Wind sensor and wind detection system

Abstract

The objective is to provide a wind sensor and wind detection system that can detect even very weak winds. [Solution] A wind sensor is provided, comprising a displacement section, a gas layer, and a metal layer, wherein the gas layer is disposed between the displacement section and the metal layer, the displacement section has a resistance layer and a dielectric layer, and the displacement section is configured such that the distance between at least a part of the displacement section and the metal layer changes due to wind hitting the surface of the displacement section, the wind sensor is configured to change the reflection loss of radio waves as the distance changes, and the reflection loss is based on a first power of a first radio wave incident on the displacement section and a second power of a second radio wave that is reflected by the metal layer after being incident on the displacement section and radiated from the displacement section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wind sensor and a wind detection system.

Background Art

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a wind sensor installed near the rooftop of a building for detecting the direction and speed of wind around the building. The technology described in Patent Document 1 is utilized for elevator control. In Patent Document 1, the detected wind direction information and wind speed information are input into a control device, and these information are used in combination with the sway direction information and period information from an acceleration sensor to determine whether the sway of the building is caused by strong wind or earthquake. For example, when the wind direction information and the sway direction information match, it is determined that the sway is caused by strong wind.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses a wind sensor assuming strong wind that shakes a building, but it is not suitable for applications such as detecting weak air currents in space.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a wind sensor and a wind detection system capable of detecting weak wind.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] According to the present invention, a wind sensor is provided, comprising a displacement section, a gas layer, and a metal layer, wherein the gas layer is disposed between the displacement section and the metal layer, the displacement section has a resistance layer and a dielectric layer, and the displacement section is configured such that the distance between at least a part of the displacement section and the metal layer changes due to wind hitting the surface of the displacement section, the wind sensor is configured to change the reflection loss of radio waves as the distance changes, and the reflection loss is based on a first power of a first radio wave incident on the displacement section and a second power of a second radio wave that is reflected by the metal layer after being incident on the displacement section and radiated from the displacement section.

[0007] According to the present invention, a configuration is employed in which the reflection loss of radio waves is changed by changing the distance between the displacement part and the metal layer, making it possible to detect even a weak wind. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the general configuration of the wind detection system 100. [Figure 2] Figure 2A is a perspective view of the wind sensor 2. Figure 2B is a perspective view of the wind sensor 2 shown in Figure 2A with the displacement part 2a removed. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a side view of the wind sensor 2 shown in Figure 2, and is an explanatory diagram of the incident and reflected radio waves. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows the wind sensor 2 shown in Figure 3, with the position of the displacement part 2a being displaced due to wind being blown onto the wind sensor 2. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a functional block diagram of the information processing unit 1B. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a functional block diagram of the control unit 12. [Figure 7]Figure 7 is a graph showing how the reflection loss changes as the distance x between the displacement part 2a of the wind sensor 2 and the metal layer 2c changes. Figure 7 shows the results (21 graphs in total) when the distance x is changed in increments of 0.001 cm in the range of 0.99 to 1.01 cm. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is an enlarged view of the graph shown in Figure 7, specifically the range from 260 to 280 GHz. In Figure 8, the graphs in the area overlapping with arrow Ar are arranged sequentially in the direction of arrow Ar, starting with the graph at x=0.99 (cm) and continuing to the graphs at x=0.1 and x=0.01 (cm). In other words, when looking at the area where the graphs overlap with arrow Ar, the graph adjacent to the graph at x=0.99 (cm) in the direction of arrow Ar corresponds to the graph at x=0.991 (cm) (dashed line), and the graph adjacent to this corresponds to the graph at x=0.992 (cm) (single dot dashed line). [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The various features shown in the embodiments below can be combined with each other. Furthermore, each feature constitutes an independent invention.

[0010] 1. Description of the Configuration of the Embodiment As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the wind detection system 100 comprises a transceiver 1 and a wind sensor 2 that can communicate with the transceiver 1. In the wind detection system 100, the wind sensor 2 has a radio wave absorbing structure (in this embodiment, a so-called λ / 4 type radio wave absorbing structure) and also has a movable structure, which will be described later. As a result, the distance between specific components of the wind sensor 2 changes, and the absorption frequency band of the wind sensor 2 as a radio wave absorbing changes.

[0011] The detailed configuration of the wind sensor 2 according to this embodiment will be described in detail later, but as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the wind sensor 2 comprises a displacement part 2a, a support part 2b, a metal layer 2c, and a gas layer 2d. The radio wave absorption characteristics change as the position of the displacement part 2a changes (as the distance x between the displacement part 2a and the metal layer 2c changes). The wind detection system 100 is able to acquire wind data by acquiring the power of the radio waves to be transmitted and the power of the radio waves reflected back by the wind sensor 2.

[0012] Here, wind data is, for example, wind volume, but is not limited to this. Wind data includes at least one of the following: wind volume, presence or absence of wind, increase or decrease in wind volume, and wind direction. In other words, wind data may be any one of wind volume, presence or absence of wind, increase or decrease in wind volume, and wind direction, or it may be a combination of several of these (for example, wind volume and increase or decrease in wind volume). Regarding the presence or absence of wind, it may be set in a way that "wind present" is used when the wind volume is above a predetermined level, and "no wind" is used when the wind volume is below that level.

[0013] 1-1. Transmitter / Receiver 1 As shown in Figures 1 and 5, the transmitting / receiving device 1 comprises a housing 1A, an information processing unit 1B, and an antenna unit 1C.

[0014] 1-1-1. Enclosure 1A Enclosure 1A is a case that houses the information processing unit 1B. An antenna unit 1C is also provided within enclosure 1A.

[0015] 1-1-2. Information Processing Unit 1B The information processing unit 1B has functions such as generating and processing transmission signals and receiving and processing reception signals. Here, the transmission signal is a signal radiated as a radio wave (first radio wave) via the antenna unit 1C, and this radio wave propagates through space to reach the wind sensor 2. The reception signal is a signal that is received by the antenna unit 1C after the radio wave (second radio wave) reflected by the wind sensor 2 propagates through space, and is processed by the information processing unit 1B.

[0016] As shown in FIG. 5, the information processing unit 1B includes a communication unit 10, a storage unit 11, a control unit 12, an output unit 13, and an input unit 14. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the control unit 12 includes a transmission unit 120, a reception unit 121, a wind data acquisition unit 122, and a notification unit 123.

[0017] Each component of the above information processing unit 1B may be realized by software or by hardware. When realized by software, various functions can be realized by a CPU executing a computer program. The program may be stored in a non-temporary computer-readable recording medium, may be provided for download from an external server, or may also be realized by so-called cloud computing that reads out a program stored in an external storage unit to realize functions. When realized by hardware, it can be realized by various circuits such as an ASIC, an FPGA, or a DRP. In the embodiment, various information and concepts including this are handled, and these are represented by the high and low of signal values or quantum bits as a set of binary bits composed of 0 or 1, and communication and calculation can be executed by the above software or hardware aspects. Note that the software may be a general-purpose OS or a dedicated OS.

[0018] The communication unit 10 can adopt a wired communication means such as, for example, USB, IEEE1394, Thunderbolt (registered trademark), wired LAN network communication, etc. Note that the communication unit 10 may adopt a configuration connected to a communication network via a wireless communication means such as, for example, wireless LAN network communication, mobile communication such as 3G / LTE / 5G, Bluetooth (registered trademark) communication, etc. Further, the communication unit 10 may have a configuration that combines the above-mentioned wired communication means and wireless communication means.

[0019] The storage unit 11 stores various values, such as various programs, constants, variables, and settings of the information processing unit 1B executed by the control unit 12. The storage unit 11 also stores information processed by various functional units of the information processing unit 1B. The storage unit 11 can employ a storage device such as a solid-state drive (SSD) or random access memory (RAM) that stores temporarily necessary information (arguments, arrays, etc.) related to program calculations. In addition to the storage unit 11, the information processing unit 1B may also use external storage (for example, an external storage medium, cloud, etc.).

[0020] The control unit 12 is configured to perform processing and control related to the information processing of the information processing unit 1B. The control unit 12 can be configured as, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), and in this embodiment, the control unit 12 is an example of a processor capable of executing various programs. The control unit 12 realizes various functions related to the information processing unit 1B by, for example, reading programs stored in the storage unit 11. Furthermore, the information processing of software in the information processing unit 1B is realized, for example, by the control unit 12, which is a hardware component, processing various programs stored in the storage unit 11.

[0021] The output unit 13 is, for example, the display unit of the information processing unit 1B. The output unit 13 may be included in the housing 1A, for example, or it may be externally mounted. The output unit 13 displays a graphical user interface (GUI) screen that can be operated by the user. The output unit 13 may employ display devices such as a CRT display, liquid crystal display, organic EL display, plasma display, or e-paper display, as well as display devices such as a lit-up light or a projector. It is optional whether or not the information processing unit 1B includes the output unit 13. For example, the output of the information processing unit 1B may be displayed on a display unit located in a separate location independent of where the information processing unit 1B is installed. The output unit 13 may also have a device that outputs sound.

[0022] The input unit 14 is configured to receive, for example, operation inputs made by a user. The input unit 14 may be included in the housing 1A or it may be external. The input unit 14 can be, for example, a touch panel, switch buttons, a mouse, a keyboard, etc. Whether or not the information processing unit 1B includes the input unit 14 is optional. For example, operation inputs to the information processing unit 1B may be received by the information processing unit 1B via the communication unit 10 from an information processing terminal located in a separate location independent of where the information processing unit 1B is installed.

[0023] 1-1-2-1. Transmitter 120 The transmitting unit 120 is configured to transmit a first radio wave to the wind sensor 2. In other words, the transmitting unit 120 is configured to radiate the first radio wave via the antenna unit 1C by performing processing to generate the first radio wave. The signal generated by the transmitting unit 120 is amplified by an amplifier, for example, by an oscillator (not shown), and radiated from the antenna unit 1C as a carrier wave of the desired power.

[0024] The frequency (GHz) of the signal generated by the transmitting unit 120 (the first radio wave transmitted by the transmitting unit 120) specifically includes, for example, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, and 1500, and may also be within the range of any two of the values ​​exemplified here. For example, the first radio wave transmitted by the transmitting unit 120 is 15 GHz or higher. The higher the frequency, the higher the resolution of the wind detection system 100, and the smaller and thinner the wind sensor 2 can be. Note that this frequency may be divided into multiple frequency ranges. For example, if defined using the values ​​listed above, the frequency (GHz) of the signal generated by the transmitter 120 (the first radio wave transmitted by the transmitter 120) may be between 100 GHz and 400 GHz, and between 800 GHz and 1000 GHz.

[0025] Furthermore, the information processing unit 1B is housed in the housing 1A. In other words, the transmitting unit 120, the receiving unit 121, and the wind data acquisition unit 122 are provided in a housing 1A that is independent of the wind sensor 2. In this embodiment, the case in which the transmitting unit 120 and the receiving unit 121 are housed in the same housing 1A is described as an example, but the invention is not limited to this. The transmitting unit 120 and the receiving unit 121 may be housed in separate housings. In this case, the information processing unit 1B will be arranged separately in the two housings. Furthermore, it is preferable that the receiving unit 121 is housed in the same housing as the wind data acquisition unit 122 and the notification unit 123. It is also preferable that the information processing unit in the housing where the transmitting unit 120 is housed is configured to communicate with the information processing unit in the housing where the receiving unit 121 is housed.

[0026] 1-1-2-2. Receiving unit 121 The receiving unit 121 is configured to receive a second radio wave from the wind sensor 2. The receiving unit 121 receives the second radio wave w2 via the antenna unit 1C. The second radio wave is a reflected wave of the first radio wave w1 that was carried to the wind sensor 2. Because the wind sensor 2 functions as a radio wave absorber, the second radio wave w2 is attenuated compared to the first radio wave w1. In other words, the second power P2, which corresponds to the second radio wave w2, is smaller than the first power P1, which corresponds to the first radio wave w1.

[0027] 1-1-2-3. Wind data acquisition unit 122 The wind data acquisition unit 122 acquires wind data using reflection loss based on the first power of the first radio wave and the second power of the second radio wave. Here, the reflection loss is based on the first power of the first radio wave incident on the wind sensor 2 (displacement unit 2a, described later) and the second power of the second radio wave that is reflected by the metal layer 2c of the wind sensor 2 (displacement unit 2a, described later) after being incident on the wind sensor 2 (displacement unit 2a) and radiated from the displacement unit 2a.

[0028] The wind data acquisition unit 122 has a function to acquire power. For example, if the power of the signal transmitted from the transmission unit 120 (the first radio wave w1 radiated from the antenna unit 1C) is predetermined, the wind data acquisition unit 122 can acquire this value from the storage unit 11. In addition, the wind data acquisition unit 122 can acquire the power of the signal received by the reception unit 121 (the second radio wave w2 received by the antenna unit 1C) by, for example, using a power detection circuit (not shown) provided in the information processing unit 1B.

[0029] As the position of the displacement part 2a of the wind sensor 2 changes, in other words, as the distance x between the displacement part 2a and the metal layer 2c changes, the radio wave absorption characteristics change, as shown in Figures 7 and 8. Figure 8 shows examples of radio wave absorption characteristics when the distance x is changed in increments of 0.001 cm within the range of 0.99 to 1.01 cm, and it can be seen that each absorption characteristic is unique depending on the distance x. Figures 7 and 8 are based on simulation results assuming that the thickness of the dielectric layer 2a1 (described later) is 200 μm, the thickness of the dielectric layer 2a3 is 50 μm, the material of the metal layer 2c (described later) is copper (with various properties such as conductivity being the same as copper), and the planar size of these layers is infinite.

[0030] It should be noted that the absorption characteristics shown in Figures 7 and 8 vary depending on the movable structure of the displacement portion 2a. For example, in the embodiment, the movable structure of the displacement portion 2a is a rotating structure, so as shown in Figure 4, the distance from the metal layer 2c changes depending on the part of the displacement portion 2a. In other words, in Figure 4, the distance x of the part of the displacement portion 2a that is close to the support portion 2b is relatively large, but the distance x of the part of the displacement portion 2a that is far from the support portion 2b is relatively small. On the other hand, the movable structure of the displacement part 2a could also be such that the entire displacement part 2a moves closer to or away from the metal layer 2c. For example, elastic members (e.g., spring members) could be placed at the corners of the displacement part 2a (for example, the four corners if the displacement part 2a is rectangular). While such a configuration is possible, it would require precise elastic members (spring members), which could increase manufacturing costs. In this respect, the configuration using the shaft part 2b1 offers advantages in terms of manufacturing costs.

[0031] As explained above, the characteristics shown in Figures 7 and 8 may vary depending on the differences in the movable structure, but the principle is the same. In the case of the former movable structure (where the displacement part 2a rotates as shown in Figure 4), for example, the distance x can be the average value of the distance between the displacement part 2a and the metal layer 2c, or it can be the shortest distance (shortest distance) of the distance between the displacement part 2a and the metal layer 2c. Furthermore, it should be noted that the absorption characteristics shown in Figures 7 and 8 will vary depending on the constituent materials of the displacement section 2a and the metal layer 2c. In other words, the characteristics shown in Figures 7 and 8 are merely examples used to describe the principle of the embodiment.

[0032] Figure 8 shows only the range of 0.99 to 1.01 cm as an example, but it is advisable to prepare a number of graphs (absorption characteristics) depending on the length of the assumed distance x and the required accuracy. The radio wave absorption characteristics are specific to the configuration of the wind sensor 2 (wind sensor body 2B) and are predetermined. The memory unit 11 stores information related to the relationship between reflection loss and frequency shown in the graph in Figure 8. This information may be in the form of a table, or it may be in the form of a calculation formula that is sequentially calculated by the wind data acquisition unit 122.

[0033] In this embodiment, reflection loss (dB) is used as the absorption characteristic of radio waves. Reflection loss can be defined, for example, as -10Log(P2 / P1). Here, P1 corresponds to the first power, which is the power of the first radio wave w1, and P2 corresponds to the second power, which is the power of the second radio wave.

[0034] The wind data acquisition unit 122 can sequentially calculate the reflection loss at predetermined timings based on the values ​​of P1 and P2. Based on the acquired reflection loss, it can determine the distance x between the displacement unit 2a and the metal layer 2c.

[0035] The memory unit 11 stores information relating to the correspondence between the displacement amount (distance x) of the displacement unit 2a and the airflow rate. This information may be in the form of a table or a calculation formula that is sequentially calculated by the wind data acquisition unit 122. This allows the wind data acquisition unit 122 to acquire the presence or absence of wind and the airflow rate. The wind data acquisition unit 122 can also acquire increases or decreases in airflow rate by continuously acquiring the airflow rate at predetermined intervals. Furthermore, multiple wind sensors 2 may be oriented in different desired directions, or a wind tunnel structure such as a duct may be placed in front of each wind sensor 2 to take in wind in a desired direction and blow wind onto the wind sensor 2, so that wind in that direction can be detected exclusively. This allows the wind data acquisition unit 122 to acquire the wind direction by detecting that wind "is present" for the wind sensor 2 in the corresponding direction.

[0036] As described above, the wind data acquisition unit 122 acquires reflection loss at any given timing based on the first power P1 of the first radio wave w1 and the second power P2 of the second radio wave w2, and by using the characteristics shown in Figure 8, it can acquire displacement (distance x) from the reflection loss and the known radio wave frequencies, and acquire wind data such as wind speed from this displacement.

[0037] In this embodiment, the wind data acquisition unit 122 was described as having functions such as calculating reflection loss, but it is not limited to this. The calculation may be performed by an external device other than the transmitting / receiving device 1, and the wind data acquisition unit 122 may acquire the calculation result via the communication unit 10.

[0038] 1-1-2-4. Hochi Department 123 The notification unit 123 has the function of notifying the user of wind data (e.g., wind speed, etc.) acquired by the wind data acquisition unit 122. This allows the user to be informed of the wind conditions in the space where the wind sensor is placed. The applications of the wind sensor 2 are not limited to these, and it can be applied to other applications as well. It is optional whether or not the wind detection system 100 includes the notification unit 123.

[0039] 1-2. Wind Sensor 2 The wind sensor 2 shown in Figures 1 to 4 comprises a frame 2A and a wind sensor body 2B. The wind sensor 2 is configured to change the reflection loss of radio waves by changing the distance x between the displacement part 2a and the metal layer 2c. In other words, the wind sensor 2 functions as a radio wave absorber, and by changing the distance x between the displacement part 2a and the metal layer 2c, the resonant frequency as a radio wave absorber changes, the reflection component of the radio waves changes, and as a result, the reflection loss of radio waves can be changed. The wind sensor 2 is a suitable sensor for the frequency band of 15 GHz or higher (wavelength band of radio waves of 15 GHz or higher) as described in "1-1-2-1. Transmitter 120". Furthermore, the wind sensor 2 does not require power (power supply, battery), the applicable radio wave frequency band is high (the applicable radio wave wavelength is short), and miniaturization and thinning are possible. For example, if a wind sensor 2 for the 300 GHz band is manufactured, it will be 2 cm 3 It is possible to construct it in a size of approximately that. Furthermore, at least one of the frame portion 2A and the wind sensor body 2B may be made of a transparent material (a light-transmitting material). If the wind sensor body 2B is made transparent, for example, at least one of the displacement portion 2a and the support portion 2b may be made of a transparent material. This improves the design and allows the wind sensor 2 to blend naturally into the location where it is placed (for example, a vehicle, building, various electronic devices, etc.) without detracting from the aesthetics.

[0040] 1-2-1. Frame section 2A The frame section 2A is the part on which the wind sensor body 2B is mounted, and is used, for example, to fix the wind sensor 2 to a location where it is to be installed. In this case, the frame section 2A will be provided with fixing parts (various engagement mechanisms such as bolts and screws, or adhesives). Note that it is optional for the wind sensor 2 to have a frame section 2A.

[0041] 1-2-2. Wind Sensor Unit 2B The wind sensor body 2B is a sensor for acquiring wind data and comprises a displacement section 2a, a support section 2b, a metal layer 2c, and a gas layer 2d.

[0042] 1-2-2-1. Displacement section 2a The displacement section 2a has a dielectric layer 2a1 (an example of a first dielectric layer), a resistive layer 2a2, and a dielectric layer 2a3 (an example of a second dielectric layer). The displacement section 2a is constructed by stacking the dielectric layer 2a1, the resistive layer 2a2, and the dielectric layer 2a3 in that order in the direction from the displacement section 2a toward the metal layer 2c. The displacement section 2a is constructed in a sheet-like manner, but the dielectric layers ensure appropriate rigidity so that it does not bend due to the effects of wind or gravity.

[0043] The width (cm) of the displacement part 2a when viewed from above is, for example, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4.0, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5.0, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6, 5.8, 6.0, 6.2, 6.4, 6.6, 6.8, 7.0, 7.2, 7.4, 7.6, 7.8, 8.0, 8.2, 8.4, 8.6, 8.8, 9.0, 9.2, 9.4, 9.6, 9.8, 10.0, and may also be within the range between any two of the examples given here. The width mentioned here refers to the largest width of the displacement section 2a. For example, if the displacement section 2a is rectangular, the width corresponds to the length of the longer side.

[0044] The dielectric layers 2a1 and 2a3 sandwich the resistive layer 2a2 so as to protect it. Various dielectric materials can be used for the dielectric layers 2a1 and 2a3. The dielectric layers 2a1 and 2a3 may be composed of polymer materials. These polymer materials may be synthetic resins (including thermoplastic elastomers) such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, acrylic resin, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyurethane, acrylic urethane resin, ionomer, polyolefin, polypropylene, polyethylene, silicone resin, polyester, polystyrene, polyimide, polyamide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and epoxy resin, or synthetic rubbers such as polyisoprene rubber, polystyrene-butadiene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, acrylic rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, and silicone rubber. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more to constitute the polymer material. The dielectric layers may also be composed of materials such as glass, titanium oxide, alumina, and barium titanate. The constituent materials of dielectric layer 2a1 and dielectric layer 2a3 may be the same or different.

[0045] The relative permittivity of dielectric layers 2a1 and 2a3 can be set as appropriate, but specifically, for example, they can be 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, or 10, and may also be within the range of any two of the values ​​exemplified here. The relative permittivity of dielectric layer 2a1 and dielectric layer 2a3 may be the same or different.

[0046] The thickness (μm) of dielectric layers 2a1 and 2a3 can be, for example, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 4500, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, and may be within the range of any two of the values ​​exemplified here. The thicknesses of dielectric layer 2a1 and dielectric layer 2a3 may be the same or different.

[0047] The resistive layer 2a2 is positioned and protected between the dielectric layer 2a1 and the dielectric layer 2a3. The constituent material of the resistive layer 2a2 can be, for example, a conductive organic polymer film, a sputtered film, a vapor-deposited film, etc. Furthermore, the constituent material of the resistive layer 2a2 may include carbon materials such as carbon microcoils, carbon nanotubes, or graphene.

[0048] In one embodiment, the resistive layer 2a2 is a so-called solid layer. In other words, the resistive layer 2a2 is composed of a sheet-like structure in which the entire area inside the outer edge of the resistive layer 2a2 is filled with the constituent material of the resistive layer 2a2. Note that the resistive layer 2a2 does not necessarily have to be formed as a solid layer; it may be in a patterned shape, or in a shape in which a part of the solid surface has been removed.

[0049] The thickness (μm) of the resistive layer 2a2 is specifically, for example, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000, and may also be within the range of any two of the values ​​exemplified here.

[0050] Furthermore, the resistance value (Ω / sq) of the resistive layer 2a2 is specifically, for example, 20, 30, 40, 50, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, and may also be within the range of any two of the values ​​exemplified here.

[0051] In this embodiment, the dielectric layer has two layers and the resistive layer has one layer, but the invention is not limited to this; the dielectric layer may have three or more layers, or the resistive layer may have two or more layers.

[0052] 1-2-2-2. Support part 2b The support portion 2b is connected to the displacement portion 2a. The support portion 2b supports the displacement portion 2a so that the displacement portion 2a rotates due to the wind hitting the surface of the displacement portion 2a. Specifically, the support portion 2b has a shaft portion 2b1 and a shaft holding portion 2b2. The shaft portion 2b1 is rotatably connected to the displacement portion 2a, and the shaft holding portion 2b2 is fixed to the frame portion 2A and holds the shaft portion 2b1. The shaft portion 2b1 is connected to the end of the displacement portion 2a.

[0053] Furthermore, it is preferable to adjust the rotational torque of the shaft portion 2b1 according to the strength of the wind. In other words, when detecting a weak wind, the configuration is such that the shaft portion 2b1 rotates properly when the weak wind hits the displacement portion 2a. In addition, it is preferable that the shaft portion 2b1 has a mechanism that rotates according to the strength of the wind when it is blowing, but returns to its original initial position when there is no wind.

[0054] The connection between the displacement part 2a and the support part 2b may be, for example, a groove-like engagement (for example, forming a groove in the support part 2b and inserting the end of the displacement part 2a), a claw structure, a fixing part such as a bolt or screw, an adhesive, or a combination of these.

[0055] 1-2-2-3. Metal layer 2c The metal layer 2c functions as a reflective layer that reflects radio waves. In other words, the metal layer 2c is configured to reflect radio waves that have passed through the displacement section 2a and the gas layer 2d. The metal layer 2c is directly or indirectly connected to the frame section 2A and is fixed together with the frame section 2A.

[0056] The metal layer 2c preferably has a low resistance value, and for example, a metallic material (such as copper or silver with high conductivity) can be used as the metal layer 2c. The metal layer 2c can have a mesh structure (see Figure 2B), or a structure in which the entire area inside the outer edge of the metal layer 2c is formed of metal (a so-called solid structure). Note that when a mesh structure is adopted, openings are formed, making it easier to ensure a certain degree of transparency, which can be effective depending on the location and application of the wind sensor 2.

[0057] The thickness (μm) of the metal layer 2c can be, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, and may be within the range of any two of the values ​​exemplified here.

[0058] 1-2-2-4. Gas layer 2d A gas layer 2d is positioned between the displacement section 2a and the metal layer 2c. The presence of the gas layer 2d in the wind sensor 2 enables the displacement section 2a to perform displacement (rotation) movements. In this embodiment, the gas layer 2d is composed of air; that is, the gas layer 2d is an air layer, but it may be any other gas. For example, the wind sensor 2 may be positioned in a space within equipment filled with nitrogen gas.

[0059] The thickness (cm) of the gas layer 2d is specifically, for example, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, and may also be within the range of any two of the values ​​exemplified here.

[0060] 2. Operation Description The transmitting unit 120 of the transceiver 1 transmits the first radio wave w1 to the wind sensor 2. The transmitting unit 120 may continuously transmit the first radio wave w1, or it may be configured to transmit the first radio wave w1 at predetermined timings or times in order to reduce power consumption. The first radio wave w1 propagates through space and reaches the wind sensor 2. A portion of the first radio wave w1 as an incident wave is reflected by the resistive layer 2a2, and the remaining portion of the first radio wave w1 as an incident wave (passed wave w3) passes through the dielectric layer 2a1, the resistive layer 2a2, the dielectric layer 2a3, and the gas layer 2d. The passed wave w3 is reflected by the metal layer 2c and becomes the reflected wave w4.

[0061] Here, the phase of the reflected wave w4 changes due to reflection in the metal layer 2c. As a result, the reflected wave w4 interferes with the transmitted wave w3 in the gas layer 2d and is attenuated, and the reflected wave w4 also interferes with the incident wave, the first radio wave w1, and is attenuated. The second radio wave w2, which returns to the transmitting / receiving device 1, is composed of waves reflected by the resistive layer 2a2 and the metal layer 2c. Due to this attenuation, its power is lower than that of the first radio wave w1. In other words, the wind sensor body 2B functions as a radio wave absorber, absorbing some of the power of the first radio wave w1 by causing interference between radio waves.

[0062] The receiving unit 121 of the transmitting / receiving device 1 receives the second radio wave w2 via the antenna unit 1C. The wind data acquisition unit 122 then calculates the reflection loss based on the first power P1 of the first radio wave w1 and the second power P2 of the second radio wave w2, and calculates the distance x based on this reflection loss. In one example of this embodiment, the first power P1 of the first radio wave w1 is a predetermined value, so it is possible to use a value stored in the memory unit 11. The second power P2 can be obtained using a power detection circuit (not shown). The reflection loss is given by -10Log(P2 / P1). The distance x can be obtained using a relationship (either a table or an equation) like the one shown in the graph in Figure 8. In other words, since the frequency of the first radio wave w1, etc., is predetermined and known, the distance x can be obtained by using the acquired reflection loss. By using data that specifies the relationship between distance x and airflow, wind data such as airflow can be obtained. If the wind detection system 100 includes a notification unit 123, the notification unit 123 notifies the user of information regarding the wind data acquired by the wind data acquisition unit 122.

[0063] 3. Description of the operation and effects of the embodiment In the wind detection system 100 equipped with the wind sensor 2 according to this embodiment, the distance x between the displacement part 2a and the metal layer 2c is changed to alter the reflection loss of radio waves, making it possible to detect even weak winds. Furthermore, in the wind detection system 100 equipped with the wind sensor 2 according to this embodiment, it is possible to construct an IoT sensor network by simultaneously realizing wind sensing by the wind sensor 2 using radio waves for communication from the transmitting / receiving device 1, and communication realized by connecting the wind detection system 100 (transmitting / receiving device 1) to various devices via a wired or wireless network. Furthermore, since the wind sensor 2 senses wind using a principle related to the reflection loss of radio waves, it does not require, for example, a wireless circuit board, a power supply circuit and power supply (battery) to drive it, and can be made smaller and thinner.

[0064] One of the advantages of wind sensor 2 is that it can be easily installed even in confined spaces. Therefore, wind sensor 2 can be applied to various devices and equipment, as illustrated below. For example, by applying the wind sensor 2 to a wearable device, it becomes possible to sense slight breezes and air movements around the body and monitor comfort levels and ambient air conditioning conditions. Furthermore, by integrating it into an air conditioning system, it is possible to detect even slight breezes in air conditioners and air purifiers and optimize the airflow and direction in real time. In other words, a wind detection system can be integrated into an air conditioning system.

[0065] Furthermore, the wind sensor 2 may be installed in devices equipped with fans, such as PCs. This makes it possible to determine whether the fan is cooling properly and to proactively identify situations where dust or other debris has entered the device, hindering airflow. In addition, the wind sensor 2 can be used as an environmental monitoring sensor inside the vehicle to optimize the air conditioning control inside the vehicle and improve occupant comfort.

[0066] 4. Variations In the embodiment, the displacement portion 2a is described as having a configuration that is resistant to bending and is rotatably supported on the shaft portion 2b1, but the invention is not limited to this. The displacement portion 2a may be configured in a sheet-like shape, and the displacement portion 2a may be configured such that the distance x changes as the displacement portion 2a bends due to wind hitting the surface of the displacement portion 2a.

[0067] The deflection deformation of the displacement section 2a can be achieved, for example, by adjusting the constituent material, thickness, and shape of the displacement section 2a.

[0068] The dielectric layer and resistance layer of the displacement section 2a are made of a flexible material. For example, the dielectric layer can be made from a mixture of a flexible material such as a rubber-based material or elastomer and a dielectric material to impart dielectric properties. If the flexible material also has suitable dielectric properties, it is not necessary to mix in a separate dielectric material. As flexible materials, for example, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, urethane rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polysulfide rubber, etc. As for dielectric materials, they are as explained in section 1-2-2-1 and will not be explained here. The resistive layer can be constructed from highly flexible materials such as carbon nanotubes or graphene.

[0069] In addition, while the above describes how flexibility can be imparted by modifying the constituent materials, flexibility can also be imparted by forming a lattice structure or pattern structure in the structure of the displacement part 2a, or by foaming the dielectric layer of the displacement part 2a to make it porous.

[0070] In this modified example, the shaft portion 2b1 does not have a rotatable function; it only needs to have the function of connecting with the displacement portion 2a. Furthermore, in this modified example, the displacement section 2a has a free end that can be freely deflected and a fixed end. The fixed end corresponds to the end connected to the shaft section 2b1 in Figure 2A, and the free end is the end to which the shaft section 2b1 is not provided. In other words, since the free end is not supported by the shaft section 2b1 or the like, the displacement section 2a can be deflected by the wind.

[0071] Various embodiments are illustrated below. The embodiments shown below can be combined with each other. [Note 1] It is a wind sensor, It comprises a displacement section, a gas layer, and a metal layer. The gas layer is placed between the displacement portion and the metal layer. The displacement portion comprises a resistive layer and a dielectric layer, and the displacement portion is configured such that the distance between at least a portion of the displacement portion and the metal layer changes due to wind hitting the surface of the displacement portion. The wind sensor is configured to change the reflection loss of radio waves as the distance changes. The wind sensor wherein the reflection loss is based on a first power of a first radio wave incident on the displacement part and a second power of a second radio wave that is reflected by the metal layer after being incident on the displacement part and radiated from the displacement part. [Note 2] The wind sensor described in Appendix 1, With additional support parts, The support portion supports the displacement portion such that the displacement portion rotates due to the wind hitting the surface of the displacement portion, in a wind sensor. [Note 3] The wind sensor described in Appendix 1, A wind sensor wherein the displacement portion is configured in a sheet-like shape, and the distance of the displacement portion changes as the displacement portion flexes due to wind hitting the surface of the displacement portion. [Note 4] The wind sensor described in Appendix 3, With additional support parts, The displacement portion has a free end that can be freely deflected and a fixed end, The support portion is a wind sensor that supports the fixed end. [Note 5] A wind sensor described in any one of the appendices 1 to 4, The dielectric layer of the displacement portion has a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer. The wind sensor is configured such that the displacement portion is stacked in the order of the first dielectric layer, the resistance layer, and the second dielectric layer in the direction from the displacement portion toward the metal layer. [Note 6] A wind sensor described in any one of the appendices 1 to 5, The wind sensor wherein the metal layer has a mesh structure, or a structure in which the entire area inside the outer edge of the metal layer is formed of metal. [Note 7] A wind detection system having a wind sensor described in any one of Appendix 1 to Appendix 6, It comprises a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, and a wind data acquisition unit. The transmitting unit is configured to transmit the first radio wave to the wind sensor, The receiving unit is configured to receive the second radio wave from the wind sensor, The wind data acquisition unit acquires wind data using the reflection loss based on the first power of the first radio wave and the second power of the second radio wave. The wind detection system includes wind data comprising at least one of the following: wind volume, presence or absence of wind, increase or decrease in wind volume, and wind direction. [Note 8] The wind detection system described in Appendix 7, A wind detection system in which the transmitting unit, the receiving unit, and the wind data acquisition unit are housed in a separate enclosure from the wind sensor. [Note 9] The wind detection system described in Appendix 8, A wind detection system in which the first radio wave transmitted by the transmitting unit is 15 GHz or higher. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0072] 1: Transceiver 1A: Enclosure 1B: Information Processing Department 1C: Antenna section 2: Wind sensor 2A: Frame section 2B: Wind sensor unit 2a: Displacement part 2a1: Dielectric layer 2a2 :Resistance layer 2a3: Dielectric layer 2b: Support part 2b1:Shaft part 2b2: Shaft holding part 2c: Metal layer 2d: Gas layer 10: Communications Department 11: Storage section 12: Control Unit 13: Output section 14: Input section 100: Wind detection system 120: Transmitter 121: Receiving unit 122: Wind data acquisition unit 123: Hochi Department P1: First Electric Power P2: 2nd power w1: First radio wave w2: Second radio wave w3: Passing wave w4 :Reflected wave x: distance

Claims

1. It is a wind sensor, It comprises a displacement section, a gas layer, and a metal layer. The gas layer is placed between the displacement portion and the metal layer. The displacement portion comprises a resistive layer and a dielectric layer, and the displacement portion is configured such that the distance between at least a portion of the displacement portion and the metal layer changes due to wind hitting the surface of the displacement portion. The wind sensor is configured to change the reflection loss of radio waves as the distance changes. The wind sensor wherein the reflection loss is based on a first power of a first radio wave incident on the displacement part and a second power of a second radio wave that is reflected by the metal layer after being incident on the displacement part and radiated from the displacement part.

2. A wind sensor according to claim 1, With additional support parts, The support portion supports the displacement portion such that the displacement portion rotates due to the wind hitting the surface of the displacement portion, in a wind sensor.

3. A wind sensor according to claim 1, A wind sensor wherein the displacement portion is configured in a sheet-like shape, and the distance of the displacement portion changes as the displacement portion flexes due to wind hitting the surface of the displacement portion.

4. The wind sensor according to claim 3, With additional support parts, The displacement portion has a free end that can be freely deflected and a fixed end, The support portion is a wind sensor that supports the fixed end.

5. A wind sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The dielectric layer of the displacement portion has a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer. The wind sensor is configured such that the displacement portion is stacked in the order of the first dielectric layer, the resistance layer, and the second dielectric layer in the direction from the displacement portion toward the metal layer.

6. A wind sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The wind sensor wherein the metal layer has a mesh structure, or a structure in which the entire area inside the outer edge of the metal layer is formed of metal.

7. A wind detection system having a wind sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, It comprises a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, and a wind data acquisition unit. The transmitting unit is configured to transmit the first radio wave to the wind sensor, The receiving unit is configured to receive the second radio wave from the wind sensor, The wind data acquisition unit acquires wind data using the reflection loss based on the first power of the first radio wave and the second power of the second radio wave. The wind detection system includes wind data comprising at least one of the following: wind volume, presence or absence of wind, increase or decrease in wind volume, and wind direction.

8. A wind detection system according to claim 7, A wind detection system in which the transmitting unit, the receiving unit, and the wind data acquisition unit are housed in a separate enclosure from the wind sensor.

9. A wind detection system according to claim 8, A wind detection system in which the first radio wave transmitted by the transmitting unit is 15 GHz or higher.

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