Grinding device for fiber-containing materials

Abstract

This technology improves the pulverization efficiency of fiber-containing materials, shortens processing time, and also reduces the moisture content of fiber-containing materials with high moisture content. [Solution] A crushing device for fiber-containing materials such as bamboo and wood, comprising a bottomed cylindrical casing with fixed blades on its inner surface, and a wing-shaped rotating body extending radially from the axial center of the bottomed cylindrical casing and having rotating blades at its tip that are close to the fixed blades, wherein a plurality of pins are embedded in the underside of the wing-shaped rotating body. Furthermore, it is desirable that a cylindrical porous screen be installed between the inner surface of the bottomed cylindrical casing and the vane-shaped rotating body, separated by a ring-shaped void at its rear, and that a suction section be provided for drawing in gas containing crushed fiber-containing material from the ring-shaped void.

Description

[[Technical Field]]

[0001] The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus for crushing fiber-containing materials such as bamboo, which is capable of efficiently pulverizing fiber-containing materials in a short time. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus capable of crushing and drying fiber-containing materials with high moisture content, which has been difficult to achieve conventionally, and to a crushing and drying system using the same. [[Background Art]]

[0002] Currently, Japan relies on fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas for more than 80% of its energy consumption, and most of these fossil fuels are imported from overseas. Demand for these fossil fuels is expected to grow in developing countries in the future, and considering that their reserves are finite, how to secure energy for the continuous development of Japan is an important issue.

[0003] On the other hand, it is also known that fossil fuels generate greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide when burned. In recent years, global warming caused by these greenhouse gases has led to climate change in various regions, and urgent countermeasures are required. For this reason, movements to regulate greenhouse gas emissions have begun to accelerate worldwide. Against this background, renewable energy that can be self-sufficient has attracted attention in Japan in recent years from the perspectives of securing energy and protecting the global environment.

[0004] Renewable energy is energy obtained from sources such as solar power, wind power, geothermal power, small and medium hydropower, and biomass fuel, and can suppress the generation of greenhouse gases, and can be easily produced in Japan. Among these, biomass fuel in particular does not require large-scale facilities, and can utilize waste that occurs everywhere such as livestock excrement and waste materials such as wood chips that were conventionally discarded. Therefore, it is possible to build a recycling-oriented society based on the biomass business regardless of location. That is, the creation of such a biomass business can completely change the industrial structure of rural areas and also promote the sustainable development of rural areas.

[0005] In recent years, bamboo has begun to attract attention as a raw material for biomass fuel. Bamboo is a plant that grows widely west of the Kansai region, and a large amount of waste material is generated from it, leading to many expectations for its use as biomass fuel. There are several types of bamboo, including those native to Japan since ancient times, such as Madake and Hachiku, and those that were introduced from China relatively recently, such as Moso bamboo. All of these types of bamboo are not only highly prolific but also grow quickly (it is said that it takes 2 to 3 years to reach maturity), and if left unchecked, they can quickly spread throughout the surrounding area, killing other plants, or even causing the bamboo forest itself to die and the ground to become unstable. To prevent such problems, it is necessary to properly manage bamboo forests. For example, regular bamboo cutting by managers is part of management, and this results in a large amount of bamboo waste being generated on a regular basis.

[0006] Bamboo waste can be obtained relatively easily for the reasons mentioned above, and its calorific value per unit mass is approximately 4600 kcal / kg, which is comparable to commonly used lignite (approximately 4500 kcal / kg), making it suitable for use as biomass fuel. When using such bamboo waste as biomass fuel, it is crushed into pulverized material with a diameter of several millimeters, similar to other plant waste materials. However, simply crushing bamboo waste does not immediately make it usable as biomass fuel. This is because, in order to burn biomass fuel with high combustion efficiency, the moisture content of the pulverized material must be reduced beforehand, and in some cases, it is necessary to dry it until the moisture content reaches about 30% by weight. In particular, bamboo waste has a high moisture content, sometimes reaching up to 70% by weight, so it requires a much longer drying process compared to general plant-derived waste materials.

[0007] The existence of such drying processes reduces the production efficiency of biomass fuels such as bamboo waste, increases manufacturing costs, and contributes to the rise in biomass fuel prices. Therefore, one of the challenges has been how to easily and inexpensively carry out the drying process. In particular, in mountainous municipalities where large amounts of plant waste are generated, whether or not this problem can be solved could affect future development, and there is a growing need to strongly urge manufacturers to accelerate technological development.

[0008] Traditionally, local timber has been primarily used for lumber, paper pulp using fibers, plywood, and fiberboard. However, due to changes in social structure and increasing sufficiency, the amount of local timber used is decreasing. As a result, there is a growing momentum to utilize local woody biomass in new fields. While wet heat treatment has long been known to be effective in obtaining fibers from biomass, this technology requires crushing while heating in a wet state, and fibers cannot be obtained unless heating is done in the presence of moisture. This process is time-consuming, requires large-scale manufacturing equipment, and necessitates the use of large amounts of industrial water and pollution control measures. Furthermore, to obtain fibers from woody biomass, the wood is immersed in a caustic soda solution, and the lignin, a binder component firmly bound to the wood, is dissolved with an alkaline solution to obtain the fibers. The reason for this wet processing is that the woody biomass needs to be chemically defibrillated by impregnating the tissue with the solution. Furthermore, because the structure of wood is extremely strong, it is also treated by solidifying it with dry ice and then crushing it, that is, by making the tissue brittle before defibrillating it. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0009] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-026474 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-167871 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2015-052179 [Patent Document 4] Patent No. 3051981

[0010] Conventional dry grinding methods include cutter mills (cutting method), hammer mills (crushing method), impact mills (impact grinding method), and roller mills (crushing method). However, these conventional dry grinding methods cannot produce fibers from woody biomass that are lightweight, have a high aspect ratio, and possess excellent thermal insulation properties. On the other hand, there are wet methods such as the defibration method and the grinding method mentioned above, but fibers cannot be obtained without the coexistence of moisture, the work process is time-consuming, the manufacturing equipment is large-scale, and large amounts of industrial water are used, requiring measures to prevent pollution. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0011] Dry defibration machines are an excellent technology for efficiently obtaining fibers from fiber-containing materials, and they offer a significant advantage over defibration by chemical treatment. However, conventional dry defibration machines could not adequately defibrate the biomass because the defibration process relied solely on the effect of tearing the biomass in the direction of the fibers. Furthermore, if the biomass had a high moisture content, clogging and agglomeration would occur during the pulverization process, prolonging the pulverization time and thus preventing sufficient pulverization and defibration. Furthermore, conventional products involved crushing by tearing, followed by further crushing using another crushing device, and then defibration. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] Therefore, after diligent research, the inventors concluded that if a beating process could be carried out simultaneously with the tearing process during the crushing treatment, a highly efficient crushing process could be achieved. Then, we developed a pulverizing device for fiber-containing materials with the following inventive configuration. [1] A crushing apparatus for fiber-containing materials, comprising a bottomed cylindrical casing with fixed blades on its inner surface, and a wing-shaped rotating body extending radially from the axial center of the bottomed cylindrical casing and having rotating blades at its tip that are close to the fixed blades, wherein a plurality of pins are embedded in the underside of the wing-shaped rotating body. [2] The pulverization apparatus for fiber-containing material according to [1], characterized in that a cylindrical porous screen is installed between the inner surface of a bottomed cylindrical casing and a blade-shaped rotating body, with a ring-shaped void behind it, and the apparatus is further equipped with a suction unit for sucking up gas containing pulverized fiber-containing material from the ring-shaped void. [3] A crushing device for fiber-containing materials, comprising: a bottomed cylindrical casing with a plurality of fixed blades on its inner surface; a cylindrical porous screen installed inside the inner surface of the bottomed cylindrical casing, separated from the rear by a ring-shaped void; ribs installed so as to straddle the porous screen and fixing the fixed blades to the inner surface; a wing-shaped rotating body mounted radially from the axial center of the bottomed cylindrical casing in multiple vertical stages; a rotating blade fixed to the tip of the rotating body for cutting or ripping fiber-containing materials in cooperation with the fixed blades; and a suction unit for sucking gas containing the crushed fiber-containing material from the ring-shaped void and for discharging and recovering the crushed fiber-containing material to the outside via the porous screen, wherein a plurality of pins are embedded in the underside of the wing-shaped rotating body. [4] The pulverizing apparatus for fiber-containing materials according to any one of the above [1] to [3], characterized in that the rotating bodies are arranged in multiple stages vertically, and in adjacent upper and lower rotating bodies, the lower rotating body is fixed while being offset in the rotational direction from the upper rotating body. [5] The pulverizing apparatus for fiber-containing materials according to any one of the above [1] to [3], characterized in that the rotating bodies are arranged in multiple stages vertically, and in adjacent upper and lower rotating bodies, the lower rotating body is fixed while being offset in the rotational direction from the upper rotating body, and the thickness of the rotating bodies is provided to increase from the lower to the upper stages.

[0013] [6] A bottomed cylindrical casing having multiple fixed blades on its inner surface, and the bottomed cylindrical casing The device consists of a cylindrical porous screen installed inside the casing with a gap between it and the inner surface of the casing, with the fixed blade positioned inside; ribs installed so as to straddle the porous screen and fix the fixed blade to the inner surface; a fin-shaped rotating body mounted radially from the axial center of the bottomed cylindrical casing; a rotating blade fixed at its tip that works in cooperation with the fixed blade to cut or rip the fiber-containing material; and a gas suction unit that sucks gas from inside the bottomed cylindrical casing during operation and discharges and recovers the fiber-containing material that has been crushed through the porous screen to the outside, and the fin-shaped rotating body A device for crushing fiber-containing materials, characterized in that the rotating body has multiple pins implanted in its abdomen, the rotating body is arranged in multiple stages vertically, the lower rotating body is fixed in adjacent upper and lower rotating bodies with a rotational displacement from the upper rotating body, the thickness of the rotating blades is set to increase from the lower to the upper stages, and a downward suction airflow is generated against the upward airflow and the flow of the crushed fiber-containing material that occur in the bottomed cylindrical casing during operation, thereby discharging the crushed fiber-containing material from the bottomed cylindrical casing. [7] A pulverizing apparatus for fiber-containing materials according to any one of the above items [1] to [6], characterized in that a hole for implanting a pin is provided in the body of the rotating body, and various types of pins can be attached to it. [8] A pulverizing apparatus for fiber-containing materials according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the pins is circular or polygonal. [9] A pulverizing and drying system for fiber-containing materials, characterized by comprising a pulverizing device as described in any one of items [1] to [6] above, a blower, a duct, and a cyclone.

[10] A pulverizing and drying system for fiber-containing materials, characterized by comprising a pulverizing device according to any one of the above items [1] to [6], a blower, a duct, a cyclone, and a dry air or hot air supply device. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] According to the present invention, during the pulverization process, the beating step can be performed simultaneously in the step of tearing the material by the fixed blade and the rotating blade, whereby the pulverization and defibration of the object to be pulverized are promoted, the pulverization efficiency is greatly improved, and an increase in treatment amount and a reduction in treatment time can be achieved. Conventionally, additional installation of a device for beating was required, but according to the present invention, such additional installation is eliminated, and cost reduction of the device and reduction of installation space can be achieved. Furthermore, the pulverizability of fiber-containing materials with a high moisture content can be significantly improved, and the moisture content can be reduced (dried). That is, the object to be pulverized undergoes beating treatment with pins, which increases the contact surface area with air and the frequency of contact, whereby the contained moisture transfers to the air and the moisture content is reduced. These effects enable high-efficiency pulverization of fiber-containing materials with high moisture content by dry pulverization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] [Figure 1] It is an external perspective view of a pulverizer according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a partial cross-sectional side view of a pulverizer according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] It is a perspective view of a rotating body having pins implanted therein of the pulverizer according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] It is a plan view showing a state where a plurality of rotating bodies of the pulverizer according to an embodiment of the present invention are attached with their attachment positions shifted. [Figure 5] It is a plan view showing the implantation positions of pins on the rotating body of the pulverizer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a partial enlarged view thereof. [Figure 6] It shows a structure in which a rotary blade is attached at a predetermined inclination angle α. [Figure 7] It is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a solid line circle shown in FIG. 4. [Figure 8] It is a schematic diagram of a pulverization system according to an embodiment of the present invention. MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0016] Next, a mode for carrying out the invention will be described.

[0017] Figure 1 is an external perspective view of the present invention, Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a grinding apparatus according to an embodiment, and Figure 3 is a perspective view of a rotating body with pins embedded in it according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 1, a wing-shaped rotating body 5 is installed inside a bottomed cylindrical casing 2, and a rotating blade 4 made of a superhard alloy, high-speed steel, or the like is fixed to its tip. Furthermore, a fixed blade 3 (made of the same material as the rotating blade 4 described above) is provided on the inner surface 2c of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2. Furthermore, a cylindrical porous screen 7 is installed between the fixed blade 3 and the bottomed cylindrical casing 2. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2, there is a ring-shaped void S between the cylindrical porous screen 7 and the inner surface 2c of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2, and this void S is in communication with the suction section 8 below. The most distinctive feature of the present invention is that, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 (perspective view of the rotating body), a plurality of pins (rods) 6 are embedded in the abdomen 5a of the wing-shaped rotating body 5. The pins are preferably made of a hard and tough material such as steel or high-speed steel, and their shape may be circular, elliptical, polygonal, or the like in cross-section. Furthermore, it is preferable that they be removably fixed. Due to the action of the pins 6, the fine fragments of the fiber-containing material crushed by the fixed blades 3 and rotating blades 4 are further struck and beaten by the pins 6 embedded in the abdomen 5a of the blade-shaped rotating body 5 within the same crushing device, resulting in fine pulverization.

[0018] The device also includes a porous screen 7, a rotating blade 4 mounted on the axis of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 and working in cooperation with a fixed blade 3 to cut fiber-containing materials, and a gas suction unit 8 that sucks gas from inside the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 during operation and discharges and recovers the material to be pulverized to the outside through the porous screen 7. As shown in Figure 4, the wing-shaped rotating bodies 5 are mounted with a slight vertical offset from each other and arranged in a helical structure so that they generate an upward airflow within the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 as they rotate, thereby enabling gradual pulverization by generating an upward airflow. Rotating blades 4 are evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the rotating surface of the rotating body 5, and multiple rotating bodies 5 are arranged spaced apart vertically in the direction of their rotation axis. Furthermore, the gas suction section 8 is formed to communicate with the inner surface 2c of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 from the bottom down to the bottom in order to discharge and recover the material to be pulverized, and generates a large downward suction airflow to counteract the upward airflow and flow of the material to be pulverized that occur inside the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 when the pulverizer is in operation.

[0019] In a pulverizer 1 with the above configuration, the rotation of two or more rotating bodies 5, which are installed vertically at intervals, creates an upward airflow within the bottomed cylindrical casing 2, making it easier for the material to be pulverized to be blown up. The pulverized material obtained after passing through the porous screen is then discharged outside the machine through the gas suction pipe 8a. As a result, the pulverized material passes through the porous screen 7 more frequently, making it less likely for the pulverized material to accumulate at the bottom of the closed-bottom cylindrical casing 2, thus improving work efficiency.

[0020] Furthermore, the upward airflow generated by the rotation of the rotating body 5 makes it difficult for the falling velocity of the material to be pulverized to increase even when subjected to the suction airflow from the gas suction unit 8. Additionally, the installation of multiple rotating bodies 5 increases the number of contacts between the material to be pulverized and the rotating blades 4. These two effects enable the material to be pulverized more finely.

[0021] The pulverizing apparatus 1 according to the present invention is intended to handle fiber-containing materials, specifically plant waste such as bamboo waste, as well as old cloth, wood chips, pulp sheets, etc. However, it can also be applied to solid materials other than fiber-containing materials, such as plastics, food ingredients, pharmaceuticals, etc., as long as they are relatively soft and do not damage the rotating blades. [Examples]

[0022] Furthermore, the grinding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is an external perspective view of a grinding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a grinding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 1 and 2 show the crushing device with the top cover, which is normally installed, removed to make the internal components easier to see.

[0023] Here, the crushing device 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is a device that feeds fiber-containing material, such as bamboo waste, from above and crushes the fiber-containing material by cutting or tearing it. As mentioned earlier, the target fiber-containing material (also called fibrous material) is not limited to bamboo waste, but may also include other wood chips, cloth, pulp sheets, etc. Furthermore, in Figure 2, although the rotating bodies 51 to 55 differ in thickness, the configuration of the rotating blade 4 itself is common. For this reason, identical components are indicated by the same reference numerals, and the same applies to other related figures.

[0024] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the crushing apparatus 1 of this embodiment comprises a bottomed cylindrical casing 2 equipped with a fixed blade 3 on its inner surface 2c, a circular floor plate 2b smaller than the inner diameter of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 and installed with a gap S between it and the inner bottom surface 2a of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2, and a cylindrical porous screen 7 erected on the outer peripheral edge of the circular floor plate 2b with a gap S between it and the inner surface 2c, and a five-stage fin-shaped rotating body 5 (51 to 54) mounted on the axial center of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 and cooperating with the fixed blade 3 to cut or rip fiber-containing material. The tip of the fin-shaped rotating body 5 is equipped with rotating blades 4, 41 to 45. Furthermore, the crushing device 1 has a gas suction unit 8 for sucking gas from inside the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 while the crushing device 1 is in operation, and for discharging and recovering the crushed fiber-containing material that has passed through the cylindrical porous screen 7 to the outside. Furthermore, a motor M for rotating the rotating bodies 51 to 54 is housed within a base 9 located below the bottomed cylindrical casing 2. The motor M is connected to a power supply (not shown). As mentioned above, the fiber-containing material is fed into the crushing device 1 from the top and crushed. More specifically, the fiber-containing material is fed into the crushing device 1 from a hopper provided in a top lid (not shown), and the fiber-containing material falls into the rotating porous screen 7 of the rotating bodies 51 to 54 where it is cut or otherwise processed.

[0025] Here, the fixed blade 3 and the cylindrical porous screen 7 are located inside the inner surface 2c of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 and are fixed by three ribs 2d (see Figure 1) formed parallel to the axial direction of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2. By fixing the ribs 2d so as to straddle the porous screen 7, the fixed blade 3 is positioned on the inner side of the porous screen 7. While there are no particular limitations on the number and arrangement of the ribs 2d, it is preferable that the ribs 2d are arranged at equal intervals on the inner surface 2c, as this allows for stable fixing of the circular floor plate 2b and the perforated screen 7. However, even if the ribs 2d are not evenly spaced, they do not need to be evenly spaced if they can be stably installed by making the circular floor plate 2b and the perforated screen 7 from rigid materials, for example.

[0026] Furthermore, in Figure 2, the spacing between the rotating bodies 51 to 54 and the porous screen 7 appears to widen from the uppermost rotating body 51 to the lowermost rotating body 54, but this does not indicate that the rotating bodies 52 to 54 have smaller diameters than the rotating body 51. Since the rotating bodies 52 to 54 are fixed at a position slightly rotated in the direction of rotation relative to the upper rotating blade, the gap between the rotating body and the porous screen appears to widen in the diagram (see Figure 3). This arrangement of the rotating bodies 51 to 54 results in the faces of each rotating body on the side facing the direction of rotation forming a single large inclined surface with respect to the axis of rotation. Furthermore, as will be described later, an upward airflow is generated by the rotation of the inclined surface formed by the rotating bodies 51 to 54 as a whole.

[0027] In addition, the thickness of each of the rotating bodies 51 to 54 is different, decreasing from the rotating body 51 on the upper side to the rotating body 54 on the lower side. Furthermore, the spacing between the rotating bodies 51 to 54 also decreases from top to bottom due to the annular spacers 9, 91 to 94. Furthermore, the thickness and spacing of the rotating bodies 51 to 54 are not specifically defined and can be determined arbitrarily, except that the thickness and spacing decrease from top to bottom as described above. This is because the amount of material to be crushed and the type of material to be crushed vary depending on the user, and the specifications of the crushing device 1 may inevitably change accordingly.

[0028] Figure 5 is a plan view and a partially enlarged view of the rotating body of a grinding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, with pins embedded in it. Pins 61-64 are pins 6 for defibrating the material to be crushed by beating, and are preferably implanted in the abdominal portion 5a of the rotating body 5, 51-54. In the figure, they are attached to the upper surface of the rotating body 5, but they may also be attached to the lower surface or the side. When attaching them to the upper and lower surfaces, it is necessary to set the mounting hole positions for the pins on each rotating body so that they do not come into contact with each other, and so that the spacing between the pins 6 can be changed depending on the condition of the material to be crushed. The shape of the pins, the arrangement of the pins, and the number of pins should preferably be selected based on experiments with the material to be crushed.

[0029] On the other hand, the circular floor plate 2b is attached to the lower end of the rib 2d in order to be fixed in isolation from the inner bottom surface 2a. However, instead of installing the circular floor plate 2b in this manner, it is also possible to simply erect a porous screen 7 on the inner bottom surface 2a. However, if multiple gas suction sections 8 are not formed, it is possible that the porous screen 7 may obstruct the suction of the crushed material that has fallen onto the inner bottom surface 2a, preventing sufficient suction. This is thought to be particularly likely to occur when processing materials with a high specific gravity, such as bamboo waste, or when the suction force is low. Therefore, if the number of gas suction units 8 cannot be increased due to space constraints, or if the suction force of the blower (not shown) used for suction is low, it is desirable to install the circular floor plate 2b at a distance from the inner bottom surface 2a, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.

[0030] Furthermore, the circular floor plate 2b may be made of a perforated plate, like the perforated screen 7. However, if the diameter of the holes is made too large, it will be easier for material to pass through, making it difficult to obtain crushed material of the desired size. Therefore, when setting the diameter of the holes, it is necessary to carefully consider the target diameter of the crushed material. On the other hand, there are no specific rules regarding how to fix the fixed blade 3, but a method of fixing it with bolts or the like is considered preferable in order to facilitate replacement work in the event of damage.

[0031] Next, the structure of the rotating bodies 51 to 54 will be described in detail with reference to Figures 2 to 5. Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of a crushing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The arrows in the figure indicate the direction of rotation, and in order to make it easier to understand the positional relationship between the rotating bodies 51 to 54 and the fixed blades 3, the figure shows, as an example, the state when one fixed blade 3 is close to the rotating blade 41. Also, in Figure 2, in order to make each component easier to see, the reference numerals have been partially omitted for multiple identical components. As shown in Figure 3, each of the rotating bodies 51 to 54 has a structure with a abdomen 5a that has three blades to generate an upward airflow within the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 when rotated, and rotating blades 4 attached to blade mounting parts that are equally spaced on the outer circumference of the rotating surface of the abdomen 5a. These rotating bodies 51 to 54 are installed spaced apart in the direction of the rotation axis by spacers 91 to 94 (see Figure 2). In the embodiment of the present invention, all rotating bodies have a structure with three blades, but there is no particular limit to the number of blades, and the number of blades may differ for each rotating blade.

[0032] Figure 5 is a plan view of each rotating body (52-54). Each rotating body has holes (tapped holes) for attaching pins 6, and the pins can be positioned in several patterns depending on the physical properties and size of the material to be crushed. The enlarged view of Figure 5 (right side) shows examples of the placement positions of the pins 6 attached to each rotating body 5. The length and diameter of the mounting pins are varied according to the size of each rotating body.

[0033] The cross-sectional structure of the rotating blades 41 to 45 will be explained using Figures 6 and 7. Figure 6 shows the rotating blade 41. Since the cross-sectional structure of the rotating blades 42 to 45 is the same as that of the rotating blade 41, their explanation will be omitted here.

[0034] As described above, the rotating blade 41 has a cross-sectional structure suitable for generating an upward airflow when it rotates. Figure 6 shows a specific cross-sectional structure, where the front end surface 5e of the rotating blade 41 is inclined at a predetermined inclination angle α with respect to the rotation axis, generating an upward airflow in the direction of the front end surface 5e when it moves in the direction of the arrow due to rotation. The inclination angle α here is acute, and is preferably 2 to 10 degrees, as described in the prior patent invention in Patent Document 1.

[0035] Furthermore, the relationship between the rotating blades 41 to 45 and the fixed blade 3 will be explained. Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the area enclosed by the solid circle shown in Figure 4. Note that the rotating blade shown in Figure 7 is rotating blade 41, but the relationship between rotating blades 42 to 45 and the fixed blade 3 is the same, so the explanation of the other rotating blades 42 to 45 is omitted here. Also, the arrows in the figure indicate the direction of rotation of the rotating blade. As shown in Figure 7, the rotating blade 41 is formed such that the angle θ between its end face and the end face of the fixed blade 3 is obtuse. This structure makes the rotating blade and fixed blade less susceptible to damage.

[0036] Finally, as shown in Figure 2 above, a gas suction section 8 is formed on the inner surface 2c located between the inner bottom surface 2a and the circular floor plate 2b of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2. A blower (not shown) is connected to this gas suction section 8, which generates an airflow directed towards the gas suction section 8 within the bottomed cylindrical casing 2. As a result, while the crushing device 1 is in operation, the gas suction section 8 applies a downward suction airflow to the fiber-containing material being crushed within the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 while sucking it in.

[0037] In a crushing device 1 with the above configuration, the fiber-containing material introduced into the porous screen 7 is stirred up by the upward airflow caused by the rotation of the rotating bodies 51 to 54, and further, by the downward suction airflow from the gas suction section 8, causing it to flow within the bottomed cylindrical casing 2. Here, the upward airflow generated within the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 is generated by the rotation of the rotating blades 41 to 45, which have a blade structure, and the rotation of the slope formed by the front end faces of the rotating blades 41 to 45 working together. In addition, the greater the thickness of the rotating blade, the greater the amount of air moved per rotation, so thicker rotating blades also have the effect of increasing the velocity of the upward airflow. Furthermore, the rotating blades 41 to 45, whose thickness increases from the lower to the upper levels, also have the effect of increasing the amount of contact between the rotating blades and the fixed blades 3 as you move towards the upper levels.

[0038] As shown in Figure 5, tap pin holes in the abdominal surface 5a of each rotating body 5 to provide a pin mill function. By processing and implanting multiple pins 6, it is possible to attach the pins to the abdomen 5a of each rotating body. The spacing and number of pins can be changed to match the size and shape of the material being crushed. Furthermore, by using pins of different diameters and shapes, it is possible to accommodate materials of varying sizes and hardness. The material to be pulverized, torn in the gap between the fixed blade 3 and the rotating blade 4, is further pulverized as it rises, and is then beaten by the pins 6 at each stage during the upward process. Pulverization by tearing and beating is repeated simultaneously. This process accelerates pulverization, increasing the surface area of ​​the material to be pulverized and making it easier to dry. As a result, clogging due to aggregation has been observed with materials with high moisture content, and this process accelerates the amount of pulverization and drying. The material pulverized at each stage rises, undergoing simultaneous tearing and beating at each stage as it is sent to the upper stage. This makes it possible to efficiently pulverize and dry the material to be pulverized.

[0039] Furthermore, the distance between the stages of the installed rotating blades decreases from top to bottom, resulting in a decrease in the volume of space between the rotating blades where the fiber-containing material is not cut by the rotating blades and the fixed blade 3, as you move downwards. The fiber-containing material that has passed through the porous screen 7 then reaches the inner bottom surface 2a of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 and is discharged outside the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 by the suction airflow from the gas suction section 8.

[0040] As a result of the above actions, by allowing the fiber-containing material to flow within the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 of the crushing device 1, the frequency of cutting by the rotating blades 4 and stationary blades 3 increases, thereby promoting pulverization. Furthermore, since the contact amount with the stationary blades 3 increases with the thickness of the upper rotating blades 4, it becomes possible to efficiently pulverize relatively large fiber-containing materials immediately after input.

[0041] Furthermore, the upward airflow on the upper side of the closed-bottom cylindrical casing 2 can be increased by the rotating body 5, which reduces the falling speed of the relatively large fiber-containing material immediately after input, making it less likely to fall and promoting pulverization. As the process progresses, some of the fiber-containing material moves to the lower inner bottom surface 2a, where the thickness of the rotating blades decreases and the upward airflow is weakened. Therefore, the suction airflow becomes dominant below the closed-bottom cylindrical casing 2, and the fiber-containing material can be smoothly discharged from the gas suction section 6, thus improving the pulverization capacity.

[0042] In addition, the volume of the space between the rotating blades 4, where the fiber-containing material is not cut, decreases towards the lower side, thereby increasing the frequency with which the fiber-containing material is cut by the rotating blades 4 and the fixed blade 3 at the lower end. As a result, in the lower part of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2, where the fiber-containing material aggregates and has a higher bulk density than the upper part, the spacing between the rotating blades is narrowed, making it possible to crush the fiber-containing material more efficiently than in the prior patent invention described in Patent Document 1.

[0043] Then, when the pulverized fiber-containing material that has passed through the porous screen 7 falls onto the inner bottom surface 2a of the bottomed cylindrical casing 2, it is discharged from the gas suction section 8 by the suction airflow. This prevents the pulverized fiber-containing material from accumulating at the bottom, allowing for continuous pulverization. As a result, there is no need to remove the material each time, as in batch processing, enabling efficient production.

[0044] Figure 8 shows a crushing and drying system incorporating a crushing device. Raw materials are fed from the raw material silo 10 via a conveyor 11, and the finely crushed material is sucked up by a blower 14, passes through a duct 15, is separated from the water vapor-containing air by a cyclone 16, and recovered in the crushed material silo 17. [Industrial applicability]

[0045] Potential large-scale applications include fuel pellets utilizing various types of crushed biomass for power generation, boiler facilities, and household stoves. In conventional granular fuel pellet applications, using raw materials crushed with conventional mills resulted in poor resistance to humidity due to the compression molding process. This technology makes it possible to obtain fibrous raw materials, which is expected to improve performance. Furthermore, it can provide insulation materials for buildings and houses. The defibrated material obtained by this invention can be used as an insulation material for buildings and houses, generating large-scale demand. The mat material can be used as an insulation material or in various components requiring insulation performance, while the board material can be used as a reinforcing filler or lightweight board to reduce weight. Other potential applications include use as an agricultural material, a material for slope greening, and as a raw material for producing cellulose nanofibers. Therefore, it can be used in the manufacture of many industrial products, including blown-in insulation materials.

[0046] The present invention can be used as a grinding and drying system for finely grinding fiber-containing materials. [Explanation of symbols]

[0047] 1… Grinding device 2…Bottomed cylindrical casing 2a…Inner bottom surface 2b... Circular floorboard 2c…Inner surface 2d... Rib 3…Fixed blade 4, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45… Rotary blades 5, 51, 52, 53, 54… Solids of revolution 5a…Abdomen 5b... Feather 5c... Blade attachment part 5e...front end surface 6... pin 7. Cylindrical porous screen 8...Gas suction section 9... Pedestal 91, 92, 93, 94… Ring-shaped spacers 10… Raw material silo 11... Conveyor 12…Crushing system 13…Dry air 14... Blower 15... Duct 16...Cyclone 17... Silo for crushed products M...motor S...Void part

Claims

1. A crushing apparatus for fiber-containing materials, characterized by comprising a bottomed cylindrical casing with fixed blades on its inner surface, and a wing-shaped rotating body extending radially from the axial center of the bottomed cylindrical casing and having rotating blades at its tip that are close to the fixed blades, wherein a plurality of pins are embedded in the underside of the wing-shaped rotating body.

2. The pulverization apparatus for fiber-containing material according to claim 1, characterized in that a cylindrical porous screen is installed between the inner surface of a bottomed cylindrical casing and a vane-shaped rotating body, separated by a ring-shaped void at its rear, and the apparatus is further equipped with a suction unit for sucking up gas containing pulverized fiber-containing material from the ring-shaped void.

3. A device for crushing fiber-containing materials, comprising: a bottomed cylindrical casing with a plurality of fixed blades on its inner surface; a cylindrical porous screen installed inside the inner surface of the bottomed cylindrical casing, separated from the rear by a ring-shaped void; ribs installed so as to straddle the porous screen and fixing the fixed blades to the inner surface; a wing-shaped rotating body mounted radially from the axial center of the bottomed cylindrical casing in multiple vertical stages; a rotating blade fixed to the tip of the rotating body for cutting or ripping fiber-containing materials in cooperation with the fixed blades; and a suction unit for sucking gas containing the crushed fiber-containing material from the ring-shaped void and for discharging and recovering the crushed fiber-containing material to the outside via the porous screen, wherein a plurality of pins are embedded in the underside of the wing-shaped rotating body.

4. The pulverizing apparatus for fiber-containing materials according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotating bodies are arranged in multiple stages vertically, and in adjacent upper and lower rotating bodies, the lower rotating body is fixed while being offset in the rotational direction from the upper rotating body.

5. The pulverizing apparatus for fiber-containing materials according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotating body is provided in multiple stages vertically, and in adjacent upper and lower rotating bodies, the lower rotating body is fixed while being offset in the rotational direction from the upper rotating body, and the thickness of the rotating body is provided to increase from the lower to the upper stages.

6. A bottomed cylindrical casing with multiple fixed blades on its inner surface; a cylindrical porous screen installed inside the bottomed cylindrical casing with a gap between it and the inner surface, with the fixed blades positioned inside; ribs installed across the porous screen to fix the fixed blades to the inner surface; a fin-shaped rotating body mounted radially from the axial center of the bottomed cylindrical casing; a rotating blade fixed at its tip that works in cooperation with the fixed blades to cut or rip fiber-containing material; and a gas for sucking gas from inside the bottomed cylindrical casing during operation and for discharging and recovering the pulverized fiber-containing material through the porous screen to the outside. A crushing apparatus for fiber-containing material, comprising a suction section, a wing-shaped rotating body having a plurality of pins embedded in its abdomen, the rotating body being arranged in multiple stages vertically, with the lower rotating body fixed to adjacent upper and lower rotating bodies while being offset in the rotational direction from the upper rotating body, and the thickness of the rotating blades being set to increase from the lower to the upper stages, thereby generating a downward suction airflow against the upward airflow and the flow of the crushed fiber-containing material generated within the bottomed cylindrical casing during operation, and discharging the crushed fiber-containing material from the bottomed cylindrical casing.

7. A pulverizing apparatus for fiber-containing materials according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a hole for implanting a pin is provided in the abdomen of the rotating body, and various types of pins can be attached to it.

8. A pulverizing apparatus for fiber-containing materials according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the pins is circular or polygonal.

9. A pulverizing and drying system for fiber-containing materials, characterized by comprising a pulverizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, a blower, a duct, and a cyclone.

10. A pulverizing and drying system for fiber-containing materials, characterized by comprising a pulverizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, a blower, a duct, a cyclone, and a dry air or hot air supply device.

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