Vacuum circuit breaker for voltage switching

Abstract

The present invention provides a vacuum circuit breaker for switching voltages in a high voltage range, particularly in the range of 52kV or higher. [Solution] This vacuum circuit breaker 1 has at least one casing 2, at least one fixed contact 3, and at least one movable contact 4. At least one control element 8 is arranged on at least one vacuum circuit breaker 1.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a vacuum circuit breaker for switching voltage, comprising at least one outer envelope, at least one fixed contact, and at least one movable contact.

[0002] A vacuum circuit breaker comprising a plurality of vacuum interrupters or an assembly of a plurality of vacuum interrupters is a power switch in which a plurality of switching contacts movable relative to each other are arranged within at least one vacuum switching chamber. In high-voltage technology, such a plurality of vacuum interrupters are used for switching voltages in the high-voltage range, in particular voltages of 52 kV and above, and / or for switching large currents in the range up to tens of kiloamperes. Vacuum interrupters included particularly in assemblies for switching require little maintenance, have a long service life, and can be driven easily and reliably, in particular by spring-actuated drives. To meet the requirements for high voltages, for example, an assembly comprising a plurality of vacuum interrupters is used, the plurality of switching paths of which are electrically connected in series, as known for example from Patent Document 1. As an alternative, for example, a plurality of vacuum interrupters each having a plurality of switching paths particularly within one vacuum interrupter are used.

[0003] In the case of a plurality of vacuum interrupters and / or a plurality of vacuum interrupters having a plurality of switching paths, appropriate voltage distribution (Absteuerung) for these vacuum interrupters on one or more vacuum interrupters is desired in order to avoid overloading individual vacuum interrupters or a plurality of regions of a single vacuum interrupter when the switching paths of these vacuum interrupters are opened. For example, in the case of a plurality of identically configured vacuum interrupters or a plurality of switching paths connected in series, as uniform a voltage distribution as possible across one vacuum interrupter or across the plurality of vacuum interrupters or switching paths is desired.

[0004] To achieve a desired voltage distribution across multiple vacuum circuit breakers or multiple switches, several passive electrical components, such as control resistors and / or control capacitors, are connected in parallel to a single vacuum circuit breaker as control elements. However, these components increase the installation space required for a single vacuum circuit breaker or for an assembly with multiple vacuum circuit breakers. In particular, in the case of vacuum circuit breakers with cleaned and dehumidified compressed air, i.e., clean air, as the insulating gas surrounding the vacuum circuit breaker, a considerably large insulation distance is required between a single vacuum circuit breaker and a single passive electrical component, and between a single passive electrical component and the particularly metal circuit breaker housing of an assembly consisting of one or more vacuum circuit breakers. This is because the insulating strength of compressed air is lower compared to other insulating gases such as sulfur hexafluoride. To achieve sufficient insulation between multiple vacuum circuit breakers and a circuit with multiple passive components, it is possible, for example, to arrange an assembly of multiple vacuum circuit breakers and the connected passive components in multiple separate housings. However, these configurations require a large installation space and are costly.

[0005] For example, the dimensions of commercially available passive electrical components such as control resistors and / or control capacitors are suitable for placement in a separate, dedicated housing, distinct from the outer housing for multiple vacuum circuit breakers. While the materials of these passive electrical components are reasonably optimized, this is not essential for a compact, space-saving assembly or for miniaturizing structural components. As mentioned above, an extra housing for multiple passive electrical components such as control resistors and / or control capacitors, separate from the outer housing containing multiple vacuum circuit breakers, results in high material consumption, high costs, and large structural space. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] German Patent Application Publication No. 102013208419A1 Specification [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a voltage switching vacuum circuit breaker that is voltage-distributable (absteuerbar), requires minimal installation space, and is low-cost. In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost, space-saving, and especially high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker equipped with multiple control elements. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] This problem is solved by the present invention with a vacuum circuit breaker for voltage switching having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the vacuum circuit breaker according to the present invention for switching voltage are described in the dependent claims. In this case, the subject matter of the main claim can be combined with several features of the dependent claims, and several features of the dependent claims can be combined with each other.

[0009] The vacuum circuit breaker according to the present invention for switching voltage comprises at least one enclosure, at least one fixed contact, and at least one movable contact. According to the present invention, at least one control element is included, which is located on at least one vacuum circuit breaker. In particular, this at least one control element can be housed together with the vacuum circuit breaker in a single common housing, and does not need to be housed in a separate housing from the housing of the vacuum circuit breaker. As a result, structural space and cost can be saved.

[0010] This at least one control element enables a defined predetermined voltage distribution on the vacuum circuit breaker when the electrical contacts are open, i.e., when both contacts of the vacuum circuit breaker are separated. In particular, a uniform voltage distribution on the vacuum circuit breaker is possible, thereby avoiding damage due to overvoltage and ensuring the long-term stable and reliable function of the vacuum circuit breaker. This arrangement of at least one control element on at least one vacuum circuit breaker allows for a compact configuration of one control element and at least one vacuum circuit breaker, especially within a single common housing, for example, where clean air is filled and the risk of electrical flashover is reduced. This allows for space-saving and low-cost assembly. The compact structure enables material savings, especially for smaller housing sizes, reducing costs, and allows for the use of alternative switching gases such as clean air in compact assemblies, enabling simple and environmentally friendly use of vacuum circuit breakers.

[0011] This at least one control element can be a capacitor and / or a resistor. Multiple capacitors and / or resistors are very suitable for producing a particularly uniform voltage distribution on at least one vacuum circuit breaker, that is, for enabling a good voltage distribution on at least one vacuum circuit breaker.

[0012] This at least one control element may include a ceramic base member in particular. Ceramics are compact, low-cost, can be manufactured in multiple different shapes, and can be doped for resistors having different predetermined ohm resistances and / or capacitors having different predetermined capacitances.

[0013] This base member can be formed from aluminum oxide (Al2O3), barium titanate (BaTiO3), titanium oxide (TiO2), and / or strontium titanate (SrTiO3), and / or may include aluminum oxide, barium titanate (BaTiO3), titanium oxide (TiO2), and / or strontium titanate (SrTiO3). These materials have the advantageous properties described above.

[0014] This base member may include materials having a relative permittivity εr in the range of 20 to 2000, particularly in the range of 85 to 170, and / or in the range of 180 to 350, and / or in the range of 1000. In particular, multiple capacitors well suited for voltage distribution of multiple vacuum circuit breakers can be manufactured to have the above relative permittivity.

[0015] This base component can be formed from a ceramic-polymer composite material, and / or, in particular, can contain a ceramic-polymer composite material within a cast resin matrix. The ceramic-polymer composite material within a cast resin matrix is ​​particularly well-suited for manufacturing compact, low-cost capacitors and / or resistors in various shapes.

[0016] This base member is formed of and / or may contain a glass-ceramic material. Glass-ceramic materials are well suited for manufacturing compact, low-cost capacitors and / or resistors in different shapes. In particular, ceramic materials are easy to dope and can be formed to have the desired electrical properties for capacitors and / or resistors.

[0017] At least one control element can be formed from and / or include multiple base members, which are particularly arranged in succession in a row. By combining these multiple base members, multiple capacitors and / or resistors having any predetermined capacitance or ohm resistance values ​​can be easily and inexpensively formed and can be assembled in large quantities and easily into, for example, multiple different shapes.

[0018] This vacuum circuit breaker has a single enclosure, which in particular includes at least one main shield and at least two ceramic segments. This at least one main shield can be positioned between these at least two ceramic segments. At least one control element can be positioned on the enclosure of the vacuum circuit breaker, in particular on at least one of the ceramic segments of the enclosure. By positioning at least one control element on the enclosure of the vacuum circuit breaker, in particular on at least one of the ceramic segments of the enclosure, a space-saving structure with the aforementioned advantages and enhanced flashover resistance due to the electrical insulation properties of the ceramic segments become possible.

[0019] These ceramic segments can be formed from, and / or from, insulating glass ceramics, and / or from insulating glass ceramic materials. Glass ceramics can be manufactured easily and inexpensively and possess a wide variety of electrical properties. For example, as good electrical insulators, they can be manufactured in desired compact shapes and have temperature resistance, particularly at furnace temperatures for brazing components of vacuum circuit breakers.

[0020] These control elements can be coated with a certain material, particularly insulating and / or semiconductor materials, and may include control elements formed as varistors. When these control elements are isolated from the conductive region of the vacuum circuit breaker enclosure, control elements coated with insulating materials can be used, and control elements coated with semiconductor materials can be used inexpensively and easily to generate varistor functionality.

[0021] The shielding rings may include a plurality of rings, each particularly formed in a ring shape and / or circular shape, which may be mounted directly on the casing of the vacuum circuit breaker and / or surround the circumference of the vacuum circuit breaker and / or be arranged spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the vacuum circuit breaker. Such shielding rings enable good shielding of the outward electric field of the vacuum circuit breaker and enable the uniform distribution of electric and / or magnetic fields around the vacuum circuit breaker. These shielding rings may be electrically and / or mechanically connected to a plurality of shields or a plurality of shielding rings within the vacuum circuit breaker.

[0022] The at least one control element can be electrically and / or spatially positioned between at least one fixed contact and at least one movable contact, and in particular between at least one fixed contact and one shielding ring, and / or between at least one fixed contact and the main shield, and / or between one shielding ring and the main shield, and / or between two shielding rings, and / or between at least one movable contact and one shielding ring, and / or between at least one movable contact and the main shield. Electrical contact of these control elements can be made via multiple contacts, multiple shielding rings, and / or the main shield. This arrangement of these control elements between multiple contacts, multiple shielding rings, and / or the main shield on the circumference of the vacuum circuit breaker allows for a space-saving and compact assembly, simple electrical contact, a uniform electric field distribution due to the uniform arrangement around the circumference of the vacuum circuit breaker, and a particularly uniform and discrete distribution of multiple capacitances and / or multiple ohmic resistances between the multiple contacts, multiple shielding rings, and / or the main shield. This enables a discrete distribution of multiple capacitances and / or ohmic resistances along the long axis and / or circumference of the vacuum circuit breaker, and a precise and defined voltage distribution or voltage sharing along the long axis and / or circumference of the vacuum circuit breaker.

[0023] The at least one control element may in particular comprise metal layers and / or metal caps on both end faces thereof, and is produced in particular by a brazing process, in particular for electrical and / or mechanical contact with a plurality of shield rings. As a result, simple and low-cost electrical contact and interconnection of a plurality of control elements on the at least one vacuum interrupter can be achieved, and particularly time and cost savings can be achieved in the manufacturing process of the at least one vacuum interrupter, for example in the brazing process.

[0024] The shape of the at least one control element may in particular be cylindrical with a circular or elliptical base surface. Alternatively, the shape of the at least one control element may be a shell shape having in particular a concave and / or convex circumferential shape which inversely maps the shape of the envelope of the vacuum interrupter in particular. As a result, simple and low-cost control elements that are compactly and space-savingly arranged on the at least one vacuum interrupter can be used, which has the aforementioned advantages.

[0025] The total capacitance of the at least one control element and / or of the plurality of control elements is in the range of 10 to 4000 pF, particularly in the range of 500 to 4000 pF.

[0026] These values enable accurate and defined voltage distribution or voltage sharing along the long axis and / or along the circumference of the vacuum interrupter, and particularly include total values for voltage distribution at high voltages in the range of 52 kV and above. The vacuum interrupter can be configured to switch voltages in a high voltage range, particularly in the range of 52 kV and above.

[0027] Hereinafter, a plurality of embodiments of the present invention will be schematically shown and described in further detail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] [Figure 1] It is a schematic perspective view from an oblique side view of the vacuum interrupter 1 according to the present invention for voltage switching, wherein a plurality of control elements 8 are directly arranged on the envelope 2 of the vacuum interrupter. [Figure 2]Figure 1 shows one embodiment of the control element 8 of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 according to the present invention, which comprises one base member 9, and one metal layer is provided at each end of the base member 9 for electrical contact of the control element 8. [Figure 3] This is the control element 8 in Figure 2, where the circumference of the base member 9 is covered with an insulating layer and / or semiconductor coating 11. [Figure 4] Figure 1 shows another embodiment of the control element 8 of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 according to the present invention, which comprises a base member 9, and each end of the base member 9 is provided with a shielding cap 12 for electrical contact of the control element 8. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum circuit breaker 1 according to the present invention, viewed obliquely from the side, for switching voltages, particularly high voltages in the range of 52 kV or more. The vacuum circuit breaker 1 has one casing 2, which comprises, in particular, a central main shield 5 and adjacent ceramic segments 6 on its left and right sides. The main shield 5 and ceramic segments 6 are formed in a hollow cylindrical or tubular shape and are fluid-tightly sealed at both ends of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, respectively. The inside of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 is evacuated, i.e., a vacuum. Contacts 3 and 4 protrude into the casing 2 of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 from both ends of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, for example, the fixed contact 3 protrudes from one side of the cylinder, i.e., from the base surface, and the movable contact 4 protrudes from the other side of the cylinder, i.e., from the top surface.

[0030] The main shield 5 is formed of, for example, metal, particularly copper and / or steel, and includes, for example, a plurality of shielding rings inside, which are not shown for simplification. The plurality of hollow cylindrical ceramic segments 6 are manufactured, for example, from sintered ceramic and are particularly surface-treated. The contacts 3 and 4 are made of, for example, copper, particularly bolt-shaped, and have a dish-shaped end with a slit inside the vacuum circuit breaker 1. The fixed contact 3 is fluid-tightly connected to a lid-shaped closure at one end of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, which is formed of, for example, metal, particularly copper or steel. The movable contact 4 is fluid-tightly connected to a lid-shaped closure at the other end of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 and is movably supported, for example, via a bellows. This bellows is not shown for simplification. Here, the closure is formed of, for example, metal, particularly copper or steel.

[0031] This vacuum circuit breaker can be electrically connected via bolts guided outward from the fixed contact 3 and the movable contact 4. When closing, the movable contact 4 enables electrical switching by moving toward the fixed contact 3, that is, by closing the gap between the dish-shaped contact ends of contacts 3 and 4, and when interrupting, enables electrical switching by moving toward the fixed contact 3, that is, by creating a gap between the dish-shaped contact ends of contacts 3 and 4. Since the gap between the contact ends of contacts 3 and 4, and the contact ends themselves, are located inside the evacuated interior of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, a gap ranging from a few millimeters to a few centimeters is sufficient, especially for interrupting high voltages. This vacuum circuit breaker 1 has, for example, a length particularly in the range of 30 to 100 cm and a circumference particularly in the range of 10 to 100 cm.

[0032] According to the present invention, a plurality of control elements 8 are installed on the casing 2 of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 around the circumference of the vacuum circuit breaker 1. These control elements 8 are, for example, capacitors and / or resistors. The capacitors are particularly ceramic capacitors, and for example, the capacitance values ​​of individual capacitors are in the range of 10 to 4000 pF. As a result, the total capacitance of this assembly is, for example, in the range of 10 to 4000 pF. These resistors are particularly ohm resistors, and the values ​​of individual resistors are, for example, in the range of a few ohms, or several hundred ohms, or several thousand ohms, or up to several hundred thousand ohms. Therefore, the total resistance value is in the range of a few ohms, or several hundred ohms, or several thousand ohms, or up to several hundred thousand ohms.

[0033] The shape of the control element 8 is, for example, cylindrical, rectangular, elliptical, and / or shell-shaped. The arrangement of the control elements 8 around the circumference of the casing 2 of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 is, for example, carried out in a circular manner along the cross-section of the circumference, in which case these control elements are circuit-connected to each other, particularly regularly and / or at equal intervals, particularly in parallel, and / or electrically connected in series along the long axis of the vacuum circuit breaker 1. The electrical contact of multiple adjacent control elements 8 connected in series with each other is made, for example, via multiple shielding rings 7, each arranged in a circular or annular manner along the cross-section of the circumference of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, and these shielding rings 7 are spaced apart from each other along the long axis of the vacuum circuit breaker 1.

[0034] As shown in Figure 1, the multiple control elements 8 are arranged electrically and spatially spaced apart on the cross-section of the circumference of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, for example, along the circumference of the outer casing 2 of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, and are arranged particularly symmetrically along the long axis of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, between the fixed contacts 3 and the movable contacts 4, especially between the fixed contacts 3 and one shield ring 7, between two adjacent shield rings 7, between one shield ring 7 and the main shield 5, between the main shield 5 and one shield ring 7, between two adjacent shield rings 7, and between one shield ring 7 and the movable contacts 4. In this case, the multiple shield rings 7 and the one main shield 5 help to ensure good conductive contact between the multiple control elements 8 and between the contacts 3 and 4, for example, via the lid-like closing portions at both ends of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, and especially via the bellows at the movable contacts 4.

[0035] These shielding rings 7 are formed, for example, of metal, particularly copper, and the ceramic segments 6 can be divided by a plurality of shielding rings protruding into the vacuum circuit breaker 1. Connections of the elements of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, such as the plurality of ceramic segments 6, the main shield 5, the plurality of shielding rings 7, and the plurality of lid-like closures, and / or the control elements 8 are made, for example, by brazing and / or conductive adhesive bonding. The assembly of the plurality of control elements 8 on the vacuum circuit breaker 1 or on the sheath 2 of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 includes material bonding mechanical contact with the sheath 2 and / or has small gaps ranging from a few millimeters, in which case direct contact between the control elements 8 and the sheath can be made, for example, through the plurality of shielding rings 7, the main shield 5, and / or lid-like closures.

[0036] Multiple control elements 8 are arranged between multiple different shielding rings 7, for example, parallel to the major axis of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, particularly linearly or curvedly, or offset from each other. This arrangement of multiple control elements 8 on the circumference of the vacuum circuit breaker forms, for example, a regular or irregular pattern. The assembly of multiple control elements 8 on the circumference of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 or its casing 2 has a minimal cross-section and is space-saving.

[0037] Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the control element 8 of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 according to the present invention. This control element 8 includes a base member 9, which is formed of and / or contains a ceramic material, for example. This base member 9 is formed of and / or contains aluminum oxide Al2O3, barium titanate BaTiO3, titanium oxide TiO2, and / or strontium titanate SrTiO3, for example. The relative permittivity εr of the material of this base member 9 is, for example, in the range of 20 to 2000, particularly in the range of 85 to 170, and / or in the range of 180 to 350, and / or in the range of 1000. Alternatively or additionally, the base member 9 may contain and / or be formed from a ceramic polymer composite material, particularly within a cast resin matrix, or be formed from and / or contain a glass ceramic material.

[0038] The base member 9 is formed, for example, with a cylindrical or elliptical shape on its base and top surfaces. Alternatively, the base member 9 can be shell-shaped, which has a particularly concave and / or convex circumferential shape, in particular, an inverse mapping of the shape of the vacuum circuit breaker's casing 2. This allows for a compact, space-saving assembly with the base member 9 mounted on the casing 2 of the vacuum circuit breaker 1. The base surface and top surface of the base member 9, as well as both ends, are provided with, for example, a metal layer 10 for electrical contact and connection of the control element 8.

[0039] These metal layers 10 are deposited on the base member 9 by coating methods such as vapor deposition, sputtering, pressing, and / or electrochemical coating. These metal layers 10 are formed of or include electrically conductive metals such as copper, steel, tin solder, and / or silver. In particular, during the manufacture of the vacuum circuit breaker 2 in a furnace at high temperatures below 100 degrees Celsius, the fixing of control elements 8 on the vacuum circuit breaker 1 or on the outer casing 2 of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, for example on the metal cover or bellows of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 at the ends of the multiple shield rings 7, the main shield 5, and / or the movable contacts 3 and fixed contacts 4, is easily and inexpensively possible when interconnecting multiple components such as ceramic segments 6 and shield rings 7. This fixing is performed, for example, by brazing in the furnace, thereby electrically connecting the multiple control elements 8 to each other via the multiple shield rings 7, the main shield 5, and / or the metal cover or bellows of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 at the ends of the movable and fixed contacts 3 and 4.

[0040] Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the control element 8 of Figure 2, in which the circumference of the base member 9 is covered with an insulating coating and / or semiconductor coating 11. This insulating coating 11 allows the control element 8 to electrically bridge multiple areas of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 that must not electrically contact the base member 9, for example, shielding rings 7 that must not contact each control element 9, thereby forming a specific or predetermined circuit. This allows the control element 9 to be installed directly on the casing 2 of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, particularly by friction bonding, without causing undesirable circuit connections and / or short circuits. This enables a compact, space-saving, and low-cost assembly of multiple control elements 9 in the vacuum circuit breaker 1, which has the advantages described above. The insulating coating 11 can be produced, for example, by insulating paint and / or an electrically insulating polymer coating. Cut.

[0041] The semiconductor coating 11, or semiconductor coating as a covering of the base member 9 of the control element 8, enables the formation of a control element 8 with, for example, a varistor function, thereby realizing a predetermined circuit for voltage distribution of one or more vacuum circuit breakers 1. These semiconductor coatings 11 can be produced or manufactured, for example, by doping, vapor deposition, sputtering, and / or electrochemical deposition.

[0042] Figure 4 shows another embodiment of the control element 8 of the vacuum circuit breaker 1 according to the present invention. This control element has a base member 9 and one shielding cap 12 at each end thereof for electrically contacting the control element 8. These shielding caps 12 are provided on the base surface and top surface of each base member 9, or in place of or in addition to the metal layer 10 at both ends, particularly for good conductive contact and circuit connection of the control element 8. These shielding caps 12 are crimped, for example, for the simple and low-cost manufacture of the control element 8.

[0043] The multiple embodiments described above can be combined with each other and / or with the prior art. Therefore, for example, more than two vacuum circuit breakers 1 can be interconnected, particularly in series. The control elements 8 can have different shapes, in particular cylindrical, elliptical cylindrical with an elliptical base and top surface, rectangular, square, and / or shapes having convex and / or concave surfaces. The control elements 8 are fixed, for example, on the vacuum circuit breaker 1, by brazing to metal parts such as copper parts, by screwing, by adhesive bonding, by clamping, and / or welding. These control elements 8 are installed on the sheath 2, particularly on the ceramic segment 6, for example by direct friction bonding, and are electrically insulated from the ceramic segment 6 in particular by insulating paint and / or surface coating and / or surface treatment. And / or, these control elements 8 are installed on the casing 2, for example, directly on the ceramic segment 6, at a small distance from the ceramic segment 6, particularly between the multiple shield rings 7, the main shield 5, and / or contacts 3, 4, for example, by screwing, clamping, brazing, bonding, and / or welding. The small distance ranges, for example, from a few millimeters to 1 centimeter.

[0044] These control elements 8 are installed as individual components, particularly spaced apart from one another, on, for example, the casing 2 of a vacuum circuit breaker 1 or a plurality of vacuum circuit breakers 1. In this case, the assembly is, for example, in a ring shape along a circular cross-section of the vacuum circuit breaker 1, with a plurality of different rings installed along the long axis of the vacuum circuit breaker 1. The plurality of adjacent control elements 8 in the plurality of different rings are arranged, for example, on a plurality of straight lines or offset from one another. Alternatively, these control elements 8 can be arranged, for example, on a helical line, i.e., spirally. Other plurality of assemblies and / or combinations of plurality of assemblies are also possible.

[0045] Each control element 8 is formed by and / or includes one base member 9, the ends of which have metal coatings 10, 12 for electrical contact. Multiple control elements may be formed by and / or include multiple base members 9, these base members 9 being arranged in succession in a row, thereby enabling the generation of any predetermined multiple values, such as capacitance and / or ohm resistance, and / or achieving a predetermined length for the circuit to be generated. In particular for voltage distribution in the 100kV range, the length of these control elements 8 is, for example, in the range of 10 to 100 millimeters, and the width of the control elements 8 is, for example, in the range of 10 to 80 millimeters. With appropriate circuit connections of multiple control elements 8, voltage distribution can also be performed in the ranges of, for example, 145kV, 245kV, and / or 420kV.

[0046] In the vacuum circuit breaker 1 described above according to the present invention, the voltage applied to the vacuum circuit breaker 1 can be distributed via a plurality of control elements 8. In particular, to switch high voltages in the range of 52kV or more, a plurality of vacuum circuit breakers 1 can be connected in series one after another. These voltages can be divided uniformly or non-uniformly in a predetermined manner, for example, into ceramic segments 6 of different lengths, by the selection of control elements 8 and the selection of control elements 8 on and / or across the elements of the plurality of vacuum circuit breakers 1. By directly installing a plurality of control elements 8 on one or more vacuum circuit breakers 1, a compact and space-saving structure is possible, thereby enabling a low-cost, spatially minimized single housing, and in particular, enabling the use of insulating gases such as clean air in small, minimized, and / or standard-sized housings. [Explanation of symbols]

[0047] 1. Vacuum circuit breaker 2 Outer cover 3 Fixed contacts 4 Movable contacts 5. Main Shield 6 Ceramic Segments 7 Shield Ring 8 control elements 9 Base member 10 metal layer 11 Covering 12 Shield Cap d diameter l length

Claims

1. A vacuum circuit breaker (1) for switching voltage, comprising at least one enclosure (2), at least one fixed contact (3), and at least one movable contact (4), A vacuum circuit breaker (1) characterized by including at least one control element (8) disposed on the at least one vacuum circuit breaker (1).

2. The vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one control element (8) is a capacitor and / or a resistor.

3. The vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one control element (8) includes one base member (9), in particular one ceramic base member.

4. The base member (9) Formed from aluminum oxide Al2O3, barium titanate BaTiO3, titanium oxide TiO2, and / or strontium titanate SrTiO3, and / or A compound comprising aluminum oxide (Al2O3), barium titanate (BaTiO3), titanium oxide (TiO2), and / or strontium titanate (SrTiO3), The vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to feature 3.

5. The base member (9) is Materials having a relative permittivity εr in the range of 20 to 2000, particularly in the range of 85 to 170, and / or in the range of 180 to 350, and / or in the range of 1000, The vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to feature 3 or 4.

6. The vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the base member (9) is formed of a ceramic polymer composite material and / or, in particular, contains a ceramic polymer composite material in a cast resin matrix.

7. The vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the base member (9) is formed of and / or contains a glass ceramic material.

8. The vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the at least one control element (8) is formed of a plurality of base members (9), and / or particularly includes a plurality of base members (9) arranged in succession in a row.

9. The vacuum circuit breaker (1) includes, in particular, one enclosure (2) having at least one main shield (5) and at least two ceramic segments (6), The at least one main shield (5) is positioned between the at least two ceramic segments (6), and the at least one control element (8) is positioned on the outer casing (2) of the vacuum circuit breaker (1), particularly on at least one ceramic segment (6) of the outer casing (2). A vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the ceramic segment (6) is formed of and / or contains a glass ceramic material.

11. The vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the plurality of control elements (8) are covered with a single material, in particular an insulating material and / or a semiconductor material, and in particular includes control elements (8) formed as varistors.

12. In particular, it includes a plurality of shield rings (7) each formed in a ring shape and / or circular shape, The plurality of shield rings (7) It is particularly directly mounted on the outer casing (2) of the vacuum circuit breaker (1), and / or It surrounds the circumference of the vacuum circuit breaker (1) and / or The vacuum circuit breakers (1) are arranged to be spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction, A vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The at least one control element (8) is electrically and / or spatially arranged between the at least one fixed contact (3) and the at least one movable contact (4). In particular, between the at least one fixed contact (3) and the one shielding ring (7), and / or Between the at least one fixed contact (3) and the main shield (5), and / or Between the one shield ring (7) and the main shield (5), and / or Between the two shield rings (7) and / or, Between the at least one movable contact (4) and the one shield ring (7), and / or Between the at least one movable contact (4) and the main shield (5), Electrically and / or spatially arranged, A vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The at least one control element (8) In particular, both end faces include a metal layer and / or a metal cap, and are manufactured in particular by a brazing process to make electrical and / or mechanical contact with the plurality of shield rings (7), A vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. The shape of the at least one control element (8) is cylindrical, In particular, it is cylindrical with a circular or elliptical base surface, or the shape of at least one control element (8) is shell-shaped. The vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it is particularly shell-shaped, having a concave and / or convex circumferential shape, in particular, which is an inverse mapping of the shape of the outer casing (2) of the vacuum circuit breaker (1).

16. The vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the total capacitance of at least one control element (8) and / or the plurality of control elements (8) is in the range of 10 to 4000 pF, particularly in the range of 500 to 4000 pF.

17. The vacuum circuit breaker (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the vacuum circuit breaker (1) is formed to switch voltages in a high voltage range, particularly in a range of 52 kV or more.

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