container

Abstract

To provide a container with excellent infrared transparency and acid resistance. [Solution] A container according to one embodiment of the present invention is configured to define a closed space capable of containing a liquid. The container comprises a calcium fluoride substrate and a surface layer. The surface layer comprises diamond-like carbon. At least a portion of the surface layer is located on the closed space side relative to the calcium fluoride substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0005]

[0001] The present invention relates to a container.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, an infrared radiation device having a metamaterial structure capable of emitting infrared rays has been known. For example, an infrared radiation device including a radiation unit having a heat generating unit and a metamaterial structure, and a condensing unit that condenses the infrared rays radiated from the radiation unit and transmits them outward has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In recent years, the development of applications of infrared radiation devices as described in Patent Document 1 has been underway. For example, it has been studied to contain a liquid containing a reactant in a container and irradiate the liquid with infrared rays from an infrared radiation device to promote the chemical reaction of the reactant. In such applications, in order to suppress the volatilization of the liquid and / or the contamination of the liquid with foreign substances, it is desirable to seal the container. However, when the container is sealed, it is necessary to irradiate infrared rays from the outside of the container to the liquid contained in the container. Therefore, the container is required to have excellent infrared transmittance. In addition, since the liquid contained in the container may be acidic, the container is required to have a certain level of acid resistance. The main object of the present invention is to provide a container having excellent infrared transmittance and acid resistance.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] [1] A container according to one embodiment of the present invention is configured to define a closed space in which a liquid can be contained. The container comprises a calcium fluoride substrate and a surface layer. The surface layer comprises diamond-like carbon. At least a portion of the surface layer is located on the closed space side relative to the calcium fluoride substrate. [2] The container described in [1] above may include a container body and a lid. The container body has an opening. The lid can close the opening. The lid contains the calcium fluoride substrate and the surface layer. [3] The container described in [1] or [2] above may further include an intermediate layer, which is located between the calcium fluoride substrate and the surface layer. [4] In the container described in [3] above, the intermediate layer may contain silicone. [5] In the container described in any of [1] to [4] above, the thickness of the surface layer may be 300 nm to 2000 nm. [Effects of the Invention]

[0006] According to embodiments of the present invention, a container with excellent infrared transparency and acid resistance can be realized. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0007] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a container according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2A] Figure 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lid portion of the container shown in Figure 1. [Figure 2B] Figure 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a modified example of the lid portion of the container shown in Figure 1. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of the container shown in Figure 1. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the reaction apparatus equipped with the container shown in Figure 1. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0008] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. In addition, the drawings may be schematic in terms of the width, thickness, shape, etc. of each part compared to the embodiments in order to make the explanation clearer, but these are merely examples and do not limit the interpretation of the present invention.

[0009] A. Overview of the container Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a container according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lid portion of the container in Figure 1. As shown in Figures 1 and 2A, the container 1 is configured to define a closed space S capable of containing liquid L. The container 1 comprises a calcium fluoride substrate 121 and a surface layer 122. The surface layer 122 contains diamond-like carbon (hereinafter referred to as DLC). At least a portion of the surface layer 122 is located on the closed space S side relative to the calcium fluoride substrate 121. The inventors have discovered that by using calcium fluoride (CaF2) in at least a portion of a container capable of defining a closed space, sufficient infrared transparency can be imparted to the container. On the other hand, since calcium fluoride is decomposed by acid, there is a risk that the container may dissolve if an acidic liquid is placed inside it. Therefore, the present inventors diligently studied how to improve acid resistance and found that by appropriately providing a surface layer containing DLC, it is possible to achieve both infrared transparency and acid resistance in the container. Specifically, since at least a portion of the surface layer containing DLC ​​is located on the closed space side relative to the calcium fluoride substrate, even if an acidic liquid is contained in the closed space of the container, the surface layer can suppress the acid components from reaching the calcium fluoride substrate, and as a result, the erosion of the calcium fluoride substrate can be suppressed. Therefore, excellent infrared transmittance can be imparted to at least a portion of the container, and sufficient acid resistance can be ensured. As a result, acidic liquids can be contained within the enclosed space of the container, and infrared radiation can be stably irradiated onto the liquid from the outside of the container through the calcium fluoride substrate and surface layer. Consequently, the container can be suitably used in applications requiring infrared transmittance and acid resistance. The applications of the container will be described in more detail later. Furthermore, since the container has a surface layer containing DLC, its strength can be improved compared to a case where only a calcium fluoride base material is used.

[0010] As shown in Figure 2A, the surface layer 122 may be directly laminated onto the surface of the calcium fluoride substrate 121, or it may be laminated onto the calcium fluoride substrate 121 via the intermediate layer 123. In one embodiment, the surface layer 122 is laminated to the calcium fluoride substrate 121 via an intermediate layer 123. In other words, the container 1 further comprises an intermediate layer 123 located between the calcium fluoride substrate 121 and the surface layer 122. In the illustrated example, the intermediate layer 123 is in contact with both the calcium fluoride substrate 121 and the surface layer 122. This configuration can improve the adhesion of the surface layer to the calcium fluoride substrate.

[0011] The surface layer 122 may be laminated only on the surface of the calcium fluoride substrate 121 on the side of the closed space S, or it may be laminated on both sides of the calcium fluoride substrate 121. In one embodiment, the surface layer 122 is laminated only on the surface of the calcium fluoride substrate 121 on the side of the closed space S, either directly or via an intermediate layer 123. If the surface layer is laminated at least on the surface of the calcium fluoride substrate on the side of the closed space, the erosion of the calcium fluoride substrate can be sufficiently suppressed, and the acid resistance of the container can be sufficiently improved. In the illustrated example, the surface layer 122 is laminated either directly or via the intermediate layer 123 over the entire surface of the closed space S side of the calcium fluoride substrate 121. Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the surface layer 122 may be laminated on both surfaces of the calcium fluoride substrate 121, either directly or via an intermediate layer 123. Even with such a configuration, excellent infrared transmissivity can be sufficiently ensured.

[0012] B. Details of the Container Hereinafter, the details of each member of the container will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the container 1 has any suitable configuration capable of defining a closed space S. In one embodiment, the container 1 includes a container body 11 and a lid portion 12. The container body 11 has an opening 11a. The lid portion 12 can close the opening 11a. When the lid portion 12 closes the opening 11a, the container body 11 and the lid portion 12 define a closed space S.

[0013] B-1. Container Body The container body 11 has any suitable configuration. Typically, the container body 11 includes a storage portion 111 having an opening 11a. The storage portion 111 can store the liquid L. The shape and size of the storage portion 111 are not particularly limited.

[0014] The container body 11 may be composed only of the storage portion 111, or may include a mouth portion in addition to the storage portion 111. As shown in FIG. 3, in one embodiment, the container body 11 includes a mouth portion 112. Typically, the mouth portion 112 is connected to the storage portion 111. In the illustrated example, the mouth portion 112 has a cylindrical shape. The internal space of the mouth portion 112 communicates with the internal space of the storage portion 111. The number of the mouth portions 112 is not particularly limited. One mouth portion 112 may be provided in the storage portion 111, or a plurality of mouth portions 112 may be provided in the storage portion 111. In the illustrated example, two mouth portions 112 are provided in the storage portion 111.

[0015] Such a container body 11 is made of any suitable material. Examples of materials for the container body 11 include glass, sapphire, ceramics, fluororesin, and stainless steel (SUS). Among the materials for the container body 11, glass is preferred. Specific examples of glass include quartz glass and borosilicate glass.

[0016] B-2. Lid As shown in Figure 1, the lid 12 has any suitable configuration that can close the opening 11a. The lid 12 is transparent to infrared rays. The transmittance of infrared rays with wavelengths of 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm in the lid portion 12 is, for example, 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 75% or more, even more preferably 80% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the infrared transmittance in the lid portion 12 is typically 100%. The infrared transmittance is measured, for example, by the transmission method of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).

[0017] As shown in Figures 2A and 2B, in one embodiment, the lid portion 12 comprises the calcium fluoride substrate 121 described above, the intermediate layer 123 described above, and the surface layer 122 described above.

[0018] B-2-1. Calcium Fluoride Substrate The calcium fluoride substrate 121 is composed of calcium fluoride (CaF2). Typically, the calcium fluoride substrate 121 can transmit infrared rays with wavelengths of 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm. The transmittance of infrared rays with wavelengths of 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm in the calcium fluoride substrate 121 is, for example, 93% or less, and also, for example, 90% to 93%.

[0019] The calcium fluoride substrate 121 has any suitable shape and size. In one embodiment, the calcium fluoride substrate 121 has a flat plate shape. The thickness of the calcium fluoride substrate 121 is, for example, 0.2 mm or more. Having such a thickness in the calcium fluoride substrate can improve the strength of the lid. On the other hand, the thickness of the calcium fluoride substrate 121 is, for example, 5.0 mm or less, preferably 2.0 mm or less.

[0020] B-2-2.Middle layer In one embodiment, at least a portion of the intermediate layer 123 is located on the closed space S side surface of the calcium fluoride substrate 121 when the lid 12 closes the opening 11a. The intermediate layer 123 may be provided only on the closed space S side surface of the calcium fluoride substrate 121, as shown in Figure 2A, or it may be provided over the entire surface of the calcium fluoride substrate 121, as shown in Figure 2B.

[0021] Examples of materials for the intermediate layer 123 include silicon, germanium, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, glass, and alumina. The materials for the intermediate layer 123 can be used individually or in combination. Among the materials for the intermediate layer 123, silicon is preferred. When the intermediate layer contains silicon, the adhesion of the surface layer to the calcium fluoride substrate can be stably improved.

[0022] The intermediate layer 123 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure. The thickness of the intermediate layer 123 is, for example, 5 nm or more, preferably 50 nm or more. Having such a thickness in the intermediate layer can more stably improve the adhesion of the surface layer to the calcium fluoride substrate. On the other hand, the thickness of the intermediate layer 123 is, for example, 200 μm or less, preferably 5 μm or less. Having such a thickness in the intermediate layer can improve the infrared transmittance in the lid portion.

[0023] Such an intermediate layer 123 is formed on the surface of the calcium fluoride substrate 121 by any suitable film deposition method. Examples of film deposition methods for the intermediate layer 123 include sputtering, vacuum deposition, ion plating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and plasma CVD.

[0024] B-2-3.Surface layer In one embodiment, at least a portion of the surface layer 122 faces the closed space S when the lid portion 12 closes the opening 11a. The surface layer 122 is located on the opposite side of the calcium fluoride substrate 121 from the intermediate layer 123. In the illustrated example, the surface layer 122 is provided on the surface of the intermediate layer 123. The surface layer 122 may be provided only on the closed space S side of the calcium fluoride substrate 121, as shown in Figure 2A, or it may cover the entire calcium fluoride substrate 121, as shown in Figure 2B.

[0025] The surface layer 122 is typically composed of DLC. DLC has an amorphous structure containing hydrocarbons and / or carbon allotropes. DLC contains sp3 bonds, which are the structure of diamond, and sp2 bonds, which are the structure of graphite.

[0026] The ratio of sp3 and sp2 bonds in DLC is arbitrarily and appropriately adjusted according to the intended use of container 1. The proportion of sp2 bonds in DLC is, for example, 50% to 80% when the sum of sp3 and sp2 bonds is considered to be 100%. The proportion of sp3 bonds in DLC is, for example, 20% to 50% when the sum of sp3 and sp2 bonds is considered to be 100%.

[0027] The hydrogen content in DLC is arbitrarily and appropriately adjusted according to the intended use of container 1. For example, the hydrogen content in DLC is 5 at% to 50 at%.

[0028] The surface layer 122 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure. The thickness of the surface layer 122 is arbitrarily and appropriately adjusted according to the wavelength of infrared light irradiated onto the liquid L. When the surface layer 122 of the lid 12 is thicker, it is easier for relatively long-wavelength infrared light (specifically, infrared light with a wavelength of 4 μm to 8 μm) to pass through, and when the surface layer 122 is thinner, it is easier for relatively short-wavelength infrared light (specifically, infrared light with a wavelength of 2 μm to less than 4 μm) to pass through. The thickness of the surface layer 122 is, for example, 200 nm to 3000 nm, preferably 300 nm to 2000 nm. When the wavelength of infrared light irradiated onto the liquid L is 4 μm or more and 8 μm or less, the thickness of the surface layer 122 is preferably 400 nm or more, more preferably 500 nm or more, and even more preferably 800 nm or more. On the other hand, when the wavelength of infrared light irradiated onto the liquid L is 4 μm or more and 8 μm or less, the thickness of the surface layer 122 is preferably 2000 nm or less, more preferably 1800 nm or less, and even more preferably 1400 nm or less. Having such a thickness in the surface layer can improve the transmittance of long-wavelength infrared light in the lid portion. Furthermore, when the wavelength of infrared light irradiated onto the liquid L is 2 μm or more and less than 4 μm, the thickness of the surface layer 122 is preferably 2000 nm or less, more preferably 1400 nm or less, even more preferably 1200 nm or less, particularly preferably 1000 nm or less, and especially preferably 800 nm or less. On the other hand, when the wavelength of infrared light irradiated onto the liquid L is 2 μm or more and less than 4 μm, the thickness of the surface layer 122 is preferably 300 nm or more, more preferably 500 nm or more. Having such a thickness in the surface layer can improve the transmittance of short-wavelength infrared light in the lid portion and reduce reflection due to the refractive index difference between the calcium fluoride substrate and the surface layer.

[0029] Such a surface layer 122 is formed on the surface of the surface layer 122 or on the surface of the intermediate layer 123 by any suitable film deposition method. Examples of film deposition methods for the surface layer 122 include sputtering, vacuum deposition, ion plating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma CVD, and high-frequency plasma CVD. Among the film deposition methods for the surface layer 122, high-frequency plasma CVD is preferred.

[0030] B-3. ​​Sealing member As shown in Figure 1, in one embodiment, the container 1 further comprises a sealing member 13. The sealing member 13 is configured to seal the gap between the lid 12 and the container body 11 when the lid 12 closes the opening 11a. In the illustrated example, the sealing member 13 covers both the peripheral edge of the opening 11a in the container body 11 and the peripheral edge of the lid portion 12 that closes the opening 11a. This allows for stable sealing of the gap between the lid portion and the container body. Examples of materials for the sealing member 13 include rubber and stainless steel (SUS).

[0031] C. Uses of the container Such a container 1 can be used for various applications involving the irradiation of a liquid L with infrared light, and is particularly suitable for organic synthesis, in which infrared light is irradiated onto a liquid L containing reactants to accelerate the chemical reaction of the reactants and synthesize a desired compound. As shown in Figure 4, in one embodiment, the reaction apparatus 100 capable of carrying out organic synthesis comprises the above-described container 1 and an infrared radiation device 2 capable of emitting infrared rays.

[0032] The reaction apparatus 100 is equipped with one or more infrared emitting devices 2 for each container 1. The number of infrared emitting devices 2 for each container 1 is, for example, 1 to 5. The infrared emitting device 2 is positioned at a predetermined distance from the container 1. The infrared emitting device 2 is configured to irradiate the liquid L contained in the container 1 with predetermined infrared rays through the lid 12. Typically, the infrared emitting device 2 is capable of emitting infrared rays having a peak wavelength with a non-Planck distribution.

[0033] The peak wavelength of infrared radiation is typically adjusted according to the absorption wavelength of the reactants contained in liquid L. The peak wavelength of infrared radiation is, for example, located in the range of 2 μm to 8 μm. The peak wavelength of infrared radiation refers to the wavelength at which the normal emissivity in infrared radiation is maximum. The peak wavelength can be determined, for example, by an infrared emissivity curve obtained by plotting the wavelength in infrared radiation against the normal emissivity. The maximum normal emissivity of infrared radiation is, for example, 0.80 or higher, preferably 0.85 or higher, and more preferably 0.90 or higher. On the other hand, the upper limit of the maximum normal emissivity of infrared radiation is typically 1.0. The normal emissivity of infrared radiation is calculated, for example, by the following equation (I), which is obtained by applying Kirchhoff's laws with the transmittance set to a value of 0. The normal reflectance is measured, for example, by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) with an integrating sphere. (Vertical emissivity)=1-(Vertical reflectance)...(I) The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the infrared peak is, for example, 2.0 μm or less, preferably 1.5 μm or less, and more preferably 1.0 μm or less. On the other hand, the lower limit of the FWHM of the peak is typically 0 μm.

[0034] In one embodiment, the infrared radiation device 2 comprises a radiation unit 21, a reflector 22, and a light-gathering unit 23.

[0035] The radiating section 21 comprises a heat-generating section 211 and a metamaterial structure 212. The heat-generating section 211 is configured to supply thermal energy to the metamaterial structure 212. In one embodiment, the heating element 211 is configured as a planar heater. The heating element 211 comprises a heating element 2111 and a protective member 2112. The heating element 2111 is typically composed of a linear member curved in a zigzag pattern. Power can be supplied to the heating element 2111 from an external source via electrical wiring (not shown). Examples of materials that make up the heating element 2111 include W, Mo, Ta, Fe-Cr-Al alloy, and Ni-Cr alloy. The materials that make up the heating element 2111 can be used individually or in combination. Furthermore, the protective member 2112 contacts the heating element 2111 and surrounds it. The protective member 2112 is typically made of an insulator. Examples of insulators that make up the protective member 2112 include insulating resins such as polyimide and ceramics. The insulators that make up the protective member 2112 can be used individually or in combination.

[0036] The metamaterial structure 212 is configured to selectively emit the infrared radiation described above when it is supplied with thermal energy from the heat-generating section 211. In the illustrated example, the radiating section 21 comprises two metamaterial structures 212. The two metamaterial structures 212 are arranged so as to sandwich the heat-generating section 211. The metamaterial structure 212 comprises, in order from the heat-generating part 211 side, a conductive layer 2121, a dielectric layer 2122, and a conductive pattern 2123. The conductive layer 2121 is typically composed of conductors (electrical conductors). Examples of conductors that make up the conductive layer 2121 include metals such as Au, Al, and Mo. The conductors that make up the conductive layer 2121 can be used individually or in combination. The dielectric layer 2122 is located on the opposite side of the heat-generating section 211 from the conductive layer 2121 and is sandwiched between the conductive layer 2121 and the conductive pattern 2123. The dielectric layer 2122 is bonded to the conductive layer 2121. Examples of materials that make up the dielectric layer 2122 include alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2). The conductor pattern 2123 is located on the opposite side of the dielectric layer 2122 from the conductor layer 2121 and is bonded to the conductor layer 2121. The conductor pattern 2123 has multiple individual conductor layers. The multiple individual conductor layers are arranged at arbitrary and appropriate intervals from each other to form a periodic structure. The conductor pattern 2123 is typically composed of conductors (electrical conductors). Examples of conductors that make up the conductor pattern 2123 include conductors similar to those in the conductor layer 2121.

[0037] The radiating section 21 may further include a support substrate 213 in addition to the heat-generating section 211 and the metamaterial structure 212. The support substrate 213 is positioned between the heat-generating section 211 and the metamaterial structure 212 and supports the heat-generating section 211 and the metamaterial structure 212. Examples of materials that make up the support substrate 213 include Si and glass.

[0038] The reflector 22 is configured to reflect infrared radiation emitted from the radiating unit 21 toward the focusing unit 23. The reflector 22 has a reflective surface capable of reflecting infrared radiation. In a cross-section of the reflector 22, the reflective surface typically has a curved shape that opens toward the focusing unit 23. This curved shape may be a parabola, an elliptical arc, or a circular arc. In one embodiment, the reflector 22 covers the side of the radiating portion 21 that is opposite to the light-gathering portion 23, and the end of the reflector 22 extends further toward the light-gathering portion 23 than the radiating portion 21. As a result, the entire radiating portion 21 is located inside the reflector 22.

[0039] The light-gathering unit 23 is positioned between the radiating unit 21 and the container 1. The distance between the light-gathering unit 23 and the lid 12 of the container 1 can be adjusted arbitrarily and appropriately. The distance between the light-gathering unit 23 and the lid 12 is, for example, 20 mm to 60 mm, relative to the convex surface of the light-gathering unit 23. The light-gathering unit 23 is configured to collect infrared rays emitted from the radiating unit 21 and transmit them toward the container 1. The light-gathering unit 23 is typically composed of a light-gathering lens. As a focusing lens, for example, a plano-convex lens can be used, in which the surface on the radiating portion 21 side is flat and the surface on the container 1 side is a convex curved surface.

[0040] Such an infrared radiation device 2 is described in detail, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-61214. The entire description of that publication is incorporated herein by reference.

[0041] The infrared radiation device 2 described above can direct or via the reflector 22 the infrared radiation emitted from the radiation unit 21 to the light-gathering unit 23, where it is focused and irradiated intensively onto the liquid L contained in the container 1. More specifically, the infrared radiation emitted from the infrared radiation device 2 passes through the lid 12 of the container 1 and irradiates the liquid L contained in the closed space S of the container 1. As a result, the reaction apparatus 100 can sufficiently promote the chemical reaction of the reactants contained in the liquid L, and as a result, the desired compound can be produced smoothly. In such organic synthesis, the pressure in the enclosed space S of container 1 may be adjusted. In one embodiment, a vacuum pump (not shown) is connected to the mouth 112 (see Figure 3) of container 1 to reduce the pressure in the enclosed space S of container 1. The pressure in the enclosed space S of container 1 in organic synthesis is, for example, 0.9 kPa or less, or for example, 0.6 kPa or less, or for example, less than 0.25 kPa. The lower limit of the pressure in the enclosed space S of container 1 in organic synthesis is typically 0.1 kPa. In one embodiment of the container, a surface layer containing DLC ​​is provided, and the strength of the container (typically the lid) is sufficiently ensured, so even if the pressure in the closed space of the container is reduced to 0.9 kPa or less, damage to the container (typically the lid) can be reliably suppressed. [Examples]

[0042] The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The measurement methods for each characteristic are as follows.

[0043] <Strength evaluation 1: Vacuuming with a separable flask> As shown in Figure 3, the lids obtained in each embodiment and comparative example were positioned to close the opening of the container body, and the gap between the lid and the container body was sealed with a sealing member. Subsequently, the vacuum in the enclosed space of the container was reduced to a vacuum of 0.1 MPa. The depressurization time was 2 hours. Then, the strength of the lid was evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 1. ○: No damage. ×: Damaged.

[0044] <Strength Evaluation 2: Stress-Strain Measurement> The stress and strain of the lid obtained in each example and comparative example were measured using a precision universal testing machine (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). The load cell capacities of the precision universal testing machine were 50 kN (5 tonf), 1 kN (100 kgf), and 50 N (5 kgf). The test force accuracy of the precision universal testing machine was ±0.5% at 50 kN and 1 kN, and ±1% at 50 N. The test speed of the precision universal testing machine was 0.0005 mm / min to 10000 mm / min. The strength of the lid was then evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 1. ○: Pressure resistance of 4000 Pa or more. ×: Pressure resistance less than 4000 Pa.

[0045] <Infrared transmittance measurement> The infrared transmittance of the lid obtained in each example and comparative example was measured by the transmission method of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). More specifically, the transmittance at each wavelength was measured by varying the wavelength of infrared light irradiated onto the lid from 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm. Table 1 shows the lowest value among the infrared transmittances at wavelengths of 2.0 μm to 4.0 μm in the lid, defined as the (2-4 μm) transmittance. Furthermore, the lowest value among the infrared transmittances in the lid area with wavelengths of 4.0 μm to 8.0 μm is defined as the (4-8 μm) transmittance and is shown in Table 1.

[0046] [Examples 1-8] A calcium fluoride substrate with a thickness of 2 mm was prepared. The calcium fluoride substrate had a disc shape with a diameter of 100 mm. A silicon (Si)-containing intermediate layer was deposited on the surface of a calcium fluoride substrate by CVD. The thickness of the intermediate layer is shown in Table 1. During the deposition of the intermediate layer, the raw material gas was SiH4, the carrier gas was H2, the gas flow rate was 50 sccm, and the pressure was 10 Pa. The deposition time was adjusted as appropriate according to the thickness of the intermediate layer. Next, a surface layer containing DLC ​​was deposited on the surface of the intermediate layer using a high-frequency plasma CVD method with a discharge at a high frequency of 13.5 MHz. The thickness of the surface layer is shown in Table 1. During the deposition of the surface layer, the raw material gas was C2H2, the gas flow rate was 50 sccm, and the pressure was 10 Pa. The deposition time was adjusted as appropriate according to the thickness of the surface layer. Based on the above, a lid comprising a calcium fluoride base material, an intermediate layer, and a surface layer was prepared.

[0047] [Comparative Example 1] The lid was made of a calcium fluoride substrate with a thickness of 2 mm.

[0048] [Comparative Example 2] A quartz substrate with a thickness of 2 mm was used as the lid.

[0049] [Comparative Example 3] The lid is made of a sapphire glass substrate with a thickness of 0.5 mm.

[0050] [Table 1]

[0051] <Rating> As is clear from Table 1, the lids (Examples 1-8) equipped with a calcium fluoride substrate and a surface layer containing DLC ​​exhibit superior infrared transmittance to infrared rays with wavelengths of 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm compared to the quartz substrate (Comparative Example 2) and the sapphire glass substrate (Comparative Example 3). Furthermore, the lids of Examples 1-8, being equipped with a surface layer containing DLC, exhibit excellent acid resistance. Furthermore, a comparison of Examples 1-8 with Comparative Example 1 shows that the strength of the lid can be significantly improved if the lid has a surface layer containing DLC. [Industrial applicability]

[0052] The container according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used for various applications involving the irradiation of a liquid with infrared light, and is particularly suitable for organic synthesis involving the irradiation of an acidic liquid with infrared light. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0053] 1 container 11 Container body 11a opening 12 Lid 121 Calcium Fluoride Base 122 Surface layer 123 Middle Class 100 Reactor

Claims

1. A container configured to define a closed space capable of containing a liquid, Calcium fluoride substrate and A container comprising a surface layer containing diamond-like carbon, wherein at least a portion of the surface layer is located on the closed space side with respect to the calcium fluoride substrate.

2. A container body having an opening, The facility comprises a lid that can close the aforementioned opening, The container according to claim 1, wherein the lid portion includes the calcium fluoride substrate and the surface layer.

3. The container according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an intermediate layer located between the calcium fluoride substrate and the surface layer.

4. The container according to claim 3, wherein the intermediate layer contains silicon.

5. The container according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the surface layer is 300 nm to 2000 nm.

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