Compounds and formulations for protective coatings

Abstract

Providing compounds and formulations for protective coatings. [Solution] A composition for forming a protective coating may comprise a first group of compounds, each compound in the first group being a fatty acid, fatty acid ester, or fatty acid salt having a carbon chain length of at least 14 carbon atoms. The composition may optionally comprise a second group of compounds selected from fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts, and combinations thereof, each compound in the second group having a carbon chain length of 7 to 13 carbon atoms. At least some of the compounds in the first group can function as emulsifiers, allowing the composition to be dissolved, suspended, or dispersed in a solvent. At least some of the compounds in the second group can function as wetting agents to improve surface wetting of the article to be coated when the solution, suspension, or colloid containing the composition is applied to the article.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Description of related applications This application is based on U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 727,501, filed on September 5, 2018. U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 728,702, filed on September 7, 2018, and 2019 Claiming the interests of U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 427,219, filed on May 30, these All of the above are incorporated herein for all purposes.

[0002] This specification describes compounds and formulations for forming protective coatings. This refers to objects, as well as methods for making and using them. [Background technology]

[0003] Common agricultural products are susceptible to decomposition and decay (i.e., rot) when exposed to the environment. It becomes easier to eat. Such agricultural products include, for example, eggs, fruits, vegetables, produce, seeds, and nuts. This may include flowers and / or whole plants (including their processed and semi-processed forms). Edible non-agricultural products (e.g., vitamins, candy, etc.) are also exposed to the surrounding environment. This makes them easier to decompose. The decomposition of agricultural products and other food products is due to the release of waste from the surface of the product into the atmosphere. Moisture loss due to evaporation, oxidation by oxygen diffusing from the environment into the product, mechanical damage to the surface, and / or by abiotic means as a result of photo-induced degradation (i.e., photodegradation) This can occur due to biological stress such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and / or pests. Stress factors can also penetrate the product and cause corrosion.

[0004] The cells that form the aerial surface of most plants (such as higher plants) are outer covering or cue cells. It includes tickle, which is a plant species and plant organ (e.g., fruit, seed, bark, flower, leaf, Depending on the stem, etc., water loss, oxidation, mechanical damage, photodegradation, and / or biological stress can occur. It provides varying degrees of protection against stinging factors. It is made from biopolyesters derived from cellular lipids. Certain cutin forms the main structural component of the cuticle and is affected by environmental stressors (non-living) It protects plants from both physical and biological threats. The thickness and density of cutin, as well as Composition (i.e., different types of monomers that make up cutchin and their relative ratios) This is due to differences between plant species, between plant organs within the same or different plant species, and between plant maturation. It can vary depending on the stage. The cutin-containing portion of plants may contain additional compounds (e.g.) For example, cuticle waxes, phenols, antioxidants, coloring compounds, proteins, and polysaccharides. (etc.) Among a given plant species, plant organ, and / or at different stages of maturity. These variations in cuticin composition, as well as in the thickness and density of the cuticin layer, are in response to environmental stress. Attacks caused by factors (i.e., water loss, oxidation, mechanical damage, and light) and / or biological factors Plant species or plants against specific stressors (e.g., fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, etc.) This can lead to varying degrees of resistance between physical organs.

[0005] Traditional approaches to preventing decomposition, maintaining quality, and extending the shelf life of agricultural products include, This may involve separate packaging and / or refrigeration. Refrigeration requires capital-intensive equipment and certain Energy consumption is required and, if not carefully controlled, can damage or impair the quality of the product. It can cause a decrease and needs to be actively managed, and its advantage is temperature control. If the supply chain is interrupted, it will be lost. Mass loss (e.g., moisture loss) occurs during storage. When this occurs, humidity increases, which can lead to adverse effects during storage (e.g., condensation, microbial growth, etc.). To do this, the relative humidity level must be carefully maintained (for example, by using a capacitor). Furthermore, the respiration of agricultural products is an exothermic process that releases heat into the surrounding atmosphere. During transport and storage in containers, heat is generated by the respiration of agricultural products, as well as the external environment. The heat generated from conditions and mechanical processes (e.g., motors) is suitable for storage at an appropriate temperature. Maintaining this requires active cooling of the storage containers, which is a major concern for transportation companies. It is a key cost factor. It reduces the rate of decomposition and the generation of heat during storage and transport. By enabling this and extending the shelf life of agricultural products, key stakeholders throughout the supply chain There is a direct value in it.

[0006] It prevents decomposition, reduces heat and humidity generation, maintains quality, and extends the shelf life of agricultural products. A new, more cost-effective approach is needed for this purpose. It may require little to no refrigeration or special packaging. [Overview of the project]

[0007] Compositions and formulations for forming protective coatings, and for manufacturing them. The method of use is described herein. The composition may contain the first group of compounds. Each compound in the first group is selected from fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and fatty acid salts, and the first Each compound in this group has a carbon chain length of at least 14 carbons. The composition also contains fatty acids. A second group of compounds selected from fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts, and combinations thereof. It may include, and each compound in the second group has a carbon chain length of 7 to 13 carbons. At least some of the compounds in this group (e.g., fatty acid salts) function as emulsifiers. The composition can be dissolved, suspended, or dispersed in a solvent. At least some of the compounds are present in the solution, suspension, or colloid containing the composition. When applied to an item, a wetting agent is used to improve the surface wetting of the article being coated. It can function as follows: It has a carbon chain length of less than 14 (e.g., 7 to 13 carbon atoms). Fatty acid salts can also (or alternatively) function as emulsifiers, transferring the composition to a solvent. It can be dissolved, suspended, or dispersed.

[0008] Therefore, in the first embodiment, the composition is a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid salt, and One of the group consisting of those combinations, ranging from approximately 50% to approximately 99.9% by mass. The above first compounds may be included, and each of the one or more first compounds may contain at least one It has a carbon chain length of 4. The composition is fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts, and their One or more second components, selected from the group consisting of combinations, in an amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 35% by mass. The compound may further include one or more second compounds, each of which has a range of 7 to 13 It has a carbon chain length.

[0009] In a second embodiment, the composition comprises fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and combinations thereof. It contains one or more first compounds selected from the group, in an amount of approximately 50% to 99.8% by mass. It is possible to have each compound of the first group have a carbon chain length of at least 14. The composition is The composition may further contain one or more wetting agents in an amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 35% by mass. It may further contain one or more fatty acid salts in an amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 25% by mass, and each fat The salt acid has a carbon chain length of at least 14.

[0010] In a third embodiment, the composition comprises about 50% to about 99.8% by mass of the first group of compounds. This is possible, and each compound in the first group is a compound of formula I having a carbon chain length of at least 14 carbons. Yes, formula I is as defined throughout. The composition is approximately 0.1% by mass. It may further contain 35% by mass of a second group of compounds, each of which is present in 7-13 It is a compound of formula I having a carbon chain in the range of [range]. The composition is approximately 0.1% to approximately 25% by mass. The third group of compounds may further include a compound of formula II. It is a salt. For the first and second groups of compounds, R is -H, -glyceryl, -C1- C6 alkyl, -C2-C6 alkenyl, -C2-C6 alkynyl, -C3-C7 cyclo You can choose from alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, and each alkyl, aryl Kenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl elements, halogens, Hydroxyl, Nitro, -CN, -NH2, -SH, -SR 15 , -OR 14 , -NR 1 4 R 15 -C1-C6 alkyl, -C2-C6 alkenyl, or -C2-C6 alkyl It is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from nyl. For the third group of compounds, X This can be a cationic moiety.

[0011] In the fourth aspect, the composition has a carbon chain length of at least 14 carbon atoms, and is approximately 50% to approximately 9% by mass. 9% by mass of one or more fatty acid esters and about 1 mass of a substance having a carbon chain length of at least 14 carbon atoms. It may contain one or more fatty acid salts in an amount of approximately 50% by mass.

[0012] In the fifth aspect, the composition is (i) 50% to 99% by mass of the first group of compounds , each compound in the first group is a compound of formula I, and (ii) 1% by mass~ A second group of compounds comprising 50% by mass, wherein each compound in the second group is a compound of formula II or formula III. It can include a second group of compounds, which are salts, and formulas I, II, and III are the whole. It is as defined throughout.

[0013] In the sixth aspect, the mixture (e.g., a solution, suspension, or colloid) is composed of the solvent. It may contain substances, and the composition is (i) 50% to 99% by mass of the first group of compounds. Therefore, each compound in the first group is a compound of formula I, and (ii) 1% by mass A second group of compounds comprising approximately 50% by mass, wherein each compound in the second group is a compound of formula II or formula III The second group of compounds, which are salts of , are included, and formulas I, II, and III are defined throughout. It is as stated.

[0014] Any of the compositions or mixtures described herein possess one or more of the following characteristics. , may be included alone or in combination. The second compound or wetting agent is 8, 10 It can have a carbon chain length of 11 or 12. Any of the compounds in the composition is of formula I It may be a compound of the cationic part. The cationic part may be an organic ion or an inorganic ion. The on-positive portion may contain sodium. Each of the one or more second compounds is wet It may be an agent. One or more first compounds are monoacylglycerides and / or fatty acids. It may contain salt. Fatty acid esters may include monacylglycerides. Fatty acids The mass ratio of esters (e.g., monoacylglycerides) to fatty acid salts is approximately 2 to 100. The mass of the first group of compounds and the second group of compounds can be in the range of approximately 2 to 99. The ratio may be in the range of 2 to 99 or 2 to 100. The composition contains less than 10% by mass of digly. It may contain cerides. The composition may contain less than 10% by mass of triglycerides. Each compound in the first and / or second group has a carbon chain length of at least 14. This is possible. In formula I, R can be -glyceryl. The second group of compounds is SA-Na. It may contain PA-Na, MA-Na, SA-K, PA-K, or MA-K. The composition consists of a first group of compounds in an amount of 70% to 99% by mass, and a second group in an amount of 1% to 30% by mass. The compound group may include the following. The solvent may be water or at least 50 volumes. It may be % or at least 70% by volume of water. The concentration of the composition in the mixture is 0.5 to 2 It may be in the range of 00 mg / mL. The first group of compounds is [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] It may contain one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the following:

[0015] In another embodiment, the mixture (e.g., a solution, suspension, or colloid) is in the solvent of this specification. It may contain any of the compositions described in the book (for example, a suspension dissolved in a solvent). (to be dispersed or dispersed). Any of the mixtures described herein have the following characteristics It may contain one or more of the following. The solvent is at least about 7% of the carnauba wax. It can be characterized by having a contact angle of 0 degrees. The solvent may be water, or It may be at least 70% by volume of water. The solvent may include ethanol. It may contain water and ethanol. The mixture may contain, for example, citric acid. It may contain an agent. The concentration of the composition in the mixture is in the range of 0.5 to 200 mg / mL. It is possible. The concentration of the wetting agent in the mixture could be at least about 0.1 mg / mL.

[0016] In another embodiment, the method for forming the mixture is to place it on the surface of carnauba wax. At least approximately 70° (for example, at least approximately 75°, at least approximately 80°, and at least... The present invention provides a solvent that exhibits a contact angle of approximately 85°, or at least approximately 90°. This may include adding the composition to a solvent to form a mixture. This may further include: The composition may consist of one or more fatty acids or salts thereof It may contain esters and / or chemicals of formula I, formula II, and / or formula III. It may contain a compound. When the resulting mixture is placed on carnauba wax... Less than approximately 85° (for example, less than approximately 80°, less than approximately 75°, less than approximately 70°, or less than approximately 65°) It is characterized by exhibiting a full contact angle. The antennae are smaller than the contact angle of the solvent on the carnauba wax (before the composition was added). Optionally, at least one of the fatty acids of the composition or their salts or esters It may have a carbon chain length of 13 or less. Optionally, the fatty acids of the composition or their At least one of the salts or esters may have a carbon chain length of 14 or more. In essence, the solvent may be water, or at least 70% by volume of water.

[0017] In another embodiment, a method for forming a protective coating on a substrate (e.g., agricultural products) is to mix This includes applying a substance (e.g., a solution, suspension, or colloid) to the surface of a substrate. The mixture contains the composition in the solvent. This method removes the solvent from the surface of the substrate. This further includes forming a protective coating from the composition on the surface of the substrate. The composition may contain compounds of formula I, formula II, and / or formula III. Formulas I, II, and III are as described throughout. For example, The product consists of (i) a first group of compounds in an amount of 50% to 99% by mass, and each compound of the first group However, the first group of compounds is the compound of formula I, and (ii) the second group is 1% to 50% by mass. A group of compounds in which each compound of the second group is a salt of formula II or formula III. It can contain a group of objects. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0018] [Figure 1] This plot shows the daily mass loss rate of finger limes coated with 1-glyceryl and 2-glyceryl palmitate esters. [Figure 2] The plot shows the mass loss coefficients of avocados coated with combinations of 1-glyceryl and 2-glyceryl esters of palmitic acid, stearic acid, and myristic acid. [Figure 3]The plots of mass loss coefficients for avocados coated with a combination of fatty acids (MA, PA, and SA) and glyceryl esters of fatty acids (MA-1G, PA-1G, and SA-1G) are shown. [Figure 4] The plot shows the mass loss coefficients of avocados coated with a combination of palmitic acid, stearic acid, and myristic acid 1-glyceryl esters. [Figure 5] This is a high-resolution photograph of an avocado treated with a mixture of 1-glyceryl ester of undecanoic acid suspended in water. [Figure 6] This is a plot of the percentage mass loss of both treated and untreated blueberries over a 5-day period. [Figure 7] The plot shows the mass loss coefficients of lemons treated with various concentrations of SA-1G and SA-Na (mass ratio 4:1) suspended in water. [Figure 8] This plot shows the mass loss coefficient of lemons treated with a mixture containing various coating agents suspended in water. [Figure 9] This is a high-resolution photograph of avocados treated with a mixture containing combinations of medium-chain and long-chain fatty acid esters / salts suspended in water. [Figure 10] This graph shows the contact angles of various mixtures on the surface of an unwaxed lemon. [Figure 11] This graph shows the contact angles of various mixtures on the surface of an unwaxed lemon. [Figure 12] The graphs show the contact angles of various solvents and mixtures on the surfaces of unwaxed lemon, candelilla wax, and carnauba wax. [Figure 13] The plot shows the mass loss coefficient of avocados treated with mixtures containing various combinations of medium-chain and long-chain fatty acid esters / salts suspended in water. [Figure 14] The plot shows the mass loss coefficients of cherries treated with mixtures containing various combinations of medium-chain and long-chain fatty acid esters / salts suspended in water. [Figure 15] Plots of the one - day average mass loss rate of finger lime treated with mixtures containing various combinations of medium - chain and long - chain fatty acid esters / salts suspended in water are shown. [Figure 16] Graphs of the contact angles of various solvents and mixtures on the surface of paraffin wax are shown. [Figure 17] The contact angle of a droplet on a solid surface is shown. [Figure 18] Plots of the one - day average mass loss rate of avocado treated with mixtures containing various combinations of fatty acid esters and fatty acid salts suspended in water are shown. [Figure 19] Plots of the one - day average mass loss rate of avocado treated with mixtures containing various combinations of fatty acid esters and emulsifiers suspended in water are shown. [Figure 20] Plots of the mass loss coefficient of avocado treated with mixtures containing various combinations of fatty acid esters and emulsifiers suspended in water at various concentrations are shown. [Figure 21] Plots of the respiration coefficient of avocado treated with mixtures containing various combinations of fatty acid esters and emulsifiers suspended in water at various concentrations are shown. [Figure 22] Representative images of droplets of mixtures containing combinations of fatty acid esters and fatty acid salts on a surface are shown. [Figure 23] Representative images of droplets of mixtures containing combinations of fatty acid esters and sodium lauryl sulfate on a surface are shown. [Figure 24] The source of heat generation or conduction within a transport container is shown. [Figure 25] The average temperature of stacks of boxes of untreated avocado and avocado coated with a mixture of fatty acid esters and fatty acid salts in different orientations after removal from a storage location at 10 °C is shown.

[0019] Definition As used herein, the term "plant material" means, for example, fruits (fruit skins and (in the botanical sense including juice vesicles), vegetables, leaves, stems, bark, seeds, flowers, skins, or roots refers to any part of a plant. Plant material includes the plant or a part thereof before harvest, as well as the plant or a part thereof after harvest, and includes, for example, harvested fruits and vegetables, harvested roots and berries, and picked flowers.

[0020] As used herein, "coating agent" refers to a composition comprising a compound or group of compounds capable of forming a protective coating.

[0021] As used herein, the term "contact angle" of a liquid on a solid surface refers to the angle of the outer surface of a droplet of the liquid measured at the location where the gas-liquid interface contacts the liquid-solid interface. For example, as shown in FIG. 17, the angle θ defines the contact angle of the droplet 1701 on the surface of the solid 1702. C The contact angle quantifies the wettability of the solid surface by the liquid.

[0022] As used herein, the terms "wetting agent" or "surfactant" each refer to a compound that, when added to a solvent, suspension, colloid, or solution, reduces the difference in surface energy between the solvent / suspension / colloid / solution and the solid surface on which the solvent / suspension / colloid / solution is disposed.

[0023] As used herein, the "carbon chain length" of a fatty acid or its salt or ester refers to the number of carbon atoms in the chain including the carbonyl carbon.

[0024] As used herein, "long-chain fatty acid", "long-chain fatty acid ester", or "long-chain fatty acid salt" each refer to a fatty acid, fatty acid ester, or fatty acid salt having a carbon chain length greater than 13 (i.e., at least 14) This refers to fatty acids or their esters or salts.

[0025] As used herein, the terms "medium-chain fatty acid," "medium-chain fatty acid ester," or "medium-chain" are used. "Fatty acid salts" are fats whose carbon chain length is in the range of 7 to 13 (including 7 and 13). This refers to an acid, or its ester or salt.

[0026] As used herein, “cationic counterion” refers to a negatively charged ion. It is any positively charged organic or inorganic ion. Examples of cationic counterions include: For example, it contains sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

[0027] As used herein, “cationic moiety” refers to any positively charged organic or inorganic substance. It is an ion.

[0028] The following abbreviations are used throughout: Hexadecanoic acid (i.e., palmitic acid) is abbreviated as "P It is abbreviated as "A". Octadecanoic acid (i.e., stearic acid) is abbreviated as "SA". Tetradecanoic acid (i.e., myristic acid) is abbreviated as "MA". (9Z)-Octanoic acid Decenoic acid (i.e., oleic acid) is abbreviated as "OA". Dodecanoic acid (for example, lau Phosphate is abbreviated as "LA". Undecanoic acid (for example, undecylic acid) is abbreviated as "UA". It is abbreviated as such. Decanoic acid (for example, capric acid) is abbreviated as "CA". 1,3-dihydrogen Roxypropane-2-yl palmitate (i.e., 2-glyceryl palmitate) is Abbreviated as "PA-2G". 1,3-Dihydroxypropane-2-yloctadecanoA 1,3- (i.e., 2-glyceryl stearate) is abbreviated as "SA-2G". Dihydroxypropan-2-yl tetradecanoate (i.e., 2-glyceryl myristate) is abbreviated as "MA-2G". 1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-yl (9Z)- octadecenoate (i.e., 2-glyceryl oleate) is abbreviated as "OA-2G". 2,3-Dihydroxypropan-1-yl palmitate (i.e., 1-glyceryl palmitate) is abbreviated as "PA-1G". 2,3-Dihydroxypropan-1-yl octadecanoate (i.e., 1-glyceryl stearate) is abbreviated as "SA-1G" ". 2,3-Dihydroxypropan-1-yl tetradecanoate (i.e., 1-glyceryl myristate) is abbreviated as "MA-1G". 2,3-Dihydroxy propan-1-yl (9Z)-octadecenoate (i.e., 1-glyceryl oleate) is abbreviated as "OA-1G". 2,3-Dihydroxypropan-1-yl dodecanoate (i.e., 1-glyceryl laurate) is abbreviated as "LA-1G". 2,3-Dihydroxypropan-1-yl undecanoate (i.e., 1-glyceryl undecanoate) is abbreviated as "UA-1G". 2,3-Dihydroxypropan-1-yl decanoate (i.e., 1-glyceryl caprate) is abbreviated as "CA-1G". The sodium salt of stearic acid is abbreviated as "SA-Na". The sodium salt of myristic acid is abbreviated as "MA-Na". The sodium salt of palmitic acid is abbreviated as "PA-Na". The potassium salt of stearic acid is abbreviated as "SA-K". The potassium salt of myristic acid is abbreviated as "MA-K". The potassium salt of palmitic acid is abbreviated as "PA-K". The calcium salt of stearic acid is abbreviated as "(SA)2-Ca". The calcium salt of myristic acid ​ Calcium salts are abbreviated as "(MA)2-Ca". The calcium salt of palmitic acid is " It is abbreviated as "(PA)2-Ca". The magnesium salt of stearic acid is "(SA)2-Mg It is abbreviated as ". The magnesium salt of myristic acid is abbreviated as "(MA)2-Mg". The magnesium salt of lumitic acid is abbreviated as "(PA)2-Mg".

[0029] As used herein, “substituted” or “substituent” means an atom or group of atoms that is different from another atom or group of atoms. This means that it is replaced by an atom or group of atoms. Exemplary substituents include halogens. Hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, Cycloalkenyl, formyl, acyl, ether, ester, keto, aryl, hetero This includes, but is not limited to, reels and the like.

[0030] As used herein, "mass loss rate" refers to the rate at which a product loses mass (for example) (By releasing water and other volatile compounds). The mass loss rate is typically, Let it be the percentage of the original mass per unit time (for example, the percentage per day). It is expressed as follows.

[0031] As used herein, the term "mass loss coefficient" means the coefficient of mass loss at a given time. The average mass loss rate of uncoated agricultural products (measured for the control group), corresponding to It is defined as the ratio to the average mass loss rate of coated agricultural products. Therefore, a larger mass loss coefficient is the average mass loss rate for coated agricultural products. To cope with a significant decrease.

[0032] As used herein, “breathing rate” refers to the rate at which a product releases CO2. More specifically, the amount of CO2 released per unit time per unit mass of the product This is the product (at standard temperature and pressure). The respiratory rate is typically ml CO2 / kg·hour. It is expressed as follows: The respiration rate of the product is measured in a sealed container of known volume equipped with a CO2 sensor. The product was placed inside the container, the CO2 concentration in the container was recorded as a function of time, and then measured. The measurement is performed by calculating the rate of CO2 required to obtain the concentration value. It is possible.

[0033] As used herein, the term “breathing coefficient” refers to uncoated agricultural products. The cumulative respiration of the product (measured for the control group) of the corresponding coated agricultural product It is defined as the ratio to cumulative respiration. Therefore, a larger respiration coefficient is a coating coefficient. This addresses a significant decrease in cumulative respiration for the agricultural products that have been processed. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0034] This specification describes the application of protective coatings to substrates such as plant materials, agricultural products, or food products. A composition in a solvent that can be used to form a coating (e.g., coating A solution, suspension, or colloid containing a protective agent. A protective coating is, for example, It can prevent moisture loss from the substrate, oxidation of the substrate, and / or bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It can protect (shield) the substrate from threats such as rust. It protects the substrate from physical damage (e.g., scratches) and light damage. Yes, it is possible. Therefore, coating agents, solutions / suspensions / colloids, and the formations made with them Using a special coating, agricultural products or other foods can be stored for extended periods without damage. It can assist in the coating and the coating on which they are formed. The refrigeration agent can help keep food fresh even without refrigeration. The coatings and coatings described herein may also be edible. (However, coating agents and coatings may be non-toxic to human consumption.) In some specific implementations, the solution / suspension / colloid is applied during the coating process. It contains a wetting agent or surfactant that helps to spread more effectively across the entire surface of the substrate, This improves the surface coverage and the overall performance of the resulting coating. In some specific implementations, the solubility of the coating agent in the solvent is determined by the solution / suspension / colloid. This improves the process and / or enables the suspension or dispersion of the coating agent in the solvent. Contains emulsifiers. The wetting agent and / or emulsifier are components of the coating agent, respectively. It can be added separately to a solution / suspension / colloid.

[0035] Plant materials (e.g., agricultural products) and other biodegradable articles may have a protective coating on the outer surface of the product. By forming a layer, it protects against degradation by biological or abiotic stressors. It is possible. The coating consists of the components of the coating (collectively referred to as "coating" in this specification). Add the "tinging agent" to a solvent (e.g., water and / or ethanol) to create a mixture (e.g., For example, to form a solution, suspension, or colloid, and to mix the product into the mixture. Coating by dipping or by spraying the mixture onto the surface of the product The product is coated onto the outer surface of the product to be produced, and then, for example, by evaporating the solvent, It can be formed by removing the solvent from the surface of the material, thereby the surface of the product A coating is formed on the surface from the coating agent. The coating agent is the resulting coating The coating provides a barrier against the movement of water and / or oxygen. It can be formulated to prevent moisture loss and / or oxidation from the processed product. The coating agent may, additionally or alternatively, result in a coating that is CO2, ethylene It can be formulated to provide a barrier against gas and / or other gas transfer. .

[0036] Long-chain fatty acids (e.g., palmitic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, and / or 1) Includes other fatty acids having a carbon chain length of more than 3 and / or their esters or salts. The coating agent must be safe for human consumption and, when used as a coating agent... This forms a coating that is effective in reducing mass loss and oxidation of various agricultural products. It is possible to do so. For example, palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid 1-Glyceryl ester (i.e., 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-yl palmite) (referred to as "PA-1G" in this specification), 2-glyceryl ester of palmitic acid (that is, , 1,3-dihydroxypropane-2-yl palmitate, referred to as "PA-2G" in this specification. "), 1-glyceryl ester of myristic acid (i.e., 2,3-dihydroxypropane 1-yltetradecanoate (referred to herein as "MA-1G"), 1- stearic acid Glyceryl ester (i.e., 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-yloctadeceno Et., (referred to herein as "SA-1G"), and / or other long-chain fatty acids or their salts. Coatings formed from coating agents containing various combinations of esters are , many kinds of agricultural products, such as finger limes, avocados, blueberries, and leek It has been shown to be effective in reducing the mass loss rate of Mon. Various coatings The following are specific examples of the effects of reducing the mass loss rate of various types of agricultural products. Provided in Examples 1-4.

[0037] Medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., having a carbon chain length in the range of 7 to 13) and / or their salts Esters may also be applied to agricultural products or other plant materials or agricultural products using the method described above. It can be used as a coating agent to form a coating. However, However, these compounds are typically found to damage agricultural products or plant materials. Typically, the reduction in mass loss rate is minimal or nonexistent. For example, 5 1-glyceryl ester of undecanoic acid suspended in water at a low concentration of mg / mL ( In other words, 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-ylundecanoate, as specified herein, "U When avocados are treated with a solution of "A-1G" (UA-1G has a carbon chain length of 11), As a result of skin damage caused by UA-1G, the avocado skin changes from virtually completely green to dense. It has been shown that it changes to have a black discoloration area of ​​a certain degree. As can be seen in Figure 5, a high-resolution photograph of one of 500 avocados after it was harvested, previously The avocado skin, which was green initially, exhibited numerous black discoloration areas 502 after treatment.

[0038] Generally, it prevents moisture loss or oxidation from coated substrates such as agricultural products. In the case of a coating formulated with seaweed, a thin coating formed from the same coating agent Compared to a thicker coating, a thicker coating has lower permeability to water and oxygen, therefore It is expected that this will result in a lower mass loss rate compared to a thinner coating. A thicker coating requires increasing the concentration of the coating agent in the solution / suspension / colloid. Then, apply a similar volume of solution / suspension / colloid to each of the (similarly sized) agricultural products. It can be formed by the following: the thickness of the coating on the harvested agricultural products The effect of increasing the amount is as follows: untreated blueberries (602), 10 dissolved in ethanol Blueberries treated with a first solution containing a coating agent compound in mg / mL (604 ), and a second solution containing 20 mg / mL of the coating agent compound dissolved in ethanol Percentage mass loss over 5 days in blueberries (606) treated with liquid This is demonstrated in Figure 6, which shows the lot. The coating agent in both the first and second solutions This consisted of approximately 75% by mass of PA-2G and approximately 25% by mass of PA-1G. The mass loss rate of blueberries decreased significantly as the coating thickness increased.

[0039] Long-chain fatty acids and / or their salts dissolved, suspended, or dispersed in a solvent For certain solutions / suspensions / colloids containing esters, the above method may be used to determine certain A protective coating formed on this type of agricultural product reduces the mass loss rate of the agricultural product. However, as with the blueberries mentioned above, as the thickness of the coating increases, This did not result in a lower mass loss rate. Instead, the mass loss rate in these cases was It was found that the levels were lower than for uncoated agricultural products, but even with a thin coating, the levels were still high. Even without this, the results were almost the same. For example, Figure 7 shows various concentrations of kohl suspended or dispersed in water. Treatment with a tinging agent (for example, SA-1G and SA-Na combined in a 4:1 mass ratio). The plot shows the mass loss coefficient of the treated lemons. Bar 702 is compared to the group of untreated lemons. It complies. Bar 704 is lemon with a coating agent concentration of 10 mg / mL in the solvent. Corresponds to the group. Bar 706 is a ref with a coating agent concentration of 20 mg / mL in the solvent. Corresponds to the Mon group. Bar 708 has a coating agent concentration of 30 mg / mL in the solvent. It corresponds to a certain group of lemons. Bar 710 has a concentration of coating agent in the solvent of 40 mg / This corresponds to the group of lemons in mL. Bar 712 has a concentration of coating agent in the solvent of 50 This corresponds to the lemon group with mg / mL. As shown in Figure 7, coated The mass loss coefficient of all lemons is greater than 1 (the coating reduces the mass loss rate) (Indicating that it was occurring), the mass loss rate was tested in the range of 10 mg / mL to 50 mg / mL. The results were almost the same at all tested coating agent concentrations, therefore, they do not change with concentration. It wasn't there.

[0040] Surprisingly, in many cases the mass loss rate did not change with the coating thickness. (As shown in Figure 7, the lemon) Before applying to agricultural products, a low concentration of medium-chain fatty acids and / or Add the salt or ester to the mixture (i.e., solution, suspension, or colloid). (For example, a concentration lower than the concentration of long-chain fatty acids and / or their salts or esters) By including them in the coating agent, or by adding them separately to the mixture. (By doing so), it was found that the mass loss rate increased with the thickness of the coating. Furthermore, in many of these cases, medium-chain fatty acids and / or their salts or esters are present. The mass loss rate obtained for coatings containing tel at low concentrations was medium-chain fatty acids and / or Compared to a coating formed from a coating agent lacking that salt or ester, Although the actual risk was low, otherwise it was the same, and surface damage to agricultural products in these cases remained. It was absent or minimal. These results, as shown in Figure 5, are related to medium-chain fatty acids. When acids and / or their salts or esters are applied individually in similar concentrations, agricultural products Considering the fact that it has been commonly found to cause damage to plants or other plant matter, It was particularly astonishing.

[0041] Low concentrations in coating solutions / suspensions / colloids containing long-chain fatty acids or their salts / esters. Figure 8 shows the beneficial effects of adding medium-chain fatty acids or their salts or esters. Figure 8 shows an untreated lemon (802) coated with long-chain fatty acid esters and fats. Lemons (804 and 806) treated with a suspension containing only salts, and coating The agent, in combination with high concentrations of long-chain fatty acid esters and fatty acid salts, contains low concentrations of medium-chain fatty acids. Lemons treated with a suspension containing an acid or its salt or ester (808 and 81 This is a graph showing the mass loss coefficient of 0). Specifically, bar 804 represents 1 suspended in water. Corresponds to lemons treated with 0 mg / mL of long-chain fatty acid esters / salt. Bar 806 is This corresponds to lemons treated with a 30 mg / mL long-chain fatty acid ester / salt solvent in water. -808 contains 10 mg / mL of long-chain fatty acid esters / salts and 5 mg / mL of medium-chain fatty acids in water. Corresponds to lemons treated with acid ester solvents. Bar 810 is 30 mg / mL in water. Lemons treated with long-chain fatty acid esters / salts and 5 mg / mL of medium-chain fatty acid ester solvent handle.

[0042] A coating agent containing only long-chain fatty acid salts and esters (804 and 806) When the lemons were treated, the average mass loss rate of the lemons decreased, but the coating agent in the mixture... When the concentration of the compound increases from 10 mg / mL (804) to 30 mg / mL (806) However, the mass loss coefficient did not increase substantially. When UA-1G (5 mg / mL) is added to each of the mixture, the mass loss coefficient is significantly It increased to 5 mg / mL medium-chain esters and 10 mg / mL long-chain fatty acid esters. When added to a mixture containing sterol / salt, it results in a loss of lemon mass due to the resulting coating. The loss coefficient increased from approximately 1.5 (bar 804) to approximately 1.9 (bar 808), exceeding 25%. This addresses the increase in the mass loss coefficient. 5 mg / mL of medium-chain esters is compared to 30 mg / mL of long-chain lipids. When added to a mixture containing fatty acid esters / salts, the resulting coating of lemon The mass loss coefficient increased from approximately 1.7 (bar 806) to approximately 2.6 (bar 810), resulting in a 50% reduction. To accommodate the increase in the mass loss coefficient that exceeds the limit. The mass loss coefficient of lemon corresponding to bar 810 is: In reality, long-chain fatty acids in a solution to which medium-chain fatty acids or their salts / esters have not been added The mass loss coefficient of the group of lemons coated with either sterl or salt concentration is more substantial than the mass loss coefficient of the group of lemons coated with either sterl or salt. It was a big hit.

[0043] Figure 9 shows the same mixture (water) used to treat the lemons in Bar 810 in Figure 8. Suspended with 5 mg / mL UA-1G + 30 mg / mL long-chain fatty acid ester / salt This is a high-resolution photograph of a processed avocado. Before processing, the avocado skin was virtually perfect. It was green (not shown). As can be seen in Figure 9, after processing, the avocado skin was almost It is still green, and the density of the black discolored areas 902 is very small, indicating that the treatment is effective against avocados. This indicates that it caused almost no skin damage. In contrast, as shown in Figure 5. Avocado contains the same concentration of UA-1G (5 mg / mL) as water, but long-chain fatty acid esters When treated with a salt-free solution, it showed extensive skin damage.

[0044] I don't want to be bound by theory, but a mixture lacking medium-chain fatty acids or their salts / esters. Many (i.e., solutions, suspensions, or colloids) have surface energy on the surface of agricultural products. The difference in surface energy of the mixtures compared to the surface energy of the entire surface of the agricultural product to which they are applied. It is thought that they were not sufficiently wet. As a result, the mixture formed from these materials The coating did not completely cover the surface of the agricultural products. Therefore, mass loss occurred due to the coating. Moisture loss from the coating openings is dominant, and even increasing the coating thickness does not improve the situation. No adverse effects were observed. Therefore, in cases where this effect is expected to occur (for example, Figure 7) In lemons coated with a water-based solution, the mass loss rate is Increasing the thickness of the coating resulted in relatively little impact.

[0045] Furthermore, the medium-chain fatty acids added to the mixture act as surfactants / wetting agents, and in agricultural products... The addition of wetting agents is thought to reduce the contact angle of the mixture on the surface of agricultural products. The coating of the above mixture is improved, thereby resulting in a substantially continuous coating across the entire surface. It was thought that this would make it possible to form a coating. As a result, the coated agricultural products The mass loss rate was found to decrease as the coating thickness increased, and the overall quality The rate of volume loss is significantly reduced compared to agricultural products coated with a similar mixture lacking a wetting agent. It was found that the amount of long-chain fatty acids and / or their salts or esters is The wetting agent is dissolved, dispersed, or suspended in the mixture, and long-chain fatty acids and / or their salts are also included. The suppression of surface damage to agricultural products was observed when the product was applied alone without containing esters. It appeared that way. Further evidence of these effects is provided below.

[0046] Through extensive experiments, several dissolving agents were found on the surface of at least several types of agricultural products. The contact angle of droplets of the medium and coating solution / suspension is very large compared to the surface of agricultural products. This indicates that there are significant differences in the surface energy of the droplets. The effect is that the surface of many plants or other agricultural products is often affected by the presence of cuticle wax. Because they tend to be more hydrophobic, the coating solution / suspension should contain at least 70% by volume This was particularly evident in the case of water. This phenomenon is characterized by the following: solvent or coating Coating solution / suspension / colloid (i.e., the coating agent is dissolved, suspended, or dispersed) Droplets of the solvent (used in the product) directly onto the surface of the agricultural product, or carnauba, candelilla, or Deposit directly onto paraffin wax (carnauba, candelilla, and Paraffin wax is the same as the hydrophobic properties of lemons or many other types of agricultural products. It tends to have a unique hydrophobicity (see Figure 12 for example), and the contact angle is as shown in the image. The determination was made using analytical software. The results of various studies are summarized below.

[0047] Wetting agents in water-based or high-water-content coating mixtures (e.g., medium-chain fatty acids and Increasing the concentration of (or their salts or esters) generally results in agricultural products or fermented milk. The contact angle of the solution / suspension / colloid on the surface decreased. For example, as shown in Figure 10. To achieve this, water (bar 1002) is heated to approximately 88°C on the surface of an unwaxed lemon. It exhibits a contact angle and contains only long-chain fatty acid esters / salts suspended in water at a concentration of 30 mg / mL. The coating mixture contains (SA-1G and MA-Na combined in a mass ratio of 95:5). (Bar 1004) exhibited a contact angle of approximately 84°. However, low concentrations of medium-chain fatty acids When a sterl (e.g., CA-1G) is added, the contact angle is 0.1 mg / mL of CA-1G. (Bar 1006) approximately 70° to 6 mg / mL CA-1G (Bar 1016) approximately 47° It gradually decreased to that point.

[0048] Furthermore, for many mixtures, medium-chain fatty acids and / or that have shorter chain lengths The addition of salts or esters results in medium-chain fatty acids with longer chain lengths at similar concentrations and / A significant reduction in the contact angle of droplets on agricultural products is achieved more effectively than the addition of its salt or ester. It was found that this caused the following. For example, Figure 11 shows different medium-chain fatty acid esters (C10 The results of a study in which C11 and C12 were added to a water-based coating mixture are shown. The contact angles of droplets of various mixtures were measured on unwaxed lemons. Bar 1102 corresponds to a water droplet. Bar 1104 is combined in a mass ratio of 95:5. Corresponds to SA-1G and MA-Na suspended in water at a concentration of 30 mg / mL. Bar 110 Bars 6, 1108, and 1110 correspond to the same mixture as bar 1104, but with a concentration of 4 mg / m². L LA-1G (regarding bar 1106), 4 mg / mL UA-1G (regarding bar 1108) (Regarding) or with the addition of 4 mg / mL of CA-1G (Regarding bar 1110).

[0049] As can be seen in Figure 11, water droplets (1102) on the lemon, and long-chain lipids on the lemon. A droplet (1104) of a mixture containing only fatty acid esters / salts is a low-concentration medium-chain lipid. Larger contact than the mixture with added fatty acid esters (1106, 1108, and 1110) It exhibited antennae. Furthermore, for a given concentration of medium-chain fatty acid ester, the contact angle is determined by the carbon chain length. It decreased along with the decrease in (1102). Specifically, mixtures lacking medium-chain fatty acid esters (1102 The contact angle of 4 mg / mL LA-1G (1104) was approximately 84° to 88°. When a carbon chain length of 2 is added, the contact angle decreases to approximately 67°, and 4 mg / mL of UA-1G ( When a carbon chain length of 11 is added, the contact angle decreases to approximately 56°, and 4 mg / mL of CA-1G When (a carbon chain length of 10) was added, the contact angle decreased to approximately 50°.

[0050] As mentioned earlier, carnauba, candelilla, and paraffin wax are all lemons. It was found to possess an intrinsic hydrophobicity similar to that of the surface of (and other agricultural products). Therefore, characterizing on a carnauba, candelilla, or paraffin wax surface The wetting properties (e.g., contact angle) of the mixture are typically related to the wetting of the mixture on agricultural products. This is useful for predicting characteristics. For example, Figure 12 shows lemon (bars 1201-1203) and candela. La wax (bars 1211-1213), and carnauba wax (bars 1221-1221) The contact angles of water and the other two mixtures on the surface of 223) are shown. Group of first bars (1 201, 1211, and 1221) correspond to water, respectively, on all three surfaces. The contact angle was in the range of approximately 92° to 105°. The second group of bars (1202, 1212, (and 1222) is a suspension in which the solvent is water, and the coating agent is combined in a mass ratio of 94:6. It contains a combined 30 mg / mL of SA-1G and SA-Na (long-chain fatty acid salt / ester). The suspension, as well as 0.25 mg / mL of citric acid and 0.325 mg / mL of sodium bicarbonate Corresponds to the suspension. As shown, the contact angle on all three surfaces is approximately 80°~8 It was in the 8° range, slightly smaller than pure water, but still generally quite large. The third group of bars (1203, 1213, and 1223) is the suspension of the second group of bars. It corresponds to the same suspension as the liquid, but also contains 3 mg / mL of CA-1G (medium-chain fatty acid ester). As shown, the contact angles on all three surfaces remain very similar to each other. It is present, and significantly reduced compared to the solution lacking medium-chain fatty acid esters, with each being approximately 31°~44° It was within the range of °.

[0051] The coating mixture used to form a coating on avocados contains a low concentration The effects of adding LA-1G and CA-1G are shown in the graph in Figure 13. Sea urchin, combined in a mass ratio of 94:6, suspended in water at a concentration of 30 mg / mL, SA- A mixture containing 1G and MA-Na (long-chain fatty acid ester / salt) (Bar 1302) The processed avocados exhibited a mass loss coefficient of approximately 1.78. (Bar 1303~130) 5 is CA-1 at concentrations of 1 mg / mL, 2.5 mg / mL, and 4 mg / mL, respectively. The effects of adding G to the mixture are shown, with bars 1313-1315 each containing 1 mg / LA-1G was added to the mixture at concentrations of mL, 2.5 mg / mL, and 4 mg / mL. This shows the effect.

[0052] The addition of CA-1G (carbon chain length of 10) to the coating mixture reduces the mass loss coefficient to 1. At a CA-1G concentration of mg / mL (bar 1303), it is approximately 2.35, and at 2.5 mg / mL CA -1G concentration (bar 1304) is approximately 2.24, CA-1G concentration (bar 13 In 05), it was increased to approximately 2.18. Therefore, the mass loss coefficient is for medium-chain fatty acid esters. Compared to the missing mixture (Bar 1302), all CA-1G in the range of 1-4 mg / mL It was substantially large at the concentration, but the mass loss coefficient increased as the concentration of CA-1G increased. It appeared to have decreased slightly. I don't want to be bound by theory, but at least 1 mg Adding CA-1G at all concentrations of / mL improves the wetting of the solution on the avocado surface. It is thought to be effective for this, but increasing the concentration of CA-1G in avocados It begins to inflict moderate damage to the surface, thereby reducing the beneficial surface wetting effect and causing mass loss. The loss coefficient was slightly reduced.

[0053] Continuing to refer to Figure 13, LA-1G (carbon chain length of 12) to the coating mixture The addition of this substance reduces the mass loss coefficient to approximately 1.6 at an LA-1G concentration of 1 mg / mL (bar 1313). The concentration was reduced to 1, but the mass loss coefficient was increased to 2.5 mg / mL (bar 1314) and 4 mg / m². Both LA-1G concentrations in L (bar 1315) were increased to approximately 2.15. (Bound by theory) Although we do not wish this to happen, at a concentration of 1 mg / mL of LA-1G, surface wetting of the solution is LA-1 The surface damage to avocados caused by G was not sufficiently improved. Therefore, the mass loss coefficient is considered to be the same as that of a coating mixture lacking medium-chain fatty acid esters. Compared to treatment with the compound, the effect was reduced. However, when the concentration of LA-1G is high, the surface The wetting is sufficiently improved, and as a result, the mass loss coefficient is lower than that of a medium-chain fatty acid ester-deficient corn. The results were significantly increased compared to treatment with the ting solution. This result is consistent with the results in Figure 11. Therefore, short-chain fatty acid esters (e.g., CA-1G) are used in water-based coatings of the same concentration. When added to a compound, compared to long-chain fatty acid esters (e.g., LA-1G), We found that this causes a significant reduction in antennae.

[0054] Low concentration of coating mixture used to form a coating on cherries The effect of adding CA-1G is shown in Figure 14. As can be seen, the mass ratio is 94:6. SA-1G and MA-Na (long chain) are combined and suspended in water at a concentration of 40 mg / mL. Sacran coated from a mixture containing fatty acid esters / salts (Bar 1402) Bo exhibited a mass loss coefficient of approximately 1.60. Bars 1403-1405 were 0.5, respectively. CA-1G is added to the mixture at concentrations of mg / mL, 1 mg / mL, and 3 mg / mL. This shows the effect of the addition of CA-1G (carbon chain length of 10) to the coating mixture. The dose loss coefficient was set to approximately 1.75 at a CA-1G concentration of 0.5 mg / mL (bar 1403), At a CA-1G concentration of mg / mL (bar 1404), the ratio is approximately 1.96, and at a CA-1G concentration of 4 mg / mL... The G concentration (bar 1405) was increased to approximately 2.00. As shown, the low concentration in the mixture The addition of CA-1G increased the mass loss coefficient of the coated cherries. The increase is due to improved surface wetting resulting from the addition of CA-1G to the coating mixture. It was thought to be the cause.

[0055] The coating mixture used to form a coating on finger lime The effect of adding a low concentration of UA-1G is shown in Figure 15. As can be seen, 94:6 SA-1G and SA-Na are combined in a mass ratio and suspended in water at a concentration of 30 mg / mL. A mixture containing (long-chain fatty acid esters / salts) coated from (Bar 1502) The Wingerlime exhibited a mass loss coefficient of approximately 1.61. Bars 1503-1505 were UA-1G was added to the mixture at concentrations of 1 mg / mL, 3 mg / mL, and 5 mg / mL, respectively. This shows the effect of addition. Adding UA-1G (carbon chain length of 11) to the mixture results in mass loss. The loss coefficient was set to approximately 2.33 at a UA-1G concentration of 1 mg / mL (bar 1503), and 3 mg / m At a UA-1G concentration of L (bar 1504), it is approximately 2.06, and at a UA-1G concentration of 5 mg / mL ( The concentration was increased to approximately 1.93 (bar 1505). The addition of UA-1G resulted in a concentration of 1-5 mg / mL. The mass loss coefficient of finger lime increased at all concentrations in the range, but the peak mass loss The coefficient occurs at 1 mg / mL, and the mass loss coefficient decreases as the concentration of UA-1G increases. I did. I don't want to be bound by theory, but increasing the concentration of UA-1G will make your fingers The lime surface begins to be damaged, and surface wetting is caused by the increase in UA-1G concentration. Even with considerable improvement, it was not enough to mitigate this effect, leading to an increase in UA-1G concentration. Consequently, the mass loss coefficient is thought to have gradually decreased.

[0056] As explained throughout, the wetting agent is the substrate to which the solution / suspension / colloid is applied. To improve surface wetting, it may be included in coating solutions / suspensions / colloids, and This results in an improved surface coating of the coating formed on top of it. The wetting agent is Coating solution / suspension / colloid: Coatings dissolved or suspended in a solvent It may be included in or as part of the coating agent. That is, the compound of the coating agent Subgroups of substances cause a change in the surface energy of the solvent to which the coating agent is added. This allows it to act as a wetting agent. Alternatively, the wetting agent can act as a coating agent. It may be a different compound (or group of compounds), applied before, after, or simultaneously with the coating agent. It can be added to the solvent in either way.

[0057] Alternatively, the wetting agent may be a different compound (or group of compounds) from the coating agent. It may be applied to the surface before applying the coating agent. For example, the wetting agent may be first added to another solvent. In addition, a solution / suspension / colloid of the wetting agent can be formed. Next, the solution of the wetting agent Apply the / suspension / colloid to the surface, and then apply the coating solution / suspension / colloid to the surface. It can be applied to a surface to form a coating. This method can be used to primer the surface. This improves surface wetting with the coating solution / suspension / colloid. ru.

[0058] An example of the primer effect on the surface described above is shown in Figure 16, which is the effect on the surface of paraffin wax. This is a graph of the contact angles of various solvents or mixtures in paraffin wax. As shown, paraffin wax Water (Bar 1601) applied directly to the surface of the material exhibited an average contact angle of 74°. 95: A mixture of SA-1G and SA-Na coating agents combined in a 5:1 mass ratio, 45 ml When dispersed in water at a concentration of g / mL and applied directly to the surface of paraffin wax (Bar 16) 02) The average contact angle was even larger (83°). However, the wetting agent (for example) When medium-chain fatty acids or their salts / esters are added to a mixture of coating agents, The contact angle of the coating agent mixture was substantially reduced. Furthermore, water or coating agent Before applying any of the mixtures, apply a wetting agent (e.g., medium-chain fatty acids or their salts / esters). When (L) was applied to the paraffin wax surface, the contact angle was similarly substantially reduced. For example, if 3 mg / mL of CA-1G is added to the mixture corresponding to bar 1602, The contact angle (bar 1603) was 43°. CA- Apply a 1G wetting agent mixture, then let the surface dry, and then rinse with water (Bar 1604) or on top. The mixture of SA-1G / SA-Na coating agents (bar 1605) described above will be applied. Therefore, when a paraffin wax surface is primed, the resulting contact angles are 24° each. It was approximately 30 degrees.

[0059] Coating agents and wetting agents (coatings) for forming solutions / suspensions / colloids The solvent to which the agent (in cases other than the agent) is added is, for example, water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol. Panol, butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetonitrile, tetra Hydrofuran, diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, alcohol, optional Other suitable solvents may be, or combinations thereof. The resulting solution, suspension, and Colloids may be suitable for forming coatings on agricultural products. For example, solutions, The suspension or colloid can be applied to the surface of the agricultural product, and then the solvent can be removed. For example, protective coatings formed from coating agents (by evaporation or convection drying) The substance can be left on the surface of agricultural products.

[0060] Some of the solvents mentioned above (especially water and ethanol) are used in food products such as agricultural products or other agricultural products. It can be used safely and effectively in solutions / suspensions / colloids applied to products. However, in most cases, water, or otherwise at least about 40% by volume (in most cases) It may be advantageous to use any of the solvents, which is water (or more). This is because water is Typically, they are less expensive than other suitable solvents, have high volatility, and / or a low flash point. A solvent having (for example, acetone, or isopropanol or ethanol) This is because it can be used more safely than ethanol. Therefore, as described herein For any of the solutions / suspensions / colloids being treated, the solvent or the solution / suspension / colloid is at least approximately 40% (mass or volume) and at least approximately 45% (mass or volume). %, at least approximately 50% (mass or volume) %, at least approximately 55% (mass or volume) %, at least approximately 60% (mass or volume) %, at least approximately 65% ​​(mass or volume) %, at least approximately 70% (mass or volume), at least approximately 75% (mass or volume) %, at least approximately 80% (mass or volume), at least approximately 85% (mass or volume) %, at least approximately 90% (mass or volume), at least approximately 95% (mass or volume) It may be %, or at least about 99% (by mass or volume) of water. The solvent includes a combination of water and ethanol, optionally containing at least about 40% by volume. At least approximately 45% by volume, at least approximately 50% by volume, at least approximately 55% by volume, and at least Also about 60% by volume, at least about 65% by volume, at least about 70% by volume, at least about 75% by volume Volume percent, at least about 80% by volume, at least about 85% by volume, at least about 90% by volume, It could be at least about 95% by volume, or at least about 99% by volume, water. In the application, the solvent or solution / suspension / colloid should be approximately 40% (by mass or volume) to 100%. (mass or volume)% water, approximately 40(mass or volume)%~99(mass or volume) )% water, approximately 40 (by mass or volume)%~95 (by mass or volume)% water, approximately 40 ( (by mass or volume)% to 90% (by mass or volume) of water, approximately 40 (by mass or volume) %~85 (mass or volume)% water, approximately 40 (mass or volume)~80 (mass or volume) (L)% water, approximately 50% (mass or volume) to 100% (mass or volume) water Approximately 50% (by mass or volume) to 99% (by mass or volume) of water, approximately 50% (by mass or volume) (k is volume) %~95 (mass or volume) % water, approximately 50 (mass or volume) %~90 (mass or volume)% water, approximately 50(mass or volume)%~85(mass or volume) )% water, approximately 50% (mass or volume) to 80% (mass or volume) water, approximately 60% (Mass or volume)% to 100(mass or volume)% water, approximately 60(mass or volume )%~99(mass or volume)% water, approximately 60(mass or volume)%~95(mass or volume) Alternatively, (by volume)% water, approximately 60% (by mass or volume) to 90% (by mass or volume) water Approximately 60% (by mass or volume) to 85% (by mass or volume) of water, approximately 60% (by mass or volume) (By volume) %~80 (mass or volume) % water, approximately 70 (mass or volume) %~10 0% (mass or volume) of water, approximately 70% (mass or volume) to 99% (mass or volume) of water. (Cumulative)% water, approximately 70% (mass or volume) to 95% (mass or volume) water, approximately 70 (mass or volume)% to 90(mass or volume)% water, approximately 70(mass or volume) )%~85(mass or volume)% water, approximately 80(mass or volume)%~100(mass Alternatively, (by volume)% water, approximately 80% (by mass or volume) to 99% (by mass or volume) Water, approximately 80% (by mass or volume) to 97% (by mass or volume) of water, approximately 80% (by mass or volume) (or volume)%~95(mass or volume)% water, approximately 80(mass or volume)%~9 3% (by mass or volume) of water, approximately 80% (by mass or volume) to 90% (by mass or volume) (Cumulative)% water, approximately 85% (mass or volume) to 100% (mass or volume) water, approximately 8 5% (by mass or volume) to 99% (by mass or volume) of water, approximately 85% (by mass or volume) (Volume) %~97 (mass or volume) % water, approximately 85 (mass or volume) %~95 (mass Alternatively, (by volume)% water, approximately 90% (by mass or volume) to 100% (by mass or volume) Water, approximately 90% (mass or volume) to 99% (mass or volume) of water, approximately 90% (mass Alternatively, 98% (by mass or volume) of water, or approximately 90% (by mass or volume) It can be )% to 97% (by mass or volume) of water.

[0061] Considering the above, in some applications, the solvent is a low-humidity solvent (i.e., it is applied as It may be a solvent that exhibits a large contact angle with respect to the surface being welded. For example, any wetting agent or If no other surfactants are added, the solvent consists of (a) carnauba wax, (b) (c) Candelilla wax, (d) paraffin wax, or (c) unwaxed The contact angle with any of the lemon's surfaces should be at least about 70°, for example, at least about 75°. It may be 80°, 85°, or 90°. Any of the wetting agents described herein. This can be used alone or in combination with other compounds or coating agents as a solvent. When added to, the resulting solution / suspension / colloid is (a) carnauba wax, (b) (c) Candelilla wax, (d) paraffin wax, or (c) unwaxed Contact angles with any of the lemon's surfaces less than approximately 85°, for example, approximately 80°, 75°, 70° , 65°, 60°, 55°, 50°, 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, 20° It can be 15°, 10°, 5°, or less than 0°.

[0062] Add or dissolve in a solvent to form a coating solution / suspension / colloid, or suspend. Alternatively, the dispersed coating agent is maintained on the substrate to which the solution / suspension / colloid is applied. It may be any compound or combination of compounds capable of forming a protective coating. The coating agent ensures that the resulting coating is free from biological and / or abiotic stress. It can be formulated to protect the substrate from oxygen and other factors. For example, the coating may be oxygen and / or prevent or inhibit water movement, thereby preventing oxidation and / or evaporation / immersion of the substrate. It can prevent water loss through permeability / evaporation. The substrate is prone to decay and / or If it is edible, for example, if the base material is a plant, agricultural product, or a single agricultural product, The tinging agent is preferably composed of a non-toxic compound that is safe for consumption. For example, The coating agent may be formed from fatty acids and / or their salts or esters, or may include. Fatty acid esters are, for example, ethyl esters, methyl esters, or glycerides. It may be a glyceryl ester (e.g., 1-glyceryl or 2-glyceryl ester). .

[0063] Formed from a high proportion of long-chain fatty acids and / or their salts or esters, Coating agents containing them (for example, having a carbon chain length of at least 14) On various substrates, it is possible to prevent moisture loss from the substrate and / or oxidation of the substrate. It was found to be effective in forming a protective coating. One or more medium-chain fatty acids and / or by adding their salts or esters (or other wetting agents), the coating The performance of the coating can be further improved. Therefore, the coating agent of this specification It may contain one or more compounds of formula I, where formula I is as follows: [ka] During the ceremony, R is -H, -glyceryl, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C2-C6 alkenyl, -C2 -C6 alkynyl, -C3-C7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl Selected, each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or hetyl Loaryl may optionally contain halogens (e.g., Cl, Br, or I), hydroxyls, or nitrates. -CN, -NH2, -SH, -SR 15 , -OR 14 , -NR 14 R 15 , C1-C 6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl, and is optionally substituted with one or more of the following groups wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 g, each independently each time it occurs, is -H, -(C=O)R 14 , -(C=O)H, -(C=O)OH , -(C=O)OR<00(00021>, -(C=O)-O-(C=O)R 14 , -O(C=O)R 14 , -OR 14 , -NR 14 R<00000(026>, -SR 14 , halogen, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C 2-C6 alkenyl, -C2-C6 alkynyl, -C3-C7 cycloalkyl, aryl , or heteroaryl, and each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl , aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more of -OR 14 , -NR 14 R 15 , -S R 14 , or halogen, and R 3 , R 4 , R 7 , and R 8 each independently, each time it occurs, is -H, -OR 14 , -NR 14 R 15 , -SR 14, halogen, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C2-C6 alkyl Kenyl, -C2-C6 alkynyl, -C3-C7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or he It is a teloaryl, and each alkyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or he Terroraryl is one or more -OR 14 , -NR 14 R 15 , -SR 14 , or Haroge It is arbitrarily replaced with n, or R 3 and R 4 However, when combined with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, C3-C6 cyclo It can form alkyl, C4-C6 cycloalkenyl, or 3-6 membered heterocycles. can, and / or R 7 and R 8 However, when combined with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, C3-C6 cyclo It can form alkyl, C4-C6 cycloalkenyl, or 3-6 membered heterocycles. Yes, R 14 and R 15 However, each generation occurs independently, producing -H, aryl, and heteroaryl. -C1-C6 alkyl, -C2-C6 alkenyl, or -C2-C6 alkynyl And, symbol [ka] However, this represents a single bond or a cis or trans double bond. n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8. m is 0, 1, 2, or 3, q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.

[0064] In some embodiments, R is selected from -H, -CH3, or -CH2CH3. In some embodiments, R is -H, -glyceryl, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C 2-C6 alkenyl, -C2-C6 alkynyl, -C3-C7 cycloalkyl, aryl , or selected from heteroaryls, each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloaryl A aryl, heteroaryl, or hydroxyl group is a compound containing one or more C1-C6 alkyl or hydroxyl groups. It is optionally substituted with roxyl.

[0065] As further described herein, the coating agent is a sodium salt (e.g., SA -Na, PA-Na, or MA-Na), potassium salts (e.g., SA-K, PA-K, MA-K), calcium salts (e.g., (SA)2-Ca, (PA)2-Ca, or (M A) 2-Ca), or magnesium salts (e.g., (SA) 2-Mg, (PA) 2- Mg It may also contain additional or substitute fatty acid salts such as (MA)2-Mg. The coating agent described herein comprises one or more compounds of formula II or formula III. Equations II and III are as follows: [ka] In the formula, for each formula, X is the cationic part, X p+ However, it is a cationic counterion having a charge state p, and p is 1, 2, or 3 can be, R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12, and R 13 However, each is independent And each time it occurs, -H, -(C=O)R 14 , -(C=O)H, -(C=O)OH, -(C=O)OR 14 ,-( C=O)-O-(C=O)R 14 -O(C=O)R 14 , -OR 14 , -NR 14 R 1 5 , -SR 14 , halogen, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C2-C6 alkenyl, -C2- It is C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl. Each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroalkyl group The letter is one or more -OR 14 , -NR 14 R 15 , -SR 14 , or optionally with halogen It has been replaced with, R 3 , R 4 , R 7 , and R 8 However, each occurs independently, and each time it occurs, -H, -OR 14 , -NR 14 R 15 , -SR 14 , halogen, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C2-C6 alkyl Kenyl, -C2-C6 alkynyl, -C3-C7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or he It is a teloaryl, and each alkyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or he Terroraryl is one or more -OR 14 , -NR 14 R 15 , -SR 14 , or Haroge It is arbitrarily replaced with n, or R 3 and R4 when combined with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a C3-C6 cyclo alkyl, C4-C6 cycloalkenyl, or 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, and / or and / or R 7 and R 8 when combined with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a C3-C6 cyclo alkyl, C4-C6 cycloalkenyl, or 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, and R 14 and R 15 each independently, upon occurrence, is -H, aryl, heteroaryl, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C2-C6 alkenyl, or -C2-C6 alkynyl and where the symbol

Chem.

[0066] Any of the coating agents described herein can include one or more of the following medium-chain fatty acid compounds (e.g., the compound of formula I).

Chem.

[0067] Any of the coating agents described herein can include one or more of the following long-chain fatty acid compounds (e.g., the compound of formula I).

Chem.

[0068] The coating agents described herein include the following medium-chain fatty acid methyl ester compounds (e.g., Formula I It may contain one or more of the following compounds: [ka] [ka]

[0069] The coating agents described herein include the following long-chain fatty acid methyl ester compounds (e.g., Formula I It may contain one or more of the following compounds: [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0070] The coating agents described herein include the following medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester compounds (e.g., Formula I It may contain one or more of the following compounds: [ka]

[0071] The coating agents described herein include the following long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester compounds (e.g., Formula I It may contain one or more of the following compounds: [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0072] The coating agents described herein include the following medium-chain fatty acid 2-glyceryl ester compounds (for example) It may contain one or more of the compounds of formula I. [ka]

[0073] The coating agents described herein include the following long-chain fatty acid 2-glyceryl ester compounds (for example) It may contain one or more of the compounds of formula I. [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0074] The coating agents described herein include the following medium-chain fatty acid 1-glyceryl ester compounds (for example) It may contain one or more of the compounds of formula I. [ka] [ka]

[0075] The coating agents described herein include the following long-chain fatty acid 1-glyceryl ester compounds (for example) It may contain one or more of the compounds of formula I. [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0076] The coating agents described herein include the following fatty acid salts (e.g., compounds of formula II or III) It can contain one or more of the following substances, where X is a cationic counterion and n is This represents the charge state of the cationic counterion (i.e., the number of proton equivalent charges). [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0077] In some embodiments, n is 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, X is sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium.

[0078] As mentioned above, various combinations of the compound of formula I, each having a carbon chain length of at least 14 carbon atoms. Coating agents mainly formed from (for example, with a mass or molar composition of at least 50 The coating agent, which is a compound of formula I, is effective in reducing moisture loss and oxidation. It has been shown that a protective coating can be formed on agricultural products and other agricultural products. As mentioned above, coating involves dissolving, suspending, or dispersing the coating agent in a solvent. Then, a mixture is formed, and the mixture is applied to the surface of the agricultural product (for example, spray coating the product). By immersing the product in the mixture, or by mixing the product with the mixture (by brushing onto the surface), then remove the solvent (for example, by evaporating the solvent) It can be formed on the outer surface of agricultural products by (causing) this to happen. The solvent is It can include any polar, nonpolar, protic, or aprotic solvent, and those Any combination is included. Examples of solvents that can be used include water, methanol, and ethanol. Alcohol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetonol Tolyl, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, Other suitable solvents, or combinations thereof, may be included. The coating may be plant or When applied to other food products, use a solvent that is safe for consumption, such as water or ethanol. Alternatively, it may be preferable to use a combination of these, depending on the solvent used. Therefore, the solubility limit of the coating agent in the solvent may be lower than desired for a particular application. For example, when the compound of formula I is used as a coating agent and the solvent is water (or mainly water) In some cases, the solubility limit of the coating agent may be relatively low. Even in these cases, the desired It is possible to add a coating agent of a certain concentration to a solvent to form a suspension or colloid. could be.

[0079] To improve the solubility of the coating agent in the solvent, or to add the coating agent to the solvent To suspend or disperse, the coating agent may further contain an emulsifier. When forming a coating on plants or other edible products, ensure that the emulsifier is safe for consumption. It is preferable that the emulsifier is not incorporated into the coating. Or, if an emulsifier is incorporated into the coating, it will affect the performance of the coating. It is also preferable not to lower it.

[0080] Through extensive experiments, organic salts added to coating agents (e.g., formula II or formula I) Compound II increases the solubility of the coating agent, or the coating agent In a solvent with a considerable water content (for example, a solvent that is at least 50% by volume of water) It has been shown that it can be suspended or dispersed, provided that the salt concentration is not too low (formula). The condition is that (compared to the concentration of compound I). Furthermore, the added salt is a salt Under the condition that the concentration (compared to the concentration of the compound in formula I) is not too high, the following is formed: It does not substantially degrade the performance of the coating.

[0081] For example, the first compound of formula I mixed with the second group of compounds of formula II and / or III. The coating agent containing the group is added to water, the water is heated to approximately 70°C, and the coating agent is added. Then, the resulting mixture is cooled to approximately room temperature (or lower). A turbid liquid can be formed. Next, the cooled mixture is applied to a substrate such as agricultural products. As described throughout, a protective coating can be formed. However, However, the compound of formula I constitutes at least 50% of the mass of the coating agent, and formula II and If compound B / or III constitutes less than approximately 3% of the coating agent, It cannot be suspended in heated water, or the coating agent cannot be suspended in water at a higher temperature. It can be suspended in it, but as the temperature decreases it will crush, and therefore the mixture will be coarse. It was found that this made it impossible to form a ting.

[0082] Furthermore, if the concentration of the compound of formula II and / or III is too high, the resulting coating The performance of the fins may degrade, for example, as shown in Figure 18 and Example 13 below. , compounds of formula I (PA-1G and SA-1G) and compounds of formula II or III (SA- The coating formed on the avocado from a 94:6 mixture of (Na) was 1.88 by mass. This resulted in a loss factor. However, the study using a 70:30 mixture of the same compound When repeated, the mass loss factor of the coated avocado decreased to 1.59. As further shown in Figure 18, the compound of formula II or III in the coating agent is MA When it is -Na, a similar decrease in the mass loss coefficient due to high concentrations of salt in the coating agent is observed. They figured it out.

[0083] Considering the above, the composition (e.g., coating agent) is one or more compounds of formula I (e.g. For example, a first group of compounds including fatty acids or their esters, and one of formulas II or III. A second group of compounds comprising one or more salts (e.g., fatty acid salts) may be included. Compound of formula I ( (Multiple) and / or salts (multiple) of formula II or III may optionally be at least 1 It can have a carbon chain length of 4. The first group of compounds (e.g., fatty acids, or monoacids) Compounds of formula I, such as esters containing glycerides, and the second group of compounds (formula II or II) The mass ratio of salt I (e.g., fatty acid salt) is, for example, in the range of about 2 to 200, for example, about 2 ~100, 2~99, 2~90, 2~80, 2~70, 2~60, 2~50, 2~40, 2-30, 2-25, 2-20, 2-15, 2-10, 2.5-200, 2.5-100 , 2.5~90, 2.5~80, 2.5~70, 2.5~60, 2.5~50, 2.5~ 40, 2.5~30, 2.5~25, 2.5~20, 2.5~15, 2.5~10, 3~ 200, 3-100, 3-90, 3-80, 3-70, 3-60, 3-50, 3-40, 3-30, 3-25, 3-20, 3-15, 3-10, 4-200, 4-100, 4-9 0, 4-80, 4-70, 4-60, 4-50, 4-40, 4-30, 4-25, 4-2 0, 4-15, 4-10, 5-200, 5-100, 5-90, 5-80, 5-70, 5 ~60, 5~50, 5~40, 5~30, 5~25, 5~20, 5~15, 5~10, 1 0-100, 10-99, 10-90, 10-80, 10-70, 10-60, 10-5 0, 10-40, 10-30, 10-25, 10-20, 10-15, 15-100, 1 5-99, 15-90, 15-80, 15-70, 15-60, 15-50, 15-40 It could be 15-30, 15-25, or 15-20.

[0084] As described above, the coating agent is used to form a colloid, suspension, or solution. It can be added to, dissolved in, suspended in, or dispersed in a solvent. (Example: Coating agent) Various components (e.g., compounds and salts of formula I) are combined before being added to the solvent, and then They can be added together to the solvent. Alternatively, the components of the coating agent can be kept separate from each other. Next, it can be added to the solvent continuously (or at separate times).

[0085] The concentration of the first group of compounds (compounds of formula I) in a solvent / solution / suspension / colloid is, for example, The range is approximately 1 mg / mL to approximately 200 mg / mL, for example, approximately 1 to 150 mg / mL, 1 to 100mg / mL, 1~90mg / mL, 1~80mg / mL, 1~75mg / mL, 1 ~70mg / mL, 1~65mg / mL, 1~60mg / mL, 1~55mg / mL, 1 ~50mg / mL, 1~45mg / mL, 1~40mg / mL, 2~200mg / mL, 2~150mg / mL, 2~100mg / mL, 2~90mg / mL, 2~80mg / m L, 2~75mg / mL, 2~70mg / mL, 2~65mg / mL, 2~60mg / m L, 2~55mg / mL, 2~50mg / mL, 2~45mg / mL, 2~40mg / m L, 5~200mg / mL, 5~150mg / mL, 5~100mg / mL, 5~90m g / mL, 5~80mg / mL, 5~75mg / mL, 5~70mg / mL, 5~65m g / mL, 5~60mg / mL, 5~55mg / mL, 5~50mg / mL, 5~45m g / mL, 5~40mg / mL, 10~200mg / mL, 10~150mg / mL, 1 0~100mg / mL, 10~90mg / mL, 10~80mg / mL, 10~75mg / mL, 10~70mg / mL, 10~65mg / mL, 10~60mg / mL, 10~ 55 mg / mL, 10-50 mg / mL, 10-45 mg / mL, or 10-40 mg It can be / mL

[0086] The second group of compounds in solvents / solutions / suspensions / colloids (salts of formula II or III, e.g.) For example, the concentration of fatty acid salts is in the range of approximately 0.01 mg / mL to approximately 80 mg / mL. For example, approximately 0.01-75 mg / mL, 0.01-70 mg / mL, 0.01-65 mg / mL L, 0.01~60mg / mL, 0.01~55mg / mL, 0.01~50mg / mL , 0.01~45mg / mL, 0.01~40mg / mL, 0.01~35mg / mL, 0.01~30mg / mL, 0.01~25mg / mL, 0.01~20mg / mL, 0 .01~15mg / mL, 0.01~10mg / mL, 0.1~80mg / mL, 0.1 ~75mg / mL, 0.1~70mg / mL, 0.1~65mg / mL, 0.1~60m g / mL, 0.1~55mg / mL, 0.1~50mg / mL, 0.1~45mg / mL , 0.1~40mg / mL, 0.1~35mg / mL, 0.1~30mg / mL, 0.1 ~25mg / mL, 0.1~20mg / mL, 0.1~15mg / mL, 0.1~10m g / mL, 1~80mg / mL, 1~75mg / mL, 1~70mg / mL, 1~65m g / mL, 1~60mg / mL, 1~55mg / mL, 1~50mg / mL, 1~45m g / mL, 1~40mg / mL, 1~35mg / mL, 1~30mg / mL, 1~25m g / mL, 1~20mg / mL, 1~15mg / mL, 1~10mg / mL, 2~80m g / mL, 2~75mg / mL, 2~70mg / mL, 2~65mg / mL, 2~60m g / mL, 2~55mg / mL, 2~50mg / mL, 2~45mg / mL, 2~40m g / mL, 2~35mg / mL, 2~30mg / mL, 2~25mg / mL, 2~20m It may be g / mL, 2-15 mg / mL, or 2-10 mg / mL.

[0087] The concentration of a composition (e.g., a coating agent) in a solvent / solution / suspension / colloid is, for example, For example, in the range of approximately 1 mg / mL to approximately 200 mg / mL, for example, approximately 1 to 150 mg / mL, 1 ~100mg / mL, 1~90mg / mL, 1~80mg / mL, 1~75mg / mL, 1~70mg / mL, 1~65mg / mL, 1~60mg / mL, 1~55mg / mL, 1~50mg / mL, 1~45mg / mL, 1~40mg / mL, 2~200mg / mL , 2~150mg / mL, 2~100mg / mL, 2~90mg / mL, 2~80mg / mL, 2~75mg / mL, 2~70mg / mL, 2~65mg / mL, 2~60mg / mL, 2~55mg / mL, 2~50mg / mL, 2~45mg / mL, 2~40mg / mL, 5~200mg / mL, 5~150mg / mL, 5~100mg / mL, 5~90 mg / mL, 5~80mg / mL, 5~75mg / mL, 5~70mg / mL, 5~65 mg / mL, 5~60mg / mL, 5~55mg / mL, 5~50mg / mL, 5~45 mg / mL, 5~40mg / mL, 10~200mg / mL, 10~150mg / mL, 10~100mg / mL, 10~90mg / mL, 10~80mg / mL, 10~75m g / mL, 10~70mg / mL, 10~65mg / mL, 10~60mg / mL, 10 ~55 mg / mL, 10~50 mg / mL, 10~45 mg / mL, or 10~40 mg / mL It may be g / mL.

[0088] As described above and demonstrated in the following examples, coating solution / suspension / co Lloyd's method involves determining the contact angle between the solution / suspension / colloid and the surface of the substrate to be coated. It may further contain a wetting agent that helps reduce the amount of fumes. The wetting agent is a component of the coating agent. Because it can be included as a component, it can be added to the solvent at the same time as other components of the coating agent. In other words, the wetting agent may be separate from the coating agent, and may be applied before, after, or simultaneously with the coating agent. It can be added to the solvent. Alternatively, the wetting agent may be separate from the coating agent and under the surface. It can be applied to the surface before the coating agent is applied.

[0089] The wetting agent may be a fatty acid or its salt or ester. The wetting agent is a compound of formula I, II, Alternatively, it may be compound or group of compounds of formula I, II, and III as described above. In particular, the wetting agent compounds can each have a carbon chain length of 13 or less. For example, the carbon chain length is in the range of 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 7-13, or 8- It can be in the range of 12. The wetting agent can also, or alternatively, be phospholipids, lysophospholipids, glycans. Coglycerolipids, glycolipids, ascorbyl esters of fatty acids, lactic acid esters, tartaric acid Acid esters, malic acid esters, fumaric acid esters, succinic acid esters, citric acid Acid esters, pantothenic acid esters, or fatty alcohol derivatives (e.g., sulfuric acid esters) It may be one or more of the following: (Lukil). In some embodiments, the mixture herein contains The wetting agents used are edible and / or safe for consumption.

[0090] Before adding the wetting agent to the solvent (and if the wetting agent and coating agent are separate, Before or after adding the coating agent, the solvent / solution / suspension / colloid and the coating agent. The contact angle between the wax, candelilla, or paraffin wax is at least about 70°. For example, at least about 75°, at least about 80°, at least about 85°, or less It can be at least about 90°. After adding the wetting agent to the solvent (as well as the wetting agent and coating If the coating agent is separate, either before or after adding the coating agent, the resulting solution Contact angle between liquid / suspension / colloid and carnauba, candelilla, or paraffin wax. This includes angles less than 85°, for example, less than approximately 80°, less than approximately 75°, less than approximately 70°, less than approximately 65°, Less than approximately 60°, less than approximately 55°, less than approximately 50°, less than approximately 45°, less than approximately 40°, less than approximately 35° Full, less than approximately 30°, less than approximately 25°, less than approximately 20°, less than approximately 15°, less than approximately 10°, approximately 5° It can be less than or approximately 0°.

[0091] In many cases, wetting agents can damage the coated substrate, therefore the chemical composition of the wetting agent The concentration of the substance may be lower than the concentration of other components of the coating agent. However, the solvent If the concentration of the wetting agent added is too low, the surface energy of the resulting solution / suspension / colloid will be The energy may be substantially the same as the surface energy of the solvent, in which case the energy of the substrate Improved surface wetting may not be achieved.

[0092] In some embodiments, the compound used as a wetting agent is also (or alternatively) It can be used as an emulsifier. For example, in some embodiments, medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., 7) (having a carbon chain length of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or 13) or a salt thereof or Sterl is used as an emulsifier in the composition (and optionally also functions as a wetting agent), This allows the composition to be dissolved or suspended in the solvent. In some embodiments These include phospholipids, lysophospholipids, glycoglycerolipids, glycolipids, and fatty acids (ascorbic acid). Malic acid esters, lactic acid esters, tartaric acid esters, malic acid esters, fumaric acid esters esters, succinic acid esters, citric acid esters, pantothenic acid esters, or fatty acids The composition contains an alcohol derivative (e.g., alkyl sulfate) and functions as an emulsifier. (and optionally, also function as a wetting agent). In some embodiments, the emulsifier is It is cationic. In some embodiments, the emulsifier is anionic. In some embodiments, the emulsifier is zwitterionic. In some embodiments, the emulsifier is load It is not powered.

[0093] Considering the above, none of the compositions (e.g., coating agents) described herein , the first group of compounds of formulas I, II, and / or III (e.g., fatty acids and / or (Its salt or ester) and the second group of compounds of formulas I, II, and / or III (For example, fatty acids and / or their salts or esters) may be included in the first chemical Each compound in the compound group has a carbon chain length of at least 14, and each compound in the second compound group is The carbon chain length is 13 or less, for example, in the range of 7 to 13. The first and second groups of compounds are, For example, ethyl esters, methyl esters, glyceryl esters (for example, 1-mono). Acylglycerides or monoacylglycerides such as 2-monoacylglycerides, fats Sodium salts of acids, potassium salts of fatty acids, calcium salts of fatty acids, magnesium salts of fatty acids This may include salt, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, as described herein Each of the compositions contains the first group of compounds of formula I (e.g., fatty acids and / or esters). It may also include a second group of compounds, the second group of compounds functioning as an emulsifier (for example) For example, fatty acid salts, phospholipids, lysophospholipids, glycoglycerolipids, glycolipids, fatty acids Ascorbyl esters, lactic acid esters, tartaric acid esters, malic acid esters, fumaroles Esters of citric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, pantothenic acid, Alternatively, it may be a fatty alcohol derivative (e.g., alkyl sulfate).

[0094] Fatty acids and / or esters in the first group of compounds, and milk in the second group of compounds The mass ratio with the coating agent is one of the previously given ranges (e.g., coating agent in solvent). The solubility of the coating agent is sufficient to dissolve, suspend, or disperse it in the solvent at the desired concentration. It may be within a certain range (min). The first group of compounds (with a carbon chain length of at least 14) and the second compound The mass ratio with the group of substances (carbon chain length of 13 or less, or emulsifier) ​​is in the range of approximately 2 to 200, for example. , about 2~100, 2~90, 2~80, 2~70, 2~60, 2~50, 2~40, 2~ 30, 2-25, 2-20, 2-15, 2-10, 2.5-200, 2.5-100, 2 0.5~90, 2.5~80, 2.5~70, 2.5~60, 2.5~50, 2.5~40 2.5~30, 2.5~25, 2.5~20, 2.5~15, 2.5~10, 3~20 0, 3-100, 3-90, 3-80, 3-70, 3-60, 3-50, 3-40, 3- 30, 3-25, 3-20, 3-15, 3-10, 4-200, 4-100, 4-90, 4-80, 4-70, 4-60, 4-50, 4-40, 4-30, 4-25, 4-20, 4-15, 4-10, 5-200, 5-100, 5-90, 5-80, 5-70, 5-6 0, 5-50, 5-40, 5-30, 5-25, 5-20, 5-15, or 5-10 could be.

[0095] As shown in Figure 19, fatty acid esters (e.g., monoacylglycerides) and various A mixture containing an emulsifier is used as a coating for agricultural products (e.g., fresh produce), and the mass The loss rate can be reduced. For example, as shown in Figure 19 and Example 14 below. Sea urchin, compound of formula I (PA-1G and SA-1G) and compound of formula II or III (S The coating formed on avocados from a 94:6 mixture of A-Na) is per day This resulted in a mass loss rate of 0.84% ​​(Bar 1902). Compound I (PA-1G) 94% of SA-1G) and a fatty alcohol derivative (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate): The coating formed on the avocado from the 6 mixture showed a mass loss of 0.69% per day. This resulted in a rate (Bar 1903). Compounds of formula I (PA-1G and SA-1G) and phosphorus A coating formed on avocado from a 70:30 mixture of lipids (e.g., lecithin) The result was a mass loss rate of 1.08% per day (Bar 1904). Exemplary mixture All of the mixtures were compared to the untreated control (bar 190) which had a mass loss rate of 1.44% per day. Compared to method 1), the avocado's mass loss rate was reduced.

[0096] As shown in Figures 20 and 21, fatty acid esters (e.g., monoacylglycerides) The concentration of ) and emulsifiers may affect the mass loss and respiratory coefficient of avocados. For example, as shown in Figure 20, the compounds of formula I (PA-1G and SA-1G) and The concentration of the 94:6 mixture with compound (SA-Na) of formula II or III is 20 g / L. When the concentration is increased from bar 2001 to 30 g / L (bar 2003), the mass loss coefficient becomes 1.5 The concentration was increased from 7 to 1.64. The concentration was changed from 30 g / L (Bar 2003) to 40 g / L (Bar 2 When increased to 005), the mass loss coefficient increased from 1.64 to 1.81. As can be seen in Figure 21, the respiratory index is also 1.21 (bar 2101) at 20 g / L. ) from 1.22 at 30g / L (bar 2103), 1.31 at 40g / L (bar 21 Increased to 05). Compounds of formula I (PA-1G and SA-1G) and fatty alcohol derivatives. Concentration dependence was also observed in a 94:6 mixture with an isomer (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate). As shown in Figure 20, the mass loss coefficient is 1.63 (Bar 2002) at 20 g / L. Therefore, 1.76 (bar 2004) at 30g / L, 1.88 (bar 200) at 40g / L 6) It increased accordingly. Accordingly, as can be seen in Figure 21, the respiratory index also increased to 20 g / L From 1.20 (bar 2102) to 1.34 (bar 2104) at 30g / L, 40g It increased to 1.41 (bar 2106) in / L.

[0097] As can be seen in Figure 22, at 45 g / L, the compounds of formula I (PA-1G and SA-1G) The contact angle of a 94:6 mixture of G) and the compound of formula II or III (SA-Na) is 95 The result was ±5°. As can be seen in Figure 23, the compound of formula I (PA-1G) at 45 g / L. and SA-1G) and a fatty alcohol derivative (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate) 9 The contact angle of the 4:6 mixture was 84±4°. While I don't want to be bound by theory, fat Mass when using alcohol derivatives (e.g., alkyl sulfates) as emulsifiers The increase in the loss coefficient was improved compared to the compound of formula II or III (SA-Na). This may be caused by humidity.

[0098] As described above, the coating agent is added to, dissolved in, suspended in, or dispersed in a solvent. This can form suspensions, colloids, or solutions. Various components of coating agents (For example, compounds of formula I, salts of formula II and / or III, and / or wet compounds) The agents may be combined before being added to the solvent, and then added together to the solvent. In other words, at least some of the components of the coating agent should be kept separate from the other components. It can be added to the solvent continuously (or at separate times).

[0099] The first group of compounds in solvents / solutions / suspensions / colloids (having at least 14 carbon chain lengths) The concentration of the compounds (formulas I, II, and / or III) is, for example, about 1 mg / mL to about A range of 200 mg / mL, for example, approximately 1-150 mg / mL, 1-100 mg / mL, 1 ~90mg / mL, 1~80mg / mL, 1~75mg / mL, 1~70mg / mL, 1 ~65mg / mL, 1~60mg / mL, 1~55mg / mL, 1~50mg / mL, 1 ~45mg / mL, 1~40mg / mL, 2~200mg / mL, 2~150mg / mL , 2~100mg / mL, 2~90mg / mL, 2~80mg / mL, 2~75mg / m L, 2~70mg / mL, 2~65mg / mL, 2~60mg / mL, 2~55mg / m L, 2~50mg / mL, 2~45mg / mL, 2~40mg / mL, 5~200mg / mL, 5~150mg / mL, 5~100mg / mL, 5~90mg / mL, 5~80m g / mL, 5~75mg / mL, 5~70mg / mL, 5~65mg / mL, 5~60m g / mL, 5~55mg / mL, 5~50mg / mL, 5~45mg / mL, 5~40m g / mL, 10~200mg / mL, 10~150mg / mL, 10~100mg / mL , 10~90mg / mL, 10~80mg / mL, 10~75mg / mL, 10~70m g / mL, 10~65mg / mL, 10~60mg / mL, 10~55mg / mL, 10 It may be ~50 mg / mL, 10~45 mg / mL, or 10~40 mg / mL.

[0100] Wetting agents or formulas I, II, and / or III in solvents / solutions / suspensions / colloids The second group of compounds (for example, compounds of formula I having a carbon chain length of 13 or less, and / or The concentration of the salts of formula II and / or III is, for example, about 0.01 mg / mL to about 2 0 mg / mL, for example, approximately 0.01 mg / mL to 15 mg / mL, 0.01 mg / mL to 12mg / mL, 0.01mg / mL~10mg / mL, 0.01mg / mL~9mg / mL, 0.01mg / mL~8mg / mL, 0.01mg / mL~7mg / mL, 0.0 1mg / mL~6mg / mL, 0.01mg / mL~5mg / mL, 0.1mg / mL~ 20 mg / mL, 0.1 mg / mL to 15 mg / mL, 0.1 mg / mL to 12 mg / mL L, 0.1 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL, 0.1 mg / mL to 9 mg / mL, 0.1 mg / mL to 8 mg / mL, 0.1 mg / mL to 7 mg / mL, 0.1 mg / mL to 6 mg / mL, 0.1 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL, 0.5 mg / mL to 20 mg / mL, 0.5 m g / mL to 15 mg / mL, 0.5 mg / mL to 12 mg / mL, 0.5 mg / mL to 1 0 mg / mL, 0.5 mg / mL to 9 mg / mL, 0.5 mg / mL to 8 mg / mL, 0 .5 mg / mL to 7 mg / mL, 0.5 mg / mL to 6 mg / mL, or 0.5 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL may be used.

[0101] The composition added to a solvent (e.g., a coating agent) is about 50% to about 99.9% by mass (e.g., about 60% to 99.9% by mass, 65% to 99.9% by mass, 70% by mass to 99.9% by mass, 75% to 99.9% by mass, 80% to 99.9% by mass, 85 % to 99.9% by mass, 90% to 99.9% by mass, 50% to 99% by mass, 60 % to 99% by mass, 65% to 99% by mass, 70% to 99% by mass, 75% to 99% by mass, 80% to 99% by mass, 85% to 99% by mass, 90% to 99% by mass %, 50% to 98% by mass, 60% to 98% by mass, 65% to 98% by mass, 70 % to 98% by mass, 75% to 98% by mass, 80% to 98% by mass, 85% to 98% by mass, 90% to 98% by mass, 50% to 96% by mass, 60% to 96% by mass %, 65% to 96% by mass, 70% to 96% by mass, 75% to 96% by mass, 80 % - 96% by mass, 85% to 96% by mass, 90% to 96% by mass, 50% to 94% by mass, 60% by mass ~ 94% by mass, 65% by mass ~ 94% by mass, 70% by mass ~ 94% by mass %, 75% by mass to 94% by mass, 80% by mass to 94, 85% by mass to 94% by mass, or 90 Fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts, or combinations thereof in mass% to 94% by mass The first group of compounds (for example, compounds of formula I and / or salts of formula II or III) ) may consist of, optionally each compound in the first group optionally having a carbon chain length of at least 14 In some embodiments, the compounds of the first group are fatty acid esters, for example, mono- It is a silglyceride.

[0102] The composition added to the solvent (e.g., coating agent) is approximately 0.1% by mass to approximately 50% by mass. % (for example, about 0.1% by mass ~ 45% by mass, 0.1% by mass ~ 40% by mass, 0.1% by mass ~ 35% by mass, 0.1% by mass to 30% by mass, 0.1% by mass to 25% by mass, 0.1% by mass to 2 0 mass%, 0.1 mass%~15 mass%, 0.1 mass%~10 mass%, 0.1 mass%~8 quality Amount%, 0.1% by mass to 6% by mass, 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass, 0.1% by mass to 4% by mass, 0 .4% by mass ~ 50% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 45% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 40% by mass, 0. 4% by mass to 35% by mass, 0.4% by mass to 30% by mass, 0.4% by mass to 25% by mass, 0.4 Mass%~20mass%, 0.4mass%~15mass%, 0.4mass%~10mass%, 0.4mass% Amount% ~ 8% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 6% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 5% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 4 Mass%, 0.7% by mass ~ 50% by mass, 0.7% by mass ~ 45% by mass, 0.7% by mass ~ 40% by mass Amount%, 0.7% by mass to 35% by mass, 0.7% by mass to 30% by mass, 0.7% by mass to 25% by mass %, 0.7% by mass to 20% by mass, 0.7% by mass to 15% by mass, 0.7% by mass to 10% by mass , 0.7% by mass to 8% by mass, 0.7% by mass to 6% by mass, 0.7% by mass to 5% by mass, 0.7 Mass%~4mass%, 1mass%~50mass%, 1mass%~45mass%, 1mass%~40mass %, 1% by mass ~ 35% by mass, 1% by mass ~ 30% by mass, 1% by mass ~ 25% by mass, 1% by mass ~ 20% by mass, 1% by mass to 15% by mass, 1% by mass to 10% by mass, 1% by mass to 8% by mass, 1 quality Fatty acids, fatty acid e A second group of compounds consisting of sterols, fatty acid salts, or combinations thereof (e.g., compounds of formula I) It may consist of (and / or compounds of formula II and / or III), each of the second group The compound has a carbon chain length of 13 or less (for example, a carbon chain length in the range of 7 to 13). The compounds of the second group can function as wetting agents, as described above.

[0103] The composition added to the solvent (e.g., coating agent) is a compound of formula II or III. Consists of salts of substances or fatty acid salts, in an amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 50% by mass (for example, approximately 0.1% by mass) Amount% ~ 45% by mass, 0.1% by mass ~ 40% by mass, 0.1% by mass ~ 35% by mass, 0.1% by mass %~30% by mass, 0.1% by mass~25% by mass, 0.1% by mass~20% by mass, 0.1% by mass ~15% by mass, 0.1% by mass ~ 10% by mass, 0.1% by mass ~ 8% by mass, 0.1% by mass ~ 6 Mass%, 0.1% by mass ~ 5% by mass, 0.1% by mass ~ 4% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 50% by mass , 0.4% by mass ~ 45% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 40% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 35% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 30% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 25% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 20% by mass, 0 .4% by mass to 15% by mass, 0.4% by mass to 10% by mass, 0.4% by mass to 8% by mass, 0.4 Mass% ~ 6% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 5% by mass, 0.4% by mass ~ 4% by mass, 0.7% by mass 50% by mass, 0.7% by mass ~ 45% by mass, 0.7% by mass ~ 40% by mass, 0.7% by mass ~ 3 5% by mass, 0.7% by mass to 30% by mass, 0.7% by mass to 25% by mass, 0.7% by mass to 20 Mass%, 0.7% to 15% by mass, 0.7% to 10% by mass, 0.7% to 8% by mass %, 0.7% by mass to 6% by mass, 0.7% by mass to 5% by mass, 0.7% by mass to 4% by mass, 1 quality Amount% ~ 50% by mass, 1% by mass ~ 45% by mass, 1% by mass ~ 40% by mass, 1% by mass ~ 35% by mass %, 1% by mass ~ 30% by mass, 1% by mass ~ 25% by mass, 1% by mass ~ 20% by mass, 1% by mass ~ 15% by mass, 1% by mass to 10% by mass, 1% by mass to 8% by mass, 1% by mass to 6% by mass, 1% by mass It may consist of a third group of compounds in amounts of % to 5% by mass, or 1% to 4% by mass. Each of these compounds may optionally have a carbon chain length greater than 13. Compounds of the third group It can function as an emulsifier, for example, as mentioned above, the solubility of the coating agent. It can be increased.

[0104] Any of the coating solutions / suspensions / colloids described herein may contain antimicrobial agents, for example It may further contain ethanol or citric acid. In some implementations, antimicrobial agents is a part or component of the solvent. None of the coating solutions described herein are It may further contain other ingredients or additives, such as sodium bicarbonate.

[0105] In some implementations, a coating agent described herein is formed on agricultural products. The coating may be configured to alter the surface energy of agricultural products. The various properties of the coating described are the crosslinking density of the coating, its thickness, or other factors. This can be adjusted by adjusting the chemical composition of the fruit after harvest or It can be used to control the maturation of agricultural products, for example, mainly bifunctional or polyfunctional mono-particles. Coatings formed from coating agents containing mer units are, for example, monofunctional mer units. It can have a higher crosslinking density than those containing one unit. Therefore, it can have bifunctional properties and A coating formed from polyfunctional monomer units may, in some cases, be monofunctional. Compared to coatings formed from Mar units, this may result in a slower maturation rate. be.

[0106] In some implementations, wetting the surface to which the coating solution / suspension / colloid is applied is To improve the coating, one or more of the above-mentioned wetting agents are used, but the wetting agent is a coating It is not included in the solution / suspension / colloid. Instead, the wetting agent is used as a second solvent (coating). The agent is added to the solvent (which may be the same as or different from the solvent to which it is added) to form a second mixture. The second mixture is used before applying the coating liquid / suspension / colloid to the surface. It is applied to the surface to be coated. In this case, the second mixture coats the surface to be coated. It can be used as a primer, and as a result, the contact of the coating solution / suspension / colloid with the surface. The corners become smaller than if this were not done, which improves surface wetting.

[0107] Any of the coating agents described herein may further contain additional materials. It is then transferred to the surface along with the coating, or deposited separately, and then coated Encapsulated by coating (for example, the coating is less around the additional material) They are formed partially together, or deposited separately and then supported by a coating. (For example, additional material is fixed to the outer surface of the coating.) Examples of materials include cells, biological signaling molecules, vitamins, minerals, pigments, aromas, and enzymes. This may include catalysts, antifungal agents, antimicrobial agents, and / or sustained-release drugs. Additional materials may include It may be nonreactive with the coated product and / or the surface of the coating. These may be reactive with surfaces and / or coatings.

[0108] In some implementations, the coating is measured, for example, by its viscosity, vapor pressure, and surface tension. Additives may be included that are configured to modify the force or solubility. For example, additives can be configured to increase the chemical stability of the coating. These could be antioxidants configured to inhibit oxidation of the coating. In application, the additive lowers or raises the melting temperature or glass transition temperature of the coating. It is possible. In some implementations, the additive allows water vapor, oxygen, and other elements to pass through the coating. To reduce the diffusivity of CO2 or ethylene, or for example, agricultural products (or this specification To protect any of the other products listed in the book, the coating is more purple It is configured to absorb ultraviolet (UV) light. In some implementations, additives are intentionally It provides fragrances, such as scents of flowers, fruits, plants, freshness, and aromatics. It can be configured in such a way. In some implementations, the additive may be configured to provide color, for example. For example, it may contain dyes or coloring additives approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). ru.

[0109] Any of the coating agents described herein or coatings formed therefrom It may be tasteless, or it may have a high flavor threshold, for example, exceeding 500 ppm. It can be odorless or have a high odor threshold. In the embodiments described herein, the materials included in any of the coatings described herein are substantially It can be transparent. For example, coating agents, solvents, and / or coatings. Any other additives included are selected so that they have substantially the same or similar refractive index. They can be selected. By matching their refractive indices, they can be optically matched, and light Scattering can be reduced and light transmission can be improved. For example, having a similar refractive index, and By utilizing a material with transparent properties at the rear, a coating with substantially transparent characteristics is achieved. A ting may be formed.

[0110] The compositions described herein (e.g., coating agents) may be of high purity. For example, the composition is substantially diglycerides, triglycerides, and acetylated monoglycerides. Proteins, polysaccharides, phenols, lignans, aromatic acids, terpenoids, flavonoids Alkaloids, carotenoids, alkaloids, alcohols, alkanes, and / or aldehydes It may not be included (for example, less than 10% by mass, less than 9% by mass, less than 8% by mass, 7% by mass) Less than, less than 6% by mass, or less than 5% by mass, less than 4% by mass, less than 3% by mass, less than 2% by mass , or less than 1% by mass). In some embodiments, the composition is less than 10% by mass (for example For example, less than 9% by mass, less than 8% by mass, less than 7% by mass, less than 6% by mass, less than 5% by mass, 4% by mass Contains diglycerides in amounts less than %, less than 3% by mass, less than 2% by mass, or less than 1% by mass. In some embodiments, the composition contains less than 10% by mass (for example, less than 9% by mass, less than 8% by mass). Full, less than 7% by mass, less than 6% by mass, less than 5% by mass, less than 4% by mass, less than 3% by mass, 2% by mass Contains triglycerides in amounts less than % or less than 1% by mass. In some embodiments, the composition The substance is less than 10% by mass (for example, less than 9% by mass, less than 8% by mass, less than 7% by mass, 6% by mass) Less than, less than 5% by mass, less than 4% by mass, less than 3% by mass, less than 2% by mass, or less than 1% by mass It contains acetylated monoglycerides.

[0111] Any of the coatings described herein may be applied to agricultural products using any preferred means. Alternatively, it may be placed on the outer surface of another substrate. For example, the substrate may be a coating compound (e.g., It can be coated by immersion in a tank of aqueous solution or water-organic mixed solution or organic solution. The deposited coating can form a thin layer on the surface of agricultural products, which is raw It can protect agricultural products from physical stressors, moisture loss, and / or oxidation. In some implementations, the deposited coating was less than 10 microns, less than 9 microns. Less than 8 microns, less than 7 microns, less than 6 microns, less than 5 microns, less than 4 microns, It can have a thickness of less than 3 microns, less than 2 microns, or less than approximately 1500 nm. The coating may be transparent to the naked eye. For example, a deposited coating Coating is approximately 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 10 0nm, approx. 150nm, approx. 200nm, approx. 250nm, approx. 300nm, approx. 350nm, approx. 400nm, approx. 450nm, approx. 500nm, approx. 550nm, approx. 600nm, approx. 650nm , about 700nm, about 750nm, about 800nm, about 850nm, about 900nm, about 950 nm, 1,000nm, approx. 1,100nm, approx. 1,200nm, approx. 1,300nm, approx. 1 ,400nm, approx. 1,500nm, approx. 1,600nm, approx. 1,700nm, approx. 1,800 nm, approx. 1,900nm, approx. 2,000nm, approx. 2,100nm, approx. 2,200nm, approx. 2,300nm, approx. 2,400nm, approx. 2,500nm, approx. 2,600nm, approx. 2,70 Having a thickness of 0 nm, approximately 2,800 nm, approximately 2,900 nm, or approximately 3,000 nm. This includes all ranges between these.

[0112] In some implementations, the deposited coating is deposited substantially and uniformly on the substrate. It may be, and may not have defects and / or small holes. In some implementations, immersion coating The coating process involves self-organizing or covalent bonding on agricultural products to form a coating. This includes continuous coating of agricultural products in a tank of coating precursors that can undergo coating. Obtain. In some implementations, the coating is applied to agricultural products using a coating solution / suspension / coating solution. Passing under an id flow (e.g., a coating solution / suspension / colloidal waterfall) It can be deposited on agricultural products by coating them with a coating solution / suspension. For example, agricultural products can be coated with a coating solution / suspension. It can be placed on a conveyor that passes through a liquid / colloid flow. In some implementations The coating is applied to the surface of agricultural products by spraying it in a mist with steam or dry steam. It can be deposited. In some implementations, the coating solution / suspension / colloid is For example, by brushing it onto the surface, the surface of the product to be coated It can be mechanically applied to a surface. In some embodiments, the coating is UV crosslinked. or are fixed to the surface of agricultural products by exposure to a reactive gas, such as oxygen. It can be composed of the following.

[0113] In some implementations, the coating solution / suspension / colloid is sprayed onto agricultural products. It can be applied. Using a commercially available sprayer, the coating solution / suspension / colloid can be applied to agricultural products. It can be sprayed onto objects. In some implementations, the coating formulation is sprayed onto agricultural products. The material can be charged in the sprayer before spray coating, and as a result, the deposited coating The coating electrostatically and / or covalently bonds to the outer surface of agricultural products.

[0114] As described above, the coating formed from the coating agents described herein is It prevents moisture loss from the coated parts of the plant or other moisture loss, and slows down ripening. to reduce oxidation of the coated parts of the plant, It can be configured to prevent oxygen diffusion into the coated part of the plant. The g also contains carbon dioxide and / or it can function as a barrier against ethylene diffusion. The coating is For example, bacteria, fungi, and viruses that can penetrate and corrode the coated parts of plants. Protect the coated parts of the plant from biological stressors such as insects and / or pests. It can be protected. Bacteria, fungi, and pests are all present on the surface of agricultural products. To identify food sources by recognizing molecules, agricultural products are coated with a coating agent. This allows molecularly symmetric molecules to be deposited on the surface of parts of the plant, which is agricultural It can make objects unrecognizable. Furthermore, the coating also affects the physical and / or surface of agricultural products. Alternatively, it can change the chemical environment, making it more favorable for the growth of bacteria, fungi, or pests. To prevent damage. The coating also prevents wear, scratches, or other damage to parts of the plant's surface. To protect from mechanical damage and / or to protect parts of the plant from photodegradation They can be combined. Parts of a plant may include, for example, leaves, stems, buds, flowers, fruits, and roots.

[0115] Using any of the coatings described herein, agricultural products (e.g., fresh produce) By reducing the mass loss rate of ) during transport and storage (e.g., moisture), Reducing the humidity generated by agricultural products (e.g., fresh produce) through loss Yes, it is possible. For example, as seen in Example 16, the compound of formula I in 50 g / L of water ( 94 (SA-1G and PA-1G) and compound of formula II or formula III (SA-Na) :6 The mass loss from the group of lemons coated with the mixture was greater than that of the untreated control group over a day. This was 0.37% per day, compared to 1.61% in the untreated group (i.e., Compared to 72% humidity, the coated group underwent 48 hours in a refrigerated warehouse. Supports lower humidity levels (i.e., 61% humidity) in cold storage. did.

[0116] In some embodiments, the agricultural product is compared to the measured untreated product in terms of mass loss. The rates should be at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 5% Reduce by 0%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90% or more. It is coated with a composition. In some embodiments, the coating described herein When processing agricultural products using either of the following methods, at least 1.1, at least 1.2 , at least 1.3, at least 1.4, at least 1.5, at least 1.6, less All 1.7, at least 1.8, at least 1.9, at least 2.0, at least 2. 2. Mass of at least 2.4, at least 2.6, at least 2.8, and at least 3.0 A loss factor can be given. In some embodiments, the coating described herein When agricultural products are treated using either of the following methods, they will last longer during storage compared to untreated products. The generated humidity should be at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, It can be reduced by 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or more. In some embodiments, The reduction in the mass loss rate of agricultural products is due to the relative humidity being kept at a predetermined level during storage or transport (for example, Relative humidity below 90%, relative humidity below 85%, relative humidity below 80%, relative humidity below 75%, Relative humidity 70% or less, relative humidity 65% ​​or less, relative humidity 60% or less, relative humidity 55% or less, The energy required to maintain a relative humidity of 50% or less, or 45% or less It can be reduced. In some embodiments, the relative humidity during storage or transport can be reduced to a predetermined level. Energy required to maintain a level (for example, one of the predetermined levels above) Compared to the untreated product, it is at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 1% 5%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 6 It could decrease by 5%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or even 90% or more.

[0117] Using any of the coatings described herein, agricultural products (e.g., fresh produce) By reducing the respiration rate of agricultural products (for example) during transport and storage, This can reduce the heat generated by fresh foods. As shown in Example 17. As shown, the compounds of formula I (SA-1G and PA-1G) and formula II at 50 g / L in water. Alternatively, avocado coated with a 94:6 mixture of a compound of formula III(SA-Na). The energy used to maintain the temperature (16°C) of the untreated group for 72 hours was the same as that used for the untreated control group. It was 0.85kWh, compared to 1.19kWh. In some embodiments, production The material, compared to the untreated product (measured as described above), has a respiratory rate of at least 1 0%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 6 Compositions that reduce by 0%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or more to coat In some embodiments, the reduction in heat generated by agricultural products is used for storage. Alternatively, reduce the energy required to maintain temperature (e.g., a predetermined temperature) during transport. This is possible. In some embodiments, the heat generated is compared to the untreated product. , at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% for coated products 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% It can be reduced by 80%, 85%, 90% or more. In some embodiments, The processed product is heated to a predetermined temperature (for example, below 25°C, below 23°C, below 20°C, 1 Below 8°C, below 15°C, below 13°C, below 10°C, below 8°C, below 5°C, or below 3°C The energy required to maintain this state is at least 1% compared to the unprocessed product. 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or more It may decrease upwards.

[0118] The following are approximate respiration rates for various types of agricultural products (e.g., fresh produce). [Table 1-1] [Table 1-2]

[0119] In some embodiments, the methods and compositions described herein are schematically shown in Figure 24. Stored and / or transported in refrigerated containers or “reefer” 2400, as exemplified. It is used to process agricultural products (e.g., fresh produce), as shown in Figure 24. The heat from the respiration of agricultural products contributes to the overall heat inside the refrigerated container. Several implementations In this context, the methods and compositions described herein are used in refrigerated containers or "reefers". To reduce the heat generated by the respiration of agricultural products (e.g., fresh produce) inside, processing The respiration rate of processed agricultural products (e.g., fresh produce) can be reduced. In terms of application, the methods and compositions described herein are used in refrigerated containers or "reefer containers". - is produced by the mass loss (e.g., water loss) of agricultural products (e.g., fresh food) within the "" To reduce humidity, the mass loss rate of processed agricultural products (e.g., fresh produce) is reduced. It can be made to happen.

[0120] The methods and compositions described herein also prevent uneven ripening of agricultural products The temperature that arises from stacking or palletizing goods (e.g., fresh food) It can be used to minimize or reduce humidity gradients. Agricultural products (e.g., fresh produce) can be stacked upright during storage, or agricultural products In order to increase the circulation of goods (for example, fresh food), stacking them in a different way is possible. (For example, cross-stacking). Within the agricultural supply chain, the boxes of agricultural products are shipped. Sometimes, a straight stack is preferable to improve air circulation and prevent uneven maturation. The orientation can be changed to a cross-stack that can be used during storage. (Figure 25) As shown in Example 18, compounds of formula I (PA-1G and SA-1G) and formula II Alternatively, coating agricultural products with a 94:6 mixture of compound III (SA-Na) The rate at which the temperature rises within the stack of avocados in the box after being removed from a 10°C storage location. This can reduce the amount of waste. As shown in Figure 25, after removal from a 10°C refrigerated warehouse The rate at which the temperature of agricultural products rises is slower in processed agricultural products during the first three days after removal. Untreated straight-stacked and cross-stacked produce was processed straight-stacked. Compared to farm-to-table produce, it lasts longer under ambient storage conditions for the first three days. The amount of heat generated was such that untreated straight-stacked produce generated the most heat. Therefore, The temperature gradient across the entire pallet should also decrease, allowing for more uniform and predictable maturation. In some embodiments, heat generated within the stack of agricultural products (e.g., from respiration) When agricultural products are coated with a coating composition that reduces the amount of straight stacking, Minimize the need to change the direction of the stack to an alternative stack (e.g., cross-stack). By doing so, the amount of labor required throughout the entire agricultural supply chain can be reduced. Cut.

[0121] In some embodiments, treating agricultural products with a coating that reduces the respiration rate, The rate at which the temperature rises within the stack (for example, when removing from a cold storage warehouse) is compared to the rate at which the temperature rises within the stack. Compared to the previous day, the temperature was at least 0.5°C per day, at least 1.0°C per day, and per day At least 1.5°C per unit area, at least 2.0°C per day, and at least 2 per day. 5℃, at least 3.0℃ per day, at least 3.5℃ per day, less per day A decrease of at least 4.0°C, at least 4.5°C per day, or at least 5°C per day. It can be made possible. In some embodiments, a coating that reduces the respiration rate can be used in agriculture. Processing the product reduces the equilibrium temperature difference between the atmosphere and the average temperature of the stack to at least 0.5°C. , at least 1.0℃, at least 1.5℃, at least 2.0℃, at least 2.5℃ , at least 3.0℃, at least 3.5℃, at least 4.0℃, at least 4.5℃ or at least a 5°C reduction is possible.

[0122] Any of the coatings described herein may be used to protect any agricultural product. It is possible. In some embodiments, the coating is applied to edible agricultural products, for example, fruits. Food, vegetables, edible seeds and nuts, herbs, spices, agricultural products, meat, eggs, dairy products, seafood It can be coated onto corn, grain, or any other consumable. In the embodiment, the coating is non-toxic and resistant to consumption by humans and / or animals. It may contain ingredients that are safe. For example, the coating may be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (F). DA) Approved direct or indirect food additive, FDA approved food contact substance, food additive or meets FDA regulatory requirements for use as a food contact substance, and / or Or it is generally recognized as safe by the FDA (GRAS: Generally Recognized as Safe). It may contain components that are gnized as Safe material. An example is "http: / / www.accessdata.fda.gov / script FDA information can be found at s / cdrh / cfdocs / cfcfr / cfrsearch.cfm It is found in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, and its entirety is incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the coating components are nutritional supplements or dietary supplements. It may contain the following ingredients. The coating ingredients may also be FDA-approved food additives or Colorants may be included. In some embodiments, the coating is as described herein. As such, it may include naturally derived ingredients. In some embodiments, The flavoring may be tasteless or have a high flavor threshold of less than 500 ppm. It can be odorless or has a high odor threshold, and / or is substantial It is transparent. In some embodiments, the coating is, for example, used to dissolve edible agricultural products in water. It can be configured to be rinsed away.

[0123] In some embodiments, the coatings described herein are formed on non-edible agricultural products. It is possible. Such non-edible agricultural products include, for example, non-edible flowers, seeds, sprouts, stems, leaves, This may include the entire plant, etc. In such embodiments, the coating is made of non-toxic materials. It may contain certain substances, but the non-toxic threshold level is higher than that specified for edible agricultural products. There is a possibility that the coating may be an FDA-approved food contact substance. FDA-approved food additives, or FDA-approved drug ingredients, for example, the full content is by reference. The following is incorporated herein: "http: / / www.accessdata.fda.g You can find it at "ov / scripts / cder / drugsatfda / index.cfm" It may contain any ingredient that is included in the FDA database of approved drugs. In some embodiments, the coating meets FDA requirements for use in pharmaceuticals. The FDA's National Drug Discovery Code Directory, “http: / / w www.accessdata.fda.gov / scripts / cder / ndc / d It may include materials listed in "efault.cfm". Several implementations In terms of form, the materials are from the FDA database, the full contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. “http: / / www.accessdata.fda.gov / scripts / c Approved drugs such as those listed in "der / ndc / default.cfm" It may contain inert drug components.

[0124] The embodiments of the coating described herein include, for example, several advantages, including the following: The points to be provided are: (1) The coating protects against biological stressors, i.e., bacteria, viruses (2) The coating can protect agricultural products from fungi or pests, and the water vapor To prevent the emission and / or the diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and / or ethylene. (3) The coating can preserve agricultural products, such as harvested agricultural products, without refrigeration. (4) The coating can help extend the lifespan of the pipes, and the coating can help extend the lifespan of agricultural products. It can introduce mechanical stability and is designed to prevent types of damage that accelerate decay. (5) Use agricultural waste to obtain coatings, eliminating the need for expensive packaging. This can help eliminate the breeding grounds for bacteria, fungi, and pests. (6) Coatings are used as an alternative to pesticides to protect plants, thereby (7) Coatings can minimize the adverse effects of pesticides on human health and the environment. Because it is naturally derived, it may be safe for human consumption. In some cases, The coating components described herein can be obtained from agricultural waste, therefore Such coatings can be manufactured at a relatively low cost. Therefore, the coating is For example, reducing the cost required to protect crops from pesticides, and biological and / or By reducing post-harvest losses of agricultural products caused by spoilage due to environmental stressors, Therefore, it may be particularly suitable for small-scale agricultural operators.

[0125] Market segmentation has led to the development of coating agents or coating solutions / suspensions / colloids. Preparation / formation, and coating from coating solution / suspension / colloid onto a substrate. The formation of this is often carried out by different groups or entities. For example, this The manufacturer of the coating agent and other compositions described in the specification (i.e., the first entity) The composition can be formed by one or more methods described herein. Next, The manufacturer distributes the resulting composition to a second party, such as an agricultural producer, shipper, or distributor of agricultural products. It may be sold or otherwise provided to a dealer or retailer, and the second entity may, The composition can be applied to one or more agricultural products to form a protective coating on the agricultural products. Alternatively, the manufacturer may sell the resulting composition to an intermediary, such as a wholesaler. It can be supplied in other ways, and then wholesalers can supply agricultural producers, shippers, and distributors of agricultural products. The composition is sold or otherwise provided to a second party such as a distributor or retailer. The second method involves applying the composition to one or more agricultural products to form a protective coating on the agricultural products. It is possible.

[0126] When multiple organizations are involved, the first organization may optionally include the composition (i.e., coating). Instructions or recommendations regarding the agent may be provided in writing or orally, and this is permitted. One or more of the following: (i) The composition extends the lifespan of agricultural products by preventing spoilage of agricultural products. To reduce losses, or to change or improve the aesthetic appearance of agricultural products, (ii) Intended to be applied to agricultural products for coating or protection purposes, Conditions and / or methods suitable for applying the product to the surface of agricultural products, and / or (iii) Potential benefits that may arise from the application of the composition to agricultural products (e.g., shelf life) (e.g., extension, reduction in mass loss rate, reduction in mold growth and / or spoilage rate). Instructions or recommendations The recommendation may be provided directly by the first organization along with the plant extract composition (for example). (On the packaging on which the composition is sold or distributed) Alternatively, instructions or recommendations may be, for example. For example, on a website owned or controlled by the first entity, or the first Advertising or marketing materials provided by or on behalf of the first organization The ingredients may be provided separately.

[0127] Taking the above into consideration, in some cases, composition according to one or more methods described herein. Manufacturing a substance (i.e., a coating agent) or a coating solution / suspension / colloid. The group (i.e., the first group) does not directly form a coating on agricultural products from the composition. Perhaps, but instead, the second group will form a coating on the agricultural product from the composition. They can be instructed (for example, they can be given instructions or requests). The first organization coats agricultural products with the methods and compositions described herein. Even if not, the first organization can provide the above instructions or recommendations to the Coordinator. Applying a coating agent or solution to agricultural products can form a protective coating on them. Yes, it is possible. Therefore, when used in this specification, coating agents or solutions / suspensions / The act of applying colloids to products (e.g., plants or agricultural products) is also called coating. To instruct or direct another group to apply an agent or solution to a product, thereby This also includes applying a coating agent or solution to the product. [Examples]

[0128] In the following examples, various coating agents and solutions / suspensions / colloids are used on various substrates. The effects on various coating agents and solutions / suspensions / colloids The features of these embodiments are described below. These embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of this disclosure. It is not intended to do so. In each of the following examples, all reagents and solvents are It was purchased and used without further purification unless otherwise specified.

[0129] Example 1: Co-formed with long-chain fatty acid esters relative to the mass loss rate of finger lime The impact of ting Figure 1 shows the results of various mixtures of PA-2G and PA-1G measured over several days. This graph shows the average daily mass loss rate for coated finger limes. Each bar in the graph represents the average daily mass loss rate for a group of 24 finger limes. The finger lime corresponding to bar 102 was unprocessed. Finger Lime is coated with a coating agent that is essentially pure PA-1G. The finger lime corresponding to bar 106 contains approximately 75% by mass of PA-1G and 25% by mass. It was coated with a coating agent that is PA-2G in a certain percentage. The coating is made of approximately 50% PA-1G and 50% PA-2G by mass. It was coated with a coating agent. The finger lime corresponding to bar 110 is approximately 25% by mass. The material was coated with a coating agent consisting of PA-1G and 75% by mass of PA-2G. The Finger Lime corresponding to Bar 112 is essentially a pure PA-2G Coating The coating agents were dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 10 mg / mL. Dissolve, form a solution, apply the solution to the surface of the corresponding finger lime, and coat. It formed a group.

[0130] To form the coating, the finger limes are placed in a bag containing the composition. The solution was poured into the bag. Then, the bag was sealed, ensuring that the entire surface of each finger lime was wet. Stir lightly until done. Next, remove the finger limes from the bag and dry them on a drying rack. They did. Finger limes are drying and being tested. During the period, the ambient room temperature was in the range of approximately 23°C to 27°C and the humidity in the range of approximately 40% to 55%. It was maintained under internal conditions.

[0131] As shown in Figure 1, untreated finger limes (102) yielded a 5.3% average daily yield. A homogeneous mass loss rate was observed. Substantially pure PA-1G formulation (104) and substantially pure The mass loss rate of finger limes coated with PA-2G formulation (112) is: They exhibited average daily mass loss rates of 4.3% and 3.7%, respectively. Bar 106 (PA-1 (75:25 mass ratio of G to PA-2G) and 108 (5 of PA-1G to PA-2G) The finger lime group corresponding to a 0:50 mass ratio both had an average daily quality of 3.4%. A mass loss rate was observed. Compared to bar 110 (mass ratio of PA-1G to PA-2G of 25:75) The corresponding finger limes exhibited an average daily mass loss rate of 2.5%.

[0132] Example 2: Formation of long-chain fatty acids and / or esters in avocado mass loss rate Effects of the applied coating Nine solutions using combinations of long-chain fatty acid esters were prepared and applied to avocado. A treatment with a solution consisting of a coating agent dissolved in a solvent to form a coating. The effect of various coating agent compositions on the mass loss rate of avocado was investigated. Each solution was 5 It consists of a coating agent, described later, dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of mg / mL.

[0133] The first solution contained MA-1G and PA-2G combined in a molar ratio of 1:3. The second solution contained MA-1G and PA-2G combined in a 1:1 molar ratio. Solution 3 contained MA-1G and PA-2G combined in a molar ratio of 3:1. 4 The solution contained PA-1G and PA-2G combined in a molar ratio of 3:1. The solution contained PA-1G and PA-2G combined in a 1:1 molar ratio. The sixth solution The solution contained PA-1G and PA-2G combined in a 1:3 molar ratio. Solution 7 It contained SA-1G and PA-2G combined in a molar ratio of 1:3. The eighth solution was The ninth solution contained SA-1G and PA-2G combined in a 1:1 molar ratio. It contains SA-1G and PA-2G combined in a molar ratio of 3:1.

[0134] The avocados were harvested at the same time and divided into nine groups of 30 avocados each, with each group being of a certain quality. They were essentially identical (i.e., all groups had avocados of roughly the same average size and quality). (It had). To form a coating, each avocado was immersed individually in one of the solutions. The avocados were then pickled, with each of the 30 avocados treated in the same solution. Next, the avocados were placed on a drying rack. Place the device in an ambient environment with a temperature range of approximately 23°C to 27°C and a relative humidity range of approximately 40% to 55%. They were dried under indoor conditions. All the avocados were dried during the period they were being tested. They were kept under the same temperature and humidity conditions.

[0135] Figure 2 shows the mass loss coefficients for avocados coated with the various solutions described above. This is a graph. Bars 202, 204, and 206 are approximately 1:3, 1:1, and 1:3, respectively. and MA-1G combined in a molar ratio of 3:1 (first, second, and third solutions) Compatible with PA-2G. Bars 212, 214, and 216 are approximately 1:3, 1 PA- Compatible with 1G and PA-2G. Bars 222, 224, and 226 are approximately 1: Combined in molar ratios of 3, 1:1, and 3:1 (solutions 7, 8, and 9) Compatible with SA-1G and PA-2G.

[0136] As shown in Figure 2, the treatment with the first solution (202) yielded a mass loss coefficient of 1.48. The treatment with the second solution (204) resulted in a mass loss coefficient of 1.42, and the third Treatment with solution (206) resulted in a mass loss coefficient of 1.35, and the fourth solution (212) The treatment with ) resulted in a mass loss coefficient of 1.53, and the treatment with the fifth solution (214) was, This resulted in a mass loss coefficient of 1.45, and the treatment with the sixth solution (216) yielded a mass loss coefficient of 1.58. This results in a loss factor, and the treatment with the seventh solution (222) has a mass loss factor of 1.54. Furthermore, treatment with the 8th solution (224) resulted in a mass loss coefficient of 1.47, and the 9th solution Treatment with liquid (226) resulted in a mass loss coefficient of 1.52.

[0137] Figure 3 shows the results of coating with long-chain fatty acid esters and mixtures containing long-chain fatty acids, respectively. This graph shows the mass loss coefficient for avocado. All mixtures are fatty acid esters. The mixture was a 1:1 molar ratio of the compound and fatty acid. Bars 301-303 were MA -1G and MA(301), MA-1G and PA(302), and MA-1G and SA(30 3) corresponds to the coating agent composed of the above. Bars 311-313 are PA-1G and MA (311) PA-1G and PA(312), and PA-1G and SA(313) It is compatible with coating agents. Bars 321-323 are SA-1G and MA(321), The coating consists of SA-1G and PA(322), and SA-1G and SA(323). Corresponds to coating agents. Each bar in the graph represents a group of 30 avocados. All coating agents The process involves adding avocado to a solution containing a related mixture dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 5 mg / mL. Soak the avocados in the solution, place them on a drying rack, and let them air dry at a temperature of approximately 23°C to 27°C. and formed by drying under ambient room conditions with humidity in the range of approximately 40% to 55%. The avocados were tested under these same temperature and humidity conditions during the period they were being tested. It was held.

[0138] As shown, as the carbon chain length of fatty acid esters increases, the mass loss coefficient increases There was a tendency for it to add. For example, all mixtures in which the carbon chain length of the ester exceeds 13, All mixtures that result in a mass loss coefficient greater than 0.2 and have an ester carbon chain length greater than 15 The substance results in a mass loss coefficient exceeding 1.35, and the carbon chain length of the ester exceeds 17. All mixtures resulted in a mass loss coefficient greater than 1.6.

[0139] Figure 4 shows a mixture containing two different long-chain fatty acid ester compounds in a 1:1 molar ratio. The graph shows the mass loss coefficient for avocados coated with different coating agents. Yes. Bar 402 corresponds to a mixture of SA-1G and PA-1G, and bar 404 corresponds to S Bar 406 corresponds to a mixture of A-1G and MA-1G, and PA-1G and MA-1 Corresponds to a mixture of G. Each bar in the graph represents a group of 30 avocados. All codes The formula consists of a related mixture in which avocado is dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 5 mg / mL. Immerse the avocados in the prepared solution, place them on a drying rack, and dry them at approximately 23°C to 27°C. Dry under ambient room conditions with a temperature in the range of 40% to 55% humidity. They were formed by these. Avocados were subjected to these same temperatures during the period they were being tested. It was kept under conditions of humidity. As shown, the PA-1G / MA-1G mixture (406) This results in a mass loss coefficient of 1.47, and the SA-1G / PA-1G mixture (402) is 1 The SA-1G / MA-1G mixture (1604) yields a mass loss coefficient of 0.54, and is 1. This resulted in a mass loss factor of 60.

[0140] Example 3: Concentration of coating agent relative to the mass loss rate of coated blueberries Impact A coating agent formed from PA-2G and PA-1G mixed in a mass ratio of 75:25. Two solutions were prepared by dissolving in substantially pure ethanol. The first solution For the solution, the coating agent is dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 10 mg / mL, and the second solution For the solution, the coating agent was dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 20 mg / mL.

[0141] The blueberries were harvested at the same time and divided into three groups, each consisting of 60 blueberries. Each of them was qualitatively identical (i.e., all groups had approximately the same average size and quality). (The blueberries were...) The first group was the control group of untreated blueberries, and the second group... The first group was treated with a 10 mg / mL solution, and the third group was treated with a 20 mg / mL solution.

[0142] To process the blueberries, pick each one up with tweezers and immerse it in the solution for about 1 second. After soaking them individually, the blueberries were placed on a drying rack and dried. During the drying period and throughout the testing period, the temperature should be 23°C to 27°C. It was maintained under ambient room conditions with a temperature range and humidity range of 40% to 55%. Mass loss This is measured by carefully weighing blueberries daily and the reported percentage of mass loss. The sum was equal to the ratio of mass reduction to the initial mass.

[0143] Figure 6 shows untreated (control) blueberries (602) and the first solution of 10 mg / mL. Blueberries (604) treated with [method] and a second solution of 20 mg / mL were used. Percentage mass loss over 5 days in blueberries (606) treated with [method / method] The result is shown. As shown, the percentage mass loss for untreated blueberries is After 5 days, the percentage was 19.2%, compared to blueberries treated with a 10 mg / mL solution. The cent mass loss was 15% after 5 days, compared to blueberries treated with a 20 mg / mL solution. Lee's percentage mass loss was 10% after 5 days.

[0144] Example 4: Co-op formed with esters and salts of long-chain fatty acids relative to the mass loss rate of lemon The impact of ting Figure 7 shows a coating agent containing SA-1G and SA-Na mixed in a 4:1 mass ratio. This graph shows the mass loss coefficient for each coated lemon. Bar 7 02 corresponds to untreated lemons (control group), and bar 704 is water at a concentration of 10 mg / mL. Corresponding to lemons treated with a suspension consisting of a coating agent suspended in bar 70 6 was treated with a suspension consisting of a coating agent suspended in water at a concentration of 20 mg / mL. Corresponding to the lemon, Bar 708 contains a coating suspended in water at a concentration of 30 mg / mL. Corresponding to lemons treated with a suspension composed of a stimulant, Bar 710 contains 40 mg / mL This corresponds to lemons treated with a suspension consisting of a coating agent suspended in water at a concentration of [concentration]. Bar 712 consists of a suspension of the coating agent in water at a concentration of 50 mg / mL. This corresponds to lemons treated with a cloudy liquid.

[0145] Each bar in the graph represents a group of 90 lemons. All coatings are applied to the lemons. Immerse the lemons in the associated suspensions, place them on a drying rack, and dry them at approximately 23°C to 27°C. Dry under ambient room conditions with a temperature in the range of 40% to 55% humidity. It was formed by the following. The lemons were at these same temperatures and during the period they were being tested. The samples were kept under humid conditions. As shown in Figure 7, they were treated with a 10 mg / mL solution (704). The mass loss coefficient of the lemon was 1.83, and it was treated with a 20 mg / mL solution (706). The mass loss coefficient of the treated lemon was 1.75, and in a 30 mg / mL solution (708) The mass loss factor of the treated lemons was 1.90, compared to a 40 mg / mL solution (710). The mass loss coefficient of lemons treated with 50 mg / mL solution (712 The mass loss factor of lemons treated with ) was 1.83.

[0146] Example 5: Long-chain fatty acid esters / salts and medium-chain esters relative to the mass loss rate of lemon Effect of ester-formed coatings Figure 8 shows the mass loss coefficients of lemons treated with various coating agents suspended in water. This is a graph. Bar 802 corresponds to untreated lemon. Bar 804 is 95:5 Formed from SA-1G and MA-Na mixed in mass ratio, and added to water at a concentration of 10 mg / mL. Corresponds to the added coating agent. Bar 806 is mixed with SA in a mass ratio of 95:5. A coating agent formed from -1G and MA-Na, added to water at a concentration of 30 mg / mL. This corresponds to Bar 808, which contains 10 mg / mL of SA-1G and MA-Na (95:5 mass). (Mixed in ratio) and a coating agent formed with 5 mg / mL UA-1G suspended in water Corresponding. Bar 810 contains 30 mg / mL of SA-1G and MA-Na (95:5 mass ratio). (Mixed with) and a coating agent formed with 5 mg / mL UA-1G suspended in water I will comply.

[0147] Each bar in the graph represents a group of 60 lemons. All coatings are applied to the lemons. Immerse the lemons in the relevant solutions, place them on a drying rack, and leave them at approximately 23°C to 27°C. Dry under ambient room conditions with a temperature range and humidity range of approximately 40% to 55%. Thus formed. The lemons were subjected to these same temperature and humidity conditions during the period they were being tested. It was held under the following conditions. As can be seen in Figure 8, the mass loss coefficient of the lemon corresponding to bar 804. The number is 1.50, and the mass loss coefficient for lemon corresponding to bar 806 is 1.68. The mass loss coefficient for lemon corresponding to bar 808 is 1.87, and the coefficient for lemon corresponding to bar 810 is... The mass loss coefficient of the lemon was 2.59.

[0148] Example 6: Contact angle of solvent and mixture on the surface of a lemon Figure 10 shows the contact of various solvents or mixtures on the surface of an unwaxed lemon. The graph shows the angle. The contact angle is calculated by adding 5 microliters of solvent / mixture to the surface of a lemon. The contact angle was determined by placing a droplet containing the substance and analyzing the digital image. Each bar in the graph represents a measurement of 15-20 drops. For bar 1002, the solvent is pure The control sample was water. For bar 1004, the mixture was combined in a mass ratio of 95:5. It contained SA-1G and MA-Na, combined and suspended in water at a concentration of 30 mg / mL. - Mixture corresponding to 1006, 1008, 1010, 1012, 1014, and 1016 The substance was the same as the mixture in Bar 1004, but also contained a small amount of CA-1G. Bar 100 Bar 6 contains 0.1 mg / mL of CA-1G, and Bar 1008 contains 0.5 mg / mL of CA -1G is included, bar 1010 contains 1 mg / mL of CA-1G, bar 1012 contains 2 Each bar contains 4 mg / mL of CA-1G, and each bar contains 4 mg / mL of CA-1G. -1016 contained 6 mg / mL of CA-1G.

[0149] As shown in Figure 10, the droplet corresponding to bar 1002 (pure water) is at 88° on the lemon. The average contact angle was observed. This corresponds to the droplet of bar 1004 (SA-1G / MA-Na in water). It exhibited an average contact angle of 84° on lemon. Bar 1006 (0.1 mg / mL CA- Droplets corresponding to 1G of additive exhibited an average contact angle of 70° on the lemon. (Bar 1008) The droplet corresponding to (addition of 0.5 mg / mL of CA-1G) was in average contact with the lemon at 68°. It exhibited antennae. The droplet corresponding to bar 1010 (addition of 1 mg / mL CA-1G) was An average contact angle of 65° was observed on the surface. (Addition of CA-1G at 2 mg / mL) The droplets corresponding to ) exhibited an average contact angle of 58° on the lemon. Bar 1014 (4 mg / Droplets corresponding to the addition of mL of CA-1G exhibited an average contact angle of 56° on the lemon. The droplet corresponding to bar 1016 (with 6 mg / mL CA-1G added) is 47° on a lemon. It exhibited an average contact angle of [value missing].

[0150] Example 7: Dependence of surfactant on carbon chain length on the contact angle of the mixture on the surface of a lemon Figure 11 shows a graph of the contact angles of various mixtures on the surface of an unwaxed lemon. This shows the contact angle when a droplet containing 5 microliters of the mixture is placed on the surface of a lemon. This was determined by determining the contact angle through digital image analysis. Each bar in the graph represents This represents the measurement of 15-20 drops. For bar 1102, the solvent is pure water (control sample). Yes, there was. For bar 1104, the mixture was combined in a mass ratio of 95:5, and 30m Contains SA-1G and MA-Na suspended in water at a concentration of g / mL. Bar 1106, 11 The suspensions corresponding to 08 and 1110 were the same as the suspension for bar 1104, but 4 It also contained mg / mL of medium-chain fatty acid esters. The carbon chain is LA-1G (carbon chain length of 12), and for bar 1108, it is a medium-chain fatty acid. Tel is UA-1G (carbon chain length of 11), and for bar 1110, it is a medium-chain fatty acid. Stell was CA-1G (carbon chain length of 10).

[0151] As shown in Figure 11, the droplet corresponding to bar 1102 (pure water) is at 88° on the lemon. The average contact angle was observed. This corresponds to the droplet of bar 1104 (SA-1G / MA-Na in water). It exhibited an average contact angle of 84° on lemon. Bar 1106 (4 mg / mL LA-1G The droplets corresponding to the addition of (4) exhibited an average contact angle of 67° on the lemon. Bar 1108 (4 Droplets corresponding to the addition of mg / mL of UA-1G exhibit an average contact angle of 56° on the lemon. The droplet corresponding to bar 1110 (with the addition of 1 mg / mL of CA-1G) was placed on the lemon. The average contact angle was 50°.

[0152] Example 8: Solvents on the surfaces of lemon, candelilla wax, and carnauba wax Contact angle of the mixture Figure 12 shows unwaxed lemons (1201-1203) and candelilla wax. The appearance on the surface of S (1211~1213) and carnauba wax (1221~1223) The graph shows the contact angles of various solvents and mixtures. The contact angle is measured at 5 mm on the surface being tested. A droplet containing 100ml of solution is placed, and the contact angle is determined by digital image analysis. This was determined by [method]. Each bar in the graph represents a measurement of 15-20 drops. Bar 120 For samples 1, 1211, and 1221, the solvent was pure water (control sample). The second group (1202, 1212, and 1222) is combined in a mass ratio of 94:6. SA-1G and SA-Na at 30 mg / mL, and 0.25 mg / mL suspended in water. Corresponds to L of citric acid and 0.325 mg / mL of sodium bicarbonate. Bar's third group (1203 , 1213, and 1223) correspond to the same mixture as the mixture of the second group of bars, It also included CA-1G at 3 mg / mL.

[0153] As shown in Figure 12, the droplet corresponding to bar 1201 has an average contact of 92° on the lemon. It exhibited antennae. The droplet corresponding to bar 1202 was averaged at 105° on candelilla wax. The contact angle was observed. The droplet corresponding to bar 1203 had an average contact angle of 96° on the carnauba wax. The contact angle was observed. The droplet corresponding to bar 1211 exhibited an average contact angle of 80° on the lemon. The droplet corresponding to bar 1212 exhibited an average contact angle of 87° on the candelilla wax. The droplet corresponding to bar 1213 exhibited an average contact angle of 88° on the carnauba wax. The droplet corresponding to bar 1221 exhibited an average contact angle of 44° on the lemon. The droplet corresponding to 22 exhibited an average contact angle of 31° on the candelilla wax. Bar 12 The droplet corresponding to 23 exhibited an average contact angle of 32° on the carnauba wax.

[0154] Example 9: Coating mixture used to form a protective coating on avocado The effects of adding medium-chain fatty acid esters to a substance Figure 13 shows SA-1G and M mixed with CA-1G or LA-1G at various concentrations. Mass loss coefficient for a group of avocados coated with a coating agent containing A-Na The number is shown. The coating is made by adding each coating agent to water at the specified concentration and mixing. Formed by applying the mixture to the surface of an avocado and evaporating the solvent. Bar 1301 corresponds to untreated avocado (control group). Bar 1302 corresponds to 94:6 SA-1G and MA-N are combined in the following mass ratio and added to water at a concentration of 30 mg / mL. This corresponds to a coating agent containing a. For bars 1303 and 1313, the mixture is Also, 1 mg / mL of CA-1G (bar 1303) or LA-1G (bar 1313) is added. Except for the fact that it was the same as the mixture of Bar 1302, Bars 1304 and 1314 Regarding the mixture, the mixture contains 2.5 mg / mL of CA-1G (bar 1304) or LA-1 Except for the addition of G (Bar 1314), it was the same as the mixture of Bar 1302. - For 1305 and 1315, the mixture contains 4 mg / mL of CA-1G (Bar 13 05) Mixture of bar 1302, except that LA-1G (bar 1315) was also added. It was the same as the object. Each bar in the graph represents a group of 30 avocados. All coated The process involves soaking the avocados in the relevant mixture, then placing the avocados on a drying rack. The corners are in an ambient room with a temperature range of approximately 23°C to 27°C and a humidity range of approximately 40% to 55%. Formed by drying under internal conditions. Avocados were tested during the period they were being tested. During this time, they were kept under the same temperature and humidity conditions.

[0155] As shown in Figure 13, the avocado corresponding to bar 1302 (without medium-chain fatty acid esters) The average mass loss coefficient for D was 1.78. Low concentration CA-1G (bar 130 For mixtures containing 3-1305), the average mass loss of coated avocados is calculated. The number is 2.35 for bar 1303 (CA-1G concentration of 1 mg / mL), and for bar 1304 (CA-1G concentration of 2.5 mg / mL) is 2.24, and bar 1305 (4 mg / mL) The CA-1G concentration was 2.18. Low concentration LA-1G (bar 1313~1315 For mixtures containing ), the average mass loss coefficient of coated avocados is bar 1 At bar 313 (LA-1G concentration of 1 mg / mL), the ratio was 1.61, and at bar 1314 (2.5 mg The value is 2.15 (LA-1G concentration of 4 mg / mL), and bar 1315 (LA-1G concentration of 4 mg / mL) The concentration was 2.15.

[0156] Example 10: Coating used to form a protective coating on cherries Effects of adding CA-1G to the mixture Figure 14 shows SA-1G and MA-Na mixed with CA-1G at various concentrations. This shows the mass loss coefficient for a group of cherries (Bing variety) coated with a coating agent. The coating is formed by dissolving each coating agent in water at the specified concentration, The solution was applied to the surface of a cherry and the solvent was evaporated to form it. Bar 140 Bar 1 corresponds to the untreated cherry (control group). Bar 1402 is in a mass ratio of 94:6. SA-1G and MA-Na are combined and suspended in water at a concentration of 40 mg / mL. It is compatible with coating agents. For Bar 1403, the suspension is 0.5 mg / mL C Except for the addition of A-1G, the suspension was the same as that of Bar 1402. Bar 1404 Regarding this, the suspension was prepared with the exception that 1 mg / mL of CA-1G was also added, bar 140 It was the same as suspension 2. For bar 1405, the suspension was 3 mg / mL CA- Except for the addition of 1G, it was the same as the suspension in bar 1402. Each bar in the graph is , representing a group of 90 cherries. All coatings are related to the cherries. Immerse the cherries in a suspension, place them on a drying rack, and leave them at approximately 23°C to 27°C. Dry under ambient room conditions with a temperature range and humidity range of approximately 40% to 55%. Therefore, it was formed. The cherries were at the same temperature during the period they were being tested. It was maintained under specific humidity conditions.

[0157] As shown in Figure 14, Sakura corresponds to bar 1402 (without medium-chain fatty acid esters). The average mass loss coefficient for nbo was 1.60. Low concentration CA-1G (bar 14 For suspensions containing 03-1405), the average mass loss of coated cherries The coefficient is 1.75 for bar 1403 (CA-1G concentration of 0.5 mg / mL), and bar 1 At bar 404 (CA-1G concentration of 1 mg / mL), the value was 1.96, and at bar 1405 (3 mg / mL), the value was 1.96. The CA-1G concentration for L was 2.00.

[0158] Example 11: Coating used to form a protective coating on finger lime Effects of adding UA-1G to the mixing mixture Figure 15 shows SA-1G and SA-Na mixed with UA-1G at various concentrations. This shows the mass loss coefficient for the group of finger limes coated with a coating agent. The coating is formed by adding each coating agent to water at the specified concentration to create a suspension. The suspension was applied to the surface of a finger lime and the solvent was evaporated to form the substance. Bar 1501 corresponds to untreated finger limes (control group). Bar 1502 corresponds to 9 SA-1G and S are combined in a 4:6 mass ratio and suspended in water at a concentration of 30 mg / mL. This is compatible with coating agents containing A-Na. For Bar 1503, the suspension is 1 mg Except for the addition of UA-1G at a concentration of / mL, it was the same as the suspension in Bar 1502. Regarding -1504, the suspension was prepared with the exception that 3 mg / mL of UA-1G was also added. The suspension was the same as that of bar 1502. For bar 1505, the suspension was 5 mg / m². The suspension was the same as Bar 1502, except that UA-1G of L was also added. Graph Each bar represents a group of 48 finger limes. All coatings are finger limes - Immerse the limes in their respective suspensions, place the finger limes on a drying rack, and Garlic lime is grown at temperatures ranging from approximately 23°C to 27°C and humidity ranging from approximately 40% to 55%. They were formed by drying under ambient room conditions. Finger limes were tried The samples were kept under the same temperature and humidity conditions throughout the testing period.

[0159] As shown in Figure 15, the fins corresponding to bar 1502 (without medium-chain fatty acid esters) The average mass loss coefficient for garlime was 1.61. Low concentration UA-1G (bar 150) For suspensions containing 3-1505), the average quality of coated finger limes The volume loss coefficient is 2.33 for bar 1503 (UA-1G concentration of 1 mg / mL), and bar Bar 1504 (UA-1G concentration of 3 mg / mL) was 2.06, and bar 1505 (5 mg / The concentration (UA-1G concentration in mL) was 1.93.

[0160] Example 12: Undercoating a surface with paraffin wax to control the contact angle of the solvent and mixture. The impact of the matter Figure 16 shows graphs of the contact angles of various solvents and mixtures on the surface of paraffin wax. This shows the contact angle when 5 microliters of solvent / mixture are placed on the surface of paraffin wax. The contact angle was determined by placing the contained droplet and analyzing the digital image. Each bar in the graph represents a measurement of 15-20 drops. For bar 1601, the solvent is... It was pure water. For Bar 1602, the mixture was combined in a mass ratio of 95:5. Contains SA-1G and SA-Na suspended in water at a concentration of 45 mg / mL. Bar 1603 The corresponding mixture was the same as the mixture in Bar 1602, but with 3 mg / mL of CA-1 It also included G. For Bar 1604, it was a mixture of CA-1G at a concentration of 3 mg / mL in water. First, deposit it onto the surface of the paraffin wax, then allow the surface to dry to create a base coat. Then, the water contact angle on the undercoated surface was determined. For bar 1605, water First, a mixture of CA-1G at a concentration of 3 mg / mL is placed on the surface of paraffin wax. It was piled up and then allowed to dry in order to apply a primer to the surface. After that, 45m was applied to the primer surface. A mixture of SA-1G and SA-Na dispersed in water at a concentration of g / mL in a mass ratio of 95:5. The contact angle was determined.

[0161] As seen in Figure 16, the droplet (pure water) corresponding to bar 1601 is paraffin wax. The average contact angle on the surface was 74°. Droplets corresponding to bar 1602 (SA-1G and SA- The mixture with Na exhibited an average contact angle of 83° on paraffin wax. Bar 160 The droplet corresponding to 3 (a mixture of SA-1G, Sa-Na, and CA-1G) is paraffin wax It exhibited an average contact angle of 43° on the rack. Droplets corresponding to bar 1604 (undercoated pad The pure water on the roughing wax surface exhibited an average contact angle of 24°. (Corresponds to Bar 1605) The droplets (SA-1G and SA-Na in water on a paraffin wax surface with an undercoat) The mixture exhibited an average contact angle of 30°.

[0162] Example 13: Effect of ester-to-salt ratio of coating on avocado on the mass loss coefficient Figure 18 shows a mixture of SA-1G and PA-1G in approximately 50 / 50 proportions, and a mixture with different ratios. Coating agents containing either SA-Na or MA-Na in combination The mass loss coefficient for the coated avocado group is shown. The coating is applied to each coating. Add the lubricant to water at a concentration of 30 mg / mL to form a suspension, and then apply the suspension to the surface of an avocado. Formed by coating the surface and evaporating the solvent. Bar 1801 is an untreated avocado. This corresponds to the control group. Bar 1802 is SA-1 combined in a mass ratio of 94:6. This corresponds to a coating agent containing a G / PA-1G mixture and SA-Na. Bar 1803 is Contains SA-1G / PA-1G mixture and SA-Na combined in a mass ratio of 70:30. Compatible with coating agents. Bar 1804 is SA- combined in a mass ratio of 94:6. This corresponds to a coating agent containing a 1G / PA-1G mixture and MA-Na. Bar 1805 is It contains a mixture of SA-1G / PA-1G and MA-Na combined in a mass ratio of 70:30. It corresponds to the coating agent. Each bar in the graph represents a group of 180 avocados. The coating is applied by brushing the suspension onto the avocado on the brush bed, and the avocado Place the avocados on a drying rack and allow them to dry at a temperature of approximately 23°C to 27°C and humidity of approximately 40% to 55°C. It was formed by drying under ambient room conditions with humidity in the range of %. Avocados are These were kept under the same temperature and humidity conditions throughout the period they were being tested.

[0163] As shown in Figure 18, the average mass loss coefficient for avocados corresponding to bar 1802 is 1 The average mass loss coefficient for avocados corresponding to bar 1803 is 0.88, and 1.59. The average mass loss coefficient for avocados corresponding to bar 1804 is 2.47, and bar 180 The average mass loss coefficient for avocados corresponding to value 5 was 1.91.

[0164] Example 14: Effect of emulsifier on the mass loss rate of avocado Figure 19 shows the combination of a mixture that is approximately a 50 / 50 mixture of SA-1G and PA-1G. Compounds of formula II or III (SA-Na), fatty alcohol derivatives (lauryl Coating agents containing either sodium sulfate or phospholipids (lecithin) This shows the mass loss rate of the coated avocado group. The coating is SA-Na(SA- 1G / PA-1G mixture and SA-Na in a 94:6 ratio), sodium lauryl sulfate ( SA-1G / PA-1G mixture and SLS in a 94:6 ratio), or lecithin (SA- 28.2 g / L (1 G / PA-1 G mixture with lecithin in a 70:30 ratio) SA-1G is added to water to form a suspension, the suspension is spread on the surface of the avocado, and the solvent is Formed by evaporation. Bar 1901 corresponds to untreated avocado (control group). Bar 1902 contains a coating of SA-1G / PA-1G mixture and SA-Na. Corresponds to the lubricant. Bar 1903 contains SA-1G / PA-1G mixture and SLS. Compatible with coating agents. Bar 1904 is SA-1G / PA-1G mixture and soy Compatible with coating agents containing lecithin. All coatings are applied by brushing the suspension. Brush the avocado on the rack, place the avocado on the drying rack, and let it sit for about 2 minutes. Under ambient indoor conditions with a temperature range of 3°C to 27°C and a humidity range of approximately 40% to 55%, it dries They were formed by drying. Avocados were used during the period they were being tested. They were kept under the same temperature and humidity conditions.

[0165] As shown in Figure 19, the average mass loss rate of avocados corresponding to bar 1901 is per day The average mass loss rate for avocados corresponding to bar 1902 is 1.44% per day. It is 0.88%, and the average mass loss rate of avocados corresponding to bar 1903 is per day The average mass loss rate of avocados corresponding to bar 1904 is 0.69% per day. The figure was 1.08%.

[0166] Example 15: Concentration and mass loss in coatings on avocados Effect of emulsifiers Figure 20 shows SA with a mixture that is approximately a 50 / 50 mixture of SA-1G and PA-1G. -A coating agent containing either sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) The mass loss coefficients of the coated avocado group are shown. All coatings are SA-1 Using a G / PA-1G mixture and either SA-Na or SLS in a 94:6 ratio Formed. The coating was made with 20g / L, 30g / L, or 40g of each coating agent. Add to water at a concentration of / L to form a suspension, spread the suspension on the surface of the avocado, and the solvent Formed by evaporation. Bar 2001 is an SA-1G / PA-1G mixture and This is compatible with coating agents containing SA-Na at 20g / L. Bar 2002 is SA-1 This corresponds to a coating agent containing a G / PA-1G mixture and SLS at 20 g / L. 2003 is a coating containing a mixture of SA-1G / PA-1G and SA-Na at 30 g / L. It is compatible with the coating agent. Bar 2004 contains SA-1G / PA-1G mixture and SLS 3 It is compatible with coating agents containing 0g / L. Bar 2005 is a mixture of SA-1G / PA-1G. This is compatible with coating agents containing compound and SA-Na at 40 g / L. Bar 2006 is, This coating agent is compatible with SA-1G / PA-1G mixtures and SLS at 40g / L. All coatings are applied by brushing the suspension onto the avocado on the brush bed. Place the avocados on a drying rack and dry them at a temperature in the range of approximately 23°C to 27°C and for about 40°C. Formed by drying under ambient indoor conditions with humidity ranging from % to 55%. Avocado The samples were kept under these same temperature and humidity conditions throughout the period they were being tested.

[0167] As shown in Figure 20, the mass loss coefficient for the avocado corresponding to bar 2001 is 1.5 The mass loss coefficient for avocado corresponding to bar 2002 is 7, and bar 2 is 1.63. The mass loss coefficient for avocado corresponding to 003 is 1.64, which corresponds to bar 2004. The mass loss coefficient for avocado is 1.76, and the mass loss of avocado corresponding to Bar 2005 The loss coefficient is 1.81, and the mass loss coefficient for avocado corresponding to Bar 2006 is 1.8 The answer was 8.

[0168] Figure 21 shows the respiratory coefficient for avocados from the same group as above. Bar 2101 is SA -Compatible with coating agents containing a 1G / PA-1G mixture and SA-Na at 20g / L. Bar 2102 contains a mixture of SA-1G / PA-1G and SLS at 20 g / L. Corresponds to coating agents. Bar 2103 is SA-1G / PA-1G mixture and SA- This coating agent contains 30g / L of Na. Bar 2104 is compatible with SA-1G / PA - Corresponds to coating agents containing 1G mixture and 30g / L of SLS. Bar 2105 This is a coating agent containing a mixture of SA-1G / PA-1G and SA-Na at a concentration of 40 g / L. Corresponds to: Bar 2106 contains SA-1G / PA-1G mixture and SLS at 40 g / L It is compatible with coating agents that contain [the specified ingredient].

[0169] As can be seen in Figure 21, the respiratory coefficient of the avocado corresponding to bar 2101 is 1.21. Yes, the respiratory coefficient of avocado corresponding to bar 2102 is 1.20, and bar 2103 is 1.20. The corresponding avocado respiratory coefficient is 1.22, and the avocado respiratory coefficient corresponding to bar 2104 The respiratory coefficient is 1.34, and the respiratory coefficient of avocado corresponding to bar 2105 is 1.32. Yes, the respiratory coefficient for avocado corresponding to bar 2102 was 1.41.

[0170] Figures 22 and 23 show the coating mixture on the surface (i.e., the coating in the solvent). The image shows a droplet of the solution. The contact angle is measured with 5 microliters of the solution on the surface being tested. The contact angle was determined by placing a droplet containing the substance and analyzing the digital image. Figure 22 shows SA-1G and PA-1G in a 94:6 ratio in water at 45 g / L, 50 / 5 This corresponds to representative images of droplets of the 0 mixture and the coating mixture containing SA-Na. The contact angle observed from coating mixtures like 22 is 95 ± 5°. Figure 23 shows A 50 / 50 mixture of SA-1G and PA-1G in a 94:6 ratio at 45g / L in water. This corresponds to a typical image of a droplet of a coating mixture containing SLS, as shown in Figure 23. The contact angle observed from the coating mixture was 84 ± 4°. [Table 2]

[0171] The table above shows untreated lemons and 50 g / L of fatty acid esters (SA-1G and It was treated with a 94:6 mixture of PA-1G (approximately 50 / 50 mixture) and fatty acid salt (SA-Na). This shows a comparison of the mass loss rate and refrigeration humidity for the treated lemons. Each treatment group consists of 7 boxes of lemons. Each box contained 60 lemons. Each treatment group was equipped with a fan and a humidity sensor. It was placed in a large box-type freezer. As can be seen in the table above, the untreated group was 50 g / L Compared to 0.37% per day for lemons treated with the mixture, 1.61% per day A mass loss rate was observed. The higher mass loss rate in the untreated group was due to treatment with a 50 g / L mixture. Compared to lemons with a humidity of 61%, untreated lemons contain lemons with a humidity of 72%. Designed to handle the higher humidity levels inside large, box-type freezers. [Table 3]

[0172] The table above shows the difference between untreated avocado and 50g / L of fatty acid esters (SA-1G and P) in water. Treatment with a mixture of approximately 50 / 50 A-1G and a 94:6 mixture of fatty acid salts (SA-Na). This shows a comparison of energy consumption between avocados that have been treated and those that have not. Each treatment group contains 7 boxes of avocados. Each box contained 60 avocados. Each treatment group was equipped with a blower and an energy consumption meter. They were placed in a large box-type freezer equipped with a container. As can be seen in the table above, the freezer containing the untreated group was Compared to 0.85kWh in a freezer containing avocados treated with a 50g / L mixture, After 72 hours, it consumed 1.19 kWh of energy.

[0173] Example 18: Temperature as a function of stacking and coating Figure 25 is a graph showing the average temperature (°C) of the three sample groups over approximately 5 days. The product set includes 10 boxes containing 60 Hass avocados each, which are straight stacked. In other words, it is the height of 5 boxes and the width of 2 stacks, with each box stacked parallel to the box below. ) or cross stack (i.e., 5 boxes high, 2 stacks wide, with each box being, It was one of the following (which could be stacked perpendicularly to the box below). One of the straight stack group ( (Corresponding to 2502) is dispersed in water at a concentration of 30 mg / mL and mixed in a mass ratio of 94:6. The coating was made with a coating agent formed from SA-1G and SA-Na. This is either a straight stack (compatible with 2501) or a cross stack (compatible with 2503) The avocados were either untreated or untreated. In each group, the data was collected in a refrigerated warehouse at 10°C. The average temperature of the four temperature loggers distributed across the entire stack after extraction is calculated as a function of time. It is expressed as follows.

[0174] As shown in Figure 25, the temperature of agricultural products after being removed from a 10°C refrigerated warehouse for the first three days. The rate of increase in nitrogen was slower in processed agricultural products compared to unprocessed agricultural products. Straight stack and cross stack agricultural products are processed straight stack Compared to other agricultural products, it generates more heat under ambient storage conditions during the first three days. Furthermore, unprocessed, straight-stacked produce generated the most heat. Therefore, the entire pallet The body's temperature gradient should also decrease, allowing for more uniform and predictable maturation.

[0175] Various compositions and methods have been described above, but these are merely examples, not limitations. It should be understood that it is presented as such. If the above methods and steps indicate a certain event occurring in a certain order, the order of the steps can be modified, and such a modification conforms to a variation of the present invention. Further, certain steps, if possible, can be performed simultaneously in a parallel process and can also be performed sequentially as described above. Although various implementations have been particularly shown and described, it will be understood that various changes in form and detail may be made. Therefore, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. The present invention provides, for example, the following items: (Item 1) A composition, (i) A first group of compounds comprising 50% to 99% by mass, wherein each compound in the first group is a compound of formula I, (ii) A second group of compounds in an amount of 1% to 50% by mass, wherein each compound in the second group is a salt of formula II, and formulas I and II are as follows:

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Claims

[Claim 1] The invention described in the specification.

Images