Carbon dioxide application system

Abstract

This method promotes the growth of plants cultivated in agricultural greenhouses while minimizing environmental impact. [Solution] The carbon dioxide application device for agricultural greenhouses comprises an internal combustion engine powered by carbon-free fuel, a connection unit, and a flow path control unit. The connection unit is detachably connected to a storage device containing an adsorbent capable of adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide. The flow path control unit causes the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine to flow down towards the connection unit. The connection unit has an inlet connection unit and an outlet connection unit. The inlet connection unit allows the exhaust gas to flow into the storage device connected to the connection unit. The outlet connection unit causes the exhaust gas that has flowed out of the storage device to flow out towards the agricultural greenhouse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a carbon dioxide application device configured to apply carbon dioxide to an agricultural greenhouse.

Background Art

[0002] As described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, techniques for supplying carbon dioxide obtained by burning fossil fuels such as heavy oil and kerosene to an agricultural greenhouse are known. According to these techniques, the growth of plants cultivated in an agricultural greenhouse can be promoted.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Inventive Concept

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] [[ID=3,8]] However, in the techniques of Patent Documents 1 and 2, since carbon dioxide to be applied is generated by burning fossil fuels, there is a risk of environmental impact. [[ID=,41]]One aspect of the present disclosure preferably promotes the growth of plants cultivated in an agricultural greenhouse while suppressing environmental impact.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] Note: There seem to be some inconsistent or unclear tag formats in the original (e.g., <000,001,?> and <00,000,15> etc.). I translated them as accurately as possible while maintaining the original form. If these are errors in the original, they might need to be corrected for a more proper translation. Also, the term "発明の概要" can be translated as "Summary of the Invention" or "Inventive Concept" depending on the context. I chose "Summary of the Invention" here, but it could be adjusted as needed.One aspect of the present disclosure is a carbon dioxide application device for an agricultural greenhouse, comprising an internal combustion engine, a connection unit, and a flow path control unit. The internal combustion engine is powered by a carbon-free fuel that does not produce greenhouse gases when burned. The connection unit is configured to detachably connect to a storage device containing an adsorbent capable of adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide. The flow path control unit is configured to cause exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine to flow down toward the connection unit. The connection unit has an inlet connection unit and an outlet connection unit. The inlet connection unit causes the exhaust gas flowing down toward the connection unit to flow into the storage device connected to the connection unit. The outlet connection unit causes the exhaust gas that has flowed out of the storage device to flow out toward the agricultural greenhouse.

[0006] With the above configuration, carbon-free fuel is used in the internal combustion engine, thus suppressing the generation of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the heat from the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine is used to effectively desorb carbon dioxide from the adsorbent in the storage device, and this carbon dioxide can be applied to the agricultural greenhouse. Therefore, it is possible to promote the growth of plants cultivated in the agricultural greenhouse while suppressing the environmental burden.

[0007] In one aspect of this disclosure, the flow path control unit may be configured to switch between a desorption mode, in which the exhaust gas flows toward the connection, and a non-desorption mode, in which the exhaust gas flows toward the agricultural greenhouse without passing through the connection.

[0008] According to the above configuration, if carbon dioxide is not applied to the agricultural greenhouse, the greenhouse can be heated by supplying exhaust gas to it. Therefore, the heat generated by the internal combustion engine can be utilized more effectively.

[0009] One aspect of this disclosure may further include a cooling unit configured to cool exhaust gas flowing into the agricultural greenhouse without passing through the connection unit when in non-deactivation mode. According to the above configuration, the temperature of the exhaust gas supplied to the agricultural greenhouse can be adjusted. Therefore, the agricultural greenhouse can be heated more effectively.

[0010] One aspect of this disclosure may further include a purification unit configured to purify exhaust gas. According to the above configuration, carbon dioxide can be applied to agricultural greenhouses more effectively. One aspect of this disclosure may further include a muffler configured to reduce noise generated as exhaust gas flows down.

[0011] According to the above configuration, carbon dioxide can be applied to agricultural greenhouses more effectively. In one aspect of this disclosure, the carbon-free fuel may contain ammonia. According to the above configuration, it is possible to promote the growth of plants cultivated in agricultural greenhouses while suppressing the environmental burden. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] [Figure 1] Figure 1A is an explanatory diagram of the carbon dioxide application device according to the first embodiment. Figure 1B is an explanatory diagram showing the internal structure of the storage device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 2] Figure 2A is an explanatory diagram of a carbon dioxide application device according to the second embodiment. Figure 2B is an explanatory diagram of a modified carbon dioxide application device according to the second embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0013] Embodiments to which this disclosure applies will be described below with reference to the drawings. [1. First Embodiment] [(1) Overview] The carbon dioxide application device 1 of the first embodiment is configured to apply carbon dioxide to an agricultural greenhouse 5 (see Figure 1A). The agricultural greenhouse 5 is a facility for cultivating plants indoors and is equipped with an air conditioner 4 or the like to adjust the room temperature. The carbon dioxide application device 1 comprises an internal combustion engine 10, a purification unit 11, a muffler 12, a switching unit 13, a cooling unit 14, and a connection unit 15. Furthermore, the carbon dioxide application device 1 is configured so that the storage device 3 for storing carbon dioxide is detachable.

[0014] In addition, the carbon dioxide application device 1 is provided with first to third flow paths 1A to 1C for causing the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 10 to flow downward toward the agricultural greenhouse 5. The first to third flow paths 1A to 1C may be configured as, for example, pipes.

[0015] The first flow path 1A has a starting end connected to the internal combustion engine 10 and a terminal end connected to the switching unit 13. Further, a purification unit 11 and a muffler 12 are provided between the starting end and the terminal end in the first flow path 1A. The muffler 12 is located on the downstream side in the exhaust gas flow direction from the purification unit 11.

[0016] The second and third flow paths 1B and 1C each have a starting end connected to the switching unit 13 and a terminal end opened inside the agricultural greenhouse 5. A cooling unit 14 is provided between the starting end and the terminal end in the second flow path 1B. Further, a connection unit 15 is provided between the starting end and the terminal end in the third flow path 1C. Although details will be described later, the storage device 3 is detachable from the connection unit 15. The first to third flow paths 1A to 1C may be provided as a part of the carbon dioxide application device 1 or may be provided separately from the carbon dioxide application device 1.

[0017] [(2) Internal combustion engine] The internal combustion engine 10 operates by burning a carbon-free fuel that does not generate greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide) even when burned, and drives the generator 2 to generate electricity (see FIG. 1A). The electric power generated by the generator 2 is used to operate equipment (e.g., the air conditioner 4, etc.) provided in the agricultural greenhouse 5. Further, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by burning the carbon-free fuel in the internal combustion engine 10 travels toward the purification unit 11 via the first flow path 1A.

[0018] In addition, in the first embodiment, as an example, ammonia is used as the carbon-free fuel, and the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 10 contains nitrogen oxides (e.g., NO, NO2), unburned ammonia, hydrogen, and the like.

[0019] Note that only carbon-free fuel may be supplied to the internal combustion engine 10, or a fuel mainly composed of carbon-free fuel, specifically, for example, a fuel in which a carbon-based fuel that generates greenhouse gases during combustion is mixed into the carbon-free fuel may be supplied. Further, the carbon-free fuel may be a substance other than ammonia.

[0020] [(3) Purification section] The purification section 11 is configured to purify substances contained in the exhaust gas flowing down the first flow path 1A (see FIG. 1A). Then, the exhaust gas purified by the purification section 11 heads toward the muffler 12 via the first flow path 1A.

[0021] Specifically, for example, the purification section 11 may perform a reduction process of nitrogen oxides using urea and an SCR catalyst, or may purify unburned ammonia originally contained in the exhaust gas and ammonia remaining in the reduction process by an ammonia stripping catalyst. Further, for example, the purification section 11 may oxidize hydrogen contained in the exhaust gas by a catalyst.

[0022] [(4) Muffler] The muffler 12 is configured to reduce the noise generated when the exhaust gas flows down the first flow path 1A (see FIG. 1A). Specifically, for example, the muffler 12 may reduce the noise by reducing the temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas. Then, the exhaust gas that has passed through the muffler 12 heads toward the switching section 13 via the first flow path 1A.

[0023] [(5) Switching section] The switching section 13 is configured as a valve (in other words, a flow path control section) that switches the connection destination of the end of the first flow path 1A (see FIG. 1A). The end of the first flow path 1A is connected to either the second or third flow path 1B, 1C by the switching section 13.

[0024] [(6) Cooling section] The cooling unit 14 is configured to cool the exhaust gas flowing down the second flow path 1B (see Figure 1A). For example, the cooling unit 14 may use a refrigerant to cool the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas that has passed through the cooling unit 14 flows into the interior of the agricultural greenhouse 5 via the second flow path 1B.

[0025] [(7) Connection part] The connection section 15 is a part configured to be detachably connected to the carbon dioxide storage device 3 and is provided in the third flow path 1C (see Figure 1A). The connection section 15 comprises an inlet connection section 15A and an outlet connection section 15B (see Figure 1B).

[0026] The inlet connection section 15A is a part that can be attached to and detached from the inlet section 31 of the storage device 3 (details will be described later), and is located at the end of the upstream section of the connection section 15 in the third flow path 1C. The outlet connection section 15B is a part that can be attached to and detached from the outlet section 32 of the storage device 3 (details will be described later), and is located at the beginning of the section downstream of the connection section 15 in the third flow path 1C.

[0027] [(8) Storage device] The storage device 3 is a device capable of storing recovered carbon dioxide and supplying the stored carbon dioxide (see Figure 1A). The storage device 3 is a cartridge type and is configured to be detachably attached to the carbon dioxide application device 1 and the carbon dioxide recovery system (details will be described later) in the first embodiment. The storage device 3 comprises a main body 30, an inlet 31, an outlet 32, a carbon dioxide adsorbent 33, a partition plate 34, and a sealing material 35 (see Figure 1B).

[0028] <Main body> The main body 30 is the part that houses an adsorbent 33 capable of adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide (see Figure 1B). The adsorbent 33 may be a substance such as zeolite that can suitably desorb carbon dioxide at high temperatures. For example, a large number of granular adsorbents 33 are arranged inside the main body 30.

[0029] The main body 30 is formed in a cylindrical shape, for example, and is positioned so that its central axis A extends in the vertical direction. Of course, the shape of the main body 30 and the orientation in which it is positioned are not limited to this and can be determined as appropriate.

[0030] <Entrance and Exit Sections> The inlet portion 31 and the outlet portion 32 are cylindrical parts that connect to the space for housing the carbon dioxide adsorbent 33 inside the main body portion 30 (see Figure 1B). The inlet portion 31 and the outlet portion 32 are provided so as to protrude outward at positions adjacent to the bottom portion 30A on the side portion 30B of the main body portion 30. Furthermore, the inlet portion 31 and the outlet portion 32 are provided so as to face each other across the central axis A of the main body portion 30.

[0031] <Partition> A partition plate 34 is provided in the space for containing the adsorbent 33 inside the main body 30 (see Figure 1B). The partition plate 34 is flat and protrudes from the bottom 30A of the main body 30 along the central axis A, and is connected to the side 30B of the main body 30. A gap is formed between the top 30C of the main body 30 and the partition plate 34. The partition plate 34 is located midway between the inlet 31 and the outlet 32, and is oriented perpendicular to the direction in which the inlet 31 and the outlet 32 ​​face each other.

[0032] By providing the partition plate 34, the gas that flows into the adsorbent 33 containment space from the inlet 31 moves to the vicinity of the top 30C, and then flows out to the outside from the outlet 32. This promotes that the gas spreads throughout the entire containment space of the adsorbent 33.

[0033] <Sealing material> An encapsulating material 35 is placed at each of the inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​so as to be adjacent to the space for containing the adsorbent 33 in the main body 30 (see Figure 1B). The encapsulating material 35 may be made of a permeable material (for example, a metal mesh). The encapsulating material 35 prevents the adsorbent 33 placed in the main body 30 from flowing out to the inlet 31 and outlet 32.

[0034] <Carbon dioxide storage> The storage device 3 is detachable from a carbon dioxide recovery system installed at a carbon dioxide source located in a different location from the carbon dioxide application device 1 (see Figure 1B). The carbon dioxide source could be, for example, a vehicle or construction machine equipped with an internal combustion engine, or a factory.

[0035] When the storage device 3 is connected to the recovery system, gas containing carbon dioxide flows into the main body 30 from the inlet 31, passes through the storage space of the adsorbent 33, and is discharged from the outlet 32. As the gas passes through the storage space, it comes into contact with the adsorbent 33, and as a result, the carbon dioxide contained in the gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent 33.

[0036] Then, once sufficient carbon dioxide has been stored in the storage device 3, the storage device 3 is removed from the recovery system, and another storage device 3 that does not contain carbon dioxide is connected to the recovery system in its place. Furthermore, the storage device 3 that has stored sufficient carbon dioxide is transported from the recovery system to the carbon dioxide application device 1 and connected to the connection part 15 of the carbon dioxide application device 1.

[0037] [(9) Modes of carbon dioxide application devices] The carbon dioxide application device 1 can switch between a desorption mode, in which carbon dioxide is applied to the agricultural greenhouse 5, and a non-desorption mode, in which the agricultural greenhouse 5 is heated by exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 10 (see Figure 1A). Specifically, the switching unit 13 ensures that when the first flow path 1A and the second flow path 1B are connected, the device is in non-desorption mode, and when the first flow path 1A and the third flow path 1C are connected, the device is in desorption mode.

[0038] Alternatively, the operator may manually operate the switching unit 13 to switch the connection destination of the first flow path 1A, thereby switching between the detachment mode and the non-detachment mode. In addition, for example, the switching unit 13 may be activated in response to a signal from a control device (not shown) to switch the connection destination of the first flow path 1A, thereby switching between the detachment mode and the non-detachment mode.

[0039] <Operation in non-detachable mode> In non-desorption mode, the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 10 passes sequentially through the purification unit 11 and the muffler 12 via the first passage 1A (see Figure 1A). This purifies the exhaust gas and reduces noise. The exhaust gas that has passed through the first passage 1A then passes through the switching unit 13 and the second passage 1B, and then through the cooling unit 14 before reaching the inside of the agricultural greenhouse 5. In other words, the exhaust gas is cooled in the cooling unit 14 without passing through the connection unit 15, and then supplied to the inside of the agricultural greenhouse 5, thereby heating the greenhouse 5. Of course, the cooling unit 14 may be turned OFF, and the exhaust gas may be supplied to the agricultural greenhouse 5 without cooling.

[0040] <Operation in Detachment Mode> The desorption mode is initiated when the storage device 3, which has a sufficient amount of carbon dioxide stored, is connected to the connection unit 15. In other words, at the start of the desorption mode, the inlet connection unit 15A and the outlet connection unit 15B of the connection unit 15 are connected to the inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​of the storage device 3, respectively (see Figure 1B).

[0041] In desorption mode, as in non-desorption mode, the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 10 passes through the first passage 1A (see Figure 1A). This purifies the exhaust gas and reduces noise. The exhaust gas that has passed through the first passage 1A, while still at a high temperature, reaches the connection section 15 to which the storage device 3 is connected, via the switching section 13 and the third passage 1C.

[0042] The exhaust gas that reaches the connection section 15 passes through the inlet connection section 15A and the inlet section 31, flows into the adsorbent 33 containment space in the main body section 30, and then flows out into the third flow path 1C after passing through the outlet section 32 and the outlet connection section 15B. At this time, the adsorbent 33 comes into contact with the high-temperature exhaust gas in the containment space of the main body section 30. As a result, the carbon dioxide adsorbed on the adsorbent 33 is released, increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas flowing down the containment space.

[0043] Subsequently, the exhaust gas that flows out into the third channel 1C reaches the inside of the agricultural greenhouse 5, thereby supplying carbon dioxide stored in the storage device 3 to the agricultural greenhouse 5. When the amount of carbon dioxide stored in the storage device 3 becomes low, the storage device 3 is disconnected from the connection part 15, and a new storage device 3 with a sufficient amount of carbon dioxide is connected to the connection part 15. In the same manner, the carbon dioxide stored in the new storage device 3 is then supplied to the agricultural greenhouse 5.

[0044] [2. Second Embodiment] The carbon dioxide application device 1 of the second embodiment has the same configuration as the first embodiment, but differs from the first embodiment in the configuration of the cooling unit 14 and the position in which the cooling unit 14 is located. The differences between the carbon dioxide application device 1 of the second embodiment and the first embodiment will be described below.

[0045] In other words, in the second embodiment, the cooling unit 14 is configured to be switchable ON / OFF and is located downstream of the muffler 12 in the first flow path 1A (see Figure 2A). In non-desorption mode, the cooling unit 14 is turned ON. The exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 10 passes sequentially through the purification unit 11, the muffler 12, and the cooling unit 14 via the first passage 1A. After that, the exhaust gas passes through the cooling unit 14 via the switching unit 13 and the second passage 1B, and then reaches the inside of the agricultural greenhouse 5. As a result, similar to the first embodiment, the exhaust gas is purified and noise is reduced, the exhaust gas is cooled, and the agricultural greenhouse 5 is heated.

[0046] On the other hand, in deactivation mode, the cooling unit 14 is turned OFF. The exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 10 then passes sequentially through the first passage 1A to the purification unit 11, the muffler 12, and the cooling unit 14. This purifies the exhaust gas and reduces noise, but does not cool the exhaust gas.

[0047] Subsequently, the exhaust gas that has passed through the first flow path 1A, while still at a high temperature, passes through the storage device 3 via the switching unit 13 and the third flow path 1C, and then reaches the inside of the agricultural greenhouse 5. As a result, the carbon dioxide stored in the storage device 3 is supplied to the agricultural greenhouse 5.

[0048] In this way, by moving the cooling unit 14, which was located in the second channel 1B, to the first channel 1A, the second channel 1B can be shortened. This makes it possible to miniaturize the carbon dioxide application device 1.

[0049] Of course, the position of the cooling unit 14 is not limited to those described above; the cooling unit 14 may be positioned between the purification unit 11 and the muffler 12 in the first flow path 1A (see Figure 2B). Even with such a configuration, the same processing can be performed in both the non-desorption mode and the desorption mode.

[0050] Furthermore, in non-desorption mode, the exhaust gas passes through the muffler 12 after being cooled in the cooling unit 14. Therefore, the muffler 12 performs noise reduction processing on the exhaust gas, which has a reduced thermal energy. This makes it easier to reduce noise, and allows for a reduction in the sound-dampening space of the muffler 12 or a simplification of the muffler 12's configuration.

[0051] [3. Effects] (1) According to the carbon dioxide application device 1 of the above embodiment, carbon-free fuel is used in the internal combustion engine 10, so the generation of greenhouse gases can be suppressed. Furthermore, the heat from the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine 10 is used to effectively desorb carbon dioxide from the adsorbent in the storage device 3, and the carbon dioxide can be applied to the agricultural greenhouse 5. Therefore, the growth of plants cultivated in the agricultural greenhouse 5 can be promoted while suppressing the environmental burden.

[0052] Furthermore, the storage device 3 is a cartridge type, and carbon dioxide is stored in the storage device 3 by a recovery system located in a different location from the agricultural greenhouse 5. Therefore, since carbon dioxide generated in various locations can be applied to the agricultural greenhouse 5, it is possible to increase the amount of carbon dioxide applied and improve the efficiency of carbon dioxide use.

[0053] Furthermore, the exhaust gas flow path in the carbon dioxide application device 1 consists of second and third flow paths 1B and 1C branching off from the first flow path 1A, resulting in a relatively simple configuration. This allows for a reduction in the number of valves and sensors required to control the exhaust gas flow path. Additionally, since the carbon dioxide application device 1 applies carbon dioxide stored in a cartridge-type storage device 3, it does not require a carbon dioxide storage tank or a compressor used to store carbon dioxide in the storage tank. Consequently, the number of parts in the carbon dioxide application device 1 can be reduced and its configuration simplified, thereby lowering costs.

[0054] (2) Furthermore, when carbon dioxide is not applied to the agricultural greenhouse 5, the carbon dioxide application device 1 can switch to a non-desorption mode and supply exhaust gas to the agricultural greenhouse 5, thereby heating the greenhouse 5. This allows the heat generated by the internal combustion engine 10 to be utilized more effectively.

[0055] (3) Furthermore, since the cooling unit 14 is provided, the temperature of the exhaust gas supplied to the agricultural greenhouse 5 can be adjusted. This allows for more effective heating of the agricultural greenhouse 5. (4) Furthermore, the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 10 is purified by the purification unit 11. As a result, carbon dioxide can be applied to the agricultural greenhouse 5 more effectively.

[0056] (5) In addition, the muffler 12 reduces noise, allowing carbon dioxide to be applied to agricultural greenhouses more effectively. [4. Other Embodiments] (1) The carbon dioxide application device 1 of the first and second embodiments is provided with a desorption mode and a non-desorption mode, but the non-desorption mode may not be provided. In other words, these carbon dioxide application devices 1 may not have a second flow path 1B, and the end of the first flow path 1A may be connected to the beginning of the third flow path 1C. Furthermore, in the carbon dioxide application device 1 of the first and second embodiments, all or part of the purification unit 11, muffler 12, and cooling unit 14 may not be provided.

[0057] (2) Multiple functions of one component in the above embodiment may be realized by multiple components, or one function of one component may be realized by multiple components. Also, multiple functions of multiple components may be realized by one component, or one function realized by multiple components may be realized by one component. Furthermore, some of the configurations of the above embodiment may be omitted. Also, at least some of the configurations of the above embodiment may be added to or replaced with the configurations of other above embodiments. [Explanation of symbols]

[0058] 1...Carbon dioxide application device, 1A~1C...First to third flow paths, 10...Internal combustion engine, 11...Purification section, 12...Muffler, 13...Switching section, 14...Cooling section, 15...Connection section, 15A...Inlet connection section, 15B...Outlet connection section, 2...Generator, 3...Storage device, 30...Main body section, 30A...Bottom section, 30B...Side section, 30C...Top section, 31...Inlet section, 32...Outlet section, 33...Adsorbent, 34...Partition plate, 35...Sealing material, 4...Air conditioner, 5...Agricultural greenhouse.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide application device for agricultural greenhouses, An internal combustion engine that operates using carbon-free fuel that does not produce greenhouse gases when burned, A storage device containing an adsorbent capable of adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide is connected to a connecting part configured to be detachably attached, The system includes a flow path control unit configured to direct the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine toward the connection point, The aforementioned connection part is An inlet connection that allows the exhaust gas flowing down toward the connection to flow into the storage device connected to the connection, An outlet connection section for releasing the exhaust gas that has flowed out from inside the storage device toward the agricultural greenhouse, A carbon dioxide application device having [a specific feature / feature].

2. A carbon dioxide application device according to claim 1, The flow path control unit is configured to switch between a desorption mode, in which the exhaust gas flows toward the connection, and a non-desorption mode, in which the exhaust gas flows toward the agricultural greenhouse without passing through the connection. Carbon dioxide application device.

3. A carbon dioxide application device according to claim 2, The system further includes a cooling unit configured to cool the exhaust gas that flows into the agricultural greenhouse without passing through the connection unit during the non-detachment mode. Carbon dioxide application device.

4. A carbon dioxide application device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The system further comprises a purification unit configured to purify the exhaust gas. Carbon dioxide application device.

5. A carbon dioxide application device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The muffler is further configured to reduce noise generated when the exhaust gas flows down. Carbon dioxide application device.

6. A carbon dioxide application device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The carbon-free fuel contains ammonia. Carbon dioxide application device.

Images