Fermentation apparatus

Abstract

The present invention provides a fermentation apparatus that can maintain the microbial carrier at a distance from the bottom wall of the fermentation tank, even when the mass of the microbial carrier filled in the fermentation tank is large, thereby improving the fermentation efficiency of the water to be treated. [Solution] The fermentation apparatus 1 is configured to ferment organic matter in the water to be treated W using microorganisms. The fermentation apparatus 1 includes a fermentation tank 2, a support layer 3 which is placed on the bottom wall 22 of the fermentation tank 2 in the internal space 21 of the fermentation tank 2 and is configured to allow water to be treated W to pass through, a microbial carrier 41 which is configured to support microorganisms and is placed on the support layer 3, a water to be treated spraying section 5 which sprays water to be treated W onto the carrier layer 4, and a water to be treated discharge section 6 which is located below the carrier layer 4 in the fermentation tank 2 and discharges the water to be treated W from inside the fermentation tank 2 to the outside.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fermentation device.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, fermentation by microorganisms has been used for the purpose of removing organic substances from treated water containing organic substances and recovering resources. As a method for efficiently performing water treatment using microorganisms, treated water is sprayed onto a microbial carrier carrying sludge containing microorganisms, and the treated water is fermented by the microorganisms in the sludge while allowing the treated water to permeate by gravity. The down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) method is known.

[0003] [[ID=十五]] For example, in Patent Document 1, a treatment space is formed in a hollow tank, a water spraying section is provided, and treatment water supply means for supplying treatment water from the water spraying section to a water retaining body while filling and arranging the water retaining body below the water spraying section is provided. Treatment water discharging means for taking out the treatment water purified by the microbial carrier is provided, an air supply pipe for supplying an oxygen-containing gas into the treatment space is provided, and an exhaust pipe for discharging the gas in the treatment space is provided. A water spraying type purification device is described.

[0004] In this type of purification device, when the water level of the treated water stored at the bottom of the purification device rises and the water retaining body is immersed in the treated water, the efficiency of purification by microorganisms may be reduced. To avoid such a problem, in the purification device of Patent Document 1, a perforated plate for supporting the water retaining body is provided in the purification device, and by placing the water retaining body in the form of a perforated plate, the water retaining body is arranged at a position separated from the bottom wall of the purification device.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

[0006] From the viewpoint of increasing the water purification capacity of the purification device described in Patent Document 1, it is desirable to increase the amount of water-retaining material filled inside the purification device. However, filling the purification device with a large amount of water-retaining material increases the load on the perforated plate and the fixing part between the purification device and the perforated plate. Furthermore, when treated water is absorbed into the water-retaining material during the operation of the purification device, the mass of each water-retaining material increases further, and an even greater load is applied to the perforated plate and the fixing part between the purification device and the perforated plate. On the other hand, there is a limit to the material strength of the perforated plate and the fixing part between the purification device and the perforated plate, so there was a limit to the mass of water-retaining material that could be filled inside the purification device.

[0007] This invention has been made in view of the above problems, and aims to provide a purification device that can improve the fermentation efficiency of the water to be treated by keeping the microbial carrier at a distance from the bottom wall of the fermentation tank, even when the mass of the microbial carrier filled in the fermentation tank is large. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] One aspect of the present invention is a fermentation apparatus configured to ferment organic matter in water to be treated using microorganisms, Fermentation tank and A support layer is provided, which is positioned on the bottom wall of the fermentation tank within the tank's internal space and is configured to allow the treated water to pass through. It consists of a microbial carrier configured to support the aforementioned microorganism, and a carrier layer disposed on the support layer, A water treatment spraying unit sprays the water to be treated onto the carrier layer, The fermentation apparatus includes a treated water discharge section located below the carrier layer in the fermentation tank, which discharges the treated water from the fermentation tank to the outside. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] The fermentation tank of the fermentation apparatus has a support layer placed on its bottom wall and a carrier layer placed on the support layer, with the carrier layer being supported from below by the support layer. Therefore, even when the mass of microbial carriers filled into the fermentation tank is large, the fermentation apparatus can easily maintain a state in which the microbial carriers are separated from the bottom wall of the fermentation tank.

[0010] Furthermore, a treated water discharge section is provided below the carrier layer in the fermentation tank. This section allows the treated water, which has passed through the carrier layer and accumulated in the portion of the fermentation tank's internal space where the carrier layer is located, to be discharged to the outside of the fermentation tank.

[0011] In this way, the fermentation apparatus holds the microbial carrier at a distance from the bottom wall of the fermentation tank by the support layer, and can discharge the treated water through the treated water discharge section before the water level reaches the carrier layer. As a result, it is easy to avoid the microbial carrier being immersed in the treated water, which would reduce the fermentation efficiency.

[0012] Furthermore, since the support layer is configured to allow the treated water to permeate, microorganisms adhere to the surface of the support layer as the treated water passes through it. These microorganisms, attached to the surface of the support layer, can ferment the treated water in the same way as microorganisms supported on the carrier layer. As a result, the fermentation efficiency of the treated water can be increased.

[0013] As described above, according to the above embodiment, even when the mass of microbial carriers filled in the fermentation tank is large, it is possible to provide a fermentation apparatus that can maintain the microbial carriers at a position away from the bottom wall of the fermentation tank and improve the fermentation efficiency of the water to be treated. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0014] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the main parts of the fermentation apparatus in Embodiment 1. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the main part of a fermentation apparatus equipped with electrodes in Embodiment 2. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0015] (Embodiment 1) An embodiment of the fermentation apparatus described above will be explained with reference to Figure 1. The fermentation apparatus 1 of this embodiment is configured to ferment organic matter in the water to be treated W using microorganisms. As shown in Figure 1, the fermentation apparatus 1 includes a fermentation tank 2, a support layer 3 disposed on the bottom wall 22 of the fermentation tank 2 in the internal space 21 of the fermentation tank 2 and configured to allow water to be treated W to pass through, a carrier layer 4 consisting of a microbial carrier 41 configured to support microorganisms and disposed on the support layer 3, a water to be treated spraying section 5 for spraying water to be treated W onto the carrier layer 4, and a water to be treated discharge section 6 provided below the carrier layer 4 in the fermentation tank 2 and for discharging water to be treated W from the fermentation tank 2 to the outside.

[0016] The shape and size of the fermentation tank 2 can take on various forms. For example, in the fermentation apparatus 1 of this embodiment, the shape of the fermentation tank 2 is cylindrical. Also, the height and diameter of the fermentation tank 2 in this embodiment are both 2m.

[0017] The internal space 21 of the fermentation tank 2 houses a support layer 3 and a carrier layer 4. The support layer 3 is positioned on the bottom wall 22 of the fermentation tank 2 within the internal space 21 and is configured to allow the water to be treated W to pass through it. Therefore, the fermentation apparatus 1 can collect the water to be treated W that has passed through the carrier layer 4 at the bottom of the fermentation tank 2, that is, in the area where the support layer 3 is provided. Furthermore, since a water to be treated discharge section 6 is provided below the carrier layer 4 in the fermentation tank 2, the water to be treated W collected at the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 is discharged to the outside of the fermentation tank 2 from the water to be treated discharge section 6 before it reaches the carrier layer 4. As a result, the fermentation apparatus 1 can easily prevent the water level of the water to be treated W from rising to the carrier layer 4.

[0018] In addition, the treated water W that has passed through the carrier layer 4 contains microorganisms separated from the carrier layer 4. Therefore, microorganisms adhere to the surface of the support layer 3 that has come into contact with the treated water W. By fermenting the treated water W with these microorganisms, the fermentation efficiency of the treated water W in the fermentation apparatus 1 can be enhanced.

[0019] The specific configuration of the support layer 3 can take various forms. For example, the support layer 3 may be composed of packing materials used in the field of water treatment. The shape of the packing material is not particularly limited, and various shaped packing materials such as cylindrical, annular, spherical, and cubic can be used. Also, the packing material may be composed of metal or may be composed of plastic.

[0020] The support layer 3 is preferably composed of a plurality of packing materials. In this case, the water permeability of the support layer 3 can be further enhanced, the surface area of the support layer 3 can be made wider, and a larger amount of microorganisms can be attached to the support layer. As a result, the fermentation efficiency of the treated water in the support layer 3 can be further enhanced. From the perspective of further enhancing such an effect, the support layer 3 is preferably composed of cylindrical packing materials, more preferably composed of cylindrical packing materials having a circular cross-section, and even more preferably composed of cylindrical packing materials having a meshed side wall.

[0021] The height from the bottom wall 22 of the fermentation tank 2 to the upper end 32 of the support layer 3 can be appropriately set according to the desired fermentation capacity of the fermentation apparatus 1, the spraying amount of the treated water W into the fermentation tank 2, the discharge amount of the treated water W from the fermentation tank 2 to the outside, and the like.

[0022] The support layer 3 of the present embodiment is composed of a plurality of packing materials 31 having a cylindrical shape. Also, the side wall of the packing material 31 has a meshed shape. The support layer 3 of the present embodiment has voids formed between the packing materials 31, the inner space of the cylinder of the packing material 31, the meshes of the side wall of the packing material 31, etc., and the treated water W can be permeated through these voids.

[0023] A carrier layer 4, consisting of microbial carriers 41, is arranged on the support layer 3. The shape of the microbial carriers 41 constituting the carrier layer 4 can take various forms. As the microbial carriers 41, for example, porous materials such as resin sponges or carbon felt, cylindrical materials such as plastics molded into a cylindrical shape, and framed porous materials in which a plastic frame is provided around the porous material can be used. In this embodiment, the microbial carriers 41 constituting the carrier layer 4 are made of carbon felt as a conductor.

[0024] The microbial carrier 41 is preferably composed of a conductor or semiconductor. In recent years, it has been suggested that when microorganisms ferment organic matter in the treated water W, they may exchange electrons with other microorganisms. Therefore, by using a microbial carrier 41 made of a conductor or semiconductor and having electrical conductivity, electrons can move more easily between microorganisms, and the fermentation efficiency of the treated water W can be further improved. Note that the aforementioned "conductor" refers to 10 6 A material having an electrical conductivity of S / m or higher is called a "semiconductor," and the term "semiconductor" is defined as 10 -6 S / m or more 10 6 This refers to a substance having an electrical conductivity of less than S / m.

[0025] The microbial carrier 41 carries sludge containing microorganisms. The microorganisms in the sludge can be appropriately selected according to the type of organic matter in the water to be treated W and the desired mode of fermentation. For example, if the goal is to produce biogas containing methane by fermenting organic matter in the water to be treated W, sludge containing methane-producing bacteria can be carried on the microbial carrier 41. Examples of methane-producing bacteria include Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina.

[0026] Furthermore, the sludge may contain electron-releasing bacteria that have the property of transferring electrons taken in from the outside to other microorganisms. In this case, the electron-releasing bacteria can supply electrons to the microorganisms that ferment organic matter, thereby further increasing the fermentation efficiency of the treated water W. Examples of electron-releasing bacteria include Morganella morganii and Proteus mirabilis.

[0027] The fermentation tank 2 is provided with a treated water spraying unit 5 that sprays the treated water W into the tank space 21. The treated water spraying unit 5 can take various forms as long as it can spray the treated water W into the tank space 21. For example, the treated water spraying unit 5 may be located to the side of the carrier layer 4 and configured to spray the treated water W onto the carrier layer 4 from the side. Alternatively, the treated water spraying unit 5 may be located above the carrier layer 4 and configured to spray the treated water W onto the carrier layer 4 from above. As the treated water spraying unit 5, for example, a spraying nozzle or a spraying pipe equipped with small holes for releasing the treated water W can be used.

[0028] As shown in Figure 1, the treated water spraying unit 5 of this embodiment has a first spraying unit 51 that sprays the treated water W supplied from outside the fermentation apparatus 1 onto the carrier layer 4, and a second spraying unit 52 that collects the treated water W stored at the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 and sprays it onto the carrier layer 4 again. Both the first spraying unit 51 and the second spraying unit 52 are positioned above the carrier layer 4 and are configured to spray the treated water from above the carrier layer 4.

[0029] The second spraying unit 52 is connected to the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 via a treated water recovery pipe 521. A circulation pump 522 is also provided along the path of the treated water recovery pipe 521 to send the treated water W stored at the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 to the second spraying unit 52.

[0030] The treated water W sprayed from the treated water spraying unit 5 is not particularly limited, and any treated water W containing desired organic matter can be used. For example, wastewater containing organic waste such as sewage sludge or food residue can be used as the treated water W. It is also possible to use industrial wastewater containing organic matter, such as waste water-soluble coolant recovered from machining equipment, as the treated water W.

[0031] The treated water discharge section 6 is provided at a position on the side wall 23 of the fermentation tank 2 facing the support layer 3. The specific configuration of the treated water discharge section 6 can take various forms. For example, in this embodiment, the treated water discharge section 6 has a treated water discharge pipe 61 that opens in the tank space 21 of the fermentation tank 2 at a position facing the support layer 3. Therefore, when the water level of the treated water W stored at the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 reaches the treated water discharge section 6, the treated water W flows into the opening of the treated water discharge pipe 61. As a result, the treated water W stored at the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 can be discharged to the outside of the fermentation tank 2 before the water level of the treated water W reaches the support layer 4.

[0032] As shown in Figure 1, the inner surface 221 of the bottom wall 22 of the fermentation tank 2 in this embodiment has a funnel shape, and a sludge discharge section 24 is provided at its lower end for discharging sludge accumulated in the fermentation tank 2 to the outside of the fermentation tank 2. A mesh plate 25 is also provided above the sludge discharge section 24. The mesh plate 25 has a mesh size that allows sludge to pass through but prevents the packing material of the support layer 3, which will be described later, from passing through. By providing such a mesh plate 25 above the sludge discharge section 24, it is possible to prevent the packing material from falling into the sludge discharge section 24 without obstructing the discharge of sludge from the sludge discharge section 24.

[0033] The fermentation tank 2 may be provided with a gas outlet 26 that guides the gas produced by the fermentation of the treated water W to the outside of the fermentation tank 2. For example, in this embodiment, the gas outlet 26 is provided on the top wall 27 of the fermentation tank 2 and opens into the internal space 21 of the fermentation tank 2. The gas generated in the fermentation tank 2 enters the gas outlet 26 and is guided to the outside of the fermentation tank 2. The gas discharged from the gas outlet 26 is used for various purposes depending on its composition. For example, biogas containing methane gas is used as fuel for power generators, etc. Also, methane gas refined from biogas is sometimes used as a raw material for C1 chemicals.

[0034] The fermentation apparatus 1 preferably includes a water level measuring unit 7 for measuring the water level of the water to be treated W in the fermentation tank 2, and a control unit (not shown) that controls the flow rate of the water to be treated W sprayed from the water to be treated unit 5 and / or the flow rate of the water to be treated W discharged from the water to be treated unit 6, based on the water level of the water to be treated W measured by the water level measuring unit 7, so that the water level of the water to be treated W is lower than the upper end 32 of the support layer 3. In this case, it is possible to more reliably avoid the water level of the water to be treated W stored at the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 reaching the carrier layer 4.

[0035] The water level measuring unit 7 can take various configurations. For example, the water level measuring unit 7 in this embodiment includes a measuring tube 71 configured to change its water level in conjunction with the water level of the treated water W in the fermentation tank 2, and a water level sensor 72 that measures the water level in the measuring tube 71. In this embodiment, the measuring tube 71 extends vertically, and its lower end is connected to the treated water discharge pipe 61. The upper end 32 of the measuring tube 71 opens above the carrier layer 4 on the side wall 23 of the fermentation tank 2. In the measuring tube 71 configured in this way, the water level of the treated water W in the fermentation tank 2 and the water level of the treated water W in the measuring tube 71 become equal. Therefore, when the water level of the treated water W in the fermentation tank 2 rises, the water level of the treated water W in the measuring tube 71 rises in conjunction with the water level of the treated water W in the fermentation tank 2. Consequently, the water level of the treated water W in the fermentation tank 2 can be determined by measuring the water level of the treated water in the measuring tube 71 using the water level sensor 72.

[0036] As the water level sensor 72, a non-contact type water level sensor such as a radio wave type water level sensor or an ultrasonic type water level sensor may be used, or a contact type water level sensor such as a float type water level sensor, a guide rope type water level sensor, a pressure type water level sensor, a capacitive type water level sensor, or a differential pressure type water level sensor may be used. In this example, the water level sensor 72 is a non-contact type water level sensor and is provided at the upper end of the measuring tube 71.

[0037] The control unit in this embodiment is configured to control the operating state of the liquid supply pump 511 that supplies the treated water W to the first spraying unit 51 of the treated water spraying unit 5, and the drainage pump 611 that sends the treated water W that has entered the treated water discharge unit 6 to the outside of the fermentation apparatus 1, based on the water level of the treated water W measured by the water level measurement unit 7. The control unit may be configured, for example, to stop the liquid supply pump 511 and start the drainage pump 611 when the water level of the treated water W measured by the water level measurement unit 7 rises, thereby reducing the flow rate of the treated water W sprayed from the treated water spraying unit 5. The operation of such a control unit can be realized, for example, by a program running on an electronic computer, a microcomputer, or an electronic circuit. In other words, the control unit may be, for example, an electronic computer, a microcomputer, or an electronic circuit.

[0038] In this embodiment of the fermentation apparatus 1, the fermentation tank 2 has a support layer 3 placed on its bottom wall 22 and a carrier layer 4 placed on the support layer 3, with the carrier layer 4 being supported from below by the support layer 3. Therefore, even when the mass of the microbial carrier 41 filled in the fermentation tank 2 is large, the fermentation apparatus 1 can easily maintain a state in which the microbial carrier 41 is separated from the bottom wall 22 of the fermentation tank 2.

[0039] Furthermore, a treated water discharge section 6 is provided below the carrier layer 4 in the fermentation tank 2. The treated water discharge section 6 can discharge the treated water W, which has passed through the carrier layer 4 and accumulated in the portion of the internal space 21 of the fermentation tank 2 where the carrier layer 3 is present, to the outside of the fermentation tank 2.

[0040] Furthermore, since the support layer 3 is configured to allow the treated water W to permeate, microorganisms adhere to the surface of the support layer 3 as the treated water W passes through it. The microorganisms attached to the surface of the support layer 3 can ferment the treated water W in the same way as the microorganisms supported on the carrier layer 4. As a result, the fermentation efficiency of the treated water W can be increased.

[0041] Therefore, even when the mass of the microbial carrier 41 filled in the fermentation tank 2 is large, the fermentation apparatus 1 of this embodiment can maintain the microbial carrier 41 at a position separated from the bottom wall 22 of the fermentation tank 2, thereby increasing the fermentation efficiency of the water to be treated W.

[0042] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, an example of a fermentation apparatus 102 equipped with electrodes is described. Note that, unless otherwise specified, reference numerals used in Embodiment 2 that are the same as those used in the previously described embodiments represent the same components as those in the previously described embodiments.

[0043] As shown in Figure 2, the fermentation apparatus 102 in this embodiment includes a fermentation tank 2, a support layer 3 and a carrier layer 4 arranged in the internal space 21 of the fermentation tank 2, a treated water spraying section 5 for spraying treated water W onto the carrier layer 4, and a treated water discharge section 6 for discharging the treated water W from the fermentation tank 2 to the outside of the fermentation tank 2. The support layer 3 is placed on the bottom wall 22 of the fermentation tank 2 and supports the carrier layer 4 from below. The treated water spraying section 5 includes a first spraying section 51 for spraying treated water W supplied from outside the fermentation apparatus 102 onto the carrier layer 4, and a second spraying section 52 for recovering treated water W stored at the bottom of the fermentation apparatus 102 and spraying it again onto the carrier layer 4. The treated water discharge section 6 has a treated water discharge pipe 61 that opens on the side wall 23 of the fermentation tank 2 at a position facing the support layer 3.

[0044] Furthermore, the fermentation apparatus 102 includes a sludge discharge unit 24 for discharging sludge stored in the fermentation tank 2 to the outside of the fermentation tank 2, a water level measuring unit 7 for measuring the water level of the treated water W in the fermentation tank 2, a control unit (not shown) for adjusting the water level of the treated water W in the fermentation tank 2, and a gas outlet unit 26 for guiding the gas generated by the fermentation of the treated water W to the outside of the fermentation tank 2. The configuration of these parts in the fermentation apparatus 102 of this embodiment is the same as the configuration of the corresponding parts in the fermentation apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1.

[0045] In the fermentation apparatus 102 of this embodiment, multiple electrodes 8 (8a, 8b) are provided inside the fermentation tank 2. When a voltage is applied between these electrodes 8, a current path is formed that includes the electrodes 8 and the water to be treated W present between the electrodes 8, and electrons are supplied to electron-emitting bacteria present near the current path. The electron-emitting bacteria then transfer the electrons to microorganisms that ferment organic matter, thereby improving the fermentation efficiency of the water to be treated W.

[0046] The arrangement, number, and shape of the electrodes 8 within the fermentation tank 2 can take various forms. For example, the fermentation apparatus 102 in this embodiment has two electrodes, a first electrode 8a and a second electrode 8b, as shown in Figure 2. The first electrode 8a is positioned between the carrier layer 4 and the support layer 3, and is separated from the side wall 23 of the fermentation tank 2. The second electrode 8b is placed on the carrier layer 4, and is also separated from the side wall 23 of the fermentation tank 2. By positioning the first electrode 8a and the second electrode 8b at a distance from the side wall 23 of the fermentation tank 2 in this way, it is easier to avoid short-circuiting between the first electrode 8a and the second electrode 8b through the side wall 23 of the fermentation tank 2.

[0047] The shape of the electrodes can take various forms, such as rod-shaped, plate-shaped, and mesh-shaped. For example, the first electrode 8a and the second electrode 8b in this embodiment have a mesh-like shape.

[0048] As in the fermentation apparatus 102 of this embodiment, by arranging at least one electrode 8a among the multiple electrodes 8 between the carrier layer 4 and the support layer 3, the carrier layer 4 can be supported from below by both the support layer 3 and the electrode 8a. This makes it easier to keep the carrier layer 4 at a position separated from the bottom wall 22 of the fermentation tank 2. Furthermore, by arranging the electrode 8a between the carrier layer 4 and the support layer 3, the carrier layer 4 and the electrode 8a can be made to contact more reliably. As a result, electrons can be easily supplied by the microorganisms supported on the carrier layer 4, and the fermentation efficiency of the treated water W can be further improved.

[0049] Furthermore, by placing the first electrode 8a among the multiple electrodes 8 between the carrier layer 4 and the support layer 3, and placing the second electrode 8b on the carrier layer 4, the area of ​​the carrier layer 4 included in the current path can be made wider. By widening the area in the carrier layer 4 through which the current flows, electrons can be supplied to a larger number of microorganisms. As a result, the fermentation efficiency of the treated water W can be further improved.

[0050] If the fermentation apparatus 102 has electrodes 8, it is preferable that the carrier layer 4 is made of a conductor or semiconductor. In this case, when a voltage is applied between the first electrode 8a and the second electrode 8c, a current path is formed that includes the first electrode 8a, the second electrode 8c, the water to be treated W present between them, and the carrier layer 4. Therefore, in this case, electrons are more easily supplied to electron-transferring bacteria, and the fermentation efficiency of the water to be treated W can be further improved.

[0051] Furthermore, if the fermentation apparatus 102 has electrodes 8, it is preferable that the support layer 3 is made of an electrical insulator. In this case, it is possible to more reliably avoid short-circuiting between the first electrode 8a and the second electrode 8b via the support layer 3 or the side wall 23 of the fermentation tank 2. In addition, the fermentation apparatus 102 of this embodiment provides the same effects and advantages as the fermentation apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1.

[0052] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be applied to various embodiments without departing from its spirit. [Explanation of symbols]

[0053] 1. 102 Fermentation apparatus 2 Fermentation tanks 21 Tank space 3 Support layer 4. Carrier layer 41 Microbial carriers 5 Treated water spraying section 6 Treated water discharge section W: Water to be treated

Claims

1. A fermentation apparatus configured to ferment organic matter in water to be treated using microorganisms, Fermentation tank and A support layer is provided, which is positioned on the bottom wall of the fermentation tank within the tank's internal space and is configured to allow the treated water to pass through. It consists of a microbial carrier configured to support the aforementioned microorganism, and a carrier layer disposed on the support layer, A water treatment spraying unit sprays the water to be treated onto the carrier layer, A fermentation apparatus comprising a treated water discharge section provided below the carrier layer in the fermentation tank for discharging the treated water from the fermentation tank to the outside.

2. The fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the microbial carrier is made of a conductor or a semiconductor.

3. The fermentation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermentation tank has a plurality of electrodes, and at least one of the plurality of electrodes is provided between the carrier layer and the support layer.

4. The fermentation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of electrodes each have a first electrode provided between the carrier layer and the support layer and a second electrode placed on the carrier layer.

5. The fermentation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the support layer is composed of a plurality of fillers.

6. The fermentation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a water level measuring unit for measuring the water level of the water to be treated in the fermentation tank; and a control unit that controls the flow rate of the water to be treated sprayed from the water to be treated spraying unit and / or the flow rate of the water to be treated discharged from the water to be treated discharge unit, based on the water level of the water to be treated measured by the water level measuring unit, such that the water level of the water to be treated is lower than the upper end of the support layer.

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