Emergency ventilation system

Abstract

The present invention provides an emergency ventilation system that suppresses the deterioration of filter removal performance and extends the lifespan of the filter. [Solution] The system comprises an airtight chamber 2 having airtightness, a suction means 3 that draws in outside air from an inlet 22 provided on one end of the airtight chamber 2 and discharges outside air from a suction port 23 provided on the other end of the airtight chamber 2, a vortex generation unit 4 that generates a vortex in the outside air with an inner circumferential surface 41 formed in an arc shape along the inflow direction of the inlet 22, and a group of filters 5 provided downstream of the vortex generation unit 4, which remove dust and harmful components by passing the vortex-shaped outside air through them.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to an emergency ventilation device for ventilating evacuation spaces such as underground shelters during emergencies such as special disasters. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, technologies for ventilating shelters used as evacuation sites during disasters have been known. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2014-167379 proposes a shelter ventilation system that can minimize secondary exposure and contamination within the shelter (Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2014-167379 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] In conventional ventilation systems, including the shelter ventilation system described in Patent Document 1, when the filter that removes dust and other particles becomes clogged and its removal performance deteriorates, it needs to be replaced with a new filter. However, used filters with reduced removal performance may be contaminated with harmful components such as radioactive materials or biological weapons, so there is a desire to use the filters for as long as possible without replacing them.

[0005] This invention was made to solve these problems and aims to provide an emergency ventilation device that suppresses the deterioration of the filter's removal performance and extends the lifespan of the filter. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The emergency ventilation device according to the present invention solves the problem of suppressing a decrease in the removal performance of filters and extending the lifespan of filters, and is an emergency ventilation device for ventilating an evacuation space in an emergency, comprising: an airtight chamber having airtightness; a suction means for drawing in outside air from an inlet provided on one end of the airtight chamber and discharging outside air from a suction port provided on the other end of the airtight chamber; a vortex generation unit provided on one end of the airtight chamber and generating a vortex in the outside air with an inner circumferential surface formed in an arc shape along the inflow direction of the inlet; and a group of filters provided downstream of the vortex generation unit and removing dust and harmful components by passing the vortex-shaped outside air through them.

[0007] Furthermore, in one aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the problem of reliably removing dust and harmful components contained in the outside air, the filter group may be arranged in the following order along the suction direction of the suction means: a pre-filter for removing relatively large dust particles contained in the outside air, a HEPA filter for removing relatively small dust particles contained in the outside air, and a chemical filter box for removing harmful components contained in the outside air.

[0008] Furthermore, in one aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the problem of easily and quickly setting the chemical filter box without damaging the airtight packing, when the suction direction is from bottom to top, the present invention includes a pair of slide guides provided on both sides of the chemical filter box, a pair of guide receivers provided on the inner surface of the airtight chamber for sliding each of the slide guides, and an airtight packing provided on the upper end surface of the HEPA filter for maintaining airtightness between it and the lower end surface of the chemical filter box, wherein the tip of the slide guide is provided with a sliding projection that slides against the sliding surface of the guide receiver while maintaining a height position in which the lower end surface of the chemical filter box does not come into contact with the airtight packing, and the tip of the guide receiver is provided with a recess that lowers the lower end surface of the chemical filter box to a height position in close contact with the airtight packing when the sliding projection is fitted into it.

[0009] Furthermore, in one aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the problem of positioning the chemical filter box in the correct set position and preventing misalignment, the rear end of the slide guide is provided with a stopper projection to prevent sliding with the guide receiver, and the rear end of the guide receiver is provided with a stopper recess that can be fitted with the stopper projection.

[0010] Furthermore, in one aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the problem of sufficiently and efficiently collecting dust even with a low-output drive motor, a flow velocity adjustment plate may be provided that is swingably mounted near the inlet and can increase or decrease the opening area of ​​the inlet.

[0011] Furthermore, in one aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the problem of improving the removal performance of fine dust by generating static electricity in the vortex generation unit and the flow velocity adjustment plate, the vortex generation unit and the flow velocity adjustment plate may be configured such that at least the surface in contact with the outside air is made of a resin material.

[0012] Furthermore, in one aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the problem of mistakenly performing normal ventilation instead of emergency ventilation, the piping connecting the suction port and the suction means may be in communication with a normal ventilation port used for normal ventilation. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the filter's removal performance and extend the lifespan of the filter. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0014] [Figure 1] This is a front view showing the internal structure of one embodiment of an emergency ventilation device according to the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a plan view of Figure 1. [Figure 3] This is a right side view of Figure 1. [Figure 4]It is a cross-sectional view of the vortex generation part in the airtight chamber in plan view. [Figure 5] It is a perspective view of the emergency ventilation device of this embodiment. [Figure 6] It is a diagram showing the flow of outside air in the vortex generation part of this embodiment. [Figure 7] It is an enlarged view showing the filter group of this embodiment. [Figure 8] It is a diagram showing the state when setting the chemical filter box of this embodiment. [Figure 9] It is a table showing the measurement results of Example 1.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0015] Hereinafter, an embodiment of an emergency ventilation device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0016] The emergency ventilation device 1 of this embodiment is for ventilating the evacuation space in an emergency. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, mainly, an airtight chamber 2 having airtightness, a suction means 3 provided above the airtight chamber 2, a vortex generation part 4 provided at the bottom in the airtight chamber 2, and a filter group 5 provided on the downstream side of the vortex generation part 4 are housed inside the housing 11. Hereinafter, each component will be described.

[0017] In the present invention, the emergency is assumed to be a disaster caused by chemical substances (Chemical), biological substances (Biological), radiological substances (Radiological), nuclear substances (Nuclear), and explosives (Explosive), which is so-called CBRNE (CBRN) disaster. However, it is not limited to these, and includes various disasters such as earthquakes, fires, typhoons, etc.

[0018] In the present invention, the evacuation space includes not only shelters such as underground shelters and nuclear shelters, but also all evacuation facilities used in emergencies, such as gymnasiums and community centers. <00001

[0019] The airtight chamber 2 is formed in the shape of an airtight box, and as shown in Figure 4, its front surface is configured to open to one side by an inner door 21. Also, as shown in Figure 1, the airtight chamber 2 has an inlet 22 at its lower end and a suction port 23 at its upper end. In this embodiment, the pipe 22a provided at the inlet 22 protrudes to the outside of the housing 11 and is designed to take in outside air from the emergency ventilation port 24. Also, as shown in Figure 2, the pipe 23a provided at the suction port 23 is connected to the suction means 3 and is also in communication with the normal ventilation port 25 used for normal ventilation.

[0020] In this embodiment, since the suction direction by the suction means 3 is from bottom to top, an inlet 22 is provided on the lower end side of the airtight chamber 2 and a suction port 23 is provided on the upper end side. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and it is sufficient if an inlet 22 is provided on one end side of the airtight chamber 2 and a suction port 23 is provided on the other end side of the airtight chamber 2, depending on the suction direction. In addition, in each figure, in order to make it easier to understand the internal structure of the emergency ventilation device 1, the outer door 12 on the front of the housing 11, the inner door 21 on the front of the airtight chamber 2, and the piping provided at the suction port 23 are omitted as appropriate.

[0021] The suction means 3 draws outside air into the airtight chamber 2. In this embodiment, the suction means 3 consists of a turbo blower 31 connected to the suction port 23 and a drive motor 32 that drives the turbo blower 31. With this configuration, when the drive motor 32 drives the turbo blower 31, it draws outside air into the airtight chamber 2 from the suction port 23, creating a negative pressure. As a result, outside air is drawn in through the inlet 22 from the emergency ventilation port 24, and after being discharged from the suction port 23, it is supplied into the evacuation space through the piping 23a and the discharge port 31a of the turbo blower 31.

[0022] In this embodiment, the drive motor 32 is integrated with a speed increaser, allowing the rotational speed of the drive motor 32 to be amplified as needed. Furthermore, the drive motor 32 is equipped with a manual handle 33, allowing it to be driven manually in the event of a power outage.

[0023] The vortex generation unit 4 generates a vortex in the outside air flowing into the airtight chamber 2. In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the vortex generation unit 4 is located at the bottom, which is one end of the airtight chamber 2, and has an inner circumferential surface 41 formed in an arc shape along the inflow direction of the inlet 22. With this configuration, as shown in Figure 6, the outside air flowing into the airtight chamber 2 swirls along the inner circumferential surface 41, so that dust contained in the outside air is separated and collected by centrifugal force.

[0024] Furthermore, in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, a flow velocity adjustment plate 42 is provided near the inlet 22 so as to be swingable, which can increase or decrease the opening area of ​​the inlet 22. By swinging this flow velocity adjustment plate 42 and fixing it at an arbitrary angle, the opening area of ​​the inlet 22 is increased or decreased, and the flow velocity increases or decreases according to the opening area. Here, from the results of Embodiment 1 described later, the dust collection rate in the vortex generation unit 4 improves as the flow velocity increases, and the particle size of the dust collected in the vortex generation unit 4 becomes smaller as the flow velocity increases. Therefore, by adjusting the flow velocity with the flow velocity adjustment plate 42, it is possible to adjust both the collection rate and the particle size of the dust in the vortex generation unit 4.

[0025] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the vortex generation unit 4 and the flow velocity adjustment plate 42 are made of resin material at least on the surface that comes into contact with the outside air, by applying a resin coating or powder coating of resin paint. As a result, dust contained in the outside air generates static electricity through contact and friction with the resin surface, so even fine dust is attracted to and collected by the vortex generation unit 4 and the flow velocity adjustment plate 42.

[0026] The filter group 5 removes dust and harmful components contained in the outside air. In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 5, the filter group 5 is located above the vortex generation unit 4 and consists of a pre-filter 51 that removes relatively large dust particles contained in the outside air, a HEPA filter 52 that removes relatively small dust particles contained in the outside air, and a chemical filter box 53 that removes harmful components contained in the outside air, arranged in this order from bottom to top.

[0027] As the pre-filter 51, a non-woven fabric coarse dust filter or the like can be used. Furthermore, a HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter is an air filter that, as specified in the JIS standard (Japanese Industrial Standards), has a particle collection efficiency of 99.97% or more for particles with a diameter of 0.3 μm at the rated airflow rate, and has an initial pressure loss of 245 Pa or less.

[0028] The chemical filter box 53 is box-shaped and contains multiple activated carbon filters impregnated with metal components (zinc, copper, tin, etc.) that neutralize harmful components. In this invention, harmful components include all components harmful to the human body, such as toxic chemical substances, biological weapons such as bacteria and viruses, and radioactive materials.

[0029] The configuration of filter group 5 is not limited to the three types of filters described above, and any filter capable of removing dust and harmful components may be used as appropriate. Furthermore, the direction in which the filter group 5 is arranged is not limited to from bottom to top, but can be arranged along the suction direction of the suction means 3. In addition, the position of the filter group 5 should be located downstream of the vortex generation unit 4 in the suction direction. This allows dust and harmful components to be removed by passing the outside air, which has been turned into a vortex by the vortex generation unit 4, through it.

[0030] Furthermore, in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, airtight packing 54 is provided between the upper end surface of the pre-filter 51 and the lower end surface of the HEPA filter 52, and between the upper end surface of the HEPA filter 52 and the lower end surface of the chemical filter box 53 to maintain airtightness. This prevents dust and harmful components contained in the outside air from leaking out and can be removed by the filter group 5.

[0031] In this embodiment, as described above, the suction direction of the suction means 3 is from bottom to top. Therefore, if one attempts to set the uppermost chemical filter box 53 into the narrow airtight chamber 2 using only hand strength, it is difficult to accurately position it in the desired location due to its considerable weight. On the other hand, dragging the chemical filter box 53 over the airtight packing 54 provided on the upper surface of the HEPA filter 52 risks damaging the airtight packing 54.

[0032] Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to easily and quickly set the chemical filter box 53 without damaging the airtight packing 54, a pair of slide guides 55, 55 are provided on both sides of the chemical filter box 53, as shown in Figures 1, 3, and 8, and a pair of guide receivers 56, 56 that allow each of the slide guides 55 to slide are provided on the inner surface of the airtight chamber 2.

[0033] As shown in Figure 8, the tip of the slide guide 55 is provided with a sliding projection 55a that slides against the sliding surface of the guide receiver 56 while maintaining a height position in which the lower end surface of the chemical filter box 53 does not come into contact with the airtight packing 54. On the other hand, as shown in Figure 8, the tip of the guide receiver 56 is provided with a recess 56a that lowers the lower end surface of the chemical filter box 53 to a height position in close contact with the airtight packing 54 when the sliding projection 55a is fitted into it. Furthermore, the sliding projection 55a and the recess 56a are inclined downward toward the back, allowing the chemical filter box 53 to be smoothly lowered to the set position.

[0034] Furthermore, in this embodiment, as a configuration to position the chemical filter box 53 in the correct set position and prevent misalignment, a stopper projection 55b is provided at the rear end of the slide guide 55, as shown in Figure 8, to prevent sliding with the guide receiver 56. On the other hand, a stopper recess 56b is provided at the rear end of the guide receiver 56, which can be fitted with the stopper projection 55b when the chemical filter box 53 is set in the correct set position.

[0035] Next, the operation of the emergency ventilation device 1 of this embodiment will be described.

[0036] When using the emergency ventilation device 1 of this embodiment, first, the flow velocity adjustment plate 42 is swung as needed and fixed at the desired angle. As a result, the opening area of ​​the inlet 22 is narrowed, the flow velocity of the outside air increases, and the centrifugal force acting on the dust in the outside air increases. Furthermore, as the centrifugal force increases, even fine dust can be collected, and the collection rate in the vortex generation unit 4 improves. Therefore, dust can be collected sufficiently and efficiently even with a low-output drive motor 32.

[0037] Next, the filter group 5 is set inside the airtight chamber 2. Specifically, as shown in Figures 1, 3, and 5, the pre-filter 51, airtight packing 54, HEPA filter 52, and airtight packing 54 are stacked in that order above the downstream side of the vortex generation unit 4, and then the chemical filter box 53 is placed on top of them.

[0038] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 8(a), after placing the sliding projections 55a of the slide guides 55 provided on both sides of the chemical filter box 53 on the sliding surface of the guide receiver 56, simply pushing the chemical filter box 53 in will cause it to slide inward while maintaining a height position where its lower end surface does not come into contact with the airtight packing 54. As a result, the heavy chemical filter box 53 can be moved to the set position easily and quickly without damaging the airtight packing 54.

[0039] Subsequently, as shown in Figure 8(b), when the inclined surface of the sliding projection 55a slides down along the inclined surface of the fitting recess 56a, as shown in Figure 8(c), the sliding projection 55a is fitted into the fitting recess 56a, causing the lower end surface of the chemical filter box 53 to descend to a height position where it is in close contact with the airtight packing 54. This ensures that the chemical filter box 53 is accurately set in the set position.

[0040] Furthermore, in this embodiment, when the chemical filter box 53 is slid to the set position, the stopper projection 55b of the slide guide 55 fits into the stopper recess 56b of the guide receiver 56, as shown in Figure 8(c). As a result, the chemical filter box 53 is accurately positioned at the set position and does not shift from the set position even when subjected to external forces.

[0041] Next, the drive motor 32, which constitutes the suction means 3, drives the turbo blower 31. As a result, the turbo blower 31 draws in outside air from the airtight chamber 2 through the piping 23a to the suction port 23, creating a negative pressure, and outside air is drawn in through the inlet 22 from the emergency ventilation port 24. Furthermore, by creating a negative pressure throughout the entire inflow path into the airtight chamber 2, it is prevented from the outside air being filtered and spreading into the evacuation space.

[0042] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a normal ventilation opening 25 is provided separately from the emergency ventilation opening 24. By making it visually distinguishable, such as by capping the one not in use, it is possible to prevent accidental operation of normal ventilation instead of emergency ventilation. When performing normal ventilation, the turbo blower 31 is driven with the emergency ventilation opening 24 capped. As a result, outside air drawn in from the normal ventilation opening 25 is supplied to the evacuation space from the discharge port 31a of the turbo blower 31 for ventilation.

[0043] When outside air is drawn into the airtight chamber 2, as shown in Figure 6, the inner surface 41 of the vortex generation unit 4 causes the outside air to swirl at high speed, generating a vortex. As a result, dust contained in the outside air is separated by centrifugal force and falls along the inner surface 41, being collected in advance. Therefore, the amount of dust filtered by the downstream filter group 5 is reduced, making clogging less likely. Thus, it is suitable for situations where a large amount of dust is generated or when ventilating a large evacuation space.

[0044] Furthermore, the vortex generation unit 4 generates vortices in the outside air, allowing outside air to pass through the entire surface of the pre-filter 51 located downstream. As a result, dust contained in the outside air is dispersed and filtered evenly in the pre-filter 51 without accumulating in one place (near the center), thus suppressing a decrease in the filter's removal performance and extending the filter's lifespan.

[0045] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the vortex generation unit 4 and the flow velocity adjustment plate 42 come into contact with the outside air through surfaces made of resin material, generating static electricity through contact and friction with dust contained in the outside air. As a result, fine dust particles are attracted to and collected by the inner circumferential surface 41 and the flow velocity adjustment plate 42 due to the action of this static electricity, thereby improving removal performance.

[0046] Subsequently, in the filter group 5 located downstream of the vortex generation unit 4, first, the pre-filter 51 removes relatively large dust particles from the outside air. Next, the HEPA filter 52 removes relatively small dust particles from the outside air. Furthermore, the chemical filter box 53 removes harmful components from the outside air. Due to the characteristic functions of each of these filters, dust and harmful components from the outside air are properly removed, and clean and harmless outside air is supplied to the evacuation space for ventilation.

[0047] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a chemical filter box 53 using an activated carbon filter is employed, so the fine pores of the activated carbon adsorb odor molecules contained in the outside air. Therefore, it not only purifies and neutralizes the outside air but also has an odor-deodorizing effect, making it possible to deodorize evacuation spaces where malodors have increased due to prolonged evacuation life or a large number of evacuees.

[0048] The emergency ventilation device 1 of this embodiment, as described above, provides the following effects. 1. This helps to suppress the deterioration of the filter's removal performance and extends the lifespan of the filter. 2. It can reliably remove dust and harmful components contained in the outside air. 3. The chemical filter box 53 can be easily and quickly installed without damaging the airtight packing 54. 4. The chemical filter box 53 can be positioned in the correct set position, preventing misalignment. 5. Even with a low-output drive motor 32, dust can be collected sufficiently and efficiently. 6. By generating static electricity in the vortex generation unit 4 and the flow velocity adjustment plate 42, the performance of removing fine dust can be improved. 7. This prevents accidental misuse of normal ventilation versus emergency ventilation.

[0049] Next, specific embodiments of the emergency ventilation device 1 according to the present invention will be described. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the features shown in the following embodiments. [Examples]

[0050] In this embodiment 1, an experiment was conducted to confirm the relationship between the flow velocity of outside air flowing in from the inlet 22, the dust collection efficiency in the vortex generation unit 4, and the particle size of the dust collected in the vortex generation unit 4 in the emergency ventilation device 1 of this embodiment.

[0051] Specifically, in the emergency ventilation device 1 with the inner peripheral surface 41 having a diameter of 430 mm and the inlet 22 having a diameter of 90 mm, the opening area of the inlet 22 is not adjusted (0.00636 m 2 , , , 2 , , 2 ,

[0054] ,

[0053] , , ), 1 / 2 (0.00318 m 2 ), 1 / 3 (0.00212 m 2 ), 1 / 4 (0.00159 m 2 ) are set to four types, and the outside air is allowed to flow in at 150 m 3 / h by the suction means 4. Then, at each opening area, the results of measuring the inflow velocity of the outside air, the particle diameter of the dust collected in the vortex generation part 4, and the collection rate are shown in FIG. 9.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 9, when the opening area of the inlet 22 is not adjusted (0.00636 m 2 ), the flow velocity is 6.55 m / s, the particle diameter of the dust collected in the vortex generation part 4 is 32.7 μm, and the collection rate of the dust in the vortex generation part 4 is 70 - 90%. On the other hand, when the opening area is narrowed to 1 / 2 (0.00318 m 2 ), the flow velocity rises to 13.1 m / s, the particle diameter of the dust collected in the vortex generation part 4 is reduced to 23.1 μm, and the collection rate of the dust in the vortex generation part 4 is improved to 80 - 95%.

[0053] Also, when the opening area is narrowed to 1 / 3 (0.00318 m 2 ), the flow velocity rises to 19.68 m / s, the particle diameter of the dust collected in the vortex generation part 4 is reduced to 18.9 μm, and the collection rate of the dust in the vortex generation part 4 is improved to over 90%. Furthermore, when the opening area is narrowed to 1 / 4 (0.00159 m 2 ), the flow velocity becomes 26.23 m / s, the particle diameter of the dust collected in the vortex generation part 4 is reduced to 16.3 μm, and the collection rate of the dust in the vortex generation part 4 is improved to over 95%. ​​​​

[0055] Furthermore, the emergency ventilation device 1 according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and can be modified as appropriate.

[0056] For example, in the embodiment described above, a configuration was described in which only the emergency ventilation opening 24 is opened when performing emergency ventilation, and only the normal ventilation opening 25 is opened when performing normal ventilation. However, the configuration is not limited to this. For example, when performing normal ventilation, both the emergency ventilation opening 24 and the normal ventilation opening 25 may be opened to deodorize the evacuation space while ventilating. [Explanation of symbols]

[0057] 1. Emergency ventilation system 11 cabinets 12 Outer door 2. Airtight chamber 21 Inner door 22 Inlet 22a Piping 23 Suction port 23a Piping 24 Emergency ventilation opening 25 Ventilation opening for normal use 3 Suction means 31 Turbo Blower 31a Discharge port 32 Drive motor 33 Manual handle 4 Eddy current generation part 41 Inner surface 42 Flow velocity adjustment plate 5 filter groups 51 Pre-filter 52 HEPA filters 53 Chemical filter box 54 Airtight gasket 55 Slide Guide 55a Sliding protrusion 55b Stopper protrusion 56 Guide receiver 56a Recess 56b Stopper recess

Claims

1. An emergency ventilation system for ventilating an evacuation space during an emergency, An airtight chamber having airtightness, A suction means that draws in outside air from an inlet provided on one end of the airtight chamber and discharges outside air from a suction port provided on the other end of the airtight chamber, A vortex generation unit is provided at one end of the airtight chamber and generates a vortex in the outside air by an inner circumferential surface formed in an arc shape along the inflow direction of the inlet, A group of filters is provided downstream of the vortex generation section along the central axis of the arc constituting the inner circumferential surface, allowing the vortex-shaped outside air to pass through and remove dust and harmful components. It has, An emergency ventilation device in which the suction direction by the suction means coincides with the direction along the central axis of the arc constituting the inner circumferential surface.

2. The inlet is provided on the lower end side of the airtight chamber, The aforementioned suction port is provided on the upper surface of the airtight chamber, The outside air drawn in from the inlet by the suction means, After the vortex is generated by the aforementioned vortex generation unit, which causes a vortex to form around a central axis in a substantially vertical direction, It is drawn in approximately vertically upward, passes through the filter group, and is discharged from the suction port. The emergency ventilation device according to claim 1.

3. An emergency ventilation opening is connected to the piping provided at the aforementioned inlet and used for emergency ventilation, A ventilation port for normal use, which is connected to the piping that connects the suction port and the suction means, It has, When performing normal ventilation, both the emergency ventilation opening and the normal ventilation opening are opened to deodorize the evacuation space while ventilating. An emergency ventilation device according to claim 1 or claim 2.

Images