Compositions and methods for reducing plant damage caused by pesticides and improving plant yields.

Abstract

This invention provides agricultural management products and methods, particularly plants, seeds, and soil treatment products, as well as methods for their manufacture and use. [Solution] The plant treatment product contains plant treatment components and is preferably mixed with a microbial fermentation product. The microbial fermentation product contains cellular material of cultured microorganisms and one or more anaerobic metabolites of cultured microorganisms. Preferably, the microbial fermentation product contains liquid fermentation medium components and a total culture lysate of a microbial fermentation suspension culture containing dissolved microorganisms. The plant treatment components of the product contain one or more pesticides or plant growth regulators. The plant treatment product can be applied to or around plants or seeds to enhance plant growth, health, or productivity.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to agricultural management, and more particularly to methods for producing and using plants, seeds, and soil treatment products and plants, seeds, and soil treatment products. Specifically, the present invention relates to compositions and methods for improving plant yields, including formulations and methods for treating plants, seeds, and soil to reduce damage caused by chemical pesticides and / or for treating plants, seeds, and soil. [Background technology]

[0002] Crop protection is a crucial part of crop management and can lead to reduced disease and increased crop yields. Crop protection products such as pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, fungicides, etc.) can help reduce or eliminate organisms that may negatively affect crops. However, the use of conventional synthetic crop protection products presents many problems. For example, while these chemicals are designed to target harmful organisms such as weeds, pests, or microorganisms that can harm crops, the chemicals themselves can have negative effects on the crop. Specifically, the application of these chemicals can cause non-biological stress, which can significantly reduce crop growth, health, and yield.

[0003] Furthermore, synthetic crop protection products are often nonspecific and can disrupt the natural, healthy biomes of crops and soil. Repeated use of chemicals with specific, single mechanisms of action can lead to the development and / or selection of resistant bacteria. Moreover, due to the nature of these synthetics, these products can be toxic to humans and animals and may leave toxic residues on crops or the environment. Consumers worldwide are recognizing the potential environmental and health problems associated with residual chemicals in food and groundwater, and are pressuring producers to reduce the use of synthetic chemicals in the production of food chain crops.

[0004] Therefore, there are many issues that can be addressed in the field of crop protection. For example, in one aspect, there is a need for new crop protection alternatives that, either alone or in conjunction with a reduction in synthetic chemicals, meet consumer demands, reduce the risk of pest resistance, and produce healthier crops. [Overview of the Initiative] [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] Embodiments of the present disclosure solve one or more of the above-described problems or other problems in the art using products and methods for treating plants, in particular crops. Embodiments of the present disclosure particularly include plant treatment products and methods for producing and / or using them (e.g., to improve plant health). Specifically, embodiments of the present disclosure include compositions and methods for reducing plant damage caused by chemical pesticides and / or improving plant yields.

[0006] Some embodiments include methods for reducing plant damage caused by chemical pesticides and / or improving plant yields. An exemplary method includes the step of applying a bacterial fermentation product to (i) seeds and / or (ii) seedlings and / or plants grown from seeds. The bacterial fermentation product includes lysed bacteria or their cellular components and anaerobic or fermentation metabolites, or cellular metabolites produced anaerobically (by bacteria before lysation). In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product may include a liquid fermentation medium or broth.

[0007] In some embodiments, this method may include applying chemical pesticides to seeds, seedlings, and / or plants.

[0008] In some embodiments, this method may include cultivating seeds, seedlings, and / or plants to produce fruit-bearing plants after applying a bacterial fermentation product and chemical pesticides thereto.

[0009] In some embodiments, this method may include harvesting fruit from a fruit-producing plant.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the (applied) bacterial fermentation product reduces plant damage caused by chemical pesticides and / or improves fruit yield from fruit-producing plants.

[0011] In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product is applied to seeds before planting, at planting, or after planting. In at least one embodiment, the seeds may be treated (or at least partially coated) with the bacterial fermentation product before planting. In at least one embodiment, the seeds may be treated (or partially coated) with the bacterial fermentation product and packaged for shipment and / or storage. In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product may be applied to the seeds (i) at planting (or immediately after, during, or concurrently with) and / or after planting. In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product may be applied to the seeds during or after planting, resulting in the bacterial fermentation product being applied (further or alternatively) to the soil.

[0012] In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product and the chemical pesticide are co-applied to seeds, seedlings, and / or plants. In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product is preferably applied to seeds at planting time, and the chemical pesticide is applied to seedlings and / or plants grown from seeds, preferably by foliar application. In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product is applied to seedlings and / or plants, preferably by foliar application, more preferably by co-applied foliar application together with the chemical pesticide (furthermore, furthermore, or alternatively).

[0013] In some embodiments, the seeds, seedlings, and / or plants are monocotyledonous plants, preferably rice, or dicotyledonous plants, preferably soybeans. In other embodiments, the seeds, seedlings, and / or plants are wheat, corn, barley, rye, rye wheat, oats, and / or sorghum.

[0014] In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product and the chemical pesticide are applied in liquid form. In at least one embodiment, the bacterial fermentation product and the chemical pesticide are co-formulated into a liquid product. In certain embodiments, one or both of the bacterial fermentation product and the chemical pesticide are applied in dry or solid form, preferably formulated and / or applied by dusting. For example, in some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product is bound to a solid carrier to form a combined product. The combined product has a low water content and has, exemplary, humidity levels of 25% by weight, 20% by weight, 15% by weight, 10% by weight, 5% by weight, and 2% by weight. In at least one embodiment, the bacterial fermentation product is adsorbed onto the surface of the solid carrier and / or absorbed below the surface of the solid carrier. In some embodiments, the solid carrier is (i) preferably 1:1 clay mineral phyllosilicate, 2:1 clay mineral phyllosilicate, alietteite, attapulgite, bentonite, chlorite, dickite, halloysite, hectorite, illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, nacrite, nontronite (n (ii) graphite; and / or (iii) preferably, plants or plant materials or extracts thereof, selected from soybean plants or plant materials or extracts thereof, seaweed plants or plant materials or extracts thereof, and pea plants or plant materials or extracts thereof.

[0015] In some embodiments, the lysed bacteria or their cellular components are or include lysed lactic acid bacteria or their cellular components. In at least one embodiment, the bacteria in the bacterial fermentation culture are or include lactic acid bacteria (LAB).

[0016] In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product includes the total culture lysate of the bacterial fermentation culture. In some embodiments, about 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2%, or less than 1% by weight of the biomass in the microbial fermentation product consists of live or viable microorganisms. In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product is substantially free of live microorganisms.

[0017] In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product further comprises aerobically produced metabolites or aerobically produced cellular metabolites.

[0018] In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product further comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, hydrolyzed proteins, organic acids, carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, plant extracts, preferably seaweed extracts, where the seaweed preferably includes Ascophyllum nodosum, lignosulfonate, humic acid, fulvic acid, macronutrients, secondary nutrients, micronutrients, chelated minerals, complex minerals, vitamins, wetting agents, dispersants, and surfactants.

[0019] In some embodiments, the bacterial fermentation product and / or chemical pesticide is substantially free of urea, ammonium nitrate, or nitrogen-based fertilizers.

[0020] In some embodiments, the chemical pesticide is selected from the group consisting of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, antimicrobials, and nematicides. In some embodiments, the chemical pesticide is acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor (ACC), clodinafop, or clodinafop-propargyl; protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitor, diphenyl ether, acifluorfen, or sodium acifluorfen; acetolactate synthase inhibitor (ALS), preferably a sulfonylurea, more preferably halosulfuron; an inhibitor of lipid biosynthesis, preferably thiourea, more preferably thiobencarb (benthiocarb); a photosynthesis inhibitor, preferably propanil; an inhibitor of carotenoid biosynthesis, preferably isoxazolidinone, more preferably clomazone; cyclohexanedione, preferably profoxydim; aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid, preferably cyhalofop, glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), or sulfosate; and formulations of the foregoing.

[0021] In some embodiments, the chemical pesticide comprises: a first herbicide component comprising an acetolactate synthase inhibitor (ALS), preferably a sulfonylurea, more preferably halosulfuron, or halosulfuron-methyl; and a second herbicide component comprising a protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitor, preferably diphenyl ether, more preferably acifluorfen, even more preferably sodium acifluorfen.

[0022] In some embodiments, the chemical pesticide comprises a first herbicide component comprising halosulfuron; and a second herbicide component comprising a photosynthesis inhibitor, preferably propanil.

[0023] Some embodiments comprise a plant treatment product comprising (i) one or more plant treatment (or crop protection) components, and (optionally mixed) (ii) one or more microbial fermentation products or components. In some embodiments, one or more additional products or components may be included. Some embodiments relate to methods of making the product. Some embodiments relate to methods of using the product. For example, embodiments can include methods of treating plants or crops. An exemplary (crop treatment) method can comprise the step of co-spraying (or co-administering) the product or a component thereof to a plant or crop.

[0024] Various exemplary plant treatment components can comprise at least one pesticide (e.g., one or more (synthetic) chemicals, molecules, or compounds, or a mixture of two or more (synthetic) chemicals, molecules, or compounds). The pesticide may be or comprise one or more of: (1) insecticides (e.g., against Lepidopterans, hemipterans, Dipterans, Coleopteras, etc.), (2) non-insecticidal pesticides (e.g., against rodents, amphibians, etc.), (3) antibacterial agents (e.g., fungicides, antifungal agents, antibiotics, antiparasitic agents, antiviral agents, etc.), (4) herbicides (selective or non-selective), and (5) nematicides.

[0025] The plant treatment product, or a plant treatment component thereof, can additionally or alternatively comprise at least one plant growth regulator (PGR) (e.g., one or more hormones, such as auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and / or brassinosterol, or a mixture of two or more hormones).

[0026] In some embodiments, the plant treatment product or its plant treatment components may include fertilizers. In preferred embodiments, the plant treatment product or plant treatment components may be (substantially or completely) free of one or more fertilizers (e.g., urea and / or nitrogen-containing fertilizers).

[0027] The plant treatment product or plant treatment component may be in substantially dry or liquid form.

[0028] Exemplary microbial fermentation products may include (1) cellular material from one or more microorganisms, and (2) one or more anaerobic metabolites of one or more microorganisms. Exemplary, the cellular material may include cellular (e.g., molecular and / or structural) components of one or more non-living (e.g., lysed) microorganisms, preferably prokaryotic bacteria. In some embodiments, the metabolites are metabolites of (or produced by) microorganisms. In some embodiments, the microorganisms may be, and may include, species or strains of bacteria, preferably lactic acid bacteria (LABs). In some embodiments, the microorganisms may include one or more (additional) microbial (e.g., bacterial) species and / or strains (e.g., other than the (first) lactic acid bacteria species or strain). Alternatively or further, the cellular material may include cellular components or extracts of one or more fungi (e.g., yeasts) and / or algal species or strains. In some embodiments, the fermentation product may include one or more components of a (fermentation) medium. In some embodiments, the fermentation product may be, and may include, a microbial (liquid) fermentation culture.

[0029] Certain embodiments may be substantially and / or completely free of one or more types of probiotics and / or live microorganisms. For example, in some embodiments, the microbial fermentation product may include a total culture lysate of the microbial fermentation culture. The culture (or its microorganisms) may be lysed to substantially or completely eliminate the probiotics and / or live microorganisms. The culture and / or its lysate may include a liquid medium, lysed microbial components, and anaerobic metabolites of the lysed microorganisms. The culture and / or its lysate may include one or more additives or medium components.

[0030] The plant treatment product or the microbial fermentation product thereof may contain one or more additives (or additional components) selected from (1) amino acids, (2) peptides, (3) hydrolyzed proteins, (4) organic acids and / or carboxylic acids, (5) carbohydrates, (6) plant extracts and / or seaweed extracts, (7) lignosulfonic acids, (8) humic acids and / or fulvic acids, (9) macronutrients, (10) chelated minerals and / or complex minerals, (11) vitamins, (12) humectants, (13) dispersants, and (14) surfactants. Some embodiments may contain mixtures of two or more of the above. Some embodiments may contain mixtures of amino acids, minerals, and organic acids. Some embodiments may contain mixtures of amino acids, minerals, organic acids, lignosulfonic acids, seaweed extracts, and humectants / nonionic surfactants. Certain embodiments may contain vitamins. Certain embodiments may contain an inorganic nitrogen source (e.g., ammonium nitrate or urea). Some embodiments may be free of ammonium nitrate and / or urea. Some embodiments may contain added manganese. Some embodiments may include added copper.

[0031] In some embodiments, one or more additives may be included in the (active or viable) culture (e.g., before dissolution) or added to the dissolution (after dissolution). In other embodiments, one or more additives may be added to the plant treatment product (e.g., a mixture of microbial fermentation products and plant treatment components).

[0032] In some embodiments, the microbial fermentation product may be in liquid or suspension form. In some embodiments, the microbial fermentation product may be in dry, substantially dry, or partially dry form. For example, in at least one embodiment, the microbial fermentation product may be applied to, bound to, or mixed with a carrier or excipient. Exemplarily, the carrier may include naturally occurring soil components, such as phyllosilicates or clay minerals. In some embodiments, the carrier may include plant components, such as (dried) plant matter or extracts.

[0033] At least one embodiment includes a method for producing a plant-treated product, the method comprising providing a plant-treated component and mixing the plant-treated component with a microbial fermentation product. An exemplary method for producing a plant-treated product includes mixing a substantially liquid microbial fermentation product with a plant-treated component in a ratio preferably between about 1:1 and about 1:100, or in the reverse ratio, to form a plant-treated product. One or more alternative or additional embodiments for producing a plant-treated product include mixing a substantially dried fermentation product (e.g., a fermentation product bound to a carrier) with a plant-treated component in a ratio preferably between about 1:1 and about 1:100, or in the reverse ratio, to form a plant-treated product.

[0034] Some embodiments include a method for producing a plant treatment product. This method may include mixing a plant treatment component with a microbial fermentation product to form a plant treatment product (or combined product). In some embodiments, the liquid plant treatment component is mixed with the liquid microbial fermentation product in a tank or mixer before the product is distributed. In one or more additional or alternative embodiments, the liquid plant treatment component and the liquid microbial fermentation product are co-formulated. Additional components may be mixed with the plant treatment component, the microbial fermentation product, or a mixture thereof.

[0035] In some embodiments, the plant treatment product may include a kit or system comprising a plant treatment component and a microbial fermentation product. The kit or system may include instructions for mixing the plant treatment component and the microbial fermentation product for application to one or more plant or crop types. The kit or system may include instructions for co-applying the plant treatment component and the microbial fermentation product to one or more plant or crop types.

[0036] Additional embodiments include methods for treating and / or improving the health of one or more plants or crops, methods for reducing the phytotoxicity of concentrated pesticides, particularly chemical pesticides, and / or methods for reducing the amount of pesticides, particularly chemical pesticides (essential or applied) applied to crops. These methods preferably include applying (i.e., administering) or co-spraying (e.g., compared to a control group) an effective amount of a plant treatment product (or its components) to plants in order to improve one or more health indicators of the plants or plant group. One or more health indicators may be selected from the group consisting of wilting, color, yield, size and / or weight, lifespan and / or mortality rate, overall health and appearance, disease and / or disease effects (e.g., rot).

[0037] Furthermore, this method may include applying (or co-distributing) an effective amount of the plant treatment product (or its components) to seeds (e.g., a group of seeds intended for sowing), which is intended to improve one or more health indicators of the germinating seeds and / or the plants or plant groups after germination (e.g., compared to a control group). One or more health indicators may be selected from a group consisting of stronger germination, wilting, color, yield, size and / or weight, lifespan and / or mortality rate, overall health and appearance, disease and / or disease effects (e.g., rot).

[0038] As described herein, the application (or administration) steps include applying the microbial fermentation product and / or plant treatment component (e.g., the plant treatment component and / or microbial fermentation product separately or as a mixture) to seeds (directly) (before germination), foliar spraying the plant treatment component and / or microbial fermentation product onto or to plants, and / or soil treatment of the plant treatment component and / or microbial fermentation product around plants, e.g., on soil, so that the plants can absorb an effective amount of the plant treatment product from the soil. The plant treatment component and microbial fermentation product can also be administered simultaneously or co-applied (e.g., together or separately as a combined product). Soil treatment using the disclosed plant treatment product can be performed before planting, before germination, after germination, and at any time during the life of the plant.

[0039] Additional features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below, and may be partially evident from the description or recognized by the practice of these exemplary embodiments. These features and advantages may be realized and achieved in combination with the instruments specifically indicated in the appended claims. These and other features may be more fully evident from the description below and the appended claims or recognized by the practice of the exemplary embodiments described herein. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0040] Before describing in detail the various embodiments of this disclosure, it should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to specific parameters and descriptions of particular exemplary systems, methods, and / or products, which may be modified from one embodiment to the next. Furthermore, it should be understood that all terms used herein are intended solely to describe specific embodiments of this disclosure and are not necessarily intended to limit the scope of the disclosure in any particular way. Accordingly, while specific embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail with reference to specific configurations, parameters, features (e.g., components, elements, parts, components, and / or parts), the descriptions are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure and / or the scope of the invention as claimed. Also, the terms used herein are intended to describe embodiments and are not necessarily intended to limit the scope of the disclosure and / or the scope of the invention as claimed.

[0041] This disclosure, including this detailed description, is divided into various sections, but the section headers and content within each section are not intended to be self-contained descriptions and embodiments. Rather, the content of each section within the detailed description is intended to be read and understood as a collective whole, in which elements of one section relate to and / or notify other sections. Accordingly, embodiments specifically disclosed in one section may also relate to and / or function as additional and / or alternative embodiments in other sections having the same and / or similar systems, apparatus, methods, and / or terminology.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0043] Various aspects of this disclosure, including systems, methods, and / or products, may be described with reference to one or more essentially exemplary embodiments or practices. Where used herein, the terms “embodiment” and “practice” mean “example, instance, or illustration” and should not necessarily be construed as preferable or advantageous to other embodiments disclosed herein. Furthermore, any reference to “practice” of this disclosure or the invention includes specific references to one or more embodiments thereof, and vice versa, and is intended to provide exemplary examples without limiting the scope of the invention, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by this description. Terms such as “exemplary,” “illustrated,” etc., may be used interchangeably and / or to refer to one or more embodiments.

[0044] It should be noted that embodiments of the Disclosure may include one or more combinations of two or more features described herein. Where used herein, “feature” and similar terms may include, for example, one or more compositions, components, elements, members, parts, sections, systems, methods, steps, configurations, parameters, properties, or other aspects of the subject matter at hand. Embodiments may include other aspects or embodiments of the Disclosure and may include any of the features, options, and / or possibilities presented in other parts of the Disclosure. Each of the features described herein, described above, and / or other features, represents a separate embodiment of the Disclosure, but each feature may also be combined and / or combined with one or more other features in any suitable combination and / or order, and each of them, whether or not, is contemplated in the Disclosure to form a unique embodiment, with or without one or more additional features included with or performed between them. Any two or more combinations of these features represent another embodiment of the Disclosure. Accordingly, this disclosure is not limited to any particular combination of exemplary embodiments described in the detailed description of the invention, and any disclosure of specific features relating to a particular embodiment of this disclosure should not be construed as limiting the application or inclusion of higher-level features to that particular embodiment.

[0045] Furthermore, unless otherwise stated that a feature is required in a particular embodiment, features described in various embodiments may be optional and may not be included in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated that a feature requires another feature to be combined with it, any feature in this specification may be combined with any other feature in the same or different embodiments disclosed herein. Similarly, any steps enumerated in the methods described and / or claimed herein may be performed in any suitable order and are not necessarily limited to the order described and / or cited unless specifically stated (expressly or implicitly). However, these steps may also be required to be performed in a particular order in certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0046] As used herein, “product” includes compositions, formulations, mixtures, kits, systems, etc. Similarly, “method” includes processes, procedures, steps, etc.

[0047] The terms “comprising / comprise / comprises” and similar terms used herein, including in the claims, are inclusive and / or open and do not exclude, for illustrative purposes, additional elements or steps of the method not described herein. Furthermore, the terms “including,” “having,” “involving,” “containing,” “characterized by,” and variations thereof (e.g., “includes,” “has,” and “involves,” “contain,” etc.) and similar terms used herein, including in the claims, are inclusive and / or open and are synonyms having the same meaning as the term “comprising” and variations thereof (e.g., “comprise,” and “comprises”), and do not exclude, for illustrative purposes, additional elements or steps of the method not described herein.

[0048] Similarly, unless otherwise explicitly indicated in the context, terms such as "form" or "forming" are open-ended, meaning that forming (combining, mixing, or including together) a component, and forming a subcomponent (e.g., a system, application, product, composition, mixture, component, element, part, etc.), does not necessarily constitute the entire component. Thus, a component may include subcomponents without necessarily consisting entirely or essentially of the aforementioned subcomponents, and a system or kit may include components without necessarily consisting entirely or essentially of the aforementioned components.

[0049] As used herein, “consisting of / consist of” and similar terms shall be in closed form to exclude any additional, not cited, elements or steps of the method.

[0050] As used herein, the transitional phrase “consisting essentially of” means that the claims include the specific substances or steps described in the claims and “that do not substantially affect the basic and novel features” of the claimed invention. See re Herz, 537 F.2d 549, 551-52, 190 USPQ461, 463 (CCPA 1976) (emphasis added). Also see MPEP § 2111.03. Therefore, as used in the claims of this disclosure, the term “consisting essentially of” is not intended to be construed as equivalent to “including.”

[0051] Where used herein, the terms “about,” “approximately,” and similar terms relating to values ​​mean ±10% of the value or quantity described herein. For example, throughout this disclosure, the term “about” is used in relation to the percentage concentration of a component or ingredient (e.g., a composition, formulation, or mixture, fluid, or liquid mixture, aqueous mixture, solution, etc., which is optionally or preferably measured as aw / w%, w / v%, v / v%, etc.) or composition. In these cases, the terms “about” and / or “±10%” mean and / or include ±10% of the stated numerical value, not ±10 percent points of the stated percentage. For example, while 20% w / w of a component or ingredient reflects 20 g of that component or ingredient per 100 mL of the total mixture, the terms “approximately” and / or “±10%” include the stated range between 18 g and 22 g (i.e., between 18% w / w and 22% w / w), rather than the range between 10% w / w and 30% w / w. Substitutes for the so-called “approximately” value and / or ±10% include ±1%, ±2%, ±3%, ±4%, ±5%, ±6%, ±7%, ±8%, or ±9% of the stated value, each of which is considered a suitable substitute or substitute for the term “approximately” or ±10% as used herein.

[0052] For the sake of brevity, this disclosure may enumerate lists or ranges of numerical values. Where two or more values, or ranges of values ​​(e.g., less than a specific value, greater than a specific value, greater than or equal to a specific value, and / or less than or equal to a specific value, and / or between two enumerated values) are disclosed or enumerated, it is understood that any specific value or range of values ​​that falls within the disclosed value or range of values ​​is also disclosed and construed herein. Accordingly, disclosure of exemplary measurements (e.g., volume, concentration, etc.) less than 10 units, equal to about 10 units, or between 0 and 10 units includes, exemplary, the following specific disclosures: (i) any other values ​​between 0 and 10 units, including 9 units, 5 units, 1 unit, or 0 units, and / or 10 units; and / or (ii) any other ranges of values ​​between 9 units and 1 unit, between 8 units and 2 units, between 6 units and 4 units, and / or between 0 units and 10 units.

[0053] As used herein, the terms “substantially devoid,” “substantially free,” and similar terms mean (1) an amount that is undetectable or unquantifiable, (2) less than or below an amount that can be generally considered by those skilled in the art to reflect a detectable or quantifiable amount, and / or (3) less than or below an amount that can be generally considered by those skilled in the art to achieve functional (favorable or expected) results.

[0054] As used throughout this application, the terms “can” and “may” are used in an allowable sense (i.e., possible sense) rather than in a required sense (i.e., mandatory sense).

[0055] As used herein, the term "or" means any one configuration of a given list, including any combination of configurations of that list.

[0056] As used herein and in the appended claims, unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” also intend to refer to multiple referents. Thus, for example, a reference to “microbe” includes one, two, or more microbes. Similarly, references to multiple referents should be interpreted as including a single referent and / or multiple referents, unless the content and / or context explicitly indicates otherwise. Therefore, a reference to “microbe” does not necessarily require multiple of these microbes. Instead, regardless of conjugation, it is understood herein to intend one or more microbes.

[0057] As used herein, the term “natural” refers to organic products, plant-derived products, minimally processed products that are generally known to be non-toxic, at least for topical application.

[0058] As used herein, terms such as “mixture” and “liquid mixture” may include any suitable composition and / or specific combinations thereof. For example, a fluid or liquid mixture may include a solution, suspension, colloid, emulsion, or other mixture of liquid and non-liquid components.

[0059] "Quantum satis" (also called "qs" or "qs") means a sufficient amount. Therefore, a component or ingredient "qs 100% (qs 100%)", "supplied at qs 100%", or "100% qs" indicates that the component or ingredient is supplied or included in sufficient quantity to have a total amount (all components, whether cited or not) up to 100% of the composition. However, it should be noted that a (final) component or ingredient "qs 100%", "supplied at qs 100%", or "100% qs" does not indicate that the component consists of, is required to consist of, or consists only of the components listed or stated immediately before the "qs 100%" component. In other words, "qs 100%", and similar terms mean an open expression indicating the source of the remainder, regardless of what the remainder may be.

[0060] For ease of understanding, where possible, similar references (i.e., naming conventions for components and / or elements) are used to designate similar components and / or elements common to the written description and / or drawings. Certain languages ​​are also used herein to describe exemplary embodiments. Nevertheless, it should be understood that these are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Rather, the languages ​​used to describe exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure (unless these languages ​​are explicitly stated as essential herein).

[0061] The percentage concentrations or compositions provided herein represent values ​​measured as w / w percent, w / v percent, or v / v percent.

[0062] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, a hectare (abbreviated as "ha") is a metric unit of area primarily used for measuring land, and 100 acres (10,000 m²) 2 ) or 1 square hectometer (hm 2 It is the same as ). One acre is approximately 0.405 hectares, and one hectare contains approximately 2.47 acres.

[0063] As used herein, the term “fruit” means the intended edible harvest portion of a plant or crop (e.g., soybeans, rice grains, wheat grains, etc.) and refers to structures including the seeds of flowering plants (angiosperms) that are formed from the ovary after flowering, not limited to the general definition of fruit.

[0064] As used herein, terms such as “treat / treating” indicate any effort to improve a plant or crop or part thereof, including, but not limited to, improving, supporting, enhancing, strengthening, and / or increasing plant growth (e.g., plant biomass, leaf size, root strength, etc.), yield (e.g., number of fruits, fruit size, etc.), vitality or health (e.g., color, strength, integrity), or reducing, attenuating, or decreasing plant damage (e.g., leaves, stems, roots, etc.), wilting, etc.

[0065] Various aspects or embodiments of this disclosure can be described by describing components that are bound, coupled, joined, connected, and / or joined together. As used herein, the terms “bound,” “coupled,” “attached,” and / or “joined” are used to indicate a direct relationship between two components, or an indirect relationship between them, optionally through an intervening or intermediate component. In contrast, when components are referred to as “directly bound,” “directly coupled,” “directly attached,” “directly connected,” and / or “directly joined” to different components, there is no intervening element, or no intervening element is intended. Furthermore, binding, coupling, attaching, connecting, and / or joining may include mechanical, physical, and / or chemical combinations.

[0066] Furthermore, various aspects or embodiments of this disclosure can be described by describing the components that are mixed together. As used herein, the terms “mixed,” “mixed,” and similar terms refer to the physical bonding or combination of two or more components. In some embodiments, the physical bonding or combination results in (chemical and / or physical) reactions. These chemical reactions may be evidenced by changes in the chemical composition, pH, or other indicators of the components before mixing (or expected after mixing without reaction). Thus, the components that are mixed and / or mixed may, in certain embodiments, include the components that react and / or reacted. Accordingly, references to the components that are mixed or mixed include the components that react or reacted.

[0067] The term "co-application" and similar terms refer to the simultaneous, sequential, and / or combined application of two or more components. For example, two components can be co-applied by applying each component simultaneously, at once, or sequentially (e.g., separate applications separated by a period of time). The period of time can be very short (e.g., substantially immediately after the first application) or longer (e.g., 1-60 seconds, 1-60 minutes, 1-24 hours, 1-7 days, 1-4 weeks, 1-12 months, or any value or range of values ​​in between). Parallel or simultaneous applications may include overlapping application periods for two or more components or the application of a combined product containing a mixture of two or more components.

[0068] The terms "multiple," "two or more," and "at least two" are used interchangeably.

[0069] Certain languages ​​are used herein to describe exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that these languages ​​are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Rather, it should be understood that the languages ​​used to describe exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure (unless these languages ​​are explicitly stated as essential herein).

[0070] The detailed description is divided into sections, but the headings and content within each section are for organizational purposes only and are not intended to limit the description and embodiments themselves, or the scope of the description or claims. Rather, the content of each section within the detailed description is intended to be read and understood as a collective whole, in which elements of one section relate to and / or provide information to other sections. Accordingly, embodiments specifically disclosed within one section may also relate to and / or function as additional and / or alternative embodiments in other sections having the same and / or similar products, methods, and / or terminology.

[0071] The following description of exemplary embodiments includes disclosures relating to one or more aspects or embodiments of the present disclosure. Therefore, some embodiments of the present disclosure may include combinations of elements or features disclosed in the following embodiments. However, it should be noted that various aspects or embodiments of the present disclosure do not necessarily, may not, or may not include all of the elements or features disclosed in a particular embodiment. In fact, a particular aspect or embodiment may contain fewer than all of the exemplary elements or features disclosed in relation to the following exemplary embodiments without departing the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, some aspects or embodiments may include one or more elements or features disclosed in separate aspects or embodiments. That is, elements or features disclosed in one or more of the following embodiments may be included in and / or incorporated into any one or more embodiments disclosed herein.

[0072] Some embodiments of this disclosure include plant treatment (e.g., crop protection) products (e.g., compositions, systems, kits, etc.) and methods for producing and using them (e.g., processes, steps, etc.). In particular, embodiments of this disclosure relate to plant treatment products comprising plant treatment components mixed with microbial fermentation products, and methods for producing and / or using them (e.g., to improve crop health). In some embodiments, the plant treatment components may be or include pesticides or PGRs. In some embodiments, the microbial fermentation products may be in liquid (e.g., suspension) or substantially dry (e.g., bound to a carrier) form. In some embodiments, the plant treatment products may include one or more additional components.

[0073] Some embodiments include methods for producing plant treatment products. This method may include mixing plant treatment components with microbial fermentation products. Additional embodiments include methods for improving plant health. This method may include administering or applying an effective amount of plant treatment product to plants in order to improve one or more health indicators of the plants or groups of plants (e.g., compared to a control group). Each of the above and other embodiments, including specific components, features, and / or properties thereof, will now be described in more detail.

[0074] [Example fermentation product] As used herein, “fermentation product” (e.g., microbial fermentation product, bacterial fermentation product, yeast fermentation product, fungal fermentation product, etc.), or similar terms, as understood by those skilled in the art, refer to the result of anaerobic metabolism or cellular respiration (e.g., by one or more microorganisms) for at least a period of time. The term “fermentation” is not merely the growth of a microbial culture, the growth of a suspension culture, volume, or other growth (e.g., of these microorganisms on or within a growth medium). In some embodiments, fermentation products may also result from aerobic metabolism (for one or more periods). Fermentation products may include concentrated and / or extracted fermentation products, presscake, fermentation solubles, fermentation extracts, dried fermentation solubles, liquid fermentation products, dried fermentation biomass, or preparations thereof.

[0075] As used herein, “liquid fermentation product” or similar terms refer to a fermentation product in liquid form. For example, a liquid fermentation product is a component of, or may contain, a liquid fermentation culture (e.g., a whole or complete microbial culture suspension culture), which includes a liquid medium or its components (at least partially used or post-fermentation), one or more microorganisms and / or their cellular material (e.g., structural material), and one or more metabolites (produced by the microorganism) (fermentation, anaerobic, aerobic, and / or other), and other components well known in the art.

[0076] The microbial fermentation product may be processed (e.g., purified, filtered, isolated, separated, etc.) or crude (e.g., unprocessed). In some embodiments, the fermentation product may include substantially unpurified products of microbial anaerobic (and optionally aerobic) metabolism, which may include one or more (fermentation) metabolites, (liquid) fermentation medium (e.g., residue after the fermentation process), and / or microbial cells and / or structural components (e.g., whole cell lysates).

[0077] In at least one embodiment, the fermentation product comprises one or more microorganisms and / or cellular material, e.g., cellular structural components, organelles, genetic material, polymers, or other components thereof. As used herein, terms such as “microorganism / microbial organism / microbe” refer to species or strains of bacteria, archaea, certain prokaryotes, fungi (yeast, mold, etc.), and algae, regardless of whether they are unicellular or multicellular organisms, prokaryotes or eukaryotes, as understood by those skilled in the art. In some embodiments, the fermentation product comprises (whole-cell) lysed microorganisms. One or more microorganisms may comprise any number of microbial species or strains, and any number of microbial species or strains may comprise, but are not limited to, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or any other number of individual (e.g., individually identifiable) microbial strains or species.

[0078] Exemplary bacteria include species or strains of Acetobacter, such as Aceti, Xylinum, and Suboxydans; Apiaries, Azotofixans, Brevis, Cereus, Circulans, Coagulans, Laterosporus, Lentus, Licheniformis, Macerans, Marinus, Megaterium, Pasteurii, Polymyxa, Pulvifaciens, Pumilus, Schlegelii, and Sphericus. Species or strains of Bacillus, including Bacillus aericus, stearothermophilus, subtilis, thiaminolyticus, thuringiensis, and tusciae; species or strains of Bacteroides, including Bacteroides amylophilus, copillosus, ruminocola, and suis; species or strains of Bifidobacterium, including Bifidobacterium adolescentis, animalis, bifidum, infantis, longum, and thermophilum;Acidophilus, Brevis, Buchneri, Bulgaricus, Casei, Cellobiosus, Curvatus, Delbruekii, Farciminis, Fermentum, Helveticus, Lactis, Plantarum Lactobacillus species or strains, including species such as *Lactobacillus ntarum* and *Lactobacillus reuteri*; Leuconostoc species or strains, including species such as *Lactobacillus citovorum*, *Lactobacillus dextranicum*, and *Lactobacillus mesentroides*; Megasphaera species or strains, including species such as *Lactobacillus elsdenii*; acidila This may include, but is not limited to, species or strains of Pediococcus, including species such as ctici, cerevisiae (damnosus), and pentosaceus; species or strains of Propionibacterium, including species such as freudenreichii and shermanii; species or strains of Rhodopseudomonas, including species such as palustris; and / or species or strains of Streptococcus, including species such as cremoirs, diacetilactis, faecium, intermedius, lactis, salivarius, and thermophilus. Other embodiments include, for example, species or strains of Streptomyces, including species such as natalensis, chattanoogensis, and griseus;Species or strains of Xanthomonas, including species such as campestris; species or strains of Rhizopus, including species such as niveus; species or strains of Micrococcus, including species such as lysodeikticus; species or strains of Bacillus, including species such as cereus; and / or species or strains of Leuconostoc, including species such as citovorum and dextranicum.

[0079] In at least one embodiment, the fermentation product may include a first species and / or strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and / or its cells or structural components (e.g., lysed lactic acid bacteria). In some embodiments, the fermentation product may include one or more additional microbial (e.g., bacteria, fungi, yeasts, molds, algae) species or strains (e.g., one or more of those described herein) and / or their cells or structural components. For example, the fermentation product may include one or more additional (lysed) lactic acid bacteria species or strains other than the first species or strain of lactic acid bacteria. The fermentation product may further or alternatively include one or more additional (lysed) non-lactic acid bacteria species or strains other than the first species or strain of lactic acid bacteria. In some embodiments, the first species or strain of lactic acid bacteria may be Lactobacillus (e.g., Lactobacillus acidophilus). In some embodiments, the fermentation product may substantially contain or lack Lactobacillus (e.g., Lactobacillus acidophilus) or its cells or structural components.

[0080] In some embodiments, one or more microorganisms or additional microorganisms do not include bacteria or bacterial species or strains. In some embodiments, the plant treatment product or its microbial fermentation product may substantially lack bacteria and / or their cellular or structural components. For example, in some embodiments, the fermentation product may be a fungal (e.g., yeast and / or mold) fermentation product substantially lacking bacteria and / or their cellular or structural components. Exemplary fungi may include, but are not limited to, yeasts of the Ascomycota phylum, such as Saccharomycotina and Taphrinomycotina (e.g., Schizosaccharomycetes), and / or yeasts of the Basidiomycota phylum, such as Agaricomycotina (e.g., Tremellomycetes) and / or Pucciniomycotina (e.g., Microbotryomycetes). Exemplary yeasts may include species or strains of Candida (formerly known as Torulopsis), such as Candida utilis, Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida lipolytica, and Candida pseudotropicalis; species or strains of Kluyveromyces, such as Candida lactis; and / or species or strains of Saccharomyces, such as Candida cerevisiae, Candida boulardii, and Candida fragilis.Exemplary fungi may further include species or strains of Aspergillus, including species such as niger and oryzae; species or strains of Penicillium, including species such as roquefortii; species or strains of Mucor, including species such as miehei and pusillus; species or strains of Morteirella, including species such as vinaceae; species or strains of Endothia, including species such as parasitica; and / or species or strains of Rhizomucor, including species such as miehei.

[0081] In some embodiments, the plant treatment product or the microbial fermentation product thereof may substantially lack fungi, yeasts, molds, and / or any one or more of the aforementioned cells or components. For example, in some embodiments, the fermentation product may be a bacterial fermentation product substantially lacking fungi, yeasts, molds, and / or any one or more of the aforementioned cells or components. Some embodiments may substantially lack molds and / or their cells or structural components. In some embodiments, the fermentation product may be a bacterial and / or yeast fermentation product substantially lacking molds and / or their cells or structural components. Some embodiments may substantially lack algae and / or their cells or components. Certain embodiments may include at least one bacterial species or strain, at least one fungal (or yeast, or mold) species or strain, and / or at least one algal species or strain.

[0082] In at least one embodiment, one or more microorganisms in the fermentation product may be spore form, vegetative form, metabolic form, or a combination thereof. However, in some embodiments, one or more microorganisms in the fermentation product may be non-viable, non-growing, non-metabolized, and / or lysed. Thus, the fermentation product may contain one or more non-viable, non-growing, non-metabolized, and / or lysed microorganisms or their cellular material (e.g., cellular structural components). Furthermore, the fermentation product may substantially lack one or more any living (e.g., metabolic, dormant, spore-forming, etc.) microorganisms. For example, fermentation products may contain or consist of less than 50%, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 25%, less than 20%, less than 15%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 1%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.25%, less than 0.1%, less than 0.05%, less than 0.01%, or less of live or viable microorganisms. Thus, probiotic products or directly supplied microorganism (DFM)-containing products may include live cultures, live or viable naturally occurring sources, etc., but some embodiments of the present disclosure may include microbial fermentation products substantially lacking live or viable microorganisms (of one or more types). In particular, microorganisms can be intentionally killed and / or inactivated (e.g., by sonication, vigorous mixing or blending, thermal inactivation, pH inactivation, etc.) as is known in the art.

[0083] As shown above, the fermentation product may also include a liquid (fermentation) medium (e.g., residual after the fermentation process). Thus, the fermentation product may include the result of a liquid suspension (fermentation) culture of microorganisms grown under anaerobic (and possibly aerobic) conditions. The medium may include water or a liquid-based component such as nutrient broth (e.g., Lysogeny Broth (LB), M9, Liquid Thioglycolic Acid Medium (FTM), NZ, NZY, or NZYM broth, SOB, Superbroth, 2X YT, MOPS, SOC, TB, etc.). The medium may also contain one or more nutrients, growth, and / or other components (e.g., residual after the fermentation process) as known in the art, which include the following: For example, carbon sources (carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, lactose, and galactose), (inorganic) nitrogen sources, protein or amino acid sources (e.g., synthetic proteins or amino acids, natural, plant and / or animal-derived proteins or amino acids, etc.), vitamins (e.g., thiamine, riboflavin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, niacin, vitamin B) 12 Vitamins E, pyridoxine, vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin A, choline, etc.), minerals, trace elements (e.g., copper, iron, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, chromium, selenium, etc.), essential elements (e.g., magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur), salts (e.g., potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, etc.), yeast extracts, enzymes, and / or any other suitable (fermentation) culture components. Furthermore, certain fermentation products can specifically exclude one or more of the above-mentioned or other known culture components (e.g., serum, growth factors, hormones, enzymes, antibiotics, beef extract, whole blood, heat-treated blood, etc.).

[0084] The fermentation product may include one or more metabolites. In at least one embodiment, one or more metabolites include fermentation or other metabolites produced by microorganisms (e.g., between anaerobic and optionally aerobic metabolism). Microbial fermentation metabolites may include, but are not limited to, one or more organic acids (e.g., lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, etc.), amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids, enzymes, vitamins, and / or other arbitrary microbial metabolite components, as known in the art. The metabolites may also be nutritionally beneficial to one or more plants or crops or associated microorganisms. In some embodiments, the metabolites may include one or more microbial waste products. In at least one embodiment, the fermentation product may substantially lack antimicrobial agents (e.g., bacteriocins, antibiotics, hydrogen peroxide, etc.), specific enzymes (e.g., proteases, amylases, lipases, glycosidases, DNA and / or RNA polymerases), etc.

[0085] In some embodiments, the metabolites may be at least partially purified (e.g., by removing undesirable substances such as waste products, fermentation medium, microbial cells, and / or structural materials). In one or more embodiments, the metabolites may also be substantially unpurified. Substantially unpurified metabolites may be treated with microorganisms and / or (liquid) fermentation medium (e.g., outside the microorganisms). In some embodiments, the microorganisms may be lysed (e.g., substantially all metabolites are removed in solution (i.e., not contained within the microorganisms)). Thus, in some embodiments, the fermentation product may comprise a mixture (e.g., solution, colloid, suspension, colloidal suspension, emulsion, etc.) of the liquid medium after fermentation, one or more microbial fermentation metabolites (e.g., anaerobic and / or aerobic), and microbial cells and / or structural components (e.g., whole cell lysates). In at least one embodiment, the mixture may be substantially crude, unprocessed, and / or unpurified.

[0086] Exemplary fermentation methods, parameters, etc., include those known to those skilled in the art. The fermentation product may be produced by one or more fermentation steps, including the growth of one or more species or strains or cell lines of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria) on a solid growth medium, as known in the art. The microbial culture may, in some embodiments, grow naturally and / or under ambient conditions. In other embodiments, the culture may grow under artificial and / or optimized conditions. The microbial culture may grow at a biologically appropriate temperature (e.g., about 20 to 50 degrees Celsius (°C), or about 30 to 40 degrees Celsius), acidity (pH) (e.g., about 3.0 to 8.0), etc. Furthermore, the growth medium may contain one or more of the above or other culture medium components, the other culture medium components including, but not limited to, (substantially solid) basic components (e.g., agar culture media or other suitable basic components), nutrients, and / or other components (e.g., carbon and / or (inorganic) nitrogen sources, vitamins, minerals, trace elements, essential elements, amino acids, amino acid sources, salts, yeast extracts, and / or other arbitrary culture components), as known in the art. In at least one embodiment, the microbial culture may grow under aerobic and / or anaerobic conditions.

[0087] In some embodiments, the fermentation step may also include inoculating one or more viable microorganisms or microbial strains (or colonies thereof) into a liquid growth medium (for example, to form a starter suspension culture), as is known in the art. The liquid (suspension) culture may also grow under natural and / or ambient or artificial and / or optimized conditions, as described above. The liquid growth medium may contain one or more of the above or other culture medium components.

[0088] In at least one embodiment, a viable starter culture (or a suitable portion thereof, including the whole, an extract, a cell pellet, etc.) can be transferred to a liquid fermentation medium (for example, to form a liquid fermentation culture). The liquid fermentation medium and / or culture may be placed in a bioreactor, a flask, or other suitable growth vessel. The liquid fermentation medium and / or culture may also contain one or more of the above or other medium components. Similarly, the liquid fermentation culture can also be grown under natural and / or ambient or artificial and / or optimized conditions, as described above. In at least one alternative embodiment, one or more viable microorganisms or microbial lines (or their colonies) may be directly inoculated into the liquid fermentation medium.

[0089] The fermented culture can be grown under anaerobic and / or aerobic conditions, as known in the art and described herein, for a first period and / or under first fermentation conditions. For example, the fermented culture can be grown for about 0.5 to about 5 days at a temperature of about 10 to 50°C and / or a pH of 2 to 10. After the first period, the fermented culture can be grown under anaerobic and / or aerobic conditions, as known in the art and described herein, for a second period and / or under second fermentation conditions. For example, the second period may be between 0.5 and about 5 days. The second fermentation conditions may include a temperature of about 10 to 50°C, a pH between about 2 and about 10, etc. In some embodiments, the second period and / or second fermentation conditions may differ from the first period and / or first fermentation conditions. For example, the fermented culture (or a suitable portion thereof) may be transferred to the second fermentation conditions and / or a second fermentation medium. The second fermentation medium can be placed in a bioreactor, flask, or other suitable growth vessel and / or may contain one or more of the above or other medium components.

[0090] It will be understood that the fermentation process, as known in the art and as described herein, may include additional periods, fermentation conditions, fermentation media, etc. Upon completion of the fermentation process, the fermentation culture may be or may contain microbial fermentation products and / or may be optionally and / or additionally processed to form microbial fermentation products. For example, in certain embodiments, as known in the art, the (anaerobic and / or aerobic metabolic) microorganisms of the fermentation culture may be intentionally killed and / or inactivated (e.g., sonication, vigorous mixing or blending, thermal inactivation, pH inactivation or death, etc.). In at least some embodiments, fermentation metabolites processed within the microbial cells or organisms of the fermentation culture may be released into the medium (e.g., the metabolites are removed in solution or other type of liquid medium). Non-viable, non-growing, non-metabolized, and / or lysed microorganisms, or their cytomaterial (cellular structural components), may be included in the liquid fermentation medium and / or may be removed from it at least partially (e.g., substantially and / or completely) (e.g., by (ultra)centrifugation, filtration, etc.). In certain embodiments, the fermentation product includes the whole cells and / or the whole culture lysate of the fermentation culture (e.g., without substantial removal, purification, isolation, etc., of one or more (e.g., any) components of the fermentation culture). However, in alternative embodiments, one or more components of the fermentation culture may be removed, purified, isolated, etc., at least partially and / or substantially.

[0091] Accordingly, the fermentation product may be substantially in liquid form (suspension, solution, colloid, gel, slurry) and / or may contain one or more components of the microbial fermentation culture (e.g., manufactured as described herein and / or as known in the art). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the fermentation product may include a liquid suspension containing substantially unpurified results of microbial anaerobic and optionally aerobic metabolism, wherein the product obtained as a result of microbial anaerobic and optionally aerobic metabolism includes (i) substantially all (fermentation) metabolites produced by the fermentation culture, (ii) the liquid fermentation medium on which the fermentation culture was grown (e.g., residual after the fermentation process), and (iii) a total cell lysate of the microorganism or culture containing all of the microbial cells and / or structural components of the microorganism grown in the fermentation culture. Alternatively, the fermentation product may be substantially in solid form (e.g., dried, freeze-dried, vacuum-dried, hot-dried, dehydrated, extracted, etc.) containing one or more of the aforementioned components of the fermentation culture.

[0092] [Example carrier] As used herein, “carrier,” “excipient,” and similar terms refer to components suitable for transporting a substance. For example, a carrier component may include a liquid or liquid composition (e.g., a solution, suspension, colloid, mixture, etc.). Exemplary liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, any suitable liquid composition or carrier such as water or other aqueous liquids, oils, and solvents (of a solution), continuous phases (of a colloid), or outer phases (of a suspension). In some embodiments, the (liquid) carrier may be or include a culture medium, such as a suspension culture medium of a fermentation broth containing a fermentation product component. In some embodiments, the carrier may be a liquid crop treatment product or crop protection product, such as a liquid pesticide, plant growth regulator, or fertilizer composition. In at least one embodiment, a fermentation product may be mixed with a carrier to form a dilutable or miscible fermentation product.

[0093] In one or more embodiments, the fermentation product may be combined with a carrier such that the fermentation product and / or one or more of its components are maintained at or in an environment having a suitable pH or pH range. For example, in some embodiments, the carrier and / or the carrier bound to the fermentation product can provide and / or have a pH of about 2 to 10, preferably about 2 to 8, more preferably about 2 to 6, more preferably about 2 to 5, more preferably about 2 to 4, more preferably about 2 to 3, more preferably about 3 to 10, more preferably about 3 to 8, more preferably about 3 to 6, more preferably about 3 to 5, more preferably about 3 to 4, more preferably about 4 to 10, more preferably about 4 to 8, more preferably about 4 to 6, and more preferably about 4 to 5.

[0094] The carrier component may further or alternatively include a solid, dry, and / or substantially dry carrier. In at least one embodiment, the carrier may include an organic and / or earthen carrier comprising one or more organic and / or earth components or substances. The earthen carrier, components, and / or substances may include, for example, phyllosilicates (e.g., potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and / or aluminum (Al)). The phyllosilicate may be one of the types of chlorite, clay, mica, or serpentine. In at least one embodiment, the carrier may include one or more 1:1 or 2:1 clay mineral phyllosilicates.

[0095] Exemplary carriers include ariettite, attapulgite, beidellite, bentonite, biotite, calcium silicate, and calcium stearate. This may include, but is not limited to, stearate, chlorite (e.g., clinochlore, chamosite, nimite, pennantite, and / or zinc, lithium, and / or calcium species thereof), cookite, diatomite and / or other diatomaceous earth products, dickite, glauconite, halloysite, hectorite, hydrophobic silica, illite, kaolin, kaolinite, montmorillonite, muscovite, nacrite, nontronite, palygorskite, phyllite, saponite, souconite, sepiolite, sericite, serpentine, smectite, talc, tonstein, vermiculite, and graphite.

[0096] The specified carrier is a naturally occurring substance or component, or may contain one. The other carrier is an artificial and / or synthetic substance or component, or may contain one.

[0097] The carrier may also contain organic and / or plant or plant-based materials, such as dried plant substances and / or extracts, wheat, flour, protein powder, and seaweed.

[0098] In some embodiments, the carrier may have a water content of less than about 25% by weight, less than about 20% by weight, less than about 15% by weight, less than about 10% by weight, about 5% by weight, less than about 3% by weight, less than about 2% by weight, or less than about 1% by weight. In at least one embodiment, the carrier may have a water content between about 0.25% by weight and about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% by weight; between about 0.5% by weight and about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% by weight; between about 1% by weight and about 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% by weight; and between about 2% by weight and 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% by weight. As used herein, the term “substantially dry carrier” refers to a carrier having one or more of the moisture content described above. These substantially dry carriers can generally be understood as solid, dry material, but with at least some of the associated moisture.

[0099] In some embodiments, the carrier may be powdery, granular, and / or particulate, or have an average particle size of about 20 to 297 microns (e.g., corresponding to 625 to 50 mesh). In one or more preferred embodiments, the carrier may have an average particle size of about 74 microns (or about 200 mesh) ± 20%, 15%, 10%, 8%, or 5%. In certain embodiments, the solid carrier may be sized to a suitable average particle size (e.g., by milling, crushing, grinding, etc.). Thus, in some embodiments, the solid carrier may be mined and milled earth components having a suitable average particle size.

[0100] In at least one embodiment, the fermentation product may be bound to a carrier to form a carrier bound to the fermentation product. For example, the fermentation product may be bound to the carrier physically and / or chemically (e.g., by chemical reaction or means). In some embodiments, the fermentation product may be bound to the carrier by electrostatic or (general or macroscopic) non-electrostatic forces. In certain embodiments, the binding of the fermentation product to the carrier can increase the bioavailability of one or more metabolites (e.g., compared to removal in solution or extraction, purification, and / or isolation from solution or cells). Thus, the fermentation product may be applied to a carrier and bound to the outer surface of the carrier and / or to a portion of the carrier adjacent to or below the surface. For example, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the liquid fermentation product may be (i) adsorbed onto the surface of the carrier and / or (ii) absorbed below the surface of the carrier. The liquid fermentation product can also be bound to the carrier by drying on and / or within the carrier after being applied to the carrier. Thus, in certain embodiments, the liquid fermentation product may be at least partially dry-bound to the carrier. As used herein, “dry bonding” and similar terms refer to a consistent and / or persistent bond between two or more substances by physical and / or chemical forces established during a drying process.

[0101] In at least one embodiment, the fermentation product can substantially or at least partially coat the support. For example, the fermentation product can be applied to the support (e.g., so that the liquid portion of the fermentation product does not dissolve the support, and / or so that the applied portion of the fermentation product substantially or at least partially coats the periphery of the support). In some embodiments, at least a portion of the fermentation product can be chemically bonded to the support. For example, the fermentation product may be reacted with the support (e.g., so that a physical and / or chemical bonding reaction occurs). The reaction may be endothermic or exothermic. Furthermore, the reaction may be promoted and / or accelerated by one or more enzymes or other reactants or parameters (e.g., heat, air (flow), mixing, etc.). The enzymes or other components may be separate components added before or during the application of metabolic reaction products, fermentation culture components, and / or fermentation products to the support.

[0102] In some embodiments, the carrier bound to the fermentation product may be in solid form. For example, the carrier bound to the fermentation product may have a water content of less than about 20% by weight, less than about 15% by weight, less than about 10% by weight, less than about 5% by weight, less than about 3% by weight, less than about 2% by weight, or less than 1% by weight. In at least one embodiment, the carrier bound to the fermentation product may have a water content between about 0.25% by weight and about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% by weight; between about 0.5% by weight and about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% by weight; between about 1% by weight and about 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% by weight; or between about 2% by weight and about 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% by weight. Thus, the carrier bound to the fermentation product may be substantially dry. In other embodiments, the carrier bound to the fermentation product may be in substantially liquid form (such as a suspension, solution, colloid, gel, slurry, etc.).

[0103] [Example plant treatment ingredients] Exemplary plant treatment components include one or more of the following: (1) as pesticides, preferably selected from the group consisting of (i) insecticides (e.g., against Lepidopterans, emipterans, dipterans, coleopteras, etc.), (ii) non-insecticide pesticides (e.g., against rodents, amphibians, etc.), (iii) antimicrobial pesticides (e.g., fungicides, antifungal agents, antibiotics, antiparasitic agents, antiviral agents, etc.), (iv) herbicides (e.g., selective or non-selective), and (v) nematicides; and (2) PGR. In certain embodiments, the plant treatment component may include a fertilizer. In preferred embodiments, the plant treatment product, or the plant treatment component thereof, may (substantially or completely) lack one or more fertilizers (e.g., urea and / or nitrogen-containing fertilizers). The plant treatment product and / or its plant treatment components may be (substantially) dry, solid, or liquid.

[0104] [Example herbicide] In some embodiments, the insecticide is or may include a (chemical) herbicide. Various (chemical) herbicides are commercially available, each of which is intended herein. Examples of (chemical) herbicides include acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACCs), such as cyclohexenone oxime ethers, such as alloxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cyclooxydim, sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, butroxydim, clefoxydim, or tepraloxydim; and phenoxyphenoxypropionates, such as clodinahoppropargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, phenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fentiapropethyl, fluazifop-butyl, and fluazifop-P-butyl. , haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-p-methyl, isoxapyrifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, or quizalofop-tefuryl; or arylaminopropionic acid, for example, flampropmethyl (fla mprop-methyl), or flamprop-isopropyl; acetolactic acid synthase inhibitors (ALS), such as imidazolinone, such as imazapyr, imazaquin, imazamethabenz-methyl (imazame), imazamox, imazapic, or imazethapyr;Pyrimidyl ethers, e.g., pyrithiobac acid, pyrithiobac sodium, bispyribac sodium, KIH-6127, or pyribenzoxym; sulfonamides, e.g., florasulam, flumetsulam, or metosulam; or sulfonylureas, e.g., amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron (flazasulfuron), halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, metosulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, foramsulfuron, or iodosulfuron;Amides, for example, allidochlor (CDAA), benzoylprop-ethyl, bromobutide, chiorthiamid, diphenamide, etobenzanidibenzchloromet, fluthiamide, fosamin, or monalide; auxin herbicides, for example, pyridinecarboxylic acid, e.g. For example, clopyralid or picloram; or 2,4-D or benazolin; auxin transport inhibitors, for example, naptalame or diflufenzopyr; carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, for example, benzofenap, chromazon (dimethazone), diflufenican, fluorochloridone, fluridone (f luridone, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, mesotrione, sulcotrione (chlormesulone), ketospiradox, flurtamon, norflurazon, or amitro l); enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSPS), e.g., glyphosate or sulfophosphate; glutamine synthase inhibitors, e.g., bilanafos (bialaphos) or glufosinate-ammonium; lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, e.g., anilide, e.g., anilofos or mefenacet;Chloroacetanilide, for example, dimethenamid, S-dimethenamide, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, diethatyl-ethyl, dimethachlor, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metholachlor, pretilachlor, propachol lor), prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor, or xylachlor; thiourea, e.g., butyrate, cycloate, di-allate, dimepiperate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, pebulate, prosulfocarb, thiobenzyl thiourea Carb (benchiocarb), trialate, or bemolate; or benfuresate, or perfluidone; mitotic inhibitors, e.g., carbamates, e.g., asulam, carbetamide, chlorpropham, orbencarb, pronamid (propyzamid), propham, or thiocarb azil); dinitroanilines, e.g., benefin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, or trifluralin; pyridines, e.g., dithiopyr, or thiazopyr;Or butamifos, chlorthal-dimethyl (DCPA), or maleic hydrazide. hydrazide; protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors, e.g., diphenyl ether, e.g., asifluorphen, asifluorphen sodium, aclonifen, bifenox, clomitrophen (CNP), ethoxyfen, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, or oxyfluorfen; oxadiazole, e.g., oxadiargyl, or oxadiazon; cyclic imides, e.g., aza Phenidine, butafenacil, carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidone-ethyl, flumichlorolac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flupropacil, fluthiacet-methyl, sulfentrazone, or thidiazimin; or pyrazoles, e.g., ET-751, JV485, or nipiraclofen; photosynthesis inhibitors, e.g., propanil, pyridate, or pyridafol; benzothiadiazinone, e.g., bentazone;Dinitrophenols, e.g., bromofenoxime, dinoseb, dinoseb acetate, dinoterb, or DNOC; dipyridylenes, e.g., cyperquat-chloride, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diquat, or paraquat dichloride; elements, e.g., chlorbromuron, chlorotoluron, di Phenoxuron, dimefuron, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, isouron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, methazole, metobenzuron, metoxuro n) monolinuron, neburon, siduron, or tebuthiuron; phenol, e.g., bromoxynil, or ioxynil; chloridazon; triazine, e.g., ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, desmein, dimethamethryn, hex Hexazinone, prometon, prometrin, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton, terbutryn, terbutylazine, or trietazine; triazinone, for example, metamitron, or metribuzin;Uracil, e.g., bromacil, lenacil, or terbacil; or biscarbamate, e.g., desmedipham, or phenmedipham; synergists, e.g., oxirane, e.g., tridiphane; cell wall synthesis inhibitors, e.g., isoxaben, or diclobenil; various other herbicides, e.g., dichloropropionic acid, e.g., dalapon; dihydrobenzofuran, e.g., ethofumesate; phenylacetic acid, e.g., chlorfenac (fenac); or aziprotryn, barban, benslide (b ensulide), benzthiazuron, benzofluor, buminafos, buthidazole, buturon, cafenstrole, chlorbufam, chlorfenprop-methyl, chloroxuron, cinmethylin, cumyluron, cycluron, cyprazine, cyprazole, benzyluron, dipropetryn, dymron, eglinazin-ethyl, endothall, ethiozin, flucabazone, fluorventra; Fluorbentranil, flupoxam, isocarbamide, isopropalin, carbutilate, mefluidide, monuron, napropamide, nappropanilide, nitralin, oxaciclomefone, phenisopham, piperofos This includes, but is not limited to, ophos, procyazine, profluralin, pyributicarb, secbumeton, sulfate (CDEC), terbucarb, triaziflam, triazofenamid, or trimeturon; and environmentally friendly salts thereof; and preparations thereof.

[0105] In preferred embodiments, the herbicide is (i) an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor (ACC), phenoxyphenoxypropionic ester, clodinafop, or clodinafop-propargyl; (ii) a protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitor, diphenyl ether, acifluorfen, or acifluorfen sodium; (iii) acetolactate synthase (iv) Lipid biosynthase inhibitor (ALS), preferably sulfonylurea, more preferably halosulfuron; (v) Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor, preferably thiourea, even more preferably thiobencarb (benthiocarb); (v) Photosynthesis inhibitor, preferably propanil; (vi) Carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor, preferably isoxazolidinone, even more preferably clomazone; (vii) Cyclo (viii) hexanedione, preferably profoxydim; (viii) aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid, preferably cyhalofop; (ix) enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitor (EPSPS), preferably glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) or sulfosate; and (x) formulations thereof or that may contain thereof.

[0106] [Similar insecticides] In some embodiments, the pesticide is or may include a (chemical) insecticide. Various (chemical) insecticides are commercially available and known to those skilled in the art, each of which is intended herein. Exemplary (chemical) insecticides include sodium channel modulators and voltage-gated sodium channel blockers. In at least one embodiment, the sodium channel modulator and / or voltage-gated sodium channel blocker is selected from the group consisting of pyrethroids, DDT, methoxychlor, indoxacarb, metaflumizone, and formulations thereof.In one embodiment, sodium channel modulators and / or voltage-gated sodium channel blockers include acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans-alethrin, d-trans-alethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, and beta-cyfluthrin. Fluthrin, Cyhalothrin, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Gamma-cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin, Alpha-cypermethrin, Beta-cypermethrin, Theta-cypermethrin, Zeta-cypermethrin, Cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], Deltamethrin, Empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R) isomer], Esfenvalerate, Etofenprox fenprox), fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, Halfenprox, lmiprothrin, Kadethrin, permethrin, phenothrin ((1R)-trans isomer), prarethrin ( The following are selected from the group consisting of Prallethrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin ((1R) isomer), tralomethrin, transfluthrin, DDT, methoxychlor, indoxacarb, metaflumizone, and formulations thereof.

[0107] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more insecticides are selected from the group consisting of acrinatrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, tefluthrin, indoxacarb, and metaflumizone. In some embodiments, one or more insecticides are selected from the group consisting of beta-cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, tefluthrin, and preparations thereof. In some embodiments, one or more insecticides are selected from the group consisting of the following: (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, for example, carbamates (e.g., alanicarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb) thiocarb), methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pyrimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC, and xylcarb (I26); or organophosphates (e.g., acephate (I27), azamethiphos (I28), azinphos-ethyl (I29), azinphos-methyl (I30), cadusafos (I31), chlorethoxyfos (I32),Chlorfenvinphos (I33), Chlormephos (I34), Chlorpyrifos (I35), Chlorpyrifos-methyl (I36), Coumaphos (I37), Cyanophos (I38), Demeton-S-methyl (I39), Diazinon (I40), Dichlorvos / DDVP (I41), Dicrotophos (I42), Dimethoate (I43), Dimethylvinphos (I44) ), Disulfoton (I45), EPN (I46), Ethion (I47), Ethoprophos (I48), Fanphur (I49), Fenamiphos (I50), Fenitrothion (I51), Fenthion (I52), Fosthiazate (I53), Heptenophos (I54), Imicyafos (I55), Isophenphos (I56), Isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate (Isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate) (I57), Isoxathion (I58), Malathion (I59), Mecarbam (I60), Methamidophos (I61), Methidathion (I62), Mevinphos (I63), Monocrotophos (I64), Naled (I65), Omethoate (I66), Oxydemeton-methyl (I67), Parathion (I68), Parathion-methyl (I69), Fenthoate (I70), Phorate (I71),Phosalone (I72), Phosmet (I73), Phosphamidon (I74), Phoxim (I75), Pirimiphos-methyl (I76), Profenofos (I77), Propetamphos (I78), Prothiofos (I79), Pyraclofos (I80), Pyridaphenthion (I81), Quinalphos (I82), sulfotep (I83), tebupirimfos (I84), temephos (I85), terbufos (I86), tetrachlorvinphos (I87), thiometon (I88), triazophos (I89), trichlorfon (I90), and vamidothion (I91); (2) GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, e.g., cyclodiene organochlorine (3) organochlorines) (e.g., chlordane (I92) and endosulfan (I93)); or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles) (e.g., ethiprole (I94) and fipronil (I95)); (4) sodium channel modulators / voltage-gated sodium channel blockers Agents, for example, pyrethroids (e.g., acrinatrin (I96), arethrin (I97), d-cis-transarethrin (I98), d-transarethrin (I99), bifenthrin (I100), bioarethrin (I101), bioarethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer (I102), bioresmethrin (I103), cycloprothrin (I104), cyfluthrin (I105), beta-cyfluthrin (I106), cyhalothrin (I107),Lambda-cyhalothrin (I108), gamma-cyhalothrin (I109), cypermethrin (I110), alpha-cypermethrin (I111), beta-cypermethrin (I112), theta-cypermethrin (I113), zeta-cypermethrin (I114), cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer] (I115), deltamethrin (I116), empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R) isomer] (I117), esfenvalerate (I118), etofenprox (I119), fenpropa Thrin (I120), fenvalerate (I121), flucitrinate (I122), flumethrin (I123), taufluvalinate (I124), halfenprox (I125), imiprothrin (I126), cadethrin (I127), permethrin (I128), phenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer) (I129), prarethrin (I130), pyrethrin (pyretram) (I131), resmethrin (I132), silafluofen (I133), tefluthrin (I134), te (I135), tetramethrine [(1R) isomer] (I136), tralomethrine (I137), and transfluthrin (I138); or DDT (I139); or methoxychlor (I140); (4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, e.g., neonicotinoids (e.g., acetamiprid (I141), clothianidin (I142), di (1) Dinotefuran (I143), Imidacloprid (I144), Nitenpyram (I145), Thiacloprid (I146), and Thiamethoxam (I147)); or Nicotine (I148); or Sulfoxaflor (I149); (5) Allosteric activators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), e.g., spinosyns (e.g.,(6) Chloride channel activators, e.g., avermectins / milbemycins (e.g., abamectin (I152), emamectin benzoate (I153), lepimectin (I154), and milbemectin (I155)); (7) Juvenile hormone mimes (9) Mimics, for example, juvenile hormone analogues (e.g., hydroprene (I156), kinoprene (I157), and methoprene (I158)); or phenoxycarb (I159); or pyriproxyfen (I160); (8) Various non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, for example, alkyl halides (e.g., methyl bromide (I161) and other alkyl halides); or chloropicrin (I162); or sulfuryl fluoride (I163); or borax (I164); or tartar emetic (I165); (9) Selective feeding blockers (10) Homopteran feed blockers) (e.g., Pymetrozine (I166)); or Flonicamid (I167); (11) Mite growth inhibitors (e.g., Clofentezine (I168), Hexythiazox (I169), and Diflovidazin (I170)); or Etoxazole (I171); (12) Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (e.g.,Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (I172), Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai (I173), Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (I174), Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis (I175), and Bt crop proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 Ab1 / 35Ab1 (I176)); or Bacillus spallicus (I177); (12) Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors (e.g., diafenthiuron) (I178); or organotin acaricides (organotin (1) Miticides (e.g., azocyclotin (I179), cyhexatin (I180), and fenbutatin oxide (I181); or propargite (I182); or tetradifon (I183); (13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient (e.g., chlorfenapyr (I184), DNOC (I185), and sulfuramide (I186)); (14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers (e.g., bensultap (I187), cartap hydrochloride (I187) (15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 0, e.g., bistrifluron (I191), chlorfluazuron (I192), diflubenzuron (I193),Flucycloxuron (I194), flufenoxuron (I195), hexaflumuron (I196), lufenuron (I197), novaluron (I198), noviflumuron (I199), teflubenzuron (I200), and triflumuron (I201); (16) Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors of type 1, e.g., buprofezin (I202); (17) Moulting disruptors, (For example, Cyromazine (I203); (18) Ecdysone receptor agonist (19) Octopamine receptor agonists, e.g., chromafenozide (I204), halofenozide (I205), methoxyfenozide (I206), and tebufenozide (I207); (20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, e.g., hydramethylnon (I209); or acequinocyl (I210); or fluacrypyrim (I211); (21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors (1) Signaling inhibitors, e.g., METI acaricides (e.g., Fenazaquin (I212), Fenpyroximate (I213), Pyrimidifen (I214), Pyridaben (I215), Tebufenpyrad (I216), and Tolfenpyrad (I217)); or Rotenone (Derris) (I218); (22) Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers (e.g., indoxacarb (I219)); or metaflumizone (I220); (23) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (of acetyl CoA carboxylase), for example, tetronic acid and tetramic acid derivatives (e.g., spirodiclofen (I221), spiromesifen (I222), and spirotetramat (I223)); (24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, for example, phosphines (e.g., aluminum phosphide (I224),(1) Calcium phosphide (I225), phosphine (I226), and zinc phosphide (I227); or cyanide (I228); (25) Mitochondrial complex 11 electron transport inhibitors, e.g., beta-ketonitrile derivatives (e.g., cyenopyrafen (I229) and cyflumetofen (I230)); and (28) Ryanodine receptor modulators. modulators), for example, diamides (e.g., chlorantraniliprole (I231), cyantraniliprole (I232), and flubendiamide (I233)), and / or amidoflumet (I234), azadirachtin (I235), benclothiaz (I236), benzoximate (I237), bifenazate (I238), bromopropylate (I239), thinomethionat (I240), cryolite (I241) ), Dicofol (I242), Diflovidazin (I243), Fluensulfone (I244), Flufenerim (I245), Flufiprole (I246), Fluopyram (I247), Fufenozide (I248), Imidaclotis (I249), Iprodione (I250), Meperfluthrin (I251), Pyridalyl (I252), Pyrifluquinazon (I253), Tetramethylfluthrin (I254),Substances selected from the group consisting of and iodomethane (I255); further, products based on Bacillus firmus (including, but not limited to, CNCM I-I582 strains such as VOTiVO™ and BioNem), or one or more of the following well-known active compounds: 3-bromo-N-{2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(1-cyclopropylethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (3-bromo-N-{2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(1-cyclopropylethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl) l)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide)(I257), 4-{[(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one(I258), 4-{[(6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one(I25 9) 4-{[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazole-5-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)}furan-2(5H)-one (I260), 4-{[(6-chlorpyridine-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (I261), Flupyradifurone (I262), 4-{[(6-chlor-5-fluoropyridine-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (I263), 4-{[(5,6- Dichloropyridine-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (I264), 4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyridine-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (I265), 4-{[(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (I266), 4-{[(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (I267),{[1-(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxide-A4-sulfanylidene}cyanamide (I268), and their diastereomers {[(1R)-1-(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)ethyllymethyl)oxide-A4-sulfanylidene}cyanamide (A) (I269), and {[(1S)-1-(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)ethyllymethyl)oxide-A4-sulfanylidene}cyanamide (B) (I270), and diastereomer [(R)-methyl (1R)-1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-yl]ethyl}-A4-sulfanylidene]cyanamide (A1) (I271), and [(S)-methyl(oxide){(1S)-1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-yl]ethyl}-A4-sulfanylidene]cyanamide (A2) (I272) (shown as diastereomer group A), [(R)-methyl(oxide){(1S)-1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-yl]ethyl}-A4 -Sulfanylidene]cyanamide (B1) (I273), and [(S)-methyl(oxide){(1R)-1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-yl]ethyl}-A4 sulfanylidene]cyanamide (B2) (I274) (shown as diastereomer group B), and 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadhispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradeca-11-en-10-one (I275), 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4 -dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]deca-3-en-2-one (I276), 1-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-amine (I277), Afidopyropen [(3S,4aR,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-6],12-Dihydroxy-4,12b-dimethyl-11-oxo-9-(pyridine-3-yl)-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-2H,11H-benzo[f]pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-4-yl]methylcyclopropanecarboxylate (I278), 2-cyano-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide (I279), 2-cyano-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide (I280), 2-cyano-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N-ethylbenzenesulfonamide (I281), 4-(difluoromethoxy)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-1,2-benzothiazole-3 -Amine 1,1-dioxide (I282), N-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-2-amine (I283), {1'-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)propa-2-en-1-yl]-5-fluorospiro[indole-3,4'-piperidine]-1(2H)-yl}(2-chloropyridine-4-yl)methanone (I284), 3-(2,5-dimethyl (Tylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]deca-3-en-2-one (I285), 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]deca-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate (I286), 4-(buto-2-in-1-yloxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidine-1-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine (I287), (2,2,3,3,4,4,5, 5-Octafluoropentyl)(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)malononitrile (I288), (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-Octafluoropentyl)(3,3,4,4,4-Pentafluorobutyl)malononitrile (I289), 8-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-3-[6(trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-3-yl]-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (I290),Flometoquin (I291), PF1364 (CAS Registry No. 1204776-60-2) (I292), 5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-yl]-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)benzonitrile (I293), 5-[5-(2-chloropyridine-4-yl)-5-( [Difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-yl]-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)benzonitrile (I294), 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-{2-oxo-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]ethyl}benzamide (I 295), 4-{[(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}-1,3-oxazole-2(5H)-one(I296), 4-{[(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}-1,3-oxazole-2(5H)-one(I297), 4-{[(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)methyl](ethyl)amino}-1,3-oxazole-2( 5H)-one(I298), 4-{[(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}-1,3-oxazole-2(5H)-one(I299), Piflubumide N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-3-isobutylphenyl]-N-isobutyryl-1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (Pyflubumide N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-3-isobutylphenyl]-N-isobutyryl-1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide)(I300), methyl 2-[2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl)-1H, [Pyrazole-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)-5-chloro-3-methylbenzoyl]-2-methylhydrazine carboxylate (I301), methyl 2-[2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)-5-cyano-3-methylbenzoyl]-2-ethylhydrazine carboxylate (I302 [3-methylbenzoyl]-2-methylhydrazine carboxylate (I303), methyl 2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-1,2-diethylhydrazine carboxylate (I304), methyl 2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-2-ethylhydrazine carboxylate (I305), (5RS, 7RS; 5RS, 7SR)-1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxyimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (I306), 2-{6-[2-(54-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-yl]pyridine-2-yl}pyrimidine (I307), 2-{6-[2-(pyridine-3-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-yl]pyridine-2-yl}pyrimidine (I3 08), 1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]methyl}-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (I309), 1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]methyl}-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (I310),N-[2-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-4-cyano-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl)-3-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]methyl}-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (I311), N-[2-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-4-cyano-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl)-3-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]methyl}-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (I312), (1E)- N-[(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)methyl]-N'-cyano-N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)ethanimidamide (I313), N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (I314), methyl 2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-yl]carbonyl}amino]benzoyl]-2-ethyl-1-methylphenyl Drazine carboxylate (I315), and Agrigata, Amblyseius, Aphelinus, Aphidius, Aphidoletes, Artemisinin, Beta-cyfluthrin, Bisultap, Brofluthrinate, Bromophos-E, Capsaicin, Chlorbenzurone, Cnidiazine (CNI) Diadin), Dacnusa, 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP), Dichloropropene, Dimethacarb, Dithioether, Dodecyl acetate, Encarsia, Eretmocerus, Ethylene dibromide, Eucalyptol, Flubrocythrinate,Flufenzine, formothion, harmonia, indole-3-yl butyrate, isocarbofos, isofenphos, isofenphos-m, isoprocarb, isothioate, lindane, liuyangmycin, matrine, mephosfolan, metaldehyde, metarhizium anisoplie Potassium oleate (potassium-anisopliae), Mirex, m-isothiocyanate, monosultap, oleic acid, Orius, oxymatrine, Paecilomyces, Pasteuria, pheromones, phosphorus acid, Photorhabdus, Phytoseiulus, Pyrimifos-e, potassium oleate -oleate), prosuler, pyrethrins, pyriproxifen, quinomethionate, saponin, saponozit, sodium fluosilicate, steinernema, trichoderma, trichogramma, verticillium, vertrin (vertrine), isomer insecticides (e.g., kappabifenthrin, kappatefluthrin), dichoromezotiaz, broflanilide, pyraziflumid; carbamates including aldicarb, alanicarb, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, pyrimicarb, propoxul and thiodicarb; organophosphates including acephate, azinefosethyl,Organic phosphates including azinphosethyl, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, diclotophos, dimethoate, disulfone, ethion, fenitrothion, fension, isoxathion, malathion, methamidaphos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxymethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, fenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidone, quinalphos, terbuphos, tetrachlorvinphos, triazophos, and trichlorfone; cyclodiene organochlorine compounds such as endosulfan; fiprole group and The following are examples of phyprole groups, including ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole, and pyriprole; neonicotinoid groups, including acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam; spinosin groups, such as spinosad and spinetoram; chloride channel activators from the mectin group, including abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, and milbemectin; larval hormone mimics such as hydroprene, quinoprene, methoprene, phenoxycarb, and pyriproxyfen; and selective copopteran feeding deprivation agents such as pymetrozine, flonicamide, and pyrifluquinazon. Homopteran feeding blockers; mite growth inhibitors such as clofentedine, hexythiazox, and etoxazole; mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors such as diafenthiurone, fenbutasin oxide, and propargit; oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers such as chlorfenapyr; bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclamate,Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers such as thiosultap sodium; type 0 inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis from benzoylurea groups, including bistriflurone, diflubenzuron, flufenoxurone, hexaflumurone, lufenuron, novaron, and teflubenzuron; type 1 inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis such as buprofezin; molting inhibitors such as cyromazine; ecdysone receptor agonists such as methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, and chromafenozide; octopamine receptor agonists such as amitraz; mitochondrial complex electron transport inhibitors pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, fluphenerim, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, hydramethylnon, acequinosyl, or fluacrypilim; voltage-gated sodium channel blockers such as indoxacarb and metaflumizone; spirodiclofen, Lipid biosynthesis inhibitors such as spiromesifen and spirotetramat; ryanodine receptor modulators from the diamide group, including flubendiamide, phthalamide compounds ()-3-chlor-Nl-{2-methyl-4-[l,2,2-tetrafluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(l-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide and (S)-3-chlor-Nl-{2-methyl-4-[l,2,2 ,2-tetrafluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(l-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, chloranthraniliprole and cyanthraniliprole, ryanodine receptor modulators from the diamide group; compounds with unknown or uncertain mechanisms of action such as azadirachtin, amidoflumet, bifenazate, fluensulfone, piperonyl butoxide, pyridaryl, sulfoxaflor; or sodium channel modulators from the pyrethroid group, such as acrinatrin, arethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin,Sodium channel modulators from pyrethroids, including deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucitrinate, taufluvalinate, permethrin, silafluofen, and tralomethrin, and formulations thereof.

[0108] In some embodiments, the plant treatment product comprises two or more (e.g., multiple) insecticides. For example, the plant treatment product may preferably include a first insecticide selected from the above group, and preferably a second insecticide different from the first insecticide selected from the above group. Some embodiments may, for example, include a third insecticide, preferably selected from the above group, which is different from the first and second insecticides.

[0109] [Essential antimicrobial pesticides] In some embodiments, the pesticide is or may contain (chemical) antimicrobial agents (e.g., antibiotics, antiparasitic agents, antiviral agents, fungicides, etc.). In some embodiments, one or more antimicrobial agents may be used to inhibit or destroy microorganisms occurring on plants or parts of plants (fruits, flowers, leaves, stems, tubers, or roots) of different crops of useful plants, and may provide protection (e.g., fungal infections occurring in soil or on plant pathogenic insects, against plant pathogenic fungi). Without being bound by any theory, the type of pathogen and the type of plant usually determine the type of active ingredient used to produce the plant treatment product. Target pathogens include plant pathogenic fungi, such as ascomycetes (e.g., Venturia, Podosphaera, Erysiphe, Monilinia, Mycosphaerella, Uncinula); basidiomycetes (e.g., Hemiieia, Rhizoctonia, Puccinia); and imperfect fungi. imperfecti) (e.g., Botrytis, Helminthosporium, Rhynchosporium, Fusarium, Septoria, Cercospora, Alternaria, pyricularia, and Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides); Oomycetes (e.g., Phytophthora, Peronospora, Bremia, Pythium, Plasmopara), wheat damping-off fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis (take-all)), wheat powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe) This includes, but is not limited to, Graminis (Mildew).Plant species include, but are not limited to, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn (or maize), wheat, oats, peas, hay (or alfalfa), tomatoes, potatoes, avocados, and other crops (and non-crops).

[0110] In some embodiments, the pesticide may consist of one or more (synthetic) chemical substances, molecules, or compounds, or two or more (synthetic) chemical substances, molecules, or compounds. A wide variety of (chemical) antimicrobial pesticides are commercially available, each of which is intended herein.

[0111] [Equivalent fungicide] In some embodiments, the pesticide is or may contain a (chemical) fungicide. A wide variety of (chemical) fungicides are commercially available, each of which is intended herein. Exemplary (chemical) fungicides include, but are not limited to, azoles, e.g., fluquinconazole (Agrevo), cyproconazole (Novartis), triticonazole (Rhone-Poulenc), phenylpyrroles (e.g., fenpiclonil or fludioxonil (both Novartis) and other structural types such as cappropamide, fluthiamide, spiroxamin (all Bayer AG)), and strobilurines (BASF AG), e.g., azoxystrobin.

[0112] (Chemical) fungicides or their active ingredients (ai) have different trade names; for example, spiroxamine is Impulse® for wheat, or capropamide is Win® for rice. Vitavax® contains carboxin and thiram for treating wheat, barley, and oat seeds, and Baytan R30® protects against septria, powdery mildew, or damping-off. Tebuconazole is the active ingredient in Raxil® for protecting wheat, barley, and oats. Further examples are available through the catalog of product suppliers, e.g., Gustavson Inc. (http: / / www.gustavson.com / ).

[0113] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, preferred fungicides are selected from the group consisting of: one or more (1) inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis, e.g., (F1) aldimorph (1704-28-5), (F2) azaconazole (60207-31-0), (F3) bitertanol (55179-31-2), (F4) bromuconazole (116255-48-2), (F5) cyproconazole (113096-99-4), (F6) diclobut (F7) diclobutrazole (75736-33-3), (F8) difenoconazole (II9446-68-3), (F9) diniconazole-M (83657-18-5), (F10) dodemorph (1593-77-7), (F11) dodemorph acetate (31717-87-0), (F12) epoxyconazole (106325-0) 8-0), (F13) etaconazole (60207-93-4), (F14) fenarimol (60168-88-9), (F15) fenbuconazole (I14369-43-6), (F16) fenhexamid (I26833-17-8), (F17) fenpropidin (67306-00-7), (F18) fenpropimorph (67306- 03-0), (F19) Fluquinconazole (I36426-54-5), (F20) Flurprimidol (56425-91-3), (F21) Flusilazole (85509-19-9), (F22) Flutriafol (76674-21-0), (F23) Fluconazole (112839-33-5), (F24) Fluconazole-cis (112839-32-4),(F25) Hexaconazole (79983-71-4), (F26) Imazalil (60534-80-7), (F27) Imazalil sulfate (58594-72-2), (F28) Imibenconazole (86598-92-7), (F29) Ipconazole (I25225-28-7), (F30) Metconazole (I25116-23-6), (F31) Myclobutanil (88 (F38) Piperal (piperalin) (3478-94-2), (F39) prochloraz (67747-09-5), (F40) propiconazole (60207-90-1), (F41) prothioconazole (178928-70-6), (F42) pyributicarb (88678-67-5), (F43) pyrifenox (88283-41-4), (F44) quinconazole (103970-75-8), ( F45) Simeconazole (I49508-90-7), (F46) Spiroxamine (I18134-30-8), (F47) Tebuconazole (107534-96-3), (F48) Terbinafine (91161-71-6), (F49) Tetraconazole (I12281-77-3), (F50) Triadimefon (43121-43-3), (F51) Triadimenol (89482-17-7),(F52) Tridemorph (81412-43-3), (F53) Triflumizole (68694-11-1), (F54) Triforine (26644-46-2), (F55) Triticonazole (I31983-72-7), (F56) Uniconazole (83657-22-1), (F57) Uniconazole-p (83657-17-4), (F58) Viniconazole (77174-66-4), (F5 9) Voriconazole (137234-62-9), (F60) 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)cycloheptanol (129586-32-9), (F61) Methyl 1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate (110323-95-0), (F62) N'-{5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methyl Luimidoformamide (N'-{5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide), (F63)N-ethyl-N-methyl-N'-{2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidoformamide, (F64)0-[1-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl]1H-imidazole-1-cal (1) Bothioate (11226-71-2); (2) Inhibitors of respiratory chain complex I or II, e.g., (F65) bixafen (581809-46-3), (F66) boscalid (188425-85-6), (F67) carboxyne (5234-68-4), (F68) diflumetorim (130339-07-0), (F69) fenfuram (24691-80-3), (F70) fluopyram (658066-35-4),(F71) Flutolanil (66332-96-5), (F72) Fluxapyroxad (907204-31-3), (F73) Furametopyr (123572-88-3), (F74) Furmecyclox (60568-05-0), (F75) Isopyrazam (a mixture of syn-epimarasemiforms 1RS, 4SR, 9RS and anti-epimarasemiforms 1RS, 4SR, 9SR) (881685-58-1), (F76) Iso Pyrazam (anti-epimarasemiform 1RS, 4SR, 9SR), (F77) Isopyrazam (anti-epimer enantiomers 1R, 4S, 9S), (F78) Isopyrazam (anti-epimer enantiomers 1S, 4R, 9R), (F79) Isopyrazam (syn-epimarasemiform 1RS, 4SR, 9RS), (F80) Isopyrazam (syn-epimer enantiomers 1R, 4S, 9R), (F81) Isopyrazam (syn-epimer enantiomers 1S, 4R, 9S), (F82) Mepronil (55814-41-0), (F83) Oxycarbox (in)(5259-88-1), (F84) Penflufen (494793-67-8), (F85) Penthiopyrad (183675-82-3), (F86) Sedaxane (874967-67-6), (F87) Thifluzamide (130000-40-7), (F88) 1-Methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F89) 3- (Difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F90)3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4-fluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F91)N-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (1092400-95-7),(F92) 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazoline-4-amine (1210070-84-0), (F93) benzovindiflupyr, (F94) N-[(1S,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F95) N-[(1R,4S)-9-(di Chloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F96)3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F97)1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F98)1-methyl-3- (Trifluoromethyl)-N-(1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F99)1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[(1S)-1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F100)1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[(1R)-1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F101 )3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F102)3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F103)1,3,5-trimethyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,(F104) 1,3,5-trimethyl-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; (3) Inhibitors of respiratory chain complex I, e.g., (F105) ametoctradin (865318-97-4), (F106) amisulbrom (3 48635-87-0), (F107) Azoxystrobin (131860-33-8), (F108) Cyazofamide (120116-88-3), (F109) Coumethoxystrobin (850881-30-0), (F110) Coumoxystrobin (850881-70-8) (F111) dimoxystrobin (141600-52-4), (F112) enestroburin (238410-11-2), (F113) famoxadone (131807-57-3), (F114) fenamidone (161326-34-7), (F115) f Fenoxystrobin (918162-02-4), (F116) Fluoxastrobin (361377-29-9), (F117) Kresoxim-methyl (143390-89-0), (F118) Metominostrobin (133408-50, -1), (F119) orysastrobin (189892-69-1), (F120) picoxystrobin (117428-22-5), (F121) pyraclostrobin (175013-18-0), (F122) pyrametostrobin (915410-70-7), (F123) pyraoxystrobin (862588-11-2), (F124) pyrib (F125) pyribencarb (799247-52-2), (F125) triclopyricarb (902760-40-1), (F126) trifloxystrobin (141517-21-7), (F127) (2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidine-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethaneamide, (F128) (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)- N-methyl-2-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)ethanamide, (F129)(2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-{2-[(E)-({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}imino)methyl]phenyl}ethanamide (158169-73-4), (F130)(2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylethenyl]oxy}phenyl)eth [Iridene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethaneamide (326896-28-0), (F131)(2E)-2-{2-[({[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)buto-3-ene-2-ylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethaneamide, (F132)2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (119899-14-8),(F133) 5-Methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-one, (F134) Methyl(2E)-2-{2-[({cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}sulfanyl)methyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyprop-2-enoate (149601-03-6), (F135) N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formyl) (Amino)-2-hydroxybenzamide (226551-21-9), (F136)2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide (173662-97-0), (F137)(2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide (394657-24-0); (4) Inhibitors of mitosis and cell division, e.g., (F138) benomyl (17804-35-2), (F139) carbendazim (carben (F140) Chlorfenazole (3574-96-7), (F141) Dietofencarb (87130-20-9), (F142) Ethaboxam (162650-77-3), (F143) Fluopicolide (239110-15-7), (F144) Fuberidazole (3878-19-1), (F145) Pencycuron (660 63-05-6), (F146) thiabendazole (148-79-8), (F147) thiophanate-methyl (23564-05-8), (F148) thiophanate (23564-06-9), (F149) zoxamide (156052-68-5), (F150) 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidine-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (214706-53-3),(F151) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine (1002756-87-7); (5) Compounds capable of multisite action, e.g., (F152) Bordeaux mixture (8011-63-0), (F153) captafol (2425-06-1), (F154) captan (1 33-06-2), (F155) chlorothalonil (1897-45-6), (F156) copper hydroxide (20427-59-2), (F157) copper naphthenate (1338-02-9), (F158) copper oxide (1317-39-1), (F159) basic copper chloride (1332-40-7), (F160) copper(II) sulfate (7758-98) -7), (F161) dichlofluanid (1085-98-9), (F162) dithianon (3347-22-6), (F163) dodine (2439-10-3), (F164) dodine free base, (F165) ferbam (14484-64-1), (F166) fluorophorpet (flu (F167) orofolpet (719-96-0), (F167) folpet (133-07-3), (F168) guazatine (108173-90-6), (F169) guazatine acetate (F170) iminoctadine (13516-27-3), (F171) iminoctadine albesylate (iminoctadine albesilate)(169202-06-6), (F172) iminoctadine triacetate (57520-17-9), (F173) mancopper (53988-93-5), (F174) mancozeb (8018-01-7), (F175) maneb (12427-38-2), (F176) metiram (9006-42-2), (F177) zinc metiram (9006-42-2), (F178) oxine-copper (10380-28-6), (F179) propamidine (104-32-5),(F180) propineb (12071-83-9), (F181) sulfur preparations containing sulfur and calcium polysulfide (7704-34-9), (F182) thyram (137-26-8), (F183) tolylfluanid (731-27-1), (F184) zineb (12122-67-7), (F185) ziram (137-30-4); (6) compounds that can induce host defense, e.g., (F186) acibenzoral-S-methyl (F187) acibenzolar-S-methyl (135158-54-2), (F187) isotianil (224049-04-1), (F188) probenazole (27605-76-1), (F189) thiadinil (223580-51-6); (7) Inhibitors of amino acid and / or protein biosynthesis, e.g., (F190) a Andoprim (23951-85-1), (F191) blasticidin-S (2079-00-7), (F192) cyprodinil (121552-61-2), (F193) kasugamycin (6980-18-3), (F194) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (19408-46-9), (F1 95) Mepanipyrim (110235-47-7), (F196) Pyrimethanil (53112-28-0), (Fl97) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-yl)quinoline (861647-32-7); (8) Inhibitors of ATP production, e.g., (F198) Fentin acetate (9) acetate (900-95-8), (F199) fentin chloride (639-58-7), (F200) fentin hydroxide (76-87-9), (F201) silthiofam (175217-20-6); (9) inhibitors of cell wall synthesis, e.g., (F202) benthiavalicarb (177406-68-7),(F203) Dimethomorph (110488-70-5), (F204) Flumorph (211867-47-9), (F205) Iprovalicarb (140923-17-7), (F206) Mandipropamid (374726-62-2), (F207) Polyoxins (11113-80-7), (F208) Polyoxorim (22976-86-9), (F209) Validamycin A A) (37248-47-8), (F210) valifenalate (283159-94-4; 283159-90-0); (10) Inhibitors of lipid and membrane synthesis, e.g., (F211) biphenyl (92-52-4), (F212) chloroneb (2675-77-6), (F213) dichloran (99-30-9), (F214 (F215) Edifenphos (17109-49-8), (F216) Etridiazole (2593-15-9), (F216) Iodocarb (55406-53-6), (F217) Iprobenfos (26087-47-8), (F218) Isoprothiolane (5051 2-35-1), (F219) propamocarb (25606-41-1), (F220) propamocarb hydrochloride (25606-41-1), (F221) prothiocarb (19622-08-3), (F222) pyrazophos (13457-18-6), (F223) quintozene (82-68 -8), (F224) tecnazene (117-18-0), (F225) tolclofos-methyl (57018-04-9); (11) Inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis, e.g., (F226) carpropamid (104030-54-8), (F227) diclocimet (139920-32-4),(F228) Fenoxanil (115852-48-7), (F229) Phthalide (27355-22-2), (F230) Pyrroquilon (57369-32-1), (F231) Tricyclazole (41814-78-2), (F232) 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl {3-methyl-1- [(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2-yl}carbamate (851524-22-6); (12) Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis, e.g., (F233) benalaxyl (71626-11-4), (F234) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl) (98243-83-5), (F235) bupirimate (41483-43-6) ), (F236) Clozylacon (67932-85-8), (F237) Dimethirimol (5221-53-4), (F238) Ethirimol (23947-60-6), (F239) Furalaxyl (57646-30-7), (F240) Hymexazol (1000 4-44-1), (F241) metalaxyl (57837-19-1), (F242) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam) (70630-17-0), (F243) ofurace (58810-48-3), (F244) oxadixyl (77732-09-3), (F245) oxolinic acid (14698-29-4); (13) Inhibitors of signal transduction, e.g., (F, 246) chlozolinate (84332-86-5), (F247) fenpiclonil (74738-17-3), (F248) fludioxonil (131341-86-1), (F249) iprodione (36734) -19-7), (F250) procymidone (32809-16-8), (F251) quinoxyfen (124495-18-7), (F252) vinclozolin (50471-44-8); (1 4) Compounds that can act as uncouplers, e.g., (F253) binapacryl (485-31-4), (F254) dinocap (131-72-6), (F255) ferimzone (89269-64-7), (F256) fluazinam (79622-59-6), (F257) meptyldinocap (131-72-6); (15) Additional compounds, e.g., (F258) benthiazole (215 64-17-0), (F259) Bethoxazin (163269-30-5), (F260) Capsimycin (70694-08-5), (F261) Carvone (99-49-0), (F262) Tinomethionate (2439-01-2), (F263) Pyrifenone (Chlazafenone) (688046-61-9), (F264) Cufraneb (11096-18-7), (F265) Cyfluphenami (cyflufenamid) (180409-60-3), (F266) cymoxanil (57966-95-7), (F267) cyprosulfamide (221667-31-8), (F268) dazomet (533-74-4), (F269) debacarb (62732-91-6), (F270) dichlorophen (97-23-4), (F271) diclomezine (62865-36-5),(F272) Diphenzoquat (49866-87-7), (F273) Diphenzoquat methyl sulfate (43222-48-6), (F724) Diphenylamine (122-39-4), (F275) Ecomate, (F276) Fenpyrazamine (473798-59-3), (F277) Flumetover (154025-04-4), (F278) Fluoroimide (41205-21-4), (F279) Flusulfamide (F280) Flutianil (304900-25-2), (F281) Fosetyl-aluminium (39148-24-8), (F282) Fosetyl calcium, (F283) Fosetyl sodium (39148-16-8), (F284) Hexachlorobenzene (118-74-1), (F285) Irumamycin (81604-73-1), (F286) Metasulfocarb b) (66952-49-6), (F287) Methyl isothiocyanate (556-61-6), (F288) Metrafenone (220899-03-6), (F289) Mildiomycin (67527-71-3), (F290) Natamycin (7681-93-8), (F291) Nickel dimethyl dithiocarbamate (15521-65-0), (F292) Nitrothal isopropyl (10552- 74-6), (F293) octhilinone (26530-20-1), (F294) oxamocarb (917242-12-7), (F295) oxyfenthiin (34407-87-9), (F296) pentachlorophenol and its salt (87-86-5), (F297) phenothrin, (F298) phosphorous acid and its salt (13598-36-2), (F299) propamocarb-fosetylate,(F300) Propanosine-sodium (88498-02-6), (F301) Proquinazid (189278-12-4), (F302) Pyrimorph (868390-90-3), (F303) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridine-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)propa-2-en-1-one ((2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-c (Hloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one))(1231776-28-5), (F304)(2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridine-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l-one(1231776-29-6), (F305)pyrrolnitrine(1018-71-9), (F306)tebufloquin(376645-78-2) (F307) Tecloftalam (76280-91-6), (F308) Tolnifanide (304911-98-6), (F309) Triazoxide (72459-58-6), (F310) Triclamide (70193-21-4), (F311) Zarilamid (84527-51-5), (F312) (3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[({3-[(isobutyryloxy )Methoxy]-4-Methoxypyridine-2-yl}carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl2-methylpropanoate (517875-34-2), (F313)1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-yl]-1,3-thiazole-2-yl}piperidine-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]ethanone (1003319-79-6),(F314)1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-yl]-1,3-thiazole-2-yl}piperidine-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]ethanone (1003319-80-9), (F315)1-(4-{4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-yl]-1,3-thiazole-2-yl}piperidine-1-yl)-2-[ 5-Methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]ethanone (1003318-67-9), (F316)1-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate (111227-17-9), (F317)2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine (13108-52-6), (F318)2,3-dibutyl-6-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4(3H)-one (2,3-dibutyl-6-ch lorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one)(221451-58-7), (F319)2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, (F320)2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazo [(5R)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazole-2-yl}piperidine-1-yl)ethanone (1003316-53-7), (F321)2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]-1-(4-{4-(5S)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazole-2-yl}piperidine-1-yl)ethanone (1003316-54-8),(F322)2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]-1-{4-[4-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-1,3-thiazole-2-yl]piperidine-1-yl}ethanone (1003316-51-5), (F323)2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one, (F324)2-chloro-5-[2-chloro-1-(2,6-difluoro (F325) 2-phenylphenol and salt (90-43-7), (F326) 3-(4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-yl)quinoline (861647-85-0), (F327) 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitride (17824-85-0), (F328) 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-methyl-1,2-oxazolidine-3-yl]pyridine (3-[5-(4-c (chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine, (F329)3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (F330)4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, (F331)5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (F332)5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-in-1-yl)thiophen-2-sulfonyl Drazide (5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)thiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide) (134-31-6), (F333) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidine-4-amine (1174376-11-4), (F334) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidine-4-amine (1174376-25-0), (F335) 5-methyl-6-octyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-amine,(F336) Ethyl(2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-enoate, (F337) N'-(4-{[3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole-5-yl]oxy}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (F338) N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-in-1-yloxy)phenyl]prop N-amide, (F339)N-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-in-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, (F340)N-[(5-bromo-3-chloropyridine-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxamide, (F341)N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridine-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3- Carboxamide, (F342)N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridine-2-yl)ethyl]-2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine-3-carboxamide, (F343)N-{(E)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide (221201-92-9), (F344)N-{(Z)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy )imino[6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide (221201-92-9), (F345)N'-{4-[(3-tert-butyl-4-cyano-1,2-thiazole-5-yl)oxy]-2-chloro-5-methylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (F346)N-methyl-2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl, (5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]acetyl}piperidine-4-yl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (922514-49-6), (F347)N-methyl-2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]acetyl}piperidine-4-yl)-N-[ (1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (922514-07-6), (F348)N-methyl-2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]acetyl}piperidine-4-yl)-N-[(1S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-yl]-1,3-Thiazol-4-carboxamide (922514-48-5), (F349) Pentyl {6-[({[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazole-5-yl)(phenyl)methylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridine-2-yl}carbamate, (F350) Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (F351) quinoline-8-ol (134-31-6), (F352) quinoline-8-ol sulfate (2:1) (134-31-6), (F353) tert-butyl{6-[({[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazole-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridine-2-yl}carbamate; (16) additional compounds, e.g., (F354) 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'-(trifluoro (F355)N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F356)N-(2',4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F357)3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[4'-(trifluoro [Methyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F358)N-(2',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F359)3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[4'-(prop-1-in-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F360)5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-N- [4'-(prop-1-yl-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F361)2-chloro-N-[4'-(prop-1-in-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, (F362)3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbuto-l-in-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F363)N-[4'-(3,[3-Dimethylbuto-1-in-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F364)3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F365)N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F366)2-chloro Ro-N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, (F367)2-chloro-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbuto-1-in-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, (F368)4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-N-[4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide, (F369)5-fluoro-N-[4'-(3-hydroxy- [3-methylbuto-l-yl-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F370)2-chloro-N-[4'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbuto-1-in-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, (F371)3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbuto-1-in-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole -4-carboxamide, (F372)5-fluoro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbuto-l-in-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (F373)2-chloro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbuto-l-yl-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, (F374)(5-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methylpyridine-3-yl)(2,3,4-Trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)methanone, (F375)N-[2-(4-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)propa-2-in-1-yl]oxy}-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N2-(methylsulfonyl)valinamide (220706-93-4), (F376)4-oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butanoic acid, (F377)buto-3-in-1-yl{6-[({[(Z)-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazole-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridine-2-yl}carbamate, (F378)4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidine-2-ol (mesomeriform) Form): 6-amino-5-fluoropyrimidine-2(1H)-one), (F379)propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, and (F380) oryzastrobin.

[0114] Other fungicides include benzovindiflupyr (solatenol) dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) pyrazole-carbamide fungicides. Examples include phenyl-benzamides, phenyl-oxo-ethylthiophenamides, pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamides, furan-carboxamides, oxathiin-carboxamides, thiazole-carboxamides, pyrazole-carboxamides, pyridine-carboxamides, and formulations thereof.

[0115] [Examples of plant growth regulators (PGRs)] In some embodiments, the plant treatment component may be one or more PGRs, or include them. A wide variety of PGRs are commercially available, each of which is intended herein. Exemplary PGRs include antiauxins, e.g., clofibric acid, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid; auxins, e.g., 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop, IAA, IBA, naphthaleneacetamide, α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acids, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate, 2,4,5-T; cytokinins, e.g., 2iP, benzyladenine, 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol Alcohol, kinetin, zeatin; defoliants, e.g., calcium cyanamide, dimethipin, endotar, ethephon, merphos, metoxlon, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron, tribufos; ethylene inhibitors, e.g., aviglycine, 1-methylcyclopropene; ethylene releasers, e.g., ACC, etacelasil, ethephon, glyoxime; spermicides, e.g., fenridazon, maleate hydrazide; gibberellins, e.g., gibberellin, gibberellic acid;Growth inhibitors, such as abscisic acid, ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chlorprofam, dikegulac, flumetralin, fluoridamid, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, and jasmonic acid. (acid), maleate hydrazide, mepiquat, piproctanyl, prohydrojasmon, propham, tiaojiean, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid; morphactins, e.g., chlorfluren, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol, flurenol; growth inhibitors retardants, for example, chlormequat, daminozide, flurprimidol, mefluidide, paclobutrazol, tetcyclacis, uniconazole; growth stimulants, for example, brassinolide, brassinolide ethyl, DCPTA, forchlorfenuron, himexazole, prothrel, triacontanol;Plant growth regulators that were not classified, for example, bachmedesh, benzofluor, buminafos, carvone, choline chloride, ciobutide, clofencet, cyanamide, cyclanilide, cycloheximide, cyprosulfamide, epocholeone, etychlozate, ethylene, fuphenthiourea, furalane, heptopargil, holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, lead arsenate This includes, but is not limited to, arsenate, metasulfocarb, prohexadione, pydanone, sintofen, tripenthenol, trinexapac, and formulations thereof.

[0116] [Other exemplary components] Some embodiments of this disclosure may include one or more additional components and / or ingredients. These additional components and / or ingredients can be added to (viable, active, metabolic) suspension cultures, total culture lysates, plant treatment components, and / or plant treatment compositions. For example, some embodiments may include one or more of the following: (1) amino acids, (2) peptides, (3) hydrolyzed proteins, (4) organic acids and / or carboxylic acids, (5) carbohydrates, (6) plant extracts, (7) lignosulfonic acids, (8) humic acids and / or fulvic acids, (9) macro, secondary, and / or micronutrients, (10) chelated minerals and / or complex minerals, (11) vitamins, (12) wetting agents, (13) dispersants, and (14) surfactants. Some embodiments may include mixtures of two or more of the above.

[0117] Some embodiments may include a mixture of amino acids, minerals, and organic acids. Some embodiments may include a mixture of amino acids, minerals, organic acids, lignosulfonic acid, seaweed extract, and a wetting agent / nonionic surfactant. Certain embodiments may include vitamins. Certain embodiments may include an inorganic nitrogen source (e.g., ammonium nitrate or urea). Some embodiments may be free of ammonium nitrate and / or urea. Some embodiments may include added manganese. Some embodiments may include added copper. In some embodiments, one or more additives may be included in the (active or viable) culture (e.g., before dissolution) or added to the dissolution (after dissolution). In other embodiments, one or more additives may be added to the plant treatment product (or to a mixture of the microbial fermentation product and plant treatment components).

[0118] Some embodiments may include one or more diluents or diluents. One or more diluents or diluents may dilute one or more product components. One or more diluents or diluents may further or alternatively enhance the uniform distribution of the plant treatment.

[0119] Some embodiments of this disclosure may include one or more additional (supplementary) components and / or ingredients. For example, an embodiment may include one or more vitamins (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin B group (e.g., vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B4, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B9, vitamin B 12(e.g., choline), vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, etc.), minerals or trace minerals (or components) (e.g., magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, boron, cobalt, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, nickel, vanadium, silicon, tin, etc.), amino acids (e.g., essential and / or non-essential), health supplements (e.g., glucosamine, chondroitin, etc.), pharmaceuticals (e.g., chemical This includes chemical additives, nutritional supplements, plants or parts of plants (e.g., fruits, leaves, stems, roots, buds, seedlings, cotyledons, etc.), plant products or extracts (kelp, algae, or other extracts), herbs, phytonutrients, carotenoids, enzymes (e.g., amylase, xylanase, proteases, phytase, glucanase), probiotics, organic acids, etc. Certain embodiments may substantially and / or completely lack one or more types of probiotics and / or live microorganisms.

[0120] Specific embodiments include one or more surfactants, for example, binding agents and / or emulsifying agents (e.g., diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono and diglucerides, edible oils and fats, fatty acids constituting edible oils and fats, ethoxylated mono and diglucerides, methyl glucoside coconut oil esters, mineral oil, mono and diglucerides of edible oils and fats and fatty acids, monosodium phosphate derivatives of mono and diglucerides of edible oils and fats or fatty acids constituting edible oils and fats, polyoxyethylene glycol 400 (mono and diolates), polysiloxane, polysorbate 80, polysorbate 60 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate), propylene glycol, sodium stearoyl lactylate) This may include stearoyl lactylate, polysorbate 60 (with or without sorbitan monostearate), or formulations thereof.

[0121] Some embodiments may include one or more stabilizers, anti-caking agents, and / or processing agents (e.g., carrageenan, gelatin gum, guar gum, lecithin, locust bean gum, stearic acid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium aluminosilicate, tara gum, xanthan gum, etc.), dust control agents (e.g., mineral oil, paraffin, etc., or two or more of the aforementioned formulations), preservatives, and / or other beneficial ingredients, or formulations thereof.

[0122] Some embodiments may include one or more diluents or diluents. One or more diluents or diluents may dilute one or more products in the mixture. One or more diluents or diluents may further or alternatively enhance the uniform distribution of products or supplementary components in the mixture. Exemplary diluents or diluents may include, but are not limited to, water or other aqueous solutions, vitamin and / or mineral mixtures, initial portions of plant treatment components, earthen carriers, or any other suitable products or supplementary components (diluent or dispersing components).

[0123] [Example combination products] As used herein, “combination product” and similar terms refer to a composition, mixture, or other formulation (e.g., reaction product) comprising at least a plant-treated component and a microbial fermentation product. For example, a combination product is, or comprises, or includes, a plant-treated component, a microbial fermentation product, an optional carrier (e.g., a microbial fermentation product (and optionally a plant-treated component)), and one or more additional components (e.g., vitamins, minerals or trace minerals, amino acids, health supplements, pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, plants or parts of plants, plant products or extracts, herbs, phytonutrients, carotenoids, enzymes, probiotics, organic acids, and / or any other suitable additives or other components as described above). Certain embodiments may substantially and / or completely lack one or more types of probiotics and / or live microorganisms.

[0124] In at least one embodiment, the plant treatment product comprises a microbial fermentation product and, preferably, a substantially liquid plant treatment component mixed or combined thereof, preferably in a ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:100 of fermentation product to plant treatment component, or vice versa. In some embodiments, the ratio of fermentation product to plant treatment component, or vice versa, may be 1:1, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, or less, between the above ratios, and / or substantially above ratios.

[0125] In some embodiments, the plant treatment products can be pre-mixed as a combined product. In some embodiments, the combined product may include concentrates. In at least one embodiment, the combined product may be diluted (e.g., with water) to form a ready-to-use product. In certain embodiments, the products may be mixed or pre-mixed (e.g., tank-mixed) at the time of application or before or after (e.g., in situ). In some embodiments, the mixture may be or include suspensions, emulsions, solutions, etc.

[0126] In at least one embodiment, the mixture or combination product is preferably stabilized by (1) adjusting the pH of the mixture to about 5 to 7, (2) adding one or more stabilizers (chemical, synthetic, natural, organic, etc.), (3) adding or co-forming with water and / or an organic mineral oil base, or (4) encapsulating the mixture. In some embodiments, the pH of the mixture may be adjusted to about pH 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, or 7, as needed.

[0127] One or more alternative or additional embodiment combination products include substantially dried fermentation products (e.g., bound to a (solid or dry) carrier) and substantially dried plant treatment components, preferably in a ratio of carrier bound to fermentation products to plant treatment components between about 1:1 and about 1:100, or vice versa. In some embodiments, the ratio of fermentation products to plant treatment components, or vice versa, may be 1:1, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, or less, between the above ratios, and / or substantially the above ratios.

[0128] Some embodiments may include a mixture of the fermentation product (e.g., bound to a (solid or dry) carrier) and the dry form of the plant treatment component. Certain embodiments may include milling the carrier bound to the fermentation product and the plant treatment component to the same or similar particle size. In some embodiments, the (dry form) combined product may be configured to produce a water-soluble, water-miscible, and / or (chemically and / or structurally) stable suspension (e.g., when mixed with an aqueous liquid such as water).

[0129] [Example Method] At least one embodiment includes a method for producing a plant-treated product, the method comprising providing a plant-treated component and mixing the plant-treated component with a microbial fermentation product. An exemplary method for producing a plant-treated product includes mixing a substantially liquid microbial fermentation product with a plant-treated component, preferably in a ratio of fermentation product to plant-treated component between about 1:1 and about 1:100, or vice versa, in order to produce a plant-treated product. One or more alternative or additional embodiments for producing a plant-treated product include mixing a substantially dried fermentation product (bound to or unbound to a carrier) with a plant-treated component, preferably in a ratio of fermentation product to plant-treated component between about 1:1 and about 1:100, or vice versa, in order to produce a plant-treated product.

[0130] A method for producing a microbial fermentation product may include culturing one or more live and / or viable microorganisms (or microbial species, strain, or lineage thereof) under anaerobic (and optionally aerobic) conditions (e.g., media well known in the art and / or described herein) and / or causing the microorganisms to produce one or more fermentation metabolites as a result. Some embodiments may also include (intentional) killing and / or inactivation (e.g., sonication, vigorous mixing, or blending, thermal inactivation, pH inactivation, or death) so that the fermentation product substantially lacks live and / or viable microorganisms (e.g., substantially lacking one or more arbitrary live microorganisms). However, the fermentation product may contain cells and / or structural components of one or more (e.g., substantially all) microorganisms. The fermentation product may also contain one or more fermentation metabolites and / or fermentation culture media (or components thereof).

[0131] Some embodiments involve mixing (or reacting) one or more vitamins and / or minerals with the fermentation product. In particular, one or more vitamins and / or minerals can be bound to or chelated with metabolites of one or more fermentation products (for example, resulting in increased bioavailability of one or more metabolites).

[0132] One or more embodiments also include a method for producing a carrier bound to a fermentation product. The fermentation product (in substantially liquid form) can be applied fluidly to the carrier by spraying, injecting, dripping, etc., and / or so that the fermentation product is bound to the carrier. The carrier is or may be a solid and / or substantially dry carrier, such as a soil carrier containing one or more phyllosilicates, as described herein. The carrier may be or may include a liquid carrier, such as water or a water source or supply source, as further or alternatively described herein. The fermentation product can be applied to the carrier, or combined with or mixed with the carrier, so that the fermentation product is dispersed within or throughout the carrier.

[0133] The fermentation product may be applied to the carrier in a ratio of approximately 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, or less than or equal to the above ratios, and / or approximately between the above ratios, or vice versa, on a weight basis. At least a portion of the fermentation product may react with and / or mix with and / or bind to the carrier physically and / or chemically. For example, at least a portion of the fermentation product may be adsorbed onto the surface of the carrier and / or absorbed below the surface of the carrier.

[0134] At least one embodiment may include mixing the carrier and / or the carrier bound to the fermentation product (e.g., before, after, and / or during application of the fermentation product to the carrier). The carrier and / or the carrier bound to the fermentation product may be mixed in any suitable container or on any suitable surface. For example, the carrier may be mixed by rotation (e.g., in a drum or barrel), shaking (e.g., on or in a tray or receptacle), stirring (e.g., on or in a tray or receptacle), etc. Furthermore, the carrier may be mixed at any suitable speed. Regardless of the particular type of mixing, container, surface, etc., the mixing may be measured in rotational speed, revolutions per minute, and / or reciprocations per minute (rpm). For example, the carrier may be mixed at speeds of about 1 to 500 rpm, about 5 to 300 rpm, about 10 to 200 rpm, about 15 to 100 rpm, about 20 to 60 rpm, about 30 to 50 rpm, or any range in between. In some embodiments, an appropriate mixing rate can ensure that the carrier, the carrier bound to the fermentation product, and / or other combined products are processed appropriately and / or most optimally. For example, a mixing rate exceeding a certain threshold may reduce the product particle size and / or homogeneity to below appropriate and / or optimal levels. Similarly, a mixing rate below a certain threshold may hinder the sufficient or successful application or coating of the fermentation product around or near the carrier and / or cause aggregation of the product, resulting in inappropriate and / or suboptimal product particle size and / or homogeneity. In any case, the effects of improper mixing may include a decrease in the stability and / or activity of the product.

[0135] Certain embodiments may comprise applying air or an air flow. The air or air flow may be applied (i) during mixing of a carrier and / or a carrier bound to a fermentation product (for example, before, after, and / or during applying the fermentation product to the carrier), (ii) during a specific predetermined or defined period (for example, about 6 to 120 hours, about 12 to 96 hours, about 12 to 120 hours, about 48 to 60 hours, etc.), and / or (iii) until the carrier bound to the fermentation product achieves a suitable moisture content as described herein. Also, in certain embodiments, the air flow is about 25 m 3 / min or more, about 200 m 3 / min or less, about 25 m 3 / min to about 200 m 3 / min, about 40 m 3 / min to about 150 m 3 / min, about 50 m 3 / min to about 100 m 3 / min, about 60 m 3 / min to about 75 m 3 / min may be applied at a rate between the above ranges. Preferably, the air or air flow may be applied at a rate of about 68 m 3 / min. In some embodiments, a suitable temperature ensures that the mixture is dried to a suitable moisture content within a suitable period of time, thereby reducing, suppressing, and / or substantially preventing and / or avoiding caking or aggregation of the product, microbial contamination and / or growth, and the like.

[0136] In at least one embodiment, the method includes holding the carrier, the mixed fermentation product, and the carrier and / or the carrier bound to the fermentation product at a suitable reaction temperature (e.g., below about 60°C, below about 58°C, below about 56°C, below about 55°C, below about 52°C, below about 50°C, below about 48°C, below about 45°C, below about 42°C, below about 40°C, below about 39°C, below about 38°C, below about 37°C, below about 35°C, below about 32°C, below about 30°C, below about 25°C, below about 20°C, etc., and / or above about 5°C, above about 10°C, above about 15°C, or above about 20°C) during the reaction and / or binding process. In some embodiments, the suitable reaction temperature can ensure that the reaction occurs at an optimal rate / ratio and that the reaction product is dried (at a suitable rate) to a suitable moisture content. Furthermore, this reaction may include holding the carrier bound to the reaction product and / or fermentation product at an appropriate holding and / or storage temperature (e.g., below about 42°C, below about 40°C, below about 39°C, below about 38°C, below about 37°C, below about 35°C, below about 32°C, below about 30°C, below about 28°C, below about 25°C, below about 20°C, below about 15°C, or below about 10°C, below about 5°C, below about 2°C, etc., and / or above about 0°C, above about 5°C, above about 10°C, or above about 15°C, etc.) after the reaction and / or bonding process is complete or nearly complete. In some embodiments, an appropriate holding temperature can improve, enhance, and / or maintain the stability, lifespan, and / or composition of the carrier bound to the reaction product and / or fermentation product (i.e., prevent, reduce, and / or inhibit decomposition).

[0137] Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, the parameters described above (e.g., mixing, application, air, temperature, etc.) can cause and / or enhance the binding of the fermentation product to the carrier. For example, the parameters can cause and / or enhance the adsorption of the fermentation product to the surface of the carrier, the absorption of the fermentation product below the surface of the carrier, and / or the drying of the fermentation product on or within the carrier. Thus, in some embodiments, the fermentation product can be dry-bound to the carrier.

[0138] In at least one embodiment, the method may also include holding the support bound to the fermentation product at a suitable reaction pH during the reaction and / or binding process (e.g., about 2 to 10, preferably about 2 to 8, more preferably about 2 to 6, more preferably about 2 to 5, more preferably about 2 to 4, more preferably about 2 to 3, more preferably about 3 to 10, more preferably about 3 to 8, more preferably about 3 to 6, more preferably about 3 to 5, more preferably about 3 to 4, more preferably about 4 to 10, more preferably about 4 to 8, more preferably about 4 to 6, more preferably about 4 to 5, etc.). In some embodiments, the suitable pH can ensure and / or enhance the chemical reaction. This method may also involve maintaining the carrier bound to the fermentation product at an appropriate retention pH (e.g., about 2-10, preferably about 2-8, more preferably about 2-6, more preferably about 2-5, more preferably about 2-4, more preferably about 2-3, more preferably about 3-10, more preferably about 3-8, more preferably about 3-6, more preferably about 3-5, more preferably about 3-4, more preferably about 4-10, more preferably about 4-8, more preferably about 4-6, more preferably about 4-5, etc.) after the reaction and / or binding process is complete or nearly complete. In some embodiments, an appropriate retention pH can improve, enhance, and / or maintain the stability, lifespan, and / or composition of the carrier bound to the reaction product and / or fermentation product (i.e., avoid, reduce, and / or inhibit degradation). Furthermore, an appropriate retention pH (e.g., particularly at low pH) can inhibit microbial infection and / or growth on or within the product. In at least one embodiment, the reaction may have a pH-reducing effect (e.g., with respect to the carrier and / or mixture of the carrier and fermentation product).

[0139] Some embodiments involve mixing (e.g., as described above or separately) one or more vitamins and / or minerals with a carrier (or carrier applied to a fermentation product) to which the fermentation product is bound. As shown above, one or more vitamins and / or minerals can be bound to or chelated with at least one metabolite of the fermentation product (e.g., the bioavailability of at least one of the metabolites is thereby increased). Vitamins and / or minerals can also enhance the nutritional value of the product. Embodiments may also involve mixing (e.g., as described above or separately) the carrier bound to the fermentation product with one or more additional components (e.g., plant extracts).

[0140] Some embodiments include a method for producing a plant-treated product. This method may include mixing a plant-treated component with a microbial fermentation product to form a formulated plant-treated product. In some embodiments, the plant-treated component is mixed with a liquid microbial fermentation product in a tank mix before the product is distributed. In one or more additional or alternative embodiments, the plant-treated component and the liquid microbial fermentation product are formulated together. Additional components may be mixed with the plant-treated component and the microbial fermentation product. Additional components may include stabilizers, emulsifiers, and / or water or organic mineral oil bases. In some embodiments, the plant-treated component is mixed with a dried or substantially dried microbial fermentation product (or a carrier bound to the fermentation product). The plant-treated component and the microbial fermentation product may be ground to the same or substantially the same particle size. The plant-treated product produced by mixing the plant-treated component and the microbial fermentation product may be water-soluble and form a safe suspension in water. Embodiments may also include packaging the plant-treated product.

[0141] It will be understood that certain embodiments of this disclosure may include methods for improving crop health. These methods may include applying an effective amount of a crop protection product to a plant (e.g., compared to a control) to improve one or more health indicators of the plant or group of plants. The one or more health indicators may be selected from the group consisting of wilting, color, yield, size and / or weight, lifespan and / or mortality rate, overall health and appearance, etc. The application step may include spraying and / or dispersing a mixture of the plant treatment component and the microbial fermentation product on or near the plant, so that the plant absorbs an effective amount of the plant treatment product. The plant treatment component and the microbial fermentation product may also be applied separately.

[0142] The application step may include spraying and / or dispersing the plant treatment product (e.g., a mixture of plant treatment components and microbial fermentation products) on or near the plant, for example, on the soil, so that the plant absorbs an effective amount of the plant treatment product from the soil. The plant treatment components and microbial fermentation products may be applied separately. Soil treatment using the disclosed plant treatment product can be performed before planting, before germination, after germination, or at any time during the plant's lifespan.

[0143] In some embodiments, the method involves applying an effective amount of the crop protection product (or microbial fermentation product and / or its plant treatment component) to seeds (e.g., a group of seeds intended for sowing). Application to seeds may include, for example, liquid applications such as spraying, coating, wetting, or dipping the seeds with the liquid composition (e.g., crop composition product or microbial fermentation product and / or its plant treatment component). Alternatively or further, application to seeds may include dry applications such as mixing the seeds with substantially dried or solid crop protection product (or microbial fermentation product and / or its plant treatment component) (e.g., in a hopper, mixer). In some embodiments, seed application may be achieved by foliar spraying the crop protection product (or microbial fermentation product and / or its plant treatment component) onto the soil in which the seeds are planted, intended to be planted, or have been planted.

[0144] In some embodiments, the method involves applying an effective amount of a crop protection product (or microbial fermentation product and / or its plant treatment component) to a plant (or seedling). Application to a plant may include, for example, foliar application such as spraying, coating, wetting, or dipping the plant with the liquid composition (e.g., crop protection product or microbial fermentation product and / or its plant treatment component). Alternatively or further, application to a plant may include dry (foliar) application such as spraying or watering the plant with a substantially dry or solid crop protection product (or microbial fermentation product and / or its plant treatment component). Alternatively or further, application to a plant may include soil treatment, whether liquid or substantially dry.

[0145] As described herein, the application (or administration) steps include applying the microbial fermentation product and / or plant treatment component (e.g., the plant treatment component and / or microbial fermentation product separately or as a mixture) to seeds (directly) (before germination), foliar spraying the plant treatment component and / or microbial fermentation product onto or to plants, and / or soil treatment of the plant treatment component and / or microbial fermentation product around plants, e.g., on soil, so that the plants can absorb an effective amount of the plant treatment product from the soil. The plant treatment component and microbial fermentation product can also be administered simultaneously or co-applied (e.g., together or separately as a combined product). Soil treatment using the disclosed plant treatment product can be performed before planting, before germination, after germination, and at any time during the life of the plant.

[0146] It will be understood that various combinations of crop protection products, or their microbial fermentation products and / or plant treatment components, for seedling, plant and / or soil treatment are intended herein. For example, examples may include seed application and one or more foliar sprays. Some embodiments may include seed application and / or soil treatment and one or more foliar sprays. Similarly, various applications to one or more seeds, seedlings, plants and / or soil are intended herein.

[0147] Preferably, the application of a microbial fermentation product improves one or more health indicators of seeds during germination and / or plants or plant groups after germination (e.g., compared to a control group). One or more health indicators may be selected from a group consisting of stronger germination, wilting, color, yield, size and / or weight, lifespan and / or mortality rate, overall health and appearance, etc.

[0148] Additional features and advantages of exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below, and may be partially evident from the description or recognized by the practice of these exemplary embodiments. These features and advantages of these embodiments may be realized and achieved in combination with the means specifically indicated in the appended claims. These and other features may be more fully evident from the description below and the appended claims or recognized by the practice of exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0149] [Example test results] (i) Selected plant treatment components (e.g., pesticides, fungicides, herbicides) and (ii) one or more microbial fermentation product formulations (compositions A, B, C, D, E, and F, and their preparations) comprising one or more different plant treatment products, including (1) rice (Oryza sativa) infected by Sheath Blight Rhizoctonia solani, (2) soybean (Glycine max) infected by Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), (3) wheat (Triticum aestivum) infected by Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis), and (4) corn (Zea mays) infected by Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora (5) creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) infected by dollar spot (Sclerotina homoeocarpa) and (6) glyphosate-tolerant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) weed were treated and compared with a control group containing each plant treatment component alone.

[0150] The microbial fermentation product formulations designated as Compositions A, B, C, D, E, and F are in accordance with the microbial fermentation products described in this disclosure. Each of Compositions A, B, C, D, E, and F comprises cytoplasm of a fermented cultured microorganism and anaerobic metabolites produced by the cultured microorganism. In particular, each of Compositions A, B, C, D, E, and F is a total fermentation lysate of a bacterial fermentation culture and comprises (i) components of the fermentation culture medium (or broth), (ii) cytoplasm of the lysed bacteria, and (iii) anaerobic (or fermentation) metabolites produced by the bacteria.

[0151] The differences between compositions A, B, C, D, E, and F are generally seen in the concentrations of various amino acids, minerals, and / or organic acids added to the fermentation product. Each of the fermentation product formulations (or compositions) lacks (substantially or completely) live microorganisms from the fermentation culture. The plant treatment products are applied in liquid form and are not bound or coated with granular urea or pellets or other urea nitrogen fertilizers (e.g., solid, granular, or pelletized form). In fact, each of the plant treatment products substantially lacked urea and other urea nitrogen fertilizers in solid, granular, or pelletized form (granular or pelletized). Each composition also contains amino acids, minerals, organic acids, lignosulfonic acid, seaweed extracts, and wetting agents / nonionic surfactants added to the solution.

[0152] To test the effectiveness of the plant treatment products of the present invention against sheath blight caused by the rice sheath blight fungus (Rhizoctonia solani), each plant treatment product (fungicide + composition A, composition B, or composition A + B), or the fungicide (alone), was applied to rice plants three times at a rate of 500 ml / ha under field conditions: 1) at the 4-5 leaf stage / start of tillering, 2) 10-14 days before inoculation with the sheath blight fungus, and 3) at the start of panicle formation. The tested fungicides contained the active chemical azoxystrobin at rates of 0.7 l / ha (100%) and 0.35 l / ha (50%). Plants were assigned a disease score from 0 to 9, where 0 meant the plant was not diseased and 9 meant the plant showed severe symptoms of the disease (i.e., withered leaves). See Tables 1-3. Surprisingly, statistically significant improvements in disease control compared to fungicide alone were obtained with each plant treatment product at both 100% and 50% fungicide concentrations. Therefore, the plant treatment products of the present invention can improve fungicide activity or the effectiveness of fungicide treatment. Table 1. Disease score of rice (sheath blight infection) under field conditions (TIFF2026139812000001.tif36169) Table 2. Disease score of rice (sheath blight infection) under field conditions (TIFF2026139812000002.tif37169) Table 3. Disease score of rice (sheath blight infection) under field conditions (TIFF2026139812000003.tif36169)

[0153] To test the effectiveness of the plant treatment product of the present invention against soybean rust (Asian) caused by the soybean rust fungus (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) and the corresponding soybean yield, the plant treatment product (Composition A + fungicide) or the fungicide component (alone) was applied to soybean plants under field conditions. Composition A was applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha during stage V4 and again together with the plant treatment component. The fungicide contains the active chemical substances azoxystrobin and soratenol at a rate of 0.3 kg / ha in R1, R2, R3, and R3 / R4. The test results were compared with an untreated control group. See Tables 4-5. Surprisingly, Composition A applied to the fungicide reduced the severity (%) of soybean disease and increased the yield (kg / ha) compared to the fungicide alone. Therefore, the plant treatment product of the present invention can improve fungicide activity or the effect of fungicide treatment and improve the yield associated with fungicide treatment. Similar test results were observed with fungicides containing the active chemicals prothioconazole and trifloxystrobin (data not shown). Table 4. Severity of soybean disease under field conditions (%) (Soybean rust infection) Table 5 of TIFF2026139812000005.tif20169. Soybean yield (kg / ha) under field conditions (infection with soybean rust fungus).

[0154] To test the effectiveness of the plant treatment product of the present invention against stripe rust caused by the wheat yellow rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis) and the corresponding wheat yield, the plant treatment product (Composition A + fungicide) or the fungicide component (alone) was applied to wheat plants under field conditions. Composition A was applied at a ratio of 0.5 l / ha during the 4-5 leaf stage and the second node stage, and mixed with the plant treatment component. The fungicide contained the active chemicals azoxystrobin and propiconazole at a concentration of 1 l / ha during the early panicle emergence stage. The test results were compared with an untreated control group. See Tables 6-7. Surprisingly, Composition A applied with the fungicide reduced the severity of wheat infection (%) and increased wheat yield (kg / ha) compared to the application of the fungicide alone. Therefore, the plant treatment product of the present invention can improve fungicide activity or the effectiveness of fungicide treatment and improve the yield associated with fungicide treatment. Table 6 of TIFF2026139812000006.tif20169 shows the severity of wheat disease under field conditions (%) (wheat yellow rust infection). Table 7 of TIFF2026139812000007.tif20169 shows wheat yield (kg / ha) under field conditions (wheat yellow rust infection).

[0155] To test the effectiveness of the plant treatment product of the present invention against gray leaf spot caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis in corn, and the corresponding corn yield, the plant treatment product (composition A + composition B + fungicide) or the fungicide component (alone) was applied to corn under field conditions. The plant treatment product was applied at a ratio of 7 fl oz / acre of composition A, 7 fl oz / acre of composition B, and 5.5 fl oz / acre of the plant treatment component, and the fungicide, which contains the active chemicals azoxystrobin and propiconazole, was compared with the application of the plant treatment component (fungicide containing the active chemicals azoxystrobin and propiconazole) alone at a ratio of 5.5 fl oz / acre. The test results were compared with an untreated control group. See Table 8. Surprisingly, the combination of the fungicide with compositions A and B reduced the infection severity (%) of corn compared to the fungicide alone. Therefore, the plant treatment product of the present invention can improve fungicide activity or the effect of fungicide treatment. Table 8 of TIFF2026139812000008.tif20169 shows the severity of corn disease (%) under field conditions (corn spot disease infection).

[0156] To test the effect of the plant treatment product of the present invention on weed survival in herbicide-resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) plants, the plant treatment product (Composition C + herbicide) or the herbicide component (alone) was applied to weeds under greenhouse conditions. The plant treatment product was applied to glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth plants up to approximately 15 cm in height at a ratio of 1 liter / ha of Composition C and 1.27 kg / ha of the active herbicide component, glyphosate (diluted with water and applied as a fine mist spray at a delivery rate of 260 liters / ha), and compared with the application of the herbicide alone. Dry bud and dry root yields were measured two weeks after application. The test results were compared with an untreated control group and the herbicide alone. See Tables 9-10. Surprisingly, composition C, which contains a herbicide, reduced the weight of buds and roots in herbicide-resistant plants compared to the application of the herbicide alone. Therefore, the plant treatment products of the present invention can enhance herbicide sensitivity in herbicide-resistant plants. Table 9 of Palmer's Amaranth buds per plant under greenhouse conditions (fresh weight / dry weight) TIFF2026139812000010.tif20169 Table 10. Fresh weight / dry weight of Palmer's amaranth roots per plant under greenhouse conditions

[0157] To test the effectiveness of the plant treatment product of the present invention against dollar spot (Sclerotina homoeocarpa) infection of creeping bentgrass, the plant treatment product (composition D + fungicide) or the fungicide component (alone) was applied to creeping bentgrass under greenhouse conditions. Composition D, formulated with a broad-spectrum fungicide containing the active chemical chlorothalonil at a reduced rate of 2.6 ounces / 1000 square feet, was applied to creeping bentgrass at a rate of 500 ml / ha and compared to the application of the fungicide alone at the full rate of 3.25 ounces / 1000 square feet. The test results were compared to an untreated control group. See Table 11. Surprisingly, Composition D, applied at a reduced amount of fungicide, reduced the severity (%) of infection to a level comparable to the full rate of application of the fungicide alone. Therefore, the plant treatment product of the present invention can achieve the full fungicidal effect with reduced application or use of chemical fungicides. Table 11. Infection severity (%) of creeping bentgrass under greenhouse conditions (infection by Sclerotina homoeocarpa, the bacterium that causes dollar spot disease)

[0158] The statistical significance of the test results is indicated by the letter (or combination of letters) index following each data number. Numbers within a row that do not share one or more letter indexes have a statistically significant difference. In other words, the difference between any two numbers in the same row is statistically significant. If two numbers do not share one or more letter indexes, calculate (P<0.05) using Fisher's protected LSD test (or least significant difference).

[0159] Additional compounding treatments were performed to illustrate the beneficial, biostimulating, protective, compensatory, and / or synergistic effects of the microbial fermentation products of this disclosure together with crop protection products (see Appendix). The compositions of the present invention in this disclosure yielded beneficial results, including surprising and unexpected results and the performance of combined plant treatment compositions. In particular, it was surprising and unexpected that the compositions of the present invention increased yields and reduced plant damage or injury caused by pesticides to the extent observed in the Appendix. In light of these data, the compositions of the present invention (i) exhibited improved performance and / or effects beyond what could be expected with combined additions, and / or (ii) enabled a reduction in pesticide use with better efficiency without (substantial or significant) loss of efficiency.

[0160] To further evaluate the outcomes of specific embodiments of the present disclosure, the bacterial fermentation products of the present disclosure were applied to a general application program to test rice herbicide damage resistance, weed control, grain yield, and milling quality. The tests were conducted in field in Crowley fine sandy loam soil (59% sand, 2% silt, 12% clay, 0.7% organic material, and pH 5.3). The field had been used for rice cultivation every three years for several years and was naturally overgrown with many weeds. The plots consisted of six 18-foot columns spaced 7.5 inches apart. The tests were conducted in a randomized completed block design containing four replicas. The tests consisted of six treatments (see Table 12 below). TIFF2026139812000012.tif95169 Table 12. Treatment details for herbicide resistance testing of rice. Code: * X = None. E = Composition E seed treatment, A = Composition A foliar spray, B = Composition B foliar spray. PRE = Before germination, POST = After germination, PD = Panic Differentiation, Boot = Panic Development, PF = Permanent Flood

[0161] Presidio rice varieties were drill-sown on April 5 at a rate of 70 lb / acre. Seeds 2, 4, 5, and 6 were treated with composition E at 2.3 ounces of product / CWT before planting. Compositions A and B were applied at 7 ounces of product / acre on May 1 (post-germination), June 2 (panicle differentiation stage, PD), and June 19 (panicle emergence stage) using a CO2-pressurized, portable sprayer equipped with three TeeJet 8002VS nozzles spaced 19 inches apart, moving 3 miles and delivering 29 gallons / acre at 40 psi. On April 6 (before germination), the herbicide Cromazon (13 oz product / acre) was applied to the plots. On May 1 (after germination), propanil (96 oz product / acre), thiobencarb (48 oz product / acre), and halosulfuron (1 oz product / acre) were applied. A plot in which no bacterial fermentation products were used was used as a control. All plots were treated with 50-50-50 (NPK) at 80 lb N / acre on April 4 and urea (46-O-O) at 80 lb N / acre on May 10 and June 2. Irrigation and other management practices followed local recommendations. On May 8, the severity of crop damage was visually assessed on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 = no damage and 100 = complete plant death. On May 8, the effectiveness of controlling broadleaf signalgrass, yellow nutsedges, and corngrass was also visually evaluated in comparison to control group treatment. Before harvest, the height of three randomly selected plants in each plot was measured. On August 1, rice was harvested from the four central rows of plants in each plot using a plot combine harvester. Grain yield and moisture content were measured, and the rice yield was adjusted to a moisture content of 12.0%. The milling quality of the whole and entire rice was also determined.

[0162] All disease and yield data were applied to analysis of variance using SAS® 9.4 (SAS Institute, Carey, North Carolina). Differences between treatment means were estimated using Fisher's protected minimum significance (LSD) test at P=0.05.

[0163] Pre-germination application of the herbicide Chromazon to Composition E seeds (Treatment (trt) 2) did not reduce the rate of crop damage compared to the control group treated with Chromazon alone (Treatment (trt) 1) (Table 13 below). However, pre-germination application of the herbicide Chromazon followed by post-germination application of Composition A or B, which is a combination of the herbicides propanil, thiobencarb, and halosulfuron (Treatments (trt) 4 and 5), significantly reduced the rate of crop damage compared to pre-germination and post-germination herbicide application alone (Treatment (trt) 3). The combined treatment of "Chromazon + Composition E PRE fb + Composition B + Composition A + Propanil + Thiobencarb + Halosulfuron" (Treatment (trt) 6) was also effective in reducing crop damage compared to pre-germination and post-germination herbicide application alone (Treatment (trt) 3). Table 13. Effects of fermentation product formulations on the control of crop damage and weeds (broadleaf signal grass, edible sedge, and pomegranate grass) in rice. Symbols: z - See Table 12 for more details on the treatment. y - According to Fisher's protected LSD test, the mean within the same letter column is not significantly different (p=0.05). x A p-value ≤ 0.05 indicates a significant difference between treatments.

[0164] None of the fermentation product treatments reduced the effectiveness of controlling broadleaf signal grass, edible sedge, or pomegranate grass (Table 13). No phytotoxicity was observed in rice treated with any of the treatments. Therefore, including the fermentation products of this disclosure in a typical herbicide application program is shown to be effective in reducing damage to rice crops after the application of chemical herbicides.

[0165] Additional pesticides, including herbicides, nematicides, and insecticides, were tested in combination with various compositions (fermented culture lysate compositions) of the Disclosure (data not shown). Additional exemplary pesticides include the active chemicals cyhalofop, profoxidim, asyfluorphen, clodinahop, and formulations thereof (e.g., asyfluorphen and clodinahop), and nematicides containing Bacillus licheniforms and Bacillus subtilis linhagem (QST713).

[0166] [Example 1] To test the effect of foliar application of the fermented culture lysate composition (biostimulant) of the present invention on soybean plants (soybean variety: "JS9560") stimulated by foliar application of the chemical herbicides acifluorfen and clodinafop, various field tests were conducted over time. See Figures 1A-5B. A herbicide formulation consisting of acifluorfen and clodinafop was applied to the control field (Figures 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A). A combination of the herbicide formulation consisting of acifluorfen and clodinafop (1000 ml / ha) and fermented culture lysate composition B (foliar application at 625 ml / ha) was applied to the test field (Figures 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B). The second application of composition B (foliar application at 625 ml / ha) was applied where indicated.

[0167] As shown in Figures 1A and 1B, foliar application of fermented culture lysate composition B (Figure 1B) in combination with a herbicide formulation composed of asifluorphen and clodinahop provided equivalent (though not superior) herbicidal activity / weed control after 8 days compared to a herbicide formulation composed of asifluorphen and clodinahop alone (Figure 1A). Therefore, foliar application of fermented culture lysate composition B does not suppress the herbicidal activity of the herbicide formulation composed of asifluorphen and clodinahop.

[0168] As shown in Figures 2A and 2B, foliar application of fermented culture lysate composition B (Figure 2B) combined with a herbicide formulation consisting of asifluorphen and clodinahop showed improved crop growth (plant and leaf size) 8 days after application compared to a herbicide formulation consisting of asifluorphen and clodinahop alone (Figure 2A). Figures 2A and 2B further show that foliar application of fermented culture lysate composition B (Figure 2B) combined with a herbicide formulation consisting of asifluorphen and clodinahop provided field-wide weed control activity comparable to that of a herbicide formulation consisting of asifluorphen and clodinahop alone (Figure 2A).

[0169] As shown in Figures 3A and 3B, 4A and 4B, and 5A and 5B, soybean plants treated with foliar application of fermented culture lysate composition B (Figures 3B and 4B) combined with a herbicide formulation consisting of asyfluorphene and clodinahop showed reduced leaf damage (reduced yellowing 6 days after application to upper leaves (Figure 3B), and reduced burning 8 days after application to upper leaves (Figure 4B)) compared with soybean plants treated with a herbicide formulation consisting of asyfluorphene and clodinahop alone. Note that soybean plants treated with a herbicide formulation consisting of asyfluorphene and clodinahop alone did not fully recover from plant (leaf) damage caused by the chemical pesticide after 18 days, as shown in the yellowed and burned lower leaves in Figure 4A.

[0170] Figures 3A, 3B, 4A, and 4B further show that soybean plants treated with fermented culture lysate composition B, which is a herbicide formulation composed of asyfluorphen and clodinahop, showed increased plant and leaf size (Figures 3B and 4B) compared to soybean plants treated with a herbicide formulation composed of asyfluorphen and clodinahop alone (Figures 3A and 4A).

[0171] In addition to the above, various characteristics of the treated soybean plants and the control soybean plants were generated at various time points after the application of the treatment or control composition. These observations were quantified in average metric units, with up to six plots, as shown in Tables 15 and 16 below. Table 15 of TIFF2026139812000014.tif53169. Effects of fermented culture lysate compositions on soybean plants stimulated by the application of herbicides containing acyfluorphene and clodinahop. * A single application of the control group or treatment composition shown was applied on day 0. ** The control group or the first application of the treatment composition shown was applied on day 0, followed by the second application of the treatment composition from day 18 onwards (treatment plot). Table 16. Effects of first and second applications of fermented culture lysate compositions on soybean plants stimulated by the application of herbicides containing acyfluorphene and clodina hop.

[0172] Accordingly, under field conditions, the simultaneous foliar application of asyfluorphen and clodina hop and fermented culture lysate composition as disclosed herein resulted in reduced crop damage (leaf damage), improved plant biomass (20-40% on average), increased pod production (19-64% on average), and increased yield (25-73% on average), compared to treatment with asyfluorphen and clodina hop herbicides alone.

[0173] [Example 2] Various field tests were conducted to examine the effect of the fermented culture lysate composition of the present invention on seed application to rice seedlings stimulated by post-germination application of the chemical herbicide halosulfuron. See Figures 6A-7B. A herbicide formulation composed of halosulfuron was treated in the control field (Figures 6A, 7A). The test field (Figures 6B, 7B) included seedlings treated with the herbicide formulation containing halosulfuron (after germination at 1800 ml / ha) from seeds treated with the fermented culture lysate composition E during planting (seed treatment at 150 ml / 100 kg of seeds).

[0174] As shown in Figures 6A and 6B, under field conditions, the application of fermented culture lysate composition E to rice seeds during planting (Figure 6B) improved seed vigor compared to the application of halosulfuron alone after germination (Figure 6A). As shown in Figures 7A and 7B, the application of halosulfuron after germination caused bleaching of (untreated) rice seedlings under field conditions (Figure 7A). The application of fermented culture lysate composition E to seeds during planting reduced the bleaching caused by the application of halosulfuron after germination and produced healthier rice seedlings (Figure 7B).

[0175] Therefore, the application of the bacterial fermentation composition according to this disclosure reduced the negative effects of halosulfuron herbicide application and improved seed vitality and health while maintaining weed control.

[0176] [Example 3] Field tests were conducted to examine the effect of foliar application of the fermented culture lysate composition of the present invention on rice plants stimulated by foliar application of the chemical herbicide propanil. See Figures 8 to 9B. A herbicide formulation composed of propanil was applied to the control field (Figure 8A, Figure 9A) (foliar application at 4000 ml / ha). The herbicide formulation composed of propanil and fermented culture lysate composition B were combined and applied to the test field (Figure 8B, Figure 9B) (foliar application at 500 ml / ha).

[0177] As shown in Figure 9A, rice plants sprayed with propanil showed symptoms of phytotoxicity 3 days after application. Simultaneous foliar application of propanil and fermented culture lysate composition B (Figure 9B) reduced phytotoxicity by 23% compared to propanil treatment alone (Figure 8A) (Figure 8B).

[0178] Therefore, the application of the bacterial fermentation composition according to this disclosure reduced the negative effects of propanil herbicide application and improved plant vitality and health while maintaining weed control.

[0179] [Example 4] Field trials were conducted to test the effects of foliar application or co-application of the fermented culture lysate composition of the present invention on rice (rice variety: "Presidio") stimulated by foliar application of halosulfuron and propanil, with and without seed application. See Figure 10. For the field trial design, six 5.5 m rows, 19.1 cm spacing, randomized completed block design, four replicas, were sown at 78 kg / ha. The chemical herbicides halosulfuron (foliar application at 75 ml / ha) and propanil (foliar application at 7 L / ha) were applied to the control field (Figure 10A). The following were applied to the test fields (Figure 10B, C, D): (B)(i) combination product of the chemical herbicide halosulfuron (foliar application at 75 ml / ha) and propanil (foliar application at 7 L / ha; (applied to dry fertilizer at 950 ml / ha)), and (ii) fermented culture lysate composition A (foliar application twice at 500 ml / ha each); (C)(iii) seeds treated with fermented culture lysate composition E during planting (seed treatment at 150 ml / 100 kg seeds), from (i) the chemical herbicide halosulfuron (foliar application at 75 ml / ha) and propanil (foliar application at 7 L / ha; (applied to dry fertilizer at 950 ml / ha)), and ( ii) Combination products of fermented culture lysate composition B (foliar application twice at 500 ml / ha each), (D)(iv) Seeds treated with fermented culture lysate composition E during planting (seed treatment at 150 ml / 100 kg of seeds), (i) chemical herbicides halosulfuron (foliar application at 75 ml / ha) and propanil (foliar application at 7 L / ha, (applied to dry fertilizer at 950 ml / ha)), (ii) fermented culture lysate composition B (foliar application twice at 500 ml / ha each), and (iii) combination products of fermented culture lysate composition A (foliar application twice at 500 ml / ha each).

[0180] As shown in Figure 10, (A) application of halosulfuron and propanil to rice caused 26.3% crop damage, (B) simultaneous foliar application (2X) of halosulfuron and propanil and fermented culture lysate composition A reduced crop damage by 14%, (C) simultaneous foliar application of halosulfuron and propanil and fermented culture lysate composition B after application of fermented culture lysate composition E to seeds during planting reduced rice damage by 24%, and (D) when all three fermented culture lysate compositions were applied (fermented culture lysate composition E was applied to seeds during planting, followed by simultaneous foliar application of halosulfuron and propanil and fermented culture lysate compositions B and A), the damage from halosulfuron and propanil was reduced by 25%. In Figure 10, 0 = no damage and 100 = complete plant death.

[0181] Accordingly, the application of the bacterial fermentation composition according to this disclosure reduced the negative effects of the application of halosulfuron and propanil herbicides, improving plant vitality and health while maintaining weed control.

[0182] [Example 5] Field tests were conducted to examine the effect of foliar application of the fermented culture lysate composition of the present invention on rice plants stimulated by foliar application of the chemical herbicide cyhalofop. See Figures 11 to 12B. A herbicide formulation composed of cyhalofop was applied to the control field (Figure 11A, Figure 12A) at a rate of 1500 ml / ha foliar application. A combination product of the herbicide formulation composed of cyhalofop (1500 ml / ha foliar application) and fermented culture lysate composition B (500 ml / ha foliar application) was applied to the test field (Figure 11B, Figure 12B).

[0183] As shown in Figure 12A, rice plants sprayed with cyhalofop showed symptoms of phytotoxicity three days after application. Simultaneous foliar application of cyhalofop and fermented culture lysate composition B reduced phytotoxicity by 10% compared to cyhalofop alone (Figure 11A) (Figure 11B).

[0184] Therefore, the application of the bacterial fermentation composition according to this disclosure reduced the negative effects of cyhalofop herbicide application and improved plant vitality and health while maintaining weed control.

[0185] [Example 6] Field tests were conducted to examine the effect of foliar application of the fermented culture lysate composition of the present invention on rice stimulated by foliar application of the chemical herbicide profoxidim. See Figures 13-14C. A herbicide formulation composed of profoxidim was applied to the control field (Figure 13A, Figure 14A). A combination product of (i) a herbicide formulation composed of profoxidim (foliar application at 750 ml / ha) and (ii) fermented culture lysate composition B (foliar application at 500 ml / ha), or a combination product of (i) a herbicide formulation composed of profoxidim (foliar application at 750 ml / ha), (ii) fermented culture lysate composition B (foliar application at 500 ml / ha), and (iii) fermented culture lysate composition F (foliar application at 500 ml / ha) was applied to the test field (Figure 13B, Figure 14B).

[0186] As shown in Figure 14A, rice plants sprayed with propoxidim showed symptoms of plant toxicity three days after application. Simultaneous foliar application of propoxidim and fermented culture lysate composition B (Figure 14B) reduced plant toxicity by 26% compared to propanil treatment alone (Figure 13A). Simultaneous foliar application of propoxidim and fermented culture lysate composition B and fermented culture lysate composition F (Figure 14C) reduced plant toxicity by 37% compared to propanil treatment alone (Figure 13A) (Figure 13C).

[0187] Therefore, the application of the bacterial fermentation composition according to this disclosure reduced the negative effects of the application of profoxidim herbicides and improved plant vitality and health while maintaining weed control. Tests were conducted to examine (1) the antioxidant activity of various fermented culture lysates compositions of the present invention and (2) the effects of various fermented culture lysates compositions of the present invention on the expression of genes related to the redox process. Some agricultural chemicals, including herbicides, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants as a secondary effect. ROS molecules can damage cell membranes and interfere with metabolism, thus reducing crop productivity.

[0188] As shown in Table 17, each of the four fermented culture lysate compositions of the present invention tested exhibited antioxidant activity and upregulation of genes related to the redox process. Therefore, one or more mechanisms of action of the fermented culture lysate compositions of the present invention are (1) directly supplying antioxidant activity and (2) enhancing the expression of genes related to ROS regulation, thereby reducing the phytotoxic effects of agricultural chemicals that cause oxidative stress in crops. Accordingly, the fermented culture lysate compositions of the present invention can reduce chemical stress caused by foliar application of agricultural chemicals (chemical herbicides). Table 17 of TIFF2026139812000016.tif57169 shows that each of the four fermentation culture lysate compositions of the present invention tested exhibited antioxidant activity and upregulated genes related to the redox process.

[0189] [Discussion] Without being bound by any particular theory, manufacturers of agricultural chemicals have long claimed that their chemicals have no adverse effects on plants and do not affect plant yields. However, this disclosure demonstrates that even if the above claims were true, the microbial fermentation (culture lysate) compositions of the present invention reduce plant damage caused by agricultural chemicals and improve plant growth and yield. Prior to this disclosure, it was unclear and / or unproven whether certain agricultural chemicals cause plant damage and / or reduce the potential for plant yield, and whether the microbial fermentation (culture lysate) compositions of the present invention reduce plant damage caused by agricultural chemicals and improve plant growth and yield. In particular, plants, individually and crops as a whole, are unpredictable organisms. While controlled in vitro studies are useful for formulating hypotheses, they do not always predict or reflect the complex nature of plant biology. Furthermore, the effect of reducing plant damage caused by a single agricultural chemical does not always reflect, for example, the general ability of a biostimulant to reduce plant damage caused by various agricultural chemicals. Embodiments of this disclosure demonstrate a significant reduction in damage to plants after application of agricultural chemicals and a substantial improvement in plant health indicators and harvest yields.

[0190] Without being bound by any theory, the beneficial effects of the plant treatment products of this disclosure may include, but are not limited to, disease / infection reduction, yield improvement, and / or increased susceptibility to herbicides, as well as molecular and / or biochemical effects of microbial fermentation products on plants treated with the plant treatment components, at least in part.

[0191] As described herein, various plant treatment components can provide beneficial effects to the plants to which they are applied. For example, chemical fungicides can reduce diseases caused by fungal infections, thereby reducing plant biomass and production losses and improving yields. However, chemical fungicides can also cause significant (non-biological) stress to plants. For example, the application of chemical fungicides can cause or induce changes in plant gene expression and other molecular and / or biochemical reactions. Embodiments of this disclosure can provide beneficial effects by mitigating certain negative or harmful effects of plant treatment components on plants. For example, embodiments of this disclosure have been shown to beneficially alter the gene expression (profile) of genes related to disease onset and oxidative stress (e.g., superoxide dismutase). Thus, plants to which the plant treatment products of the present invention are applied can enjoy the benefits of chemical plant treatment components while reducing negative or harmful (side effect) effects such as oxidative stress. Furthermore, the fermentation products of this disclosure can act synergistically with plant treatment components in providing beneficial insecticidal and plant growth properties.

[0192] The following is a list of exemplary embodiments and / or practices of the present disclosure. 1. A method for reducing plant damage caused by chemical pesticides and / or improving plant yield, the method being: A step of applying a bacterial fermentation product to seeds and / or seedlings and / or plants grown from said seeds, wherein the bacterial fermentation product comprises a liquid fermentation medium or broth, lysed bacteria or their cellular components, and anaerobic or fermentation metabolites, or anaerobically produced cellular metabolites; The step of applying a chemical pesticide to the seeds, seedlings, and / or plants; A step of cultivating the seeds, seedlings, and / or plants after applying the bacterial fermentation product and the chemical pesticide, and producing grown plants, wherein the bacterial fermentation product reduces plant damage caused by the chemical pesticide, improves biomass increase, and / or improves the yield of grown plants compared to seeds, seedlings, and / or plants treated with the chemical pesticide alone; and If necessary, the step of harvesting the grown plants and / or a portion of the grown plants; Methods that include... 2. The method according to paragraph 1, wherein the bacterial fermentation product and the chemical pesticide are applied to the seeds, seedlings, plants, and / or soil adjacent to the seeds, seedlings, or plants. 3. The method according to paragraph 1 or 2, wherein the bacterial fermentation product is preferably applied to the seeds at planting time, and the chemical pesticide is applied to the seeds, seedlings, plants, and / or soil adjacent to the seeds, seedlings, or plants, preferably by foliar application or furrow application, more preferably by foliar co-application or furrow co-application with the chemical pesticide. 4. The method according to paragraph 3, wherein the bacterial fermentation product is further applied to the seedlings, the plants, and / or the soil adjacent to the seedlings or the plants, preferably by foliar application or inter-row application, more preferably by simultaneous foliar application or inter-row application with the chemical pesticide. 5. The method according to item 1, wherein the seeds, seedlings, and plants are monocotyledons, preferably rice, and dicotyledons, preferably soybeans. 6. The method according to item 1, wherein the bacterial fermentation product and the chemical pesticide are each applied in liquid form. 7. The method according to item 1, wherein the bacterial fermentation product and the chemical pesticide are co-formulated into a liquid product. 8. The method according to item 1, wherein one or both of the bacterial fermentation product and the chemical pesticide are applied in a dry or solid form, preferably by seed coating and / or dusting. 9. The method according to item 8, wherein the bacterial fermentation product binds to a solid carrier to form a combination product, the combination product having a water content of less than about 25% by weight, preferably less than about 20% by weight, more preferably less than about 15% by weight, more preferably less than about 10% by weight, more preferably less than about 5% by weight, and more preferably less than about 2% by weight. 10. The method according to item 8, wherein the bacterial fermentation product is adsorbed onto the surface of the solid carrier and / or absorbed below the surface of the solid carrier. 11. The solid carrier is Preferably, one or more phyllosilicates selected from the group consisting of 1:1 clay mineral phyllosilicate, 2:1 clay mineral phyllosilicate, alietteite, attapulgite, bentonite, chlorite, dickite, halloysite, hectorite, illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, nacrite, nontronite, palygorskite, saponite, sauconite, sepiolite, serpentine, talc, vermiculite, and preparations thereof; Graphite; or Preferably, a plant or plant material or extract thereof, selected from the group consisting of soybean plants or plant-based materials or extracts thereof, seaweed plants or plant-based materials or extracts thereof, and pea plants or plant-based materials or extracts thereof; The method described in paragraph 9 or 10, including the method described in paragraph 9 or 10. 12. The method according to paragraph 1, wherein the lysed bacteria or their cellular components are lysed lactic acid bacteria or their cellular components. 13. The method according to item 1, wherein less than about 20% by weight, preferably less than about 15% by weight, more preferably less than about 10% by weight, more preferably less than about 5% by weight, more preferably less than about 2% by weight, and more preferably less than about 1% by weight of the biomass in the microbial fermentation product consists of living or viable microorganisms, and most preferably the microbial fermentation product is substantially free of living microorganisms. 14. The method according to item 1, wherein the bacterial fermentation product includes the total culture lysate of the bacterial fermentation culture. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bacterial fermentation product further comprises aerobically produced metabolites or aerobically produced cellular metabolites. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bacterial fermentation product comprises amino acids, peptides, hydrolyzed proteins, organic acids, carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, plant extracts, preferably seaweed extracts, wherein the seaweed preferably contains Ascophyllum nodosum, and further comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of seaweed extracts containing lignosulfonate, humic acid, fulvic acid, macronutrients, secondary nutrients, micronutrients, chelated minerals, complex minerals, vitamins, wetting agents, dispersants, and surfactants. 17. The method according to item 1, wherein the bacterial fermentation product and the chemical pesticide substantially do not contain urea or nitrogen-based fertilizers. 18. The method according to item 1, wherein the chemical pesticide is selected from the group consisting of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, antimicrobial agents, and nematicides. 19. The aforementioned chemical pesticides are Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACC), phenoxyphenoxypropionic ester, clodinafop, or clodinafop-propargyl; Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors, diphenyl ether, acifluorfen, or acifluorfen sodium; Acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS), preferably sulfonylurea, more preferably halosulfuron; Inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis, preferably thiourea, and more preferably thiobencarb (benthiocarb); Photosynthesis inhibitors, preferably propanil; An inhibitor of carotenoid biosynthesis, preferably isoxazolidinone, more preferably clomazone; Cyclohexanedione, preferably profoxydim; Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid, preferably cyhalofop; Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSPS), preferably glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) or sulfocate; and These preparations; The method described in item 1, selected from the group consisting of the following. 20. The aforementioned chemical pesticides are A first herbicide component comprising an acetolactate synthase inhibitor (ALS), preferably sulfonylurea, more preferably halosulfuron or halosulfuron-methyl; and A second herbicide component comprising a protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitor, preferably diphenyl ether, more preferably acifluorphen, and more preferably acifluorphen sodium; The method described in paragraph 1, including the method described in paragraph 1. 21. The aforementioned chemical pesticides are The first herbicide component contains halosulfuron; A second herbicide component comprising a photosynthesis inhibitor, preferably propanil; The method described in paragraph 1, including the method described in paragraph 1. 22. The aforementioned chemical pesticides are Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACCs), for example, Cyclohexenone oxime ethers, such as alloxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cyclooxydim, sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, butroxydim, clefoxydim, or tepraloxydim; Phenoxyphenoxypropionate esters, for example, clodinahoppropargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenthiapropethyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, isoxapyrifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl or quizalofop-tefuryl; or Arylaminopropionic acid, for example, flamprop-methyl or flamprop-isopropyl; Acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS), for example, Imidazolinone, for example, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazamemethabenz-methyl (imazame), imazamox, imazapic, or imazethapyr; Pyrimidyl ethers, such as pyrithiobac acid, pyrithiobac sodium, bispyribac sodium, KIH-6127, or pyribenzoxym; Sulfonamides, such as florasulam, flumetsulam, or metoslam; or, Sulfonylurea, such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, metosulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron Primisulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, foramsulfuron, or iodosulfuron; Amides, for example, Allidochlor (CDAA), benzoylprop-ethyl, bromobutide, chiorthiamid, diphenamide, etobenzanidibenzchloromet, fluthiamide, fosamin, or monalide; Auxin herbicides, for example Pyridinecarboxylic acids, such as clopyralid or picloram; or, 2,4-D or benazolin; Auxin transport inhibitors, for example, naptalame, or diflufenzopyr; Inhibitors of carotenoid biosynthesis, for example, Benzofenap, dimethazone, diflufenican, fluorochloridone, fluridone, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, mesotrione, sulcotrione (chlormesulone), ketospiradox, flurtamon, norflurazon, or amitrol; Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSPS), for example, Glyphosate or sulfoate; Glutamine synthase inhibitors, for example, Bilanafos (bialaphos), or glufosinate-ammonium; Inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis, for example, Anilide, for example, anilofos or mefenacet; Chloroacetanilide, for example, dimethenamid, S-dimethenamide, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, diethatyl-ethyl, dimethachlor, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor, or xylachlor; Thiourea, for example, butyrate, cycloate, di-allate, dimepiperate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, pebulate, prosulfocarb, thiobencarb (benchiocarb), trialate or vemolate; or, benfuresate, or perfluidone; Mitosis inhibitors, for example, Carbamates, such as asulam, carbetamide, chlorpropham, orbencarb, pronamid (propyzamid), propham, or tiocarbazil; Dinitroanilines, such as benefin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, or trifluralin; Pyridines, for example, dithiopyr or thiazopyr; or, Butamifos, chlorthal-dimethyl (DCPA), or maleic hydrazide; Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors, for example Diphenyl ethers, such as acylorphen, acylorphen sodium, acroniphen, bifenox, clomitrophen (CNP), ethoxyfen, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, or oxyfluorfen; Oxadiazole, for example, oxadiargyl, or oxadiazon; Cyclic imides, such as azaphenidin, butafenacil, carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumichlorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flupropacil, fluthiacet-methyl, sulfentrazone, or thidiazimin; or Pyrazoles, e.g., ET-751, JV485, or nipiraclofen; Photosynthesis inhibitors, such as propanil, pyridate, or pyridafol; Benzothiadiazinone, for example, bentazone; Dinitrophenol, for example, Bromofenoxime, dinoseb, dinoseb acetate, dinoterb, or DNOC; Dipyridylenes, such as cyperquat-chloride, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diquat, or paraquat dichloride; Urea, such as chlorbromuron, chlorotoluron, difenoxuron, dimefuron, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, isouron, linuron, metabenzthiazuron, methazole, metobenzuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, neburon, siduron, or tebuthiuron; Phenols, such as bromoxynil or ioxynil; Chloridazon; Triazines, such as ametrine, atrazine, cyanazine, desmein, dimethamethryn, hexazinone, prometon, proometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton, terbutryn, terbutylazine, or trietazine; Triazinone, for example, metamitron or metribuzin; Uracil, for example, bromacil, lenacil, or terbacil; or, Biscarbamate, for example, desmedipham or phenmedipham; Synergists, for example, Oxirane, for example, tridiphane; Cell wall synthesis inhibitors, such as isoxaben or diclobenil; Various other herbicides, for example, Dichloropropionic acid, for example, dalapon; Dihydrobenzofuran, for example, ethofumesate; Phenylacetic acid, for example, chlorfenac (fenac); or, Aziprotryn, Barban, Bensulide, Benzthiazuron, Benzofluor, Buminafos, Butidazole, Buturon, Cafenstrole, Chlorbufam, Chlorfenprop-methyl, Chloroxulo Chloroxuron, cinmethylin, cumyluron, cycluron, cyprazine, cyprazole, benzyluron, dipropetryn, dymron, eglinazin-ethyl, endothall, ethiozin, flucabazone (fl ucabazone), fluorbentranil, flupoxam, isocarbamide, isopropalin, karbutilate, mefluidide, monuron, napropamide, nappropanilide, nitralin, oxaciclomefone, pheny Phenisopham, piperophos, procyazine, profluralin, pyributicarb, secbumeton, sulfate (CDEC), terbucarb, triaziflam, triazofenamid, or trimeturon; and These environmentally friendly salts; and, These preparations; The method described in item 1, selected from the group consisting of the following. 23. The bacterial fermentation product and / or the chemical pesticide further comprises a plant growth regulator (PGR), preferably selected from the group consisting of hormones, preferably auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, brassinosterol, and formulations thereof, and / or The method according to claim 1, further comprising applying a plant growth regulator (PGR), preferably selected from the group consisting of hormones, preferably auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, brassinosterol, and formulations thereof, to the seeds, seedlings, and / or the plants. 24. A composition for use to reduce plant damage caused by chemical pesticides and / or to improve plant yield, wherein the composition comprises a bacterial fermentation product, Liquid fermentation medium or broth; Lysified bacteria or their cellular components; and Anaerobic or fermentation metabolites, or cellular metabolites produced anaerobically; A composition containing the following: 25. The composition according to item 24, further comprising a chemical pesticide. 26. The composition according to item 25, wherein the chemical pesticide is co-formulated with the bacterial fermentation product to form a liquid crop protection product. 27. The composition according to item 25, wherein the chemical pesticide is in a dry or solid form, the bacterial fermentation product is bound to a solid carrier to form a combination product, the combination product has a water content of less than about 25%, and the chemical pesticide and the combination product are mixed together to form a solid or dry crop protection product. 28. Plant treatment product, wherein the product is Preferably, a pesticide selected from the group consisting of fungicides, insecticides, non-insecticide pesticides, antimicrobial agents, and herbicides; and A bacterial fermentation product, preferably mixed with the pesticide, wherein the bacterial fermentation product includes the total culture lysate of the bacterial fermentation product; Includes, The aforementioned whole culture fermentation lysate is Fermentation culture medium; Lysified bacterial cytoplasm; and One or more anaerobic metabolic products of the aforementioned bacteria; Includes, The aforementioned bacterial fermentation product preferably substantially lacks live microorganisms, The plant treatment product is preferably a product that contains one or more nitrogen-based fertilizers, preferably substantially free of elements. 29. The product according to item 28, wherein the pesticide and the bacterial fermentation product are mixed together in liquid form. 30. The product according to item 28 or 29, further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, hydrolyzed proteins, organic acids, carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, plant extracts, lignosulfonic acids, humic acids and / or fulvic acids, macronutrients, secondary nutrients, micronutrients, chelated minerals, complex minerals, vitamins, humectants, dispersants, and surfactants. 31. Plant treatment products, As a plant treatment ingredient, Pesticides, and / or Plant treatment ingredients, including plant growth regulators (PGRs); As a microbial fermentation component, Preferably, one or more single-celled microorganisms, more preferably one or more bacteria, the cellular material of one or more microorganisms, One or more anaerobic metabolic products of one or more microorganisms, and Optionally, a microbial fermentation component comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, hydrolyzed proteins, organic acids, carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, plant extracts, lignosulfonic acids, humic acids and / or fulvic acids, macronutrients, secondary nutrients, micronutrients, chelated minerals, complex minerals, vitamins, humectants, dispersants, and surfactants; Products containing the above. 32. A plant treatment product, wherein the product is Plant treatment components selected from the group consisting of pesticides and plant growth regulators (PGRs); and As a microbial fermentation product, The microbial fermentation product is preferably one or more single-celled microorganisms, more preferably one or more bacteria, and comprises cellular material of one or more microorganisms. One or more anaerobic metabolic products of one or more microorganisms, Microbial fermentation products, including; Products containing the above. 33. One or more of the aforementioned pesticides contain one or more components selected from the group consisting of insecticides, non-insecticide pesticides, antibacterial agents, herbicides, and nematicides. The product according to item 32, wherein one or more of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) preferably include hormones selected from the group consisting of auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and brassinosterol. 34. The one or more antibacterial agents are one or more fungicides, fungicides, antibiotics, antiparasitic agents, or antiviral agents. The product according to paragraph 33, wherein one or more herbicides are one or more selective herbicides and one or more non-selective herbicides. 35. The product according to item 32, wherein the microbial fermentation product substantially does not contain one or more live microorganisms. 36. The product according to item 32, which substantially contains one or more fertilizers, preferably nitrogen-based fertilizers, more preferably elemental fertilizers and / or ammonium nitrate, more preferably granular urea and / or ammonium nitrate. 37. The microbial fermentation product is One or more species and / or strains of lactic acid bacteria, and optionally one or more additional microbial species and / or strains of cytoplasm; and The lactic acid bacteria, and optionally, one or more anaerobic metabolites of one or more additional microbial species and / or strains; The products described in section 32, including the products described in section 32. 38. The product according to item 32, wherein the microbial fermentation product comprises a total culture lysate of a microbial suspension culture, and the lysate comprises a microbial suspension culture medium, cellular material, and one or more metabolites. 39. The product according to item 32, further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, hydrolyzed proteins, organic acids, carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, plant extracts, preferably seaweed extracts, wherein the seaweed preferably contains Ascophyllum nodosum, lignosulfonic acid, humic acid, fulvic acid, macronutrients, secondary nutrients, micronutrients, chelated minerals, complex minerals, vitamins, humectants, dispersants, and surfactants. 40. The product according to item 32, further comprising a mixture of amino acids, minerals, and organic acids. 41. A method for producing a plant treatment product, the method comprising mixing a microbial fermentation product with a plant treatment component, wherein the plant treatment component is selected from the group consisting of pesticides and plant growth regulators (PGRs), and the microbial fermentation product is Preferably, the cellular material of one or more microorganisms, including one or more single-celled microorganisms; and One or more anaerobic metabolites of one or more microorganisms; Methods that include... 42. The microbial fermentation product comprises the total culture lysate of the bacterial fermentation culture, and optionally the total fermentation lysate of lactic acid bacteria and optionally one or more additional microbial species and / or strains, wherein the lysate is Bacteria, optionally cytoplasm of one or more species and / or strains of lactic acid bacteria; and One or more anaerobic metabolites of one or more species and / or strains of bacteria; The method described in paragraph 41, including the method described in paragraph 41. 43. A method for treating plants, wherein the method is To the aforementioned plant Plant treatment components selected from the group consisting of pesticides and plant growth regulators (PGRs); and As a microbial fermentation product, the microbial fermentation product is Preferably, the cellular material of one or more microorganisms, including one or more single-celled microorganisms; and A method that includes applying [something]. 44. A method for treating plants, soybeans and / or soil, wherein the method is: At least one of the plants, the seeds, or the soil, Plant treatment components; and As a microbial fermentation product, the microbial fermentation product is Preferably, the cellular material of one or more microorganisms, which are one or more unicellular microorganisms, and more preferably, one or more bacteria; and A method for applying a microbial fermentation product comprising one or more anaerobic metabolic products of one or more microorganisms. 45. The cellular material is the cellular material of a species or strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), optionally, the cellular material of one or more additional microbial species and / or strains; The method according to item 44, wherein one or more anaerobic metabolites are anaerobic metabolites of a species or strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), optionally, anaerobic metabolites of one or more additional microbial species and / or strains. 46. ​​The method according to item 44, wherein the plant treatment component and the microbial fermentation product are jointly applied to at least one of the plant, the seed, or the soil. 47. A plant treatment product, wherein the plant treatment product is The first herbicide component comprises an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor (ACC), preferably phenoxyphenoxypropionate ester, more preferably clodinahop, and more preferably clodinahoppropargyl; A second herbicide component comprising a protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitor, preferably diphenyl ether, more preferably asifluorphen, and more preferably asifluorphen sodium; and The bacterial fermentation product includes the total fermentation lysate of the bacterial fermentation culture; The aforementioned total culture lysate is: Fermentation culture medium; Lysified bacterial cytoplasm; and A bacterial fermentation product comprising one or more anaerobic metabolic products of the aforementioned bacteria; Plant treatment product. 48. The plant treatment product described in item 47, wherein the bacterial fermentation product substantially does not contain live microorganisms. 49. The plant treatment product according to item 47 or 48, which is substantially free of one or more nitrogenous fertilizers, preferably element and / or ammonium nitrate, more preferably granular urea and / or ammonium nitrate. 50. A plant treatment product, wherein the plant treatment product is Preferably, one or more herbicides selected from the group consisting of the following: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACC), phenoxyphenoxypropionate, clodinahop, or clodinahoppropargyl; Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors, diphenyl ether, acialorphen, or acialorphen sodium; Sulfonylurea or halosulfuron; Thiocarbamate or thiobencarb; Amide or propanyl; Isoxazolidinone or chromazon; Cyclohexanedione or profoxidim; Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid or cyhalofop; and The bacterial fermentation product includes the total culture lysate of the bacterial fermentation culture; The aforementioned total culture lysate is Fermentation culture medium; Lysified bacterial cytoplasm; A bacterial fermentation product comprising one or more anaerobic metabolic products of the aforementioned bacteria; and One or more additives selected from the group consisting of amino acids, minerals, organic acids, lignosulfonic acids, seaweed extracts, humectants, and nonionic surfactants; Plant treatment products, including 51. The plant treatment product according to item 50, wherein the plant treatment product is in liquid form. 52. The plant treatment product according to item 50, wherein the bacterial fermentation product substantially does not contain live microorganisms. 53. The plant treatment product according to item 50, wherein the plant treatment product is substantially free of one or more nitrogen-based fertilizers, preferably element and / or ammonium nitrate, more preferably granular urea and / or ammonium nitrate.

[0193] [Conclusion] The embodiments disclosed and / or described are not limiting and should be considered illustrative in all respects only. While various aspects, features, and embodiments are disclosed herein, other aspects, features, and embodiments may be contemplated but not disclosed. For example, certain well-known aspects, features, and embodiments are not described in particular detail herein to avoid obscuring the aspects of the embodiments described. However, these aspects, features, and embodiments are contemplated herein. Thus, embodiments of this disclosure can be carried out using many methods and components similar or equivalent to those described herein, although only certain components and methods are described herein.

[0194] This disclosure may also be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of this disclosure. While specific embodiments and details are included herein and in the appendix for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of this disclosure, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications of the methods, products, apparatus, and mechanisms disclosed herein are possible without departing from the scope of the invention or this disclosure as defined in the appendix claims. For example, various modifications and / or additions to the features illustrated herein, as well as additional applications of the principles shown herein, can be found by those skilled in the art, and the embodiments illustrated without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims should be considered within the scope of this disclosure.

[0195] It will be understood that certain embodiments (e.g., compositions, formulations, methods, etc.) may include, incorporate, or otherwise comprise features (e.g., properties, components, ingredients, elements, parts, portions, steps, etc.) described in other embodiments disclosed and / or described herein. Accordingly, various features of particular embodiments may be interchanged, combined, contained, and / or integrated with other embodiments of the present disclosure. Therefore, the disclosure of a particular feature in connection with one embodiment of the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the application or inclusion of that feature to only that embodiment. Rather, it will be understood that other embodiments may also include the feature without necessarily departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, unless a feature is described as requiring another feature in combination therewith, any feature herein may be combined with any other feature of the same or different embodiments disclosed herein.

[0196] Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. All modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced within their scope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0197] [Figure 1A] Fig. 1 is a diagram relating to foliar application of a herbicidal formulation consisting of acifluorfen and clodinafop alone. [Figure 1B] Fig. 2 is a diagram relating to foliar application of fermentation culture lysate composition B in combination with a herbicidal formulation consisting of acifluorfen and clodinafop. [Figure 2A] Fig. 3 is a diagram relating to foliar application of a herbicidal formulation consisting of acifluorfen and clodinafop alone. [Figure 2B] Fig. 4 is a diagram relating to foliar application of fermentation culture lysate composition B in combination with a herbicidal formulation consisting of acifluorfen and clodinafop. [Figure 3A] Fig. 5 is a diagram relating to soybean plants treated by foliar application with a herbicidal formulation consisting of acifluorfen and clodinafop alone. [Figure 3B]This figure shows soybean plants treated by foliar application of fermented culture lysate composition B, which is combined with a herbicide formulation consisting of asyfluorphene and clodina hop. [Figure 4A] This figure shows soybean plants treated with foliar application of a herbicide formulation consisting of asyfluorfen and clodina hop alone. [Figure 4B] This figure shows soybean plants treated by foliar application of fermented culture lysate composition B, which is combined with a herbicide formulation consisting of asyfluorphene and clodina hop. [Figure 5A] This figure shows soybean plants treated with foliar application of a herbicide formulation consisting of asyfluorfen and clodina hop alone. [Figure 5B] This figure shows soybean plants treated by foliar application of fermented culture lysate composition B, which is combined with a herbicide formulation consisting of asyfluorphene and clodina hop. [Figure 6A] This figure shows rice seedlings stimulated by post-germination application of the chemical herbicide halosulfon. [Figure 6B] This figure shows seedlings treated with a herbicide formulation containing halosulfuron (after germination at 1800 ml / ha) from seeds treated with fermented culture lysate composition E during planting (seed treatment at 150 ml / 100 kg of seeds). [Figure 7A] This figure shows rice seedlings stimulated by post-germination application of the chemical herbicide halosulfon. [Figure 7B] This figure shows seedlings treated with a herbicide formulation containing halosulfuron (after germination at 1800 ml / ha) from seeds treated with fermented culture lysate composition E during planting (seed treatment at 150 ml / 100 kg of seeds). [Figure 8] This figure shows rice plants stimulated by foliar application of the chemical herbicide propanil, and then treated with a combination of a herbicide formulation composed of propanil and a fermented culture lysate composition B. [Figure 9A] This is a diagram showing rice plants stimulated by foliar application of the chemical herbicide propanil. [Figure 9B]This figure shows rice treated with a combination of a herbicide formulation composed of propanil and a fermented culture lysate composition B. [Figure 10] This figure illustrates the application of the fermented culture lysate composition of the present invention to rice plants (rice variety: "Presidio") stimulated by foliar application of halosulfuron and propanil, with and without seed application of the fermented culture lysate composition of the present invention, via foliar application or co-application. [Figure 11] This figure illustrates the application of the fermented culture lysate composition of the present invention as a foliar spray to rice plants stimulated by foliar application of the chemical herbicide cyhalofop. [Figure 12A] This figure shows rice plants stimulated by foliar application of the chemical herbicide cyhalofop. [Figure 12B] This figure illustrates the application of the fermented culture lysate composition of the present invention as a foliar spray to rice plants stimulated by foliar application of the chemical herbicide cyhalofop. [Figure 13] This figure shows the treatment of rice plants stimulated by a herbicide formulation composed of profoxidim (foliar application at 750 ml / ha) with a combination product of fermented culture lysate composition F (foliar application at 500 ml / ha) in a test field. [Figure 14A] This figure shows rice plants stimulated by a herbicide formulation composed of profoxidim (applied as a foliar spray at 750 ml / ha). [Figure 14B] This figure illustrates the simultaneous foliar application of profoxidim and fermented culture lysate composition B to rice plants stimulated by a herbicide formulation composed of profoxidim (applied as a foliar spray at 750 ml / ha). [Figure 14C] This figure illustrates the simultaneous foliar application of fermented culture lysate composition B and fermented culture lysate composition F to rice plants stimulated by a herbicide formulation composed of profoxidim (applied as a foliar spray at 750 ml / ha).

Claims

[Claim 1] A method for reducing plant damage caused by chemical pesticides and / or improving plant yields, The aforementioned method, A step of applying a bacterial fermentation product to seeds and / or seedlings and / or plants grown from said seeds, wherein the bacterial fermentation product comprises a liquid fermentation medium or broth, lysed bacteria or their cellular components, and anaerobic or fermentation metabolites, or anaerobically produced cellular metabolites; The step of applying a chemical pesticide to the seeds, seedlings, and / or plants; A step of cultivating the seeds, seedlings, and / or plants after applying the bacterial fermentation product and the chemical pesticide to produce grown plants, wherein the bacterial fermentation product reduces plant damage caused by the chemical pesticide, improves biomass increase, and / or improves the yield of grown plants compared to seeds, seedlings, and / or plants treated with the chemical pesticide alone; and If necessary, the step of harvesting the grown plants and / or a portion of the grown plants; Methods that include...

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