Glass breaking device for destroying glass containers

Abstract

To provide a glass breaking device that can safely and reliably break glass containers, enabling efficient recycling of the crushed glass. [Solution] The glass breaking device 1 for crushing the glass container 2 is, - A housing 3 having a receiving section 3a for receiving the glass container 2, a glass cullet discharge section 3b for supplying glass cullet C, and an inclined guide surface 3c for guiding the glass container 2 to the breaking range A, - A destructive unit 4 having a rotatable shaft 6 and a crushing block 7, - The device includes a drive unit 5 that drives the shaft 6, and the crushing block 7 is mounted eccentrically on the shaft 6 via a mounting portion such that its crushing portion protrudes more radially from the shaft 6 than the mounting portion of the crushing block 7, and as a result, when the shaft 6 is driven via the drive unit 5, the crushing block 7 rotates eccentrically.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a glass breaking device for crushing or destroying a glass container according to the preamble of claim 1.

Background Art

[0002] Glass breaking devices are essential in the recycling industry because they can efficiently convert glass waste, particularly glass containers, into recyclable materials. The glass breaking device is designed to break glass containers into small pieces, i.e., "glass cullets," which can be reused in the manufacture of new glass products or other applications. The operation of such a glass breaking device typically relies on mechanical crushing techniques, where the glass is crushed using force, impact, or cutting to break it into small pieces. The main mechanisms used include mills that apply appropriate forces to crush the glass.

[0003] Normally, such a glass breaking device includes a glass receiving part for receiving pre-classified glass materials, particularly glass containers. The pre-classified glass materials are guided to a breaking unit, and in such a system, a mill having a rotating plate or other rotating means is generally used, and the glass is broken by applying impact and / or mechanical pressure to generate fine fragments. The material of the fine fragments is supplied through the glass cullet discharge part of the glass breaking device. Examples of such glass breaking devices are described in Patent Documents 1 to 10.

[0004] Such glass breaking devices typically produce not only tiny fragments of glass material but also extremely fine glass particles. While this may seem efficient for breaking glass material, it has significant drawbacks. Fine glass particles are likely to become airborne, potentially posing health and safety risks. In addition, relatively small glass fragments may not be suitable for reuse in the manufacturing process, making effective recycling relatively difficult and leading to increased waste and reduced efficiency in the overall recycling system. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2004 / 108293 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012318899 [Patent Document 3] German Patent Application Publication No. 2736853 [Patent Document 4] European Patent Application Publication No. 0380131 [Patent Document 5] International Publication No. 2012 / 143846 [Patent Document 6] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-319597 [Patent Document 7] European Patent Application Publication No. 2289626 [Patent Document 8] Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 115228587 Specification [Patent Document 9] Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 48-74168 [Patent Document 10] China Utility Model No. 217491057 Specification [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] To address this problem, the present invention provides a glass breaking device capable of safely and reliably crushing glass, particularly glass containers, so that the crushed glass can be efficiently reused. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] This objective is achieved by the glass breaking apparatus of the present invention as described in independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0008] Therefore, according to the present invention, a glass breaking device for crushing glass containers, particularly glass bottles, is - A receiving section for receiving glass containers, - A glass cullet discharge unit that supplies glass cullet, - An inclined guide surface between the receiving section and the glass cullet discharge section to guide the received glass container to the breakage area within the housing by gravity. has -Housing and, - A breaking unit positioned away from an inclined guide surface in the breaking range so that the glass cullet generated by the breaking unit can move toward a glass cullet discharge section, wherein the breaking unit comprises a rotatable shaft and crushing blocks mounted adjacent to each other on the shaft, - For example, a drive unit for driving a shaft, including an electric motor and chain drive unit interconnected to the shaft to rotate the shaft It includes.

[0009] Thus, one of the ideas of the present invention is that at least some, preferably all, of the crushing blocks are mounted eccentrically on the shaft of the crushing unit via mounting parts such that the crushing portion of each crushing block protrudes more radially from the shaft than the mounting part of each crushing block, and as a result, when the shaft is driven via the drive unit, each crushing block rotates eccentrically. In other words, each crushing block is mounted off-center with respect to the axis of rotation via mounting parts, and the crushing portion of the crushing block follows a circular or elliptical path around the axis of the shaft, resulting in a hammer-like (eccentric) motion.

[0010] This allows each crushing block to be (virtually) divided into a crushing section and a mounting section, and mounting holes or openings can be placed in the mounting section to attach each crushing block to the shaft, for example, by engaging and / or fitting connections. The crushing section is located radially opposite to the mounting section. Preferably, the crushing section or the crushing block is formed identically.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, this can be achieved when each crushing block is disc-shaped, for example, having a polygonal contour, particularly a hexagonal or rounded contour, and such disc-shaped crushing blocks are mounted off-center on the shaft. Here, contour generally refers to the outer shape or boundary of the disc-shaped crushing block, and polygonal contour refers to a shape composed of a series of straight sections connected to form a closed boundary. The width of such disc-shaped crushing blocks may be between 10 mm and 20 mm, and the diameter between 70 mm and 100 mm.

[0012] One idea of ​​another invention is that at least some, preferably all, of the eccentrically mounted crushing blocks are arranged alternately (multiple times) and / or periodically on the shaft such that, in at least a subsection of the crushing unit, the crushing portions of adjacent crushing blocks project radially from the shaft in different directions, thereby creating a wave-like (multiple wave period) rotational motion throughout the shaft. This includes, in the case of alternating (multiple times) and / or periodic configurations, the crushing portions of directly adjacent crushing blocks, or at least every other, every two, or every n adjacent crushing blocks, project radially from the shaft in different directions. Thus, it is also optional that the crushing portions of two or more pairs of directly adjacent crushing blocks project in the same direction, and the crushing portions of such adjacent pairs of crushing blocks project radially in different directions in relation, with the arrangement of such pairs being periodic and / or alternating several times throughout the shaft.

[0013] Furthermore, in this context, "projecting radially in different directions" can be understood to mean that, in particular, when each crushing section is formed identically, the rotational positions of each crushing section on the shaft are not the same, or that they are not coincidentally positioned on the shaft.

[0014] The inventors discovered that this special structure of the glass breaking device, particularly the breaking unit, allows glass containers to be broken into relatively large cullet pieces, minimizing dust generation even at low rotations per minute, and generally providing safe operation of the glass breaking device. This is achieved by eccentrically arranging the crushing blocks alternately and / or periodically, enabling a high container breaking rate, i.e., over 90%, and preventing container clogging of the glass breaking device with glass containers of various shapes and sizes.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, pins made of a hardened material, particularly tungsten carbide, project vertically in an evenly distributed manner from the outer diameter surface (profile or outer shape or boundary) of the crushing block, for example, adjacent to the edges formed on the crushing block, particularly in the case of a polygon / hexagon. Such pins can further enhance the crushing effect during a collision. In addition, they act as hooks that draw the glass container into the crushing range during movement by gravity along the inclined guide surface, providing a safe operation.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, the mounting holes of the mounting part do not coincide with the central axis of each disc-shaped crushing block or have a central axis offset from the central axis. This is a simple structural option that enables the eccentric rotational movement of each crushing block during the rotation of the shaft.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present invention, the crushing parts of directly adjacent crushing blocks on the shaft project radially in different directions from the shaft, particularly in opposite radial directions, such that the eccentric rotational movements of directly adjacent disc-shaped crushing blocks are shifted in angle by an angle shift of 180° or less. This enables a simple structure and a very safe operation of the glass breaking device.

[0018] According to an alternative aspect of the present invention, the crushing parts of every other or every two adjacent crushing blocks on the shaft project radially in different directions from the shaft, particularly in opposite radial directions, such that the eccentric rotational movements of every other or every two adjacent disc-shaped crushing blocks are shifted in angle by an angle shift of 180° or less. This provides an alternative structure of periodically arranged crushing blocks.

[0019] According to another embodiment of the present invention, directly adjacent crushing blocks are spaced apart on the shaft, for example via spacers, providing a gap between directly adjacent crushing blocks. This improves the overall operation of the glass breaking device, particularly its operation to prevent container clogging. According to another embodiment, directly adjacent crushing blocks are not spaced apart, and therefore no spacers or similar are provided.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, projections extending parallel to the shaft, such as finger-shaped projections, are positioned on the guide surface in the breaking range to assist the glass container in approaching the breaking block during gravity-induced motion. Such projections guide the falling glass container toward the breaking unit, prevent jamming of the glass container, improve the impact on the breaking block, and optimize the breaking effect.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, a rollback stopper is positioned on the guide surface to prevent the glass container from retracting toward the receiving section. This further enhances the safe operation of the glass breaking device, especially if the rollback stopper is formed as a plate angled away from the inclined guide surface. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0022] [Figure 1] This is a cross-sectional view of a glass breaking device. [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a detailed view of the crushing block 7 of the breaking unit 4 of the glass breaking device. [Figure 3] Figures 3a to 3d are detailed diagrams of the destruction unit under various operating conditions. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0023] Figure 1 shows, -A housing 3 having a receiving section 3a for receiving (pre-selected) glass material, particularly a glass container 2, a glass cullet discharge section 3b for supplying glass cullet C, and an inclined guide surface 3c (metal container inclined path) located between the receiving section 3a and the glass cullet discharge section 3b for guiding the glass container 2 to the breaking area A by gravity, -A destruction unit 4 positioned at a distance from the inclined guide surface 3c in the destruction area A, - As will be described later, a drive unit 5 for driving the destruction unit 4, for example, a motor and A cross-sectional view of a glass breaking device 1 for crushing or breaking a glass container 2, such as a glass bottle, is shown.

[0024] The crushing unit 4 consists of a shaft 6 driven by a drive unit 5, for example via a traction means 5a, i.e., a drive chain or drive belt, and disc-shaped crushing blocks 7, each non-rotatably mounted on the shaft 6. Preferably, each disc-shaped crushing block 7 is made of alloy steel having high hardness. According to a preferred embodiment, each disc-shaped block 7 has a hexagonal shape formed symmetrically around the central axis C7 of each crushing block 7, as shown in detail in Figure 2. Other polygonal shapes can be provided instead of hexagons, and circular shapes are also possible.

[0025] Each disc-shaped crushing block 7 has a mounting hole 8 that is not located at the center of the disc-shaped crushing block 7, meaning that the central axis C8 of the mounting hole 8 does not coincide with the central axis C7 of each disc-shaped crushing block 7, or is offset from the central axis C7. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 2, the central axis C8 of the mounting hole 8 is shifted along one of the six symmetry axes S, for example, one of the symmetry axes S connecting opposing edges 7E. However, shifts in other directions are also possible.

[0026] As a result, when attaching a disc-shaped crushing block 7 to the shaft 6, rotating the shaft 6 causes the disc-shaped crushing block 7 to perform eccentric rotational motion; that is, it rotates irregularly rather than symmetrically around the central axis C7. This allows each crushing block 7 to be (virtually) divided into a crushing section 9a and a mounting section 9b, with the mounting hole 8 located at the mounting section 9b and the crushing section 9a located on the opposite side (radially) from the mounting section 9b in each disc-shaped crushing block 7. Because the mounting hole 8 is positioned non-coaxially in the crushing block 7, the crushing section 9a of each disc-shaped crushing block 7 protrudes radially from the shaft 6 more than the mounting section 9b of each disc-shaped crushing block 7. In other words, the distance L between the central axis C8 (or the rotation axis of the shaft 6) of the mounting hole 8 and the outer diameter surface 7a of the crushing block 7 is greater for the crushing section 9a than for the mounting section 9b. As a result, the crushing block 7 moves like a hammer, and the crushing section 9a acts as a hammer.

[0027] Therefore, when the outer diameter surface 7a of the crushing block 7 in the radially protruding crushing range 9a strikes the glass container 2 positioned in the fracture region A between each crushing block 7 and the inclined guide surface 3c, this hammer-like motion crushes or shatters the glass container 2, and the resulting glass cullet C can slide toward the glass cullet discharge section 3b.

[0028] Furthermore, the pins 10 protrude vertically in at least the crushing section 9a, evenly distributed from the outer diameter surface 7a adjacent to the edge 7E of the crushing block 7. These pins 10 are made of a hardened material, such as tungsten carbide, and have high hardness. These pins 10 can further enhance the crushing effect upon impact and, in addition, act as hooks to pull the glass container 2 into the crushing range A during gravity-induced movement along the inclined guide surface 3c.

[0029] As can be seen from Figures 3a) to 3d), the disc-shaped crushing blocks 7 are spaced apart on the shaft 6, for example, via spacers 11, mounting elements, or equivalent means, and there is a gap 12 between directly adjacent disc-shaped crushing blocks 7, the size of which depends on the application, for example, about 2 to 5 mm. Furthermore, according to at least the illustrated embodiment, directly adjacent disc-shaped crushing blocks 7 are assembled on the shaft 6 in opposite ways, which means that the crushing portions 9a of directly adjacent disc-shaped crushing blocks 7 protrude from the shaft 6 in different directions, in particular, in the opposite radial direction from the shaft 6.

[0030] As a result, the eccentric rotational motion of directly adjacent disc-shaped crushing blocks 7 is angularly shifted by a 180° angle shift from one another, creating a wave-like rotational motion throughout the entire shaft 6. This also prevents the glass container 2 from becoming clogged. Furthermore, in this embodiment, every other disc-shaped crushing block 7 on the shaft 6 is identical in its arrangement on the shaft 6 and in its eccentric rotational motion. This can also be described as an alternating arrangement of differently protruding crushing sections 9a or crushing blocks 7 in at least one subsection of the crushing unit 4.

[0031] In contrast to this alternating arrangement of the crushing portions 9a of the disc-shaped crushing blocks 7 on the shaft 6, other periodic arrangements are also possible, namely, arrangements in which every other disc-shaped crushing block 7 on the shaft 6 is not identical, and / or arrangements in which the crushing portions 9a of directly adjacent disc-shaped crushing blocks 7 do not project radially in different directions. For example, the angular shift between directly adjacent crushing blocks 7 may be less than 180°, and / or disc-shaped crushing blocks 7 on the shaft 6 may be identical every two, every three, every four, etc. Otherwise, in at least a subsection of the crushing unit 4, pairs of (two or three, etc.) of directly adjacent disc-shaped crushing blocks 7 project radially in the same direction on the shaft 6, and such pairs of (two or three, etc.) of crushing portions 9a are aligned radially in different directions.

[0032] As shown in Figures 3a to 3d, the alternating or periodic arrangement of the eccentric disc-shaped crushing blocks 7 at different rotational positions makes it possible to crush or break glass containers 2 of different diameters D and / or different shapes. For example, in the case of relatively large glass containers 2 with a diameter D of 85 mm or more, the crushing portion 9a of each disc-shaped crushing block 7 collides with the (still unbroken) glass container 2 regardless of its rotational position, so ideally, breakage occurs at each rotational position of the disc-shaped crushing block 7 (see Figures 3a and 3b). However, in the case of glass containers 2 with a diameter D of 50 mm or less (for example), as can be seen in Figures 3c and 3d, breakage occurs only when the crushing portion 9a of at least every other disc-shaped crushing block 7 is perpendicular to the inclined guide surface 3c, or at least oriented in the direction of the inclined guide surface 3c. Nevertheless, it is still possible to crush or break glass containers 2 of various shapes and diameters D.

[0033] Furthermore, the finger-shaped projections 13 on the guide surface 3c, which extends parallel to the shaft 6, can assist at least smaller glass containers 2 in approaching the crushing block 7 during gravity-induced motion, optimizing the crushing of relatively small glass containers 2. To prevent larger glass containers 2 from receding toward the receiving section 3a, an additional rollback stopper 14 (flap), formed, for example, as a plate inclined away from the inclined guide surface 3c, is positioned within the receiving section 3a or on the inclined guide surface 3c. In addition, the dimensions of the crushing block 7 and / or the position of the shaft 6 relative to the guide surface 3c can be adjusted to match the diameter D and / or shape of the glass container 2.

[0034] In summary, the glass breaking device 1 described above can break or shatter various glass containers 2, and if the shattering block 7 is operating at a low rotational speed, the glass container 2 will be shattered by the hammer-like impact described above. This makes the work safer, prevents the glass container 2 from being broken into too few fragments and / or generating dust, and makes the work more efficient as most of the glass cullet C can be reused. [Explanation of symbols]

[0035] 1. Glass breaking device 2 Glass containers 3 Housing 3a Receiving section 3b Glass cullet discharge section 3c guide surface 4 Destruction Units 5. Drive Unit 5a Towing means 6 shafts 7 Crushing Blocks 7a Outer diameter surface of crushed block 7 7E Edge of crushing block 7 8 mounting holes 9a Crushing section 9b Mounting part 10 pins 11 Spacers 12 gaps 13 Protrusion 14 Rollback Stopper A Destruction range C Glass cullet C7 Center axis of the crushing block C8 Mounting hole center axis D diameter L is the distance between the central axis C8 and the outer diameter surface 7a. S axis of symmetry

Claims

1. A glass breaking device (1) for crushing a glass container (2), - A receiving section (3a) for receiving the glass container (2), - A glass cullet discharge section (3b) that supplies glass cullet (C), - An inclined guide surface (3c) between the receiving section (3a) and the glass cullet discharge section (3b) for guiding the received glass container (2) to the break area (A) within the housing (3) by gravity and has - Housing (3), - A breaking unit (4) is positioned away from the guide surface (3c) which is inclined in the breaking range (A) so that the glass cullet (C) generated by the breaking unit (4) can move toward the glass cullet discharge section (3b), wherein the breaking unit (4) has a rotatable shaft (6) and crushing blocks (7) attached adjacent to each other on the shaft (6), - A drive unit (5) for driving the shaft (6) of the destruction unit (4) and The glass breaking device (1) includes, The crushing blocks (7) are attached eccentrically to the shaft (6) of the breaking unit (4) via the mounting portion (9b) such that the crushing portion (9a) of each crushing block (7) protrudes more radially from the shaft (6) than the mounting portion (9b) of each crushing block (7), and as a result, when the shaft (6) is driven via the drive unit (5), each crushing block (7) rotates eccentrically, and The eccentrically mounted crushing blocks (7) are arranged alternately and / or periodically on the shaft (6) such that, in at least a subsection of the breaking unit (4), the crushing portions (9a) of adjacent crushing blocks (7) protrude radially from the shaft (6) in different directions. A glass breaking device (1) characterized by the following.

2. The glass breaking device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing block (7) is disc-shaped with a polygonal outline, particularly a hexagonal outline or a rounded outline.

3. The glass breaking device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pin (10) protrudes perpendicularly from the outer diameter surface (7a) of the crushing block (7), for example, next to an edge (7E) formed on the crushing block (7).

4. The glass breaking device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the pin (10) is made of a hardening material, for example, tungsten carbide.

5. A mounting hole (8) is formed in the mounting portion (9b) of the corresponding crushing block (7), and the crushing block (7) is attached to the shaft (6) via the mounting hole (8), in particular by engaging and / or fitting connections. The mounting hole (8) is not aligned with the central axis (C7) of the disc-shaped crushing block (7), or has a central axis (C8) that is offset from the central axis, in order to allow the crushing block (7) to rotate eccentrically when the shaft (6) rotates. A glass breaking device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The glass breaking device (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the crushing portion (9a) is located on the radially opposite side of the mounting portion (9b) in each of the disc-shaped crushing blocks (7).

7. The glass breaking device (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the distance (L) between the central axis (C8) of the mounting hole (8) in the crushing section (9a) and the outer diameter surface (7a) of the crushing block (7) is greater than the distance (L) between the central axis (C8) of the mounting hole (8) in the mounting section (9b) and the outer diameter surface (7a) of the crushing block (7).

8. The glass breaking device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the crushing portions (9a) of the crushing blocks (7) directly adjacent to each other on the shaft (6) alternately protrude radially in different directions from the shaft (6), particularly in opposite radial directions from the shaft (6), such that the eccentric rotational motion of the directly adjacent disc-shaped crushing blocks (7) is shifted angularly by an angular shift of 180° or less from each other.

9. The glass breaking device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the crushing portions (9a) of the adjacent disc-shaped crushing blocks (7) on the shaft (6) protrude radially periodically in different directions from the shaft (6), particularly in the opposite radial direction from the shaft (6), such that the eccentric rotational motion of the adjacent disc-shaped crushing blocks (7) on an alternating or alternating basis is shifted angularly by an angular shift of 180° or less from each other.

10. The glass breaking device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the directly adjacent crushing blocks (7) attached to the shaft (6) are spaced apart from each other, for example via spacers (11), and a gap (12) is provided between the directly adjacent crushing blocks (7).

11. The glass breaking device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a projection (13), for example a finger-shaped projection (13), extending parallel to the shaft (6), is arranged on the guide surface (3c) in the breaking range (A) to assist the glass container (2) in approaching the breaking block (7) during gravitational motion.

12. The glass breaking device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a rollback stopper (14) is disposed on the guide surface (3c) and / or the receiving portion (3a) to prevent the glass container (2) from retracting toward the receiving portion (3a).

13. The glass breaking device (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the rollback stopper (14) is formed as a plate angled away from the inclined guide surface (3c).

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