and gold.

[0065] Examples of the slip agents mentioned above include erucamide, oleamide, and ethylenebisstearamide.

[0066] Examples of the above-mentioned light stabilizers include benzophenone derivatives.

[0067] Examples of the anti-sticking agents mentioned above include diatomaceous earth silica, clay, and talc.

[0068] Examples of the above lubricants include organically modified polydimethylsiloxane. Examples of processing aids include calcium stearate and organically modified polydimethylsiloxane.

[0069] Examples of the above-mentioned antistatic agents include glycerol monostearate, ethoxylated amines, polyethylene glycol esters, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

[0070] Examples of the foaming agents mentioned above include azodicarbonamide and sodium bicarbonate.

[0071] Examples of the present invention are as follows: <1> A supply device for supplying supercritical fluid, A mixing apparatus that produces a mixture of supercritical fluid and a functionalizing agent, The coating apparatus is characterized by comprising a spraying device having a plurality of nozzle holes for spraying the mixture supplied from the mixing device onto a substrate. <2> The supply device comprises a cooler for cooling the liquid and a heating element for heating the liquid to make it a supercritical fluid. <1> The coating apparatus described above. <3> The mixing apparatus includes a high-pressure vessel into which the functional agent is placed and mixed with the supercritical fluid. <1> or <2> Any of the coating devices described above. <4> The functional agent is a solid powder. <1> from <3> Any of the coating devices described above. <5> It has a transport unit for transporting the substrate, The system further includes a heating device that heats the substrate downstream of the injection position of the mixture in the conveying direction of the substrate. <1> from <4> The coating apparatus is one of the described devices. <6> Multiple injection devices, Each of the injection devices is provided with a plurality of heating devices. <5> This is the coating apparatus described above. <7> The system further includes an upstream heating device for heating the substrate, located upstream of the substrate in the transport direction from the position where the mixture is sprayed onto the substrate. <5> or <6> This is the coating apparatus described above. <8> A downstream heating device for heating the substrate is further provided downstream of the heating device and all of the injection devices in the conveying direction of the substrate. <5> from <7> The coating apparatus is one of the described devices. <9> The injection device has a flow path member comprising the nozzle hole and the flow path through which the mixture flows, The flow channel member extends in the width direction of the substrate, and a plurality of nozzle holes are arranged in the width direction. <1> from <8> The coating apparatus is one of the described devices. <10> The nozzle holes are arranged in a staggered pattern. <9> This is a coating apparatus related to the description. <11> The aforementioned flow channel member has a cylindrical shape with a circular or rectangular cross-section. <9> or <10> This is the coating apparatus described above. <12> The aforementioned flow channel member has a rectangular cross-section and is formed by stacking multiple plate materials in a direction perpendicular to the width direction. <9> from <11> The coating apparatus is one of the described devices. <13> The aforementioned flow channel member is formed of stainless steel or nickel alloy. <9> from <12> The coating apparatus is one of the described devices. <14> The aforementioned flow channel member is formed from a nickel alloy such as Inconel or Hastelloy. <9> from <12> The coating apparatus is one of the described devices. <15> The nozzle hole is circular. <1> from <14> The coating apparatus is one of the described devices. <16> The nozzle holes are provided wide in the width direction of the substrate. <1> from <15> The coating apparatus is one of the described devices. <17> Multiple mixing devices having different functional agents, Each of the aforementioned mixing devices comprises a plurality of injection devices corresponding to each of the aforementioned mixing devices. <1> from <16> The coating apparatus is one of the described devices. <18> The aforementioned functional agent is a dye. Each of the aforementioned mixing devices mixes a dye of a different color with the supercritical fluid. <17> This is the coating apparatus described above. <19> The pressure or temperature of the mixture injected from each injection device is different. <17> or <18> This is the coating apparatus described above. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0072] 1. Coating device 10 Feeding device 12 Cooler 14. Heater (heating element) 20 Mixing equipment 22 High-pressure vessel 30 Injector 31 Flow channel member 32 nozzle holes 40 Heating device 41 Upstream heating device 42 Downstream heating device 50 Base material 61 Unwinder (feeding mechanism) 62 Rewinder (winding component) A. Conveying direction of the substrate C Width direction of the substrate [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0073] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 5129756

Claims

1. A supply device for supplying supercritical fluid, A mixing apparatus that produces a mixture of supercritical fluid and a functionalizing agent, A coating apparatus characterized by comprising a spraying device having a plurality of nozzle holes for spraying the mixture supplied from the mixing device onto a substrate.

2. The coating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the supply device comprises a cooler for cooling the liquid and a heating element for heating the liquid to a supercritical fluid.

3. The coating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mixing apparatus comprises a high-pressure vessel into which the functional agent is placed and mixed with the supercritical fluid.

4. The coating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the functional agent is a solid powder.

5. It has a transport unit for transporting the substrate, The coating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a heating device for heating the substrate downstream of the injection position of the mixture in the conveying direction of the substrate.

6. The injection device has a flow path member comprising a flow path through which the mixture flows and a nozzle hole, The coating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the flow channel member extends in the width direction of the substrate, and a plurality of nozzle holes are arranged in the width direction.

7. The coating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle hole is circular.

8. The coating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle holes are provided wide in the width direction of the substrate.

9. The coating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the nozzle holes are arranged in a staggered pattern.

10. The coating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the flow channel member is cylindrical with a circular or rectangular cross-section.

11. The coating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the flow channel member has a rectangular cross-section and is formed by stacking multiple plate materials in a direction perpendicular to the width direction.

12. Multiple mixing devices having different functional agents, The coating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of spraying devices corresponding to each of the aforementioned mixing devices.

13. The aforementioned functional agent is a dye. The coating apparatus according to claim 12, wherein each of the mixing devices mixes a dye of a different color with the supercritical fluid.

14. The coating apparatus according to claim 12, wherein at least one of the pressure or temperature of the mixture sprayed from each spraying device is different.

15. The coating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the flow channel member is made of stainless steel or nickel alloy.

16. The coating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the flow channel member is formed of Inconel or Hastelloy, which are nickel alloys.

17. Multiple injection devices, The coating apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a plurality of heating devices provided for each of the spraying devices.

18. The coating apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising an upstream heating device for heating the substrate located upstream of the position where the mixture is sprayed onto the substrate in the conveying direction of the substrate.

19. The coating apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a downstream heating device for heating the substrate, located downstream of the heating device and all of the spraying devices in the conveying direction of the substrate.

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