Electronic light-adjusting elements, eyeglass lenses, and eyeglasses

Abstract

To provide an electronic dimming element that can suppress static charge and moisture ingress in a portion of a resin substrate that does not have a transparent electrode, while ensuring the insulation of the transparent electrode, and to provide eyeglass lenses and eyeglasses equipped with such an electronic dimming element. [Solution] The electronic dimming element of the present invention comprises a first resin substrate and a second resin substrate, an electrochromic functional part, a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode, a sealing part that seals the outside of the electrochromic functional part, a first conductive layer provided on the first resin substrate and insulated from the first transparent electrode, and a second conductive layer provided on the second resin substrate and insulated from the second transparent electrode, wherein when the first resin substrate is viewed from above, the first conductive layer is provided in a region different from the first transparent electrode, and when the second resin substrate is viewed from above, the second conductive layer is provided in a region different from the second transparent electrode.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to an electronic dimming element, eyeglass lenses, and eyeglasses. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses an electrochromic element having a pair of substrates, an electrochromic medium disposed between them, and transparent electrodes provided on each substrate. When a voltage is applied to the transparent electrodes, the transmittance of the compound in the electrochromic medium changes. This allows the amount of light passing through the electrochromic element to be adjusted. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-167317 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] In such electrochromic devices, when forming the lead electrodes, instead of providing transparent electrodes across the entire surface of each substrate, areas without transparent electrodes may be created. This prevents short circuits between the lead electrodes and the transparent electrodes, which have opposite polarities.

[0005] On the other hand, when a resin substrate is used as the substrate, the water vapor shielding performance decreases in areas where transparent electrodes are not provided. This makes it easier for moisture to penetrate through these areas, leading to a decrease in the performance of the electrochromic medium.

[0006] Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a conventional electrochromic element 91. The electrochromic element 91 shown in Figure 11 comprises resin substrates 911 and 912, transparent electrodes 913 and 914, an EC function section 960 (electrochromic function section), a sealing section 955, auxiliary electrodes 915 and 916, and lead electrodes 953 and 954. The resin substrates 911 and 912 are arranged parallel to each other. In the following description, the space between the resin substrates 911 and 912 is referred to as the "inside," and the surfaces of the resin substrates 911 and 912 facing the inside are referred to as the "inner surfaces."

[0007] Inside the resin substrates 911 and 912, a transparent electrode 913, an EC function unit 960, and a transparent electrode 914 are arranged in this order. When a voltage is applied to the EC function unit 960 via the transparent electrodes 913 and 914, the transmittance of the EC function unit 960 changes.

[0008] The auxiliary electrode 915 and the lead electrode 953 are electrically connected to the transparent electrode 913. The auxiliary electrode 916 and the lead electrode 954 are electrically connected to the transparent electrode 914. The sealing portion 955 is provided inside the resin substrate 911 and the resin substrate 912 and is arranged to surround the EC function portion 960.

[0009] In the electrochromic element 91 with this configuration, a portion 991 is formed on the inner surface of the resin substrate 911 where the transparent electrode 913 is not provided, in order to prevent a short circuit between the transparent electrode 913 and the lead electrode 954. Similarly, a portion 992 is formed on the inner surface of the resin substrate 912 where the transparent electrode 914 is not provided, in order to prevent a short circuit between the transparent electrode 914 and the lead electrode 953. For this reason, in the conventional electrochromic element 91 shown in Figure 11, moisture W can easily penetrate through portions 991 and 992.

[0010] Furthermore, in the sections 991 and 992 where transparent electrodes are not provided, the resin substrate is prone to becoming charged, raising concerns about the adhesion of foreign matter due to this charge.

[0011] The object of the present invention is to provide an electronically controlled light-adjusting element that can suppress static charge and moisture ingress in a portion of a resin substrate while ensuring the insulation of the transparent electrode by forming a portion of the resin substrate without a transparent electrode, as well as eyeglass lenses and eyeglasses equipped with such an electronically controlled light-adjusting element. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] These objectives are achieved by the present invention as described in (1) to (24) below. (1) First resin substrate and second resin substrate, An electrochromic functional section provided between the first resin substrate and the second resin substrate, A first transparent electrode is provided between the first resin substrate and the electrochromic functional part, and a second transparent electrode is provided between the second resin substrate and the electrochromic functional part, A sealing portion is provided between the first resin substrate and the second resin substrate, and seals the outside of the electrochromic functional portion, A first conductive layer provided on the first resin substrate and insulated from the first transparent electrode, and a second conductive layer provided on the second resin substrate and insulated from the second transparent electrode, Equipped with, When the first resin substrate is viewed in plan view, the first conductive layer is provided in a region different from the first transparent electrode. An electronic dimming element characterized in that, when the second resin substrate is viewed in plan view, the second conductive layer is provided in a region different from the second transparent electrode.

[0013] (2) The first conductive layer is the electronic dimming element described in (1) above, provided between the first resin substrate and the sealing portion.

[0014] (3) The first conductive layer is provided on the side of the first resin substrate opposite to the sealing portion, as described in (1) above.

[0015] (4) comprising a first auxiliary electrode connected to said first transparent electrode, said first auxiliary electrode having higher electrical conductivity than said first transparent electrode, The electronic dimming element according to any one of the above (1) to (3), wherein when said first auxiliary electrode is viewed in plan through said first resin substrate, said second conductive layer is provided at a position overlapping with said first auxiliary electrode.

[0016] (5) The electronic dimming element according to any one of the above (1) to (4), wherein said first conductive layer and said first transparent electrode are made of the same constituent material as each other.

[0017] (6) The electronic dimming element according to any one of the above (1) to (5), comprising a first extraction electrode connected to said first transparent electrode and exposed to the outside, and a second extraction electrode connected to said second transparent electrode and exposed to the outside.

[0018] (7) The electronic dimming element according to the above (6), wherein said first extraction electrode penetrates both of said first resin substrate and said second resin substrate, or either one of said first resin substrate or said second resin substrate, and said sealing portion.

[0019] (8) The electronic dimming element according to the above (7), wherein said second extraction electrode penetrates both of said first resin substrate and said second resin substrate, or either one of said first resin substrate or said second resin substrate, and said sealing portion.

[0020] (9) The electronic dimming element according to the above (6), wherein said first extraction electrode is provided outside said sealing portion.

[0021] (10) comprising a first auxiliary electrode connected to said first transparent electrode, said first auxiliary electrode having higher electrical conductivity than said first transparent electrode, The electronic dimming element according to the above (9), wherein said first extraction electrode is connected to said first auxiliary electrode.

[0022] (11) The electronic dimming element described in (10) above, wherein the connection portion between the first lead electrode and the first auxiliary electrode has a mutually interlocking concave and concave shape.

[0023] (12) The electronic dimming element according to (10) above, wherein the thickness of the first auxiliary electrode is 500 nm or more.

[0024] (13) The second lead electrode is the electronic dimming element described in (9) above, which is provided on the outside of the sealing portion.

[0025] (14) A second auxiliary electrode connected to the second transparent electrode and having higher conductivity than the second transparent electrode, The second lead electrode is the electronic dimming element described in (13) above, which is connected to the second auxiliary electrode.

[0026] (15) The connection between the second lead electrode and the second auxiliary electrode has a mutually interlocking concave and concave shape, as described in (14) above.

[0027] (16) The electronic dimming element according to (14) above, wherein the thickness of the second auxiliary electrode is 500 nm or more.

[0028] (17) The first lead electrode is connected to the second conductive layer, an electronic dimming element according to any one of (6) to (16) above.

[0029] (18) The second lead electrode is connected to the first conductive layer, as described in (17) above.

[0030] (19) When the first resin substrate is viewed in plan view, the total area ratio of the portion of the first transparent electrode and the first conductive layer that overlaps with the sealing portion is 92.00% or more. An electronic dimming element according to any one of (1) to (16) above, wherein, when the second resin substrate is viewed in plan view, the total area ratio of the portion where the second transparent electrode and the second conductive layer overlap with the sealing portion is 92.00% or more.

[0031] (20) The first resin substrate is an electronic dimming element according to any one of (1) to (19) above, with polycarbonate resin or polyamide resin as the main material.

[0032] (21) The second resin substrate is an electronic dimming element as described in (20) above, with polycarbonate resin or polyamide resin as the main material.

[0033] (22) The first resin substrate and the second resin substrate are each bent electronic dimming elements according to any one of (1) to (21) above.

[0034] (23) An eyeglass lens characterized by comprising an electronic light-adjusting element as described in any of (1) to (22) above. (24) Eyeglasses characterized by being equipped with the eyeglass lenses described in (23) above. [Effects of the Invention]

[0035] According to the present invention, an electronic dimming element can be obtained that suppresses short circuits of the transparent electrodes while suppressing moisture intrusion and charging in the resin substrate by forming a portion in which the transparent electrodes are not provided.

[0036] Furthermore, according to the present invention, eyeglass lenses and eyeglasses equipped with the above-mentioned electronic dimming element can be obtained. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0037] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view showing sunglasses (eyeglasses according to an embodiment) equipped with a first electrochromic element (electronically controlled light element according to an embodiment) and a second electrochromic element (electronically controlled light element according to an embodiment). [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the first lens. [Figure 3] This is a cross-sectional view showing the first electrochromic element. [Figure 4] Figure 3 shows an exploded perspective view of the first electrochromic element. [Figure 5] This figure shows an example of a manufacturing method for the first lens. [Figure 6] This is a cross-sectional view showing a first electrochromic element, which is a first modified example of the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment. [Figure 7] Figure 6 shows an exploded perspective view of the first electrochromic element. [Figure 8] This is an exploded perspective view of a first electrochromic element, which is a second modified example of the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment. [Figure 9] This is a cross-sectional view showing a first electrochromic element, which is a third modified example of the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment. [Figure 10] This is a cross-sectional view showing a first electrochromic element, which is a fourth modified example of the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment. [Figure 11] This is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a conventional electrochromic element. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0038] Hereinafter, the electronic dimming element, eyeglass lens, and eyeglasses according to the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0039] 1. Configuration of the electronic dimming element Figure 1 is a perspective view showing sunglasses 100 (eyeglasses according to an embodiment) equipped with a first electrochromic element 1 (electronically dimmable element according to an embodiment) and a second electrochromic element 2 (electronically dimmable element according to an embodiment).

[0040] The sunglasses 100 shown in Figure 1 comprises a frame 20, a first lens 31 (a spectacle lens according to the embodiment), a second lens 32 (a spectacle lens according to the embodiment), and a control unit 40. In the following description, when the sunglasses 100 are worn on the user's head, the user-facing side of the first lens 31 and the second lens 32 will be referred to as the "back," and the opposite side as the "front." In the following description, "lens" includes not only optical elements that have the function of focusing or diverging light, but also optical elements that simply have the function of transmitting light.

[0041] 1.1. Frame The frame 20 shown in Figure 1 has two rim sections 21, 21, a bridge section 22, two temple sections 23, 23, and two nose pad sections 24, 24.

[0042] The frame 20 is attached to the user's head, and the first lens 31 and the second lens 32 are positioned near the user's eyes.

[0043] Each rim portion 21 is ring-shaped. A first lens 31 is fitted inside one rim portion 21, and a second lens 32 is fitted inside the other rim portion 21.

[0044] The bridge section 22 is rod-shaped and connects the rim sections 21 together. Each temple portion 23 is shaped like a lisp, with one end connected to each rim portion 21 and the other end being a free end.

[0045] Furthermore, a control unit 40 is provided in the temple portion 23. The control unit 40 applies voltage to the first lens 31 and the second lens 32 and controls their operation.

[0046] The nose pad portion 24 is provided on the edge of each rim portion 21 and is supported by the nose of the wearer of the sunglasses 100.

[0047] The constituent materials of the frame 20 are not particularly limited, but examples include various metal materials, various resin materials, etc. Alternatively, composite materials containing these materials may also be used.

[0048] The shape of the frame 20 is not limited to the illustrated shape, as long as it can be worn on the user's head. For example, the rim portion 21 and the temple portion 23 may be omitted. Alternatively, the entire frame 20 may be omitted, and the first lens 31 and the second lens 32 may be used individually.

[0049] The electronic dimming element according to the present invention may be used in eyeglasses other than sunglasses, such as prescription glasses, fashion glasses, goggles, etc.

[0050] 1.2. First lens and second lens Next, the first lens 31 and the second lens 32 will be described.

[0051] As shown in Figure 1, the first lens 31 has a first electrochromic element 1 (an electronically controlled light-adjusting element according to the embodiment). The second lens 32 has a second electrochromic element 2 (an electronically controlled light-adjusting element according to the embodiment) that is different from the first electrochromic element 1. The first lens 31 will be described below, but since the following description is also applicable to the second lens 32, the description of the second lens 32 will be omitted.

[0052] The first lens 31 shown in Figure 1 is a curved plate that protrudes toward the front. In other words, the first lens 31 is given a lens curve of a predetermined curvature. Furthermore, the first lens 31 is light-transmitting. As a result, the user of the sunglasses 100 can see the outside world through the first lens 31.

[0053] Figure 2 is a perspective view of the first lens 31 shown in Figure 1. The first lens 31 shown in Figure 2 comprises a first electrochromic element 1 and a resin layer 35 provided on its back surface. The first lens 31 shown in Figure 2 is manufactured, for example, by bending the first electrochromic element 1 as needed, and then injection molding the resin layer 35 so that it is in contact with the first electrochromic element 1.

[0054] The first electrochromic element 1 has the function of emitting color when a voltage is applied. Furthermore, by switching the voltage application state, it is possible to reversibly switch between emitting and emitting color. The power required for the operation of the first electrochromic element 1 is supplied from the control unit 40 located in the temple section 23. The control unit 40 is also responsible for switching the voltage application state.

[0055] For example, when sunglasses 100 are used, the amount of light (transmittance) passing through the first lens 31 can be controlled by switching the color-emitting and decolorizing states of the first electrochromic element 1, or by changing the color intensity. The operation of applying voltage to the first electrochromic element 1 to increase the color intensity is called the "color-emitting operation." After the color-emitting operation, if the voltage application is stopped and the electrochromic circuit of the first electrochromic element 1 is opened, the color intensity is maintained by the memory effect of the first electrochromic element 1. The operation of opening the electrochromic circuit is called the "holding operation." Subsequently, if necessary, the electrochromic circuit is short-circuited to eliminate the color-emitting state and decolorize the lens. The operation of short-circuiting the electrochromic circuit is called the "decolorization operation."

[0056] The resin layer 35 is located on the back side of the first electrochromic element 1. This resin layer 35 may have a light-gathering function or a light-diffusing function. In other words, the resin layer 35 may be an optical element that has the function of a lens for eyeglasses. As a result, the first lens 31 having the first electrochromic element 1 and the resin layer 35 contributes to the realization of sunglasses 100 that have both a function to correct the user's vision and a photochromic function.

[0057] Examples of constituent materials for the resin layer 35 include thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, and photocurable resins. The resin layer 35 may use one of these materials, or a combination of two or more.

[0058] The constituent materials of the resin layer 35 include, for example, polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and ethylene-propylene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, poly-(4-methylpentene-1), ionomer, acrylic resin, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS resin), acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (AS resin), butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and other polyesters. Examples include polyethers, polyether ketones (PEK), polyether ether ketones (PEEK), polyetherimides, polyacetals (POM), polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, aromatic polyesters (liquid crystal polymers), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, other fluoropolymers, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, urea resins, melamine resins, silicone resins, polyurethanes, etc., or copolymers, blends, polymer alloys, etc., mainly composed of these.

[0059] The thickness of the resin layer 35 is preferably 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, and more preferably 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm. By setting the thickness of the resin layer 35 within the above range, it is possible to achieve both high strength and lightweight properties for the first lens 31.

[0060] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the first electrochromic element 1. The first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 3 comprises a first resin substrate 11, a second resin substrate 12, a first transparent electrode 13, a second transparent electrode 14, an EC function part 60 (electrochromic function part), a sealing part 55, a first auxiliary electrode 15, a second auxiliary electrode 16, a first conductive layer 51, a second conductive layer 52, a first lead electrode 53, and a second lead electrode 54.

[0061] The EC function unit 60 is provided between the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12. The first transparent electrode 13 is provided between the first resin substrate 11 and the EC function unit 60. The second transparent electrode 14 is provided between the second resin substrate 12 and the EC function unit 60. The sealing unit 55 is provided between the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12 and seals the outside of the EC function unit 60. The first conductive layer 51 is a conductive layer provided on the first resin substrate 11 and is insulated from the first transparent electrode 13. The second conductive layer 52 is a conductive layer provided on the second resin substrate 12 and is insulated from the second transparent electrode 14. Furthermore, when the first resin substrate 11 is viewed from above, the first conductive layer 51 is provided in a different region from the first transparent electrode 13. Furthermore, when the second transparent electrode 14 is viewed from above, the second conductive layer 52 is provided in a different region from the second transparent electrode 14.

[0062] With this configuration, the first conductive layer 51, together with the first transparent electrode 13, reduces the surface resistance of the first resin substrate 11 and suppresses the charging of the first resin substrate 11. Similarly, the second conductive layer 52, together with the second transparent electrode 14, reduces the surface resistance of the second resin substrate 12 and suppresses the charging of the second resin substrate 12. This suppresses the occurrence of malfunctions in the first electrochromic element 1 due to charging. Furthermore, because the first conductive layer 51 is conductive, the density of its constituent materials is high and it has excellent water vapor shielding properties. Therefore, by providing the first conductive layer 51, water vapor shielding properties can be provided to the portion of the first resin substrate 11 where the first transparent electrode 13 is not provided. Similarly, because the second conductive layer 52 is conductive, the density of its constituent materials is high and it has excellent water vapor shielding properties. Therefore, by providing the second conductive layer 52, water vapor shielding properties can be provided to the portion of the second resin substrate 12 where the second transparent electrode 14 is not provided. As a result, the intrusion of moisture through the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12 can be suppressed, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the performance of the EC function unit 60 due to moisture.

[0063] Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 3. Figure 4 shows the first resin substrate 11, the second resin substrate 12, the first transparent electrode 13, the second transparent electrode 14, the EC functional part 60, the sealing part 55, the first auxiliary electrode 15, the second auxiliary electrode 16, the first conductive layer 51, and the second conductive layer 52, all exploded in the thickness direction, as well as the first lead electrode 53 and the second lead electrode 54, which are arranged to penetrate each of these layers. For the sake of explanation, in Figure 4, the cross-section of the first lead electrode 53 is shaded in each layer electrically connected to the first lead electrode 53. Similarly, the cross-section of the second lead electrode 54 is shaded in each layer electrically connected to the second lead electrode 54.

[0064] Furthermore, although the external shape of the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 4 is rectangular, it may be any shape such as a perfect circle, ellipse, oblong, or polygon.

[0065] 1.2.1. First resin substrate The first resin substrate 11 supports other components such as the EC function unit 60. Furthermore, the first resin substrate 11 forms the outermost layer of the first electrochromic element 1, protecting the EC function unit 60 and other components.

[0066] The constituent material of the first resin substrate 11 is not particularly limited as long as it is a transparent resin material, but a material containing a thermoplastic transparent resin is preferred.

[0067] The thermoplastic transparent resin is not particularly limited, but examples include acrylic resins, polystyrene resins, polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, polyester resins (polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), etc.), polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, cycloolefin resins, vinyl chloride resins, polyacetal resins, cellulose resins, etc., and one or more of these can be used. Among these, the transparent resin is preferably a polycarbonate resin or a polyamide resin. In other words, the first resin substrate 11 is preferably made of a polycarbonate resin or a polyamide resin as its main material. The main material means that it accounts for more than 50% by mass of the constituent materials of the first resin substrate 11.

[0068] Polycarbonate resins have excellent mechanical properties such as transparency, rigidity, and impact resistance, thus improving the transparency and impact resistance of the first resin substrate 11. Furthermore, since polycarbonate resins have a specific gravity of approximately 1.2, they are classified as lightweight among resin materials, contributing to the weight reduction of the first resin substrate 11.

[0069] The polycarbonate resin is preferably an aromatic polycarbonate resin. Since the main chain of the aromatic polycarbonate resin contains aromatic rings, the mechanical properties of the first resin substrate 11 can be further enhanced.

[0070] Aromatic polycarbonate resins are synthesized, for example, by interfacial polycondensation reactions between bisphenol and phosgene, or by transesterification reactions between bisphenol and diphenyl carbonate.

[0071] Examples of bisphenols include bisphenol A and bisphenol (modified bisphenol) which is the origin of the repeating units of polycarbonate shown in formula (1A) below.

[0072] [ka] (In formula (1A), X is an alkyl group, aromatic group, or cyclic aliphatic group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; Ra and Rb are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; m and n are each integers from 0 to 4; and P is the number of repeating units.)

[0073] Examples of bisphenols that originate from the repeating units of the polycarbonate shown in formula (1A) above include, for example, 4,4'-(pentane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, 4,4'-(pentane-3,3-diyl)diphenol, 4,4'-(butane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, 1,1'-(cyclohexanediyl)diphenol, 2-cyclohexyl-1,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzene, 2,3-biscyclohexyl-1,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzene, 1,1'-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cyclohexane, and 2,2'-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propane, and one or more of these can be used in combination.

[0074] In particular, a bisphenol-type polycarbonate resin having a bisphenol-derived skeleton is preferably used as the polycarbonate resin. By using a bisphenol-type polycarbonate resin, the mechanical properties of the first resin substrate 11 can be further improved.

[0075] Polyamide resins offer excellent transparency, mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and stress resistance, thereby improving the transparency, impact resistance, and reliability of the first resin substrate 11.

[0076] Examples of polyamide resins include semi-aromatic polyamide resins and alicyclic polyamide resins. Semi-aromatic polyamides have a particularly high elastic modulus. Therefore, a first resin substrate 11 with excellent resistance to stress such as bending can be realized. Alicyclic polyamide resins have particularly excellent impact resistance. Therefore, the impact resistance of the first resin substrate 11 can be enhanced.

[0077] Semi-aromatic polyamide resins are polyamides in which one of the monomers constituting the polyamide, dicarboxylic acid or diamine, is an aromatic compound, and the other is an aliphatic compound. Examples of semi-aromatic polyamide resins include resins having repeating units represented by the following formula (1B).

[0078] [ka] (R in equation (1B)) 1 and R 2 (where one substituent is a divalent aromatic substituent and the other is a divalent aliphatic substituent, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 2.)

[0079] Furthermore, the polyamide may be a copolymer (random copolymer, block copolymer, etc.) in which at least one of the dicarboxylic acid and diamine contains two or more monomers.

[0080] The aromatic substituent in formula (1B) above preferably has the structure represented by the following formula (2B).

[0081] [ka] (In equation (2B), l and m are independent integers between 0 and 2, inclusive.)

[0082] This increases the rigidity of the first resin substrate 11 while also improving its bendability.

[0083] The hydrocarbon group in the aliphatic substituent in formula (1B) above preferably has 4 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Furthermore, it is even more preferable that the hydrocarbon group in the aliphatic substituent is a saturated hydrocarbon group with 4 to 18 carbon atoms. This makes it possible to improve the processability of the first resin substrate 11.

[0084] The semi-aromatic polyamide resin preferably contains aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diamines as constituent monomers. This increases the rigidity of the first resin substrate 11 while further improving its bendability.

[0085] Alicyclic polyamide resins are polyamide resins that have an alicyclic chemical structure within their molecules. In this case, the alicyclic chemical structure may be present in the main chain structure or in the side chain structure.

[0086] Examples of alicyclic polyamide resins include compounds in which at least one of the dicarboxylic acid or diamine monomers constituting the polyamide has an alicyclic chemical structure. Examples of alicyclic polyamide resins include resins having repeating units represented by the following formula (3B).

[0087] [ka] (In formula (3B), R 3 and R 4 Each of these is independently either a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group with 4 or fewer carbon atoms, o is an integer between 2 and 14, p is an integer between 0 and 6, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0088] The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the transparent resin is preferably between 100°C and 190°C, and more preferably between 120°C and 165°C. This improves the bendability of the first resin substrate 11. It also improves the heat resistance of the first resin substrate 11.

[0089] The content of the transparent resin in the first resin substrate 11 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 75% by mass or more, and more preferably 85% by mass or more. By keeping the content of the transparent resin within the above range, the bendability and mechanical properties of the first resin substrate 11 can be ensured.

[0090] The first resin substrate 11 may optionally contain various additives such as dyes, pigments, antioxidants, fillers, plasticizers, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, heat absorbers, and flame retardants.

[0091] The thickness of the first resin substrate 11 is preferably 0.05 mm to 10.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm, even more preferably 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm, and particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.7 mm. If the thickness of the first resin substrate 11 is within the above range, it is possible to achieve both thinning of the first electrochromic element 1 and improved mechanical properties, suppression of water vapor permeation, and improvement of bendability.

[0092] The first resin substrate 11 is manufactured, for example, by a melt extrusion molding method. The first resin substrate 11 may be a stretched resin sheet, but is preferably an unstretched resin sheet. By using an unstretched resin sheet, the first resin substrate 11 with low residual stress can be manufactured. As a result, when the first resin substrate 11 is subjected to heat bending, it can be curved to the desired curvature. After heat bending, the first resin substrate 11 can be laminated to match the curved surface of a lens. This contributes to the realization of the first electrochromic element 1 used in the first lens 31, which is an eyeglass lens.

[0093] In melt extrusion molding, a molten resin composition is extruded from a die such as a T-die to form a sheet. When the resin composition is extruded, the direction in which the formed sheet flows is called the "flow direction (MD)," and the direction perpendicular to the flow direction and approximately parallel to the floor is called the "width direction (TD)." The above-mentioned unstretched resin sheet refers to a resin sheet produced without stretching treatment such as roll stretching or tenter stretching when the resin composition extruded from the die is cooled and solidified.

[0094] 1.2.2. Second Resin Substrate The second resin substrate 12 is positioned opposite the first resin substrate 11 via the EC function unit 60, etc. The second resin substrate 12 is the outermost layer of the first electrochromic element 1 and protects the EC function unit 60, etc. In the following description, the space between the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12 will be referred to as the "inside".

[0095] The constituent material of the second resin substrate 12 is not particularly limited as long as it is a transparent resin material, but a material containing a thermoplastic transparent resin is preferred. The transparent resin is the same as that used for the constituent material of the first resin substrate 11.

[0096] Furthermore, the transparent resin used in the second resin substrate 12 is preferably a polycarbonate-based resin or a polyamide-based resin. In other words, it is preferable that the second resin substrate 12 be mainly made of a polycarbonate-based resin or a polyamide-based resin. Main material means more than 50% by mass of the constituent materials of the second resin substrate 12. In particular, if the transparent resin used in the first resin substrate 11 is a polycarbonate-based resin, it is preferable that the transparent resin used in the second resin substrate 12 is also a polycarbonate-based resin. Also, if the transparent resin used in the first resin substrate 11 is a polyamide-based resin, it is preferable that the transparent resin used in the second resin substrate 12 is also a polyamide-based resin.

[0097] Furthermore, the constituent materials of the second resin substrate 12 may be the same as or different from the constituent materials of the first resin substrate 11.

[0098] Furthermore, the constituent material of the second resin substrate 12 may be different from, or the same as, the constituent material of the resin layer 35. In the latter case, the adhesion between the first electrochromic element 1 and the resin layer 35 can be improved. Also, in the latter case, the refractive index difference between the second resin substrate 12 and the resin layer 35 can be reduced, thereby improving the light transmittance of the first lens 31. The refractive index difference between the second resin substrate 12 and the resin layer 35 is preferably 0.2 or less, and more preferably 0.1 or less.

[0099] The thickness of the second resin substrate 12 may be the same as or different from the thickness of the first resin substrate 11.

[0100] The thickness of the second resin substrate 12 is preferably 0.05 mm to 10.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm, even more preferably 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, and particularly preferably 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm. If the thickness of the second resin substrate 12 is within the above range, it is possible to achieve both thinning of the second electrochromic element 2 and improved mechanical properties, suppression of water vapor permeation, and improvement of bendability.

[0101] The second resin substrate 12 is manufactured, for example, by a melt extrusion molding method. The second resin substrate 12 may be a stretched resin sheet, but is preferably an unstretched resin sheet. By using an unstretched resin sheet, a second resin substrate 12 with low residual stress can be produced. As a result, when the second resin substrate 12 is subjected to heat bending, it can be curved to the desired curvature. After heat bending, the second resin substrate 12 can be laminated to match the curved surface of a lens. This contributes to the realization of the first electrochromic element 1 used in the first lens 31, which is an eyeglass lens.

[0102] 1.2.3.First transparent electrode The first transparent electrode 13 is positioned between the first resin substrate 11 and the EC function unit 60. The first transparent electrode 13 is light-transmitting. This allows for the visualization of the color development and decolorization of the EC function unit 60, as well as the visibility of the outside world, through the first transparent electrode 13.

[0103] Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 13 is conductive and electrically connected to the control unit 40. This allows the control unit 40 to control the potential of the first transparent electrode 13, causing the EC function unit 60 to perform color development, holding, and decolorization operations.

[0104] The constituent material of the first transparent electrode 13 is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive material that transmits light, but examples include oxides such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), FTO (F-doped Tin Oxide), ATO (Antimony Tin Oxide), IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), In2O3, SnO2, Sb-containing SnO2, Al-containing ZnO, Au, Pt, Ag, Cu, or alloys containing these, and one or more of these can be used in combination. Since these are inorganic materials, they have excellent conductivity and water vapor shielding properties.

[0105] The thickness of the first transparent electrode 13 is appropriately set according to the required conductivity and water vapor shielding degree, but is preferably about 50 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably about 100 nm to 150 nm. This provides a first transparent electrode 13 with sufficient conductivity and water vapor shielding degree.

[0106] 1.2.4.Second transparent electrode The second transparent electrode 14 is positioned between the second resin substrate 12 and the EC function unit 60. The second transparent electrode 14 is light-transmitting. This allows for the visualization of the color development and decolorization of the EC function unit 60, as well as the visibility of the outside world, through the second transparent electrode 14.

[0107] Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 14 is conductive and electrically connected to the control unit 40. This allows the control unit 40 to control the potential of the second transparent electrode 14, causing the EC function unit 60 to perform color development, holding, and decolorization operations.

[0108] The constituent material of the second transparent electrode 14 is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive material that has light transmittance, but the materials listed above as constituent materials for the first transparent electrode 13 are used. Since these are inorganic materials, they have excellent conductivity and water vapor shielding properties.

[0109] The thickness of the second transparent electrode 14 is appropriately set according to the required conductivity and water vapor shielding degree, but is preferably about 50 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably about 100 nm to 150 nm. This provides a second transparent electrode 14 with sufficient conductivity and water vapor shielding degree.

[0110] 1.2.5.EC Function Section The EC functional unit 60 (electrochromic circuit) shown in Figure 3 comprises a first electrochromic layer 63 laminated inside the first transparent electrode 13, a second electrochromic layer 64 laminated inside the second transparent electrode 14, and an electrolyte layer 65 filled between the first electrochromic layer 63 and the second electrochromic layer 64. The EC functional unit 60 is housed in a colored region 70, which is a space defined by the first transparent electrode 13, the second transparent electrode 14, and the sealing portion 55, etc.

[0111] The first electrochromic layer 63 contains a material that develops color through an oxidation reaction. The materials that develop color through oxidation reactions are not particularly limited, but examples include polymers obtained by polymerizing compositions containing radical polymerizable compounds having triarylamines, triarylamine derivatives such as triphenylamine, bisacridan compounds, Prussian blue type complexes, benzidine, nickel oxide, etc., and one or more of these can be used in combination.

[0112] Examples of Prussian blue-type complexes include materials composed of Fe(III)4[Fe(II)(CN)6]3.

[0113] Among these, polymers obtained by polymerizing a composition containing a radical polymerizable compound having a triarylamine are particularly preferred because they can operate at a constant voltage, have excellent repeated durability, and produce high-contrast electrochromic elements.

[0114] Furthermore, a composition containing a radical polymerizable compound having a triarylamine may also contain other radical polymerizable compounds different from the radical polymerizable compound having a triarylamine, and the polymer obtained by polymerizing such a composition may be composed of crosslinked products in which these radical polymerizable compounds are crosslinked.

[0115] The thickness of the first electrochromic layer 63 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.1 μm to 30.0 μm, and more preferably about 0.4 μm to 10.0 μm.

[0116] The second electrochromic layer 64 contains a material that develops color through a reduction reaction. The materials that develop color through the reduction reaction are not particularly limited, but examples include inorganic electrochromic compounds, organic electrochromic compounds, conductive polymers, etc., and one or more of these can be used in combination.

[0117] Examples of inorganic electrochromic compounds include tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, iridium oxide, and titanium oxide, with tungsten oxide being particularly preferred. Tungsten oxide has a low reduction potential, resulting in a low decolorization potential, and furthermore, being an inorganic material, it has excellent durability.

[0118] Examples of organic electrochromic compounds include low-molecular-weight organic electrochromic compounds such as azobenzene, anthraquinone, diarylethene, dihydroprene, dipyridine, styryl, styrylspiropyran, spirooxazine, spirothiopyran, thioindigo, tetrathiafulvalene, terephthalic acid, triphenylmethane, triphenylamine, naphthopyran, viologen, pyrazoline, phenazine, phenylenediamine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, phthalocyanine, fluorane, flugide, benzopyran, and metallocene compounds. In particular, viologen compounds or dipyridine compounds are preferred. These compounds have low color potentials and exhibit good color values.

[0119] Examples of viologen-based compounds include those described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3955641 and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-171781.

[0120] Examples of dipyridine compounds include those described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-171781 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008-116718.

[0121] Examples of conductive polymers include polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, or derivatives thereof.

[0122] Furthermore, for materials that develop color through reduction reactions, it is preferable to use materials that develop color in the same tone as the materials that develop color through oxidation reactions as described above. This improves the maximum color intensity, and as a result, improves the contrast during color development.

[0123] On the other hand, when using materials that develop color through oxidation reactions and materials that develop color through reduction reactions, which have different color tones, it becomes possible to control the color development by mixing the colors.

[0124] Furthermore, either the first electrochromic layer 63 or the second electrochromic layer 64 may be set not to produce color, but the color density can be increased by having both produce color. This also makes it possible to reduce the drive voltage applied to the EC function unit 60, and increases the durability of the first electrochromic element 1 when the color-producing operation is repeated.

[0125] The thickness of the second electrochromic layer 64 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.2 μm to 5.0 μm, and more preferably about 1.0 μm to 4.0 μm.

[0126] The electrolyte layer 65 is filled between the first electrochromic layer 63 and the second electrochromic layer 64 and contains an ion-conductive electrolyte.

[0127] The electrolyte is not particularly limited, but examples include inorganic ion salts such as alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, quaternary ammonium salts, acids, and supporting salts of alkalis. Specifically, examples include LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCF3SO3, LiCF3COO, KCl, NaClO3, NaCl, NaBF4, NaSCN, KBF4, Mg(ClO4)2, Mg(BF4)2, etc., and one or more of these can be used in combination.

[0128] Furthermore, ionic liquids can also be used as electrolyte materials. Among ionic liquids, organic ionic liquids are easy to handle because they remain liquid over a wide temperature range, including room temperature.

[0129] As the molecular structure of the organic ionic liquid, examples of cationic components include imidazole derivatives such as N,N-dimethylimidazole salts, N,N-methylethylimidazole salts, and N,N-methylpropylimidazole salts; pyridinium derivatives such as N,N-dimethylpyridinium salts and N,N-methylpropylpyridinium salts; and aliphatic quaternary ammonium-based components such as trimethylpropylammonium salts, trimethylhexylammonium salts, and triethylhexylammonium salts. As for anionic components, in consideration of stability in the atmosphere, it is preferable to use fluorine-containing compounds, for example, BF4 - , CF3SO3 - , PF4 - , (CF3SO2)2N - , (SO2F)2N - and the like.

[0130] The ionic liquid may be directly dissolved in any one of a photopolymerizable monomer, an oligomer, and a liquid crystal material. If the solubility in these materials is poor, after obtaining a solution by dissolving the ionic liquid in a small amount of solvent, the solution may be dissolved by mixing it with any one of a photopolymerizable monomer, an oligomer, and a liquid crystal material.

[0131] Examples of the solvent include propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, γ-butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, sulfolane, dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-ethoxymethoxyethane, polyethylene glycol, alcohols, and the like, or mixed solvents containing two or more of these.

[0132] In addition, examples of the form of the electrolyte include, in addition to low-viscosity liquids, gel form, solid form, polymer cross-linked form, liquid crystal dispersed form, and the like. Among these, the electrolyte is preferably in gel form or solid form. This makes it possible to improve the mechanical properties and reliability of the EC functional unit 60.

[0133] A preferred method for solidifying the electrolyte layer 65 is, for example, to retain a liquid containing an electrolyte and a solvent within a resin. This allows for both high ionic conductivity and solid strength of the electrolyte layer 65. As the resin, a photocurable resin is preferred. This allows for obtaining a solid electrolyte layer 65 at a lower temperature and in a shorter time compared to obtaining a solid electrolyte layer 65 by thermal polymerization or solvent vaporization.

[0134] The thickness of the electrolyte layer 65 is not particularly limited, but is preferably set to about 10 μm to 100 μm, and more preferably to about 20 μm to 80 μm.

[0135] The EC functional unit 60 may, if necessary, have an intermediate layer provided between the first transparent electrode 13 and the second transparent electrode 14. Examples of the intermediate layer include an insulating porous layer and a protective layer.

[0136] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the EC function unit 60 has a first electrochromic layer 63 and a second electrochromic layer 64, but either one of these may be omitted.

[0137] 1.2.6. Sealing section As shown in Figure 3, the sealing portion 55 is positioned between the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12, defining the colored region 70. In other words, when the first transparent electrode 13 and the second transparent electrode 14 are viewed from above, the sealing portion 55 is positioned to surround the colored region 70. This creates a closed space within the colored region 70, allowing the EC functional portion 60 to be sealed inside. The first transparent electrode 13 and the second transparent electrode 14 shown in Figure 3 extend to the outer edge of the first electrochromic element 1, but they may also be interrupted in the middle of the sealing portion 55.

[0138] The constituent material of the sealing portion 55 is not particularly limited as long as it is a transparent insulating material, but examples include resin materials such as acrylic resin and epoxy resin, and inorganic oxides such as silicon oxide (SiO2), silicon oxynitride (SiON), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3).

[0139] The thickness of the sealing portion 55 is adjusted according to the thickness of the EC functional portion 60, but is preferably about 20 μm to 100 μm, and more preferably about 40 μm to 80 μm.

[0140] 1.2.7.1st auxiliary electrode The first auxiliary electrode 15 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 13, which extends outside the colored region 70. In Figure 3, as an example, the first auxiliary electrode 15 is positioned between the first transparent electrode 13 and the sealing portion 55. In Figure 4, as an example, the first auxiliary electrode 15 extends along one short side and part of two long sides of the roughly rectangular first transparent electrode 13. This ensures a contact area between the first auxiliary electrode 15 and the first transparent electrode 13, thereby reducing contact resistance. The arrangement of the first auxiliary electrode 15 is not limited to these examples.

[0141] The thickness of the first auxiliary electrode 15 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 50 nm to 1000 nm, and more preferably about 100 nm to 400 nm.

[0142] The first auxiliary electrode 15 is constructed from a material with higher conductivity than the first transparent electrode 13. This improves the efficiency of controlling the potential of the first transparent electrode 13.

[0143] The constituent material of the first auxiliary electrode 15 is not particularly limited as long as it has a higher conductivity than the first transparent electrode 13, but examples include silver, aluminum, copper, chromium, molybdenum, etc., and one or more of these can be used in combination. The first auxiliary electrode 15 may also be composed of a laminate of two or more layers made of different constituent materials. Examples of methods for forming the first auxiliary electrode 15 include sputtering and vacuum deposition. The first auxiliary electrode 15 may be provided as needed, but may be omitted.

[0144] 1.2.8.Second auxiliary electrode The second auxiliary electrode 16 is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 14, which extends outside the colored region 70. In Figure 3, as an example, the second auxiliary electrode 16 is positioned between the second transparent electrode 14 and the sealing portion 55. However, the arrangement of the second auxiliary electrode 16 is not limited to this.

[0145] The thickness of the second auxiliary electrode 16 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 50 nm to 1000 nm, and more preferably about 100 nm to 400 nm.

[0146] The material used for the second auxiliary electrode 16 has a higher conductivity than the material used for the second transparent electrode 14. This improves the efficiency of controlling the potential of the second transparent electrode 14.

[0147] The constituent material of the second auxiliary electrode 16 is not particularly limited as long as it has a higher conductivity than the second transparent electrode 14, but examples include silver, aluminum, copper, chromium, molybdenum, etc., and one or more of these can be used in combination. The second auxiliary electrode 16 may also be composed of a laminate of two or more layers made of different constituent materials. Examples of methods for forming the second auxiliary electrode 16 include sputtering and vacuum deposition. The second auxiliary electrode 16 may be provided as needed, but may be omitted.

[0148] 1.2.9. First conductive layer The first conductive layer 51 is provided between the first resin substrate 11 and the sealing portion 55. Furthermore, when the first resin substrate 11 is viewed from above, the first conductive layer 51 is provided in a different region from the first transparent electrode 13 via the first separation portion 57, as shown in Figure 4. In other words, in the thickness direction of the first electrochromic element 1, the first conductive layer 51 is provided at the same position (level) as the first transparent electrode 13, as shown in Figure 3, and in a plan view, as shown in Figure 4, it is separated from the first transparent electrode 13 via the first separation portion 57. As a result, although the first conductive layer 51 is provided on the same plane as the first transparent electrode 13, it is insulated from the first transparent electrode 13. In this case, it becomes possible to form the first conductive layer 51 and the first transparent electrode 13 simultaneously, thereby reducing manufacturing man-hours. The shape of the first conductive layer 51 shown in Figure 4 is rectangular, but other shapes are also possible.

[0149] The first conductive layer 51 described above provides at least the following two effects. The first conductive layer 51, together with the first transparent electrode 13, covers most of the inner surface of the first resin substrate 11. This allows the first conductive layer 51 and the first transparent electrode 13 to reduce the surface resistance of the inner surface of the first resin substrate 11. As a result, the charging of the first resin substrate 11 can be suppressed. This prevents malfunctions in the first electrochromic element 1 caused by charging. Furthermore, it also suppresses the attraction and adsorption of foreign matter caused by charging.

[0150] The first conductive layer 51 is spaced apart from the first transparent electrode 13 and is therefore electrically insulated from the first transparent electrode 13. Furthermore, because the first conductive layer 51 is conductive, it has a high density of constituent materials and excellent water vapor shielding properties. Therefore, by providing the first conductive layer 51, water vapor shielding properties can be provided to the portion of the first resin substrate 11 where the first transparent electrode 13 is not provided. As a result, the intrusion of moisture through the first resin substrate 11 can be suppressed, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the performance of the EC function unit 60 due to moisture.

[0151] When the first resin substrate 11 is viewed from above, the total area ratio of the portion where the first transparent electrode 13 and the first conductive layer 51 overlap with the sealing portion 55 is preferably 92.00% or more, more preferably 95.00% or more, and even more preferably 99.00% or more. As a result, the area ratio of the first separation portion 57 is sufficiently small compared to the sealing portion 55, which can become a pathway for water vapor to penetrate, thereby providing the first resin substrate 11 with sufficient water vapor shielding properties. Specifically, if the total area ratio is within the above range compared to the case where the first resin substrate 11 has the aforementioned thickness and constituent materials, the deterioration of the performance of the EC function portion 60 can be suppressed over a long period of time, for example, on a yearly basis.

[0152] Furthermore, the total area ratio of the portions of the first transparent electrode 13 and the first conductive layer 51 that overlap with the sealing portion 55 is preferably 99.99% or less, more preferably 99.95% or less, and even more preferably 99.50% or less. This ensures a sufficient area ratio of the first separation portion 57 necessary for insulation between the first transparent electrode 13 and the first conductive layer 51.

[0153] Examples of constituent materials for the first conductive layer 51 include various oxide-based conductive materials such as ITO, FTO, ATO, IZO, In2O3, SnO2, Sb-containing SnO2, and Al-containing ZnO, as well as various metallic conductive materials such as Au, Pt, Ag, Cu, and alloys containing these materials. One or more of these can be used in combination. All of these are inorganic materials and are useful as constituent materials for the first conductive layer 51 because they have excellent conductivity and water vapor shielding properties.

[0154] The constituent material of the first conductive layer 51 may be different from the constituent material of the first transparent electrode 13, but preferably it is set to the same material. This allows the first conductive layer 51 to be formed simultaneously with the first transparent electrode 13. As a result, the effort of separately providing the first conductive layer 51 can be eliminated.

[0155] When forming the first conductive layer 51 and the first transparent electrode 13 simultaneously, first, a conductive material is deposited on the inner surface of the first resin substrate 11. Examples of methods for depositing the conductive material include sputtering and vacuum deposition. Next, the portion of the obtained conductive material film intended to form the first separated portion 57 is removed. This allows the first conductive layer 51 and the first transparent electrode 13 to be obtained simultaneously.

[0156] Methods for removing a portion of the conductive material coating include, for example, etching and laser processing. Of these, laser processing is preferred. Laser processing allows for efficient removal of the coating from the desired area without the need for a mask. This suppresses contamination and degradation of the first transparent electrode 13 associated with mask formation.

[0157] The thickness of the first conductive layer 51 is appropriately set according to the required conductivity and water vapor shielding degree, but is preferably about 50 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably about 100 nm to 150 nm. As a result, the first conductive layer 51 has sufficient conductivity and water vapor shielding degree.

[0158] The thickness of the first conductive layer 51 is preferably 70% to 150% of the thickness of the first transparent electrode 13. This allows the first conductive layer 51 and the first transparent electrode 13 to be formed simultaneously. Furthermore, by keeping the thickness of the first conductive layer 51 within the above range, deformation such as warping of the first resin substrate 11 due to the difference in thickness becomes easier to suppress.

[0159] When the second auxiliary electrode 16 is viewed from above through the second resin substrate 12, the first conductive layer 51 shown in Figure 3 is positioned to overlap with the second auxiliary electrode 16. This minimizes the impact on the appearance of the first electrochromic element 1, even if the first conductive layer 51 does not have light transmittance. Therefore, even when the aforementioned metallic conductive material is used as the constituent material of the first conductive layer 51, a deterioration in the appearance of the first electrochromic element 1 can be prevented. Furthermore, metallic conductive materials are useful in this respect because they have high conductivity.

[0160] Furthermore, it is preferable that 50% or more of the area of ​​the first conductive layer 51 overlaps with the second auxiliary electrode 16, and more preferably 60% or more overlaps. This minimizes the impact even if the first conductive layer 51 does not have light transmittance.

[0161] Furthermore, the above configuration is not mandatory, and the first conductive layer 51 may be provided in a position that does not overlap with the second auxiliary electrode 16. Also, the first conductive layer 51 may be provided in a position (level) different from the first transparent electrode 13 in the thickness direction of the first electrochromic element 1.

[0162] 1.2.10. Second conductive layer The second conductive layer 52 is provided between the second resin substrate 12 and the sealing portion 55. Furthermore, when the second resin substrate 12 is viewed from above, the second conductive layer 52 is provided in a different region from the second transparent electrode 14 via the second separation portion 58. In other words, the second conductive layer 52 is provided at the same position (level) as the second transparent electrode 14 in the thickness direction of the first electrochromic element 1, and is separated from the second transparent electrode 14 via the second separation portion 58 when viewed from above. As a result, although the second conductive layer 52 is provided on the same plane as the second transparent electrode 14, it is insulated from the second transparent electrode 14. In this case, it becomes possible to form the second conductive layer 52 and the second transparent electrode 14 simultaneously, thereby reducing manufacturing man-hours.

[0163] The second conductive layer 52 described above provides at least the following two effects. The second conductive layer 52, together with the second transparent electrode 14, covers most of the inner surface of the second resin substrate 12. As a result, the second conductive layer 52 and the second transparent electrode 14 can reduce the surface resistance of the inner surface of the second resin substrate 12. Consequently, the charging of the second resin substrate 12 can be suppressed. This suppresses the occurrence of malfunctions in the first electrochromic element 1 due to charging.

[0164] The second conductive layer 52 is spaced apart from the second transparent electrode 14 and is therefore electrically insulated from the second transparent electrode 14. Furthermore, because the second conductive layer 52 is conductive, it has a high density of constituent materials and excellent water vapor shielding properties. Therefore, by providing the second conductive layer 52, water vapor shielding properties can be provided to the portion of the second resin substrate 12 where the second transparent electrode 14 is not provided. As a result, the intrusion of moisture through the second resin substrate 12 can be suppressed, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the performance of the EC function unit 60 due to moisture.

[0165] When the second resin substrate 12 is viewed from above, the total area ratio of the portion where the second transparent electrode 14 and the second conductive layer 52 overlap with the sealing portion 55 is preferably 92.00% or more, more preferably 95.00% or more, and even more preferably 99.00% or more. As a result, the area ratio of the second separation portion 58 is sufficiently small compared to the sealing portion 55, which can become a pathway for water vapor to penetrate, thereby providing the second resin substrate 12 with sufficient water vapor shielding properties. Specifically, when using the second resin substrate 12 with the thickness and constituent materials described above, if the total area ratio is within the above range, the deterioration of the performance of the EC function portion 60 can be suppressed over a long period of time, for example, on a yearly basis.

[0166] Furthermore, the total area ratio of the portions of the second transparent electrode 14 and the second conductive layer 52 that overlap with the sealing portion 55 is preferably 99.99% or less, more preferably 99.95% or less, and even more preferably 99.50% or less. This ensures a sufficient area ratio of the second separation portion 58 necessary for insulation between the second transparent electrode 14 and the second conductive layer 52.

[0167] As the constituent material of the second conductive layer 52, for example, one or more materials selected from the materials listed as constituent materials for the first conductive layer 51 can be used. These are all inorganic materials and are useful as constituent materials for the second conductive layer 52 because they have excellent conductivity and water vapor shielding properties.

[0168] The constituent material of the second conductive layer 52 may be different from the constituent material of the second transparent electrode 14, but preferably it is set to the same material. This allows the second conductive layer 52 to be formed simultaneously with the second transparent electrode 14. As a result, the effort of separately providing the second conductive layer 52 can be eliminated.

[0169] When forming the second conductive layer 52 and the second transparent electrode 14 simultaneously, first, a conductive material is deposited on the inner surface of the second resin substrate 12. Examples of methods for depositing the conductive material include sputtering and vacuum deposition. Next, the portion of the obtained conductive material film intended to form the second separated portion 58 is removed. This allows the second conductive layer 52 and the second transparent electrode 14 to be obtained simultaneously.

[0170] Methods for removing a portion of the conductive material coating include etching and laser processing. Of these, laser processing is preferred. Laser processing allows for efficient removal of the coating from the desired area without the need for a mask. This suppresses contamination and degradation of the second transparent electrode 14 associated with mask formation.

[0171] The thickness of the second conductive layer 52 is appropriately set according to the required conductivity and water vapor shielding degree, but is preferably about 50 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably about 100 nm to 150 nm. As a result, the second conductive layer 52 has sufficient conductivity and water vapor shielding degree.

[0172] The thickness of the second conductive layer 52 is preferably 70% to 150% of the thickness of the second transparent electrode 14. This allows the second conductive layer 52 and the second transparent electrode 14 to be formed simultaneously. Furthermore, by keeping the thickness of the second conductive layer 52 within the above range, deformation such as warping of the second resin substrate 12 due to the difference in thickness becomes easier to suppress.

[0173] When the first auxiliary electrode 15 is viewed from above through the first resin substrate 11, the second conductive layer 52 shown in Figure 3 is positioned to overlap with the first auxiliary electrode 15. This minimizes the impact on the appearance of the first electrochromic element 1, even if the second conductive layer 52 does not have light transmittance. Therefore, even when the aforementioned metallic conductive material is used as the constituent material of the second conductive layer 52, a deterioration in the appearance of the first electrochromic element 1 can be prevented. Furthermore, metallic conductive materials are useful in this respect because they have high conductivity.

[0174] Furthermore, it is preferable that 50% or more of the area of ​​the second conductive layer 52 overlaps with the first auxiliary electrode 15, and more preferably 60% or more overlaps. This minimizes the impact even if the first conductive layer 51 does not have light transmittance.

[0175] Furthermore, the above configuration is not mandatory, and the second conductive layer 52 may be provided in a position that does not overlap with the first auxiliary electrode 15. Also, the second conductive layer 52 may be provided in a different position (level) from the second transparent electrode 14 in the thickness direction of the first electrochromic element 1.

[0176] 1.2.11. First extraction electrode As shown in Figure 3, the first lead electrode 53 penetrates the second resin substrate 12, the second conductive layer 52, the sealing portion 55, the first auxiliary electrode 15, the first transparent electrode 13, and the first resin substrate 11 in the thickness direction. The first lead electrode 53 is electrically connected to the first auxiliary electrode 15 and the first transparent electrode 13. By providing such a first lead electrode 53, the potential of the first transparent electrode 13 can be controlled and a terminal exposed to the outside can be formed. Furthermore, by making the structure of the first lead electrode 53 the above structure (a structure that penetrates the second resin substrate 12, the second conductive layer 52, the sealing portion 55, the first auxiliary electrode 15, the first transparent electrode 13, and the first resin substrate 11), the exposure of the first lead electrode 53 can be minimized. As a result, the degradation of the first lead electrode 53 is suppressed, and the long-term reliability of the first electrochromic element 1 can be improved.

[0177] The first extraction electrode 53 is formed using a conductive paste, such as silver paste or copper paste. Therefore, examples of materials that make up the first extraction electrode 53 include gold, silver, copper, or alloys thereof.

[0178] The thickness of the first extraction electrode 53 is set according to the thickness of the sealing portion 55, etc., and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 μm or more and 200 μm or less, and more preferably 40 μm or more and 150 μm or less.

[0179] The first lead electrode 53 shown in Figure 3 is connected to the second conductive layer 52. This allows the second conductive layer 52 to improve the adhesion between the first lead electrode 53 and the second resin substrate 12. In other words, by positioning the first lead electrode 53 to span across the second resin substrate 12, the second conductive layer 52, the sealing portion 55, the first auxiliary electrode 15, the first transparent electrode 13, and the first resin substrate 11, integration of these components is achieved, contributing to the suppression of delamination at the interface. This improves the long-term reliability of the first electrochromic element 1.

[0180] Note that the above configuration is not mandatory; for example, the first lead electrode 53 does not have to be connected to the second conductive layer 52. Also, the first lead electrode 53 does not have to penetrate the first auxiliary electrode 15, the first transparent electrode 13, and the first resin substrate 11.

[0181] Furthermore, the first extraction electrode 53 shown in Figure 3 penetrates inward from the outer edge of the second conductive layer 52 in a plan view. In other words, when the first transparent electrode 13 shown in Figure 3 is viewed from a plan view, the second conductive layer 52 is distributed so as to surround the first extraction electrode 53. With this configuration, the effect of suppressing interface delamination etc. by the first extraction electrode 53 becomes more pronounced.

[0182] In Figure 3, the first lead electrode 53 has a constant outer diameter in the thickness direction (vertical direction in Figure 3), but the outer diameter may vary in parts. For example, the portion of the first lead electrode 53 that penetrates the second resin substrate 12 and the second conductive layer 52 may have a smaller outer diameter than the other portion (the portion that penetrates the sealing portion 55). In this case, a manufacturing process can be adopted in which the portion that penetrates the sealing portion 55 is formed first, then holes are drilled to penetrate the second resin substrate 12 and the second conductive layer 52, and then conductive material is filled to fill the holes. This increases the degree of freedom in the manufacturing process of the first electroclock element 1.

[0183] 1.2.12. Second extraction electrode As shown in Figure 3, the second lead electrode 54 penetrates the first resin substrate 11, the first conductive layer 51, the sealing portion 55, the second auxiliary electrode 15, the second transparent electrode 14, and the second resin substrate 12 in the thickness direction. The second lead electrode 54 is electrically connected to the second auxiliary electrode 16 and the second transparent electrode 14. By providing such a second lead electrode 54, the potential of the second transparent electrode 14 can be controlled and an externally exposed terminal can be formed. Furthermore, by making the structure of the second lead electrode 54 the above structure (a structure that penetrates the first resin substrate 11, the first conductive layer 51, the sealing portion 55, the second auxiliary electrode 15, the second transparent electrode 14, and the second resin substrate 12), the exposure of the second lead electrode 54 can be minimized. As a result, the degradation of the second lead electrode 54 is suppressed, and the long-term reliability of the first electrochromic element 1 can be improved.

[0184] The second extraction electrode 54 is formed using a conductive paste, such as silver paste or copper paste. Therefore, the constituent materials of the second extraction electrode 54 include, for example, gold, silver, copper, or alloys thereof.

[0185] The thickness of the second lead electrode 54 is set according to the thickness of the sealing portion 55, etc., and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 μm or more and 200 μm or less, and more preferably 40 μm or more and 150 μm or less.

[0186] The second lead electrode 54 shown in Figure 3 is connected to the first conductive layer 51. This allows the first conductive layer 51 to improve the adhesion between the second lead electrode 54 and the first resin substrate 11. In other words, the second lead electrode 54 is positioned to span across the first resin substrate 11, the first conductive layer 51, the sealing portion 55, the second auxiliary electrode 15, the second transparent electrode 14, and the second resin substrate 12, thereby integrating them and contributing to the suppression of delamination at the interface. This improves the long-term reliability of the first electrochromic element 1.

[0187] Note that the above configuration is not mandatory; for example, the second lead electrode 54 does not need to be connected to the first conductive layer 51. Also, the second lead electrode 54 does not need to penetrate the second auxiliary electrode 16, the second transparent electrode 14, and the second resin substrate 12.

[0188] Furthermore, the second extraction electrode 54 shown in Figure 3 penetrates inward from the outer edge of the first conductive layer 51 in a plan view. In other words, when the second transparent electrode 14 shown in Figure 3 is viewed from a plan view, the first conductive layer 51 is distributed so as to surround the second extraction electrode 54. With this configuration, the effect of suppressing interface delamination etc. by the second extraction electrode 54 becomes more pronounced.

[0189] In Figure 3, the second lead electrode 54 has a constant outer diameter in the thickness direction (vertical direction in Figure 3), but the outer diameter may vary in parts. For example, the portion of the second lead electrode 54 that penetrates the first resin substrate 11 and the first conductive layer 51 may have a smaller outer diameter than the other portion (the portion that penetrates the sealing portion 55). In this case, a manufacturing process can be adopted in which the portion that penetrates the sealing portion 55 is formed first, then a hole is drilled to penetrate the first resin substrate 11 and the first conductive layer 51, and then a conductive material is filled to fill the hole. This increases the degree of freedom in the manufacturing process of the first electroclock element 1.

[0190] 1.3. Control Unit The control unit 40 is located in the temple portion 23 and controls the operation of the first electrochromic element 1 and the second electrochromic element 2.

[0191] The control unit 40 has functions such as applying a color-developing operating voltage to the first electrochromic element 1 and the second electrochromic element 2, determining the color-developing operating voltage and application time, electrically opening the first electrochromic element 1 and the second electrochromic element 2, and short-circuiting the first electrochromic element 1 and the second electrochromic element 2.

[0192] Some of the functions of the control unit 40 are realized by hardware, such as a CPU, memory, and interface. Examples of such hardware include a microcontroller. The CPU is a Central Processing Unit. Examples of memory include any non-volatile memory (ROM), any volatile memory (RAM), and removable external memory. Examples of interfaces include digital input / output ports such as USB (Universal Serial Bus). Various functions are realized by the CPU executing a program pre-loaded into memory. Alternatively, instead of, or in conjunction with, a method in which hardware such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) realizes various functions may be used.

[0193] Furthermore, some of the functions of the control unit 40 are realized by hardware, for example, a DC power supply, a voltage converter, and a switch. The DC power supply is a power source that generates a predetermined DC voltage and is composed of, for example, a primary battery, a secondary battery, or an external power supply. The voltage converter converts the DC voltage generated by the DC power supply to a target value. The voltage converter may also have a function to generate a pulse-width modulated voltage from the DC voltage and to change its duty cycle to bring the effective voltage closer to the target value. The switch switches the application of voltage to the first electrochromic element 1 and the second electrochromic element 2 in response to user operation.

[0194] 2. Method for manufacturing the first lens Figure 5 shows an example of a manufacturing method for the first lens 31. The following explanation can also be applied to the manufacturing method for the second lens 32.

[0195] First, as shown in Figure 5(A), the first electrochromic element 1 is prepared before bending. Note that protective films 50 are attached to both sides of the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 5(A) before bending. In Figure 5(A), the laminate of the first electrochromic element 1 and the two protective films 50, 50 is referred to as the raw material 210 before processing.

[0196] Next, as shown in Figure 5(B), the raw material 210 before processing is punched out in the thickness direction to obtain individual pieces 220 before processing that are in a circular shape.

[0197] Next, as shown in Figure 5(C), the unprocessed individual piece 220 is subjected to bending under heating. This yields a processed individual piece 250 with a curved shape. The processed individual piece 250 comprises the first electrochromic element 1 after bending and protective films 50, 50 attached to both sides thereof.

[0198] In the processed individual piece 250 (first electrochromic element 1 after bending) obtained by bending, the number of curves (lens curve) in two mutually orthogonal axes in the plane is preferably set to 1.0 curve or more and 9.0 curve or less, and more preferably to 3.0 curve or more and 6.0 curve or less. This makes it possible to manufacture a first lens 31 suitable for highly practical sunglasses 100.

[0199] The number of curves mentioned above can be calculated using the following formula. D = 1000(n-1) / r

[0200] In the above formula, D is the number of curves, n is the average refractive index of the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12, and r is the radius of curvature.

[0201] Next, two protective films 50, 50 are removed from the processed individual pieces 250. Then, as shown in Figure 5(D), the bent first electrochromic element 1 is placed in the cavity of the mold 45. Then, a resin layer 35 is formed by insert injection molding of a resin material so as to be in contact with the inner surface of the bent first electrochromic element 1. After that, trimming, cutting, etc., of the resin layer 35 are performed as necessary. This results in the first lens 31 shown in Figure 5(D).

[0202] 3. First variation Next, a first modified example of the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment described above will be explained.

[0203] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a first electrochromic element 1, which is a first modified example of the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment.

[0204] The following describes the first modified example, but the following description will focus on the differences from the above embodiment, and similar matters will be omitted.

[0205] The first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 6 is the same as the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 3, except that the structure of the first extraction electrode 53 and the second extraction electrode 54 is different. The following explanation is also applicable to the second electrochromic element 2, therefore, the explanation for the second electrochromic element 2 will be omitted.

[0206] Figure 7 is an exploded perspective view of the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 6. For ease of explanation, in Figure 7, the cross-section of the first lead electrode 53 is shaded in each layer electrically connected to the first lead electrode 53. Similarly, the cross-section of the second lead electrode 54 is shaded in each layer electrically connected to the second lead electrode 54.

[0207] In this modified example, as in the above embodiment, the first conductive layer 51 is provided in a region different from the first transparent electrode 13 via a first separation portion 57. Furthermore, the second conductive layer 52 is provided in a region different from the second transparent electrode 14 via a second separation portion 58.

[0208] The external shape of the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 7 is rectangular, but it may be any shape such as a perfect circle, ellipse, oblong, or polygon.

[0209] 3.1. First extraction electrode As shown in Figure 6, the first lead electrode 53 is provided on the outside of the sealing portion 55. The outside of the sealing portion 55 is the side opposite to the colored region 70 of the sealing portion 55 when the first electrochromic element 1 is viewed from above. The first lead electrode 53 is electrically connected to the first auxiliary electrode 15. Since this first lead electrode 53 has a simpler structure than the first lead electrode 53 shown in Figure 3, it can contribute to reducing the manufacturing time of the first electrochromic element 1.

[0210] Furthermore, in order to increase the contact area between the first lead electrode 53 and the first auxiliary electrode 15 and further reduce the connection resistance of the connection part, the thickness of the first auxiliary electrode 15 in the first modified example is preferably 500 nm or more. Although an upper limit does not need to be specifically set, it is preferable that it be 2000 nm or less, taking into account the plateauing of the effect and the increase in film deposition time.

[0211] The first lead electrode 53 shown in Figure 6 is connected to the second conductive layer 52. This allows the second conductive layer 52 to improve the adhesion between the first lead electrode 53 and the second resin substrate 12. In other words, by positioning the first lead electrode 53 to span at least the second resin substrate 12, the second conductive layer 52, the sealing portion 55, and the first auxiliary electrode 15, integration of these components is achieved, contributing to the suppression of delamination at the interface. This improves the long-term reliability of the first electrochromic element 1.

[0212] Note that the above configuration is not mandatory; for example, the first lead electrode 53 does not need to be connected to the second conductive layer 52.

[0213] 3.2. Second extraction electrode As shown in Figure 6, the second lead electrode 54 is provided on the outside of the sealing portion 55. The second lead electrode 54 is electrically connected to the second auxiliary electrode 16. Since this second lead electrode 54 has a simpler structure than the second lead electrode 54 shown in Figure 3, it can contribute to reducing the manufacturing time of the first electrochromic element 1.

[0214] Furthermore, in order to increase the contact area between the second lead electrode 54 and the second auxiliary electrode 16 and further reduce the connection resistance of the connection part, it is desirable that the thickness of the second auxiliary electrode 16 in the first modified example be 500 nm or more. Although an upper limit does not necessarily need to be set, it is preferable that it be 2000 nm or less, taking into account the plateauing of the effect and the increase in film deposition time.

[0215] The second lead electrode 54 shown in Figure 6 is connected to the first conductive layer 51. This allows the first conductive layer 51 to improve the adhesion between the second lead electrode 54 and the first resin substrate 11. In other words, by positioning the second lead electrode 54 to span at least the first resin substrate 11, the first conductive layer 51, the sealing portion 55, and the second auxiliary electrode 16, integration of these components is achieved, contributing to the suppression of delamination at the interface. This improves the long-term reliability of the first electrochromic element 1.

[0216] Note that the above configuration is not mandatory; for example, the second lead electrode 54 does not need to be connected to the first conductive layer 51. In the first modified example described above, the same effects as in the embodiment described above can be obtained.

[0217] 4. Second variation Next, a second modified example of the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment described above will be explained.

[0218] Figure 8 is an exploded perspective view of the first electrochromic element 1, which is a second modified example of the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment. In Figure 8, for the sake of explanation, the cross-section of the first lead electrode 53 is shaded in each layer electrically connected to the first lead electrode 53. Similarly, the cross-section of the second lead electrode 54 is shaded in each layer electrically connected to the second lead electrode 54.

[0219] The second modified example will be described below, but the following explanation will focus on the differences from the first modified example, and similar matters will be omitted.

[0220] The configuration of the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 8 is the same as that of the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 7, except for the following differences.

[0221] As shown in Figure 7, the connection between the first lead electrode 53 and the first auxiliary electrode 15 is shown as a straight line and is a substantially flat surface. In contrast, the connection between the first lead electrode 53 and the first auxiliary electrode 15 shown in Figure 8 has an uneven shape. That is, the uneven shape formed on the first lead electrode 53 and the uneven shape formed on the first auxiliary electrode 15 interlock to form the aforementioned connection. This allows for a wider contact area between the first lead electrode 53 and the first auxiliary electrode 15 at the connection. As a result, the connection resistance of the connection can be reduced. Furthermore, in Figure 8, in addition to the connection between the first lead electrode 53 and the first auxiliary electrode 15, the connection between the first lead electrode 53 and the first transparent electrode 13 and the connection between the first lead electrode 53 and the first conductive layer 51 also have an uneven shape. This reduces the connection resistance of the connection and increases the mechanical connection strength.

[0222] Similarly, the connection between the second lead electrode 54 and the second auxiliary electrode 16 shown in Figure 7 is illustrated as a straight line in Figure 7 and is a substantially flat surface. In contrast, the connection between the second lead electrode 54 and the second auxiliary electrode 16 shown in Figure 8 has an uneven shape. In other words, the uneven shape formed on the second lead electrode 54 and the uneven shape formed on the second auxiliary electrode 16 interlock to form the aforementioned connection. This allows for a wider contact area between the second lead electrode 54 and the second auxiliary electrode 16 at the connection. As a result, the connection resistance of the connection can be reduced. Furthermore, in Figure 8, in addition to the connection between the second lead electrode 54 and the second auxiliary electrode 16, the connection between the second lead electrode 54 and the second transparent electrode 14 and the connection between the second lead electrode 54 and the second conductive layer 52 also have an uneven shape. This reduces the connection resistance of the connection and increases the mechanical connection strength. In the second modified example described above, the same effects as in the first modified example can be obtained.

[0223] In Figure 8, the above-mentioned uneven shape is set at the connection between the first lead electrode 53, the first transparent electrode 13, the first auxiliary electrode 15, the sealing portion 55, and the second conductive layer 52. However, the uneven shape may be set only at the connection with the first auxiliary electrode 15, or it may be set in all layers (the entire first electrochromic element 1).

[0224] If an uneven shape is provided at the connection between the first lead electrode 53 and the first auxiliary electrode 15, the connection resistance between the first lead electrode 53 and the first transparent electrode 13 can be efficiently reduced. This makes it easier to improve the efficiency of charge transfer to and from the EC function unit 60.

[0225] Furthermore, if an uneven surface is set for the entire first electrochromic element 1, the mechanical connection strength between the first lead electrode 53 and each layer can be particularly increased, and the processing efficiency of the uneven surface can be improved. Specifically, since a process sequence can be adopted in which grooves are formed on the side surface of the laminate after all layers have been laminated, and the first lead electrode 53 is formed to fill these grooves, the uneven surface can be processed efficiently.

[0226] Similarly, in Figure 8, the above-mentioned uneven shape is set at the connection between the second lead electrode 54, the second transparent electrode 14, the second auxiliary electrode 16, the sealing portion 55, and the first conductive layer 51. However, the uneven shape may be set only at the connection with the second auxiliary electrode 16, or it may be set in all layers (the entire first electrochromic element 1).

[0227] If an uneven shape is provided at the connection between the second lead electrode 54 and the second auxiliary electrode 16, the connection resistance between the second lead electrode 54 and the second transparent electrode 14 can be efficiently reduced. This makes it easier to improve the efficiency of charge transfer to and from the EC function unit 60.

[0228] Furthermore, if an uneven surface is set for the entire first electrochromic element 1, the mechanical connection strength between the second lead electrode 54 and each layer can be particularly increased, and the processing efficiency of the uneven surface can be improved. Specifically, since a process sequence can be adopted in which grooves are formed on the side surface of the laminate after all layers have been stacked, and the second lead electrode 54 is formed to fill these grooves, the uneven surface can be processed efficiently.

[0229] 5. Third Variation Next, a third modified example of the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment described above will be explained.

[0230] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a first electrochromic element 1, which is a third modified example of the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment.

[0231] The following describes a third modified example, but the following description will focus on the differences from the above embodiment, and similar matters will be omitted.

[0232] The configuration of the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 9 is the same as the configuration of the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 3, except for the following differences.

[0233] In the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 3, the first lead electrode 53 is drawn outwards, penetrating both the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12. Similarly, the second lead electrode 54 is drawn outwards, penetrating both the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12. In contrast, in the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 9, the first lead electrode 53 is drawn outwards, penetrating the first auxiliary electrode 15, the first transparent electrode 13, and the first resin substrate 11, respectively. Similarly, the second lead electrode 54 is drawn outwards, penetrating the second auxiliary electrode 16, the second transparent electrode 14, and the second resin substrate 12, respectively. In the third modified example described above, the same effects as in the above embodiment can be obtained.

[0234] In Figure 9, the first lead electrode 53 has a constant outer diameter in the thickness direction (vertical direction in Figure 3), but the outer diameter may vary in parts. For example, the portion that penetrates the first resin substrate 11, the first transparent electrode 13, and the first auxiliary electrode 15 may have a smaller outer diameter than the other portion (the portion that penetrates the sealing portion 55). In this case, the manufacturing process for the first electrochromic element 1 can be adopted in which the portion that penetrates the sealing portion 55 is formed first, then holes are drilled to penetrate the first resin substrate 11, the first transparent electrode 13, and the first auxiliary electrode 15, and then conductive material is filled to fill the holes to obtain the first lead electrode 53. This increases the degree of freedom in the manufacturing process for the first electroclock element 1.

[0235] Furthermore, although the outer diameter of the second lead electrode 54 shown in Figure 9 is constant in the thickness direction (vertical direction in Figure 3), the outer diameter may be partially different. For example, the outer diameter of the portion that penetrates the second resin substrate 12, the second transparent electrode 14, and the second auxiliary electrode 16 may be smaller than that of the other portion (the portion that penetrates the sealing portion 55). In this case, the manufacturing process of the first electrochromic element 1 can be adopted in which the portion that penetrates the sealing portion 55 is formed first, then holes are made to penetrate the second resin substrate 12, the second transparent electrode 14, and the second auxiliary electrode 16, and then conductive material is filled to fill the holes to obtain the second lead electrode 54. This increases the degree of freedom in the manufacturing process of the first electroclock element 1.

[0236] Furthermore, in Figures 3 and 9 mentioned above, the first extraction electrode 53 is exposed on either the front or back side of the first electrochromic element 1, and the second extraction electrode 54 is exposed on the other side, respectively.

[0237] Alternatively, both the first extraction electrode 53 and the second extraction electrode 54 may be exposed on either the front or back side of the first electrochromic element 1. In other words, the configuration of the first electrochromic element 1 may be a combination of the first extraction electrode 53 shown in Figure 3 and the second extraction electrode 54 shown in Figure 9, or a combination of the first extraction electrode 53 shown in Figure 9 and the second extraction electrode 54 shown in Figure 3. In this case, there is the advantage that the two terminals can be formed on the same surface.

[0238] 6. Fourth Variation Next, a fourth modified example of the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment described above will be explained.

[0239] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a first electrochromic element 1, which is a fourth modified example of the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment.

[0240] The following describes a fourth modified example, but the following description will focus on the differences from the above embodiment, and similar matters will be omitted.

[0241] The configuration of the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 10 is the same as the configuration of the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 3, except for the following differences.

[0242] In the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 3, the first conductive layer 51 is provided on the inner surface of the first resin substrate 11. In contrast, the first conductive layer 51 shown in Figure 10 is provided on the outer surface of the first resin substrate 11 (the surface opposite to the sealing portion 55). When the first resin substrate 11 is viewed from above, the first conductive layer 51 is provided in a different region from the first transparent electrode 13. That is, when the first transparent electrode 13 is viewed through from above the first resin substrate 11 as shown in Figure 10, the first conductive layer 51 is provided in a region where the first transparent electrode 13 is not provided. This makes it possible to reduce the surface resistance of the first resin substrate 11 while insulating the first transparent electrode 13 from the first conductive layer 51, and to suppress the intrusion of moisture through the first resin substrate 11. Furthermore, when the first resin substrate 11 is viewed from above, the region where the first conductive layer 51 is provided and the region where the first transparent electrode 13 is provided may overlap, as shown in Figure 10. In this case, particularly good water vapor shielding properties can be provided to the first resin substrate 11. Note that, in the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 10, as in Figure 3, the first lead electrode 53 may penetrate the first auxiliary electrode 15, the first transparent electrode 13, and the first resin substrate 11.

[0243] Furthermore, in the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 3, the second conductive layer 52 is provided on the inner surface of the second resin substrate 12. In contrast, the second conductive layer 52 shown in Figure 10 is provided on the outer surface of the second resin substrate 12 (the surface opposite to the sealing portion 55). When the second resin substrate 12 is viewed from above, the second conductive layer 52 is provided in a different region from the second transparent electrode 14. That is, when the second transparent electrode 14 is viewed through the second resin substrate 12 as shown in Figure 10, the second conductive layer 52 is provided in a region where the second transparent electrode 14 is not provided. This makes it possible to reduce the surface resistance of the second resin substrate 12 while insulating the second transparent electrode 14 from the second conductive layer 52, and to suppress the intrusion of moisture through the second resin substrate 12. Also, when the second resin substrate 12 is viewed from above, as shown in Figure 10, the region where the second conductive layer 52 is provided and the region where the second transparent electrode 14 is provided may overlap. In this case, particularly good water vapor shielding properties can be provided to the second resin substrate 12. Note that, in the first electrochromic element 1 shown in Figure 10, as in Figure 3, the second lead electrode 54 may also penetrate the second auxiliary electrode 16, the second transparent electrode 14, and the second resin substrate 12.

[0244] When the first resin substrate 11 is viewed from above, the total area ratio of the portion of the first transparent electrode 13 and the first conductive layer 51 that overlaps with the sealing portion 55 is preferably 92.00% or more, more preferably 95.00% or more, and even more preferably 99.00% or more. This provides the first resin substrate 11 with sufficient water vapor shielding properties. Furthermore, the total area ratio of the portion of the first transparent electrode 13 and the first conductive layer 51 that overlaps with the sealing portion 55 is preferably 100% or less. When calculating the total area of ​​the first transparent electrode 13 and the first conductive layer 51 in Figure 10, the area of ​​the portion where the first transparent electrode 13 and the first conductive layer 51 overlap may be counted as the area of ​​either one of them.

[0245] When the second resin substrate 12 is viewed from above, the total area ratio of the portions of the second transparent electrode 14 and the second conductive layer 52 that overlap with the sealing portion 55 is preferably 92.00% or more, more preferably 95.00% or more, and even more preferably 99.00% or more. This provides the second resin substrate 12 with sufficient water vapor shielding properties. Furthermore, the total area ratio of the portions of the second transparent electrode 14 and the second conductive layer 52 that overlap with the sealing portion 55 is preferably 100% or less. When calculating the total area of ​​the second transparent electrode 14 and the second conductive layer 52 in Figure 10, the area of ​​the overlapping portion of the second transparent electrode 14 and the second conductive layer 52 may be counted as the area of ​​either one of them. In the fourth modified example described above, the same effects as those of the above embodiment can be obtained.

[0246] 7. Effects achieved by the above embodiment The first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment comprises a first resin substrate 11 and a second resin substrate 12, an EC function unit 60 (electrochromic function unit), a first transparent electrode 13 and a second transparent electrode 14, a sealing unit 55, a first conductive layer 51 and a second conductive layer 52. The EC function unit 60 is provided between the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12. The first transparent electrode 13 is provided between the first resin substrate 11 and the EC function unit 60. The second transparent electrode 14 is provided between the second resin substrate 12 and the EC function unit 60. The sealing unit 55 is provided between the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12 and seals the outside of the EC function unit 60. The first conductive layer 51 is provided on the first resin substrate 11 and is insulated from the first transparent electrode 13. The second conductive layer 52 is provided on the second resin substrate 12 and is insulated from the second transparent electrode 14. Furthermore, when the first resin substrate 11 is viewed from above, the first conductive layer 51 is located in a different region from the first transparent electrode 13. Also, when the second transparent electrode 14 is viewed from above, the second conductive layer 52 is located in a different region from the second transparent electrode 14.

[0247] With this configuration, the first conductive layer 51, together with the first transparent electrode 13, reduces the surface resistance of the first resin substrate 11 and suppresses the charging of the first resin substrate 11. Similarly, the second conductive layer 52, together with the second transparent electrode 14, reduces the surface resistance of the second resin substrate 12 and suppresses the charging of the second resin substrate 12. This suppresses the occurrence of malfunctions in the first electrochromic element 1 due to charging. Furthermore, because the first conductive layer 51 is conductive, the density of its constituent materials is high and it has excellent water vapor shielding properties. Therefore, by providing the first conductive layer 51, water vapor shielding properties can be provided to the portion of the first resin substrate 11 where the first transparent electrode 13 is not provided. Similarly, because the second conductive layer 52 is conductive, the density of its constituent materials is high and it has excellent water vapor shielding properties. Therefore, by providing the second conductive layer 52, water vapor shielding properties can be provided to the portion of the second resin substrate 12 where the second transparent electrode 14 is not provided. As a result, the intrusion of moisture through the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12 can be suppressed, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the performance of the EC function unit 60 due to moisture.

[0248] In the first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, the first conductive layer 51 may be provided between the first resin substrate 11 and the sealing portion 55.

[0249] With this configuration, the first conductive layer 51 can be provided on the same plane as the first transparent electrode 13, and the first conductive layer 51 and the first transparent electrode 13 can be formed simultaneously, thereby reducing manufacturing man-hours.

[0250] In the first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, the first conductive layer 51 may be provided on the side opposite to the sealing portion 55 of the first resin substrate 11.

[0251] With this configuration, the region where the first conductive layer 51 is provided and the region where the first transparent electrode 13 is provided can be overlapped, thereby providing particularly good water vapor shielding properties to the first resin substrate 11.

[0252] The first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment may include a first auxiliary electrode 15. The first auxiliary electrode 15 is connected to the first transparent electrode 13 and has higher conductivity than the first transparent electrode 13. Furthermore, when the first auxiliary electrode 15 is viewed from above through the first resin substrate 11, it is preferable that the second conductive layer 52 is provided in a position that overlaps with the first auxiliary electrode 15.

[0253] With this configuration, the efficiency of controlling the potential of the first transparent electrode 13 can be increased by providing the first auxiliary electrode 15. Furthermore, by providing the second conductive layer 52 in a position that overlaps with the first auxiliary electrode 15, the impact on the appearance of the first electrochromic element 1 can be minimized, even if the second conductive layer 52 does not have light transmittance.

[0254] In the first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, the first conductive layer 51 and the first transparent electrode 13 may be made of the same constituent material.

[0255] With this configuration, the first conductive layer 51 can be formed simultaneously with the first transparent electrode 13. As a result, the effort of separately providing the first conductive layer 51 can be eliminated.

[0256] The first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment may include a first lead electrode 53 and a second lead electrode 54. The first lead electrode 53 is connected to the first transparent electrode 13 and is exposed to the outside. The second lead electrode 54 is connected to the second transparent electrode 14 and is exposed to the outside.

[0257] With this configuration, the potentials of the first transparent electrode 13 and the second transparent electrode 14 can be controlled, and terminals that are exposed to the outside can be formed.

[0258] In the first electrochromic element 1 serving as the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment, the first extraction electrode 53 may penetrate both the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12, or either one of the first resin substrate 11 or the second resin substrate 12, and the sealing portion 55.

[0259] According to such a configuration, the exposure of the first extraction electrode 53 can be minimized. Therefore, degradation of the first extraction electrode 53 is suppressed, and the long-term reliability of the first electrochromic element 1 can be improved.

[0260] In the first electrochromic element 1 serving as the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment, the second extraction electrode 54 may penetrate both the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12, or either one of the first resin substrate 11 or the second resin substrate 12, and the sealing portion 55.

[0261] According to such a configuration, the exposure of the second extraction electrode 54 can be minimized. Therefore, degradation of the second extraction electrode 54 is suppressed, and the long-term reliability of the first electrochromic element 1 can be improved.

[0262] In the first electrochromic element 1 serving as the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment, the first extraction electrode 53 may be provided outside the sealing portion 55.

[0263] According to such a configuration, since the structure of the first extraction electrode 53 is simple, it can contribute to reducing the number of manufacturing steps of the first electrochromic element 1.

[0264] The first electrochromic element 1 serving as the electronic dimming element according to the embodiment may include a first auxiliary electrode 15. The first auxiliary electrode 15 is connected to the first transparent electrode 13 and has higher conductivity than the first transparent electrode 13. Further, in this case, the first extraction electrode 53 is connected to the first auxiliary electrode 15. According to such a configuration, the efficiency of controlling the potential of the first transparent electrode 13 can be improved.

[0265] In the first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, the connection portion between the first lead electrode 53 and the first auxiliary electrode 15 may have an interlocking concave-concave shape.

[0266] With this configuration, a large contact area can be secured between the first lead electrode 53 and the first auxiliary electrode 15 at the connection point. As a result, the connection resistance of the connection point can be further reduced.

[0267] In the first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, the thickness of the first auxiliary electrode 15 is preferably 500 nm or more.

[0268] With this configuration, the contact area between the first lead electrode 53 and the first auxiliary electrode 15 can be increased, further reducing the connection resistance of the connection part.

[0269] In the first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, the second lead electrode 54 may be provided on the outside of the sealing portion 55.

[0270] With this configuration, the structure of the second extraction electrode 54 is simple, which can contribute to reducing the manufacturing time of the first electrochromic element 1.

[0271] The first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment may include a second auxiliary electrode 16. The second auxiliary electrode 16 is connected to the second transparent electrode 14 and has higher conductivity than the second transparent electrode 14. In this case, the second lead electrode 54 is also connected to the second auxiliary electrode 16. This configuration allows for increased efficiency in controlling the potential of the second transparent electrode 14.

[0272] In the first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, the connection portion between the second lead electrode 54 and the second auxiliary electrode 16 may have an interlocking concave-concave shape.

[0273] With this configuration, a large contact area can be secured between the second lead electrode 54 and the second auxiliary electrode 16 at the connection point. As a result, the connection resistance of the connection point can be further reduced.

[0274] In the first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, the thickness of the second auxiliary electrode 16 is preferably 500 nm or more.

[0275] With this configuration, the contact area between the second lead electrode 54 and the second auxiliary electrode 16 can be increased, further reducing the connection resistance of the connection part.

[0276] In the first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, the first lead electrode 53 may be connected to the second conductive layer 52.

[0277] With this configuration, the first extraction electrode 53 is positioned to span the second resin substrate 12, the second conductive layer 52, and the sealing portion 55, thereby integrating them and contributing to the suppression of delamination at the interface. This improves the long-term reliability of the first electrochromic element 1.

[0278] In the first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, the second lead electrode 54 may be connected to the first conductive layer 51.

[0279] With this configuration, the second lead electrode 54 is positioned to span the first resin substrate 11, the first conductive layer 51, and the sealing portion 55, thereby integrating them and contributing to the suppression of delamination at the interface. This improves the long-term reliability of the first electrochromic element 1.

[0280] In the first electrochromic device 1 serving as the electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, when the first resin substrate 11 is viewed in a plan view, it is preferable that the total area ratio of the overlapping portions of the first transparent electrode 13 and the first conductive layer 51 with the sealing portion 55 relative to the area of the sealing portion 55 is 92.00% or more. Further, when the second resin substrate 12 is viewed in a plan view, it is preferable that the total area ratio of the overlapping portions of the second transparent electrode 14 and the second conductive layer 52 with the sealing portion 55 relative to the area of the sealing portion 55 is 92.00% or more.

[0281] According to this configuration, sufficient water vapor shielding properties can be imparted to the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12.

[0282] In the first electrochromic device 1 serving as the electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, it is preferable that the first resin substrate 11 is mainly made of a polycarbonate-based resin or a polyamide-based resin.

[0283] According to this configuration, since the polycarbonate-based resin is excellent in transparency and mechanical properties, the transparency and impact resistance of the first resin substrate 11 are improved. In addition, in addition to transparency and mechanical properties, the polyamide-based resin is excellent in chemical resistance, stress resistance and the like, so the transparency, impact resistance and reliability of the first resin substrate 11 are improved.

[0284] In the first electrochromic device 1 serving as the electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, it is preferable that the second resin substrate 12 is mainly made of a polycarbonate-based resin or a polyamide-based resin.

[0285] According to this configuration, since the polycarbonate-based resin is excellent in transparency and mechanical properties, the transparency and impact resistance of the second resin substrate 12 are improved. In addition, in addition to transparency and mechanical properties, the polyamide-based resin is excellent in chemical resistance, stress resistance and the like, so the transparency, impact resistance and reliability of the second resin substrate 12 are improved.

[0286] In the first electrochromic element 1 as an electronic dimming element according to the above embodiment, the first resin substrate 11 and the second resin substrate 12 may each be bent.

[0287] With this configuration, a first resin substrate 11 and a second resin substrate 12 can be stacked to match the curved surface of a lens, and contribute to the realization of a first electrochromic element 1 used in eyeglass lenses.

[0288] The first lens 31, which is an eyeglass lens according to the above embodiment, includes a first electrochromic element 1, which is an electronically controlled light-adjusting element according to the above embodiment. With this configuration, a first lens 31 having a light-adjusting function can be obtained.

[0289] The sunglasses 100 as eyeglasses according to the above embodiment include a first lens 31 (lens for eyeglasses). With this configuration, sunglasses 100 with a photochromic function can be obtained.

[0290] The electronic dimming element, eyeglass lens, and eyeglasses of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments or their modifications.

[0291] For example, in the electronic dimming element, eyeglass lens, and eyeglasses of the present invention, each part of the above embodiment or its modified form may be replaced with any component having a similar function, or any component may be added to the above embodiment or its modified form.

[0292] Specifically, the electrochromic element described above may have three or more electrochromic layers. Furthermore, the electrochromic layers may be composed of materials that develop color through both reduction and oxidation reactions. Additionally, the electrochromic element may have an arbitrary layer between the resin substrate and the EC functional part. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0293] 1. First electrochromic element 2. Second electrochromic element 11. First resin substrate 12. Second resin substrate 13 First transparent electrode 14 Second transparent electrode 15 1st auxiliary electrode 16 2nd auxiliary electrode 20 frames 21 Rim section 22 Bridge section 23 Temple section 24 Nose pad section 31. First lens 32. Second lens 35 Resin layer 40 Control Unit 45 Molding mold 50 protective films 51 First conductive layer 52 Second conductive layer 53 First extraction electrode 54 Second extraction electrode 55 Sealing section 57 1st separation part 58 2nd separation part 60 EC function department 63 First Electrochromic Layer 64 Second Electrochromic Layer 65 Electrolyte layer 70 colored area 91 Electrochromic elements 100 Sunglasses 210 Unprocessed raw material 220 Individual pieces before processing 250 Individual pieces after processing 911 Resin substrate 912 Resin substrate 913 Transparent electrode 914 Transparent electrode 953 Drawer electrode 954 Drawer electrode 955 Sealing part 960 EC function section 991 parts 992 Part W moisture

Claims

1. A first resin substrate and a second resin substrate, An electrochromic functional section is provided between the first resin substrate and the second resin substrate, A first transparent electrode is provided between the first resin substrate and the electrochromic functional part, and a second transparent electrode is provided between the second resin substrate and the electrochromic functional part, A sealing portion is provided between the first resin substrate and the second resin substrate, and seals the outside of the electrochromic functional portion, A first conductive layer provided on the first resin substrate and insulated from the first transparent electrode, and a second conductive layer provided on the second resin substrate and insulated from the second transparent electrode, Equipped with, When the first resin substrate is viewed in plan view, the first conductive layer is provided in a region different from the first transparent electrode. An electronic dimming element characterized in that, when the second resin substrate is viewed in plan view, the second conductive layer is provided in a region different from the second transparent electrode.

2. The electronic dimming element according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive layer is provided between the first resin substrate and the sealing portion.

3. The electronic dimming element according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive layer is provided on the side of the first resin substrate opposite to the sealing portion.

4. The first transparent electrode is connected to the first auxiliary electrode, and has a higher conductivity than the first transparent electrode, The electronic dimming element according to claim 1, wherein when the first auxiliary electrode is viewed in plan view through the first resin substrate, the second conductive layer is provided in a position that overlaps with the first auxiliary electrode.

5. The electronic dimming element according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive layer and the first transparent electrode are made of the same constituent material.

6. The electronic dimming element according to claim 1, further comprising a first lead electrode connected to the first transparent electrode and exposed to the outside, and a second lead electrode connected to the second transparent electrode and exposed to the outside.

7. The electronic dimming element according to claim 6, wherein the first lead electrode penetrates both the first resin substrate and the second resin substrate, or either the first resin substrate or the second resin substrate, and the sealing portion.

8. The electronic dimming element according to claim 7, wherein the second lead electrode penetrates both the first resin substrate and the second resin substrate, or either the first resin substrate or the second resin substrate, and the sealing portion.

9. The electronic dimming element according to claim 6, wherein the first lead electrode is provided on the outside of the sealing portion.

10. The first transparent electrode is connected to the first auxiliary electrode, and has a higher conductivity than the first transparent electrode, The electronic dimming element according to claim 9, wherein the first lead electrode is connected to the first auxiliary electrode.

11. The electronic dimming element according to claim 10, wherein the connection portion between the first lead electrode and the first auxiliary electrode has a mutually interlocking concave and concave shape.

12. The electronic dimming element according to claim 10, wherein the thickness of the first auxiliary electrode is 500 nm or more.

13. The electronic dimming element according to claim 9, wherein the second lead electrode is provided on the outside of the sealing portion.

14. The second transparent electrode is connected to the second transparent electrode and comprises a second auxiliary electrode having higher conductivity than the second transparent electrode, The electronic dimming element according to claim 13, wherein the second lead electrode is connected to the second auxiliary electrode.

15. The electronic dimming element according to claim 14, wherein the connection portion between the second lead electrode and the second auxiliary electrode has a mutually interlocking concave and concave shape.

16. The electronic dimming element according to claim 14, wherein the thickness of the second auxiliary electrode is 500 nm or more.

17. The electronic dimming element according to any one of claims 6 to 16, wherein the first lead electrode is connected to the second conductive layer.

18. The electronic dimming element according to claim 17, wherein the second extraction electrode is connected to the first conductive layer.

19. When the first resin substrate is viewed in plan view, the total area ratio of the portion where the first transparent electrode and the first conductive layer overlap with the sealing portion is 92.00% or more. The electronic dimming element according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, when the second resin substrate is viewed in plan view, the total area ratio of the portion where the second transparent electrode and the second conductive layer overlap with the sealing portion is 92.00% or more.

20. The first resin substrate is an electronic dimming element according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the first resin substrate is mainly made of a polycarbonate resin or a polyamide resin.

21. The electronic dimming element according to claim 20, wherein the second resin substrate is mainly made of a polycarbonate resin or a polyamide resin.

22. The electronic dimming element according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the first resin substrate and the second resin substrate are each bent.

23. An eyeglass lens characterized by comprising an electronic dimming element as described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

24. Eyeglasses characterized by comprising the eyeglass lenses described in claim 23.

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