Surgical fluorescent probes used for tumor detection

Abstract

We provide an optical sensor system for detecting tissue type during surgical procedures. [Solution] The optical sensor system comprises: a probe comprising an excitation source configured to selectively emit excitation light; a compliance member coupled to a fiber configured to illuminate target tissue with excitation light and collect light from the target tissue, the compliance member being at least partially translucent and configured to deform in response to engagement with a surgical instrument; and an indicator element configured to emit light in response to the reception of an indicator signal; an optical detection module configured to generate a signal based on the collected light; and a controller configured to determine tissue characteristics based on the signal and generate an indicator signal based on the determined tissue characteristics.

Description

Background Art

[0001] Glioma tumors can arise from glial cells in the brain or spine. In many cases, for resection of the tumor, a surgical procedure, more specifically tumor resection is performed. Surgery for tumor resection aims to achieve gross total resection (GTR). A highly malignant form of glioma is glioblastoma. In patients with glioblastoma, GTR has been shown to extend patient lifespan by approximately 40% (e.g., from 10 months to 14 months). In patients with low-grade glioma, GTR improves overall survival rates.

[0002] In many cases, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is administered to the patient several hours before surgery. 5-ALA is a naturally occurring compound in the heme biosynthesis pathway. In cancer cells, heme synthesis is inhibited, and the pathway stalls at an intermediate compound called protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). During surgery, medical personnel can illuminate areas of brain tissue with excitation light (i.e., blue light) from a surgical microscope. Surgery is often performed in a dark or dimly lit operating room environment. Viable tumor cells containing PPIX absorb the excitation light and emit red fluorescence with specific optical properties. This fluorescence can be seen by medical personnel via the surgical microscope.

[0003] Once the target tissue is identified, medical personnel switch back to standard white light illumination on the surgical microscope and continue resecting the target tissue. Throughout the surgical procedure, medical personnel switch between white light illumination of the tissue and excitation light to ensure that all appropriate target tissue is resected until the tumor resection is complete. The illumination of the tissue is switched alternately. The target area is illuminated by excitation light from the surgical microscope. Each time it is revealed, the PPIX present in the tumor site is illuminated by strong excitation light. It may deteriorate due to light fading.

[0004] Fluorescence-guided surgery may enable GTR in severe tumors, such as glioblastoma. To enhance the chances of success. Currently, the GTR of mild tumors is relatively low because tumor cells are at low levels. It emits only a very low level of fluorescence, and even with a surgical microscope, such a low level of fluorescence is invisible to the human eye. Because it does not have sufficient sensitivity to detect light, 5- This is because ALA cannot be used. Fluorescence improves the possibility of achieving GTR. An improved system is needed for guided surgery.

[0005] The background information provided herein is generally intended to present the context of this disclosure. The inventors' studies are described in this background art section as far as they are concerned. Similar to the descriptions that may not qualify as prior art at the time of filing, the present disclosure This is not explicitly or implicitly recognized as prior art. [Overview of the project]

[0006] One feature describes an optical sensor system for detecting tissue type during surgical procedures. The optical sensor system consists of an excitation source, a probe, an optical detection module, and a controller. The excitation source is configured to selectively emit excitation light. The probe is connected to the excitation source. It binds to the target tissue, illuminating it with excitation light and collecting light from the target tissue. The probe comprises at least one fiber configured in such a way. It also includes a compliance member that is bonded to the ib, and the compliance member is at least part It is partially translucent and configured to deform in response to the engagement of surgical instruments. Another portion of the fiber is placed inside the compliance member. The probe is small At the very least, it is placed partially within the compliance component and responds to the reception of an indicator signal. It also includes an indicator element configured to emit light. The optical detection module is small At the very least, it is coupled to a single fiber and configured to generate a signal based on the collected light. The controller is operationally connected to the optical detection module and, based on the signal, organizes It determines the characteristics and generates indicator signals based on the determined organizational characteristics. It is composed of sea urchin.

[0007] One feature describes an optical sensor system for detecting tissue type during surgical procedures. The optical sensor system consists of an excitation source, a probe, an optical detection module, and a controller. The excitation source is configured to selectively emit excitation light. The probe is connected to the excitation source. It binds to the target tissue, illuminating it with excitation light and collecting light from the target tissue. The probe comprises at least one fiber configured in such a way. It also includes a sensor body that is coupled to the distal end of the probe. The probe is operated with surgical instruments. It also includes a tab configured to do so. The tab has at least one f It is coupled to the fiber. The probe provides a display in response to the reception of an indicator signal. It also includes an indicator configured as follows. The optical detection module has at least one file coupled to the bar and configured to generate a signal based on the collected light. A controller is operatively connected to the optical detection module, determines tissue characteristics based on the signal, and is configured to generate an indicator signal based on the determined tissue characteristics.

[0008] In one aspect, an attachment for an optical probe is described. The optical probe comprises at least one fiber, an indicator element, and a sensor. The at least one fib er is configured to illuminate a target tissue with excitation light and collect fluorescence from the target tissue The indicator element is configured to emit display light. The sensor itsel f comprises a compliant material that is at least partially translucent to allow at least one of excitation light, fluorescence, and display light to pass therethroug h. The complian t material is electrically insulating, thermally insulating, and is formed of a material configured to deform in response to engagement by a surgical instrumen t.

[0009] In one aspect, a method of detecting light emitted from brain tissue using an optical sensor system is described. The optical sensor system comprises an excitation source, a probe, and an optical detection modu le. The probe comprises at least one fiber coupled to the excitation source. The prob further additionally comprises a deformable compliance member coupled to the at least one fib er. The compliance member is at least partially translucent. The probe further comprises an indicator element at leas t partially disposed within the compliance member. The optic al detection module is operatively connected to the at least one fiber and the optical detection modu coupled to a controller. The method comprises positioning the suction tool such that the protrusion is positioned adjacent to the lumen of the suction tool . The method further comprises applying suction with the suction tool such that the protrusion is disposed within the lumen of the suction tool . The method further comprises moving the compliance member to a desired position with the suction tool. The method further comprises modifying suction of the suction tool such that the suction releases the compliance member. The method further comprises emitting excitation light with an excitation source. The method further comprises illuminating brain tissue with the excitation light using at least one fiber. The method further comprises collecting fluorescence from the brain tissue using at least one fiber. The method further comprises generating a signal based on the collected fluorescence using an optical detection module. The method further comprises determining a tissue characteristic based on the signal using a controller. The method further comprises generating an indicator signal based on the determined tissue characteristic using a controller. The method further comprises emitting light with an indicator element in response to receiving the indicator signal. In one aspect, a method of detecting light emitted from brain tissue using an optical sensor system is described. The optical sensor system comprises an excitation source, a probe, and an optical detection module . The probe comprises at least one fiber coupled to the excitation source. The probe further comprises a deformable compliance member coupled to the at least one fiber. The compliance member is at least partially translucent

[0010] . The probe is at least Wait correction, let's fix the line alignment strictly, same number of lines, correct splitting: coupled to the controller. The method includes positioning the suction tool such that the protrusion is positioned near the lumen of the suction tool , and comprises positioning the suction tool. The method further comprises applying suction via the suction tool such that the protrusion is disposed within the lumen of the suction tool . The method further comprises moving the compliance member to a desired position via the suction tool. The method further comprises adjusting the suction of the suction tool such that the suction releases the compliance member. The method further comprises emitting excitation light via an excitation source. The method further comprises illuminating brain tissue with excitation light using at least one fiber. The method further comprises collecting fluorescence emitted from the brain tissue using at least one fiber. The method further comprises collecting fluorescence from the brain tissue using at least one fiber. The method further comprises generating a signal based on the collected fluorescence using an optical detection module . The method further comprises generating a signal based on the collected fluorescence using an optical detection module . The method further comprises determining tissue characteristics based on the signal using a controller . The method further comprises generating an indicator signal based on the determined tissue characteristics using a controller . The method further comprises emitting light via an indicator element in response to receiving the indicator signal .

[0010] In one aspect, a method for detecting light emitted from brain tissue using an optical sensor system is described . The optical sensor system comprises an excitation source, a probe, and an optical detection module . The probe comprises at least one fiber coupled to the excitation source. The probe further comprises a deformable compliance member coupled to the at least one fiber . The compliance member is at least partially translucent. The probe is at least No, that's wrong, strictly follow original line breaks, each original line is one translated line, split exactly the same way as original Japanese line split: Final correct version: coupled to a controller obtained thereby. The method comprises positioning the suction tool such that the protrusion is positioned adjacent to the lumen of the suction tool . The method comprises positioning the suction tool. The method further comprises applying suction with the suction tool such that the protrusion is disposed within the lumen of the suction tool. The method further comprises moving the compliance member to a desired position with the suction tool. The method further comprises modifying suction of the suction tool such that the suction releases the compliance member. The method further comprises emitting excitation light with an excitation source. The method further comprises illuminating brain tissue with excitation light using at least one fiber. The method further comprises collecting fluorescence from the brain tissue using at least one fiber. The method further comprises collecting fluorescence from the brain tissue using at least one fiber. The method further comprises generating a signal based on the collected fluorescence using an optical detection module . The method further comprises generating a signal based on the collected fluorescence using an optical detection module . The method further comprises determining a tissue characteristic based on the signal using a controller . The method further comprises generating an indicator signal based on the determined tissue characteristic using a controller . The method further comprises emitting light with an indicator element in response to receiving the indicator signal .

[0010] In one aspect, a method of detecting light emitted from brain tissue using an optical sensor system is described. The optical sensor system comprises an excitation source, a probe, and an optical detection module . The probe comprises at least one fiber coupled to the excitation source. The probe further comprises a deformable compliance member coupled to the at least one fiber . The compliance member is at least partially translucent. The probe is at least It further comprises indicator elements that are partially positioned within the compliance member. The detection module has at least one fiber and is operationally connected to the optical detection module. This method is coupled to a controller. This method involves engaging the compliance member with a surgical instrument in such a way that it deforms. The law also includes moving compliance members to the desired position using surgical instruments. This method also includes emitting excitation light from an excitation source. This method involves at least one F This also includes illuminating brain tissue with excitation light using a fiber. This method also includes collecting fluorescence from brain tissue using a fiber. This also includes generating a signal based on the collected fluorescence using Joules. This also includes determining tissue characteristics based on signals using a controller. This also includes using rollers to generate indicator signals based on established tissue characteristics. This method involves emitting light through an indicator element in response to the reception of an indicator signal. This also includes doing so.

[0011] One feature describes an optical sensor system for detecting tissue type during surgical procedures. The optical sensor system consists of an excitation source, a probe, an optical detection module, and a controller. The excitation source is configured to selectively emit excitation light. The probe is connected to the excitation source. It binds to the target tissue, illuminating it with excitation light and collecting light from the target tissue. The probe comprises at least one fiber configured in such a way. It also includes a compliance member that is bonded to the Iba and is at least partially translucent. The pliance member is configured to deform in response to the engagement of a surgical instrument. Another portion of the fiber is placed inside the compliance member. The probe is It also includes an indicator configured to provide a display in response to the reception of an indicator signal. The optical detection module is coupled to at least one fiber and is based on the collected light. It is configured to generate a signal. The controller is operationally connected to the optical detection module. The process continues, and based on the signal, the organizational characteristics are determined, and based on the determined organizational characteristics, It is configured to generate an indicator signal.

[0012] Further areas of applicability of this disclosure are evident from the detailed description, claims, and drawings. This will likely be the case. Detailed explanations and specific examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not included in this publication. This is not intended to limit the scope of the indication.

[0013] This disclosure will be better understood from the detailed description and accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0014] [Figure 1] This figure shows the neurosurgical system relating to the teachings of this disclosure. [Figure 2] This is a functional block diagram of the neurosurgical system related to the teachings in this disclosure. [Figure 3] This figure shows an ultrasonic surgical system for neurosurgical systems related to the teachings of this disclosure. [Figure 4] This figure shows a tissue detection system for a neurosurgical system related to the teachings of this disclosure. [Figure 5] This is a functional block diagram of the tissue detection system for the neurosurgical system related to the teachings of this disclosure. [Figure 6A] This figure shows the optical module of the tissue detection system relating to the teachings of this disclosure. [Figure 6B] This figure shows the optical module of the tissue detection system relating to the teachings of this disclosure. [Figure 7A] This is an exploded view of some components of the optical module of the tissue detection system relating to the teachings of this disclosure. [Figure 7B] This is an exploded view of some components of the optical module of the tissue detection system relating to the teachings of this disclosure. [Figure 8] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system equipped with a carrier relating to the teachings of this disclosure. [Figure 9] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system equipped with a clip related to the teachings of this disclosure. [Figure 10] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system, which is equipped with a protrusion related to the teaching of this disclosure. [Figure 11] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system equipped with an anchor related to the teachings of this disclosure. [Figure 12] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system, comprising a compliance member having multiple ridges as taught in this disclosure. [Figure 13] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system, which is equipped with a compliance member having a protrusion as taught in this disclosure. [Figure 14] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system, which includes a cylindrical compliance member as taught in this disclosure. [Figure 15] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system, which includes a cone-shaped compliance member as taught in this disclosure. [Figure 16] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system, which includes a compliance member having a rectangular shape as taught in this disclosure. [Figure 17] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system, comprising a reversible C-shaped compliance member as taught in this disclosure. [Figure 18A]This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system having a reversible C-shape as shown in the diffusion position, as taught in this disclosure. [Figure 18B] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system having a reversible C-shape as shown in the focus position, as taught in this disclosure. [Figure 19] This figure shows a cross-sectional area of ​​a sample probe of a tissue detection system related to the teaching of this disclosure. [Figure 20] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system equipped with a compliance member in an illuminated state, as taught in this disclosure. [Figure 21] This figure shows a sample probe of a tissue detection system in which a portion of the sample probe is illuminated, as taught in this disclosure. [Figure 22] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system equipped with a coaxial fiber according to the teachings of this disclosure. [Figure 23] This figure shows a sample probe of a tissue detection system in which an ultrasonic handpiece assembly related to the teachings of this disclosure is engaged. [Figure 24] This figure shows a sample probe of a tissue detection system in which the aspiration tool relating to the teachings of this disclosure is engaged. [Figure 25] This figure shows a sample probe of a tissue detection system to which a bipolar forceps related to the teaching of this disclosure are engaged. [Figure 26] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system used to define a lumen. [Figure 27A] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system, which comprises one or more electrodes that provide stimulation and / or receive electrical signals from the brain. [Figure 27B] This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system, which comprises one or more electrodes that provide stimulation and / or receive electrical signals from the brain. [Figure 28]This figure shows a sample probe for a tissue detection system, which includes a connector that allows the probe to be connected to and disconnected from a compliance member at the surgical site, and a compliance member that is imaged by a scanner. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0015] In drawings, reference numerals may be reused to identify similar and / or identical elements. ru.

[0016] The inventors have found that during the process of tumor resection, under white light operating conditions (i.e., dark), A neurosurgical tumor that can detect low levels of fluorescence (without requiring a dimly lit operating room) It was recognized that a ulcer excision system and / or method is needed. Also, the effect of photobleaching. To reduce this, the time the target region is illuminated by the excitation light can be shortened. A stem is also required. In addition, surgical microscopes allow for proper visualization of deep cavities using excitation light. Since illumination is not possible, a system is needed that can illuminate deep cavities with excitation light. It is said that the detection of undifferentiated lesions is crucial for precise histopathological diagnosis and optimal patient treatment. Because this is essential, a system is also needed to support the intraoperative detection of important undifferentiated lesions of tumors. It is said that...

[0017] This disclosure relates, in particular, to the administration of 5-ALA to visualize the fluorescence of PPIX in brain tumors. While this disclosure discusses surgical procedures for the excision of target tissue, the teachings of this disclosure also apply to other types Detects tissue and other types of phosphors (hypericin, Hexvix, This can be extended to other types of surgical procedures to detect idocyanine green, etc. For example, ICG is administered to help healthcare professionals visualize blood vessels during surgical procedures. ICG can bind to plasma proteins found in the blood. CG is excited by near-infrared light, and its wavelength is slightly longer than the near-infrared light that excited ICG. It emits near-infrared light having [certain properties].

[0018] Referring to Figure 1, a neurosurgical system 100 is provided that overcomes the shortcomings of conventional technology. The neurosurgical system 100 includes a surgical navigation system 104 and a surgical microscope 1 It can be equipped with 08 and a surgical cart 114. Surgical navigation system 10 4 comprises a cart assembly 106 that houses a navigation computer 110. The navigation computer 110 can also be called a navigation controller. The navigation interface works in conjunction with the navigation computer 110. To communicate. The navigation interface may have one or more input devices. The input device inputs information to the navigation computer 110, or otherwise... To use to select / control a particular mode of the navigation computer 110. This is possible. The navigation interface has one or more displays 120. Such input devices include interactive touchscreen displays / menus. This includes keyboards, mice, microphones (voice-activated), gesture control devices, etc. It is possible.

[0019] The navigation computer 110 stores one or more preoperative or intraoperative images of the brain. It can be configured in such a way. Any suitable imaging device can provide preoperative or intraoperative images of the brain. It can be used for, for example, isocentric fluoroscopy and biplane fluoroscopy. Methods of ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), multislice computed tomography (M SCT, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Optical Coherence Tomography Examples include any 2D, 3D, or 4D imaging device such as an OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography). Furthermore, the images are... It can be acquired and displayed in 2D, 3D, or 4D. In more advanced forms... Then, from atlases or anatomical model maps, or from MRI, CT, or echocardiography. Incorporate patient data or other data from preoperative image data captured by the modality. By doing so, it is also possible to obtain a 4D surface rendering area of ​​the body.

[0020] The navigation computer 110 displays one or more images of the brain on the display 120. It can be generated. The navigation computer 110 is connected to the surgical microscope 108. It can also be continued. For example, the display 120 corresponds to the field of view of the surgical microscope 108. The navigation computer 110 can display images on two or more displays. If a ray can be included, one of such displays is the view of the surgical microscope 108 One display may show a field, while the other may show preoperative or intraoperative images of the brain.

[0021] The tracking system 124 is coupled to the navigation computer 110, and surgical instruments or It is configured to detect the position of one or more tracking elements attached to the patient. Stem 124 is an active or passive infrared tracking element attached to a surgical instrument or patient. It can be configured to track. A surgical navigation system can be used. An example of TEM104 is Nav3i (trademark), which is commercially available from Stryker. The Vision System 104 is based on U.S. Patent No. 7,725,162 and the published U.S. Patent Application. It has various functions and features as described in document No. 2020 / 0100849. This is possible. The above references, by reference, shall constitute an entirety of this specification. .

[0022] The surgical microscope 108 is designed to provide a range of magnifications (for example, approximately 2x to approximately 50x). The surgical microscope 108 comprises one or more objective lenses configured as follows: It can have a field of view that has the following characteristics. The surgical microscope 108 can, for example, detect PPIX. It is configured for fluorescence microscopy. Surgical microscope 108 uses PPIX to detect fluorescence. One or more excitation sources (e.g., visible light) illuminate the brain tissue 111 by excitation light so that it emits light. An excitation source configured to emit light of the optical spectrum, or an excitation source configured to emit light of the infrared spectrum The surgical microscope 108 may be equipped with an excitation source configured to such an extent. It can also be equipped with a camera capable of detecting emission at the fluorescence wavelength of ICG.

[0023] The surgical cart 114 includes a surgical system 112, a tissue detection system 116, and an ultrasound system. It can be equipped with a surgical system 118. The display 121 is attached to the surgical cart. In addition, the surgical system 112, the tissue detection system 116, and the ultrasonic surgical system are combined. Operately connected to system 118, and each of systems 112, 116, and 118 Related information can be displayed. Medical professionals can use the ultrasonic surgical system 118 and / or Using the surgical system 112, it is possible to ablate target tissue in the patient's brain. The ultrasonic surgical system 118 includes an ultrasonic control console 128 and an ultrasonic handpiece. It can be equipped with assembly 130.

[0024] The surgical system 112 includes surgical instruments and surgical controls for controlling various aspects of the surgical instruments. It can be equipped with a console 115. Medical personnel can use surgical instruments to assemble Any surgical procedure can be performed on the tissue. For example, tissue ablation, tissue These include suction of fluids or debris, cauterization of tissue, or a combination thereof. In this case, the surgical system 112 can be compatible with a suction system, and in this case, surgical The instrument corresponds to a suction tool 156 for removing fluid and / or debris from the surgical site. The suction system has various features as described in U.S. Patent No. 8,267,934. It may have. The above documents, by reference, constitute an entirety of this specification. It shall be done that way.

[0025] In another example, the surgical system 112 uses bipolar forceps 160 as a surgical instrument. It can be equipped. Bipolar forceps 160 are described in U.S. Patent No. 8,361,070. It can have the characteristics described above. The above literature is cited in its entirety. This shall form part of this specification. This disclosure relates to surgical instruments such as suction tool 156 and bi It is discussed and illustrated that the Polar Forceps 160 can be included, but surgical sys Tem 112 and surgical instruments may include other instruments. In another example, surgical instruments The instruments include nerve stimulators, anatomical instruments, or ablation devices (e.g., RF ablation). This may include (a laser ablation device and / or laser ablation device). When performing a surgical procedure, any number of surgical systems and any number of surgical instruments are used. It is possible.

[0026] The tissue detection system 116 includes a control console 168 and a sample probe 164. This is possible. The control console 168 can determine if the brain tissue 111 corresponds to the target tissue. It can provide healthcare workers with a real-time display. The tissue detection system 116 uses fluorescence Based on the fluorescence emitted by the target tissue generated by the body, the brain tissue 111 corresponds to the target tissue. Determine the case. In one example, the phosphor can be compatible with PPIX. Another example In this context, the phosphor can correspond to ICG. Fluorescence emitted by PPIX Based on the intensity and wavelength, the tissue detection system 116 determines that target tissue is present. It is possible.

[0027] Referring to Figure 2, a schematic diagram of the neurosurgical system 100 is shown. Tissue detection system Tem 116 has similar functions to the surgical microscope 108 (i.e., medical professionals can access PPIX). It is possible to perform (which makes it possible to detect the presence) with a surgical microscope 108 and When used in combination, it can improve the outcome of tumor resection procedures and the likelihood of achieving GTR (Guided Tissue Resection). .

[0028] During the surgical procedure, the medical personnel first excite the patient's brain tissue 111 with excitation light (e.g., blue light) Below, the brain tissue 111 is visualized using a surgical microscope 108, and the part of the brain tissue 111 is identified by red fluorescence. It is possible to identify whether it corresponds to a proven target organization. Healthcare professionals can identify the target organization To obtain better visibility for initiating the excision, the surgical microscope 108 is placed under standard white light. It can be switched back to the regular lighting.

[0029] Before the start of the excision, the medical professional will examine sample probe 164, in particular sample probe 164 The compliance member 272 can be placed on the target tissue. Healthcare professionals can One hand holds the ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130, and the other hand holds the bipolar forceps 16. The target tissue can be excised using 0. During the excision procedure, the medical personnel will use bipolar Using forceps 160 or ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130, the compliance member 2 72 can be moved. Sample probe 164 is not limited, but bipod Includes a pair of forceps 160, an ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130, and a suction tool 156. It is designed to allow a number of different surgical instruments to easily engage with it.

[0030] When a medical professional excises target tissue, the control console 168 displays the sample probe 16 Through 4, to provide healthcare professionals with a real-time display of the target tissue within the brain tissue 111. It can function as follows: The tissue detection system 116 relating to the teaching of this disclosure can detect healthcare workers When the surgeon performs target tissue resection, various illumination settings of the surgical microscope 108 (i.e., excitation light) This eliminates the need to alternate between illuminating the tissue with [specific type of light] and illuminating the tissue with white light. This is especially important when medical professionals approach the periphery of target tissue. While the practitioner achieves GTR (total resection of the target tissue), they also aim to remove as much healthy tissue as possible. This is because it is desirable to leave a scar.

[0031] Referring to Figure 3, the ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130 has a proximal end and a distal end. It can be equipped with an ultrasonic handpiece 132. Ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130 can be connected to the sleeve 136 and the distal end of the ultrasonic handpiece 132. The sleeve 136 can be further equipped with an ultrasonic tip 140. Sleeve 13 can be configured to provide perfusion to the 140 and / or surgical site. It is also conceivable that 6 may be configured to provide suction to the ultrasonic tip 140. The ultrasonic tip 140 is used to ablate, cut, reshape, and / or remove biological tissue. It may be equipped with a cutting mechanism configured to remove. Ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130 is U.S. Patent No. 6,497,715, No. 6,955,680, and No. 6, As described in publications 984,220 and International Publication No. 2020 / 068756 It can have various characteristics. The above-mentioned document is referred to in its entirety in this specification. It shall form part of [the system].

[0032] The ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130 is a variety of ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130. An ultrasonic control console 128 or the power supply unit configured to control the ultrasonic A power connector 148 or adapter configured to connect to the handpiece assembly 130. It may also be equipped with a cable 144 or other power cord, which has a plug. Ultrasonic control cord The insole 128 controls the perfusion and / or suction functions of the ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130. It is also possible to configure it to optimize the performance of the ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130. Yes, it is possible. One example of an ultrasonic surgical system that can be used is commercially available from Stryker. It includes the Sonopet IQ ultrasonic aspirator. The ultrasonic control console 128 is for tissue biopsy. Based on the signals received from the output system 116, various operating parameters can be controlled. Cut.

[0033] Referring to Figures 4 and 5, the tissue detection system 116 includes the sample probe 164 and It is equipped with a control console 168. The sample probe 164 is controlled via connector 299. It connects to console 168. The sample probe 164 is connected to indicator fiber 2 60, excitation fiber 264, collection fiber 268, compliance member 272 The control console 168 includes a controller 204 and a user interface 20 8, power supply unit 212, optical module 215, and microcontroller 220 It can be equipped with: The optical module 215 includes the optical block 216 and the spectrometer 224. It can also include an excitation source 228 and an optical connector 229. The function of each component is as follows: I will explain this in more detail later.

[0034] The user interface 208 can be integrated into a single device or communicate with each other. Display the output from the controller 204 or microcontroller 226. It can be equipped with play. User interface 208 allows for engagement by medical professionals. One or more input units configured for this purpose (e.g., push buttons, touch buttons, switches, etc.) It can also be equipped with the following: The power supply unit 212 supplies power to various components of the control console 168. Power can be supplied. The control console 168 connects to the sample probe 164. It can also have a probe port 173 to which the 299 is connected. Numbers 60, 264, and 268 are connected to the optical block 216 via the optical connector 229. This is possible. The control console 168 controls the surgical system 112 and the ultrasonic surgical system 118. or comprising an electrical port 174 for establishing a communication link to any other system. It's also possible.

[0035] The excitation source 228 illuminates the target tissue with excitation light via the excitation fiber 264. This is possible. The excitation source 228 emits excitation light (for example, blue light of about 405 nm, or 400 nm~ It can be configured to emit blue light in the 500 nm range. The excitation source 228 is The remaining visible light spectrum excluding blue light (for example, above 500 nm but below 700 nm) Wavelengths related to ultraviolet light spectrum (less than 400 nm), and / or infrared It emits excitation light corresponding to other wavelengths, such as wavelengths related to the light spectrum (above 700 nm). It can also be configured to emit light. The excitation source 228 is a light-emitting diode (LED), pulse Includes any number of light sources such as lasers, continuous wave lasers, modulated lasers, and filtered white light sources. It is possible.

[0036] The excitation source 228 can operate in different states, which are the on state, the off state, A first emission state in which light is emitted at a first frequency, and a second frequency in which light is emitted at a different frequency from the above emission state. A second luminescence state in which light is emitted in numbers, a first intensity state in which light is emitted at a first intensity, and a first A second intensity state radiated with a second intensity different from the first intensity, and different color states as described above. It includes at least one of the following (i.e., different wavelengths).

[0037] Excitation source 228 includes multiple excitation sources such as a first excitation source, a second excitation source, and a third excitation source. In this case, the first excitation source emits first excitation light at a predetermined wavelength in the visible light spectrum. It can be configured such that the second excitation source emits infrared light (e.g., 700 nm). It can be configured to emit infrared light in a second wavelength range corresponding to ~1 mm. The third excitation source provides a third excitation at a predetermined wavelength of visible light that is different from the first predetermined wavelength. It can be configured to emit light. In other words, the first excitation source is PPIX, etc. The first phosphor can be configured to emit light that excites the first phosphor, and the second excitation source is For example, it can be configured to emit visible light at a second predetermined wavelength representing green light. The third excitation source is configured to emit infrared light that excites the second phosphor, such as ICG. It is possible.

[0038] The controller 204 moves the excitation source 228 in one of the states described above, for example. The operation of the excitation source 228 can be controlled to produce the desired result. The controller 204, The operation of the excitation source 228 is controlled by changing the operating parameters of the excitation source 228. It is possible. The operating parameters correspond to the time setting, power setting, or another preferred setting. This is possible. The time setting can include the pulse width. The pulse width is the pulse width of the spectrometer 224. This can be based on the integration time. The integration time of spectrometer 224 will be described in more detail later.

[0039] Referring to Figures 6A and 6B, the optical block 216 is shown. Optical connector 22 9 can be coupled to the optical block 216. The optical block 216 is made of metal or another material. It can be equipped with an external casing 274 constructed from a suitable material, and optical block 2 The 16 components 232 can be completely enclosed. Figure 7B shows the optical block 216. The optical block 216, with the top of the casing removed, is shown so that the component 232 is visible. The optical block 216 is L-shaped, and consists of a first part 280 and a second part It may include 284. The excitation source 228 is connected to the first part 280 of the optical block 216. They can be coupled. The spectrometer 224 is coupled to the second part 284 of the optical block 216. It is possible.

[0040] Further reference to Figures 7A and 7B shows exploded views of the components 232 of the optical module 215. This is shown, and the optical path 285 of the excitation light and the optical path 287 of the light collected from the brain tissue 111 are The first part 280 shows that the excitation light is transmitted from one or more excitation sources 228 to an excitation fiber. (There may be multiple) This includes an optical path 285 for traveling to brain tissue 111 via 264. This is possible. The optical path 285 is connected to the component 232 in the first part 280 of the optical block. Therefore, it can be defined. The second part 284 is where the collected light is received from the brain tissue 111. It can include an optical path 287 for moving to the spectrometer 224 via the collecting fiber 268. The optical path 287 is defined by the component 232 in the second part 284 of the optical block. It is possible. The optical block component 232 includes a laser line filter and one or more The optical block 216 may include any optical components such as the long-pass filter shown above. , one or more mirrors, lenses, optical connectors, optical fibers, and / or any other suitable optical It may include other optical components such as optics.

[0041] In Figure 7A, the excitation source 228 is a laser line filter and / or long pass filter. It emits excitation light that travels through one or more components 232 such as a laser linef The filter or bandpass filter removes unwanted noise generated by the excitation source 228 (for example, It can be configured to eliminate low-level transitions, plasma, and glow. In other words If so, the laser line filter cleans up the excitation light and makes the excitation light more monochromatic. It can be configured as follows. The long-pass filter sends light along the excitation fiber 264 to the brain. It can be configured to reflect to tissue 111. The excitation source 228 is filtered The system is configured to deliver unfiltered excitation light to the target tissue via the excitation fiber 264. This can be done (i.e., the filter can be omitted). The excitation fiber 264 is The excitation light can be guided to the brain tissue 111 via the simple probe 164.

[0042] The collection fiber 268 receives light from the brain tissue 111 (i.e., fluorescence) after the tissue has been excited. It can be configured to collect ambient light as well. Surgical microscope 108, surgical lamp Light is produced by various light sources in the operating room, such as piping or any other device in the operating room. Due to the presence of ambient light and / or background light, the light collected from the brain tissue 111 is affected by the ambient light and / or background light. This may include light and / or background light. Referring to Figure 7B, the light collected by the collecting fiber is The components 232, such as the long-pass filter of the second part 284 of the optical block 216, pass through After passing through component 232, the light is coupled to optical block 216 and spectrally filtered. It can fit into container 224.

[0043] An example is provided in which the excitation fiber 264 and the collection fiber 268 are described as separate fibers. However, a single fiber is used to perform the functions of the excitation fiber 264 and the collection fiber 268. It can be provided and configured to run. This configuration involves one or more other optical components In some cases, an excitation fiber 264, a collection fiber 268, and an indicator may be required. Fiber 260 is discussed as a single fiber for simplicity, but if there are two or more fibers... It is understood that there may be fibers. For example, excitation fiber 264 is an excitation fiber The collection fiber 268 may include a bundle of collection fibers, The indicator fiber 260 may contain a bundle of indicator fibers, all of which are , connected in a manner similar to the single fiber connection described above. In another example, the excitation fiber The 264 can contain any number of fibers connected in series, and the collected fiber 26 8 can include any number of fibers connected in series, and indicator fiber 2 60 can include any number of fibers connected in series.

[0044] The spectrometer 224 processes the filtered optical signal (i.e., filtered light). It is configured to convert the signal into a spectral signal in the form of an electrical signal. Microcontroller 220 is configured to control the operation of the spectrometer 224. An example of a spectrometer system is the Micro Series C mini spectrometer, commercially available from Hamamatsu Photonics. Includes 12880MA. Spectrometer 224 has an entrance slit and a collimating lens / mirror. It can be equipped with a transmissive diffraction grating element, a focusing mirror, and an image sensor. The light can receive light collected from optical block 216, and then the light is collected It passes through the collimating lens / mirror. The collimating lens / mirror passes through the entrance slit. The collected light is collimated and guided to the diffraction grating element. The diffraction grating element is connected to the collimating lens. The incident light is separated into different wavelengths, and each wavelength of light is passed through or reflected at different diffraction angles. A condenser lens or mirror captures an image of light dispersed by wavelengths using a diffraction grating element. Formed on pixels arranged in a straight line, according to wavelength.

[0045] Each wavelength is photoelectrically converted into an electrical signal (i.e., a spectral signal). The image sensor is Outputting a signal of light incident on each pixel at a specific time interval (i.e., an image sensor) (It converts optical signals into electrical signals and outputs them). This time interval is called the integral time step. The microcontroller 220 can do this based on instructions from the controller 204. Therefore, the operation of the spectrometer 224 can be configured to control, for example, the integration time step. The microcontroller 220 has a communication interface (e.g., serial peripheral). The spectral signal is transferred to the controller 204 via the SPI interface. ru.

[0046] As mentioned above, ambient light may be present in the optical signal collected in the target tissue, however Therefore, since it can be present in the spectral signal provided by the spectrometer 224, -r 204 is noise from ambient light or spectral signals (i.e., waves related to ambient light). The long part is removed, and the brain tissue 111 is identified as a target by PPIX present within the target tissue. Configured to perform one or more control functions or methods that accurately detect when an organization is involved. This is possible. The spectral signal after ambient light has been removed is called the modulated spectral signal. It is possible.

[0047] The controller 204 generates an indication signal based on the modulated spectral signal. For example, the controller 204 can compare the PPIX intensity with a predetermined intensity threshold. It is possible that, in response to the PPIX intensity exceeding a threshold, the controller 204 will An indication signal can be generated. The excitation source 228 generates the indication signal It can emit light in response to the reception, and this light follows the indicator fiber 260. As it moves, it illuminates a portion of the sample probe 164. For example, the control When PPIX exceeding a threshold is detected, the Ra204 emits green light (for example, around 520 nm~ When an ICG emits light (wavelength 564nm) or is detected, yellow light (e.g., 565 The excitation source 228 can be controlled to emit wavelengths (from nm to 590 nm). Alternatively, as described above, the controller 204 is coupled to the indicator fiber. Control indicators other than the one shown, for example, in response to the reception of an indicator signal, the light source This allows for control over the light source on the probe, that is, the ability to turn it on.

[0048] Controller 204 transmits ultrasonic signals via a communication link established through electrical port 174. It can communicate with the wave control console 128. For example, by plugging the cord into the electrical port. Furthermore, by plugging it into the ultrasonic control console 128, a communication link can be established. Yes, it is possible. The communication link can also be established wirelessly. Controller 204 is detected. Based on the type of tissue, the ultrasonic control console 128 can be notified. The roller 204 can notify the ultrasound control console 128 of the presence or absence of target tissue. .

[0049] Based on the information provided by the controller 204, the ultrasonic control console 128 will One or more operating parameters can be adjusted. For example, if a target tissue exists, The excision rate may not be limited, but if no target tissue is present, the ultrasound handpiece... To prevent Swertia japonica 130 from cutting healthy tissue, limiting the excision rate is important. Yes, it is possible. In such cases, the ultrasonic control console 128 can determine whether or not target tissue has been detected. The voltage, current, or both supplied to the ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130 based on the above. The controller 204 can control drive signals such as those of the ultrasonic control console 12. An example is provided in which communication with 8 is possible, but the controller 204 is a surgical control unit. It communicates with other surgical devices such as the Insol 115 and performs various surgical procedures based on the presence or absence of target tissue. Instruments (e.g., bipolar forceps 160, nerve stimulators, dissection instruments, ablation devices) It can control (such as S, etc.).

[0050] The detailed explanation of sample probe 164 will continue, with a comprehensive reference to Figures 8 through 23. Sample probe 164 connects to fibers 260, 264, and 268. , compliance member 272, connector 299, and optionally jacket 292 It can be equipped with. Fibers 260, 264, and 268 (there may be multiple) are connected. It can be coupled between the kuta 299 and the distal end 358 of the sample probe 164. The distal end 358 of the sample probe 164 allows light to be collected and passed through to the target tissue. It may be equipped with a lens or other optical component. The jacket 292 is in the ambient environment This provides protection and shielding for the fibers (or multiple fibers) 260, 264, and 268. Therefore, fibers 260, 264, and 268 can be surrounded. Jacket 292 is Any suitable material including polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc. It can be formed in this way. The outer surface of the jacket 292 can be made hydrophilic. A portion of the outer surface of the ket 292 is, for example, in contact with the jacket 292. It can also have small serrations to increase grip against any surface. In some cases, a portion of the optical fiber is used for surgical instruments (i.e., bipolar forceps). Electrical cable of child 160, ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130, or suction tool 156) It can be connected to either a suction line (or multiple lines) or a fiber The second part can be detached from the surgical instrument. This allows the user to access the tissue. The probe can be positioned appropriately while surgical instruments are being moved to perform procedures such as excision. It will become.

[0051] Referring to Figure 8, the carrier can be coupled to at least a portion of the jacket 292. Yes, it is possible. The carriers take on different shapes, and as a result, the jackets to which the carriers are attached. The shape of the 292 parts can be controlled. The carrier is jacket 2 A first mounting portion 304 configured to be attached to the first part of 92, and jacket A second mounting portion 306 is configured to be attached to the second part of the 292. This may include wire 302 or other flexible components. Wire 302 is first It can be installed between the mounting part 304 and the second mounting part 306. The person uses a wire 302 or a flexible part to fix the shape of the relevant part of the jacket 292. The material can be bent as desired.

[0052] In another example, the carrier may be equipped with a tension adjustment mechanism. The tension adjustment mechanism is The amount of tension applied to the jacket 292 can be adjusted. Tension adjustment section The material includes a first adjustment member, a second adjustment member, and a flexible cable. It can be coupled to the compliance member and the first portion of the jacket 292. The second adjustment member is coupled to the second part of the jacket 292. The flexible cable is It can be connected between the first adjustment member and the second adjustment member. The second adjustment member is a To move slidably along the ket 292, and to apply tension to the jacket 292 It can be configured to adjust the quantity. When the second adjusting member is in the first position, The second adjustment member is closer to the compliance member 272 than it is in the second position. At position 1, the flexible cable can be in a non-rigid state, and the sample probe 164 can move freely as if there were no tension adjustment mechanism to restrain its movement. When the two adjustment members are in the second position, the flexible cable can be in a rigid state. The tension in the flexible cable is coupled between the first adjustment member and the second adjustment member. This restricts movement in the jacket section 292.

[0053] Referring to Figure 9, the gripping member 310 is positioned near the compliance member 272. It can be removably connected to part 292. Therefore, the gripping member 310 is a compact It can be positioned proximal to the lance member. The gripping member 310 is located near the sample probe 1 To prevent the 64 from moving from the desired position, it can be attached to a part of the patient. It can be implemented as a fastener configured as follows. The gripping member 310 is for jacket attachment. It may include part 312 and patient engagement part 314. The jacket attachment part 312 is It has a tight fit and slides along the jacket 292 when force is applied by a medical professional. It can be equipped with a tubular sleeve configured as follows. The patient engagement portion 314 is jacket It can be attached to the mounting portion 312 or attached in a different way. Patient engagement portion 314 This is a clip or clip configured to be attached to a patient or an inanimate object near the patient. It can include a lamp.

[0054] Referring to Figure 10, the gripping member 310' is configured to engage with surgical instruments. It can also be implemented as part 316. As an alternative to the tab, the compliance member is absorbent. The lumen of the suction tool 156 is slightly larger than the lumen of the suction tool 156 so that the suction tool 156 can be inserted through it. A tubular structure having a hole, opening, or cavity of a certain diameter can be defined. Suction tool 15 6 engages with tab 316 and complies with hard-to-reach parts of the brain, such as deep, narrow cavities. The angle member 272 can be guided.

[0055] Alternatively, the compliance member does not have to have a tab or gripping member. The Ianth members are manipulated using surgical instruments containing ferrous metals or magnetic materials. To enable this, magnetic materials or iron-based materials may be included.

[0056] Referring to Figure 11, the anchor 320 is connected to the jacket 292 or fiber (there may be multiple fibers). It can be coupled to (and made slidable along the length of the jacket 292). The person fixes the sample probe 164 to the target point along the length of the jacket 292. The anchor 320 can be placed at any desired position. The target point is in contrast to the brain tissue. , corresponding to the transition point between sterile and non-sterile areas, such as outside the patient's skin or bones that come into contact with the patient. It is possible. Anchor 320 can be cylindrical in shape. Therefore, Anchor 3 20 may have two bottom ends 324, 328 connected by a curved surface 332. The curved surface 332 is formed by having a through bore 336 through which the sample probe 164 is inserted. This is possible. The Anchor 320 can withstand the weight of the sample probe 164, -B164 can be shaped from metal or another suitable high-density material that can be fixed to a specific target point. It is possible.

[0057] Referring further to Figures 12 to 17, the compliance member 272 is the sample probe The distal end of 164 is removably coupled to the jacket 292 and / or the fiber. It is possible. In some embodiments, the compliance member 272 is sample It is detachable from probe 164, which allows healthcare professionals to communicate with the compliance department. With material 272 attached, the sample probe 164 cannot reach the deep, narrow parts of the brain. It can reach the cavity.

[0058] The compliance member 272 is at least partially translucent to visible light, In some embodiments, bipolar forceps 160, suction tool 156, or ultrasonic hammer It is configured to deform in response to the engagement of surgical instruments such as the dopiece assembly 130. The compliance member 272 is deformable, electrically insulating, and heat insulating. It can be formed from any suitable material.

[0059] The material of the compliance member 272 can be selected so that its refractive index matches. In other words, the material of the compliance member 272 is the bending of the compliance member 272. The refractive index is within a predetermined threshold of the refractive index of the tissue and / or the refractive index of fibers 264, 268. The refraction of light passing between the fiber(s) 264, 268 and the tissue is minimized. It can be selected to be such that the collection fiber 268 is in the range of approximately 1.5 to 1.6. It can have a refractive index of approximately 1.45, and the compliance member 272 has a refractive index of approximately 1.45. The tissue can have a refractive index that varies between approximately 1.395 and 1.410. It is possible to have.

[0060] The material of the compliance member 272 is the excitation fiber 264 and / or the indicator Compliance components such as the ability to widely disperse light from fiber 260 into the surrounding environment. 272 can be selected based on other desired optical properties. The compliance member is , can be formed from polymers. In certain embodiments, compliance The components can be made of foam material. The compliance component can be made of a bioabsorbent material such as polyurethane. It may contain absorbable materials. Bioabsorbability means that it is completely metabolized by the human or animal body. This refers to the ability to comply. Compliance materials include silicone, polyvinyl chloride, and hygroscopic materials. Selected from Rogel, polyurethane, polysaccharides, cellulose, polylactic acid, and combinations thereof. It can be formed from materials. The compliance member is 10-50, 10-40 , or Rockwell Shore 00 hardness of 10-30, or 0-20 or 0-10 It can have a Rockwell Shore A hardness.

[0061] The compliance member 272 can be spherical in shape. Optionally, a spherical structure As it forms, the compliance member 272 is part of the distal end of the sample probe 164. It can be provided with an opening that allows it to be exposed to the surrounding environment. Compliance member 272 may have a smooth surface, or bipolar forceps 160 or suction tube One of the features that facilitates the engagement of surgical instruments such as the 156 with the compliance member 272. The above features can be present on the exterior. For example, referring to Figure 12, one or more features It includes a plurality of ridges, including a first ridge 344 and a second ridge 346 that extend along the outer surface. It can include a bipolar forceps 160, and the compliance member 272 is bipolar - To prevent the tine from slipping from the grip of the 160 or any other surgical instrument, Using s), the compliance unit in the first ridge 344 or the second ridge 346 It can be engaged with material 272.

[0062] The compliance components are compliant in some aspects of this disclosure. Although described as such, in some embodiments, the compliance member is a comp The compliance member does not have to be rigid or deformable, and in this example, the compliance member is positional. It can be called a positioning member, and here the positioning member changes in response to the engagement of a surgical instrument. With respect to compliance members, any of the above-mentioned features are included, except for the ability to form. It is possible.

[0063] Referring to Figure 13, one or more features may include a projection 348. 48 is the axis of at least one of the collection fiber 268 and / or the excitation fiber 264. It can extend along an axis in the transverse direction (or at any angle). Protrusion 348 This is at least partially the tube of the suction tool 156 or the ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130. It can be sized to be positioned inside the lumen. Therefore, the protrusion 348 is inside the lumen When positioned, suction can be applied by the suction tool 156, and medical personnel The user can move the compliance member 272 to the desired location. The protrusion is optional. It is optional and does not need to be included in all forms of the probe. The protrusion is compliant. It can extend from the outer surface of the member and, optionally, be integrated with the compliance member. This is possible. The protruding portion can be included together with the embodiment of the position-fixing member.

[0064] As shown in the figure above, the compliance member 272 has a spherical shape. As shown, the compliance member 272 can take any shape. This is understood. As shown in Figures 14 to 17, the compliance member 272 is The tubular shape shown in Figure 14, the conical shape shown in Figure 15, and the shape shown in Figure 16 Rectangular or cube-shaped as shown, or invertible as shown in Figure 17. It can be made into a C-shape. The reversible C-shape allows the sample probe 164 to diffuse. Comply The distal portion of the anchor member 272 moves relative to the distal end of the sample probe 164. This makes it possible. This is discussed in more detail in the previous paragraph.

[0065] As shown in Figures 18A and 18B, the compliance member 272 is the first It may include part 352, a central part 354, and a second part 356. Central part 3 54 may have an opening through which the distal end 358 of the sample probe 164 is inserted. At the diffusion position, the first portion 352 and the second portion 356 are sample probe 1 64 delivers diffused excitation light (i.e., light that spreads in all directions) to the target region. It can extend forward from the distal end 358 of the sample probe 164. In this arrangement, at least a portion of the first portion 352 and at least a portion of the second portion 356 They can come into contact with each other. At the focused position, the first part 352 and the second part 356 is the central portion 354 of the compliance member 272, which is the first portion 352 and the second portion Positioned in front of section 356, closer to the distal end 358 of the sample probe 164. As such, medical professionals can fold or turn it over. At the focus position, the sample The distal end 358 of lobe 164 is focused on the excitation light (i.e., sample probe 164) It delivers light (which is directed straight outwards and can enter a small target area) to the target area. It is exposed and configured in such a way. At the diffusion position, the excitation light is more diffused than at the focusing position. This should be understood. Similarly, at the focused position, the excitation light is greater than when it is at the diffused position. They are also converged.

[0066] Referring to Figure 19, a cross-section of one embodiment of the sample probe 164 is shown. As mentioned above, the jacket 292 of the sample probe 164 is protected from the surrounding environment. To provide protection and shielding for fibers 260, 264, and 268, , 268 can be surrounded. In some examples, excitation fiber 264 and collection Fiber 268 is more conforming to the compliance member 272 than the indicator fiber 260 or It can be placed near the distal portion of the positioning member. As mentioned above, compliance The lance member 272 exposes the excitation fiber 264 and the collection fiber 268 to the surrounding environment. An opening can be provided in the distal portion, thereby allowing light to conform to the compliance member / position Without moving directly through the material forming the target fixing member, the excitation fiber 264 moves to the target The region can be illuminated by excitation light, and the collection fiber 268 is connected to the target region. It is possible to collect light. The compliance member 272 is a first hemisphere and a second It may be equipped with a hemisphere, in which case the excitation fiber 264 and the collection fiber 268 are The indicator fiber 260 is positioned within the first hemisphere and within the second hemisphere.

[0067] As shown in Figure 20, the tip of the indicator fiber 260 is compliant When placed together with component 272, light from indicator fiber 260 is compressed The lance member 272 can be illuminated to indicate the presence of target tissue. However, Figure In some examples, such as those shown in Figures 21 and 22, the indicator fiber 26 0 is not placed at all within the compliance member 272, and instead, indicator phi The 260 can illuminate another part of the sample probe 164, and is compliant. The member can be terminated at its distal end 260T, which is located outside the member.

[0068] In such an example, referring to Figure 22, the sample probe 164 is located in the central core 3 The coaxial fiber 360 may have 62 and an outer channel 366. At least a portion of the sidewall of Nel 366 can be made transparent. Excitation fiber 264 and The collection fiber 268 can be placed within the central core 362, while the indicator Fiber 260 is located within the outer channel 366. The distal portion of the central core 362 is The indicator fiber 260 can be placed within the compliance member 272. Light can be emitted through the sidewall of the outer channel 366. Sample probe 16 4 may have an exposed portion 368, in which the jacket 292 is the same The entire length of the axial fiber 360 is not covered, and therefore, the light radiated through the side wall is exposed in portion 36. It is visible to healthcare workers via 8. Exposed portion 368 is compliant. An indicator light located proximal to member 272, which is emitted when a medical professional excises tissue. This makes it possible to be sure to see. Optionally, the exposed portion 368 is made of plastic. It can be covered with a clear or transparent piece of black or another suitable material. Therefore, the side walls of the outer channel are transparent, and indicator elements such as LEDs emit light into the surrounding area. It can be configured to allow diffusion into a wider area.

[0069] In another example, as mentioned above, indicator fiber 260 can be completely omitted. Yes, it is possible. Instead, the sample probe 164 is activated in response to the reception of an activation signal. It can be equipped with a photodiode (LED). The LED is a compliance member 272 Another suitable location is positioned near the outer surface of the jacket 292 or along the sample probe 164. It can be connected to any location. In another example, the speaker associated with the control console 168 Audible display generated by the maker, or tactile display attached to the sample probe 164 It is possible to provide other forms of display, such as tactile displays, generated by the vice. In other words, Therefore, the indicator form can take the form of an indicator element such as a light source, The caterer element does not need to take the form of a fiber, and the indicator element is compliant. Within or partially within the compliance member or position fixing member of the slat member or position fixing member. It does not need to be placed inside the material; rather, the indicator element should be placed near the compliance member. It can be positioned at or distal to the terminal, or alternatively, the indicator element is on the console. It may appear as an icon or display element.

[0070] Referring to Figures 23 to 25, various surgical instruments engage with the sample probe 164. As shown in Figures 23 and 24, the ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130 or suction One of the pulling tools 156 is directly engaged with the compliance member 272, but as described above As described above, the compliance member 272 is the ultrasonic handpiece assembly 130 or A projection 348 (located inside the lumen) that can be fitted into the lumen of the suction tool 156 It can be equipped with (which is hidden from view). Ultrasonic handpiece assembly 13 When the 0 or suction tool 156 is coupled to the compliance member 272, the healthcare worker can: Suction can be applied to move the compliance member 272 to the desired location. In Figure 24, the compliance member 272 has tines 372 and 376. The bipolar forceps 160 engage. As shown in the figure, the compliance member 272 is as described above. It has multiple ridges 340, 344. The compliance member 272 has multiple ridges The bipolar forceps 160 can be used to grip either or both of the 340 and 344. can.

[0071] It can be used as a tracking system and can be linked to a navigation computer. The tracking system tracks the orientation of one or more tracking elements attached to the probe (i.e., It is configured to sense its position and orientation and provide that orientation to the navigation computer. The tracking element can be an active or passive infrared tracking element. One example of the surgical navigation system 104, which includes TEM, is commercially available from Stryker. Nav3i (trademark). The surgical navigation system 104 is licensed in the United States under license number 7,720. As described in Patent No. 5,162 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020 / 0100849 It can have a variety of functions and features. The above literature is cited in its entirety. This shall form part of this specification.

[0072] Referring to Figure 26, the compliance member and other members 272' are located in the lumen 273. This defines the position of the surgical instrument through the lumen 273. In this configuration, the compliance member 272' is described throughout. It can be coupled to an optical fiber. The compliance member 272' is It can take the shape of a nut or a cylinder. Indicators such as LEDs are as described above. It can be placed within the compliance member 272', or an indicator fiber The distal end can be positioned within the compliance member 272'. The lumen is surgical The size can be such that part of the instrument can be inserted through it. The size may vary, but the diameter is at least 0.5 cm, or at least 0.3 cm. This is within a 1.5 cm range.

[0073] Referring to Figures 27A and 27B, the position fixing member 272'' is the table of member 272'' It comprises one or more electrodes 400 positioned on a surface. The positioning member is described throughout. The compliance member can be the one listed, but optionally, the light for optical detection can be selected. The fiber may be omitted. The electrode 400 is a tissue that contacts the periphery or outer surface of member 272''. They can be separated from each other so that they can come into contact with each other. Electrode 400 is an electrode (multiple (Sometimes there are multiple electrodes) The receiving electrical signal is processed, and the tissue type, for example, the set of electrodes in contact with each other It can be coupled to a detection module that determines whether or not the weave is an important structure. The electrodes allow for functional mapping of brain tissue, bioelectrical impedance analysis, or other electrical analyses. It can be easily done. The detection module has an indicator 40 such as an LED or optical fiber. It can be coupled to 4. In an example where the indicator is an LED or other light source, the component 272'' may be equipped with a conductor 406. Indicator 404 detects the target tissue. When emitted, it can be illuminated; for example, if an important tissue type is detected, it will glow red. It glows green when a non-critical tissue type is detected. Exemplary processing techniques and electrode structures are described in U.S. Patent No. 8,442,653, U.S. Patent No. 10,918,857, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 0027346. The entire contents of the above documents are incorporated herein by reference. Exemplary techniques include brain functional mappin g, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, electrocorticography, or combinations thereof. The probe can be arranged such that the electrode is disposed on a specific region of the brain, and / or on, through, or within intracranial or extracranial blood vessels or other tissue, or can be disposed at a second position that does not contact said specific region of the brain, is electrically coupled to the brain, and monitors brain activity from said specific region via signals received by the electrode .

[0074] Referring to Figure 28, probe 164' can include a connector 500 that allows compliance member 272''' to be removed from the fiber and / or conductor and remain at the surgical site. In such embodiments, compliance member 272'' ' may comprise a radiopaque material. During use of the probe, compliance member 272''' can be removed from the probe, and the surgical site can be imaged using an imaging device such as an MRI scanner or CT scanner. Incorporating radiopaque material into compliance member 272''' allows the compliance member to be visualized relative to other critical structures. Gadolinium is contemplated as a radiopaque material, but other radiopaque materials are also contemplated. Only a portion of the compliance member ​​​​The part is removed from the probe, and this removed part contains radiopaque material, and the imaging device It is also expected that this will be visualized by placement. Radiopaque materials are used in compliance departments. They can be distributed within the material, or stored in pockets.

[0075] International application PCT / IB2022 / 052294 is hereby cited in its entirety. This constitutes part of the specification, and the embodiments are to be used in conjunction with the probes described herein. It is possible.

[0076] The foregoing description is essentially illustrative and does not limit this disclosure, its uses, or its applications. It is not intended in any way to do so. The extensive teachings in this disclosure may be implemented in various forms. This is possible. Therefore, although this disclosure includes certain examples, the true scope of this disclosure is not limited to that. It should not be determined. Because, considering the drawings, specification, and the following claims... This is because other forms of modification will become apparent. One or more steps in the method are of the present disclosure. It should be understood that these processes can be executed in different orders (or simultaneously) without changing the underlying principles. Furthermore, although each example has been described above as having certain specific characteristics, this disclosure is not optional. Any one or more of those features described in relation to the example are explicitly such that the combination is Even if not explicitly stated, it is implemented in any of the features of other examples, and / or This can be combined with any of the other examples. In other words, the examples being described are mutually exclusive. Substitution of one or more examples with one another, rather than targeting, remains within the scope of this disclosure.

[0077] Spatial and functional relationships between elements (e.g., between controllers, circuit elements, semiconductor layers, etc.) Relationships are "connected," "engaged," and "combined." upled), adjacent, next to, on top of Includes "above", "below", and "disposed". It is explained using various terms. It is not explicitly explained as "direct". To the extent that the relationship between the first element and the second element is described in the above disclosure, The relationship is a direct relationship between the first element and the second element, in which there are no other intervening elements. It is possible, but if there is one or more intervening elements between the first element and the second element (spatially or functionally) It may be an indirect relationship that exists between them.

[0078] As used herein, the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" This should be interpreted as meaning a logic (A OR B OR C) using the non-exclusive logic OR. Yes, "at least one of A, at least one of B, and at least one of C" It should not be interpreted as meaning "one of the same thing." The term subset is not necessarily applicable. No need for a specific subset. In other words, the first subset of the first set is the first This may refer to the same object (is equivalent) as the set.

[0079] In the diagram, the direction of the arrow is indicated by the arrowhead, and generally, the information that is the focus of the diagram. This shows the flow of information (data or commands, etc.). For example, element A and element B receive various information. When exchanging information, if the information transmitted from element A to element B is relevant to the diagram, the arrow points to element A. It may point from element B to element A. This one-way arrow indicates that other information is being sent from element B to element A. it does not mean that such transmission is not allowed. Further, regarding information transmitted from element A to element B , element B can transmit a request for information or an acknowledgment of reception to element A.

[0080] In the present application including the following definitions, the terms "controller" and "module" can be replaced with the term "circuit". The term "controller" includes application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmable system-on-chip (PSoC), digital , analog, or mixed analog / digital discrete circuits, digital, analog, or mixed analog / digital integrated circuits, combinational logic circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), processor circuits (shared, dedicated, or grouped) that execute code, memory circuits (shared, dedicated, or grouped) that store code executed by processor circuits , other suitable hardware components that provide the described functions, or refer to, be part of, or include a combination of some or all of the above, such as in a system-on-chip.

[0081] The controller may include one or more interface circuits comprising one or more transceivers . In some examples, the interface circuit(s) may implement a wired or wireless interface connected to a local area network (LAN) or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) . Examples of LANs include Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 802.11-2016 , also known as the WIFI wireless networking standard, and IEEE Standard 802.3-2015 , the ETHERNET wired networking ​(It is also known as a networking standard.) Examples of WPAN include the Bluetooth® Special Interest Group's Bluetooth® Wireless Networking Standard and the IEEE Standard 802.15. It is 0.4.

[0082] The controller uses interface circuits (which may be multiple) to communicate with other controllers. It can communicate with other controllers. A controller communicates logically and directly with other controllers. Although it may be described in this disclosure as such, in various embodiments the controller actually They may communicate via a communication system. The communication system includes hubs, switches, routers, This may include physical and / or virtual networking equipment such as gateways and transceivers. In some embodiments, the communication system is a wide-area network such as the Internet. Connecting to or traversing a network (WAN). For example, a communication system is a network Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Virtual Private Network (V Using technologies including PN, over the Internet or a dedicated point-to-point line This may include multiple LANs that are connected to each other.

[0083] In various embodiments, the controller's functions are connected via a communication system. It may be distributed across multiple controllers. For example, multiple controllers may be part of a load balancing system. The same functionality may be implemented by different components. In a further example, the controller's functionality may be... , Server (also known as remote or cloud) controller and client (or It can be separated from the user controller.

[0084] Some or all of the controller's hardware functions are based on a language for hardware description. For example, IEEE standard 1364-2005 (generally referred to as "Verilog") and I Defined using standards such as EEE standard 1076-2008 (generally referred to as "VHDL"). Hardware description languages ​​can be used to manufacture and / or program hardware circuits. It can be used to do so. In some embodiments, some or all of the controller Its key feature is that it encompasses both the code and hardware descriptions described below, as described in IEEE 1666. -2005 (generally referred to as "SystemC") may be defined by languages ​​such as SystemC.

[0085] The term "code" as used above refers to software, firmware, and / or software. It can include code, programs, routines, functions, classes, data structures, and It may refer to a and / or object. The term shared processor circuit refers to multiple con It contains a single processor circuit that executes some or all of the code from the trower. The term "core processor circuit" refers to a combination of one or more processor circuits. It includes processor circuitry that executes some or all of the code from the controller. References to a losser circuit refer to multiple processor circuits on separate dies, or multiple on a single die. Processor circuit, multiple cores of a single processor circuit, multiple s of a single processor circuit This includes red, or any combination of the above. The term shared memory circuit refers to multiple controllers It includes a single memory circuit that stores some or all of the code from the group memory. The term "circuit" refers to code from one or more controllers, combined with additional memory. It includes a memory circuit that stores some or all of the data.

[0086] The term "memory circuit" is a subset of the term "computer-readable medium." The term "computer-readable medium," as used herein, refers to a medium (such as a carrier wave) through which It does not include transient electrical or electromagnetic signals that propagate. Therefore, computers can The term "reading medium" can be considered tangible and non-temporary. Non-temporary computer-readable medium Non-limiting examples include non-volatile memory circuits (flash memory circuits, erasable programmable memory). Memory circuit dedicated to reading only the mask, or memory circuit dedicated to reading only the mask, etc., volatile memory circuit ( Tatic random access memory circuit or dynamic random access memory circuit, etc. ), magnetic storage media (analog or digital magnetic tape or hard disk drive, etc.) ), and optical storage media (such as CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray® discs).

[0087] The apparatus and methods described in this application are one or more embodied by a computer program. Dedicated by configuring a general-purpose computer to perform specific functions. It can be partially or completely implemented by a computer. The functional blocks and functions described above Low chart elements can function as software specifications and require the expertise of a skilled technician or professional. It can be converted into a computer program through Grammar's routine work. The computer program is stored in at least one non-temporary computer-readable medium. Includes executable instructions. Computer programs also include stored data. or may depend on. Computer programs are not dedicated computer hardware. Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) that interacts with the computer, specific devices of a dedicated computer A device driver that interacts with the system, one or more operating systems, and the user Applications, background services, background applications, etc. It can be included.

[0088] As a computer program, (i) HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) ), XML (Extensible Markup Language), or JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) (ii) descriptive text to be parsed, such as (ii) assembly code, (iii) by the compiler (iv) Object code generated from source code, and execution by an interpreter. (v) Source code for (v) compilation and execution by a just-in-time compiler Source code for this purpose could be cited. As a simple example, source code could be in C, C++ , C#, Objective C, Swift, Haskell, Go, SQL, R, L isp, Java(TM), Fortran, Perl, Pascal, Curl, OC aml, JavaScript (trademark), HTML5 (Hypertext Markup) 5th revision), Ada, ASP (Active Server Pages), PHP (Hyp ertext Preprocessor), Scala, Eiffel, Smalltalk, Erlan g, Ruby, Flash (trademark), Visual Basic (trademark), Lua, MA Using syntax from languages ​​including TLAB®, SIMULINK®, and Python®. It can be written as follows.

[0089] Additional protection clauses: I. A light sensor system for detecting tissue type during surgical procedures, the light sensor system The system comprises an excitation source configured to selectively emit excitation light, and a probe that connects to the excitation source. It binds to the target tissue, illuminating it with excitation light and collecting light from the target tissue. A connector configured such that at least one fiber, and a connector coupled to at least one fiber. The compliance member is at least partially translucent. , configured to deform in response to engagement with a surgical instrument, and one of at least one fiber The part is a compliance member and an indicator which are placed inside the compliance member. An indicator element configured to provide a display in response to the reception of a cater signal, comprising The probe is coupled to at least one fiber and signals based on the collected light. An optical detection module configured to generate, and a unit operationally connected to the optical detection module. Based on the signal, the tissue characteristics are determined, and based on the determined tissue characteristics, the indicator... A light sensor system comprising a controller configured to generate a cater signal. . II. Further comprising an indicator fiber, the excitation source is further defined as the first excitation source. The indicator includes a second excitation source coupled to the indicator fiber, and the display is The light generated by a second excitation source in response to the reception of an indicator signal, as described in Clause I. An optical sensor system. III. The indicator is a light-emitting diode that is activated in response to the reception of an indicator signal. A light sensor system as described in Clause I, including LEDs. IV. The indicator includes a speaker, and the display responds to the reception of the indicator signal. The optical sensor system described in Clause I, including audible sound generated by a speaker. V. The indicator is a surgical instrument and at least one of the fibers. A haptic device configured to be coupled in one direction, and the display receives an indicator signal. Clause II is a form of haptic feedback generated by a haptic device in response to a response. The optical sensor system described above. VI. The system is configured to illuminate the target tissue with excitation light and collect fluorescence from the target tissue. An attachment for an optical probe comprising at least one fiber, the optical probe The lobe further includes an indicator element configured to emit display light, and the attachment The vent allows at least one of the following to pass through: excitation light, fluorescence, and indicator light. Therefore, the sensor body comprises a compliant material that is at least partially translucent. The compliant material is electrically insulating and heat insulating, and responds to the engagement of surgical instruments. An attachment formed from a material configured to deform. VII. A method for detecting light emitted from brain tissue using an optical sensor system. The optical sensor system comprises an excitation source and at least one fiber coupled to the excitation source. A probe wherein the probe is coupled to at least one fiber and at The compliance member is further provided to be partially translucent, and the compliance member protrudes The probe comprises an indicator located at least partially within the compliance member. A probe further comprising a caterer element and an optical detection system coupled to at least one fiber. A method comprising a module and a controller that is operationally connected to the optical detection module. This involves positioning the suction tool so that the protruding part is near the lumen of the suction tool, and the protruding part Apply suction by the suction tool so that the part is positioned inside the lumen of the suction tool. The suction tool moves the compliance member to the desired position, and the suction is By changing the suction of the suction tool to release the clamping member, and by the excitation source... This involves emitting excitation light and using at least one fiber to stimulate brain tissue with the excitation light. This involves illuminating the area and collecting fluorescence from the brain tissue using at least one fiber. This involves generating a signal based on the collected fluorescence using an optical detection module. Using a controller, the tissue characteristics are determined based on the signal, and the controller is used And, based on established organizational characteristics, an indicator signal is generated, and A method comprising emitting light by an indicator element in response to the reception of a signal. VIII. A sensor system for detecting tissue type during surgical procedures, wherein the sensor system Mu is, It is a probe, A compliant device comprising electrodes, configured to deform in response to the engagement of surgical instruments. Member, and An indicator element configured to emit light in response to the reception of an indicator signal. , A probe equipped with, It is coupled to an electrode and configured to generate a detection signal based on the electrical signal received by the electrode. The detection module, It is operationally connected to the detection module, and based on the detection signal, it determines the tissue characteristics. A controller configured to generate indicator signals based on the organizational characteristics, A sensor system equipped with these features. IX. An optical sensor system for detecting tissue type during surgical procedures, wherein the optical sensor system The probe comprises an excitation source configured to selectively emit excitation light, and the excitation source It is bound to the target tissue, illuminating it with excitation light and collecting light from the target tissue. A cable configured such as at least one fiber, coupled to at least one fiber Compliance member, wherein the compliance member is at least partially translucent. It is configured to deform in response to the engagement of a surgical instrument, and has at least one fiber Some of these are compliance members and, in, which are placed inside the compliance member. An indicator configured to provide a display in response to the reception of a dicator signal, The probe is coupled to at least one fiber and generates a signal based on the collected light. An optical detection module configured to do so, and a unit that is operationally connected to the optical detection module. Based on the signal, the tissue characteristics are determined, and based on the determined tissue characteristics, the indicators An optical sensor system comprising a controller configured to generate a data signal. X. A method for detecting light emitted from brain tissue using an X-ray sensor system, wherein the light The sensor system includes an excitation source and at least one fiber coupled to the excitation source. A lobe, the probe being deformable and coupled to at least one fiber The compliance member is further provided, and the compliance member is at least partially translucent. Yes, the probe is an indicator that is at least partially placed within the compliance member. A probe further comprising a ta element and an optical detection module coupled to at least one fiber. The method comprises a hub and a controller that is operationally connected to the optical detection module, The compliance member is deformed by a surgical instrument. Engaging with the compliance member and moving the compliance member to the desired position using a surgical instrument To move it, to emit excitation light from the excitation source, and at least one phi Using a fiber, the brain tissue is illuminated with excitation light, and at least one fiber is used Then, fluorescence is collected from brain tissue, and the collected fluorescence is detected using an optical detection module. The process involves generating signals based on these signals and using a controller to identify tissue characteristics based on these signals. The system determines the characteristics of the tissue and uses a controller to determine the indicator signal based on those characteristics. To generate and, in response to the reception of an indicator signal, to emit light through the indicator element A method that includes emitting radiation. XI. A sensor system for detecting tissue type during surgical procedures, The optical sensor system is It is a probe, A member comprising an electrode or optical fiber, and It is coupled to a component and configured to emit light in response to the reception of an indicator signal. Indicator elements, A probe equipped with, A detection signal is transmitted based on the signal received by the electrode or fiber, which is coupled to an electrode or fiber. A detection module configured to generate, It is operationally connected to the detection module and determines tissue characteristics based on the signal, and A controller configured to generate indicator signals based on defined organizational characteristics. and, A sensor system equipped with these features. XII. The component is a tube of a size that allows a part of a surgical instrument to be inserted through it. A sensor system as described in Clause XI for defining a cavity. XIII. The probe is equipped with a connector, and the component is connected by the connector to at least one The component is removable from the probe and includes a radiopaque material, as described in Clause XI. Sensor system. XIV. Radiopaque materials include gadolinium, as described in Clause XIII. Stem. XV. The component is bioabsorbable, as described in Clause XI of the sensor system. XVI. The materials are silicone, polyvinyl chloride, hydrogel, polyurethane, polysaccharides, Formed from materials selected from cellulose, polylactic acid, and combinations thereof, Clause X The sensor system described in I. XVII. The indicator element is arranged together with the member, the sensor as described in Clause XI. Stem. XVIII. The component is further defined as a compliance component as described in Clause XI. Sensor system. XIX. Compliance members have a Rockwell Shore hardness of 10-50, or 0. A sensor system as described in Clause XVIII, having a Rockwell Shore A hardness of ~20.

Claims

1. A light sensor system for detecting tissue type during surgical procedures, The optical sensor system is An excitation source configured to selectively emit excitation light, It is a probe, The excitation source is coupled to the target tissue, which is illuminated by the excitation light, and the target tissue At least one fiber configured to collect light from, A compliance member coupled to the at least one fiber, the The pliance member is at least partially translucent and changes in response to engagement with surgical instruments. It is configured to form a portion of the at least one fiber, the compliance portion Compliance members and, placed inside the material An indicator element configured to emit light in response to the reception of an indicator signal. 、 A probe equipped with, Coupled to the at least one fiber, based on the collected light from the target tissue An optical detection module configured to generate a signal accordingly, It is operationally connected to the optical detection module and determines tissue characteristics based on the signal. In addition, the system is configured to generate the indicator signal based on the determined organizational characteristics. The controller is created, A light sensor system equipped with [the necessary components].

2. Claim 1: The compliance member is constructed from an electrically insulating and heat insulating material. The optical sensor system described above.

3. The compliance member comprises a ridge extending along its outer surface, claim 1 or 2 The optical sensor system described above.

4. The compliance member is positioned at least partially within the lumen of the suction tool. The optical sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a protruding portion of the size of an eel Hmm.

5. The protruding portion extends from the outer surface of the compliance member, as described in claim 4. Sense system.

6. The probe is a jacket that surrounds at least a portion of the at least one fiber. The optical sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising the following:

7. The jacket or the carrier coupled to at least one fiber further comprises The carrier is configured to take on a different shape, as described in claim 6 of the optical sensor system Hmm.

8. The carrier is located next to the jacket, and the first part of the jacket and the jacket A wire that is connected between the first part of the jacket and the second part The third portion of the jacket between the second portion and the third portion takes the shape of the carrier, claim The optical sensor system described in 7.

9. The probe is coupled to the jacket and positioned proximal to the compliance member. The optical sensor system according to claim 6, further comprising a gripping member.

10. The gripping member prevents the probe from moving away from the desired position, The optical sensor according to claim 9, comprising a fastener configured to be attached to a part of Stem.

11. The gripping member guides the compliance member to the desired position using the surgical instrument The optical sensor system according to claim 9, comprising a tab that engages with the sensor.

12. Claim 6: The surface of at least one fiber or the jacket is hydrophilic. A light sensor system as described in any one of items ~11.

13. The probe is coupled to the at least one fiber or the jacket, At least one fiber or at least a portion of the jacket is positioned outside the patient. Any one of claims 6 to 12 further comprises an anchor configured to be fixed in a position. The optical sensor system described above.

14. The compliance member is formed from a bioabsorbable material, as described in claim 13. Sensor system.

15. The compliance member has a Rockwell Shore hardness of 10 to 50, or 0 to 2 The optical sensor system according to claim 13, having a Rockwell Shore A hardness of 0.

16. The first portion of the at least one fiber is connected to the electrical cable of a surgical instrument. The second portion of the at least one fiber is detached from the surgical instrument. The optical sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. The probe illuminates the tissue with the excitation light in either the first or second mode. It is configured to be, In the first mode described above, the at least one fiber diffusely excites the tissue with light. Illuminated by, in the second mode, the at least one fiber is the pair A light sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, which illuminates the fabric with focused excitation light. Tem.

18. In the first mode, the distal end of the at least one fiber is the comp Positioned at a first position relative to a portion of the alliance member, in the second mode, The distal end of the at least one fiber is part of the compliance member The optical sensor system according to claim 17, which is positioned at a second position relative to the

19. The probe includes a connector, and the compliance member is positioned in front of the connector. The compliance member is removable from at least one fiber, and the compliance member is radiated A light sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 18, comprising a linearly opaque material.

20. The excitation source is further defined as a first excitation source, and the photosensor system is a second excitation source The indicator element further comprises an indicator coupled to the second excitation source. The second excitation source is equipped with a fiber and emits light in response to the indicator signal. A light sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 19, configured as follows.

21. The compliance member allows a portion of the surgical instrument to pass through and be positioned within it. A light sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, which defines a lumen of a certain size. Hmm.

22. The indicator element is configured to emit light in response to the indicator signal. A light sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 21, comprising a light-emitting diode (LED). system.

23. At least one of the first excitation source, the light-emitting diode, and the second excitation source One is capable of operating in different states, and these different states are on, off, and light. A first emission state in which light is emitted at a first frequency, and a second state in which light is different from the first emission state. A second emission state in which light is emitted at a frequency, a first intensity state in which light is emitted at a first intensity, and light A second intensity state in which light is emitted at a second intensity different from the first intensity, and the light is emitted in a first color. A first color state in which light is emitted in a second color different from the first color, and a second color state in which light is emitted in a second color different from the first color. The optical sensor according to any one of claims 20 to 22, which includes at least one of the states Stem.

24. The compliance member defines a spherical shape as described in any one of claims 1 to 23. An optical sensor system.

25. The compliance member comprises a first hemisphere and a second hemisphere, and at least one A portion of the fiber is located within at least one of the first hemisphere and the second hemisphere. The optical sensor system according to claim 24, which is fully positioned.

26. The compliance member is made of silicone, polyvinyl chloride, hydrogel, or polyurethane. Formed from materials selected from cellulose, polysaccharides, polylactic acid, and combinations thereof. The optical sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 25.

27. The at least one fiber is coupled to the excitation source and emits the excitation light. Further defined as an excitation fiber configured as such, the optical sensor system is configured as the optical detection A collection fiber coupled to a module and configured to collect light from the target tissue. The optical sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 26, further comprising:

28. The probe comprises a coaxial fiber having a central core and an outer channel, and the indicator The cater element is located within the outer channel, and the at least one fiber is the An optical sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 27, which is disposed within a central core.

29. The tip of the central core is inside the compliance member, The optical sensor system according to claim 28, which is positioned proximal to the distal portion of the component.

30. The sidewall of the outer channel is transparent, and the indicator element diffuses light into the surrounding area. The optical sensor system according to claim 28, configured to enable the following:

31. The refractive index of the compliance member is determined by the passage between the compliance member and the tissue. The refractive index of the tissue is within 0.05 so that the refraction of light is minimized, claims 1 to A light sensor system as described in any one of item 30.

32. A light sensor system for detecting tissue type during surgical procedures, The optical sensor system is An excitation source configured to selectively emit excitation light, It is a probe, Coupled to the excitation source, it illuminates the target tissue with excitation light, and also from the target tissue At least one fiber configured to collect light, A sensor body coupled to the distal end of at least one fiber, It is configured to be operated by a surgical instrument, and the less proximal to the sensor body A tab and, which are coupled to a single fiber, An indicator configured to provide a display in response to the reception of an indicator signal. 、 A probe equipped with, Coupled to at least one of the fibers, and generating a signal based on the collected light. An optical detection module configured in such a way, It is operationally connected to the optical detection module and determines tissue characteristics based on the signal. In addition, the system is configured to generate the indicator signal based on the determined organizational characteristics. The controller that is created, A light sensor system equipped with [the necessary components].

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