Sand casting mold and method for manufacturing castings using the same

Abstract

The present invention provides a sand casting mold that can be manufactured easily and inexpensively, and a casting manufacturing method using the same. [Solution] The mold for sand casting comprises a first solidified mold section that forms a first casting space into which molten metal can be filled, a frame surrounding the first solidified mold section, and unsolidified dry sand arranged inside the frame so as to cover the first solidified mold section.

Description

Technical Field

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[0001] The present invention relates to a mold for sand casting and a casting manufacturing method using the same. The present invention relates to a mold for sand casting composed of a mold, a frame larger than the mold surrounding the mold, and unfixed dry sand filled in the space inside the frame. Further, after molten metal is cast and solidified in a space portion using a mold having a space portion along the shape of a casting product, the unfixed dry sand is discharged, the frame is removed, the sand mold is broken, and the solidified casting is taken out, and a high-quality casting is manufactured by casting as it is or by heat treatment as required.

Background Art

[0002] With the development and popularization of electric vehicles, the manufacture of large-sized thin-wall die-cast products is required. As prototypes in the early development stage of such products, sand castings are used, but many of them exceed 1 m in size, and large-sized sand molds weighing on the order of tons are required.

[0003] To prepare a large-sized mold for sand casting, for example, a plurality of molds manufactured by various construction methods are combined and manufactured. In some cases, it is manufactured using a 3D sand mold (a sand mold manufactured using a layered manufacturing method) from the perspective of the product shape, or a 3D sand mold may be used partially.

[0004] When mainly using a 3D sand mold, even if a large-sized layered manufacturing apparatus is utilized, it is difficult to manufacture the entire mold composed of a main mold, a core, etc. at once. In such a case, in order to form the entire 3D sand mold, there are cases where a plurality of molds to be combined are manufactured by a layered manufacturing method.

[0005] Thus, when manufacturing large sand casting molds using only solidified sand, there are challenges, such as those listed below, even when combining multiple molds. First, when casting using a solidified, hard mold, removing the casting from the mold requires considerable effort to break the mold and extract the casting. Second, the solidified sand that makes up the mold is not recyclable and is discarded, resulting in significant costs.

[0006] To address the challenges described above, one casting method that uses non-solidifying sand molds and has been put into practical use is the V-process (Vacuum Sealed Molding process) casting method (Non-Patent Literature 1). The V-process casting method allows for sand recycling, but it has several drawbacks. The characteristics of the V-process casting method are briefly described below.

[0007] The V-process casting method is a casting method in which sand is solidified under vacuum and used as a mold. Castings produced by the V-process casting method have a good surface finish and are mainly used for manufacturing thin-walled castings. The V-process casting method involves first mounting a mold model with many fine holes for suction onto a base plate (which has a hollow space for suction), then placing a thermoplastic film over the model and using a vacuum pump to suck the film onto the mold. After that, a frame with a suction function is placed on top of the mold, then sand is filled in, followed by attaching a film to the top surface, and after suction solidification, the mold is removed. The mating mold is prepared in the same way, and casting is performed by fitting the molds together. After solidification, the vacuum is released and the product and dry sand are recovered. In this way, the V-process casting method allows for sand recovery, and the film on the surface of the sand mold improves the flow of the molten metal.

[0008] However, the V-process casting method is difficult to apply to complex products that utilize many cores. Furthermore, variations in mechanical properties caused by defects resulting from the entrapment of combustion gases in the film used cannot be completely avoided.

[0009] Another method using dry sand is the freeze-casting method. In freeze-casting, the mold is solidified using only sand and water. For example, sand mixed with about 5% water is filled into the mold, and then the water is frozen in a freezer. After fitting the mold, it is frozen, then cast, the ice is thawed, and the product is removed. While this method offers a good working environment, its biggest drawback is that it requires large-scale equipment, including freezing facilities. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0010] [Non-Patent Document 1] Japan Materials Processing Center, Editorial Committee for the New Edition of the Cast Iron Production Technology Textbook, Casting Technology Series 3, New Edition of Cast Iron Production Technology, (2012), pp. 430-437. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0011] (1) When casting using a solidified, hard mold, removing the casting from the mold by dismantling the mold requires considerable effort to break the mold and remove the casting. (2) The solidified sand that makes up the mold cannot be recycled and is discarded, resulting in high costs. (3) Even when the entire mold is manufactured by combining various sand molds such as 3D sand molds and self-hardening molds, the manufacturing cost of the mold is high due to the manufacturing time and the amount of sand used. (4) If the thickness of the mold is reduced to shorten the additive manufacturing time, the degree to which heat is absorbed from the molten metal decreases, resulting in a slower solidification rate and a decrease in mechanical properties. Also, there is a possibility that the mold will open when the molten metal is poured into it. If the mold opens slightly, molten metal may get stuck inside. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] To solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a mold for sand casting, comprising: a first solidified mold section that forms a first casting space into which molten metal can be filled; a frame surrounding the first solidified mold section; and unsolidified dry sand arranged inside the frame so as to cover the first solidified mold section.

[0013] A second aspect of the present invention provides a mold for sand casting, further comprising a second solidification mold section arranged inside a frame, which forms a second casting space into which molten metal can be filled, wherein the first casting space and the second casting space are in communication, and inside the frame, dry sand is arranged to cover the first solidification mold section and the second solidification mold section, and the first solidification mold section and the second solidification mold section are manufactured by the same or different methods.

[0014] Alternatively, in the first and second embodiments of the present invention, the first solidified mold section and the second solidified mold section are, respectively, molds manufactured by any of the following methods: sand layering, self-hardening, thermosetting, gas hardening, and other sand mold manufacturing methods, or molds manufactured by any of the following methods: sand layering, self-hardening, thermosetting, gas hardening, and other sand mold manufacturing methods, and which include a mold in part.

[0015] Alternatively, in the first and second embodiments of the present invention, the first solidification mold portion is further comprising a sprue portion, a riser portion, and a lifting portion connected to the first solidification mold portion, and heat insulating space members arranged above the sprue portion, riser portion, and lifting portion, respectively, wherein the upper end of the heat insulating space member is provided above the upper surface of the dry sand.

[0016] Alternatively, in the first and second embodiments of the present invention, a first solidification mold section, dry sand, and a flow path that penetrates the frame are provided.

[0017] Alternatively, in the first and second embodiments of the present invention, the flow path may be connected to at least one of the first casting space and the second casting space, or it may not be connected to the first casting space and the second casting space but may be contained within at least one of the first solidification mold section and the second solidification mold section.

[0018] A third aspect of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a casting using a sand mold according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, comprising the steps of: filling a sand mold with molten metal and casting; discharging dry sand; removing the frame; breaking the first solidified mold section; and removing the cast product.

[0019] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a casting using a sand mold according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, comprising the steps of filling a sand mold with molten metal and casting, discharging dry sand, removing the frame, breaking the first solidified mold section, and removing the cast product, wherein one or more of a cooling gas, a heating gas, and an inert gas are flowed through a flow path during the step of casting the molten metal and in one or more of the steps before or after the step of casting the molten metal. [Effects of the Invention]

[0020] The sand mold and casting manufacturing method using the present invention make it possible to (1) facilitate the dismantling of large sand molds, (2) recycle the dry sand which is one of the components of the mold, (3) appropriately combine various molds by manufacturing the solidified mold part using a method suitable for the shape of each part of the casting, and (4) achieve the desired mechanical properties by solidifying the casting at an appropriate solidification rate. As a result, it is possible to provide a low-cost, high-quality large sand mold and casting manufacturing method using the same. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0021] [Figure 1] This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the mold according to the first embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view of the mold before pouring. [Figure 2] This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a casting manufacturing method using the same mold, and shows the mold after molten metal has been poured. [Figure 3]It is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a casting manufacturing method using the same mold, and is a cross-sectional view showing the same mold after removing the dry sand. [Figure 4] It is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a casting manufacturing method using the same mold, and is a cross-sectional view showing the same mold after removing the frame. [Figure 5] It is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a casting manufacturing method using the same mold, and is a cross-sectional view showing the state after removing the same mold part. [Figure 6] It is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a mold composed of two types of solidified mold parts according to the second embodiment. [Figure 7] It is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a mold having a flow path according to the third embodiment. [Figure 8] It is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a mold having a flow path according to a modification of the third embodiment. [Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention]

[0022] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] [First Embodiment] [Configuration] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a mold according to the first embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view showing the mold before pouring. As shown in FIG. 1, the mold 1a according to the present embodiment includes a frame 12 disposed on a horizontal table 11, a solidified mold part S1 disposed inside the frame 12 on the horizontal table 11 and having a space part 15 inside which can be filled with molten metal, a sprue part 16, a pouring part 17, and a riser part 18 connected to the solidified mold part S1, heat insulating space members 19 respectively disposed above the sprue part 16, the pouring part 17, and the riser part 18, and dry sand 20 filled inside the frame 12 and disposed so as to cover the solidified mold part S1. Note that the horizontal table 11 may be a part of the mold 1a.

[0024] The frame 12 has, for example, a rectangular shape and is made of, for example, metal. The width, depth, and height of the frame 12 are greater than the width, depth, and height of the solidification mold section S1 and surround the solidification mold section S1 on the horizontal base 11.

[0025] The solidified mold section S1 includes, for example, a lower mold 13 and an upper mold 14 as shown in Figure 1. For example, a space 15 is formed between the lower mold 13 and the upper mold 14. The solidified mold section S1 is a mold section composed of solidified, non-plastic material. The solidified mold section S1 is a part that is destroyed during mold dismantling to remove the casting after casting by the casting manufacturing method described later, and is difficult to recycle. Details of the manufacturing method of the lower mold 13 and upper mold 14 included in the solidified mold section S1 will be described later.

[0026] The space 15 is the part that forms the shape of the cast product. During casting, molten metal is filled into the space 15 through the sprue 16.

[0027] The sprue portion 16 is, for example, cylindrical in shape and is connected to the space portion 15. The sprue portion 16 is provided for pouring molten metal into the space portion 15.

[0028] The riser section 17 is, for example, cylindrical in shape and connected to the space section 15. The riser section 17 holds excess molten metal injected into the space section 15 when making a casting, and prevents shrinkage and the formation of gaps inside the casting as it cools and solidifies.

[0029] The lifting section 18 is, for example, cylindrical in shape and connected to the space section 15. The lifting section 18 is provided to discharge gas, slag, etc., generated from the molten metal, solidified mold section S1, etc., within the space section 15.

[0030] The heat-insulating space member 19 is, for example, cylindrical in shape, has a heat-insulating space inside, and is connected to the sprue portion 16, the riser portion 17, and the lifting portion 18, respectively. The upper end of the heat-insulating space member 19 is positioned even higher than the upper surface of the dry sand 20 that covers the upper part of the solidified mold portion S1.

[0031] Furthermore, the spout section 16, the riser section 17, the lifting section 18, and the heat-insulating space member 19 may each be arranged in multiple quantities depending on the shape and size of the space section 15.

[0032] The dry sand 20 is an unsolidified, plastic portion. The dry sand 20 is filled into the inside of the frame 12 before casting, for example, after the solidified mold section S1 has been placed. The dry sand 20 is removed after casting, before the solidified mold section S1 is opened. The removed dry sand 20 can be reused, for example, in other similar molds 1a, and is recyclable.

[0033] [Construction method for solidified mold section S1] The lower mold 13 and upper mold 14 included in the solidification mold section S1 may be, for example, 3D sand molds fabricated by a sand layering method (3D printer). The sand layering method is a method of fabricating a sand mold by stacking sand in layers using three-dimensional shape data such as CAD or STL (slice data). The solidification mold section S1 may be manufactured by the sand layering method in particular when the space 15 formed by the solidification mold section S1 has a complex shape, such as a honeycomb shape.

[0034] For example, in a laser-type sand layering method, shell sand coated with a thermosetting resin or the like is used as the sand to be processed. A laser beam is irradiated from a laser head onto the sand to be processed, which has been formed as a thin layer, to sinter and solidify the desired parts based on the shape data. This is repeated over multiple layers, and the parts that do not solidify (unsolidified sand) are removed to create the lower mold 13 and the upper mold 14.

[0035] For example, in an inkjet-type sand layering method, an inkjet head is used that ejects binder components in the micron range in a mist-like manner. The sand to be treated is, for example, sand containing a furan-based resin mixed with an activator. Binder components are ejected from the inkjet head onto the sand to be treated, which has been formed as a thin layer, and the desired parts based on the shape data are solidified by a chemical reaction. This is repeated over multiple layers, and the parts that do not solidify (unsolidified sand) are removed to form the lower mold 13 and the upper mold 14.

[0036] Furthermore, the lower mold 13 and upper mold 14 included in the solidification mold section S1 may be self-hardening molds manufactured by, for example, a self-hardening method. The self-hardening mold may be, for example, an organic self-hardening mold or an inorganic self-hardening mold.

[0037] Furthermore, the lower mold 13 and upper mold 14 included in the solidification mold section S1 may be thermosetting molds manufactured by, for example, a thermosetting method. The thermosetting mold may be, for example, a shell mold, a hot box mold, a worm box mold, etc.

[0038] Furthermore, the lower mold 13 and upper mold 14 included in the solidified mold section S1 may be gas-hardened molds manufactured by, for example, a gas hardening method. The gas-hardened mold may be, for example, a CO2 mold, an amine cold box mold, an ester cold box mold, etc.

[0039] Furthermore, the lower mold 13 and upper mold 14 included in the solidified mold section S1 are not limited to molds manufactured by the above method, but may also be molds that include a metal part, or that include a core inside.

[0040] [Casting Manufacturing Methods] Next, a method for manufacturing castings using mold 1a will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 6. Figures 2 to 5 are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating the method for manufacturing castings using the mold according to the first embodiment.

[0041] First, the mold 1a is installed as shown in Figure 1. The mold 1a is installed, for example, by placing a frame 12 on a horizontal base 11, placing a lower mold 13 and an upper mold 14 inside the frame 12 on the horizontal base 11, placing a sprue 16, a riser 17, and a lift 18 that connect to the space 15 on the upper mold 14, placing an insulating space member 19 above the sprue 16, the riser 17, and the lift 18, and then filling the space inside the frame 12 on the horizontal base 11 with dry sand 20 so as to cover the solidified mold part S1 and to a height that does not exceed the upper end of the insulating space member 19. Note that multiple sprues 16, risers 17, lift 18, and insulating space members 19 may be placed depending on the shape and size of the space 15.

[0042] Next, as shown in Figure 2, a predetermined amount of molten metal is poured into the space 15 of the mold 1a to cast the casting C1. The molten metal is poured through the sprue 16.

[0043] Next, as shown in Figure 3, the process of discharging the dry sand 20 from inside the frame 12 is performed.

[0044] Next, as shown in Figure 4, the frame 12 is removed from the horizontal base 11.

[0045] Next, as shown in Figure 5, the upper mold 14 and lower mold 13 are dismantled and removed to extract the casting C1. The extracted casting C1 may be subjected to various heat treatments as needed.

[0046] [effect] In the mold 1a, the dry sand 20 can be reused. Furthermore, compared to a mold composed solely of conventional solidified sand molds, the solidified mold section S1 (lower mold 13 and upper mold 14) of the mold 1a can be made thinner. As a result, it is possible to provide a sand mold that can be manufactured easily and inexpensively, especially for large-scale castings. Moreover, such a mold can be used to produce castings of good quality with desired mechanical properties, microstructure, etc., and without shrinkage cavities.

[0047] [Second Embodiment] [composition] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a part of the mold configuration according to the second embodiment. In the following description, components similar to those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted.

[0048] The mold 1b according to this embodiment is basically configured the same as the mold 1a according to the first embodiment. However, the mold 1b according to this embodiment (Figure 6) includes solidification mold sections S2a and S2b instead of solidification mold section S1.

[0049] The solidified mold section S2a includes, for example, a lower mold 13a and an upper mold 14a as shown in Figure 6. For example, a space 15a is formed between the lower mold 13a and the upper mold 14a. The solidified mold section S2b includes, for example, a lower mold 13b and an upper mold 14b as shown in Figure 6. For example, a space 15b is formed between the lower mold 13b and the upper mold 14b. The solidified mold sections S2a and S2b are mold sections composed of solidified, non-plastic material. Similar to the solidified mold section S1 (Figure 1), the solidified mold sections S2a and S2b are parts that are destroyed during mold dismantling to remove the casting after casting by the casting manufacturing method described above, and are difficult to recycle.

[0050] Spaces 15a and 15b are parts that form the shape of the cast product. Spaces 15a and 15b are in communication with each other, and during casting, molten metal is filled into spaces 15a and 15b through the sprue 16.

[0051] In mold 1b (Figure 6), the dry sand 20 is filled inside the frame 12 and positioned to cover the solidified mold sections S2a and S2b. The dry sand 20 is filled inside the frame 12 after the solidified mold sections S2a and S2b have been positioned. The dry sand 20 is removed after casting and before the solidified mold sections S2a and S2b are opened. The removed dry sand 20 can be reused, for example, in other similar molds 1b, and is recyclable.

[0052] [Construction method for solidified mold sections S2a and S2b] The solidified mold sections S2a and S2b are basically manufactured in the same manner as the solidified mold section S1. However, the solidified mold section S2a and the solidified mold section S2b may be manufactured using different methods. The solidified mold sections S2a and S2b are molds manufactured using one of the following methods: sand layering method, self-hardening method, thermosetting method, gas hardening method, and other sand mold manufacturing methods, or molds manufactured using one of the following methods: sand layering method, self-hardening method, thermosetting method, gas hardening method, and other sand mold manufacturing methods, and which include a metal part. For example, if the solidified mold section S2b is manufactured using the sand layering method, the solidified mold section S2a may be a mold manufactured using a method other than the sand layering method, such as the self-hardening method, thermosetting method, and gas hardening method. Furthermore, the solidification mold sections S2a and S2b may include a mold in part, for example, as a chill to increase the solidification rate.

[0053] Furthermore, the solidified mold section S2a and the solidified mold section S2b may be joined together in a way that allows for alignment, for example, by an alignment member.

[0054] In the example shown in Figure 6, the sprue section 16, riser section 17, and lift section 18 are connected to both solidification mold sections S2a and S2b, respectively. However, the sprue section 16, riser section 17, and lift section 18 may be located in only one of the solidification mold sections S2a or S2b.

[0055] In addition, Figure 6 illustrates a configuration in which the mold 1b has two solidification mold sections S2a and S2b, but the mold 1b may have three or more solidification mold sections. In such cases, the multiple solidification mold sections may not all be molds manufactured by the same method, but may be two or more types of molds, for example, molds manufactured by one of the following methods: sand layering method, self-hardening method, thermosetting method, gas hardening method, and other sand mold manufacturing methods, or molds manufactured by one of the following methods: sand layering method, self-hardening method, thermosetting method, gas hardening method, and other sand mold manufacturing methods, and which include a mold in part.

[0056] [effect] In mold 1b, the dry sand 20 can be reused repeatedly. Furthermore, by combining solidified mold sections S2a and S2b manufactured using different methods, molds with more complex shapes can be manufactured at a low cost. Moreover, such molds can be used to produce high-quality castings with desired mechanical properties, microstructure, etc., and free from shrinkage cavities.

[0057] [Third Embodiment] [composition] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a part of the configuration of the mold 1c according to the third embodiment. In the following description, components similar to those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted.

[0058] The mold 1c according to this embodiment is basically configured the same as the mold 1a according to the first embodiment. However, the mold 1c according to this embodiment (Figure 7) further includes a gas flow path 30.

[0059] The gas passage 30 is provided to penetrate the solidified mold section S1, the dry sand 20, and the frame 12, as shown in Figure 7, for example. The gas passage 30 is provided to pass a heat-insulating medium such as heating gas and a cooling medium such as cooling water for heating and cooling the casting.

[0060] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a part of the configuration of mold 1c_A, which is a modified example of mold 1c according to the third embodiment. Mold 1c_A is basically configured the same as mold 1c. However, in mold 1c_A, the gas passage 30 penetrates the solidified mold section S1, the dry sand 20, and the frame 12, and is further connected to the space section 15. The gas passage 30 connected to the space section 15 has a small opening that prevents molten metal from flowing in during casting.

[0061] The casting manufacturing method using molds 1c and 1c_A is basically the same as the casting manufacturing method using mold 1a described in the first embodiment. However, in the casting manufacturing method using molds 1c and 1c_A, one or more of the cooling gas, heating gas, and inert gas are introduced into the gas flow path 30 in one or more of the pre-casting, during casting, or post-casting steps to cool the casting and adjust the rate of cooling.

[0062] [Other embodiments] The mold 1b (Figure 6) of the second embodiment may further include the gas flow path 30 (Figures 7 and 8) described in the third embodiment.

[0063] [others] While several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be carried out in a variety of other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their variations are included in the scope and spirit of the invention, as well as in the claims of the invention and its equivalents. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0064] 1a...Mold, 1b...Mold, 1c...Mold, 1c_A...Mold, 11...Horizontal base, 12...Frame, 13...Lower mold, 14...Upper mold, 15...Space, 16...Spring section, 17...Rising section, 18...Lifting section, 19...Insulating space member, 20...Dry sand, 30...Gas flow path, S1...Solidified mold section, S2a...Solidified mold section, S2b...Solidified mold section.

Claims

1. A first solidified mold section that forms a first casting space into which molten metal can be filled, The frame surrounding the first solidification mold section, Inside the frame, unsolidified dry sand is arranged so as to cover the first solidified mold section. Equipped with Mold for sand casting.

2. The frame further comprises a second solidification mold section that forms a second casting space into which molten metal can be filled, located inside the aforementioned frame. The first casting space and the second casting space are in communication with each other. Within the frame, the dry sand is arranged to cover the first solidification mold section and the second solidification mold section. The first solidification mold section and the second solidification mold section are manufactured by the same or different manufacturing methods. A mold for sand casting according to claim 1.

3. The first solidification mold section and the second solidification mold section are, respectively, A mold manufactured by one of the following methods: sand layering method, self-hardening method, thermosetting method, or gas hardening method, It is manufactured using one of the following methods: sand layering, self-hardening, thermosetting, or gas hardening, and is a mold that includes a part of the metal. The mold for sand casting according to claim 2.

4. The sprue section, riser section, and lifting section connected to the first solidification mold section, Insulating space members are arranged above the spout section, the riser section, and the lifting section, respectively. Furthermore, The upper end of the thermal insulation space member is positioned above the upper surface of the dry sand. A mold for sand casting according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The first solidification mold section, the dry sand, and the frame are provided with a flow path that penetrates them. A mold for sand casting according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. The aforementioned flow path is connected to the first casting space. The mold for sand casting according to claim 5.

7. A method for manufacturing a casting using a sand mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3, A process of filling a sand mold with molten metal and casting, The process of discharging the dry sand, The process of removing the aforementioned frame, The process of breaking the first solidified mold part, The process of removing the cast object A method for manufacturing castings, including the following:

8. A method for manufacturing castings using a sand mold according to claim 5, A process of filling a sand mold with molten metal and casting, The process of discharging the dry sand, The process of removing the aforementioned frame, The process of breaking the first solidified mold part, The process of removing the cast object Includes, During the process of casting the molten metal, and in one or more of the processes before and after the process of casting the molten metal, one or more of the cooling gas, heating gas, and inert gas are flowed through the flow path. A method for manufacturing castings.

9. The aforementioned flow path is connected to the first casting space. The method for manufacturing castings according to claim 8.

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