System and method for exhaust gas temperature control

Abstract

The present invention provides a system and method for controlling exhaust gas temperature. [Solution] The gas turbine system (10) includes a gas turbine engine (12), a gas treatment system (20) for treating exhaust gas (66), and a thermal control system (18) for controlling the temperature of the exhaust gas (66) so that it is appropriate for the gas treatment system (20). The thermal control system (18) may include a regulating air control device (142) and a sensor grid control device (144) that can work together to control regulating air (102) that can be injected into the exhaust gas (66). Specifically, the thermal control system (18) may use a worst-case scenario assumption to regulate the flow of regulating air (102) by compensating for a failed sensor in the sensor grid system (28) to protect the gas treatment system (20) from overheating and enable continuous operation of the gas turbine system (10) without interruption due to sensor failure.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The subject matter disclosed herein relates to gas turbine systems, and more specifically, to thermal control within various components of gas turbine systems. [Background technology]

[0002] A gas turbine system typically includes at least one gas turbine engine having a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine. The combustor is configured to burn a mixture of fuel and compressed air to produce high-temperature combustion gases, which then drive the turbine blades. The exhaust gases produced by the gas turbine engine are nitrogen oxides (NOx). x ), sulfur oxides (SO x ), carbon oxides (CO x Undesirable emissions, such as unburned hydrocarbons, may be included, and these are reduced within the gas treatment system. Unfortunately, the gas treatment system may not function effectively due to the malfunction or failure of one or more sensors. Therefore, a control system that takes into account the malfunction or failure of one or more sensors is required. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0003] Specific embodiments equivalent in scope to the invention described in the claims at the time of filing are summarized below. These embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather to provide a brief overview of possible forms of the invention. In fact, the invention may encompass a variety of forms that may be similar to or different from the embodiments described below.

[0004] In summary, the disclosure provides a gas turbine system comprising a gas turbine engine, a gas treatment system for treating exhaust gases, and a thermal control system for controlling the temperature of the exhaust gases to be appropriate for the gas treatment system. The thermal control system may include a regulating air control device and a sensor grid control device that can work together to control regulating air that can be injected into the exhaust gases. Specifically, the thermal control system may use worst-case scenario assumptions to regulate the flow of regulating air by compensating for a failed sensor in the sensor grid system, thereby protecting the gas treatment system from overheating and enabling continuous operation of the gas turbine system without interruption due to sensor failure.

[0005] In certain embodiments, the system may include an exhaust duct, a gas treatment system coupled to the exhaust duct, a sensor grid having a plurality of sensors located within the exhaust duct, and a regulating air injection system coupled to the exhaust duct upstream from the gas treatment system, the regulating air injection system being configured to inject airflow into the exhaust flow in the exhaust duct. The system further comprises memory, a processor, and a controller having instructions stored in memory, the instructions being executable by the processor to obtain sensor feedback of temperature via the plurality of sensors in the sensor grid. If a sensor failure occurs in any of the sensors, the processor may establish an error between a computer model and the sensor grid for mean and maximum temperatures to compensate for the worst-case scenario of the sensor failure, subtract the above error from the operating limits of the gas treatment system, and set target mean and target maximum temperatures. Furthermore, the processor may control the airflow from the regulating air injection system to the exhaust flow in the exhaust duct based on the target mean and target maximum temperatures and temperature measurements from the sensor grid.

[0006] In certain embodiments, the system may include memory, a processor, and a controller having instructions stored in memory, the instructions being executable by the processor to obtain sensor feedback of temperature via multiple sensors in a sensor grid located in an exhaust duct, a gas treatment system coupled to the exhaust duct, and a regulating air injection system coupled to the exhaust duct upstream from the gas treatment system, configured to inject airflow into the exhaust flow in the exhaust duct. If sensor failure occurs in any of the multiple sensors, the processor may establish an error between a computer model and the sensor grid for mean and maximum temperatures to compensate for the worst-case scenario of sensor failure, subtract this error from the operating limits of the gas treatment system, and set target mean and target maximum temperatures. Furthermore, the processor may control the airflow from the regulating air injection system to the exhaust flow in the exhaust duct based on the target mean and target maximum temperatures and temperature measurements from the sensor grid.

[0007] In certain embodiments, the method may include obtaining sensor feedback of temperature via a plurality of sensors in a sensor grid located in an exhaust duct, wherein a gas treatment system is coupled to the exhaust duct, and a regulating air injection system is coupled to the exhaust duct upstream from the gas treatment system and is configured to inject airflow into the exhaust flow in the exhaust duct. If sensor failure occurs in any of the plurality of sensors, the method may further include establishing an error between a computer model and the sensor grid for mean and maximum temperatures to compensate for the worst-case scenario of sensor failure, and setting target mean and target maximum temperatures by subtracting the above error from the operating limits of the gas treatment system. Furthermore, the method may include controlling the airflow from the regulating air injection system to the exhaust flow in the exhaust duct based on the target mean and target maximum temperatures and temperature measurements from the sensor grid.

[0008] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will be better understood by reading the following embodiments for carrying out the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, where similar reference numerals throughout the drawings represent similar parts. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a block diagram of one embodiment of a gas turbine system that includes a thermal control system for monitoring and controlling the temperature within the exhaust system. [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a schematic side view of one embodiment of the gas turbine system, further showing a regulating air injection system coupled to the exhaust duct of the exhaust system. [Figure 3] Figures 1 and 2 show a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a sensor grid system arranged within the exhaust duct of an exhaust system, illustrating uniform spacing of sensors and a first temperature map. [Figure 4] Figures 1 and 2 show a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a sensor grid system located within the exhaust duct of an exhaust system, illustrating variable sensor spacing and a first temperature map. [Figure 5] Figures 1 and 2 show a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a sensor grid system located within the exhaust duct of an exhaust system, with variable sensor spacing and a second temperature map. [Figure 6] Figures 1 and 2 show a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a sensor grid system located within the exhaust duct of an exhaust system, with variable sensor spacing and a second temperature map. [Figure 7] Figures 1 and 2 show a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a sensor grid system located within the exhaust duct of an exhaust system, with variable sensor spacing and a second temperature map. [Figure 8] This is a process flow diagram of one embodiment of a method for controlling the temperature in the exhaust system shown in Figures 1 to 7 by compensating for one or more faulty sensors in a sensor grid system. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] One or more specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Not all features of the actual embodiments are described herein in order to provide a concise description of these embodiments. It should be understood that in developing such actual embodiments, as with any engineering or design project, a number of embodiment-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, including compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may differ from embodiment to embodiment. Furthermore, it should be understood that while such development efforts can be complex and time-consuming, they are still routine design, fabrication, and manufacturing operations for those skilled in the art who are interested in this disclosure.

[0011] When describing elements of various embodiments of this disclosure, the articles “a, an,” “the,” and “said” mean that there is one or more of those elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are comprehensive and mean that there may be additional elements other than those listed.

[0012] Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to techniques for monitoring and controlling the temperature of exhaust gas flow through an exhaust system having a gas treatment system for reducing emissions within a gas turbine system. For example, the gas treatment system may reduce undesirable gases through one or more gas treatment units, such as a catalyst unit, a reducing agent injection unit, or a combination thereof. Undesirable gases include nitrogen oxides (NOx). x ), sulfur oxides (SO x ), carbon oxides (CO x ), and may include unburned hydrocarbons. The regulating air injection system may be coupled to the exhaust system upstream of the gas treatment system, and the regulating air injection system supplies regulating air to the exhaust gas flow for temperature control of the exhaust gas flow passing through the gas treatment unit.

[0013] NO in exhaust gas flow x One technique for removing or reducing the amount of x is selective catalytic reduction (SCR). In an SCR process, a reducing agent such as ammonia (NH3) is injected into the exhaust gas flow, and NO in the exhaust gas reacts in the presence of a catalyst x to produce nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O). The effectiveness of the SCR process may depend at least in part on the temperature of the exhaust gas, and the particular catalyst used by the SCR system may determine an optimal temperature range for the exhaust gas to remove NO x and extend the service life of the catalyst. By way of non-limiting example, the SCR process for removing NO x can be particularly effective at a temperature of about 500 to 900 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) (e.g., about 260 to 482 degrees Celsius (°C)). Allowing an exhaust gas flow of unknown temperature to enter the SCR system risks degradation or permanent damage to the SCR system (e.g., excessive temperature rise of the SCR catalyst), which can potentially trip or run back the gas turbine system. Accordingly, it is beneficial to monitor the temperature of the exhaust gas flow entering the SCR and control the temperature to be within an effective temperature range for the SCR to enhance the effectiveness of the SCR process (e.g., remove NO x ). Accordingly, a gas turbine system may be configured to monitor the temperature of the exhaust gas flow upstream of, in and / or downstream of the SCR system, and use conditioning air (e.g., ambient air) to cool the exhaust gas flow when the temperature of the exhaust gas flow is higher than the effective temperature range for the SCR. The gas turbine system may be further configured to determine the amount of conditioning air to be injected into the exhaust gas flow based on the temperature of the exhaust gas flow to effectively cool the exhaust gas flow.

[0014] Therefore, a particular gas turbine system may be configured to measure the temperature of the exhaust gas flow using one or more sensor grids (e.g., temperature sensors placed within the grid) at one or more locations along the exhaust flow path through the exhaust duct. Each sensor grid monitors the temperature distribution across the exhaust duct using a spaced sensor arrangement, and the sensor grids may measure temperatures indicating specific areas with higher and lower temperatures. Furthermore, the gas turbine system may be configured to determine the amount of regulating air injected into the exhaust gas flow using a computational model of the gas turbine system.

[0015] However, temperature sensors can fail during operation (e.g., become unreliable and / or malfunction), which can lead to insufficient regulation of the exhaust gas flow entering the SCR system. For example, if a temperature sensor in the hottest region of the exhaust gas flow fails (e.g., becomes unreliable and / or malfunctions), the turbine control model may instruct it to inject an insufficient amount of regulating air based on an incomplete temperature distribution showing an average temperature lower than the actual average temperature of the exhaust gas flow. As a result, the exhaust gas flow may not be adequately cooled, causing the SCR catalyst to exceed its upper temperature threshold, which risks damaging the SCR system. Therefore, conventionally, failure of one or more temperature sensors, especially in critical locations, can result in alarms, trips, and / or turbine runbacks (e.g., a sharp drop in power output) to protect the SCR catalyst from overheating. However, such operational interruptions increase operating costs and reduce the operational efficiency of the gas turbine system. Alternatively, the gas turbine system may be configured to include more temperature sensors to mitigate the impact of temperature sensor failures. However, such measures are also costly.

[0016] Therefore, a system and / or method may be desirable that can effectively monitor and control the temperature of the exhaust gas flow to protect the SCR catalyst even if one or more of the temperature sensors fail (e.g., become unreliable and / or fail). In certain embodiments, a gas turbine system, such as a heavy-load simple-cycle gas turbine system, may have a thermal control system that includes a sensor grid control device configured to compensate for one or more failed temperature sensors and determine the amount of regulating air injected into the exhaust gas flow. The sensor grid control device may be configured to compensate for each failed sensor by assuming a worst-case scenario (e.g., the most critical sensor location or operating point), regardless of the actual sensor location in the sensor grid. Using this sensor grid control device, the gas turbine system can continue its operation without interruption even if one or more of the temperature sensors fail, thereby increasing the efficiency of the gas turbine system. Furthermore, while the technology of this disclosure may be particularly useful in heavy-load simple-cycle gas turbine systems, as described below, it should be understood that the technology can be implemented in any well-configured system, including, for example, a combined-cycle gas turbine system.

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a gas turbine system 10 including a gas turbine engine 12, an intake system 14, and an exhaust system 16, wherein the exhaust system 16 includes a thermal control system 18 and a gas processing system 20. The thermal control system 18 includes a control system 22, a conditioning air injection system 24, a sensor grid monitoring system 26, and a sensor grid system 28. The thermal control system 18 is configured to cooperate with the gas processing system 20 to monitor and control the temperature within the exhaust system 16. In particular, the thermal control system 18 is configured to perform adjustment (e.g., compensation or correction) for any failed sensor in the sensor grid system 28 such that the conditioning air injection system 24 provides sufficient conditioning air to achieve an appropriate temperature for the gas processing system 20. The gas processing system 20 may include one or more catalyst units 30 (e.g., catalyst units 32 and 34) and one or more reducing agent injection units 36 (e.g., a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit 38) within an exhaust duct 40, and the reducing agent injection unit 36 (e.g., the SCR unit 38) is coupled to a reducing agent supply system 42 (e.g., an SCR skid 44). Accordingly, the thermal control system 18 serves to control temperature to improve the operation of the catalyst units 30 and the reducing agent injection units 36. Various aspects of the thermal control system 18 and the gas processing system 20 are described in further detail below after the description of the gas turbine engine 12.

[0018] The gas turbine engine 12 includes a compressor 50, one or more combustors 52 having fuel nozzles 54, and a turbine 56 (i.e., an expansion turbine). The compressor 50 receives air from an intake system 14, which includes an air filter 58 and a silencer 60. The compressor 50 compresses the air in one or more compressor stages and discharges the compressed air to the combustors 52. The combustors 52 receive the compressed air from the intake system 14 and fuel from a fuel supply source 62, and then burn the mixture of compressed air and fuel in the combustion chamber to produce hot combustion gases. The hot combustion gases flow into the turbine 56, thereby driving one or more turbine stages. The turbine 56 drives the compressor 50 and a load 64 (e.g., a generator) via one or more shafts. The turbine 56 also discharges exhaust gases 66, which then flow through the exhaust duct 40 of the exhaust system 16.

[0019] The exhaust system 16 includes an exhaust duct 40, which may include an exhaust inlet 68 and an exhaust outlet 70 coupled to an exhaust stack 72. The exhaust duct 40 may extend substantially horizontally between the exhaust inlet 68 and the exhaust outlet 70, and the exhaust stack 72 may extend substantially vertically from the exhaust duct 40 to the exhaust stack outlet 74. The exhaust duct 40 may include a first duct portion 76 coupled to a regulating air injection system 24 and a second duct portion 78 coupled to and / or housing the gas treatment system 20. In certain embodiments, the first duct portion 76 may be a variable-shape duct portion (e.g., a diverging or expanding duct portion) whose cross-sectional area expands in the exhaust flow direction 80 from the exhaust inlet 68 to the second duct portion 78. The second duct portion 78 may be a constant or variable-shape duct portion from the first duct portion 76 to the exhaust outlet 70. However, the exhaust duct 40 may have various fixed or variable duct sections related to the regulating air injection system 24 and the gas processing system 20.

[0020] The conditioning air injection system 24 may include an air injection duct 82 coupled to a first duct portion 76 of the exhaust duct 40. In the illustrated embodiment, the air injection duct 82 includes an intake duct portion 84 coupled to duct portions 86, 88, 90, and 92. Duct portions 86 and 90 may include variable geometry duct portions (e.g., converging duct portions) that reduce the cross-sectional area in an air flow direction 94 toward the exhaust duct 40. Duct portions 84 and 88 may include constant or variable geometry duct portions.

[0021] As illustrated, the intake duct portion 84 includes one or more air filters 96 and silencers 98, and the duct portion 88 includes one or more fans 100 (e.g., fans 100A and 100B). The fan 100 may be an electric fan or blower having a plurality of blades coupled to an electric motor. In particular embodiments, the conditioning air injection system 24 may include one, two, three, four, five, six, or more fans 100, and the fans may operate independently or in conjunction with one another to provide a desired conditioning air flow to the exhaust duct 40. In particular embodiments, the fans 100 may be coupled to separate duct portions of the air injection duct 82 that lead to the exhaust duct 40. For example, fan 100A may be disposed within duct portion 90A and fan 100B may be disposed within duct portion 90B, each independently coupled to duct portion 92. Accordingly, the fans 100 (e.g., 100A and 100B) may operate to force air 102 (e.g., a conditioning air flow) through the intake duct portion 84 into duct portion 92, which in turn injects the air 102 into exhaust gas 66 flowing through the exhaust duct 40.

[0022] The duct portion 92 may extend partially or completely around the first duct portion 76 of the exhaust duct 40, and may direct the air 102 radially inward into the exhaust duct 40 through one or more radial openings in the exhaust duct 40. For example, the duct portion 92 may direct the air 102 radially into the first duct portion 76 of the exhaust duct 40 from a top surface, opposing side surfaces (e.g., left and right sides), and / or a bottom surface of the exhaust duct 40.

[0023] In certain embodiments, the regulating air injection system 24 may operate one or more of the fans 100 individually, in combination at the same speed, in combination at different speeds, or in any combination thereof. Instead of adjusting the fan speed, guide vanes or dampers may be used to modify the flow from the regulating air fans 100. Depending on the operating fan 100 and speed (or fan guide vane or damper position), the flow of air 102 injected into the exhaust gas 66 may change the temperature distribution and average temperature within the exhaust duct 40. Thus, the control system 22 may be configured to operate the fans 100 to provide appropriate temperature distribution and average temperature within the exhaust duct 40 based on desired temperature distribution and desired average temperature for the catalyst unit 30 (e.g., catalyst units 32 and 34) and the reducing agent injection unit 36 ​​(e.g., SCR unit 38).

[0024] The catalyst units 30 (e.g., catalyst units 32 and 34) and the reducing agent injection unit 36 ​​are located in a second duct section 78 of the exhaust duct 40, downstream from the regulating air injection system 24. In certain embodiments, catalyst unit 32 includes a carbon monoxide (CO) catalyst unit, catalyst unit 34 includes an SCR catalyst unit, and reducing agent injection unit 36 ​​includes an SCR unit 38 (e.g., an ammonia injection unit). The reducing agent injection unit 36 ​​may include a plurality of injection nozzles or openings located in one or more two-dimensional injection grids across the exhaust duct 40. In some embodiments, the catalyst units 30 (e.g., catalyst units 32 and 34) may be combined with each other (e.g., a combined CO, SCR catalyst unit).

[0025] The reducing agent injection unit 36 ​​is coupled to a reducing agent supply system 42, which includes an SCR skid 44 having a reducing agent source 110 (e.g., an ammonia source) and an evaporator 112. The reducing agent source 110 may include a tank, pump, flow meter, or any combination thereof configured to supply a reducing agent (e.g., ammonia) to the evaporator 112. The reducing agent source 110 is coupled to the evaporator 112 via a conduit 114 having a valve 116 controlled by a control system 22 to control the flow of the reducing agent to the evaporator 112. The evaporator 112 is coupled to a heat source 118, such as a heat exchanger, electric heater, combustion heater, exhaust gas recirculation, or any combination thereof. In the illustrated embodiment, the heat source 118 is coupled to the evaporator 112 via a conduit 120 having a valve 122 controlled by a control system 22 to control the flow of heated fluid to the evaporator 112. A heated fluid from the heat source 118 is configured to transfer heat to a reducing agent (e.g., ammonia) in the evaporator 112, thereby evaporating the reducing agent for injection into the exhaust duct 40 via a reducing agent injection unit 36 ​​(e.g., an SCR unit 38). In the illustrated embodiment, the evaporator 112 is connected to the reducing agent injection unit 36 ​​via one or more conduits 124, each having a valve 126 controlled by a control system 22 to control the amount of reducing agent injected into the exhaust duct 40.

[0026] The sensor grid monitoring system 26 is coupled to the sensor grid system 28 at one or more locations upstream, downstream, and / or between the duct portion 92 of the regulating air injection system 24, the catalyst unit 32 (e.g., a CO catalyst unit), the reducing agent injection unit 36, and the catalyst unit 34 (e.g., an SCR catalyst unit). For example, the sensor grid system 28 may include sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136, each having a two-dimensional (2D) grid of sensors spaced apart from one another across the exhaust duct 40. In certain embodiments, the sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136 include temperature sensors (e.g., thermocouples) configured to monitor the temperature of the exhaust gas 66. The sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136 may have uniform sensor spacing (Figure 3) and / or variable sensor spacing (Figures 4-7). For example, with variable spacing, the sensors may be positioned closer to each other in a specific area of ​​interest (e.g., an expected high-temperature spot, a central area, etc.) for efficient operation of the catalyst units 32 and 34 and the reducing agent injection unit 36. In areas other than the specific area of ​​interest, the sensors may be positioned at uniform intervals.

[0027] In the illustrated embodiment, sensor grid 130 is located upstream of the catalyst unit 32 (e.g., immediately upstream), sensor grid 132 is located upstream of the reducing agent injection unit 36 ​​(e.g., immediately upstream), sensor grid 134 is located upstream of the catalyst unit 34 (e.g., immediately upstream), and sensor grid 136 is located downstream of the catalyst unit 34 (e.g., immediately downstream). In a particular embodiment, as in the example above, sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136 may be located at intervals of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or less than 1 meter from the respective catalyst units 32 and 34 and the reducing agent injection unit 36. However, sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136 may be located at any suitable location to help monitor the temperature distribution and mean temperature of the exhaust gas 66 moving through the catalyst units 32 and 34 and the reducing agent injection unit 36. Sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136 are electrically and / or communicatively coupled to a sensor grid monitoring system 26 and a control system 22 via a communication network and / or circuit 138.

[0028] The control system 22 is configured to monitor sensor feedback from the sensor grid system 28 (e.g., sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136) via the sensor grid monitoring system 26, and then control the regulating air injection system 24 and the gas processing system 20 based on the monitored sensor feedback (e.g., temperature distribution and average temperature at one or more locations). In the illustrated embodiment, the control system 22 includes a controller 140, a regulating air control device 142, and a sensor grid control device 144. The controller 140 may include one or more processors 146, a memory 148, instructions 150 stored in the memory 148 and executable by the processors 146, and a communication circuit 152 for communicating with the gas turbine engine 12, the regulating air injection system 24, the sensor grid monitoring system 26, and the gas processing system 20.

[0029] The controller 140 is configured to control the regulated air injection system 24 via a regulated air control device 142, which may include control logic executable via commands 150 to control the regulated air injection of air 102 into the exhaust duct 40. For example, the controller 140 may be configured to control the fans 100 (e.g., 100A and 100B) of the regulated air injection system 24 to change (e.g., increase or decrease) the overall flow rate and / or distribution of air 102 injected into the first duct portion 76 of the exhaust duct 40 based on sensor feedback from sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and / or 136. If the sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and / or 136 indicate that the average temperature of the exhaust gas 66 is below a lower temperature threshold, the controller 140 may be configured to control the fans 100 (e.g., 100A and 100B) to reduce the overall flow rate of air 102 into the exhaust duct 40. On the other hand, if sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and / or 136 indicate that the average temperature of the exhaust gas 66 exceeds an upper temperature threshold, the controller 140 may be configured to control the fans 100 (e.g., 100A and 100B) to increase the overall flow rate of air 102 into the exhaust duct 40. Similarly, if the temperature distribution changes above a certain minimum fluctuation threshold, the controller 140 may be configured to change the operation of the fans 100 (e.g., 100A and 100B) to reduce the overall temperature fluctuation within the exhaust duct 40. Furthermore, if one or more sensors in sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and / or 136 are unable to operate properly (e.g., are in an unreliable or faulty state), the controller 140 may be configured to compensate for the faulty state of one or more sensors via the sensor grid control device 144.

[0030] Accordingly, the controller 140 is configured to monitor and control the sensor grid monitoring system 26 and the sensor grid systems 28 (e.g., sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136) via the sensor grid control device 144, which may include control logic that can be executed via commands 150 to control the use of sensors in the sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136. For example, the sensor grid control device 144 may be configured to analyze and compare one or more computer models and temperature feedback from sensors in the sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136 to establish an error between the computer model and the temperature feedback for the average and maximum temperatures for exhaust gas 66 at each location of the sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136. In some embodiments, the sensor grid systems 28 (e.g., sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136) may be coupled to the controller 140. The sensor grid control device 144 may be further configured to subtract the above error from one or more operating limits (e.g., temperature limits, as set by the manufacturer) of one or more of the catalyst units 30 (e.g., catalyst units 32 and / or 34) in order to obtain setpoints for the average and maximum temperatures of the exhaust gas 66 at each location of the sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136. For example, sensor grids (e.g., 130, 132, 134, and 136) immediately upstream and / or downstream of a particular catalyst unit 30 may be used when comparing a computer model with temperature feedback to establish an error and obtain a setpoint. In certain embodiments, the sensor grid control device 144 may specifically analyze the computer model versus sensor feedback for a catalyst unit 34 (e.g., an SCR catalyst unit) when establishing an error and obtaining a setpoint. The computer model may be stored in memory 148 or remotely from the controller 140 in a location or system accessible by the processor 146.

[0031] During operation, the controller 140 may monitor sensor feedback (e.g., temperature feedback) from one or more sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and / or 136, compare the sensor feedback to setpoints (e.g., average temperature and maximum temperature), and control the regulating air injection system 24 to control (e.g., increase or decrease) the temperature of the exhaust gas 66 to be appropriate for the catalyst unit 30 (e.g., catalyst units 32 and 34) and the reducing agent injection unit 36. In particular, the controller 140 is configured to control the speed (e.g., 100A and 100B) of the fan 100 (e.g., 100A and 100B) to adjust (e.g., increase or decrease) the flow of air 102 into the exhaust duct 40, thereby regulating the temperature of the exhaust gas 66. Unfortunately, if one or more sensors in sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and / or 136 fail (e.g., are in an unreliable and / or faulty state), the controller 140 may not be able to accurately control the temperature of the exhaust gas 66 to be appropriate for the catalyst unit 30 (e.g., catalyst units 32 and 34) and the reducing agent injection unit 36.

[0032] In certain embodiments, the controller 140 may be configured to compensate for the failure of one or more sensors via the sensor grid control device 144. For example, the sensor grid control device 144 may compensate for each failed sensor by establishing new errors between the computer model and temperature feedback for the average and maximum temperatures for the exhaust gas 66 at each location of the sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136. In certain embodiments, the sensor grid control device 144 is configured to compensate for each failed sensor by assuming a worst-case scenario (e.g., the most important sensor location or operating point) regardless of the actual sensor location within the sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136. For example, the worst-case scenario may correspond to the hottest spot across the exhaust duct 40 where the sensor typically detects the highest temperature. If an additional sensor fails, the sensor grid control device 144 assumes the next worst-case scenario for each consecutive sensor failure and establishes new errors and new setpoints for the additional assumed worst-case scenario. Therefore, as the number of sensor failures increases, the sensor grid control device 144 progressively increases the amount of compensatory regulating airflow supplied to the exhaust duct 40 by the regulating air injection system 24 to ensure that the temperature of the exhaust gas 66 remains within the operating limits of the catalyst unit 30 (e.g., catalyst units 32 and 34) and the reducing agent injection unit 36.

[0033] In addition to compensating for the control of the regulating air injection system 24, the sensor grid control device 144 may output various warnings, alarms, and control actions to protect the gas turbine system 10. For example, if the number of sensor failures exceeds a first limit, the sensor grid control device 144 may output a warning or service recommendation via the computer display (e.g., recommending planned future service of sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and / or 136). If the number of sensor failures exceeds a second limit greater than the first limit, the sensor grid control device 144 may output an alarm via the computer display (e.g., recommending immediate service of sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and / or 136). If the number of sensor failures exceeds a third limit greater than the second limit, the sensor grid control device 144 may output control messages and control actions to protect the gas turbine system 10, the gas processing system 20, or a combination thereof. Various embodiments of the sensor grid control device 144 are described in further detail below.

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic side view of one embodiment of the gas turbine system 10 of Figure 1, showing a regulating air injection system 24 coupled to the exhaust system 16. The gas turbine system 10 is substantially the same as that described above with reference to Figure 1. For example, the regulating air injection system 24 and the exhaust system 16 have the same components and functions as those described above with reference to Figure 1. Therefore, similar elements are indicated by the same numbers.

[0035] As previously described with reference to Figure 1, the gas turbine system 10 includes a thermal control system 18 having a regulating air injection system 24 coupled to the exhaust system 16 for controlling the temperature of the exhaust gas flow. Specifically, the duct portion 92 of the air injection duct 82 of the regulating air injection system 24 is coupled to a first duct portion 76 of the exhaust duct 40 of the exhaust system 16. Thus, the air 102 flowing through the air injection duct 82 of the regulating air injection system 24, which generally has a relatively low temperature, is injected into the exhaust gas 66 flowing through the exhaust duct 40 of the exhaust system 16, which generally has a relatively high temperature, thereby adjusting the temperature of the exhaust gas 66 to an appropriate level for one or more catalyst units 30 (e.g., a CO catalyst unit 32 and an SCR catalyst unit 34) and one or more reducing agent injection units 36 (e.g., an SCR unit 38).

[0036] The illustrated embodiment shows that the regulating air injection system 24 includes only a single air injection duct 82 located to the right of the exhaust system 16, but the regulating air injection system 24 may include one or more air injection ducts coupled to the exhaust system 16 in any suitable arrangement. In some embodiments, the air injection duct 82 may include additional air injection ducts located to the left of the exhaust system 16, thereby allowing air 102 to be injected into the exhaust gas 66 from one or more air injection ducts.

[0037] Furthermore, the air injection duct 82 may be configured to inject air 102 in one or more specific directions. For example, duct portion 92 may be configured to guide air 102 radially from the top surface in direction 180A, opposing sides in directions 180B and 180C (e.g., left and right sides), and / or the bottom surface of the exhaust duct 40 in direction 180D to the first duct portion 76 of the exhaust duct 40. In some embodiments, the air injection duct 82 may block or allow air 102 from flowing through it to the exhaust duct 40. For example, the air injection duct 82 may include a valve (e.g., a damper) controlled by a controller (e.g., a regulating air control device 142). Thus, the air injection duct 82 may block or allow air 102 from flowing through it to the exhaust duct 40 by controlling the position of the valve (e.g., open or closed). In some embodiments, the air injection duct 82 may include one or more air injection ducts, each of which may have one or more valves at one or more respective positions. Thus, by having different combinations of valve positions, the regulated air injection system 24 can inject air 102 in a controlled pattern. For example, the regulated air injection system 24 can inject air 102 from a specific air injection duct configured to direct air in a particular direction (e.g., 180A, 180B, 180C, 180D, or a combination thereof) to reduce high-temperature spots of exhaust gas 66 located within a particular area of ​​the exhaust duct 40. Furthermore, as previously described with reference to Figure 1, the regulated air injection system 24 can further control the injection of air 102 by adjusting the respective speeds (or positions of fan guide vanes or dampers) of the fans 100 (e.g., fans 100A, 100B) via a control system 22 (e.g., controller 140, regulated air control device 142).

[0038] Therefore, the regulated air injection system 24 is configured to allow air 102 to be injected in various air injection configurations. In certain embodiments, the control system 22 (e.g., regulated air control device 142) may determine a suitable injection configuration based on the measured temperature distribution and / or other measured temperature characteristics (e.g., measured average temperature, measured maximum temperature, measured minimum temperature, measured temperature fluctuation) indicated by sensor feedback provided by the sensor grid system 28 (e.g., sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and / or 136). In such embodiments, the control system 22 (e.g., regulated air control device 142) may determine a suitable injection configuration based on a desired temperature distribution and / or other desired temperature characteristics (e.g., desired average temperature, desired maximum temperature, desired minimum temperature, desired temperature fluctuation) for the catalyst unit 30 (e.g., catalyst units 32 and 34) and the reducing agent injection unit 36 ​​(e.g., SCR unit 38). Therefore, the control system 22 (e.g., the regulated air control device 142) can instruct the controlled devices (e.g., valves and fans 100) of the regulated air injection system 24 to inject air 102 in an appropriate injection configuration so that the measured temperature distribution and / or other measured temperature characteristics can better match a desired temperature distribution and / or other desired temperature characteristics. For example, the control system 22 (e.g., the regulated air control device 142) can determine an injection configuration to reduce the measured variation in the temperature distribution of the exhaust gas 66 to below a desired maximum variation threshold and generate corresponding commands to provide the position (e.g., open or closed) for each valve and the speed (or position of the fan guide vane or damper) for each fan 100.

[0039] As previously described with reference to Figure 1, the sensor grid system can obtain sensor feedback of the temperature of the exhaust gas 66 at any suitable location within the exhaust duct 40, and the sensor grid system 28 includes a sensor grid (e.g., sensor grids 130, 132, 134, or 136). The sensor grid of the sensor grid system 28 may have a two-dimensional grid of sensors spaced apart from one another across the exhaust duct 40. Thus, the sensor grid can obtain sensor feedback of the temperature of the exhaust gas at various sensor positions across the sensor grid. The sensor grid (e.g., sensor grids 130, 132, 134, or 136) may have uniform sensor spacing and / or variable sensor spacing.

[0040] Figures 3 to 7 are schematic diagrams of a sensor grid system 28 positioned within the exhaust duct 40 in Figures 1 and 2, showing a temperature map 190 (e.g., a temperature contour map) and a sensor grid 192 (e.g., a two-dimensional sensor grid) in a plane 194 over the exhaust duct 40. The sensor grid 192 includes a plurality of sensors 196 (e.g., temperature sensors represented by black circles and numbers) spaced apart from each other in the plane 194. The sensor grid 192 is configured to measure the temperature across the plane 194 of the exhaust duct 40, either upstream or downstream of one or more catalyst units 30 (e.g., a CO catalyst unit 32 and an SCR catalyst unit 34) and one or more reducing agent injection units 36 (e.g., an SCR unit 38). For example, the sensor grid 192 may include one or more of the sensor grids 130, 132, 134, and 136, as described above with reference to Figure 1. Sensor 196 may include any number and arrangement of sensors, such as the illustrated sensors numbered from 1 to 36. However, in certain embodiments, the sensor grid 192 may include 10 to 1000 sensors 196 within the plane 194.

[0041] As described above and further described below, the control system 22 is configured to monitor temperature feedback from the sensor grid 192, calculate the average and maximum temperatures based on the temperature feedback, compare the average and maximum temperatures to target values ​​based at least in part on the error between the computer model and the sensor grid 192, adjust the error and target values ​​based on the failed sensor 196 assuming a worst-case scenario, and control the regulating air injection system 24 to maintain the target values. In particular, each failed sensor 196 in the sensor grid 192 is assumed to be a worst-case scenario (e.g., the most important sensor, the hottest area, etc.) for the purpose of adjusting the error and target value using the computer model and thereby providing a conservative method for controlling the regulating air injection system 24. As understood, the importance of each sensor 196 in the sensor grid 192 may depend on the temperature map 190 and the specific configuration of the sensors 196 in the sensor grid 192.

[0042] The temperature map 190 shows multiple temperature contour lines 198, each representing a constant temperature, and the temperature map 190 shows temperature changes (e.g., different temperature levels or magnitudes) from one temperature contour line 198 to another, according to the temperature line legend 200. The temperature contour lines 198 have different appearances (e.g., thickness, and line type such as solid or dashed). The temperature line legend 200 shows a baseline 202 for the temperature map 190, and the temperature generally increases as indicated by arrows 204. In the illustrated embodiment, the temperature contour lines 198 may be solid or dashed, with thicker contour lines generally indicating higher temperature levels, and thinner contour lines generally indicating lower temperature levels. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the temperature map 190 may include one or more continuous or discontinuous colors to indicate one or more temperature levels, and one or more colors may be interpreted as palette-like temperature bars. In some embodiments, the temperature map 190 may use any suitable visual representation to visualize the temperature profile of the exhaust gas 66.

[0043] The temperature map 190 and sensor grid 192 may be described with reference to a Cartesian coordinate system, or to a legend 206 having a first axis 208 (e.g., horizontal or X-axis), a second axis 210 (e.g., vertical or Y-axis), and a third axis 212 (e.g., axial or Z-axis). The first axis 208 and the second axis 210 define the plane 194 of the temperature map 190 and sensor grid 192, and the third axis 212 extends longitudinally along the exhaust duct 40 in the direction of exhaust gas flow 66.

[0044] Figures 3 and 4 show one embodiment of the temperature map 190 (e.g., temperature map 190A) having a high-temperature spot in the lower left region 214, where the temperature gradually increases from the left or upper left region 216 toward the lower left region 214. In contrast, Figures 5, 6, and 7 show one embodiment of the temperature map 190 (e.g., temperature map 190B) having a high-temperature spot in the central left region 218, where the temperature gradually increases from the left or upper left region 216 toward the central left region 218. Thus, the high-temperature spot may vary in its spatial location within the plane 194 depending on its location within the exhaust duct 40, the operating conditions of the gas turbine system 10, the operating conditions of the regulating air injection system 24, the operating conditions of the gas processing system 20, ambient conditions, or any combination thereof. As a result, the worst-case scenario for sensor failure of one or more sensors 196 in the sensor grid 192 may vary due to the variation in the temperature map 190 (e.g., temperature maps 190A and 190B). However, for any given temperature map 190, the control system 22 can identify high-temperature spots and the most important sensors 196 for measuring the highest temperature according to the temperature map 190, thereby allowing the control system 22 to adjust the error and target value based on the faulty sensor 196, assuming a worst-case scenario.

[0045] In certain embodiments, the sensor grid 192 may have a uniform sensor distribution and / or a variable or non-uniform sensor distribution with respect to the first axis 208 and the second axis 210 in the plane 194. In some embodiments, the sensor grid 192 may be arranged at the same intervals regardless of the variation in the temperature map 190 (e.g., temperature maps 190A and 190B), or the sensor grid 192 may be arranged at intervals customized for the temperature map 190 (e.g., temperature maps 190A and 190B).

[0046] Figures 3 to 7 show embodiments of a sensor grid 192 having different distributions of sensors 196, where the sensors 196 have a first spacing 220 along a first axis 208 and a second spacing 222 along a second axis 210. In certain embodiments, the first spacing 220 may be uniform or equal among the spaced sensors 196 arranged along the first axis 208, as shown in Figures 3 to 5, or the first spacing 220 may be non-uniform or variable among the spaced sensors 196 arranged along the first axis 208, as shown in Figures 6 to 7. Similarly, in certain embodiments, the second spacing 222 may be uniform or equal among the spaced sensors 196 arranged along the second axis 210, as shown in Figure 3, or the second spacing 222 may be non-uniform or variable among the spaced sensors 196 arranged along the second axis 210, as shown in Figures 4 to 7. In some embodiments, the first spacing 220 and the second spacing 222 may be equal to each other so that the entire sensor grid 192 has a uniform spacing or distribution of sensors 196. Various distributions of sensors 196 are described in further detail below with reference to Figures 3 to 7.

[0047] Figure 3 shows one embodiment of a sensor grid 192 (e.g., sensor grid 192A) having a uniform distribution of sensors 196, where a first spacing 220 is uniform or equal among the sensors 196 along a first axis 208, and a second spacing 222 is uniform or equal among the sensors 196 along a second axis 210. In the illustrated embodiment, the first spacing 220 is greater than the second spacing 222. However, in some embodiments, the first spacing 220 is smaller than the second spacing 222, or the first spacing 220 and the second spacing 222 are equal to each other. The sensor grid 192 (e.g., 192A) can be used with either of the temperature maps 190 (e.g., 190A and 190B). In particular, the uniformity of the first spacing 220 and the second spacing 222 does not increase the density of sensors 196 (e.g., does not reduce the spacing) for particularly important areas, such as high-temperature spots. In contrast, a particular embodiment of the sensor grid 192 may be adjusted to the temperature maps 190 (e.g., 190A and 190B), the shape of the exhaust duct 40, the flow of the exhaust gas 66, the spatial orientation or arrangement of one or more catalyst units 30 (e.g., CO catalyst unit 32 and SCR catalyst unit 34) and one or more reducing agent injection units 36 (e.g., SCR unit 38), or any combination thereof.

[0048] Figure 4 shows one embodiment of a sensor grid 192 (e.g., sensor grid 192B) having a variable distribution of sensors 196, where a first spacing 220 is uniform or equal among the sensors 196 along a first axis 208, and a second spacing 222 is non-uniform or variable among the sensors 196 along a second axis 210. In the illustrated embodiment, the second spacing 222 gradually increases along the second axis 210 from the bottom surface 224 toward the top surface 226 of the exhaust duct 40. Thus, the second spacing 222 among the sensors 196 is generally smaller or denser toward the bottom surface 224, including the high-temperature spots in the temperature maps 190, 190A within the lower left region 214. As a result of the denser spacing within the lower left region 214, the sensor grid 192B may have improved accuracy and / or redundancy in the high-temperature spots of the temperature maps 190, 190A. The control system 22 may take into account this close spacing of the sensors 196 within the high-temperature spot when calculating the error and target values ​​for the average temperature and maximum temperature.

[0049] Figure 5 shows one embodiment of the sensor grid 192 (e.g., sensor grid 192B) of Figure 4 in the context of temperature map 190 (e.g., 190B). Sensor grid 192B is substantially the same as that described above with reference to Figure 4. However, temperature map 190B in Figure 5 differs from temperature map 190A in Figure 4 because the high-temperature spot is shifted from the lower left region 214 to the central left region 218. In certain embodiments, the temperature maps 190 (e.g., 190A and 190B) and the locations of the high-temperature spots (e.g., 214 and 218) may change due to changes in the operating parameters of the gas turbine system 10 (e.g., during startup, steady state, partial load, full load, evaporative cooler operation, etc.), changes in the operating parameters of the regulating air injection system 24 (e.g., flow rate, fan on or off state, etc.), ambient temperature, or any combination thereof. Therefore, as shown in Figure 5, the second spacing 222 of the sensor 196 is smallest in the lower left region 214 rather than in the central left region 218 where the high-temperature spot is located. Thus, the sensor grid 192B may not be as accurate for the temperature map 190B in Figure 5 compared to using the sensor grid 192B for the temperature map 190A in Figure 4. The control system 22 may take this spacing of the sensor 196 (e.g., dense spacing offset from the high-temperature spot) into account when calculating the error and target values ​​for the average and maximum temperatures.

[0050] Figure 6 shows one embodiment of a sensor grid 192 (e.g., sensor grid 192C) having a variable distribution of sensors 196 with a temperature map 190 (e.g., 190B), where a first spacing 220 is non-uniform or variable among the sensors 196 along a first axis 208, and a second spacing 222 is non-uniform or variable among the sensors 196 along a second axis 210. In the illustrated embodiment, the sensor grid 192C has a distribution 228 biased toward the center of the sensors 196, where the sensors 196 are most densely distributed at the center 230 of the exhaust duct 40 at the intersection of a vertical axis 232 centered along the first axis 208 and a horizontal axis 234 centered along the second axis 210 (minimum spacings 220 and 222). As shown in the figure, the first spacing 220 is smallest on the vertical axis 232 (for example, centered around the vertical axis 232), and the first spacing 220 gradually increases in the opposite direction away from the vertical axis 232 along the first axis 208. Similarly, the second spacing 222 is smallest on the horizontal axis 234 (for example, centered around the horizontal axis 234), and the second spacing 222 gradually increases in the opposite direction away from the horizontal axis 234 along the second axis 210.

[0051] Therefore, in the illustrated embodiment, the centrally biased distribution 228 of the sensor 196 enhances accuracy and / or redundancy toward the center 230 of the exhaust duct 40. The centrally biased distribution 228 may be useful when the central temperature is important for controlling the temperature map in the exhaust duct 40, and / or when the hot spots are at least near the center 230 of the exhaust duct 40. In the illustrated embodiment, the central left region 218 has hot spots relatively close to the center 230 of the exhaust duct 40. Therefore, the sensor grid 192 (e.g., sensor grid 192C) of Figure 6 may be advantageous in combination with embodiments of the control system 22, and fewer sensors 196 may be used in combination with compensation to account for sensor failures.

[0052] Figure 7 shows one embodiment of a sensor grid 192 (e.g., sensor grid 192D) having a variable distribution of sensors 196 with a temperature map 190 (e.g., 190B), where the first spacing 220 is non-uniform or variable among the sensors 196 along the first axis 208, and the second spacing 222 is non-uniform or variable among the sensors 196 along the second axis 210. In the illustrated embodiment, the sensor grid 192D has a thermally biased distribution 236 of sensors 196, where the sensors 196 are most densely distributed at the center 238 of the high-temperature spot in the central left region 218 (minimum spacings 220 and 222). As shown, the first spacing 220 is smallest at the center 238 of the high-temperature spot, and the first spacing 220 gradually increases in the opposite direction away from the center 238 of the high-temperature spot along the first axis 208. Similarly, the second spacing 222 is smallest at the center 238 of the hot spot, and gradually increases in the opposite direction away from the center 238 of the hot spot along the second axis 210. Thus, in the illustrated embodiment, the thermally biased distribution 236 of the sensors 196 enhances accuracy and / or redundancy toward the center 238 of the hot spot. The thermally biased distribution 236 may be useful when the hot spot is important for controlling the temperature map in the exhaust duct 40. Thus, the sensor grid 192 (e.g., sensor grid 192D) in Figure 7 may be advantageous in combination with embodiments of the control system 22, and fewer sensors 196 may be used in combination with compensation to account for sensor failures.

[0053] Referring to Figures 1 to 7 in general, the sensor feedback acquired by the sensor 196 at various positions together forms individual measured temperature profiles of the exhaust gas 66 across the sensor grid 192. In some embodiments, the temperature sensor feedback may be further processed to calculate the measured temperature characteristics (e.g., measured average temperature, measured maximum temperature, measured minimum temperature, measured temperature variation). By analyzing the calculated temperature profile characteristics of the exhaust gas 66 (e.g., measured average temperature, measured maximum temperature, measured minimum temperature, measured temperature variation), the amount of regulating air to be injected into the exhaust gas 66 can be determined.

[0054] If a sensor failure occurs, fewer sensors 196 may be obtaining sensor feedback for the temperature of the exhaust gas 66. The measured temperature characteristics can be calculated using only the sensor feedback for temperature obtained from the remaining sensors 196. If the failed sensor is located at the most critical sensor location, such as the hottest sensor spot, certain measured temperature characteristics, such as the measured average temperature and the measured maximum temperature, may be lower than if there had been no sensor failure. Therefore, the thermal control system may be configured to compensate for the failed sensor 196. Specifically, the control system 22 may be configured to compensate for each failed sensor 196 by assuming a worst-case scenario (e.g., the most critical sensor location or operating point), regardless of the actual sensor location of the failed sensor in the sensor grid 192.

[0055] Therefore, each sensor position may be described by a set of three coordinates, where a first coordinate along the first axis 208 and a second coordinate along the second axis 210 indicate the position of each sensor 196 on the sensor grid 192, and a third coordinate along the third axis 212 indicates the location of the sensor grid 192 within the exhaust duct 40. The set of coordinates indicating the sensor positions may be used to generate simulated temperatures for multiple sensors 196 predicted by a computer model. As previously described with reference to Figure 1, the gas turbine system 10 may include one or more computer models (e.g., CFD analysis) that can simulate the operation of the gas turbine system 10. Thus, the computer model may determine the flow characteristics of the fluid flow within it (e.g., exhaust gas 66, conditioning air, reducing agent), and the flow characteristics of the fluid flow may include flow rates, pressure values, temperature values, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the computer model may provide a simulated temperature of the exhaust gas 66 throughout the exhaust duct 40.

[0056] More specifically, the computer model can generate a continuous simulated temperature profile of the exhaust gas 66 across the sensor grid 192 (e.g., sensor grid 192 or 196). The simulated temperatures of multiple sensors 196 can be extracted from the computer model by a set of coordinates indicating the sensor positions. In some embodiments, the simulated temperatures can be further processed to calculate simulated temperature characteristics (e.g., simulated average temperature, simulated maximum temperature, simulated minimum temperature, simulated temperature fluctuation). The simulated temperatures can then be compared to temperature feedback from the sensors 196 to establish an error and obtain a setpoint for a thermal control system (e.g., thermal control system 18 in Figure 1), or more specifically, a sensor grid control device of the control system 22 (e.g., sensor grid control device 144 in Figure 1). In some embodiments, the above error may be the difference between the computer model and the temperature feedback for the average temperature, maximum temperature, or any other temperature characteristic of the multiple sensors 196.

[0057] In some embodiments, a continuous simulated temperature profile may be visualized as a temperature map, such as the temperature map 190 shown in Figures 3 to 7. The continuous simulated temperature profile may be used to identify the worst-case sensor location corresponding to the worst-case scenario of sensor failure. As previously described with reference to Figure 1, if a sensor failure occurs in any of the multiple sensors 196, the errors and setpoints may be updated based on the worst-case scenario of sensor failure. For example, considering Figures 3 and 4, sensor 1 of the multiple sensors 196 is simulated to be located at the hottest spot across the exhaust duct 40, in other words, the loss of sensor 1 is considered the worst-case scenario of sensor failure based on the computer model. Therefore, if a failure occurs in any of the sensors 196 (e.g., any of sensors 1 to 36), the errors and setpoints of the thermal control system 18, or more specifically, the sensor grid control device 144, are updated assuming that sensor 1 has failed.

[0058] As a more specific example, the error may be updated to be the difference between the measured average temperature of the operating sensor 196 and the simulated average temperatures of several sensors, excluding sensor 1 which is simulated to be placed at the hottest spot across the exhaust duct 40. Thus, the thermal control system 18, or more specifically, the sensor grid control device 144 of the control system 22, may intentionally overcompensate for the loss of a failed sensor, regardless of whether the failed sensor 196 could actually be the sensor 196 (e.g., sensor 1) corresponding to the worst-case scenario of sensor failure.

[0059] In some embodiments, the sensors 196 may be single-element thermocouples, each sensor including a single sensor element for obtaining sensor feedback of the temperature of the exhaust gas 66. In such embodiments, the worst-case sensor location is at the hottest spot based on a continuous simulated temperature profile across the sensor grid 192. In other embodiments, the sensors 196 may be two-element or multi-element thermocouples, each sensor 196 including multiple sensor elements for obtaining redundant sensor feedback of temperature. In such embodiments, the worst-case scenario for sensor failure considers the failure of one or more of the multiple sensor elements. If an additional sensor 196 fails, the thermal control system 18, or more specifically, the sensor grid control device 144 of the control system 22, assumes the next worst-case scenario for each consecutive sensor failure and establishes a new error and a new setpoint in the assumed next worst-case scenario.

[0060] For example, considering Figures 3 and 4, if two sensors 196 (e.g., any two sensors 196 of sensors 1-36) fail, the errors and setpoints for the thermal control system 18, or more specifically, the sensor grid control device 144 of the control system 22, are updated assuming two worst-case scenario sensor failures, since sensors 1 and 2 are simulated to be located in the top two hot spots across the exhaust duct 40. However, it should be noted that the temperature profile may be updated at any time as the thermal control system 18, or more specifically, the sensor grid control device 144 of the control system 22, controls the temperature of the exhaust gas 66. Therefore, the sensor positions corresponding to the worst-case scenario of sensor failure may be updated according to the updated temperature profile.

[0061] Depending on the arrangement of the multiple sensors 196, it can be observed that the importance of the sensors 196 may be ranked differently. For example, the five most important sensors 196 in the sensor grid 192 in Figure 3 are, in order of importance, sensor 1, sensor 2, sensor 3, sensor 10, and sensor 4, and the five most important sensors 196 in the sensor grid 192 in Figure 4 are sensor 1, sensor 2, sensor 3, sensor 4, and sensor 5. As previously described, sensor grids 192A and 192B are arranged differently, with sensor grid 192A having uniform spacing of multiple sensors 196 along the first axis 208 and the second axis 210, and sensor grid 192B having variable spacing of multiple sensors 196 along the second axis 210. In some embodiments, the sensors 196 may be strategically arranged to reduce the potential impact of sensor failure. For example, the sensors 196 may be placed closer to each other in a particular area of ​​interest (e.g., an expected high-temperature spot, a central area, etc.). For example, as described above, Figure 6 shows a distribution 228 biased towards the center of the sensor 196, and Figure 7 shows a thermally biased distribution 236 of the sensor 196. In some embodiments, the sensor 196 may be evenly distributed, biased toward one or more sides, biased toward one or more central axes, biased toward one or more high-temperature spots, or arranged in any suitable configuration.

[0062] In some embodiments, the sensor placement can be optimized to minimize the impact of sensor failure. In some embodiments, the history of sensor feedback of the exhaust gas 66 temperature, or the history of a simulated temperature profile, can be analyzed to identify a specific area of ​​interest. For example, the history of a simulated temperature profile can be analyzed by a computer model to identify the area most likely to have a temperature exceeding a maximum temperature threshold. In the illustrated embodiment of Figure 7, the central left region 218 (e.g., area of ​​interest) is identified as being hotter than other areas in the exhaust duct 40. Therefore, the sensor 196 in the sensor grid 192 (e.g., 192D) is biased toward the area of ​​interest (e.g., at the center 238 of the hot spot). In such embodiments, if a sensor fails near the area of ​​interest, the increase in uncertainty of the measured temperature characteristics due to the sensor failure can be reduced compared to other embodiments where sensor feedback of temperature is obtained through an unoptimized sensor grid.

[0063] With the above in mind, Figure 8 is a process flow diagram showing a method 300 by which the thermal control system 18 can control the temperature in the exhaust system 16. The thermal control system 18 may include a regulating air control device 142 and a sensor grid control device 144, which together can control the flow of regulating air that can be injected into the exhaust system 16 through a regulating air injection system 24. Specifically, the thermal control system 18 can regulate the flow of regulating air by compensating for a faulty sensor in the sensor grid system 28. Thus, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the gas turbine system 10 can protect the gas processing system 20 from overheating and continue its operation without interruption due to sensor failure.

[0064] In the illustrated embodiment, method 300 includes establishing an error (block 302) between a computer model (e.g., CFD analysis) and a sensor grid (e.g., sensor grids 130, 132, 134, 136, 192) for the average and maximum temperatures in the exhaust section (e.g., exhaust system 16) of a gas turbine system 10 having a gas processing system 20. In other words, the error may be the difference between a simulated temperature characteristic determined from the simulated temperature of the computer model and a measured temperature characteristic determined from the measured temperature obtained from the sensor grid.

[0065] Method 300 includes subtracting an established error from the limits of the gas treatment system 20 (block 304) and setting target values ​​for the thermal control system 18 in the exhaust section. In some embodiments, the limits of the gas treatment system 20 may be operating limits for the gas treatment system and its components set by the system manufacturer. In other embodiments, the limits of the gas treatment system 20 may be empirical operating limits determined from past operating data of the gas treatment system. The target values ​​may include a target average temperature, a target maximum temperature, or both in the exhaust section. In some embodiments, the target values ​​may be determined based on the limits of the gas treatment system 20. For example, the target maximum temperature in the exhaust section may be part of the operating limits for components of the gas treatment system 20, such as the SCR catalyst unit 34.

[0066] Method 300 includes controlling the gas turbine system 10 and the gas processing system 20 under various operating conditions (block 306). The operating conditions may include conditions of various equipment in the system, such as ambient temperature, exhaust inlet temperature, and temperature sensor 196; the current state of the controlled device, such as the speed of the fan 100 or the position of the guide vanes or dampers in the regulating air injection system 24; any other operating conditions indicating the state of one aspect of the gas turbine system 10; or any suitable combination thereof.

[0067] Method 300 includes monitoring the temperature in the exhaust section via one or more temperature sensors 196 (block 308) to provide temperature feedback indicating the temperature at one or more respective sensor locations, the one or more temperature sensors 196 being located within a sensor grid 192. In some embodiments, the temperature feedback may be stored in a memory 148 of the control system 22 of the gas turbine system 10.

[0068] Method 300 includes controlling the flow of regulated air 102 to the exhaust section (block 310) based on temperature feedback, target values, and operating conditions. The thermal control system 18 may change (e.g., increase or decrease) the flow rate of regulated air 102 by controlling controlled devices in the regulated air injection system 24. For example, the thermal control system 18 may re-establish the speed of the fan 100 or the position of the guide vanes or dampers to control the flow of regulated air 102.

[0069] Method 300 includes controlling a gas treatment system 20 in the exhaust section based on temperature feedback and operating conditions (block 312). The thermal control system 18 may change (e.g., increase or decrease) the flow rate of a reducing agent (e.g., ammonia) by controlling a controlled device in a reducing agent injection system (e.g., reducing agent injection unit 36). For example, the thermal control system may control a valve 116 configured to control the flow of the reducing agent to the evaporator (e.g., evaporator 112) of the reducing agent injection unit 36.

[0070] Method 300 includes monitoring for failures of one or more temperature sensors 196 (e.g., a faulty sensor) in the sensor grid 192 (block 314). In some embodiments, the thermal control system 18 may be configured to determine sensor failure of one or more temperature sensors 196 by any suitable method. For example, the thermal control system 18 may determine whether a sensor has failed by analyzing the history of sensor readings related to the sensor or other suitable sensors and comparing the sensor reading with the history of sensor readings. In some embodiments, new temperature feedback may be obtained from the remaining sensors 196. In some embodiments, the operating conditions may be updated in the thermal control system 18 to new operating conditions indicating a faulty temperature sensor.

[0071] Method 300 includes re-establishing the error from the computer model versus the sensor grid 192 for the average temperature, maximum temperature, or both in the exhaust section, based on the worst location and / or worst operating conditions of the faulty sensor, regardless of the actual sensor location of the faulty sensor in the sensor grid 192 (block 316). In some embodiments, the worst location of the faulty sensor may correspond to the hottest sensor location.

[0072] Method 300 includes subtracting the above error from the limits of the gas treatment system 20 (block 318) and setting new target values ​​for the thermal control system 18 in the exhaust section. The new target values ​​may include a new target average temperature and a new target maximum temperature in the exhaust section.

[0073] Method 300 includes controlling the flow of regulated air 102 to the exhaust section (e.g., increasing or decreasing the flow) based on new temperature feedback, new target values, and new operating conditions (block 320). The thermal control system 18 may change (e.g., increase or decrease) the flow rate of regulated air by controlling controlled devices in the regulated air injection system 24. For example, the thermal control system 18 may re-establish the speed of the fan 100 or the position of the guide vanes or dampers to control the flow of regulated air 102.

[0074] According to the various embodiments described above, a gas turbine system 10 including a gas treatment system 20 which may have temperature-sensitive components (or, specifically, an SCR catalyst unit 34) has a thermal control system 18 configured to continue its operation without interruption due to sensor failure in the system 18. Furthermore, the thermal control system 18 may function conservatively to protect the gas treatment system 20 from overheating and causing substantial damage to the gas turbine system 10. Thus, the technical effect of the disclosed embodiments is to improve the control of the gas treatment system by improving exhaust gas temperature control using conditioned air, regardless of sensor failure. In particular, the technical effect of the disclosed embodiments is to adjust target values ​​for mean and maximum temperatures by assuming a worst-case scenario for each sensor failure, thereby taking into account the errors caused by sensor failures, regardless of the specific location or importance of the sensor. Thus, the use of worst-case scenarios for sensor failures improves the control system, at least by simplifying the control system and improving the overall efficiency of the control system. The control system may also allow for a reduction in the set of sensors in the sensor grid, thereby reducing costs and improving the efficiency of the control system. Furthermore, the sensor grid can be tailored to a specific temperature map, such as by focusing on the distribution of sensors within a particular area of ​​interest (e.g., a high-temperature spot), thereby improving the accuracy and redundancy of sensors within the area of ​​interest regardless of sensor failure.

[0075] The subject matter described in detail above may be defined by one or more of the following clauses.

[0076] In a particular embodiment, the system includes an exhaust duct, a gas treatment system coupled to the exhaust duct, a sensor grid having a plurality of sensors located within the exhaust duct, a regulating air injection system coupled to the exhaust duct upstream from the gas treatment system, wherein the regulating air injection system is configured to inject airflow into the exhaust flow within the exhaust duct, and a controller having memory, a processor, and instructions stored in memory, wherein the instructions are executable by the processor to: obtain sensor feedback of temperature via a plurality of sensors in the sensor grid; establish errors between a computer model and the sensor grid for mean and maximum temperatures to compensate for a worst-case scenario of sensor failure in the event of sensor failure in any of the sensors; subtract the above errors from the operating limits of the gas treatment system to set target mean and target maximum temperatures; and control the airflow from the regulating air injection system to the exhaust flow within the exhaust duct based on the target mean and target maximum temperatures and temperature measurements from the sensor grid.

[0077] The system described in the preceding clause, where the worst-case scenario of sensor failure includes the worst sensor location.

[0078] A system described in any preceding clause in which the worst-case sensor location is at the hottest spot based on the temperature profile across the sensor grid.

[0079] A system as described in any preceding clause, which includes instructions for the controller to establish an error between a computer model and a sensor grid for mean and maximum temperatures to compensate for the worst-case scenario of the total number of sensor failures in a total number of sensor failures in a plurality of sensors, for each consecutive sensor failure, and to subtract the above error from the operating limits of the gas processing system to set target mean and target maximum temperatures.

[0080] The worst-case scenario for the total number of sensor failures, including the worst sensor location for the total number of sensor failures, as described in any preceding clause of the system.

[0081] A system as described in any preceding clause, in which the worst-case sensor location is at one or more of the hottest spots based on the temperature profile across the sensor grid.

[0082] The above error lies between the computer model's prediction and the sensor grid's measurement of the average and maximum temperatures, and the operating limits include the temperature limits of the gas processing system as described in any preceding clause.

[0083] A system as described in any preceding clause, in which each of the multiple sensors includes multiple sensor elements for obtaining redundant sensor feedback of temperature, and the worst-case scenario of sensor failure considers the failure of one or more of the multiple sensor elements.

[0084] A system as described in any preceding clause, which includes instructions for the controller to establish initial errors between a computer model and a sensor grid for the mean and maximum temperature before sensor failure, and to set target mean and target maximum temperature by subtracting the initial errors from the operating limits of the gas processing system.

[0085] A system as described in any preceding clause, which includes instructions for the controller to calculate the measured average and measured maximum temperatures based on sensor feedback, to compare the measured average with a target average and the measured maximum with a target maximum to obtain a comparison, and to control the airflow from the regulating air injection system to the exhaust flow in the exhaust duct based on the comparison.

[0086] A gas treatment system, as described in any preceding clause, including a catalytic unit located within an exhaust duct.

[0087] A system as described in any preceding clause, in which the catalyst unit includes a carbon monoxide (CO) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, or a combination thereof.

[0088] A gas treatment system, as described in any preceding clause, including a reducing agent injection unit located within an exhaust duct.

[0089] The system described in any preceding clause, wherein the sensor grid is positioned upstream and / or downstream of the catalyst unit, the reducing agent injection unit, or a combination thereof.

[0090] A system as described in any preceding clause, comprising a gas turbine engine coupled to an exhaust duct.

[0091] In a particular embodiment, the system includes a memory, a processor, and a controller having instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable by the processor to obtain sensor feedback of temperature via a plurality of sensors in a sensor grid located in an exhaust duct, a gas treatment system coupled to the exhaust duct, a regulating air injection system coupled to the exhaust duct upstream from the gas treatment system, the regulating air injection system being configured to inject airflow into the exhaust flow in the exhaust duct, establish errors between a computer model and the sensor grid for mean and maximum temperatures to compensate for the worst-case scenario of sensor failure in the event of sensor failure in any of the plurality of sensors, set target mean and target maximum temperatures by subtracting the above errors from the operating limits of the gas treatment system, and control the airflow from the regulating air injection system to the exhaust flow in the exhaust duct based on the target mean and target maximum temperatures and temperature measurements from the sensor grid.

[0092] The system described in the preceding clause, comprising a sensor grid coupled to a controller.

[0093] A system as described in any preceding clause, which includes instructions for the controller to establish an error between a computer model and a sensor grid for mean and maximum temperatures to compensate for the worst-case scenario of the total number of sensor failures in a total number of sensor failures in a plurality of sensors, for each consecutive sensor failure, and to subtract the above error from the operating limits of the gas processing system to set target mean and target maximum temperatures.

[0094] In a particular embodiment, the method includes obtaining sensor feedback of temperature via a plurality of sensors in a sensor grid located in an exhaust duct, wherein a gas treatment system is coupled to the exhaust duct, and a regulating air injection system is coupled to the exhaust duct upstream from the gas treatment system, and the regulating air injection system is configured to inject airflow into the exhaust flow in the exhaust duct; establishing errors between a computer model and the sensor grid for mean and maximum temperatures to compensate for the worst-case scenario of sensor failure in the event of sensor failure in any of the plurality of sensors; setting target mean and target maximum temperatures by subtracting the above errors from the operating limits of the gas treatment system; and controlling the airflow from the regulating air injection system to the exhaust flow in the exhaust duct based on the target mean and target maximum temperatures and temperature measurements from the sensor grid.

[0095] The method of the preceding clause, comprising: establishing an error between a computer model and a sensor grid for mean and maximum temperature values ​​to compensate for the worst-case scenario of the total number of sensor failures in a total number of sensor failures in a group of sensors; and setting target mean and target maximum temperature values ​​by subtracting the above error from the operating limits of the gas processing system.

[0096] This specification uses examples to disclose the present invention in its best mode and to enable anyone skilled in the art to carry out the invention, including the fabrication and use of any device or system and the execution of any method incorporating it. The patentable scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and may include other examples that a person skilled in the art could conceive. Such other examples are intended to be within the claims if they have structural elements that are not different from the language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements that are substantially different from the language of the claims. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0097] 10 Gas Turbine Systems 12 Gas turbine engines 14 Intake System 16 Exhaust System 18 Thermal control systems 20 Gas Processing Systems 22 Control Systems 24 Adjustment Air Injection System 26 Sensor Grid Monitoring System 28 Sensor Grid System 30 Catalyst Unit 32 Catalyst unit, CO catalyst unit, carbon monoxide (CO) catalyst 34. Catalyst unit, SCR catalyst unit, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. 36 Reducing agent injection unit 38 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Unit 40 Exhaust duct 42 Reducing agent supply system 44 SCR Skid 50 Compressors 52 Combustor 54 Fuel nozzle 56 Turbine 58 Air filter 60 Silencer 62 Fuel supply source 64 load 66 Exhaust gas, exhaust flow 68 Exhaust Inlet 70 Exhaust outlet 72 Exhaust Stack 74 Exhaust stack outlet 76 First duct section 78 Second duct section 80 Exhaust flow direction 82 Air injection duct 84 Intake duct section 86 Duct section 88 Duct section 90 Duct section 90A duct section 90B Duct section 92 Duct section 94 Airflow direction 96 Air filter 98 Silencer 100 fans 100A fan 100B Fan 102 Air, regulating air, airflow 110 Reducing agent sources 112 Evaporator 114 Conduit 116 valves 118 Heat source 120 Conduit 122 valves 124 Conduit 126 valves 130 Sensor Grid 132 Sensor Grid 134 Sensor Grid 136 Sensor Grid 138 circuits 140 controllers 142 Adjustable air control device 144 Sensor Grid Control Device 146 processors 148 memory 150 instructions 152 Communication Circuits 180A direction 180B direction 180C direction 180D direction 190 Temperature Map 190A Temperature Map 190B Temperature Map 192 Sensor Grid 192A Sensor Grid 192B Sensor Grid 192C Sensor Grid 192D Sensor Grid 194 plane 196 Sensors, Sensor Grids, Temperature Sensors 198 Temperature contour line 200 Temperature Line Legend 202 Reference Line 204 Arrow 206 Legend 208 The first axis 210 The second axis 212 The Third Axis 214 Lower left area, high-temperature spot 216 Left or upper left area 218 Central left region, high-temperature spot 220 First interval, minimum interval 222 Second interval, minimum interval 224 Bottom 226 Top surface 228. Distribution biased towards the center. 230 center 232 Vertical axis 234 horizontal axis 236 Thermally biased distribution 238 Center of high-temperature spot

Claims

1. Exhaust duct (40) and, A gas treatment system (20) connected to the exhaust duct (40), A sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136) having multiple sensors arranged within the exhaust duct (40), A regulating air injection system (24) is connected to the exhaust duct (40) upstream from the gas processing system (20), wherein the regulating air injection system (24) is configured to inject an airflow (102) into the exhaust flow in the exhaust duct (40), A controller (140) having a memory (148), a processor (146), and instructions (150) stored in the memory (148), wherein the instructions (150) are To obtain temperature sensor feedback via the plurality of sensors in the sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136), If a sensor failure occurs in any of the aforementioned multiple sensors, To establish an error between the computer model and the sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136) for the average and maximum values ​​of the temperature in order to compensate for the worst-case scenario of the sensor failure, Subtracting the error from the operating limit of the gas processing system (20), the target average and target maximum values ​​of the temperature are set. Based on the target average and target maximum values ​​of the temperature, and the temperature measurements from the sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136), the airflow (102) from the adjustment air injection system (24) to the exhaust flow (66) in the exhaust duct (40) is controlled. A controller (140) and a processor (146) are available to perform the following: A system (10) comprising:

2. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the worst-case scenario of the sensor failure includes a worst-case sensor location, the worst-case sensor location being the hottest spot based on a temperature profile across the sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136).

3. The controller (140) determines, for each consecutive sensor failure in the total number of sensor failures in the plurality of sensors, To establish the error between the computer model and the sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136) for the mean and maximum values ​​of the temperature in order to compensate for the worst-case scenario of the total number of sensor failures, Subtracting the error from the operating limit of the gas processing system (20), the target average value and target maximum value of the temperature are set. A system (10) according to claim 1 or 2, including an instruction (150) for performing the following.

4. The system (10) according to claim 3, wherein the worst-case scenario of the total number of sensor failures includes the worst sensor location of the total number of sensor failures, the worst sensor location is located at one or more hottest spots based on a temperature profile across the sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136).

5. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the error lies between the computer model's prediction of the average and maximum values ​​of the temperature and the measurement by the sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136), and the operating limit includes the temperature limit of the gas processing system (20).

6. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of sensors comprises a plurality of sensor elements for obtaining redundant sensor feedback of temperature, and the worst-case scenario of sensor failure considers the failure of one or more of the plurality of sensor elements.

7. The controller (140) before the sensor failure occurred To establish the initial error between the computer model and the sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136) for the average and maximum values ​​of the temperature, Subtracting the initial error from the operating limit of the gas processing system (20), the target average value and target maximum value of the temperature are set. The system (10) according to claim 1, including an instruction (150) for performing the following.

8. The controller (140) Based on the sensor feedback, the measured average and measured maximum values ​​of the temperature are calculated, The measured average value is compared with the target average value, and the measured maximum value is compared with the target maximum value to obtain a comparison. Based on the above comparison, the airflow (102) from the adjustment air injection system (24) to the exhaust flow (66) in the exhaust duct (40) is controlled. The system (10) according to claim 1, including instructions for performing the following actions.

9. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the gas treatment system (20) comprises a catalyst unit (30) disposed within the exhaust duct (40), and the catalyst unit (30) includes a carbon monoxide (CO) catalyst (32), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst (34), or a combination thereof.

10. The system (10) according to claim 9, wherein the gas treatment system (20) comprises a reducing agent injection unit (36) located in the exhaust duct (40), and the sensor grids (130, 132, 134, 136) are located upstream and / or downstream of the catalyst unit (30), the reducing agent injection unit (36), or a combination thereof.

11. The system (10) according to claim 1, comprising a gas turbine engine (12) coupled to the exhaust duct (40).

12. A method for controlling exhaust gas temperature, wherein the method is The method involves obtaining temperature sensor feedback via multiple sensors in a sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136) located within an exhaust duct (40), wherein a gas treatment system (20) is connected to the exhaust duct (40), and a regulating air injection system (24) is connected to the exhaust duct (40) upstream from the gas treatment system (20), and the regulating air injection system (24) is configured to inject an airflow (102) into the exhaust flow (66) within the exhaust duct (40), and the method involves obtaining temperature sensor feedback via multiple sensors in a sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136) located within an exhaust duct (40), wherein the gas treatment system (20) is connected to the exhaust duct (40), and the regulating air injection system (24) is connected to the exhaust duct (40) upstream from the gas treatment system (20), and the method involves obtaining temperature sensor feedback via a gas treatment system (20) is connected to the exhaust duct (40), and the method involves obtaining temperature sensor feedback via a gas treatment system (20) is connected to the exhaust duct (40), and the regulating air injection system (24) is configured to inject an airflow (102) into the exhaust flow (66) within the exhaust duct (40), If a sensor failure occurs in any of the aforementioned multiple sensors, To establish an error between the computer model and the sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136) for the average and maximum values ​​of the temperature in order to compensate for the worst-case scenario of the sensor failure, Subtracting the error from the operating limit of the gas processing system (20), the target average and target maximum values ​​of the temperature are set. Based on the target average and target maximum values ​​of the temperature, and the temperature measurements from the sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136), the airflow (102) from the adjustment air injection system (24) to the exhaust flow (66) in the exhaust duct (40) is controlled. Methods that include...

13. For each consecutive sensor failure in the total number of sensor failures in the aforementioned plurality of sensors, To establish the error between the computer model and the sensor grid (130, 132, 134, 136) for the mean and maximum values ​​of the temperature in order to compensate for the worst-case scenario of the total number of sensor failures, Subtracting the error from the operating limit of the gas processing system (20), the target average value and target maximum value of the temperature are set. The method according to claim 12, including the method described in claim 12.

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