organic compounds

Abstract

The present invention provides a material for electron transport layers with a low refractive index. [Solution] Provide an organic compound represented by general formula (G1). However, in general formula (G1), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among these, 1 through 3 represent N. 0 R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group represented by formula (G1-1). 1 ~R 15 At least one of these is a substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group. JPEG2026143459000059.jpg88165

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] One aspect of the present invention relates to an organic compound, a light-emitting device, a display module, and a lighting module. This relates to displays, light-emitting devices, electronic equipment, lighting devices, and electronic devices. One aspect of the invention is not limited to the above-mentioned technical field. The field of expertise is related to products, methods, or methods of manufacture. Or, one aspect of the present invention is , process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter -) is the subject matter. Therefore, one aspect of the present invention disclosed herein is more specifically Technical fields include semiconductor devices, display devices, liquid crystal display devices, light-emitting devices, lighting devices, and energy storage devices. Examples include a device, a memory device, an imaging device, a method for driving them, or a method for manufacturing them. It can be listed. [Background technology]

[0002] Electroluminescence (EL) using organic compounds The practical application of light-emitting devices (organic EL devices) that utilize these (ence) is progressing. The basic configuration of a light-emitting device is an organic compound layer (EL layer) containing light-emitting material between a pair of electrodes. It is a device with a voltage applied to it to inject a carrier, and the carrier is then re-injected. By utilizing the binding energy, it is possible to obtain light emission from a light-emitting material.

[0003] Since such light-emitting devices are self-emissive, when used as pixels in a display, they become liquid crystals. Compared to other displays, it has advantages such as higher visibility and the elimination of the need for a backlight, and flat panel displays. It is suitable as a spray element. Furthermore, a display using such a light-emitting device is Furthermore, the ability to manufacture it in a thin and lightweight form is a major advantage. In addition, its extremely fast response speed is also a significant feature. It is one of the signs.

[0004] Furthermore, these light-emitting devices allow for the continuous formation of a light-emitting layer in two dimensions. This allows for the emission of light in a planar manner. This is different from point light sources such as incandescent bulbs and LEDs, This is a characteristic that is difficult to obtain with linear light sources such as fluorescent lamps, and therefore it is a surface light source that can be applied to lighting and the like. It also has high utility value.

[0005] In this way, displays and lighting devices using light-emitting devices can be applied to a variety of electronic devices. While current devices are capable, research and development are underway to find light-emitting devices with even better characteristics.

[0006] One of the issues often raised when discussing organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is light extraction efficiency. It has low efficiency. In particular, attenuation due to reflection caused by the difference in refractive index of adjacent layers is a factor in the effectiveness of the element. This is a major factor in reducing the efficiency. To mitigate this effect, low refractive index is used inside the EL layer. A configuration has been proposed in which layers made of a specific material are formed (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0007] Light-emitting devices with this configuration have higher light extraction efficiency than light-emitting devices with conventional configurations. This makes it possible to create a light-emitting device with high external quantum efficiency, but such low temperature The refractive index layer is placed inside the EL layer without adversely affecting other important properties in the light-emitting device. It is not easy to form, because it requires a low refractive index and high carrier transport properties. This is because reliability is a trade-off when used in light-emitting devices. In organic compounds, carrier transportability and reliability stem from the presence of unsaturated bonds. Large organic compounds with many unsaturated bonds tend to have a high refractive index, which is the reason for this. ru. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0008] [Non-Patent Document 1] Jaeho Lee, et al., "Synergetic electrode architecture for efficient graphene-based flexible organic light-emitting diodes," Nature Communications, June 2, 2016, DOI: 10.1038 / ncomms11791 [Overview of the initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0009] One aspect of the present invention aims to provide a novel organic compound. In this embodiment, the objective is to provide a novel organic compound having carrier transport properties. In one aspect of the present invention, the objective is to provide a novel organic compound having electron transport properties. In one aspect of the present invention, the objective is to provide an organic compound with a low refractive index. In one aspect of the present invention, an organic compound having a low refractive index and carrier transport properties is provided. The objective is to provide a material with a low refractive index and electron transport properties. The objective is to provide organic compounds.

[0010] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, the objective is to provide a light-emitting device with high luminescence efficiency. Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, the aim is to provide a highly reliable light-emitting device. The target is to provide a light-emitting device, light-emitting apparatus, or electric light-emitting device with low power consumption. The purpose is to provide a sub-device, a display device, and an electronic device, respectively. Or, the present invention. In one embodiment, a light-emitting device, light-emitting apparatus, electronic device, and display are provided that have low power consumption and high reliability. The purpose is to provide display devices and electronic devices, respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the description of these problems does not preclude the existence of other problems. The approach does not necessarily have to solve all of these problems. This will become clear from the description in the specification, drawings, claims, etc., and the specification, drawings It is possible to extract other issues from the descriptions in the surfaces, claims, etc.

[0012] The present invention only needs to solve one of the above-mentioned problems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] One aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G1).

[0014] [ka]

[0015] In the above general formula (G1), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 of If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also R 0 is hydrogen, Alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or represented by formula (G1-1) It represents one of the bases that are subjected to the action. Also, R 1 ~R 15at least one of is pyrimidi nyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted group comprising any one of a pyrazinyl group or a triazinyl group, and the other(s) each independently represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 ring-forming carbon atoms, or either a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. When the substituted or unsubstituted group comprising any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group or a triazinyl group is a substituted group, it has one or more substituents, and the substituents are each independently any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms , an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a pyridinyl group. The organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1) has a plurality of hydrocarbon groups selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the ratio of the total number of carbons forming bonds via sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbons in the molecule is 10% or more and 60% or less.

[0016] One aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by general formula (G2).

[0017]

Chemical Formula

[0018] In the above general formula (G2), Q 1 to Q 3 1 to 3 of represent N, and when 1 or 2 of Q 1 to Q 3 are N, the remaining 2 or 1 represent CH. Also, at least one of R 1 to R 15 is any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group​ Each of the following is either a substituted or unsubstituted group, and the others are, independently, hydrogen and carbon atoms numbering 1 to 6. Alkyl groups, alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and groups with carbon atoms forming a substituted or unsubstituted ring. 6 to 14 aromatic hydrocarbon groups, or any of substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl groups Represents a substituted group containing one of the following: a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group. Alternatively, if the unsubstituted group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, and each substituent is Independently, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a carbon atom forming a ring. It is either an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a pyridinyl group, numbering between 6 and 14. The organic compounds represented by the general formula (G2) include alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and C3 alkyl groups. It has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from 10 to 10 alicyclic groups, and the sp ratio is relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule. The proportion of total carbon atoms forming bonds in three hybrid orbitals is between 10% and 60%.

[0019] One aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G3).

[0020] [ka]

[0021] In the above general formula (G3), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 of If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 will represent CH. Also, R 2 , R 4 , R 7 , R 9 , R 12 , and R 14 At least one of these is a pyrimidinyl group, pyrazi A substituted or unsubstituted group containing either a yl group or a triazinyl group, the other being Each independently includes hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and substitutions. Aromatic hydrocarbon groups with 6 to 14 carbon atoms that form an unsubstituted ring, or substituted or unsubstituted rings. Represents one of the following: a substituted pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a tria. If any of the groups containing a dinyl group are substituted or unsubstituted, then one or more of them. It has substituents, each substituent independently being an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. 10 alicyclic groups, aromatic hydrocarbon groups with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring, or pyridini It is either a C1 group or a C1 group. Note that the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3) has 1 carbon atom. It has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from alkyl groups with 6 to 10 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups with 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Furthermore, the ratio of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule to the total number of carbon atoms that form bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals is, It is between 10% and 60%.

[0022] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: In organic compounds, any of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group It is preferable that the substituted or unsubstituted group, including k1, is represented by formula (G1-2).

[0023] [ka]

[0024] In the above formula (G1-2), α represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group. Also, R 20 is a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, or a substituted It represents either a triazine group or an unsubstituted triazine group. Also, m represents 0 to 2. When m is 2, the multiple αs may be the same or different. Also, n can be 1 or 2. Yes. Note that if n is 2, multiple R 20 These can be the same or different.

[0025] In the above configuration, R 2 and R 4 Either one or both of these can be expressed by formula (G1-2) It is preferable that it is a group that is (however, R 2 and R 4 Both are expressed by equation (G1-2) If the group is the same, the two groups represented by formula (G1-2) are different even if they are the same. (This is acceptable.)

[0026] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: In organic compounds, any of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group It is preferable that the substituted or unsubstituted group, including k1, is represented by formula (G1-3).

[0027] [ka]

[0028] In the above formula (G1-3), R 21 It is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a C3 alkyl group. It represents one of the following alicyclic groups, up to 10, or the group represented by formula (G1-3-1). , R 22 R represents the group shown in formula (G1-3-1). In formula (G1-3-1), R 23 oh Call R 24 Each of these is independently hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 3 to 1 carbon atoms. 0 alicyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, Or it represents either a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group, but R 23 and R 24 of At least one of them is a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group. It is either a triazine group or a substituted or unsubstituted triazine group. Also, n is between 0 and 2. This represents multiple R. 21 These may be the same or different.

[0029] In the above configuration, R 2 and R 4 Either one or both of these can be expressed by formula (G1-3) It is preferable that it is a group that is (however, R 2 and R 4 Both are expressed by equation (G1-3) If the group is the same, the two groups represented by formula (G1-3) are different even if they are the same. (This is acceptable.)

[0030] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: In organic compounds, aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that form a ring are substituents If present, the substituent is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. , an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Alternatively, a ring formed by an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, with carbon atoms having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. It is preferable that it be one of the following: a fragrance hydrocarbon group.

[0031] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: In organic compounds, the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms the ring is phenyl It is preferable that the group be one of the following: a naphthyl group, a phenantrenyl group, or a fluorenyl group. .

[0032] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: In organic compounds, the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a ring is defined by the following formula It is preferable that it be represented by one of (ra-1) to (ra-16).

[0033] [ka]

[0034] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: In organic compounds, substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl groups, unsubstituted pyridinyl groups, Alternatively, it is preferable that it is a pyridinyl group substituted with one or more methyl groups.

[0035] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: Organic compounds, and pyrimium represented by the above formulas (G1-3) and (G1-3-1) A substituted or unsubstituted compound containing one of the following groups: a dinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group. The alicyclic group in the group is preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0036] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: Organic compounds, and pyrimium represented by the above formulas (G1-3) and (G1-3-1) A substituted or unsubstituted compound containing one of the following groups: a dinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group. In the group, the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is a branched alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms. It is preferable that it be a base.

[0037] Another aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G3').

[0038] [ka]

[0039] In the above general formula (G3'), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also, R 2 is, formula (R 2 The group represented by -1) is R 4 , R 7 , R 9 , R 12 , and R 14 Each is independent This represents one of the bases represented by equations (r-1) to (r-44). Note that equation (R 2 -1 ) where β is a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyldi Represents an yl group, R 25 This represents one of the bases represented by formulas (r-1) to (r-24). , where n represents 1 or 2. Note that the organic compounds represented by the above general formula (G3') have a carbon number Multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from alkyl groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups with 3 to 10 carbon atoms. The ratio of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule to the total number of carbon atoms that form bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals is It is between 10% and 60%.

[0040] [ka]

[0041] [ka]

[0042] [ka]

[0043] In the above configuration, the above formula (R 2 In the group represented by (-1), β is given by the following formula (β-1) It is preferable that the group be represented by any one of the following: ~(β-14).

[0044] [ka]

[0045] Another aspect of the present invention is represented by either structural formula (137) or (154) below. It is an organic compound.

[0046] [ka]

[0047] Furthermore, another aspect of the present invention is a light emission device using an organic compound which is an aspect of the present invention described above. This is a vice. Furthermore, the present invention also includes a light-emitting device having a guest material in addition to the above organic compound. Include it.

[0048] Furthermore, the EL layer between the pair of electrodes and the light-emitting layer contained in the EL layer are according to one aspect of the present invention. Light-emitting devices formed using organic compounds are also included in the present invention. In addition to the light-emitting device, it has a layer containing an organic compound (e.g., a cap layer) in contact with the electrode. In addition to the light-emitting device, Light-emitting devices having transistors, substrates, etc. are also included in the scope of the invention. Electronic equipment having an optical device and one of the following: a detection unit, an input unit, or a communication unit. Lighting devices are also included in the scope of the invention.

[0049] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention includes a light-emitting device having a light-emitting device, and further includes a light-emitting device This also includes lighting devices. Therefore, in this specification, light-emitting devices refer to image This refers to a display device or light source (including lighting devices). It also refers to a light-emitting device, for example, an FPC ( Flexible printed circuit) or TCP (Tape Ca Modules with connectors such as the rrier Package attached, TCP endpoint A module with a printed circuit board, or a light-emitting device with COG (Chip O All modules with directly mounted ICs (integrated circuits) using the nGlass method are also equipped with light-emitting lenses. It shall be included in the place. [Effects of the Invention]

[0050] In one aspect of the present invention, a novel organic compound can be provided. Or, in one aspect of the present invention Therefore, it is possible to provide novel organic compounds that have carrier transport properties. Or, this invention In one embodiment of the present invention, a novel organic compound having electron transport properties can be provided. In one embodiment, an organic compound with a low refractive index can be provided. Or, in one embodiment of the present invention Therefore, it is possible to provide organic compounds that have a low refractive index and carrier transport properties. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, an organic compound having a low refractive index and electron transport properties is provided. It is possible.

[0051] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, a light-emitting device with high luminescence efficiency can be provided. Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, a highly reliable light-emitting device can be provided. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, a light-emitting device, light-emitting apparatus, electronic device with low power consumption, Display devices and electronic devices can be provided, respectively. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, , low power consumption, reliable light-emitting devices, light-emitting apparatus, electronic equipment, display devices and We can provide each electronic device.

[0052] Furthermore, the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. The embodiment does not necessarily have to have all of these effects. Furthermore, other effects are... This will become clear from the description in the specification, drawings, claims, etc., and the specification, drawings Furthermore, it is possible to extract other effects from the descriptions in the claims and other documents. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0053] [Figure 1] Figures 1(A) to 1(E) illustrate the configuration of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] Figures 2(A) and 2(B) illustrate the configuration of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 3] Figures 3(A) and 3(B) illustrate a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 4] Figures 4(A) to 4(C) illustrate a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 5] Figures 5(A) to 5(C) illustrate a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 6] Figures 6(A) and 6(B) illustrate a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 8] Figures 8(A) and 8(B) illustrate a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 10] Figures 10(A) to 10(C) illustrate a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 11] Figures 11(A) and 11(B) illustrate a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 12] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 13] Figures 13(A) and 13(B) illustrate a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 14] Figures 14(A) and 14(B) illustrate a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 15] Figures 15(A) and 15(B) illustrate a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 16] Figures 16(A) and 16(B) illustrate a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 17] Figures 17(A) to 17(E) illustrate the electronic device according to the embodiment. [Figure 18] Figures 18(A) to 18(E) illustrate the electronic equipment according to the embodiment. [Figure 19] Figures 19(A) and 19(B) illustrate an electronic device according to an embodiment. [Figure 20] Figures 20(A) and 20(B) illustrate the electronic device according to the embodiment. [Figure 21] Figure 21 is a diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an embodiment. [Figure 22] Figure 22 shows the absorption spectrum of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn. [Figure 23]Figure 23 shows the MS spectrum of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn. [Figure 24] Figure 24 shows the measured refractive index data for mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn. [Figure 25] Figure 25 shows the absorption spectrum of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn. [Figure 26] Figure 26 shows the MS spectrum of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn. [Figure 27] Figure 27 shows the measured refractive index data for mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn. [Figure 28] Figure 28 shows the refractive index data for mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn, mPn-mDMePyPTzn, Li-6mq, and Liq. [Figure 29] Figure 29 shows the luminance-current density characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and comparative light-emitting device 1. [Figure 30] Figure 30 shows the current efficiency-luminance characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and comparative light-emitting device 1. [Figure 31] Figure 31 shows the luminance-voltage characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and comparison light-emitting device 1. [Figure 32] Figure 32 shows the current-voltage characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and comparison light-emitting device 1. [Figure 33] Figure 33 shows the external quantum efficiency-luminance characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and comparative light-emitting device 1. [Figure 34] Figure 34 shows the emission spectra of light-emitting device 1 and comparison light-emitting device 1. [Figure 35] Figure 35 shows the reliability of light-emitting device 1 and comparison light-emitting device 1. [Figure 36] Figure 36 shows the refractive index data for mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn, mPn-mDMePyPTzn, Li-6mq, and Liq. [Figure 37] Figure 37 shows the luminance-current density characteristics of light-emitting device 2 and comparative light-emitting device 2. [Figure 38]Figure 38 shows the current efficiency-luminance characteristics of light-emitting device 2 and comparative light-emitting device 2. [Figure 39] Figure 39 shows the luminance-voltage characteristics of light-emitting device 2 and comparison light-emitting device 2. [Figure 40] Figure 40 shows the current-voltage characteristics of light-emitting device 2 and comparison light-emitting device 2. [Figure 41] Figure 41 shows the external quantum efficiency-luminance characteristics of light-emitting device 2 and comparative light-emitting device 2. [Figure 42] Figure 42 shows the emission spectra of light-emitting device 2 and comparison light-emitting device 2. [Figure 43] Figure 43 shows the reliability of light-emitting device 2 and comparison light-emitting device 2. [Figure 44] Figures 44(A) and 44(B) show the 1H NMR spectra of 2,4 mm tBuBP-6 PmPPm. [Figure 45] Figures 45(A) and 45(B) show the 1H NMR spectra of 4mmtBuBP-6PmPPm. [Figure 46] Figure 46 shows the absorption and emission spectra of Li-6mq in an anhydrous acetone solution. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0054] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is as follows Not limited to the description, the form and details thereof may be described without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the invention can be modified in various ways. Therefore, the present invention is as follows: This should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described in the embodiments.

[0055] (Embodiment 1) Among organic compounds with carrier transport properties that can be used in organic EL elements, One of the materials with low efficacy is 1,1-bis[4-[N,N-di(p-tolyl)amino]phen [Lu-cyclohexane (abbreviated as TAPC) is known. Materials with a low refractive index are used in the EL layer. Using TAPC makes it possible to increase the external quantum efficiency of the light-emitting device. This is expected to yield light-emitting devices with good external quantum efficiency. However, T APC has a low glass transition temperature, which gives it problems with heat resistance. Also, TAPC has holes It is possible to pass through a substance, but it is practically impossible to pass through electrons.

[0056] Furthermore, in order to obtain a material with a low refractive index, atoms with low atomic refraction are introduced into the molecule, Alternatively, it is preferable to introduce substituents with low molecular refraction. Substituents with low molecular refraction include saturates. Examples include saturated hydrocarbon groups and cyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups.

[0057] Typically, there is a trade-off relationship between carrier transportability and refractive index, and improving carrier transportability is important. It is commonly believed that the refractive index increases. This is because the carrier transport properties in organic compounds are This is largely due to the presence of unsaturated bonds, and organic compounds with many unsaturated bonds are prone to refractory behavior. This is because the conversion rate tends to be high.

[0058] Furthermore, electron-transporting organic compounds are required to meet the LUMO (Lowest Unspaced Orbital) requirements. Due to the low level of the noccupied molecular orbital (Molecular Orbital) level, originally Compared to hole-transporting organic compounds, these compounds offer superior mobility and stability for use in organic light-emitting diode (EL) devices. It is known to be difficult to produce the necessary characteristics. Therefore, these characteristics are negatively affected. The introduction of saturated hydrocarbon groups that impart this property was considered undesirable.

[0059] However, contrary to these conventional theories, the inventors have developed a material that combines carrier transportability with a low refractive index. As a compound, carbon atoms that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals that constitute saturated hydrocarbon groups The proportion of pyrimidine skeletons, pyrazine skeletons, diazine skeletons, or triazine skeletons within a certain range A material for light-emitting devices containing an organic compound having a skeleton was discovered. The material used for light-emitting devices possesses both low refractive index optical properties and electron transport properties, making it suitable for light-emitting devices and It is suitable for the electron transport layer of photoelectronic devices such as photoelectric conversion devices, and It can also be used as a material for the subtransport layer. The organic compounds contained in the material for conveying the bed are, among the substituents that the organic compounds have, sp3 hybridization By optimizing the number of substituents or their substitution positions on substituents that have carbon atoms forming bonds in orbitals, This makes it possible to achieve a low refractive index while maintaining high electron transportability. In organic compounds, the proportion of carbon atoms forming bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals is within a certain range. This provides not only a low refractive index and high electron transport properties, but also heat resistance with a high glass transition temperature. This makes it possible to obtain materials for light-emitting devices and electron transport layers that also possess the following properties.

[0060] Furthermore, by using the above-mentioned light-emitting device material in the EL layer of the light-emitting device, a low refractive index is achieved. By taking advantage of this characteristic, it is possible to improve the efficiency of light extraction in the EL layer. This allows for an improvement in the luminous efficiency of light-emitting devices.

[0061] Furthermore, the above-mentioned electron transport layer material has high electron transport properties, making it suitable for EL (electroluminescent) devices. It is suitable for the electron transport layer of the layer, and its low refractive index is utilized to enable light emission in the EL layer. It is also possible to improve the extraction efficiency, thus improving the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device. This is possible. Furthermore, one embodiment of the present invention provides an electron transport layer material with high electron transport properties and light (special Because it has (visible light) transmittance, it is suitable for the electron transport layer of photoelectric conversion devices.

[0062] The material for the light-emitting device or electron transport layer comprises a 6-membered ring containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms. It contains an organic compound having at least one heteroaromatic ring, and the glass transition temperature of the organic compound is 90° The temperature is above ℃, and the refractive index of the layer made of an organic compound is between 1.5 and 1.75, luminescent D The material is for a vice or for an electron transport layer. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention is a material with 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms. Light-emitting device containing an organic compound having at least one six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing elementary atoms. Materials for use or electron transport layers, wherein the glass transition temperature of the organic compound is 90°C or higher. , the total number of carbon atoms in an organic compound molecule that form bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals The proportion of is between 10% and 60% for materials used in light-emitting devices or electron transport layers. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention involves a six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, with a small amount of A material for a light-emitting device or an electron transport layer containing an organic compound having one of the following: The glass transition temperature of the organic compound is 90°C or higher. 1 Organic compounds were measured using H-NMR. The integral value of signals less than 4 ppm in the results is the integral value of signals 4 ppm or greater. It is a material for light-emitting devices or an electron transport layer that is more than half the original size.

[0063] Furthermore, the heteroaromatic ring in the above organic compound must be a triazine ring or a diazine ring. Preferably, it is a triazine ring or a pyrimidine ring. Also, the above Gala The transition temperature is preferably 100°C or higher, more preferably 110°C or higher. More preferably, the temperature is 120°C or higher.

[0064] Furthermore, the above-mentioned material for light-emitting devices or electron transport layer contains 6 nitrogen atoms, with 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms. Aromatic carbon having at least one heteroaromatic ring of member rings, with the number of carbon atoms forming the ring being 6 to 14 It has multiple hydrogen rings, and at least two of the multiple aromatic hydrocarbon rings are benzene rings. It contains an organic compound having multiple hydrocarbon groups that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals, and For light of any wavelength in the range of 455 nm to 465 nm in the layer composed of the composite material A material for light-emitting devices or electron transport, having an ordinary refractive index of 1.5 to 1.75. This is a material for conveying layers. Note that the above benzene ring may be a monocyclic benzene ring, i.e., another aromatic ring. A benzene ring that is not fused is preferred.

[0065] Furthermore, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals, as shown in the above configuration, It affects the refractive index of organic compounds. That is, the total amount of bonds formed by sp3 hybrid orbitals As the number of carbon atoms increases, the refractive index decreases, thus improving the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting devices that utilize this. The rate can be improved.

[0066] Furthermore, the electron transport layer material has a reduced number of six-membered heteroaromatic rings containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms. Each has one, and has multiple aromatic hydrocarbon rings with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring, and multiple At least two of the aromatic hydrocarbon rings are benzene rings, and the bonds are formed by sp3 hybrid orbitals. It includes organic compounds that have multiple hydrocarbon groups, and the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule of the organic compound In contrast, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals is between 10% and 60%. It is preferable to have one.

[0067] Furthermore, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals, as shown in the above configuration, It affects the refractive index of organic compounds. That is, the total amount of bonds formed by sp3 hybrid orbitals As the number of carbon atoms increases, the refractive index decreases, thus improving the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting devices that utilize this. The rate can be improved. However, the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals If the amount becomes too large, it hinders the overlap of LUMOs between neighboring molecules in organic compounds. Damage to this reduces carrier transportability (such as electron transportability and electron injectionability). Therefore, the ratio of the total number of carbon atoms in a molecule to the total number of carbon atoms that form bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals is, Preferably, the amount is 10% to 60%, and more preferably 20% to 50%. Furthermore, the molecular The ratio of the total number of carbon atoms in a molecule to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule that form bonds via sp3 hybrid orbitals is 20% or more. It is preferable to keep it below 40%.

[0068] Furthermore, the electron transport layer material has a reduced number of six-membered heteroaromatic rings containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms. Each has one, and has multiple aromatic hydrocarbon rings with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring, and multiple At least two of the aromatic hydrocarbon rings are benzene rings, and the bonds are formed by sp3 hybrid orbitals. It contains an organic compound having multiple hydrocarbon groups, 1 Measurement of organic compounds by H-NMR The integral value of signals less than 4 ppm in the results obtained is the product of signals 4 ppm or greater. It is preferable that the value be at least half the fractional value.

[0069] Furthermore, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals, as shown in the above configuration, It affects the refractive index of organic compounds. That is, the total amount of bonds formed by sp3 hybrid orbitals As the number of carbon atoms increases, the refractive index decreases, thus improving the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting devices that utilize this. The ratio can be improved. Also, the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals is large. This is preferable because it improves heat resistance, such as the glass transition temperature. However, bonding with sp3 hybrid orbitals When the total number of carbon atoms in the formation becomes too large, the intermolecular relationships between neighboring molecules in the organic compound become complicated. The overlap of the LUMO is inhibited, which hinders carrier transport (electron transport and electron injection). Because (such as) the rate of entry decreases, 1 In the results of measuring organic compounds using H-NMR, A The integral value of the signal less than 4 ppm, which originates from the protons of the lucyl group and the alicyclic group, is Ally A signal originating from a 4 ppm group or a heteroaromatic group, with an integral value of 4 ppm or more that is 1 / 2 times or more. It is preferable that the ratio is 2 times or less, more preferably 1 time or more and 1.5 times or less.

[0070] Furthermore, the molecules of organic compounds contained in the above-mentioned light-emitting device material or electron transport layer material. The quantity is preferably 500 to 2000. More preferably 700 to 150. If the value is 0 or less, the thermal properties (glass transition temperature) are also high, and it becomes less likely to decompose during sublimation (deposition), so it is preferable. It seems so.

[0071] Furthermore, the molecules of organic compounds contained in the above-mentioned light-emitting device material or electron transport layer material. Within this, all hydrocarbon groups that form bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals are aromatic carbonized water The hydrocarbon group is bonded to the elementary ring, and the aromatic hydrocarbon ring to which the hydrocarbon group is bonded does not have a LUMO (Low-Organization Molecular Weight). In other words, within the molecule of an organic compound, other than the aromatic hydrocarbon ring to which the hydrocarbon group is bonded. It is preferable that the LUMO is distributed in the ring. However, in the above, the hydrocarbon group is In this specification, the statement that no LUMO is distributed in the combining aromatic hydrocarbon ring means that The distribution density of LUMOs in an aromatic hydrocarbon ring to which hydrocarbon groups are bonded is the isosurface value (iso value) is 0.06 [electrons / au 3 Less than 0.02 It means less than.

[0072] Furthermore, the LUMO is mainly distributed on the heteroaromatic ring and the substituents directly bonded to it. This is more preferable. By using such molecules, organic molecules that are located close together in the solid (membrane) state are more preferable. The LUMOs of compound molecules overlap more easily, making it easier to transport electrons, thus driving the process. It is expected that the voltage will be reduced.

[0073] Note that the isosurface values ​​(isovalues) of LUMO are calculated using molecular orbital calculations such as Gaussian. It can be calculated using this method.

[0074] Furthermore, the molecules of organic compounds contained in the above-mentioned light-emitting device material or electron transport layer material. Within this, aromatic hydrocarbons bonded to hydrocarbon groups that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals. Preferably, at least one of the rings is a benzene ring.

[0075] Furthermore, the odor of organic compounds contained in the above-mentioned materials for light-emitting devices or electron transport layers It has at least three benzene rings, and all three benzene rings are six-membered heteroatoms. Preferably bonded to the ring, and two of the three benzene rings are substituted or It is preferable that the phenyl group is unsubstituted and does not have a hydrocarbon group. Also, a 6-membered ring A triazine ring or a pyrimidine ring is preferred as the heteroaromatic ring.

[0076] Further, the organic compound contained in the aforementioned material for a light-emitting device or the material for an electron transport layer preferably has a substi tuted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. Having a substituted or unsubstituted pyridi nyl group is preferable because it can improve electron injectability from the cathode or the electron injection lay er.

[0077] Further, the hydrocarbon group forming bonds via sp3 hybrid orbitals that is contained in the organic co mpound contained in the aforementioned material for a light-emitting device or the material for an electron transport layer is preferably an al kyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and the alkyl group preferably has a branch having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0078] Note that in the aforementioned material for a light-emitting device or the material for an electron transport layer, the glass tr ansition temperature of the organic compound is preferably 90°C or higher. A more preferable glass transition temperature is 100°C or higher, further preferably 110°C or higher, particularly preferably 120°C or high er.

[0079] Next, one embodiment of the organic compound contained in the aforementioned material for a light-emitting device or the material for an electron transport layer can also be applied a s an embodiment, and the organic compound which is one embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

[0080] That is, one embodiment of the present invention is an organic compound represented by General Formula (G1).

[0081]

Chemical Formula

[0082] In General Formula (G1) above, Q 1 to Q 3 , 1 to 3 of them represent N, and Q 1 to Q​3 of If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also R 0 is hydrogen, Alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or represented by formula (G1-1) It represents one of the bases that are subjected to the action. Also, R 1 ~R 15 At least one of the following is Pirimid Substituted or unsubstituted compounds containing one of the following groups: yl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group. The group is a hydrogen atom, and the others are, independently, a C1-C6 alkyl group and a C3-C10 lipid group. A cyclic group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a substituted or unsubstituted ring, This represents either a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. , or when a substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of the triazinyl groups is substituted It has one or more substituents, each substituent independently being an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. , alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring, It is either a pyridinyl group or the organic compound represented by the general formula (G1) above. The substance is a carbonized group selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Total carbon has multiple hydrogen groups and forms bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule. The proportion of prime numbers is between 10% and 60%.

[0083] Furthermore, in the structure of the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1), the bonds are formed by sp3 hybrid orbitals. The proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming the element affects the refractive index of the organic compound. That is, sp As the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in the three hybrid orbitals increases, the refractive index decreases, therefore This can improve the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device used. Also, with sp3 hybrid orbitals When the total number of carbon atoms forming the bond increases, the heat resistance, such as the glass transition temperature, improves, which is desirable. However, if the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals becomes too large, organic compounds When the overlap of LUMOs between adjacent molecules in a substance is inhibited, carrier Because transportability (such as electron transport and electron injection) decreases, relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule... The proportion of total carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals is preferably between 10% and 60%. Furthermore, a ratio of 20% to 50% is more preferable. In addition, sp3 relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule It is preferable that the proportion of total carbon atoms forming bonds in hybrid orbitals be between 20% and 40%. stomach.

[0084] Furthermore, the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1) is a 6-membered ring containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms. Hetero-aromatic rings, 6-membered aromatic rings (i.e., substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups), and sp3 hybridization. Formed solely from hydrocarbon groups (alkyl groups or alicyclic groups) that form bonds in the orbital structure. If present (i.e., if fused rings are not included), the refractive index will be lower, and the carriers (electrons) This is preferable because it also improves transportability.

[0085] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1), Q 1 ~Q 3 A 6-membered ring having For this purpose, a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, or a triazine ring can be used. The organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1) is placed in the layer in contact with the light-emitting layer or the layer in contact with the active layer. When used in this context, triazine rings are preferred because they facilitate electron injection into these layers and have good electron transport properties. , a pyrazine ring, and a pyrimidine ring are preferable, and a triazine ring is particularly preferable.

[0086] Further, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1), the substituents (an alkyl group and an alicyclic group), the total number per molecule is preferably 4 or more and 10 or less in consideration of synthesis cost and more preferably, it is 6 or more for further reducing the refractive index. Similarly, using a larger substituent (such as an alkyl group or an alicyclic group) as much as possible can effectively reduce the refractive index even with a smaller number of substituents. In consideration of synthesis cost, the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is more preferably 4 or more. The number of carbon atoms in the alicyclic group is more preferably 6 or more.

[0087] Further, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1), the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 ring-forming carbon atoms includes a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted fluore nyl group that can be used. A phenyl group is particularly preferable because it can achieve a low refractive index. Further a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, and a fluorenyl group are preferable because they can increase the glass transition temperature. Further, these aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 14 ring-forming carbon atoms are substituted with a branched alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group , which is preferable because this can increase the glass transition temperature and at the same time does not increase the refractive index (that is, a low refractive index is maintained), thus providing a beneficial effect. Further, from the viewpoint of reducing the refractive index, the above aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 ring-forming carbon atoms is optionally substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a group having 3 to Aromatic hydrocarbon groups with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring substituted with 10 alicyclic groups, It is preferable that the substitution is made by either of the following groups. For example, a 1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl group. , such as a 1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or A phenyl group substituted with an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms is preferred. Also, 3-t-butyric Lu-5-[1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl]phenyl group and 3-cyclohexyl- 5-[1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl]phenyl group, such as an aluminum group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms Phenyl groups substituted with a kill group or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms A ru group is preferred. Also, when a fused ring is used and the number of fused rings is three or more, six The other six-membered ring is fused to the member ring at only the a-position and at least one of the c-position and e-position. In some cases, it is preferable because the refractive index can be lower compared to polyacene. For example, Nanthrene rings can have a lower refractive index compared to anthracene rings.

[0088] Furthermore, the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the organic compound represented by the general formula (G1) above. Examples include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, and isobutyl group. tert-butyl groups, pentyl groups, hexyl groups, etc., can be used. Also, carbon Examples of alicyclic groups of number 3 to 10 include cyclopropyl group, cyclohexyl group, and cyclodecane. A group such as a bicyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, etc., can be used.

[0089] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1), some or all of the hydrogen atoms are... It can be a deuterium atom. In this case, the light-emitting layer of the light-emitting device or the atom in contact with the light-emitting layer When used in layers, a long-life element can be expected. On the other hand, when all hydrogen atoms are light hydrogen... However, this is preferable because it can reduce synthesis costs.

[0090] Another aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G2).

[0091] [ka]

[0092] In the above general formula (G2), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 of If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also R 1 ~R 15 At least one of the following is a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group Each of the following is either a substituted or unsubstituted group, and the others are, independently, hydrogen and carbon atoms numbering 1 to 6. Alkyl groups, alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and groups with carbon atoms forming a substituted or unsubstituted ring. 6 to 14 aromatic hydrocarbon groups, or any of substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl groups Represents a substituted group containing one of the following: a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group. Alternatively, if the unsubstituted group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, and each substituent is Independently, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a carbon atom forming a ring. It is either an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a pyridinyl group, numbering between 6 and 14. The organic compounds represented by the general formula (G2) include alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and C3 alkyl groups. It has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from 10 to 10 alicyclic groups, and the sp ratio is relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule. The proportion of total carbon atoms forming bonds in three hybrid orbitals is between 10% and 60%.

[0093] Furthermore, in the structure of the organic compound represented by the general formula (G2) above, the bonds are formed by sp3 hybrid orbitals. The proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming the element affects the refractive index of the organic compound. That is, sp As the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in the three hybrid orbitals increases, the refractive index decreases, therefore This can improve the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device used. Also, with sp3 hybrid orbitals When the total number of carbon atoms forming the bond increases, the heat resistance, such as the glass transition temperature, improves, which is desirable. However, if the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals becomes too large, organic compounds When the overlap of LUMOs between adjacent molecules in a substance is inhibited, carrier Because transportability (such as electron transport and electron injection) decreases, relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule... The proportion of total carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals is preferably between 10% and 60%. Furthermore, a ratio of 20% to 50% is more preferable. In addition, sp3 relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule It is preferable that the proportion of total carbon atoms forming bonds in hybrid orbitals be between 20% and 40%. stomach.

[0094] Furthermore, the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2) is Q 1 ~Q 3 A 6-membered ring complex aromatic compound containing A fragrance ring, a 6-membered aromatic ring (i.e., a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group), and sp3 hybrid orbitals. A field formed only of hydrocarbon groups (alkyl groups or alicyclic groups) that form bonds. When combined (i.e., when no fused ring is included), the refractive index becomes lower, and the carrier (electron) transport properties... This is preferable because it also increases the overall value.

[0095] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2), Q 1 ~Q 3 A 6-membered ring including For this purpose, a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, or a triazine ring can be used. The organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2) is used in the layer in contact with the light-emitting layer or the layer in contact with the active layer. If used, triazine rings, which are easily injected into these layers and have good electron transport properties, A pyrazine ring and a pyrimidine ring are preferred, and a triazine ring is particularly preferred.

[0096] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2), substituents (alkyl group and alicyclic group) The total number of (substances) per molecule should be between 4 and 10, taking synthesis costs into consideration. It is preferable, and even more preferable if the refractive index is 6 or higher to lower it further. Similarly, Using larger substituents (alkyl groups and alicyclic groups, etc.) results in fewer substituents. It also has the effect of effectively lowering the refractive index, and considering the synthesis cost, the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group It is more preferable if the number of carbon atoms is 4 or more. It is more preferable if the number of carbon atoms in the alicyclic group is 6 or more.

[0097] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2), the number of carbon atoms forming the ring is 6 to The 14 aromatic hydrocarbon groups include substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted Naphthyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted fluoresces. A nyl group can be used. A phenyl group is particularly preferred because it allows for a low refractive index. Furthermore, naphthyl groups, phenanthryl groups, and fluorenyl groups enhance the glass transition temperature. This is preferable because it allows for this. Furthermore, aromatic carbon with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming these rings is also preferable. The hydrogenated group is replaced with a branched alkyl group or cycloalkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms. By doing so, the glass transition point is raised while the refractive index does not increase (i.e., a low refractive index). This is preferable because it provides the effect of maintaining the refractive index. Also, from the viewpoint of reducing the refractive index, the above Aromatic hydrocarbon groups with 6 to 14 carbon atoms that form a ring, alkyl groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or groups having 3 to Aromatic hydrocarbon groups with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring substituted with 10 alicyclic groups, It is preferable that the substitution is made by either of the following groups. For example, a 1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl group. , such as a 1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or A phenyl group substituted with an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms is preferred. Also, 3-t-butyric Lu-5-[1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl]phenyl group and 3-cyclohexyl- 5-[1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl]phenyl group, such as an aluminum group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms Phenyl groups substituted with a kill group or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms A ru group is preferred. Also, when a fused ring is used and the number of fused rings is three or more, six The other six-membered ring is fused to the member ring at only the a-position and at least one of the c-position and e-position. In some cases, it is preferable because the refractive index can be lower compared to polyacene. For example, Nanthrene rings can have a lower refractive index compared to anthracene rings.

[0098] Furthermore, the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the organic compound represented by the general formula (G2) above. Examples include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, and isobutyl group. tert-butyl groups, pentyl groups, hexyl groups, etc., can be used. Also, carbon Examples of alicyclic groups of number 3 to 10 include cyclopropyl group, cyclohexyl group, and cyclodecane. A group such as a bicyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, etc., can be used.

[0099] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2), some or all of the hydrogen atoms are... It can be a deuterium atom. In this case, the light-emitting layer of the light-emitting device or the atom in contact with the light-emitting layer When used in layers, a long-life element can be expected. On the other hand, when all hydrogen atoms are light hydrogen... However, this is preferable because it can reduce synthesis costs.

[0100] Another aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G3).

[0101] [ka]

[0102] In the above general formula (G3), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 of If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 will represent CH. Also, R 2 , R 4 , R 7 , R 9 , R 12 , R 14 At least one of them is a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group A substituted or unsubstituted group containing either a triazinyl group or a triazinyl group, with the others being independent. In addition, hydrogen, C1 to C6 alkyl groups, C3 to C10 alicyclic groups, substitution or no substitution. Aromatic hydrocarbon groups with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a substituted ring, or substituted or unsubstituted groups Represents one of the following: pyridinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group. If a substitution is a substitution, then one or more substitutions are included in any one of the bases, whether the base is substituted or unsubstituted. It has a group, and each substituent is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Alicyclic groups, aromatic hydrocarbon groups with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring, or pyridinyl groups, It is one of the following. Note that the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3) has 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from alkyl groups and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, The ratio of the total number of carbon atoms in a molecule to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule that form bonds via sp3 hybrid orbitals is 10%. The percentage is 60% or less.

[0103] In addition, in the structure of the organic compound represented by the general formula (G3) above, the bonds are formed by sp3 hybrid orbitals. The proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming the element affects the refractive index of the organic compound. That is, sp As the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in the three hybrid orbitals increases, the refractive index decreases, therefore This can improve the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device used. Also, with sp3 hybrid orbitals When the total number of carbon atoms forming the bond increases, the heat resistance, such as the glass transition temperature, improves, which is desirable. However, if the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals becomes too large, organic compounds When the overlap of LUMOs between adjacent molecules in a substance is inhibited, carrier Because transportability (such as electron transport and electron injection) decreases, relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule... The proportion of total carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals is preferably between 10% and 60%. Furthermore, a ratio of 20% to 50% is more preferable. In addition, sp3 relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule It is preferable that the proportion of total carbon atoms forming bonds in hybrid orbitals be between 20% and 40%. stomach.

[0104] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3), Q 1 ~Q 3 A 6-membered ring including For this purpose, a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, or a triazine ring can be used. The organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3) is used in the layer in contact with the light-emitting layer or the layer in contact with the active layer. If used, triazine rings, which are easily injected into these layers and have good electron transport properties, A pyrazine ring and a pyrimidine ring are preferred, and a triazine ring is particularly preferred.

[0105] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3), substituents (alkyl group and alicyclic group) The total number of (substances) per molecule should be between 4 and 10, taking synthesis costs into consideration. It is preferable, and even more preferable if the refractive index is 6 or higher to lower it further. Similarly, Using larger substituents (alkyl groups and alicyclic groups, etc.) results in fewer substituents. It also has the effect of effectively lowering the refractive index, and considering the synthesis cost, the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group It is more preferable if the number of carbon atoms is 4 or more. It is more preferable if the number of carbon atoms in the alicyclic group is 6 or more.

[0106] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3), the number of carbon atoms forming the ring is 6 to The 14 aromatic hydrocarbon groups include substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted Naphthyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted fluoresces. A nyl group can be used. A phenyl group is particularly preferred because it allows for a low refractive index. Furthermore, naphthyl groups, phenanthryl groups, and fluorenyl groups enhance the glass transition temperature. This is preferable because it allows for this. Furthermore, aromatic carbon with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming these rings is also preferable. The hydrogenated group is replaced with a branched alkyl group or cycloalkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms. By doing so, the glass transition point is raised while the refractive index does not increase (i.e., a low refractive index). This is preferable because it provides the effect of maintaining the refractive index. Also, from the viewpoint of reducing the refractive index, the above Aromatic hydrocarbon groups with 6 to 14 carbon atoms that form a ring, alkyl groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or groups having 3 to Aromatic hydrocarbon groups with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring substituted with 10 alicyclic groups, It is preferable that the substitution is made by either of the following groups. For example, a 1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl group. , such as a 1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or A phenyl group substituted with an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms is preferred. Also, 3-t-butyric Lu-5-[1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl]phenyl group and 3-cyclohexyl- 5-[1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl]phenyl group, such as an aluminum group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms Phenyl groups substituted with a kill group or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms A ru group is preferred. Also, when a fused ring is used and the number of fused rings is three or more, six The other six-membered ring is fused to the member ring at only the a-position and at least one of the c-position and e-position. In some cases, it is preferable because the refractive index can be lower compared to polyacene. For example, Nanthrene rings can have a lower refractive index compared to anthracene rings.

[0107] Furthermore, the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the organic compound represented by the general formula (G3) above. Examples include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, and isobutyl group. tert-butyl groups, pentyl groups, hexyl groups, etc., can be used. Also, carbon Examples of alicyclic groups of number 3 to 10 include cyclopropyl group, cyclohexyl group, and cyclodecane. A group such as a bicyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, etc., can be used.

[0108] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3), some or all of the hydrogen atoms are... It can be a deuterium atom. In this case, the light-emitting layer of the light-emitting device or the atom in contact with the light-emitting layer When used in layers, a long-life element can be expected. On the other hand, when all hydrogen atoms are light hydrogen... However, this is preferable because it can reduce synthesis costs.

[0109] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: In organic compounds, any of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group It is preferable that the substituted or unsubstituted group, including one, is represented by formula (G1-2). Formula ( Having the group represented by G1-2), when used in the electron transport layer of a light-emitting device, the cathode Electron injection from the side is improved, allowing for a reduction in the drive voltage, which is preferable. In this case, the general formula... Organic compounds represented by (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3), and 6-methyl A mixed layer of alkyl complexes such as -8-quinolinolatolithium (abbreviation: Li-6mq) Using this method allows for a further reduction in the driving voltage, improved light extraction efficiency, and increased luminous efficiency. That is preferable.

[0110] [ka]

[0111] In the above formula (G1-2), α represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group. In addition, R 20 represents any one of a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group. In addition, m represents 0 to 2. It should be noted that, when m is 2, a plurality of α groups may each be the same or different. In addition, n represents 1 or 2. It should be noted that, when n is 2, a plurality of R 20 groups may each be the same or different.

[0112] In the above configuration, in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3), in the organic compound, either one or both of R 2 and R 4 preferably are a substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group represented by the above formula (G1-2) that contains any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group represented by said formula (G1-2). Provided that when both R and R 2 and R 4 are groups represented by formula (G1-2) ), the two groups represented by formula (G1-2) may each be the same or different from each other.

[0113] In addition, in the substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group represented by the above formula (G1-2), the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms includes, for example: a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group , a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, and the like can be used. In addition, as the alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclodecanyl group, a bicyclooctyl group, an adamantyl group, and the like can be used. group, a bicyclooctyl group, an adamantyl group, and the like can be used.

[0114] In each of the above constitutions, represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3) organic compounds, it is preferable that the substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group is represented by formula (G1-3).

[0115]

Chemical Formula

[0116] In the above formula (G1-3), R 21 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or any one of a group represented by formula (G1-3-1). Further, , R 22 represents a group represented by formula (G1-3-1). In formula (G1-3-1), R 23 and R 24 each independently represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or any one of a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyraziny l group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group, provided that at least one of R 23 and R 24 is any one of a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyra zinyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group. Further, n represents 0 to 2. In the case where n is 2, a plurality of R 21 may each be the same or different from each other.

[0117] Further, in the organic compounds represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3), R 2 and R 4Either one or both of the above formulas (G1-3) A substituted or non-substituted group containing one of the following: limidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group. It is preferable that it be a substitution base. However, R 2 and R 4 Both can be expressed by equation (G1-3). If they are groups, the two groups represented by formula (G1-3) are different even if they are the same. That's good too.

[0118] Furthermore, the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group represented by the above formula (G1-3) A C1 to C6 alkyl group in a substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of the C1 groups. Examples include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, and isobutyl group. tert-butyl groups, pentyl groups, hexyl groups, etc., can be used. Also, carbon Examples of alicyclic groups of number 3 to 10 include cyclopropyl group, cyclohexyl group, and cyclodecane. A group such as a bicyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, etc., can be used.

[0119] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: In an organic compound, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a ring has substituents If present, the substituent is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. , an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Alternatively, a ring formed by an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, with carbon atoms having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. It is preferable that it be one of the following: a fragrance hydrocarbon group.

[0120] The alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, propyl, and isopodium groups. Ropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, etc. The following can be used. In addition, as an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, the cyclopropyl group can be used. Using cyclohexyl groups, cyclodecanyl groups, bicyclooctyl groups, adamantyl groups, etc. It is possible to be there.

[0121] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: In organic compounds, the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms the ring is phenyl It is preferable that the group be one of the following: a naphthyl group, a phenantrenyl group, or a fluorenyl group. .

[0122] Phenyl groups are particularly preferred because they allow for a low refractive index. Also, naphthyl and phenantyl groups are preferred. The fluorenyl group is preferred because it can raise the glass transition temperature. These rings are formed by aromatic hydrocarbon groups with 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and branched groups with 3 carbon atoms. Substitution with alkyl or cycloalkyl groups increases the glass transition temperature. At the same time, the effect of not increasing the refractive index (i.e., maintaining a low refractive index) is obtained, Preferred. Also, from the viewpoint of reducing the refractive index, the aromatic compounds having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming the above ring are preferable. Fragrance hydrocarbon groups include alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or Forms a ring substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. It is preferable that it is substituted with one of the aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. For example, 1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl group, 1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl Substitutions include alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. A phenyl group is preferred. Also, 3-t-butyl-5-[1,3-di(t-butyl) [phenyl]phenyl group and 3-cyclohexyl-5-[1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl A C1-C6 alkyl group or a C3-C10 lipid group, such as a phenyl group. Phenyl groups substituted with cyclic phenyl groups are preferred. Also, using a fused ring In cases where the number of fused rings is three or more, other six-membered rings are at position a and When the ring is fused at at least one position between the c and e positions, the refractive index is lower compared to polyacene. This is preferable because it allows for a more efficient use of the anthracene ring. For example, the phenanthrene ring is preferable to the anthracene ring. By comparison, the refractive index can be lowered.

[0123] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: In organic compounds, the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a ring is defined by the following formula It is preferable that it be represented by one of (ra-1) to (ra-16). In particular, the following formula ( Groups having a cyclohexyl group, such as (ra-2), (ra-4), and (ra-6) By using this, the refractive index can be lowered while also being used as an electron transport material for charge transport elements such as light-emitting devices. Even when used in this manner, the drive voltage does not tend to become excessively high, which is preferable.

[0124] [ka]

[0125] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: In organic compounds, substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl groups, unsubstituted pyridinyl groups, Alternatively, it is preferable that it is a pyridinyl group substituted with one or more methyl groups.

[0126] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: Organic compounds, and pyrimium represented by the above formulas (G1-3) and (G1-3-1) A substituted or unsubstituted compound containing one of the following groups: a dinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group. The alicyclic group in the group is preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0127] In each of the above configurations, the general formulas (G1), (G2), and (G3) are expressed as follows: Organic compounds, and pyrimium represented by the above formulas (G1-3) and (G1-3-1) A substituted or unsubstituted compound containing one of the following groups: a dinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group. In the group, the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is a branched alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms. It is preferable that it be a base.

[0128] Another aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G3').

[0129] [ka]

[0130] In the above general formula (G3'), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also, R 2 is, formula (R 2 The group represented by -1) is R 4 , R 7 , R 9 , R 12 , R 14 Each is independent of the formula It represents one of the bases represented by (r-1) to (r-44). Note that formula (R 2 -1) Medium, β is a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyldiyl group. Represents R 25 represents one of the bases represented by equations (r-1) to (r-24), and n is Represents 1 or 2. Note that the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3') has 1 or more carbon atoms. It has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from 6 alkyl groups and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, The ratio of the total number of carbon atoms in a molecule that form bonds via sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is 10 It is between % and 60%.

[0131] Furthermore, in the structure of the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3'), sp3 hybrid orbitals are bonded together. The proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming a compound affects the refractive index of the organic compound. That is, s As the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in p3 hybrid orbitals increases, the refractive index decreases, therefore This can improve the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting devices using sp3 hybrid orbitals. When the total number of carbon atoms forming the bond increases, the heat resistance, such as the glass transition temperature, improves, which is desirable. However, if the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals becomes too large, organic compounding occurs. In the compound, the overlap of LUMOs between adjacent molecules is inhibited, Because rear transport properties (such as electron transport and electron injection properties) decrease, relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule The proportion of total carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals is preferably between 10% and 60%. More preferably, sp is between 20% and 50%. Furthermore, sp is a factor of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule. It is preferable that the proportion of total carbon atoms forming bonds in hybrid orbitals be between 20% and 40%. It's nice.

[0132] Furthermore, the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3') is Q 1 ~Q 3 A complex 6-membered ring containing Aromatic rings, six-membered aromatic rings (i.e., substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups), and sp3 hybrid orbitals. It is formed solely from hydrocarbon groups (alkyl groups or alicyclic groups) that form bonds in the pathway. In the case of (i.e., when fused rings are not included), the refractive index becomes lower, and carrier (electron) transport It is desirable because it also increases sexual performance.

[0133] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3'), Q 1 ~Q 3 A 6-membered ring including For this purpose, a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, or a triazine ring can be used. The organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3') is placed in a layer in contact with the light-emitting layer or in contact with the active layer. When used in layers, triazine is suitable because it facilitates electron injection into these layers and has good electron transport properties. A ring, pyrazine ring, or pyrimidine ring is preferred, and a triazine ring is particularly preferred.

[0134] [ka]

[0135] [ka]

[0136] [ka]

[0137] In the above configuration, the above formula (R 2 In the group represented by (-1), β is given by the following formula (β-1) It is preferable that the group be represented by any one of the following: ~(β-14).

[0138] [ka]

[0139] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3'), some or all of the hydrogen atoms are... This can be a deuterium atom. In this case, the light-emitting layer of the light-emitting device or the atom in contact with the light-emitting layer When used in layers such as [unclear], long-life devices can be expected. On the other hand, all hydrogen atoms are light hydrogen. This approach is preferable because it can reduce synthesis costs.

[0140] Next, specific examples of organic compounds having the above-described configurations, which represent one aspect of the present invention, are shown below. .

[0141] [ka]

[0142] [ka]

[0143] [ka]

[0144] [ka]

[0145] [ka]

[0146] [ka]

[0147] [ka]

[0148] [ka]

[0149] [ka]

[0150] [ka]

[0151] [ka]

[0152] For example, structural formula (138) is R in general formula (G3). 2 In addition, as a substituent, A pyrimidinyl group having two tyl groups, R 4 It has two tert-butyl groups as substituents. This shows organic compounds that each have a phenyl group.

[0153] Furthermore, for example, structural formulas (111), (131), and (147) are generally In equation (G3), R 2 and R 7 and R 12 In addition, as a group containing a pyrimidinyl group, pyrimidinyl This shows organic compounds each containing a nyl-tert-butylphenylene group. In other words, Structural formulas (111), (131), and (147) correspond to general formula (G3). In this, the group containing the pyrimidinyl group is represented by the organic compound represented by formula (G1-3), and formula (G In 1-3), R 21is hydrogen, n is 1, R 23 is hydrogen, R 24 is a pyrimidinyl group ru.

[0154] The above structural formulas (100) to (116), (118) to (122), and (124) The organic compound represented by (199) is an example of the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1). However, the organic compounds that constitute one aspect of the present invention are not limited to these.

[0155] Next, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for synthesizing an organic compound represented by the following general formula (G1) I will explain.

[0156] [ka]

[0157] In the above general formula (G1), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 of If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also R 0 is hydrogen, Alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or represented by formula (G1-1) It represents one of the bases that are subjected to the action. Also, R 1 ~R 15 At least one of the following is Pirimid Substituted or unsubstituted compounds containing one of the following groups: yl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group. The group is a hydrogen atom, and the others are, independently, a C1-C6 alkyl group and a C3-C10 lipid group. A cyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring, This represents either a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. A substituted or unsubstituted group containing either a triazine group or a triazinyl group is considered substituted. The atom has one or more substituents, each substituent independently being an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. A cycloidal group, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring. It is either a group or a pyridinyl group. Note that the organic represented by the general formula (G1) above The compounds are selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. It has multiple hydrocarbon groups and forms bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule. The proportion of total carbon atoms is between 10% and 60%.

[0158] ≪Synthesis method for organic compounds represented by general formula (G1)≫ The following describes an example of a synthesis method for an organic compound represented by general formula (G1). Various reactions can be applied to the synthesis of these organic compounds. For example, the following synthesis skim As shown in (A-1), arylboron compound (a1) and halogenated heteroaryl By coupling with (a2), the target compound (G1) can be synthesized. In this reaction, it is possible to use a synthesis method that employs a metal catalyst in the presence of a base, for example Alternatively, the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction can be used.

[0159] [ka]

[0160] In the above synthesis scheme (A-1), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 No To Q 3 If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also R 0 teeth In formula (a1), hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Represents either a formula group or a group represented by formula (a1-1), in general formula (G1). This includes hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a compound of the formula (G1 It represents one of the groups represented by -1). Also, R 1 ~R 15 At least one of the following is , a substituted or The first group is an unsubstituted group, while the others are, independently, hydrogen, a C1-C6 alkyl group, and a C3 group. Aromatic carbonized water with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming up to 10 alicyclic groups or substituted or unsubstituted rings. It represents either an elementary group, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. A substituted or unsubstituted group containing either a radinyl group or a triazinyl group is substituted Sometimes it has one or more substituents, each substituent independently having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups, alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, aromatic carbon groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring. It is either a hydrogenated group or a pyridinyl group. Y is a boronic acid, pinacol boron, etc. Which boronic acid ester does it represent? X is chlorine, bromine, iodine, or a sulfonyloxy group. It represents either one, and using the one with the larger atomic number increases reactivity, therefore it is preferable. Also, X can be a boronic acid, a boronic acid ester such as pinacol boron, and Y can be a halogen or These can also be reacted with sulfonyloxy groups.

[0161] In this synthesis scheme, the R of the halogenated heteroaryl (a2) 12 arylboration An example of a reaction in which the Y group of compound (a1-1) is substituted is shown. A similar reaction is performed with aryl hydroxya R of the um compound (a1) 1 ~R 11 , R 13 ~R 15 You can also do it at the replacement position. In other words The R of the arylboron compound (a1) 1 ~R 11 , R 13 ~R 15 One or more of the following Let Y be a boronic acid, such as a boronic acid ester like pinacolboron, and the arylboration Combined, R 1 ~R 11 , R 13 ~R 15 One or more of the following and X (halogen or sulfon The target compound (G1) may be synthesized by reacting it with a compound having a luoxy group. .

[0162] Note that R in the above general formula (G1) 0 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or carbon In the case of alicyclic groups with prime numbers 3 to 10, the R of the arylboron compound (a1) 1 ~R 10 Noi Let the difference be 1 and Y be the same as the synthesis scheme (A-1) for heteroaryl halogens (a2 A reaction involving the following may be carried out.

[0163] In addition, in the above synthesis scheme (A-1), the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction using a palladium catalyst is performed. If done, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), palladium acetate( II) Palladium compounds such as Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphen Ligands such as phosphate can be used. Also, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, triphosphate Inorganic bases such as lium can be used. Also, tetrahydrofuran can be used as a solvent. Dioxane, water, etc. can be used. The reagents that can be used in this reaction are This is not limited to these reagents.

[0164] Although an example of a method for synthesizing an organic compound, which is one aspect of the present invention, has been described above, the present invention is... This is not the only way to synthesize it; it may be synthesized by any other method.

[0165] The configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the configurations shown in other embodiments. It is possible.

[0166] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, the light-emitting device using the organic compound shown in Embodiment 1 is shown in Figure This will be explained using Figures 1(A) through 1(E).

[0167] ≪Specific structure of a light-emitting device≫ In the light-emitting device shown in Figures 1(A) to 1(E), Figures 1(A) and 1(C) The light-emitting device shown has a structure (single structure) in which an EL layer is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. In contrast, Figures 1(B), 1(D), and 1(E) show the EL layer sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. It has a structure (tandem structure) in which two or more layers are stacked with a charge generation layer in between. The same applies to the EL layer configuration in the case of the structure shown in Figure 1(D). If the material has a microcavity structure, the first electrode 101 is formed as a reflective electrode. The second electrode 102 is formed as a semi-transmissive / semi-reflective electrode. Therefore, the desired electrode material is simple It can be formed by using several or more of them, in a single layer or in layers. Note that the second electrode 102 After forming the EL layer 103b, the material is selected and formed in the same manner as described above.

[0168] <First electrode and second electrode> The material used to form the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 is the same as the material used to form both electrodes as described above. If the requirements can be met, the following materials can be used in appropriate combinations. For example Metals, alloys, electrically conductive compounds, and mixtures thereof can be used as appropriate. Specifically, In-Sn oxide (also called ITO), In-Si-Sn oxide (IT Examples include SO (also known as In-Zn oxide) and In-W-Zn oxide. In addition, A Titanium (Al), Titanium (Ti), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), Indium (In), Tin (Sn), Molybdenum (Mo), Tantalum (Ta), Tungsten Ten (W), Palladium (Pd), Gold (Au), Platinum (Pt), Silver (Ag), Yttrium Metals such as chromium (Y), neodymium (Nd), and alloys containing these in appropriate combinations are used. It is also possible that there are other elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table that are not listed above. Element (for example, lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), calcium (Ca), strontium Rare earth metals such as syrup (Sr), europium (Eu), and ytterbium (Yb), and Alloys containing these elements in appropriate combinations, as well as graphene and other materials, can be used.

[0169] In the light-emitting device shown in Figures 1(A) and 1(C), the first electrode 101 is the anode. In this case, an EL layer 103 is formed on the first electrode 101 by vacuum deposition. Specifically, as shown in Figure 1(C), there is an E between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102. The L layer 103 consists of a hole injection layer 111, a hole transport layer 112, a light-emitting layer 113, and an electron transport layer. The deposition layer 114 and the electron injection layer 115 are sequentially layered and formed by vacuum deposition. Figure 1(B In the light-emitting device shown in Figures 1(D) and 1(E), the first electrode 101 is the anode. In this case, the hole injection layer 111a of the EL layer 103a and hole transport are located on the first electrode 101. Layer 112a is sequentially laminated by vacuum deposition. EL layer 103a and charge generation layer 1 After 06 (or charge generation layer 106a) is formed, charge generation layer 106 (or charge On the generation layer 106a) the hole injection layer 111b and hole transport layer 112b of the EL layer 103b Similarly, layers are formed sequentially.

[0170] <Hole injection layer> The hole injection layers (111, 111a, 111b) consist of the first electrode 101 which is the anode and the charge From the generation layer (106, 106a, 106b) to the EL layer (103, 103a, 103b) A layer into which holes are injected, and is an organic acceptor material and a material with high hole injection potential. This layer contains either one or both of the following:

[0171] Organic acceptor materials have a LUMO level and HOMO (Highest Occupied Orbital: High) Other values ​​of the Occupied Molecular Orbital (Es) levels are close to each other. By separating charge between an organic compound and the substance, a hole is generated in the organic compound. It is a material that can be used for this purpose. Therefore, as an organic acceptor material, quinodimethane Electron-withdrawing groups such as derivatives, chloranil derivatives, and hexaazatriphenylene derivatives (for example) Compounds having a halogen group or a cyano group can be used. For example, 7,7 8,8-Tetracyano-2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviation: F4-T CNQ), 3,6-difluoro-2,5,7,7,8,8-hexacyanoquinodimethane, Chloranil, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12- Hexaazatriphenylene (abbreviation: HAT-CN), 1,3,4,5,7,8-hexaph Luorotetracyano-naphthoquinodimethane (abbreviation: F6-TCNNQ), 2-(7-disyl Anomethylene-1,3,4,5,6,8,9,10-Octafluoro-7H-pyrene-2 - Yridene) Malononitrile and the like can be used. However, especially when an electron-withdrawing group is bonded to a condensed aromatic ring with multiple complex atoms, such as HAT-CN The compound is suitable because it has high acceptor properties and its film structure is stable against heat. In addition, there are also electron-withdrawing groups (especially halogen groups such as fluoro groups or cyano groups) [ 3] Radialene derivatives are preferred because they have very high electron-accepting properties, specifically α,α', α''-1,2,3-cyclopropanetriylidentris[4-cyano-2,3,5,6 -tetrafluorobenzeneacetonitrile], α,α',α''-1,2,3-cyclop Ropantriiridentris[2,6-dichloro-3,5-difluoro-4-(trifluoro [methyl)benzeneacetonitrile], α,α',α''-1,2,3-cyclopropane Tri-iridentris [2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzeneacetonitrile] You can use these.

[0172] Furthermore, as a material with high hole implantation potential, gold, which belongs to groups 4 through 8 of the periodic table, is an example. Oxides of the genus (molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, ruthenium oxide, tungstic acid) Transition metal oxides such as oxides and manganese oxides can be used. Specifically, oxidation Molybdenum, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, tungsten oxide Examples include manganese oxide and rhenium oxide. Among the above, molybdenum oxide is present in the atmosphere. It is stable, has low hygroscopicity, and is easy to handle, making it preferable. In addition, phthalocyanine (abbreviated) Phthalocyanine compounds such as H2Pc or copper phthalocyanine (abbreviated as CuPc) , etc. can be used.

[0173] In addition to the above materials, a low molecular weight compound, 4,4',4''-tris(N,N-diphthol Phenylamino)triphenylamine (abbreviation: TDATA), 4,4',4''-Tris[ N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (abbreviation: MTD) ATA), 4,4'-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamine [no]biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB), N,N'-bis{4-[bis(3-methylphenyl )amino]phenyl}-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'- Diamine (abbreviation: DNTPD), 1,3,5-tris[N-(4-diphenylaminophen [Nyl)-N-phenylamino]benzene (abbreviation: DPA3B), 3-[N-(9-phenyl Lucarbazole-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation) :PCzPCA1), 3,6-bis[N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-N -phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA2), 3-[N- (1-Naphthyl)-N-(9-Phenylcarbazole-3-yl)amino]-9-Phenyl Aromatic amine compounds such as rucarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCN1) can be used. Cut.

[0174] Furthermore, polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.), such as poly(N-vinyl) Lucarbazole (abbreviation: PVK), poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) (abbreviation: P VTPA), poly[N-(4-{N'-[4-(4-diphenylamino)phenyl]phenyl] [Nyl-N'-phenylamino}phenyl)methacrylamide] (abbreviation: PTPDMA), Poly[N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine Poly(TPD), etc., can be used. Alternatively, poly(3,4-ethylene) Dioxythiophene / poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (abbreviation: PEDOT / PSS), Add an acid such as polyaniline / poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (abbreviation: PAni / PSS). Polymeric compounds, etc., can also be used.

[0175] Furthermore, materials with high hole injection potential include hole transport materials and the aforementioned organic acceptor materials. Composite materials containing electron-accepting materials can also be used. In this case, organic acceptors - Depending on the material, electrons are extracted from the hole-transporting material, generating holes in the hole injection layer 111. Holes are injected into the light-emitting layer 113 via the hole transport layer 112. Note that the hole injection layer 111 is A composite material consisting of a hole transport material and an organic acceptor material (electron-accepting material). It may be formed in layers, but a hole transport material and an organic acceptor material (electron-accepting material) They can also be formed by stacking them in separate layers.

[0176] Furthermore, for hole-transporting materials, the square root of the electric field strength [V / cm] is 600. The degree of motion is 1 × 10 -6 cm 2 A material having a hole mobility of / Vs or higher is preferred. Other substances can be used if they have a higher hole transport capacity than these.

[0177] As hole transport materials, π-electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds (e.g., carbazole derivatives) (Furan derivatives or thiophene derivatives) and aromatic amines (having an aromatic amine skeleton) Materials with high hole transport properties, such as compounds, are preferred.

[0178] The above carbazole derivatives (compounds having a carbazole skeleton) include bicarb Zole derivatives (e.g., 3,3'-bicarbazole derivatives), aromatic compounds having a carbazolyl group Examples include aromatic amines.

[0179] Furthermore, the above bicarbazole derivatives (for example, 3,3'-bicarbazole derivatives) are Specifically, 3,3'-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole) (abbreviation: PCCP) ), 9,9'-bis(biphenyl-4-yl)-3,3'-bi-9H-carbazole (abbreviated) Name: BisBPCz), 9,9'-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-3-yl)-3,3' -B-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: BismBPCz), 9-(1,1'-biphenyl- 3-yl)-9'-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-9H,9'H-3,3'-bi Carbazole (abbreviation: mBPCCBP), 9-(2-naphthyl)-9'-phenyl-9H Examples include 9'H-3,3'-bicarbazole (abbreviated as βNCCP).

[0180] Furthermore, as an aromatic amine having the above-mentioned carbazolyl group, specifically, 4-phenyl- 4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: P) CBA1BP), N-(4-biphenyl)-N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene) -2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: PCBiF), N-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazo [I-3-yl)phenyl]-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation) :PCBBiF), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol) Lu-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBBi1BP), 4-(1-naphthyl) -4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBANB), 4,4'-di(1-naphthyl)-4''-(9-phenyl-9H-cal Bazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBNBB), 4-phenyldiphenyl Nyl-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)amine (abbreviation: PCA1BP) N,N'-bis(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-N,N'-diphenylbenn Zen-1,3-diamine (abbreviation: PCA2B), N,N',N''-triphenyl-N, N',N''-Tris(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)benzene-1,3,5- Triamine (abbreviation: PCA3B), 9,9-dimethyl-N-phenyl-N-[4-(9- Phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBAF), N-phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-I Phenyl]spiro-9,9'-bifluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBASF), 3-[N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenyl Nilcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA1), 3,6-bis[N-(9-phenylcarbazole) Zole-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCz) PCA2), 3-[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl )amino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCN1), 3-[N-(4-di Phenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzDPA1), 3,6-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenyl Luamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzDPA2), 3,6-bis[N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-(1-naphthyl)amino]-9-phenylcal Bazole (abbreviation: PCzTPN2), 2-[N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl) )-N-phenylamino]spiro-9,9'-bifluorene (abbreviation: PCASF), N- [4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]-N-(4-phenyl)phenyl Dilin (abbreviation: YGA1BP), N,N'-bis[4-(carbazole-9-yl)fer [Nyl]-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,7-diamine (abbreviation) :YGA2F), 4,4',4''-Tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenyl Examples include MIN (abbreviated as TCTA).

[0181] In addition to the above, 3-[4-(9-phenanthryl) -phenyl]-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCPPn), 3-[4-( 1-Naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCPN), 1,3-Bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (abbreviation: mCP), 4,4'-Di(N-carbazolyl)benzene Bazolyl biphenyl (abbreviation: CBP), 3,6-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl) -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: CzTP), 1,3,5-tris[4-(N-Cal [Bazolyl)phenyl]benzene (abbreviation: TCPB), 9-[4-(10-phenyl-9- Examples include anthracenyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviated as CzPA).

[0182] Furthermore, the above furan derivatives (compounds having a furan skeleton) specifically include 4,4' ,4''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DBF) 3P-II), 4-{3-[3-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl Examples include phenyl dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mmDBFFLBi-II).

[0183] Furthermore, the above-mentioned thiophene derivatives (compounds having a thiophene skeleton) specifically include: 4,4',4''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzothiophene)( Abbreviation: DBT3P-II), 2,8-diphenyl-4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-f Luoren-9-yl)phenyl]dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-III), 4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]-6-phenyldi Examples include benzothiophene (abbreviated as DBTFLP-IV).

[0184] Furthermore, the above aromatic amine specifically refers to 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB or α-NPD), N,N'-bis (3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4' -Diamine (abbreviation: TPD), 4,4'-bis[N-(spiro-9,9'-bifluorene -2-yl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: BSPB), 4-phenyl-4 -(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLP) , 4-phenyl-3'-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviated) Name: mBPAFLP), N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-N- {9,9-dimethyl-2-[N'-phenyl-N'-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorine [Len-2-yl)amino]-9H-fluoren-7-yl}phenylamine (abbreviation: DF) LADFL), N-(9,9-dimethyl-2-diphenylamino-9H-fluorene-7) -yl)diphenylamine (abbreviation: DPNF), 2-[N-(4-diphenylaminophen [Nyl]-N-phenylamino]spiro-9,9'-bifluorene (abbreviation: DPASF), 2,7-Bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]spiro 9,9'-bifluorene (abbreviation: DPA2SF), 4,4',4''-tris[N-(1 -Naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (abbreviation: 1'-TNATA), 4,4',4''-Tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (abbreviation: T) DATA), 4,4',4''-Tris[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenyl Minotriphenylamine (abbreviation: m-MTDATA), N,N'-di(p-trilyl)- N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: DTDPPA), 4,4'-bi S[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB), DNTPD, 1,3,5-Tris[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl) -N-phenylamino]benzene (abbreviation: DPA3B), N-(4-biphenyl)-6, N-diphenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-8-amine (abbreviation: BnfA) BP), N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)-6-phenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2- d]Furan-8-amine (abbreviation: BBABnf), 4,4'-bis(6-phenylbenzo [b]Naphtho[1,2-d]Fran-8-yl)-4''-phenyltriphenylamine (Abbreviation: BnfBB1BP), N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)benzo[b]naphtho[1 ,2-d]furan-6-amine (abbreviation: BBABnf(6)), N,N-bis(4-bisf Benyl)benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-8-amine (abbreviation: BBABnf) 8)) N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan-4 -amine (abbreviation: BBABnf(II)(4)), N,N-bis[4-(dibenzofuran) -4-yl)phenyl]-4-amino-p-terphenyl (abbreviation: DBfBB1TP), N-[4-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-N-phenyl-4-biphenyl Luamine (abbreviation: ThBA1BP), 4-(2-naphthyl)-4',4''-diphenyl Triphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAβNB), 4-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]- 4',4''-diphenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAβNBi), 4,4'-di Phenyl-4''-(6;1'-binaphthyl-2-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: B BAαNβNB), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(7;1'-binaphthyl-2-yl) ) Triphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAαNβNB-03), 4,4'-diphenyl-4' '-(7-phenyl)naphthyl-2-yltriphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAPβNB- 03) 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(6;2'-binaphthyl-2-yl)triphen Nylamine (abbreviation: BBA(βN2)B), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(7;2' -Binaphthyl-2-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BBA(βN2)B-03), 4 ,4'-diphenyl-4''-(4;2'-binaphthyl-1-yl)triphenylamine (Abbreviation: BBAβNαNB), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(5;2'-binaphthyl) -1-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAβNαNB-02), 4-(4-bife Niryl)-4'-(2-naphthyl)-4''-phenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: TP) BiAβNB), 4-(3-biphenylyl)-4'-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl] -4''-phenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: mTPBiAβNBi), 4-(4-bi Phenylyl)-4'-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]-4''-phenyltriphenyl Luamine (abbreviation: TPBiAβNBi), 4-phenyl-4'-(1-naphthyl)triph Phenylamine (abbreviation: αNBA1BP), 4,4'-bis(1-naphthyl)triphenyl Amine (abbreviation: αNBB1BP), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-[4'-(carbazo [YGTBi1BP]triphenylamine (YGTBi1BP) ), 4'-[4-(3-phenyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]tris( 1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)amine (abbreviation: YGTBi1BP-02), 4-[4 '-(carbazole-9-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]-4'-(2-naphthyl)-4 ''-phenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: YGTBiβNB), N-[4-(9-phenyltriphenylamine) [Nyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]-N-[4-(1-naphthyl)phenyl [Lu]-9,9'-spirobio[9H-fluorene]-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBNBSF) N,N-bis([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9'-spirobio[9H- Fluorene]-2-amine (abbreviation: BBASF), N,N-bis([1,1'-biphenyl (Abbreviation: BB)-4-yl)-9,9'-spirobio[9H-fluorene]-4-amine ASF(4)), N-(1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-N-(9,9-dimethyl- 9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9,9'-spirovi[9H-fluoren]-4-amine (Abbreviation: oFBiSF), N-(4-biphenyl)-N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H- Luoren-2-yl)dibenzofuran-4-amine (abbreviation: FrBiF), N-[4-( 1-Naphthyl)phenyl]-N-[3-(6-phenyldibenzofuran-4-yl)phenyl [nyl]-1-naphthylamine (abbreviation: mPDBfBNBN), 4-phenyl-4'-[4 -(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPA) FLBi), N,N-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9,9 '-Spirobi-9H-Fluorene-4-amine, N,N-Bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H -Fluoren-2-yl)-9,9'-spirovi-9H-fluoren-3-amine, N, N-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9,9'-spirob-9 H-fluoren-2-amine, N,N-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2) Examples include -yl)-9,9'-spirobio-9H-fluoren-1-amine.

[0185] In addition, polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers) are used as hole transport materials. - etc., poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviation: PVK), poly(4-vinyl carbazole) (PVTPA) (abbreviation: PVTPA), poly[N-(4-{N'-[4-(4-diph Phenylamino)phenyl]phenyl-N'-phenylamino}phenyl)methacrylic acid [PTPDMA] (abbreviation: PTPDMA), poly[N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N' -Bis(phenyl)benzidine (abbreviated as Poly-TPD), etc., can be used. Alternatively, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Abbreviations: PEDOT / PSS), Polyaniline / Poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (Abbreviation: PA Polymeric compounds to which acids such as ni / PSS have been added can also be used.

[0186] However, the hole transport material is not limited to the above, and may be one or more of various known materials. They may be used in combination as a hole-transporting material.

[0187] Furthermore, the hole injection layers (111, 111a, 111b) were formed using various known film deposition methods. This can be achieved, for example, by using a vacuum deposition method.

[0188] <Hole transport layer> The hole transport layer (112, 112a, 112b) is a hole injection layer (111, 111a, 111 b) The holes injected from the first electrode 101 are directed to the light-emitting layer (113, 113a, 11 3b) is the layer that transports holes. Note that the hole transport layers (112, 112a, 112b) are the layers that transport holes This is a layer containing transportable material. Therefore, the hole transport layers (112, 112a, 112b) are: Using a hole transport material that can be used in the hole injection layer (111, 111a, 111b) It is possible.

[0189] Furthermore, in a light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention, the hole transport layer (112, 112a, 1 The same organic compound as in 12b) can be used in the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b). The hole transport layer (112, 112a, 112b) and the light-emitting layer (113, 113a, 113b When the same organic compound is used in the ), the hole transport layer (112, 112a, 112b) is used to emit light from the luminescent layer. This is preferable because it allows for efficient transport of the holes to (113, 113a, 113b). .

[0190] <Luminous layer> The light-emitting layer (113, 113a, 113b) is a layer containing a light-emitting material. Examples of luminescent materials that can be used in 13, 113a, and 113b include blue, purple, and blue-violet. Substances that emit light in various colors such as green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, and red can be used as appropriate. Furthermore, if there are multiple light-emitting layers, by using different light-emitting materials for each light-emitting layer... Configurations that exhibit different emission colors (for example, white obtained by combining emission colors that are complementary colors) It can be made to emit colored light. Furthermore, a laminated structure in which one of the light-emitting layers has a different light-emitting material. That is also acceptable.

[0191] Furthermore, the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b) contain, in addition to the light-emitting material (guest material), 1 It may contain one or more types of organic compounds (such as host materials).

[0192] Furthermore, when multiple host materials are used in the light-emitting layer (113, 113a, 113b), additional materials may be added. As a second host material, the energy of the existing guest material and the first host material It is preferable to use a material that has a larger energy gap than the cap. The lowest singlet excitation energy level (S1 level) of the host material is the S1 level of the first host material. Higher than the level, the lowest triplet excitation energy level (T1 level) of the second host material is, It is preferable that the T1 level is higher than that of the host material. Also, the lowest triplet excitation of the second host material. The electromotive force level (T1 level) is preferably higher than the T1 level of the first host material. i. By using this configuration, an excited complex can be formed using two types of host materials. This can be achieved. Furthermore, in order to efficiently form an excited complex, a compound that readily accepts holes is needed. Combining a hole-transporting material with a compound that readily accepts electrons (an electron-transporting material) This is particularly preferable. Furthermore, this configuration simultaneously achieves high efficiency, low voltage, and long lifespan. It is possible.

[0193] Furthermore, the above host material (including the first host material and the second host material) is used As for organic compounds, if they satisfy the conditions for being a host material used in the light-emitting layer, the aforementioned holes Hole-transporting material that can be used in the transport layer (112, 112a, 112b), or after An electron-transporting material that can be used in the electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) described above, Examples of organic compounds include, and multiple types of organic compounds (the first host material and the second) It may also be an excited complex consisting of a host material. Furthermore, the excited state can be determined by using multiple types of organic compounds. The excited complex that is formed (also known as exciplex, exciplex, or exciplex) (This refers to a state where the difference between the S1 and T1 levels is extremely small, and the triplet excitation energy is singlet excitation.) It functions as a TADF material that can be converted into electromotive force. As for combinations of multiple types of organic compounds that form a body, for example, one of them is a π-electron-deficient complex. It is preferable that one side has an aromatic ring and the other side has a π-electron-rich heteroaromatic ring. The combinations include iridium, rhodium, or platinum-based organometallic complexes on one side. Alternatively, phosphorescent materials such as metal complexes may be used.

[0194] The light-emitting material that can be used in the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b) is not particularly limited. There is no singlet excitation energy, but rather a light-emitting material that converts singlet excitation energy into emission in the visible light region, or triplet excitation A light-emitting material that converts energy into visible light emission can be used.

[0195] <<Luminescent material that converts singlet excitation energy into light emission>> Singlet excitation energies that can be used in the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b) Examples of light-emitting substances that convert light into light include the following fluorescent substances (fluorescent light-emitting substances): For example, pyrene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene Derivatives, carbazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibe Quinoxaline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, f Examples include fenanthrene derivatives and naphthalene derivatives. In particular, pyrene derivatives are luminescent quantum It is preferable because it yields a high yield. A specific example of a pyrene derivative is N,N'-bis(3-methyl Phenyl)-N,N'-bis[3-(9-phenyl-9H-fluorene-9-yl)phenyl] [Nyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6mMemFLPAPrn), N,N'- Diphenyl-N,N'-bis[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl [Nyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6FLPAPrn), N,N'-bis(di Benzofuran-2-yl)-N,N'-diphenylpyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1 ,6FrAPrn), N,N'-bis(dibenzothiophen-2-yl)-N,N'-di Phenylpyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6ThAPrn), N,N'-(pyrene) -1,6-diyl)bis[(N-phenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan)- 6-amine (abbreviation: 1,6BnfAPrn), N,N'-(pyrene-1,6-diyl) Bis[(N-phenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan)-8-amine] (abbreviation) :1,6BnfAPrn-02), N,N'-(pyrene-1,6-diyl)bis[(6, N-diphenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan)-8-amine](abbreviation: 1, Examples include 6BnfAPrn-03).

[0196] Also, 5,6-bis[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-2,2'- Bipyridine (abbreviation: PAP2BPy), 5,6-bis[4'-(10-phenyl-9-a [Nntrill]biphenyl-4-yl]-2,2'-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAPP2BPy) N,N'-bis[4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N'-diph Enylstilbene-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2S), 4-(9H-carbazeo Lu-9-yl)-4'-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation) :YGAPA), 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4'-(9,10-diphenyl (2-Anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: 2YGAPPA), N,9-diphenyl Lu-N-[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole- 3-amine (abbreviation: PCAPA), 4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)-4'-( 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBAP) A) 4-[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-4'-(9-phenyl (Lu-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBAPBA), Lylene, 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (abbreviation: TBP), N, N''-(2-tert-butylanthracene-9,10-diyldi-4,1-phenylene )bis[N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine] (abbreviation: DP) ABPA), N,9-diphenyl-N-[4-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl) )phenyl]-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPPA), N-[4- (9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-N,N',N'-triphenyl -1,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviated as 2DPAPPA), etc., can be used.

[0197] Also, N-[9,10-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-2-anthryl]- N,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCABPhA), N -(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)-N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4 -Phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPAPA), N-[9,10-bis(1,1'-bis(9,10 [phenyl-2-yl)-2-anthryl]-N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenyl Nirenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPABPhA), 9,10-bis(1,1'-biphenyl- 2-yl)-N-[4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]-N-phenyl Ntracene-2-amine (abbreviation: 2YGABPhA), N,N,9-triphenylant Spiral-9-amine (abbreviation: DPhAPhA), coumarin 545T, N,N'-diphenyl Lucinacridone (abbreviation: DPQd), rubren, 5,12-bis(1,1'-biphenyl -4-yl)-6,11-diphenyltetracene (abbreviation: BPT), 2-(2-{2-[ 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-ylide n) Propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCM1), 2-{2-methyl-6-[2-(2,3, 6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-Benzo[ij]quinoridine-9-yl)ethenyl -4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCM2), N,N,N' ,N'-Tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)tetracene-5,11-diamine (abbreviation: p -mPhTD), 7,14-diphenyl-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-methyl) Phenyl)acenaphtho[1,2-a]fluorantene-3,10-diamine (abbreviation: p- mPhAFD), 2-{2-isopropyl-6-[2-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl -2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinoridine-9-yl) Ethenyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCJTI), 2-{2-tert-butyl-6-[2-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6 ,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinoridine-9-yl)ethenyl]- 4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCJTB), 2-(2,6 -Bis{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}-4H-pyran-4-yly Den)propanedinitrile (abbreviation: BisDCM), 2-{2,6-bis[2-(8-me Toxy-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H- Benzo[ij]quinoridine-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}pro Pandinitrile (abbreviation: BisDCJTM), 1,6BnfAPrn-03, 3,10- Bis[N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-2-yl)-N-phenylamino]na Futo[2,3-b;6,7-b']bisbenzofuran (abbreviation: 3,10PCA2Nbf( IV)-02), 3,10-bis[N-(dibenzofuran-3-yl)-N-phenyl Mino]naphtho[2,3-b;6,7-b']bisbenzofuran (abbreviation: 3,10FrA2) Examples include Nbf(IV)-02). In particular, 1,6FLPAPrn and 1,6mMe Pyridine compounds such as mFLPAPrn and 1,6BnfAPrn-03 are used. It is possible to be there.

[0198] <<Luminescent material that converts triplet excitation energy into light emission>> Next, a light-emitting material that converts triplet excitation energy into light, which can be used in the light-emitting layer 113. In terms of properties, for example, these are substances that emit phosphorescence (phosphorescent materials) or exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence Examples include materials with uorescence (TADF).

[0199] Phosphorescent materials are materials that emit light in a temperature range from low temperatures (e.g., 77K) to room temperature (i.e., above 77K). A compound that exhibits phosphorescence and does not fluoresce at any of the following temperatures (above 313K): It is said that the phosphorescent material preferably contains a metallic element with a large spin-orbit interaction. Examples include organometallic complexes, metal complexes (platinum complexes), and rare earth metal complexes. Specifically, Transition metal elements are preferred, and in particular platinum group elements (ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), phosphate metals). Radium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), or platinum (Pt) It is preferable to have iridium, and in particular, to have iridium, which allows for the singlet ground state and triplet excitation. It is preferable to increase the transition probability related to direct transitions between states.

[0200] ≪Phosphorescent materials (450nm to 570nm: blue or green)≫ It exhibits a blue or green color, and the peak wavelength of its emission spectrum is between 450 nm and 570 nm. Examples of phosphorescent materials include the following:

[0201] For example, Tris{2-[5-(2-methylphenyl)-4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl )-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl-κN2]phenyl-κC}iridium (III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(mpptz-dmp)3]), Tris(5-methyl-3,4) -Diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-Triazolat) Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: [Ir (Mptz)3]), Tris[4-(3-biphenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(iPrp) Tris[3-(5-biphenyl)-5-isopropyl-4-phenyl]), Tris[3-(5-biphenyl)-5-isopropyl-4-phenyl Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(iPr5) Organometallic complexes having a 4H-triazole skeleton, such as btz)3]), Tris[3- Methyl-1-(2-methylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolate Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Mptz1-mp)3]), Tris(1-methicone) Iridium(II) 5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolato) I) (abbreviation: [Ir(Prptz1-Me)3]) has a 1H-triazole skeleton The organometallic complex, fac-tris[1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-f [Enyl-1H-imidazole] Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(iPrpmi)3 ]), Tris[3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-f] Phenanthridine Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: Ir(dmpimpt-Me)3) Organometallic complexes having an imidazole skeleton such as ]), bis[2-(4',6'-diflu Olophenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) tetrakis(1-pyrazo Lyl) Borate (abbreviation: FIr6), bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)p Riginato-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) picolinate (abbreviation: Firpic), S{2-[3',5'-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridinate-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) picolinate (abbreviation: [Ir(CF3ppy)2(pic)]) , bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinate-N,C 2’ ]iridium (III) Acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Fir(acac)) has an electron-withdrawing group Examples include organometallic complexes using phenylpyridine derivatives as ligands.

[0202] ≪Phosphorescent materials (495nm to 590nm: green or yellow)≫ It exhibits a green or yellow color, and the peak wavelength of its emission spectrum is between 495 nm and 590 nm. Examples of phosphorescent materials include the following:

[0203] For example, Tris(4-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation) :[Ir(mppm)3]), Tris(4-t-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato) Lydium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tBuppm)3]), (acetylacetonate) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(m ppm)2(acac)]), (acetylacetonato)bis(6-tert-butyl-4) -Phenylpyrimidina) Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(tBuppm)2(a (cac)), (acetylacetonato)bis[6-(2-norbornyl)-4-phenyl [Pyrimidinato] Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(nbppm)2(acac)]) (acetylacetonato)bis[5-methyl-6-(2-methylphenyl)-4-phenyl [Lupyrimidinat] Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(mpmppm)2(acac) ]), (acetylacetonato)bis{4,6-dimethyl-2-[6-(2,6-dimethyl [phenyl)-4-pyrimidinyl-κN3]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) (abbreviation) :[Ir(dmppm-dmp)2(acac)]), (acetylacetonato)bis(4 ,6-diphenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dppm)2( Organometallic iridium complexes having a pyrimidine skeleton such as (acac), (acetylated iridium complexes Setonato)bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyradinate)iridium(III) Abbreviation: [Ir(mppr-Me)2(acac)]), (acetylacetonato)bis(5 -Isopropyl-3-methyl-2-phenylpyradinato) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Organometallic compounds with a pyrazine skeleton, such as [Ir(mppr-iPr)2(acac)]). Iridium complex, Tris(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C) 2’ Iridium (III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(ppy)3]), bis(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C) 2’ ) Iridi Um(III)acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(ppy)2(acac)]), Su(benzo[h]quinolinate)iridium(III)acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [I r(bzq)2(acac)]), Tris(benzo[h]quinolinate) Iridium(II I) (abbreviation: [Ir(bzq)3]), Tris(2-phenylquinolinato-N,C) 2’ ) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(pq)3]), bis(2-phenylquinolinazole) N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(pq)2(a cac)]), bis[2-(2-pyridinyl-κN)phenyl-κC][2-(4-phenyl [Ir(2-pyridinyl-κN)phenyl-κC]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir( ppy)2(4dppy)]), bis[2-(2-pyridinyl-κN)phenyl-κC] [2-(4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-pyridinyl-κN)phenyl-κC] Organometallic iridium complex having a pyridine skeleton, bis(2,4-diphenyl-1,3-o Xazolato-N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir( dpo)2(acac)]), bis{2-[4'-(perfluorophenyl)phenyl] Pyridinate-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir( p-PF-ph)2(acac)]), bis(2-phenylbenzothiazolat-N,C 2 ’ Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(bt)2(acac) In addition to organometallic complexes such as ]), tris(acetylacetonato)(monophenanthroline) Rare earth golds such as terbium(III) (abbreviation: [Tb(acac)3(Phen)]) Examples include genus complexes.

[0204] ≪Phosphorescent materials (570nm to 750nm: yellow or red)≫ It exhibits a yellow or red color, and the peak wavelength of its emission spectrum is between 570 nm and 750 nm. Examples of phosphorescent materials include the following:

[0205] For example, (diisobutyrylmethanato)bis[4,6-bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrim [Dinato] Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(5mdppm)2(dibm)]), Su[4,6-bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidinato](dipivaloylmethanato)yl Zium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(5mdppm)2(dpm)]), (Dipivaloylmethic acid) Thanato)bis[4,6-di(naphthalene-1-yl)pyrimidinato]iridium(III Organic compounds having a pyrimidine skeleton, such as (abbreviation: [Ir(d1npm)2(dpm)]) Metal complex, (acetylacetonato)bis(2,3,5-triphenylpyradinato)iridi Um(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tppr)2(acac)]), Bis(2,3,5-) Iridium(III) (dipivaloylmethanato) (abbreviation: [Ir (tppr)2(dpm)]), bis{4,6-dimethyl-2-[3-(3,5-dimethyl-2)} [Phenyl-5-phenyl-2-pyradinyl-κN]phenyl-κC}(2,6-dimethyl Chil-3,5-heptandionato-κ 2 O,O') Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: [Ir (dmdppr-P)2(dibm)]), bis{4,6-dimethyl-2-[5-(4- Cyano-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-pyrazi [Nyl-κN]phenyl-κC}(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanediol) Nato-κ 2 O,O') Iridium(III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(dmdppr-dmCP) 2(dpm)]), bis[2-(5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-(3,5-di) Methylphenyl)-2-pyrazinyl-κN)-4,6-dimethylphenyl-κC](2, 2',6,6'-Tetramethyl-3,5-Heptanedionato-κ2O,O')Iridium (III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(dmdppr-dmp)2(dpm)]), (Acetylacetate) Tonato)bis[2-methyl-3-phenylquinoxalinato-N,C 2’ Iridium (I II) (Abbreviation: [Ir(mpq)2(acac)]), (acetylacetonato)bis(2) ,3-diphenylquinoxalinato-N,C 2’ ) Iridium (III) (Abbreviation: [Ir( dpq)2(acac)]), (acetylacetonate)bis[2,3-bis(4-fluorinated) [Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(Fdpq)2(a)] Organometallic complexes having a pyrazine skeleton such as (cac)), Tris(1-phenylisopropyl) Norinato-N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(piq)3]), bis( 1-Phenylisoquinolinato-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (Abbreviation: [Ir(piq)2(acac)]), bis[4,6-dimethyl-2-(2-k [Nolinyl-κN)phenyl-κC](2,4-pentanedionato-κ 2 O,O') Iriji A pyridine skeleton like um(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmpqn)2(acac)]) Organometallic complex having 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21 Platinum complexes such as H,23H-porphyrin platinum(II) (abbreviation: [PtOEP]), RIS(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionato)(monophenanthroline)U Lopium(III) (abbreviation: [Eu(DBM)3(Phen)]), Tris[1-(2- [Tenoyl)-3,3,3-trifluoroacetonate](monophenanthroline)europ Rare earth metal complexes such as um(III) (abbreviation: [Eu(TTA)3(Phen)]) It can be listed.

[0206] ≪TADF material≫ Furthermore, the following materials can be used as TADF materials. (TADF materials are...) The difference between the S1 level and the T1 level is small (preferably 0.2 eV or less), and it is a triplet excited state. It is possible to upconvert to a singlet excited state (reverse intersystem crossing) with a small amount of thermal energy. It is a material that efficiently exhibits light emission (fluorescence) from a singlet excited state. Conditions for efficiently obtaining activation-delayed fluorescence include a triplet excitation energy level and a singlet excitation energy level. The energy difference between the electromotive force levels is 0 eV or more and 0.2 eV or less, preferably 0 eV or more and 0 One example is that it is less than 0.1 eV. Also, delayed fluorescence in TADF materials is usually This refers to luminescence that has a spectrum similar to fluorescence but with a significantly longer lifetime. Its lifetime is 1 ×10 -6 For more than a second, preferably 1 × 10⁻⁶ seconds. -3 It is more than a second.

[0207] Examples of TADF materials include fullerenes and their derivatives, and active ingredients such as proflavin. Examples include lysine derivatives and eosin. Also, magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), platinum (Pt), indium (In), or paraben. Examples include metal-containing porphyrins containing zinc (Pd), etc. For example, protoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (abbreviated as SnF2(Proto I) X)), mesoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (abbreviation: SnF2 (Meso IX)), Matoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (abbreviation: SnF2(Hemato IX)), copro Porphyrin tetramethyl ester-tin fluoride complex (abbreviation: SnF2(Copro I) II-4Me)), Octaethylporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (abbreviation: SnF2(OE P)), Ethioporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (abbreviation: SnF2(Etio I)), O Examples include kutaethylporphyrin-platinum chloride complex (abbreviated as PtCl2OEP).

[0208] [ka]

[0209] In addition, 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4,6-bis(12-phenylindoro[ 2,3-a]carbazole-11-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PIC-T RZ), 2-{4-[3-(N-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl) Luvazole-9-yl]phenyl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviated) Name: PCCzPTzn), 2-[4-(10H-phenoxazine-10-yl)phenyl ]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PXZ-TRZ), 3-[4 -(5-phenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine-10-yl)phenyl]-4,5- Diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: PPZ-3TPT), 3-(9,9-di Methyl-9H-acridin-10-yl)-9H-xanthene-9-one (abbreviation: ACR) XTN), bis[4-(9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine)phenyl] Sulfone (abbreviation: DMAC-DPS), 10-phenyl-10H,10'H-spiro[a Cliidine-9,9'-anthracene]-10'-one (abbreviation: ACRSA), 4-(9' -phenyl-3,3'-bi-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzofl[3,2-d] Pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4PCCzBfpm), 4-[4-(9'-phenyl-3,3'-pyrimidine) -9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]benzofl[3,2-d]pyrimidine (abbreviated) Name: 4PCCzPBfpm), 9-[3-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazi [Phenyl-2-yl)phenyl]-9'-phenyl-2,3'-bi-9H-carbazole (abbreviation) π-electron-rich and π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic rings such as :mPCCzPTzn-02) A heterocyclic compound having the following properties may also be used.

[0210] Furthermore, in substances in which a π-electron-rich heteroaromatic ring and a π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring are directly bonded, Both the donor properties of the electron-excess type heteroaromatic ring and the acceptor properties of the π-electron-deficient type heteroaromatic ring are strong. This is particularly preferable because it reduces the energy difference between the singlet excited state and the triplet excited state.

[0211] [ka]

[0212] In addition to the above, materials that have the function of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission include: Examples include nanostructures of transition metal compounds having a perovskite structure. In particular, metal halogens Nanostructures of perovskites are preferred. The nanostructures include nanoparticles and nanoro A pedicure is preferable.

[0213] In the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b, 113c), the above-mentioned light-emitting material (guest Organic compounds used in combination with the material (host material, etc.) include luminescent substances (guest material). A substance having an energy gap larger than the energy gap of the material, one or You can select and use multiple types.

[0214] ≪Host materials for fluorescence emission≫ The light-emitting material used in the light-emitting layer (113, 113a, 113b, 113c) is a fluorescent light-emitting material. In this case, the organic compound to be combined (host material) is the singlet excited state energy level Organic compounds with a large position and a small energy level in the triplet excited state, or fluorescence quantum yield It is preferable to use organic compounds with high . Therefore, organic compounds that satisfy these conditions If it is a material, then, as shown in this embodiment, a hole transport material (described above) and an electron transport material (described below) ) etc. can be used.

[0215] Although some of these overlap with the specific examples mentioned above, preferred combinations with light-emitting materials (fluorescent materials) From this perspective, as organic compounds (host materials), anthracene derivatives and tetracene derivatives are suitable. Conductors, phenanthrene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, chrysene derivatives, dibenzo[g,p]crisene Examples include condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds such as sen derivatives.

[0216] Furthermore, the organic compound (host material) that is preferably used in combination with the fluorescent material is An example is 9-phenyl-3-[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl ]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCzPA), 3,6-diphenyl-9-[4-(10 -phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: DPCzPA) , 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation) :PCPN), 9,10-diphenylanthracene (abbreviation: DPAnth), N,N-di Phenyl-9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazo 4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl) Diphenylamine (abbreviation: DPhPA), YGAPA, PCAPA, N,9-diphenyl -N-{4-[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]phenyl}-9H- Carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: PCAPBA), N-(9,10-diphenyl-2- Anthryl)-N,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCA) PA), 6,12-dimethoxy-5,11-diphenylchrysene, N,N,N',N', N'',N'',N''',N'''-Octaphenyldibenzo[g,p]chrysene-2 ,7,10,15-tetraamine (abbreviation: DBC1), 9-[4-(10-phenyl-9 -Anthracenyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CzPA), 7-[4-( 10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (Abbreviation: cgDBCzPA), 6-[3-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl) [enyl]-benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan (abbreviation: 2mBnfPPA), 9- Phenyl-10-{4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)-biphenyl- 4'-Il-anthracene (abbreviation: FLPPA), 9,10-bis(3,5-diphenyl (Abbreviation: DPPA), 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene CE (abbreviation: DNA), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthra Sen (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 9,9'-biantril (abbreviation: BANT), 9,9' -(Stilben-3,3'-diyl)diphenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS), 9,9'- (Stilbene-4,4'-diyl)diphenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS2), 1,3,5 -Tri(1-pyrenyl)benzene (abbreviation: TPB3), 5,12-diphenyltetracene Examples include 5,12-bis(biphenyl-2-yl)tetracene.

[0217] ≪Host materials for phosphorescence≫ Furthermore, the light-emitting material used in the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b, 113c) is a phosphorescent material. If it is a quality, the organic compound to be combined (host material) is a triplet excited luminescent substance. The triplet excitation energy is greater than the energy (energy difference between the ground state and the triplet excited state). You should select a large organic compound. Furthermore, to form an excited complex, multiple organic compounds are needed. (For example, a first host material and a second host material (or assist material), etc.) When used in combination with photoluminescent materials, these multiple organic compounds are mixed with the phosphorescent material. It is preferable to use it in this way.

[0218] By using this configuration, the energy transfer from the excited complex to the luminescent material, called Ex, is achieved. Using TET (Exciplex-Triplet Energy Transfer) This allows for efficient emission. Furthermore, as a combination of multiple organic compounds, Compounds that readily form complexes are desirable, and compounds that readily accept holes (hole transport materials), It is particularly preferable to combine it with a compound that readily accepts electrons (electron transport material).

[0219] Although some of these overlap with the specific examples mentioned above, preferred combinations with luminescent materials (phosphorescent materials) From this perspective, as organic compounds (host material, assist material), aromatic amines, CAL Bazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, zinc and aluminum Nium-based metal complexes, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, benzimidazole Dibenzoquinol derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinol derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, triglycerides Examples include azine derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, and phenanthroline derivatives. It can be done.

[0220] Furthermore, among the above organic compounds, aromatic amines and others are organic compounds with high hole transport properties. Specific examples of bicarbazole derivatives are the same as the specific examples of hole transport materials mentioned above. These are listed below, and all of them are preferable as host materials.

[0221] Furthermore, among the above organic compounds, dibenzothiophene is an organic compound with high hole transport properties. Specific examples of dibenzofuran derivatives include 4-{3-[3-(9-Fe- Nyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]phenyl}dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mm DBFFLBi-II), 4,4',4''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)triyl (Dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DBF3P-II), DBT3P-II, 2,8-diphen Lu-4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]dibenzothio Fen (abbreviation: DBTFLP-III), 4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluorene) -9-yl)phenyl]-6-phenyldibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-IV) ), 4-[3-(triphenylene-2-yl)phenyl]dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: m Examples include DBTPTp-II, and all of these are preferred as host materials.

[0222] Furthermore, among the above, metal complexes are organic compounds (electron transport materials) that have high electron transport properties. A specific example is tris(8-quinolino), a zinc-based or aluminum-based metal complex. Aluminum(III) (abbreviation: Alq), Tris(4-methyl-8-quinolinola (t) Aluminum (III) (abbreviation: Almq3), bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h ]Quinolinato) Beryllium(II) (abbreviation: BeBq2), bis(2-methyl-8-quino (4-phenylphenolate)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: BAlq), In addition to 8-quinolinolatozinc(II) (abbreviated as Znq), it also contains a quinoline skeleton or benzo Examples include metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton, and all of these are preferred as host materials. It's nice.

[0223] Other ingredients include bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolate]zinc(II) (abbreviation: Zn) PBO), bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)phenolate]zinc(II) (abbreviation: Zn) Metal complexes having oxazole-based or thiazole-based ligands such as BTZ are also preferred. It can be cited as a material for stocking.

[0224] Furthermore, among the above organic compounds, there are organic compounds with high electron transport properties (electron transport materials). , oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, quinoxa Specific examples of phosphorus derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, etc. , 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-o Xadiazole (abbreviation: PBD), 1,3-bis[5-(p-tert-butylphenyl )-1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2-yl]benzene (abbreviation: OXD-7), 9-[ 4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)phenyl]-9H- Luvazole (abbreviation: CO11), 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4- tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: TAZ), 2,2', 2''-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzoimida) Zol) (abbreviation: TPBI), 2-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl] -1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole (abbreviation: mDBTBIm-II), 4,4' -Bis(5-methylbenzoxazole-2-yl)stilbene (abbreviation: BzOS), Sophenanthroline (abbreviation: BPhen), vasocuproin (abbreviation: BCP), 2,9 -Bis(naphthalene-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline( Abbreviation: NBPhen), 2-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]diben Zo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTPDBq-II), 2-[3'-(diben Zothiophene-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviated) Name: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), 2-[3'-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)bi Phenyl-3-yl dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mCzBPDBq), 2-[4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]dibenzo [f,h]Quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2CzPDBq-III), 7-[3-(dibenzothio Fen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 7mDBTPD) Bq-II), and 6-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[ Examples include f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 6mDBTPDBq-II), and these are all These are also preferable as host materials.

[0225] Furthermore, among the above, diazine bone is an organic compound (electron transport material) with high electron transport properties. Heterocyclic compounds having a rifle, heterocyclic compounds having a triazine skeleton, and compounds having a pyridine skeleton As a specific example of a heterocyclic compound, 4,6-bis[3-(phenanthren-9-yl)phen [Lu]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mPnP2Pm), 4,6-bis[3-(4-dibenzothin Enyl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mDBTP2Pm-II), 4,6-bis [3-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mCzP) 2Pm), 2-{4-[3-(N-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H- Carbazole-9-yl]phenyl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine ( Abbreviation: PCCzPTzn), 9-[3-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine] -2-yl)phenyl]-9'-phenyl-2,3'-bi-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: mPCCzPTzn-02), 3,5-bis[3-(9H-carbazole-9-yl) [Phenyl]pyridine (abbreviation: 35DCzPPy), 1,3,5-tri[3-(3-pyridyl] Examples include phenylbenzene (abbreviation: TmPyPB), and all of these are host benzenes. It is a desirable material.

[0226] Other examples include poly(2,5-pyridinediyl) (abbreviation: PPy), poly[(9,9-dihexyl) (Abbreviation: PF) -Py), poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(2,2 High molecular weight compounds such as '-bipyridine-6,6'-diyl' (abbreviation: PF-BPy) It is a suitable host material.

[0227] Furthermore, it is an organic compound that has high hole transport properties and also high electron transport properties. Bipolar 9-phenyl-9'-(4-phenyl-2-quinazolinyl)-3,3'- B-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCCzQz), etc., can also be used as a host material. ru.

[0228] <Electron transport layer> The electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) are further divided into electron injection layers (115, 115a) described later. The second electrode 102 and the charge generation layer (106, 106a, 106b) are connected by 115b) This layer transports electrons injected from the ) to the light-emitting layer (113, 113a, 113b). Oh, the electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) are layers containing electron transport material. The electron transport material used in the electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) has an electric field strength [V / c The electron mobility at which the square root of m is 600 is 1 × 10 -6 cm 2 Electron movement of / Vs or greater A substance having a degree is preferred. Furthermore, any substance with higher electron transport capabilities than holes is also preferable. Other materials can be used. One embodiment of the present invention is an organic compound, which is used in the electron transport layer (1 It is preferable to use it in the electron transport layer (14, 114a, 114b). Also, it is preferable to use it in the electron transport layer (114, 11 4a, 114b) can function as a single layer, but a laminated structure of two or more layers may be used as needed. This can also improve device characteristics.

[0229] ≪Electron transport material≫ As an electron transport material that can be used in electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) Quinoline is an organic compound having a structure in which an aromatic ring is condensed onto a furan ring of a phlodiazine skeleton. Metal complexes having a skeleton, metal complexes having a benzoquinoline skeleton, metal complexes having an oxazole skeleton In addition to metal complexes, metal complexes having a thiazole skeleton, etc., oxadiazole derivatives, triadiazole Zole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, phenan Trolin derivatives, quinoline derivatives having quinoline ligands, benzoquinoline derivatives, quino Xaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pi Limidine derivatives, and other π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic compounds including nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds, etc. Materials with high electron transport properties (electron transport materials) can be used.

[0230] A specific example of an electron-transporting material is 2-[3'-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl )Biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDB) q-II), 5-[3-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl) [enyl]-7,7-dimethyl-5H,7H-indeno[2,1-b]carbazole (abbreviation) :mINc(II)PTzn), 2-{3-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl) [phenyl]phenyl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: mDBtB) PTzn), 4-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-8-(naphthalene) (n-2-yl)-[1]benzofloflo[3,2-d]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 8βN-4mDB) tPBfpm), 3,8-bis[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]ben Zoflo[2,3-b]pyrazine (abbreviation: 3,8mDBtP2Bfpr), 4,8-bis[ 3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-[1]benzofl[3,2-d]p Limidine (abbreviation: 4,8mDBtP2Bfpm), 9-[(3'-dibenzothiophene- 4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]naphtho[1',2':4,5]fl[2,3-b]p Radin (abbreviation: 9mDBtBPNfpr), 8-[3'-(dibenzothiophene-4-I (1,1'-biphenyl-3-yl)]naphtho[1',2':4,5]fl[3,2 -d]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 8mDBtBPNfpm), 8-[(2,2'-binaphthalene) )-6-yl]-4-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-[1]ben Zoflo[3,2-d]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 8(βN2)-4mDBtPBfpm), 8- (1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl) [enyl]-[1]benzofloflo[3,2-d]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 8BP-4mDBtPB) fpm), tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: Alq3), A lmq3, BeBq2, bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolate)(4-phenylphenolate) (T) Aluminum(III) (abbreviation: BAlq), Bis(8-quinolinolato) Zinc(II) Metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton or benzoquinoline skeleton, such as ) (abbreviation: Znq), bis [2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolate]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnPBO), Su[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)phenolate]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnBTZ), etc. Examples include metal complexes having an oxazole skeleton or a thiazole skeleton.

[0231] In addition to metal complexes, oxadiazole derivatives such as PBD, OXD-7, and CO11, and T Triazole derivatives such as AZ, p-EtTAZ, TPBI, mDBTBIm-II, etc. Midazole derivatives (including benzimidazole derivatives), oxazole derivatives such as BzOS Conductors, phenanthroline derivatives such as BPhen, BCP, NBPhen, 2mDBTP DBq-II, 2mDBTBPDBq-II, 2mCzBPDBq, 2CzPDBq-I Quinoxaline induction such as II, 7mDBTPDBq-II, and 6mDBTPDBq-II Pyridines such as dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, 35DCzPPy, TmPyPB, etc. Derivatives: 4,6mPnP2Pm, 4,6mDBTP2Pm-II, 4,6mCzP2Pm Pyrimidine derivatives such as PCCzPTzn, mPCCzPTzn-02, etc. Zin derivatives can be used as electron transport materials.

[0232] Also, poly(2,5-pyridinediyl) (abbreviation: PPy), poly[(9,9-dihexyl Fluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)(abbreviation: PF- Py), poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(2,2' A polymer compound such as (-bipyridine-6,6'-diyl) (abbreviation: PF-BPy) is electrolyzed It can also be used as a material for transporting particles.

[0233] Furthermore, the electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) are not only single-layered but also made of the above material. The structure may consist of two or more layers stacked together.

[0234] <Electron injection layer> The electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b) are layers containing materials with high electron injection potential. Furthermore, the electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b) receive electrons from the second electrode 102. This layer is designed to increase input efficiency, and the work function of the material used for the second electrode 102 and the electrons When comparing the LUMO level values ​​of the materials used in the injection beds (115, 115a, 115b), Therefore, it is preferable to use a material with a small difference (0.5 eV or less). (115, 115a, 115b) contain lithium, cesium, and lithium fluoride (LiF). cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF2), 8-quinolinolatrix Um (abbreviation: Liq), 2-(2-pyridyl)phenolatritium (abbreviation: LiPP), 2-(2-pyridyl)-3-pyridinolatritium (abbreviation: LiPPy), 4-phenyl -2-(2-pyridyl)phenolatritium (abbreviation: LiPPP), lithium oxide (L iO x ), alkali metals such as cesium carbonate, alkaline earth metals, or chemical compounds thereof Compounds can be used. Also, erbium fluoride (ErF3), ytterbium (Y b) Rare earth metals or compounds thereof can be used. Also, electron injection layer (1 Electride may be used in 15, 115a, and 115b). Examples include substances obtained by adding a high concentration of electrons to a mixed oxide of calcium and aluminum. The materials that make up the electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) described above are used. It is possible to stay there.

[0235] Furthermore, the electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b) contain organic compounds and electron donors. A composite material made by mixing ) and may be used. Such a composite material is made by an electron donor Because electrons are generated in the organic compound, it exhibits excellent electron injection and electron transport properties. Preferably, the organic compound is a material that is excellent at transporting the generated electrons, and specifically Specifically, for example, the electron transport properties used in the electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) described above. Materials (metal complexes and heteroaromatic compounds, etc.) can be used. Any substance that exhibits electron-donating properties to organic compounds is acceptable. Specifically, alkali metals, etc. Lucalic earth metals and rare earth metals are preferred, as are lithium, cesium, magnesium, and ka. Examples include calcium, erbium, and ytterbium. Also, alkali metal oxides and Alkaline earth metal oxides are preferred, as are lithium oxides, calcium oxides, and barium acid Examples include monoxides, etc. Lewis bases such as magnesium oxide can also be used. Additionally, organic compounds such as tetrathiafulvalene (abbreviated as TTF) can also be used. Furthermore, multiple layers of these materials may be used.

[0236] In addition, an organic compound and a metal are mixed in the electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b). A composite material consisting of the above may also be used. The organic compound used here is the LUMO standard. Preferably, the position is between -3.6 eV and -2.3 eV. Also, it has a lone pair of electrons. The material is preferable.

[0237] Therefore, the above organic compounds include pyridine skeletons and diazine skeletons (pyrimidine, pyrimidine). Materials having lone pairs of electrons, such as radins or heterocyclic compounds with a triazine skeleton. The material is preferable.

[0238] Furthermore, examples of heterocyclic compounds having a pyridine skeleton include 3,5-bis[3-(9H-carba Zole-9-yl)phenyl]pyridine (abbreviation: 35DCzPPy), 1,3,5-tri [3-(3-pyridyl)phenyl]benzene (abbreviation: TmPyPB), vasocuproin (Abbreviation: BCP), 2,9-bis(naphthalene-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-Phenanthroline (abbreviation: NBPhen), Basophenanthroline (abbreviation: BPh) Examples include (en).

[0239] Furthermore, as heterocyclic compounds having a diazine skeleton, there are 2-[3-(dibenzothiophen- 4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTPDBq-I I) 2-[3'-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo [f,h]Quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), 2-[3'-(9H- Carbazole-9-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviated) Name: 2mCzBPDBq), 2-[4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-9 -yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2CzPDBq-III) , 7-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxa Phosphorus (abbreviation: 7mDBTPDBq-II), 6-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl) )phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 6mDBTPDBq-II), 4 ,6-Bis[3-(phenanthrene-9-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6m PnP2Pm), 4,6-bis[3-(4-dibenzothienyl)phenyl]pyrimidine ( Abbreviation: 4,6mDBTP2Pm-II), 4,6-bis[3-(9H-carbazole-9 -yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mCzP2Pm), 4-{3-[3'-( 9H-carbazole-9-yl)biphenyl-3-yl}benzofloxacin[3,2-d]pi Examples include limidine (abbreviated as 4mCzBPBfpm).

[0240] Furthermore, examples of heterocyclic compounds having a triazine skeleton include 2-{4-[3-(N-phenyl -9H-carbazole-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl]phenyl}-4, 6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PCCzPTzn), 2,4,6- Ris[3'-(pyridine-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]-1,3,5-triazine (Abbreviation: TmPPPyTz), 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-tris Examples include the ajin (abbreviated as 2Py3Tz).

[0241] Furthermore, as metals, they belong to groups 5, 7, 9, or 11 of the periodic table. It is preferable to use metals and materials belonging to Group 13, such as Ag, Cu, and Al. Examples include , or In. Also, in this case, the organic compound forms a semi-occupied orbital with the transition metal. orbital (SOMO: Singly Occupied Molecular Orbital ) is formed.

[0242] Note that, for example, when amplifying light obtained from the light-emitting layer 113b, the second electrode 102 and the optical distance between the light-emitting layer 113b is set to be less than 1 / 4 of the wavelength λ of the light emitted by the light-emitting layer 113b It is preferable to form the device as described above. In this case, the thickness of the electron transport layer 114b or the electron injection layer 11 5b can be adjusted by changing the film thickness thereof.

[0243] In addition, as in the light-emitting device shown in FIG. 1(D), between the two EL layers (103a, 103b) by providing the charge generation layer 106, a structure in which a plurality of EL layers are stacked between a pair of electrodes can also be adopted (also referred to as a tandem structure).

[0244] <Charge Generation Layer> The charge generation layer 106 is disposed between the first electrode (anode) 101 and the second electrode (cathode) 102 when a voltage is applied, injects electrons into the EL layer 103a and injects holes into the EL layer 103b has the above function. The charge generation layer 106 is formed of a hole-transporting material added with an electron acceptor it may be a configuration added with (also referred to as a P-type layer), or an electron-transporting material added with an electron donor it may also be a configuration added with (also referred to as an electron injection buffer layer). Furthermore, these both configurations may be stacked. Furthermore, an electron layer is disposed between the P-type layer and the electron injection buffer layer a relay layer may be provided. The charge generation layer 106 is formed using the materials described above by this means, an increase in driving voltage when EL layers are stacked can be suppressed .

[0245] In the charge generation layer 106, an electron acceptor is added to the hole transport material, which is an organic compound. When a configuration (P-type layer) is used, the material shown in this embodiment is used as the hole transport material. It can be present. Also, as an electron acceptor, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3 Examples include ,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviation: F4-TCNQ), chloranil, etc. It is possible to list oxides of metals belonging to groups 4 through 8 of the periodic table. Specifically, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, and chromium oxide can be used. Examples include molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide. Furthermore, the acceptor material described above may also be used. Also, the P-type layer is a hole transport material, Even when used as a mixed film formed by mixing an electron acceptor and a hole transport material, a single film and Alternatively, single films containing electron acceptors may be stacked and used.

[0246] Furthermore, in the charge generation layer 106, an electron donor is added to the electron transport material (electron When used as an injection buffer layer, the electron transport material is the material shown in this embodiment. It can be present. Also, alkali metals or alkaline earth metals can be used as electron donors. or rare earth metals or metals belonging to groups 2 and 13 of the periodic table and their oxides Substances and carbonates can be used. Specifically, lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), Magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), ytterbium (Yb), indium (I n) It is preferable to use lithium oxide (Li2O), cesium carbonate, etc. Organic compounds such as tratianaphthacene may be used as electron donors.

[0247] In the charge generation layer 106, an electron relay layer is provided between the P-type layer and the electron injection buffer layer. In this case, the electron relay layer includes at least an electron-transporting material, and the electron injection buffer layer It has the function of preventing interaction with the P-type layer and smoothly transferring electrons. The LUMO level of electron-transporting material is the acceptor level of the P-type layer. LUMO level and electron-transporting material contained in the electron transport layer in contact with charge generation layer 106 It is preferable that the electron transport properties used in the electron relay layer are between the LUMO levels of the quality. The specific value of the LUMO level in the substance is -5.0 eV or higher, preferably -5.0 It is preferable to set the voltage between eV and -3.0eV. Furthermore, the electron transport properties used in the electron relay layer should be considered. The substances possessing these include phthalocyanine-based materials or materials having a metal-oxygen bond and an aromatic ligand. It is preferable to use a metal complex.

[0248] Note that Figure 1(D) shows a configuration in which two EL layers 103 are stacked, but different EL layers A stacked structure of three or more EL layers may be formed by providing a charge generation layer in between. (Figure 1(E)) In this case, the three EL layers (EL layer 103a, EL layer 103b, and EL layer 103c) Laminated via two charge generation layers (charge generation layer 106a and charge generation layer 106b) The structure is shown.

[0249] <Circuit board> The light-emitting device shown in this embodiment can be formed on various substrates. The type of board is not limited to a specific one. An example of a substrate is a semiconductor substrate (example). Examples include single crystal substrates or silicon substrates, SOI substrates, glass substrates, quartz substrates, and plastics. Substrates, metal substrates, stainless steel substrates, substrates having stainless steel foil, Tungsten substrate, substrate with tungsten foil, flexible substrate, bonded fill Examples include paper containing fibrous materials, or a base film.

[0250] Examples of glass substrates include barium borosilicate glass and aluminoborosilicate glass. Examples include soda-lime glass or other materials. Also, flexible substrates and laminated films. Examples of base films include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene Plasti Synthetic resins such as acrylic, polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl fluoride, or Polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyimide, aramid, epoxy, inorganic vapor-deposited film, or Examples include paper products.

[0251] The light-emitting device shown in this embodiment requires a vacuum process such as vapor deposition, and spin Solution processes such as coating and inkjet methods can be used. When used, sputtering, ion plating, ion beam evaporation, and molecular beam evaporation are used. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods such as deposition and vacuum deposition, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods are used. It is possible to do so. In particular, various functional layers included in the EL layer of light-emitting devices (holes) Ingress layer (111, 111a, 111b), hole transport layer (112, 112a, 112b), Optical layer (113, 113a, 113b, 113c), electron transport layer (114, 114a, 11 4b), electron injection layer (115, 115a, 115b), and charge generation layer (106, 1 For 06a and 106b), the methods include vapor deposition (vacuum deposition, etc.) and coating (dip coating, Die coating method, bar coating method, spin coating method, spray coating method, etc.), printing method (ink Jet printing, screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing. It can be formed by methods such as printing, gravure printing, and microcontact printing. .

[0252] Furthermore, when applying the above coating method, printing method, or other film formation method, polymer compounds (origin) (Sesame, dendrimer, polymer, etc.), medium-molecular-weight compounds (compounds in the intermediate region between low and high molecular weight) Materials: those with a molecular weight of 400 to 4000, inorganic compounds (quantum dot materials, etc.) are used. This is possible. Furthermore, quantum dot materials include colloidal quantum dot materials and alloy-type quantum dot materials. Materials such as core-shell quantum dot materials and core-type quantum dot materials can be used. ru.

[0253] Each of the EL layers (103, 103a, 103b) of the light-emitting device shown in this embodiment Layers (hole injection layer (111, 111a, 111b), hole transport layer (112, 112a, 11 2b), light-emitting layer (113, 113a, 113b, 113c), electron transport layer (114, 11 4a, 114b), electron injection layer (115, 115a, 115b)) and charge generation layer (1 06, 106a, 106b) are not limited to the materials shown in this embodiment. Other materials can be used in combination as long as they can fulfill the function of each layer. It is possible.

[0254] The configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the configurations shown in other embodiments. It is assumed that this is possible.

[0255] (Embodiment 3) In this embodiment, the specific structure of a light-emitting device (also called a display panel) which is one aspect of the present invention is described. Examples and manufacturing methods will be described.

[0256] <Example of configuration of light-emitting device 700 1> The light-emitting device 700 shown in Figure 2(A) includes light-emitting device 550B, light-emitting device 550G, and It has an optical device 550R and a partition wall 528. It also has a light-emitting device 550B and a light-emitting device The vice 550G, the light-emitting device 550R, and the partition wall 528 are installed on the first substrate 510. It is formed on the functional layer 520. The functional layer 520 is composed of multiple transistors. This includes the drive circuit GD, drive circuit SD, pixel circuit, and other components, as well as the wiring that electrically connects them. These are included. Note that these drive circuits include, as an example, the light-emitting device 550B, and the light-emitting device The chair 550G and the light-emitting device 550R are electrically connected to each other, and they drive each other It can be moved. In addition, the light-emitting device 700 is located on the functional layer 520 and each light-emitting device. An insulating layer 705 is provided, and the insulating layer 705 bonds the second substrate 770 and the functional layer 520. It has the function of [doing something]. Furthermore, the drive circuit GD and drive circuit SD will be described later in Embodiment 4. ru.

[0257] Furthermore, the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R are, It has the device structure shown in Embodiment 2. In particular, the EL in the structure shown in Figure 1(A) This shows the case where layer 103 differs for each light-emitting device.

[0258] In this specification, etc., each color light-emitting device (for example, blue (B), green (G), and red ( In R), the structure for creating or coating different light-emitting layers is called SBS (Side B It is sometimes called a (y-side) structure.

[0259] The light-emitting device 550B consists of electrode 551B, electrode 552, EL layer 103B, and insulating layer 1 It has 07B. The specific configuration of each layer is as shown in Embodiment 2. Also, E The L layer 103B has a laminated structure consisting of multiple layers with different functions, including an emissive layer. (Figure 2) In A), among the layers included in the EL layer 103B, which contains the light-emitting layer, the hole injection / transport layer 104 Only B, electron transport layer 108B, and electron injection layer 109 are shown in the illustration, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the hole injection / transport layer 104B is the hole injection layer and hole transport layer shown in Embodiment 2. This indicates a layer having the function of a transport layer, and may have a laminated structure. In this specification, Even in offset light-emitting devices, the hole injection / transport layer can be reinterpreted in this way. Furthermore, the electron transport layer 108B may have a stacked structure, and from the anode side A hole-blocking layer is used to block holes that pass through the light-emitting layer and move towards the cathode. It may also be in contact with the electron injection layer 109. It is acceptable for the material to have a layered structure formed using the material.

[0260] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2(A), the insulating layer 107B is on one side of the EL layer 103B on the electrode 551B. Formed on the layer of the part (in this embodiment, up to the electron transport layer 108B on the light-emitting layer) It is formed while leaving the resist intact. Therefore, the insulating layer 107B is part of the EL layer 103B. It is formed in contact with the side (or end) of the layer (above) of the part. This results in EL layer 103B This prevents oxygen or moisture, or their constituent elements, from entering the interior from the sides. Yes, it is possible. Furthermore, the insulating layer 107B may contain, for example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, or acid Hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or nitrogen Silicon oxide and the like can be used. Sputtering is used to form the insulating layer 107B. Methods such as CVD, MBE, PLD, and ALD can be used, but the coverage is good. A preferred ALD method is more desirable.

[0261] Also, a portion of the EL layer 103B (formed up to the electron transport layer 108B) and the insulating layer 107B The electron injection layer 109 is formed covering the layer. The electron injection layer 109 has electrical resistance within the layer It is preferable to have a laminated structure of two or more layers with different properties. For example, the electron transport layer 108B and the layer in contact with The first layer is formed using only an electron-transporting material, and an electron-transporting material containing a metal material is placed on top of it. A second layer formed by the same material may be stacked, and further, gold may be placed between the first layer and the electron transport layer 108B. It may also have a third layer formed of an electron-transporting material containing the genus material.

[0262] Electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Note that electrode 551B and electrode 552 are , and have overlapping regions. Also, an EL layer 103B is placed between electrode 551B and electrode 552. Therefore, the electron injection layer 109 has an insulating layer 107B through the EL layer 103B. A structure located on the side (or edge) of some of the layers, or an electrode 552, in the electron injection layer 109 and located on the side (or edge) of a portion of the EL layer 103B via the insulating layer 107B. It has a structure that allows the EL layer 103B and the electrode 552, more specifically the EL layer 1 The hole injection / transport layer 104B and electrode 552 in 03B are electrically short-circuited. This can prevent it.

[0263] The EL layer 103B shown in Figure 2(A) is the same as the EL layers 103 and 103a described in Embodiment 2. It has the same configuration as 103b and 103c. In addition, the EL layer 103B is, for example, blue light It can fire projectiles.

[0264] The light-emitting device 550G consists of electrode 551G, electrode 552, EL layer 103G, and insulating layer 1 It has 07G. The specific configuration of each layer is as shown in Embodiment 2. Also, E The L layer 103G has a laminated structure consisting of multiple layers with different functions, including an emissive layer. (Figure 2) In A), among the layers included in the EL layer 103G, which contains the light-emitting layer, the hole injection / transport layer 104 Only G, electron transport layer 108G, and electron injection layer 109 are shown in the illustration, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the hole injection / transport layer 104G is the same as the hole injection layer and hole transport layer shown in Embodiment 2. This indicates a layer that has the function of a transport layer, and may have a laminated structure.

[0265] Furthermore, the electron transport layer 108G may have a stacked structure, and the light-emitting layer may be accessed from the anode side. A hole-blocking layer is placed in contact with the light-emitting layer to block holes that pass through and move towards the cathode. It is acceptable to have it. Also, the electron injection layer 109 may use some or all different materials. It is acceptable for the structure to have a layered structure formed by the process.

[0266] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2(A), the insulating layer 107G is on the electrode 551G, and the EL layer 103G is on top of it. Formed on top of the layer (in this embodiment, up to the electron transport layer 108G on the light-emitting layer) It is formed while leaving the resist intact. Therefore, the insulating layer 107G is part of the EL layer 103G. It is formed in contact with the side (or end) of the layer (above). This results in the EL layer 103G This prevents oxygen or moisture, or their constituent elements, from entering the interior from the sides. Yes, it is possible. Furthermore, the insulating layer 107G may contain, for example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, or acid Hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or nitrogen Silicon oxide and the like can be used. Sputtering is used to form the insulating layer 107G. Methods such as CVD, MBE, PLD, and ALD can be used, but the coverage is good. A preferred ALD method is more desirable.

[0267] Also, some layers of the EL layer 103G (formed up to the electron transport layer 108G) and the insulating layer 107G The electron injection layer 109 is formed covering the layer. The electron injection layer 109 has electrical resistance within the layer It is preferable to have a laminated structure of two or more layers with different properties. For example, the electron transport layer 108G and the contact The first layer is formed using only an electron-transporting material, and an electron-transporting material containing a metal material is placed on top of it. A second layer formed by the same material may be stacked, and further, gold may be placed between the first layer and the electron transport layer 108G. It may also have a third layer formed of an electron-transporting material containing the genus material.

[0268] Furthermore, electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Note that electrode 551G and electrode 55 2 has overlapping regions. Also, EL layer 1 is between electrode 551G and electrode 552. It has 03G. Therefore, the electron injection layer 109 penetrates the EL layer 10 through the insulating layer 107G. A structure located on the side (or edge) of a part of the 3G layer, or electrode 552, is an electron injection layer. 109 and the insulating layer 107G on the sides (or edges) of some layers of the EL layer 103G It has a structure in which the EL layer 103G and electrode 552 are located. The hole injection / transport layer 104G and electrode 552 in the L layer 103G are electrically short-circuited. This can prevent that from happening.

[0269] The EL layer 103G shown in Figure 2(A) is the same as the EL layers 103 and 103a described in Embodiment 2. It has the same configuration as 103b and 103c. In addition, the EL layer 103G is, for example, green light It can fire projectiles.

[0270] The light-emitting device 550R consists of electrode 551R, electrode 552, EL layer 103R, and insulating layer 1 It has 07R. The specific configuration of each layer is as shown in Embodiment 2. Also, E The L layer 103R has a laminated structure consisting of multiple layers with different functions, including an emissive layer. (Figure 2) In A), among the layers included in the EL layer 103R, which contains the light-emitting layer, the hole injection / transport layer 104 Only R, electron transport layer 108R, and electron injection layer 109 are shown in the illustration, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the hole injection / transport layer 104R is the hole injection layer and hole transport layer shown in Embodiment 2. This indicates a layer having the function of a transport layer, and may have a laminated structure. In this specification, Even in offset light-emitting devices, the hole injection / transport layer can be reinterpreted in this way. Furthermore, the electron transport layer 108R may have a stacked structure, and from the anode side A hole-blocking layer is used to block holes that pass through the light-emitting layer and move towards the cathode. It may also be in contact with the electron injection layer 109. It is acceptable for the material to have a layered structure formed using the material.

[0271] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2(A), the insulating layer 107R is on one side of the EL layer 103R on the electrode 551R. Formed on the layer of the part (in this embodiment, formed up to the electron transport layer 108R on the light-emitting layer) It is formed while leaving the resist intact. Therefore, the insulating layer 107R is part of the EL layer 103R. It is formed in contact with the side (or end) of the layer (above). This results in the EL layer 103R This prevents oxygen or moisture, or their constituent elements, from entering the interior from the sides. Yes, it is possible. Furthermore, the insulating layer 107R may contain, for example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, or acid Hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or nitrogen Silicon oxide and the like can be used. Sputtering is used to form the insulating layer 107R. Methods such as CVD, MBE, PLD, and ALD can be used, but the coverage is good. A preferred ALD method is more desirable.

[0272] Furthermore, some layers of the EL layer 103R (up to the electron transport layer 108R) and the insulating layer 107R The electron injection layer 109 is formed covering the layer. The electron injection layer 109 has electrical resistance within the layer It is preferable to have a laminated structure of two or more layers with different properties. For example, the electron transport layer 108R and the layer in contact The first layer is formed using only an electron-transporting material, and an electron-transporting material containing a metal material is placed on top of it. A second layer formed by the same material may be stacked, and further, gold may be placed between the first layer and the electron transport layer 108R. It may also have a third layer formed of an electron-transporting material containing the genus material.

[0273] Electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Note that electrode 551R and electrode 552 are , and have overlapping regions. Also, between electrode 551R and electrode 552, there is an EL layer 103R Therefore, the electron injection layer 109 has an insulating layer 107R through the EL layer 103R. A structure located on the side (or edge) of some of the layers, or an electrode 552, in the electron injection layer 109 and located on the side (or edge) of a portion of the EL layer 103R via the insulating layer 107R. It has a structure that allows the EL layer 103R and the electrode 552, more specifically the EL layer 1 The hole injection / transport layer 104R and electrode 552 in 03R are electrically short-circuited. This can prevent it.

[0274] The EL layer 103R shown in Figure 2(A) is the EL layer 103, 103a, described in Embodiment 2. It has the same configuration as 103b and 103c. In addition, the EL layer 103R is, for example, red light It can fire projectiles.

[0275] There is a gap of 580 between EL layer 103B, EL layer 103G, and EL layer 103R. It has, in each EL layer, particularly in the hole transport region located between the anode and the light-emitting layer. Because the hole injection layer often has high conductivity, it is used as a common layer for adjacent light-emitting devices. When formed in this way, it can cause crosstalk. Therefore, as shown in this example configuration... By providing a gap 580 between each EL layer, the generation between adjacent light-emitting devices This makes it possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk.

[0276] In a high-resolution light-emitting device (display panel) with a resolution exceeding 1000 ppi, the EL layer 103B, E If electrical conductivity is detected between the L layer 103G and the EL layer 103R, cross-conduction occurs. This phenomenon occurs, narrowing the color gamut that the light-emitting device can display. A high-resolution display panel, preferably a high-resolution display panel with a resolution exceeding 2000 ppi, more preferably Mashiku achieves a vivid display by incorporating a 580-degree gap into an ultra-high-definition display panel with over 5000 ppi. It can provide a display panel capable of displaying vibrant colors.

[0277] As shown in Figure 2(B), the partition wall 528 has openings 528B, 528G, and 52 It is equipped with 8R. Note that, as shown in Figure 2(A), the opening 528B overlaps with the electrode 551B. Furthermore, opening 528G overlaps with electrode 551G, and opening 528R overlaps with electrode 551R. Furthermore, the cross-sectional view along the dashed line Y1-Y2 shown in Figure 2(B) is the same as the light emission shown in Figure 2(A). This corresponds to a schematic cross-sectional view of the device.

[0278] Furthermore, the division of these EL layers (EL layer 103B, EL layer 103G, and EL layer 103R) In the release process, we use photolithography to form patterns, resulting in high resolution. It is possible to fabricate a light-emitting device (display panel). Furthermore, using the photolithography method... EL layer processed by pattern formation (hole injection / transport layer, light-emitting layer, and electron transport layer) The edges (sides) of the layers have a shape that is roughly the same surface (or is located on roughly the same plane). This results in the following shape. Furthermore, the gap 580 provided between each EL layer is preferably 5 μm or less. Furthermore, a particle size of 1 μm or less is more preferable.

[0279] In the EL layer, the hole injection layer is particularly included in the hole transport region located between the anode and the light-emitting layer. Because it often has high conductivity, it is formed as a common layer for adjacent light-emitting devices. This can sometimes cause crosstalk. Therefore, as shown in this example configuration, phototri By separating the EL layer using pattern formation with the sography method, adjacent emission This makes it possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between optical devices.

[0280] In this specification, etc., metal mask, or FMM (Fine Metal Mask, High-Definition Metal Mask) Devices fabricated using a metal mask are called MM (metal mask) structured devices. In some cases, this may occur. Also, in this specification, etc., if a metal mask or FMM is used Devices manufactured without a metal mask are sometimes referred to as MML (Metal Maskless) devices. be.

[0281] <Example 1 of a manufacturing method for a light-emitting device> As shown in Figure 3(A), electrodes 551B, 551G, and 551R are formed. For example, a conductive film is formed on a functional layer 520 formed on a first substrate 510, and photolithography is performed. The material is processed into a predetermined shape using the sography method.

[0282] Furthermore, conductive films can be formed using methods such as sputtering and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Vapor Deposition (PLD) method, vacuum deposition method, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) Pulsed Laser Deposition) method, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD: Atom It can be formed using methods such as CVD (Chemical Layer Deposition). The method is called Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). Examples include the VD (Volatile Discharge) method or the thermal CVD method. Furthermore, one type of thermal CVD method is organometallic chemical vapor deposition (CVD). One method is phase deposition (MOCVD: Metal Organic CVD).

[0283] In addition to the photolithography method mentioned above, nanoimprint lithography is also used for processing conductive films. Thin films may be processed by methods such as sandblasting or lift-off. Also, metal masks can be used. Island-like thin films may be directly formed by a film deposition method using a shielding mask such as the one described above.

[0284] There are two main methods for processing using photolithography: One method involves forming a resist mask on the thin film to be processed, and then etching the thin film. This method involves processing and removing the resist mask. Another method involves forming a photosensitive thin film. This method involves exposing and developing the thin film to form the desired shape.

[0285] In photolithography, the light used for exposure is, for example, the i-line (wavelength 365 nm), g The light used is a linear light (wavelength 436 nm), an h-line (wavelength 405 nm), or a mixture of these. This can be done by using ultraviolet light, KrF laser light, or ArF laser light, etc. It is also possible to perform exposure using immersion lithography. Furthermore, the light used for exposure is Therefore, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light or X-rays are used. It is acceptable. Alternatively, an electron beam can be used instead of the light used for exposure. Extreme Violet Using ambient light, X-rays, or electron beams is preferable because it allows for extremely fine processing. Furthermore, when exposure is performed by scanning a beam such as an electron beam, a photomask is used. It is unnecessary.

[0286] Etching of thin films using resist masks can be done using dry etching or wet etching. Methods such as sculpting and sandblasting can be used.

[0287] Next, as shown in Figure 3(B), between electrode 551B, electrode 551G, and electrode 551R Partition walls 528 are formed in each of them. For example, electrode 551B, electrode 551G, and electrode 5 An insulating film is formed to cover 51R, and an opening is formed using photolithography, and electrode 55 This is formed by exposing parts of 1B, electrode 551G, and electrode 551R. Yes, it is possible. Furthermore, materials that can be used for the partition wall 528 include inorganic materials, organic materials, and Examples include composite materials of inorganic and organic materials. Specifically, inorganic oxide films and inorganic nitrides. A laminated material consisting of a physical film or an inorganic oxidized nitride film, or a plurality of these selected from a single film. Specifically, this includes silicon oxide films, films containing acrylic, films containing polyimide, etc. A laminated material can be used, which is made by stacking multiple materials selected from these.

[0288] Next, as shown in Figure 4(A), electrode 551B, electrode 551G, electrode 551R, and separator An EL layer 103B is formed on the wall 528. Note that in Figure 4(A), the EL layer 103B is up to the hole injection / transport layer 104B, the light-emitting layer, and the electron transport layer 108B are formed. For example, using a vacuum deposition method, electrode 551B, electrode 551G, electrode 551R, and separator On the wall 528, an EL layer 103B is formed to cover these. Furthermore, the EL layer 103B A sacrificial layer 110 is formed on top.

[0289] The sacrificial layer 110 is a film that is highly resistant to etching of the EL layer 103B, i.e., A film with a high selectivity ratio for chipping can be used. Also, the sacrificial layer 110 is each etched A laminated structure consisting of a first sacrificial layer and a second sacrificial layer with different selection ratios for the ching is preferred. Furthermore, the sacrificial layer 110 is etched using a wet etching method that causes less damage to the EL layer 103B. A film that can be removed by this method can be used. Etching material used for wet etching For example, oxalic acid can be used. In this specification, the sacrificial layer is made It can also be called the "sc layer".

[0290] Examples of sacrificial layers 110 include metal films, alloy films, metal oxide films, semiconductor films, and inorganic insulating films. Inorganic films such as those mentioned above can be used. In addition, the sacrificial layer 110 can be prepared by sputtering or vapor deposition. These can be formed by various film deposition methods such as CVD and ALD.

[0291] For example, the sacrificial layer 110 includes gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, Chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, titanium, aluminum, yttrium Metallic materials such as um, zirconium, and tantalum, or alloy materials containing such metallic materials It can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use low-melting-point materials such as aluminum or silver. It's nice.

[0292] Furthermore, the sacrificial layer 110 is made of indium gallium zinc oxide (In-Ga-Zn oxide). Metal oxides such as IGZO can be used. Indium, indium zinc oxide (In-Zn oxide), indium tin oxide (In-Sn Indium titanium oxide (In-Ti oxide), indium tin zinc oxide ( In-Sn-Zn oxide, indium titanium zinc oxide (In-Ti-Zn oxide), Use indium gallium tin zinc oxide (In-Ga-Sn-Zn oxide), etc. This can be done. Alternatively, indium tin oxide containing silicon can also be used.

[0293] Note that the above gallium can be replaced with element M (where M is aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium). Umium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium Molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten , or one or more types selected from magnesium can also be used. In particular, M This refers to one or more elements selected from gallium, aluminum, or yttrium. It is preferable.

[0294] Furthermore, the sacrificial layer 110 includes aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, silicon oxide, etc. Inorganic insulating materials can be used.

[0295] Furthermore, the sacrificial layer 110 is a film located at least at the top of the EL layer 103B (electron transport For the transport layer 108B), it is preferable to use a material that can be dissolved in a chemically stable solvent. In particular, materials that are soluble in water or alcohol can be suitably used in the sacrificial layer 110. When forming the sacrificial layer 110, the material is dissolved in a solvent such as water or alcohol. In this state, after coating using a wet film deposition method, a heat treatment is performed to evaporate the solvent. Preferably, the solvent can be removed at a low temperature and in a short time by performing a heat treatment under reduced pressure. Since it can be removed, thermal damage to the EL layer 103B can be reduced, which is preferable.

[0296] Furthermore, when the sacrificial layer 110 is made into a laminated structure, the layer formed of the above-mentioned material is the first sacrificial layer A sacrificial layer can be formed, and a second sacrificial layer can be formed on top of it to create a layered structure.

[0297] In this case, the second sacrificial layer is used as a hard mask when etching the first sacrificial layer. It is a film. Furthermore, when processing the second sacrificial layer, the first sacrificial layer is exposed. Therefore, The first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer are a combination of films that have a high etching selectivity ratio with respect to each other. Select. Therefore, the etching conditions for the first sacrificial layer and the etching strips for the second sacrificial layer. Depending on the circumstances, a membrane suitable for use as a second sacrificial layer can be selected.

[0298] For example, a fluorine-containing gas (also called a fluorine-based gas) is used to etch the second sacrificial layer. When using the dry etching method, silicon, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, Contains sten, titanium, molybdenum, tantalum, tantalum nitride, molybdenum and niobium. Using an alloy, or an alloy containing molybdenum and tungsten, as the second sacrificial layer Yes, it is possible. Here, for dry etching using the above fluorine-based gas, the etching selection As for films that allow for a high selectivity ratio (i.e., a slower etching rate), IGZO, Examples include metal oxide films such as ITO, which can be used as the first sacrificial layer.

[0299] Furthermore, this is not the only option; the second sacrificial layer is made from various materials, including the etched material from the first sacrificial layer. The etching conditions for the second sacrificial layer can be selected depending on the etching conditions. Alternatively, a membrane can be selected from among those that can be used for the first sacrificial layer described above.

[0300] Furthermore, a nitride film can be used as the second sacrificial layer, for example. Silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, hafnium nitride, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, tan nitride Nitrides such as gusten, gallium nitride, and germanium nitride can also be used.

[0301] Alternatively, an oxide film can be used as a second sacrificial layer. Typically, silica oxide is used. Cone, silicon oxide nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxide nitride, hafnium oxide, Oxide films such as hafnium oxynitride or oxynitride films can also be used.

[0302] Next, as shown in Figure 4(B), the EL layer 103B on the electrode 551B is processed into a predetermined shape. For example, a sacrificial layer 110B is formed on the EL layer 103B, and photolithography is applied on top of it. The resist is formed into the desired shape using the method (see Figure 4(A)), and the resulting resist mask A portion of the sacrificial layer 110B that is not covered by REG is removed by etching, and the resist mask R After removing EG, a portion of the EL layer 103B that is not covered by the sacrificial layer 110B is etched. Remove and erode the EL layer 103B on electrode 551G and the EL layer 103B on electrode 551R. Removed by cutting, resulting in a shape with sides (or exposed sides), or a paper surface. It is processed into a strip-like shape that extends in intersecting directions. Specifically, the EL that overlaps with electrode 551B. Dry etching is performed using the sacrificial layer 110B, which has a pattern formed on layer 103B. (Figure) See 4(B). Note that the sacrificial layer 110B is the product of the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer described above. If a layered structure is present, a portion of the second sacrificial layer is etched by the resist mask REG. After that, remove the resist mask REG, and use the second sacrificial layer as a mask for the first sacrificial layer. A portion may be etched and the EL layer 103B processed into a predetermined shape. Note that bulkhead 528 This can be used as an etching stopper.

[0303] Next, as shown in Figure 4(C), with the sacrificial layer 110B formed, the sacrificial layer 110B, electricity Electrode 551G, electrode 551R, and EL layer 103G (hole injection / transport layer) on partition wall 528 Forms a layer including 104G, an emissive layer, and an electron transport layer 108G. For example, vacuum deposition. Using the method, on electrode 551G, electrode 551R, and partition wall 528, so as to cover them Forms the EL layer 103G.

[0304] Next, as shown in Figure 5(A), the EL layer 103G on the electrode 551G is processed into a predetermined shape. For example, a sacrificial layer 110G is formed on the EL layer 103G, and photolithography is applied on top of it. A resist is formed into the desired shape using the method, and a sacrificial layer is formed that is not covered by the resulting resist mask. After removing a portion of 110G by etching and removing the resist mask, the sacrificial layer 110 A portion of the EL layer 103G that is not covered by G is removed by etching, and the EL on electrode 551B is removed. The EL layer 103G on layer 103G and electrode 551R is removed by etching, and the side A shape having (or with its sides exposed), or a strip-like shape extending in a direction intersecting the paper surface. , and process. Specifically, a pattern is formed on the EL layer 103G which overlaps with the electrode 551G. Dry etching is performed using sacrificial layer 110G. Note that sacrificial layer 110G is the first of the above In the case of a laminated structure with a sacrificial layer and a second sacrificial layer, the second is determined by a resist mask. After etching a portion of the sacrificial layer, the resist mask is removed, and the second sacrificial layer is used as the mask. Alternatively, a portion of the first sacrificial layer may be etched, and the EL layer 103G may be processed into a predetermined shape. Furthermore, bulkhead 528 can be used as an etching stopper.

[0305] Next, as shown in Figure 5(B), a sacrificial layer 110B is formed on the electron transport layer 108B, and With the sacrificial layer 110G formed on the electron transport layer 108G, sacrificial layer 110B, sacrificial layer 11 0G, electrode 551R, and EL layer 103R (hole injection / transport layer 104) on partition wall 528 A layer is formed which includes R, an emissive layer, and an electron transport layer 108R. For example, by using a vacuum deposition method. These are placed on the sacrificial layer 110B, sacrificial layer 110G, electrode 551R, and partition wall 528. An EL layer 103R is formed to cover it.

[0306] Next, as shown in Figure 5(C), the EL layer 103R on the electrode 551R is processed into a predetermined shape. For example, a sacrificial layer 110R is formed on the EL layer 103R, and photolithography is applied on top of it. A resist is formed into the desired shape using the method, and a sacrificial layer is formed that is not covered by the resulting resist mask. After removing a portion of 110R by etching and removing the resist mask, the sacrificial layer 110 A portion of the EL layer 103R that is not covered by R is removed by etching, and the EL on electrode 551B is removed. The EL layer 103R on layer 103R and electrode 551G is removed by etching, and the side A shape having (or with its sides exposed), or a strip-like shape extending in a direction intersecting the paper surface. , and is processed as follows. Specifically, a pattern is formed on the EL layer 103R that overlaps with the electrode 551R. Dry etching is performed using sacrificial layer 110R. Note that sacrificial layer 110R is the first of the above In the case of a laminated structure with a sacrificial layer and a second sacrificial layer, the second is determined by a resist mask. After etching a portion of the sacrificial layer, the resist mask is removed, and the second sacrificial layer is used as the mask. Alternatively, a portion of the first sacrificial layer may be etched, and the EL layer 103R may be processed into a predetermined shape. Furthermore, bulkhead 528 can be used as an etching stopper.

[0307] Next, the sacrificial layer (110B, 110G, 110R), EL layer (103B, 103G, 103 R), and an insulating layer 107 is formed on the partition wall 528. For example, using the ALD method, Layers (110B, 110G, 110R), EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R), and An insulating layer 107 is formed on the partition wall 528 to cover them. 7 is in contact with the side surface of each EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R) as shown in Figure 5(C). This is how it is formed. As a result, the inside of each EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R) is formed from the sides. This can suppress the intrusion of oxygen, moisture, or their constituent elements into the material. Examples of materials used for the insulating layer 107 include aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, and acid Hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or nitrogen Silicon oxide and the like can be used.

[0308] Next, as shown in Figure 6(A), the sacrificial layer (110B, 110G, 110R) and the insulating layer By removing a portion of 107, the insulating layer (107B, 107G, 107R) and the electron transport layer ( An electron injection layer 109 is formed on 108B, 108G, and 108R. The electron injection layer 109 is For example, it is formed using a vacuum deposition method. Note that the electron injection layer 109 is an insulating layer (107B Some layers of each EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R) via 107G, 107R (Hole injection / transport layer (104R, 104G, 104B), light-emitting layer, and electron transport layer ( It includes 108B, 108G, and 108R. It has a structure located on the side of ).

[0309] Next, as shown in Figure 6(B), the electrode 552 is formed. The electrode 552 is formed, for example, by vacuum vapor It is formed using a deposition method. The electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Electrode 552 is connected via electron injection layer 109 and insulating layers (107B, 107G, 107R) and some layers of each EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R) (hole injection / transport layer (104) R, 10⁴G, 10⁴B), light-emitting layer, and electron transport layer (10⁸B, 10⁸G, 10⁸R) It includes a structure located on the side (or end) of the EL layer (1 03B, 103G, 103R) and electrode 552, more specifically, each EL layer (103B, 1 03G, 103R) each have a hole injection / transport layer (104B, 104G, 104 This prevents electrical short circuits between R) and electrode 552.

[0310] Through the above process, the light-emitting device 550B, light-emitting device 550G, and light-emitting device In 550R, EL layer 103B, EL layer 103G, and EL layer 103R are respectively It can be separated and processed.

[0311] Furthermore, the division of these EL layers (EL layer 103B, EL layer 103G, and EL layer 103R) In the release process, we use photolithography to form patterns, resulting in high resolution. It is possible to fabricate a light-emitting device (display panel). Furthermore, using the photolithography method... The edges (sides) of the EL layer processed by pattern formation have substantially the same surface (and These shapes are located roughly on the same plane.

[0312] In the EL layer, the hole injection layer is particularly included in the hole transport region located between the anode and the light-emitting layer. Because it often has high conductivity, it is formed as a common layer for adjacent light-emitting devices. This can sometimes cause crosstalk. Therefore, as shown in this example configuration, phototri By separating the EL layer using pattern formation with the sography method, adjacent emission This makes it possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between optical devices.

[0313] <Example 2 of the configuration of the light-emitting device 700> The light-emitting device 700 shown in Figure 7 consists of light-emitting device 550B, light-emitting device 550G, and light-emitting device It has a chair 550R and a partition wall 528. It also has a light-emitting device 550B, and a light-emitting device The 550G, the light-emitting device 550R, and the partition wall 528 are provided on the first substrate 510. It is formed on the functional layer 520. The functional layer 520 is formed on a drive composed of multiple transistors This includes the drive circuit GD, the drive circuit SD, and the wiring that electrically connects them. These drive circuits, for example, include light-emitting device 550B, light-emitting device 550G, The light-emitting device 550R is electrically connected to each other and can drive them. Furthermore, the drive circuits GD and SD will be described later in Embodiment 4.

[0314] Furthermore, the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R are, It has the device structure shown in Embodiment 2. In particular, the EL in the structure shown in Figure 1(A) This shows the case where layer 103 differs for each light-emitting device.

[0315] The specific configuration of each light-emitting device shown in Figure 7 is the same as that of light-emitting device 55 described in Figure 2. 0B is the same as light-emitting device 550G and light-emitting device 550R.

[0316] As shown in Figure 7, the EL layer (103) of each light-emitting device (550B, 550G, 550R) B, 103G, 103R) each have a hole injection / transport layer (104B, 104G, 104R) is smaller than the other functional layers that make up the EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R). It has a structure covered with stacked functional layers.

[0317] In this configuration, the hole injection / transport layers in each EL layer (104B, 104G, Because 104R) is covered by other functional layers, it is completely separated from electrode 552. To prevent short circuits, the insulating layer shown in Configuration Example 1 (107B, 107G, 107R in Figure 2(A)) ) becomes unnecessary.

[0318] Furthermore, each EL layer in this configuration (EL layer 103B, EL layer 103G, and EL layer 103R) Furthermore, in the separation process, pattern formation is performed using photolithography, The edges (sides) of the processed EL layer have substantially the same surface (or are located on substantially the same plane). It takes on the shape of (doing so).

[0319] In the EL layer, the hole injection layer is particularly included in the hole transport region located between the anode and the light-emitting layer. Because it often has high conductivity, it is formed as a common layer for adjacent light-emitting devices. This can sometimes cause crosstalk. Therefore, as shown in this example configuration, phototri By separating the EL layer using pattern formation with the sography method, adjacent emission This makes it possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between optical devices.

[0320] <Example 3 of the configuration of the light-emitting device 700> The light-emitting device 700 shown in Figure 8(A) includes light-emitting device 550B, light-emitting device 550G, and It has an optical device 550R and a partition wall 528. It also has a light-emitting device 550B and a light-emitting device The vice 550G, the light-emitting device 550R, and the partition wall 528 are installed on the first substrate 510. It is formed on the functional layer 520. The functional layer 520 is composed of multiple transistors. This includes the drive circuit GD, drive circuit SD, and other components, as well as the wiring that electrically connects them. These drive circuits, as an example, include the light-emitting device 550B and the light-emitting device 550 G and the light-emitting device 550R are electrically connected to each other and can drive them. Furthermore, the drive circuits GD and SD will be described later in Embodiment 4.

[0321] Furthermore, the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R are, The device has the device structure shown in Embodiment 2. In particular, each light-emitting device is shown in Figure 1(B). This shows a structure that includes stacked EL layers 103, a so-called tandem structure. .

[0322] The light-emitting device 550B consists of electrode 551B, electrode 552, EL layer (103P, 103Q), It has a charge generation layer 106B and an insulating layer 107, and has the laminated structure shown in Figure 8(A). The specific configuration of each layer is as shown in Embodiment 2. Also, electrode 551B and electrode 552 overlaps with this. Also, EL layer 103P and EL layer 103Q overlap with charge generation layer 106B. They are stacked in a sandwich configuration, and between electrode 551B and electrode 552, there is an EL layer 103P and an EL layer 10 It has 3Q and a charge generation layer 106B. Note that the EL layers 103P and 103Q are implemented Similar to the EL layers 103, 103a, 103b, and 103c described in Form 2, it includes an emissive layer. It has a laminated structure consisting of multiple layers with different functions. Furthermore, the EL layer 103P is, for example, blue. It can emit colored light, and the EL layer 103Q can emit yellow light, for example. Cut.

[0323] In Figure 8(A), only the hole injection / transport layer 104P is included in the EL layer 103P. The diagram shows that among the layers included in the EL layer 103Q, the hole injection / transport layer 104Q and the electron transport layer Only layer 108Q and electron injection layer 109 are shown in the diagram. Therefore, in the following sections, each EL layer is shown. If it is possible to explain including the layers that are included, for convenience we will refer to them as EL layers (EL layer 103P, EL layer 103 Let's explain using Q). Also, the electron transport layer 108Q may have a stacked structure, Furthermore, hole blocking is used to block holes that move from the anode side through the light-emitting layer to the cathode side. It may also have a buck layer. Furthermore, the electron injection layer 109 may be partially or entirely different. It is acceptable for the material to have a layered structure formed using the material.

[0324] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8(A), the insulating layer 107 is located on a portion of the EL layer 103Q on the electrode 551B. A sacrifice formed on the layer (in this embodiment, up to the electron transport layer 108Q on the light-emitting layer) It is formed while leaving the sacrificial layer intact. Therefore, the insulating layer 107 is a part of the EL layer 103Q. (Above) Formed in contact with the side (or end) of the EL layer 103P and the charge generation layer 106B This is achieved. As a result, the EL layer 103P, EL layer 103Q, and charge generation layer 106B, It inhibits the intrusion of oxygen, moisture, or their constituent elements into the interior from each side. This is possible. Furthermore, the insulating layer 107 may contain, for example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide. Hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, Alternatively, silicon nitride or the like can be used. For the formation of the insulating layer 107, sputtering is used. Methods such as the CVD method, MBE method, PLD method, and ALD method can be used, but coverage A good ALD method is more preferable.

[0325] Furthermore, a portion of the EL layer 103Q (formed up to the electron transport layer 108Q) and the insulating layer 107 The electron injection layer 109 is formed by covering it. Note that the electrical resistance within the electron injection layer 109 is It is preferable to have a laminated structure of two or more different layers. For example, in contact with the electron transport layer 108Q The first layer is formed using only an electron-transporting material, and an electron-transporting material containing a metal material is placed on top of it. The second layer to be formed may be stacked, and a metal may be placed between the first layer and the electron transport layer 108Q. It may also have a third layer formed of an electron-transporting material containing the material.

[0326] Furthermore, electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Note that electrode 551B and electrode 55 2 has overlapping regions. Also, between electrode 551B and electrode 552, there is an EL layer. It has 103P, an EL layer 103Q, and a charge generation layer 106B. Therefore, electron injection The inlet layer 109, via the insulating layer 107, connects to the EL layer 103Q, the EL layer 103P, and the charge generation A structure located on the side (or edge) of layer 106B, or electrode 552, is located in the electron injection layer 10 9 and the EL layer 103Q, EL layer 103P, and charge generation layer 10 via the insulating layer 107 It has a structure located on the side (or end) of 6B. This allows the EL layer 103P and the electrode to be connected. 552, more specifically, the hole injection / transport layer 104P and electrodes of the EL layer 103P. 552 can be prevented from being electrically short-circuited. Also, EL layer 103Q and electrode 5 52. More specifically, the EL layer 103Q has a hole injection / transport layer 104Q and an electrode 5 52 can be prevented from being electrically short-circuited. Also, the charge generation layer 106B and the electrode 552. This prevents electrical short circuits.

[0327] The light-emitting device 550G consists of electrode 551G, electrode 552, and EL layer (103P, 103Q). It has a charge generation layer 106G and an insulating layer 107, and has the laminated structure shown in Figure 8(A). The specific configuration of each layer is as shown in Embodiment 2. Also, electrode 551G and electrode 552 overlaps with this. Also, EL layer 103P and EL layer 103Q are connected to charge generation layer 106G. They are stacked in a sandwich configuration, and between electrode 551G and electrode 552, there is an EL layer 103P and an EL layer 10 It has 3Q and a charge generation layer 106G.

[0328] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8(A), the insulating layer 107 is located on a portion of the EL layer 103Q on the electrode 551G. A sacrifice formed on the layer (in this embodiment, up to the electron transport layer 108Q on the light-emitting layer) It is formed while leaving the sacrificial layer intact. Therefore, the insulating layer 107 is a part of the EL layer 103Q. (Above) Formed in contact with the side (or end) of the EL layer 103P and the charge generation layer 106G This is achieved. As a result, the EL layer 103P, EL layer 103Q, and charge generation layer 106G, It inhibits the intrusion of oxygen, moisture, or their constituent elements into the interior from each side. This is possible. Furthermore, the insulating layer 107 may contain, for example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide. Hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, Alternatively, silicon nitride or the like can be used. For the formation of the insulating layer 107, sputtering is used. Methods such as the CVD method, MBE method, PLD method, and ALD method can be used, but coverage A good ALD method is more preferable.

[0329] Furthermore, a portion of the EL layer 103Q (formed up to the electron transport layer 108Q) and the insulating layer 107 The electron injection layer 109 is formed by covering it. Note that the electrical resistance within the electron injection layer 109 is It is preferable to have a laminated structure of two or more different layers. For example, in contact with the electron transport layer 108Q The first layer is formed using only an electron-transporting material, and an electron-transporting material containing a metal material is placed on top of it. The second layer to be formed may be stacked, and a metal may be placed between the first layer and the electron transport layer 108Q. It may also have a third layer formed of an electron-transporting material containing the material.

[0330] Furthermore, electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Note that electrode 551G and electrode 55 2 has overlapping regions. Also, between electrode 551G and electrode 552, there is an EL layer. It has 103P, an EL layer 103Q, and a charge generation layer 106G. Therefore, electron injection The inlet layer 109, via the insulating layer 107, connects to the EL layer 103Q, the EL layer 103P, and the charge generation A structure located on the side (or edge) of layer 106G, or electrode 552, is located in the electron injection layer 10 9 and the EL layer 103Q, EL layer 103P, and charge generation layer 10 via the insulating layer 107 It has a structure located on the side (or end) of 6G. This allows the EL layer 103P and the electrode 552, more specifically, the hole injection / transport layer 104P and electrodes of the EL layer 103P. 552 can be prevented from being electrically short-circuited. Also, EL layer 103Q and electrode 5 52. More specifically, the EL layer 103Q has a hole injection / transport layer 104Q and an electrode 5 52 can be prevented from being electrically short-circuited. Also, the charge generation layer 106G and the electrode 552. This prevents electrical short circuits.

[0331] The light-emitting device 550R consists of electrode 551R, electrode 552, EL layer (103P, 103Q), It has a charge generation layer 106R and an insulating layer 107, and has the laminated structure shown in Figure 8(A). The specific configuration of each layer is as shown in Embodiment 2. Also, electrode 551R and electrode 552 overlaps. Also, EL layer 103P and EL layer 103Q have charge generation layer 106R. They are stacked in a sandwich configuration, and between electrode 551R and electrode 552, there is an EL layer 103P and an EL layer 10 It has 3Q and a charge generation layer 106R.

[0332] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8(A), the insulating layer 107 is located on a portion of the EL layer 103Q on the electrode 551R. A sacrifice formed on the layer (in this embodiment, up to the electron transport layer 108Q on the light-emitting layer) It is formed while leaving the sacrificial layer intact. Therefore, the insulating layer 107 is a part of the EL layer 103Q. (Above) Formed in contact with the side (or end) of the EL layer 103P and the charge generation layer 106R This is achieved. As a result, the EL layer 103P, EL layer 103Q, and charge generation layer 106R, It inhibits the intrusion of oxygen, moisture, or their constituent elements into the interior from each side. This is possible. Furthermore, the insulating layer 107 may contain, for example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide. Hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, Alternatively, silicon nitride or the like can be used. For the formation of the insulating layer 107, sputtering is used. Methods such as the CVD method, MBE method, PLD method, and ALD method can be used, but coverage A good ALD method is more preferable.

[0333] Furthermore, a portion of the EL layer 103Q (formed up to the electron transport layer 108Q) and the insulating layer 107 The electron injection layer 109 is formed by covering it. Note that the electrical resistance within the electron injection layer 109 is It is preferable to have a laminated structure of two or more different layers. For example, in contact with the electron transport layer 108Q The first layer is formed using only an electron-transporting material, and an electron-transporting material containing a metal material is placed on top of it. The second layer to be formed may be stacked, and a metal may be placed between the first layer and the electron transport layer 108Q. It may also have a third layer formed of an electron-transporting material containing the material.

[0334] Furthermore, electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Note that electrode 551R and electrode 55 2 has overlapping regions. Also, between electrode 551R and electrode 552, there is an EL layer. It has 103P, an EL layer 103Q, and a charge generation layer 106R. Therefore, electron injection The inlet layer 109, via the insulating layer 107, connects to the EL layer 103Q, the EL layer 103P, and the charge generation A structure located on the side (or edge) of layer 106R, or electrode 552, is located in the electron injection layer 10 9 and the EL layer 103Q, EL layer 103P, and charge generation layer 10 via the insulating layer 107 It has a structure located on the side (or end) of 6R. This allows the EL layer 103P and the electrode to be connected. 552, more specifically, the hole injection / transport layer 104P and electrodes of the EL layer 103P. 552 can be prevented from being electrically short-circuited. Also, EL layer 103Q and electrode 5 52. More specifically, the EL layer 103Q has a hole injection / transport layer 104Q and an electrode 5 52 can be prevented from being electrically short-circuited. Also, the charge generation layer 106R and the electrode 552. This prevents electrical short circuits.

[0335] Furthermore, each light-emitting device has an EL layer (103P, 103Q) and a charge generation layer (1 When separating and processing 06B, 106G, and 106R) according to the light-emitting device, a photolithograph is used. To perform pattern formation using the i method, the edges (sides) of the processed EL layer are approximately on the same surface. The resulting shape has (or is located on approximately the same plane as) the following.

[0336] Each light-emitting device has an EL layer (103P, 103Q) and a charge generation layer ( 106B, 106G, and 106R each have a gap of 58 between them and adjacent light-emitting devices. It has 0. Hole injection layer included in the hole transport region in the EL layer (103P, 103Q) Furthermore, the charge generation layers (106B, 106G, 106R) often have high conductivity, When formed as a common layer between adjacent light-emitting devices, it can cause crosstalk. Therefore, by providing a gap 580 as shown in this example configuration, adjacent This makes it possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between optical devices.

[0337] In a high-resolution light-emitting device (display panel) with a resolution exceeding 1000 ppi, the EL layer 103B, E If electrical conductivity is detected between the L layer 103G and the EL layer 103R, cross-conduction occurs. This phenomenon occurs, narrowing the color gamut that the light-emitting device can display. A high-resolution display panel, preferably a high-resolution display panel with a resolution exceeding 2000 ppi, more preferably Mashiku achieves a vivid display by incorporating a 580-degree gap into an ultra-high-definition display panel with over 5000 ppi. It can provide a display panel capable of displaying vibrant colors.

[0338] In this configuration example, the light-emitting device 550B, the light-emitting device 550G, and the light-emitting device All 550R emits white light. In this specification, etc., emitting white light A light-emitting device capable of this is sometimes called a white light-emitting device. By combining it with a color layer (for example, a color filter), a full-color display device can be used. Therefore, the second substrate 770 has a colored layer CFB and a colored layer C It has FG and a colored layer CFR. These colored layers are as shown in Figure 8(A). It is acceptable to overlap some of the layers. By overlapping some of the layers, the overlapping portion can function as a light-shielding film. It is also possible to do so. In this example configuration, for example, the colored layer CFB preferentially receives blue light (B). Using a transmissive material, the colored layer CFG uses a material that preferentially transmits green light (G). The colored CFR layer uses a material that preferentially transmits red light (R).

[0339] Figure 8(B) shows light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 55 When 0R (collectively referred to as light-emitting device 550 in the diagram) is a white light-emitting device, The configuration of the light-emitting device 550B is shown. EL layer 103P and EL layer are placed on electrode 551B. 103Q is stacked with the charge generation layer 106B in between. Also, the EL layer 103P is blue It has an emitting layer 113B that emits light EL(1), and the EL layer 103Q emits green light EL(2) It has a light-emitting layer 113G that emits light and a light-emitting layer 113R that emits red light EL(3). .

[0340] Alternatively, a color conversion layer can be used instead of the above-mentioned colored layer. For example, nanoparticles, quantum particles A color conversion layer can be used for other materials such as stencils.

[0341] For example, instead of a colored layer CFG, a color conversion layer that converts blue light to green light can be used. Yes, it is possible. This allows the blue light emitted by the 550G light-emitting device to be converted into green light. This can be done. In addition, by replacing the colored layer CFR with a color conversion layer that converts blue light into red light, This allows the blue light emitted by the light-emitting device 550R to be converted into red light. It can be exchanged.

[0342] Furthermore, when comparing the light-emitting device with the above-mentioned SBS structure with a white light-emitting device, SB S-structured light-emitting devices can consume less power than white light-emitting devices. If you want to keep power consumption low, it is preferable to use an SBS structure light-emitting device. White light-emitting devices are easier to manufacture than light-emitting devices with an SBS structure. This allows for lower manufacturing costs or higher manufacturing yields. It is suitable.

[0343] <Example of configuration of light-emitting device 700 4> The light-emitting device (display panel) 700 shown in Figure 9 consists of light-emitting device 550B and light-emitting device 55 It has 0G, light-emitting device 550R, and partition wall 528. It also has light-emitting device 550B The light-emitting device 550G, the light-emitting device 550R, and the partition wall 528 are located on the first substrate 51 It is formed on a functional layer 520 provided on 0. The functional layer 520 contains multiple transistors In addition to the drive circuits GD and SD, which are composed of these components, the wiring that electrically connects them is also included. These are included. Note that these drive circuits include, as an example, the light-emitting device 550B, and the light-emitting device The 550G is electrically connected to the light-emitting device 550R and can drive them. Furthermore, the drive circuits GD and SD will be described later in Embodiment 4.

[0344] Furthermore, the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R are for implementation purposes. It has the device structure shown in Embodiment 2. In particular, each light-emitting device is as shown in Figure 1(B). This is suitable for cases where the structure includes stacked EL layers 103, a so-called tandem structure.

[0345] The specific configuration of each light-emitting device shown in Figure 9 is as described in Figure 8(A). The 550B, 550G, and 550R light-emitting devices are the same, and all emit white light. It emits light.

[0346] In this example, the light-emitting device is formed on the first substrate 510, with each light-emitting device on top of it. Figure 8(A) shows that the resulting colored layer CFB, colored layer CFG, and colored layer CFR are formed. The configuration of the light-emitting device shown is different.

[0347] That is, an insulating layer 57 is placed on the electrode 552 of each light-emitting device formed on the first substrate 510. It has 3 and has a colored layer CFB, a colored layer CFG, and a colored layer CFR on the insulating layer 573. .

[0348] Furthermore, the colored layer CFB, the colored layer CFG, and the colored layer CFR have an insulating layer 705 on top of them. The insulating layer 705 is connected to the functional layer 520, each light-emitting device (550B, 550G, 550R), and The first substrate 510 having a colored layer CFB, a colored layer CFG, and a colored layer CFR On the color layer (CFB, CFG, CFR) side, there is a region sandwiched between the second substrate 770 and the first It has a function for bonding the substrate 510 and the second substrate 770 together.

[0349] Furthermore, the insulating layer 573 and insulating layer 705 are made of inorganic material, organic material, or inorganic material. Composite materials and other materials can be used for the machinery.

[0350] In addition, inorganic materials include inorganic oxide films, inorganic nitride films, or inorganic oxidnitride films, etc. Laminated materials can be made by stacking multiple materials selected from these. For example, silicone oxide Silicon film, silicon nitride film, silicon oxide nitride film, aluminum oxide film, etc., or selected from these. A film containing a laminated material made by stacking multiple layers can be used. It is a dense film and has excellent function in suppressing the diffusion of impurities. Alternatively, oxide semiconductors (for example) (For example, an IGZO film) an aluminum oxide film and IGZO on the aluminum oxide film A layered structure with an O film can be used.

[0351] In addition, organic materials include polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, and Recarbonate, polysiloxane, or acrylic, or a combination of these selected from each other. Laminated resin materials or composite materials can be used. Alternatively, reaction-curing adhesives can be used. By using organic materials such as photocuring adhesives, thermosetting adhesives, and / or anaerobic adhesives. It is possible.

[0352] <Example 2 of a manufacturing method for a light-emitting device> Next, the method for fabricating the light-emitting device shown in Figure 9 will be explained using Figures 10(A) to 11(B). do.

[0353] As shown in Figure 10(A), electrodes (551B, 551) are formed on the first substrate 510. On G, 551R) and partition wall 528 (see Figure 3(B)), EL layer 1 is placed over them. 03P (including hole injection / transport layer 104P), charge generation layer 106, and EL layer 103 Q (including hole injection / transport layer 104Q and electron transport layer 108Q) is formed. Furthermore, E A sacrificial layer 110 is formed on the L layer 103Q. The composition of the sacrificial layer 110 is shown in Figure 4. The explanation is the same as in (A), so it will be omitted.

[0354] Next, as shown in Figure 10(B), a resist is applied to the sacrificial layer 110, and then the electrodes... The resist in the region of the sacrificial layer 110 that is not superimposed on electrode 551B, electrode 551G, and electrode 551R. Remove the sacrificial layer 110 superimposed on electrodes 551B, 551G, and 551R. A resist mask REG is formed so that resist remains in the region. For example, photolithography Using the roughing method, the resist coated on the sacrificial layer 110 is formed into the desired shape. Then, a portion of the sacrificial layer 110 that is not covered by the obtained resist mask REG is etched Remove. Then remove the resist mask REG, leaving the EL layer 103 uncovered by the sacrificial layer. P (including hole injection / transport layer 104P), charge generation layer 106, and EL layer 103Q( A portion of the hole injection / transport layer (including the hole injection / transport layer 104Q and the electron transport layer 108Q) is removed by etching. A shape having sides (or with exposed sides), or extending in a direction intersecting the paper surface. It is processed into a strip shape. Specifically, the EL layer 103Q (hole injection / transport layer 104Q, Using a sacrificial layer 110 patterned on an electron transport layer 108Q, dry etching Perform the operation. (See Figure 10(C)). Note that although not shown in Figure 10(C), in Figure 4(A) As described, the sacrificial layer 110 has a laminated structure with the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer. If present, after etching a portion of the second sacrificial layer with a resist mask REG, Remove the resist mask REG, and use the second sacrificial layer as a mask to remove a portion of the first sacrificial layer. The EL layer 103Q (including hole injection / transport layer 104Q and electron transport layer 108Q) is selected. ), charge generation layer 106, and EL layer 103P (including hole injection / transport layer 104P) It may be processed into a predetermined shape. Furthermore, bulkhead 528 may be used as an etching stopper. can.

[0355] Next, the sacrificial layer 110, the EL layer (103P, 103Q), and the insulating layer 10 on the partition wall 528 Form 7. For example, using the ALD method, a sacrificial layer 110 and an EL layer (103P, 103Q) are formed. ), and an insulating layer 107 is formed on the partition wall 528 to cover them. The margin layer 107 is in contact with the side surfaces of each EL layer (103P, 103Q) as shown in Figure 10(C). It is formed by... Specifically, the insulating layer 107 is the EL layer 103P (hole injection / transport layer 10 (including 4P), charge generation layer 106, and EL layer 103Q (hole injection / transport layer 104Q) It is also formed on the exposed sides when the electron transport layer (including electron transport layer 108Q) is etched. This prevents oxygen or moisture from entering the interior from the sides of each EL layer (103P, 103Q), Alternatively, the intrusion of these constituent elements can be suppressed. Furthermore, the material used for the insulating layer 107 Examples include aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, and galium oxide. Using materials such as indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide. This is possible. In addition, the material used for the insulating layer 107 is the same as the material described in Embodiment 2. Pore-transporting materials can be used.

[0356] Next, as shown in Figure 11(A), the sacrificial layer 110 is removed, and the insulating layer 107 and electron vessels are removed. An electron injection layer 109 is formed on the deposition layer 108Q. The electron injection layer 109 is formed, for example, by vacuum deposition. It is formed using the method. The electron injection layer 109 is connected to each EL layer (10) via the insulating layer 107. Some layers of 3P, 103Q (hole injection / transport layer (104P, 104Q), luminescence layer, etc.) and electron transport layers (10⁸P, 10⁸Q) and charge generation layers (10⁶B, 10⁶ It has a structure located on the side of G, 106R).

[0357] Next, electrodes 552 are formed on the electron injection layer 109. The electrodes 552 are formed, for example, by vacuum deposition. It is formed using the electron injection layer 109 and the insulating layer 107. Some layers of each EL layer (103P, 103Q) (hole injection / transport layer (104P, 104Q) ), including an emissive layer and electron transport layers (10⁸P, 10⁸Q). ) and charge generation layer (1 It has a structure located on the side (or end) of 06B, 106G, 106R). Each EL layer (103P, 103Q) and electrode 552, more specifically, each EL layer (103 P and 103Q) each have hole injection / transport layers (104P and 104Q) and electrode 55 This prevents a short circuit between the two.

[0358] Based on the above, the light-emitting device 550B, light-emitting device 550G, and light-emitting device 550 R's EL layer 103P (including hole injection / transport layer 104P), charge generation layer (106B, 1 06G, 106R), and EL layer 103Q (hole injection / transport layer 104Q, electron transport layer (Including 108Q) were separated by pattern formation using a single photolithography method. It can be formed in this way.

[0359] Next, the insulating layer 573, the colored layer CFB, the colored layer CFG, and the colored layer CFR, and the insulating layer 705 Form (see Figure 11(B)).

[0360] For example, a flat film and a dense film are laminated to form an insulating layer 573. Specifically, the coating method is A flat film is formed using chemical vapor deposition (ALD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD). A dense film is deposited onto a flat film using techniques such as layer deposition. This makes it possible to form a high-quality insulating layer 573 with few defects.

[0361] For example, using a color resist, a colored layer CFB, a colored layer CFG, and a colored layer CFR are Form into a specific shape. Note that the colored layer CFR and the colored layer CFB overlap on the partition wall 528. The device is processed in such a way that light emitted from adjacent light-emitting devices does not wrap around it. It can control elephants.

[0362] The insulating layer 705 may use an inorganic material, an organic material, or a composite material of an inorganic material and an organic material. It is possible.

[0363] Furthermore, each light-emitting device has an EL layer (103P, 103Q) and a charge generation layer (1 When separating and processing 06B, 106G, and 106R) according to the light-emitting device, a photolithograph is used. To create a pattern using the I method, a high-resolution light-emitting device (display panel) is to be manufactured. This is possible. In addition, the EL layer processed by pattern formation using photolithography can be processed. The ends (sides) have a shape that is roughly the same surface (or located on roughly the same plane). .

[0364] Furthermore, the hole injection layer included in the hole transport region in the EL layer (103P, 103Q) and The charge generation layers (106B, 106G, 106R) often have high conductivity, so adjacent layers When formed as a common layer in light-emitting devices, it can cause crosstalk. Therefore, as shown in this example, pattern formation using photolithography is achieved. By separating the EL layer, crosstalk between adjacent light-emitting devices is eliminated. This makes it possible to suppress the problem.

[0365] <Example of configuration of light-emitting device 700 5> The light-emitting device (display panel) 700 shown in Figure 12 consists of light-emitting device 550B and light-emitting device 5 It has 50G and a light-emitting device 550R. It also has a light-emitting device 550B, a light-emitting device The chair 550G and the light-emitting device 550R are functional layers provided on the first substrate 510. It is formed on 520. The functional layer 520 contains a drive circuit G composed of multiple transistors. This includes D, the drive circuit SD, and the wiring that electrically connects them. The drive circuit, as an example, includes light-emitting device 550B, light-emitting device 550G, and light-emitting device It is electrically connected to the S550R and can drive them. Also, the drive circuit GD, The drive circuit SD will be described later in Embodiment 4.

[0366] Furthermore, the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R are for implementation purposes. It has the device structure shown in Embodiment 2. In particular, each light-emitting device is as shown in Figure 1(B). This is suitable for cases where the structure includes stacked EL layers 103, a so-called tandem structure.

[0367] As shown in Figure 12, between each light-emitting device, for example, between light-emitting device 550B and light-emitting device There is a gap 580 between the 550G and the insulating layer 54. It has a configuration that forms 0.

[0368] For example, by pattern formation using photolithography, the EL layer 103P (Hole Note) The input / transport layer (including 104P), charge generation layer (106B, 106G, 106R), and E The L layer 103Q (including the hole injection / transport layer 104Q and the electron transport layer 108Q) is divided into separate layers. After deformation, an insulating layer 540 is formed in the gap 580 using photolithography. This is possible. Furthermore, EL layer 103Q (hole injection / transport layer 104Q, electron transport layer 108 (including Q) and electrodes 552 can be formed on the insulating layer 540.

[0369] In this configuration, each EL layer is separated by the insulating layer 540, so in Configuration Example 3... The insulating layer shown (insulating layer 107 in Figures 8(A) and 8(B)) is unnecessary.

[0370] Furthermore, each light-emitting device has an EL layer (103P, 103Q) and a charge generation layer (1 When separating and processing 06B, 106G, and 106R) according to the light-emitting device, a photolithograph is used. To create a pattern using the I method, a high-resolution light-emitting device (display panel) is to be manufactured. This is possible. In addition, the EL layer processed by pattern formation using photolithography can be processed. The ends (sides) have a shape that is roughly the same surface (or located on roughly the same plane). .

[0371] Furthermore, the hole injection layer included in the hole transport region in the EL layer (103P, 103Q) and The charge generation layers (106B, 106G, 106R) often have high conductivity, so adjacent layers When formed as a common layer in light-emitting devices, it can cause crosstalk. Therefore, as shown in this example, pattern formation using photolithography is achieved. By separating the EL layer, crosstalk between adjacent light-emitting devices is eliminated. This makes it possible to suppress the problem.

[0372] Furthermore, in this configuration example, adjacent light-emitting devices (light-emitting device 550B, light-emitting device Even if the 550G and light-emitting device 550R are manufactured by the manufacturing method described in Figures 3 to 6, Good. In this case, the EL layer (103P, 103Q) and charge generation layer of each light-emitting device ( Since 106R, 106G, and 106R can be formed separately, the EL layer ( The configurations of 103P and 103Q can be changed. For example, the light-emitting device Using a light-emitting material that emits blue light in the EL layer (103P, 103Q) of 550B, blue light emission The EL layer (103P, 103Q) of the light-emitting device 550G emits green light. Using a light-emitting material that exhibits green light emission, the EL layer (1) of the light-emitting device 550R is formed. Using a luminescent material that exhibits red light emission in 03P and 103Q, the layer also exhibits red light emission. Good. Alternatively, the EL layer (103P) and EL layer (103Q) of the light-emitting device 550B, light emission The EL layer (103P) and EL layer (103Q) of device 550G, and the light-emitting device 550R The EL layer (103P) and the EL layer (103Q) are made of light-emitting materials that exhibit different emission colors. You may use it.

[0373] The configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the configurations shown in other embodiments. It is assumed that this is possible.

[0374] (Embodiment 4) In this embodiment, a light-emitting device that is one aspect of the present invention is shown in Figures 13(A) to 15(B) This will be explained using the following. Note that the light-emitting device 700 shown in Figures 13(A) to 15(B) is actually It has a light-emitting device as shown in Embodiment 2. Furthermore, the light-emitting device 700 described in this embodiment Because it can be applied to the display parts of electronic devices and the like, it can also be called a display panel.

[0375] The light-emitting device 700 described in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 13(A), has a display area 231. The display area 231 has a pair of pixels 703(i,j). Also shown in Figure 13(B) As such, one pair of pixels 703(i,j) has an adjacent pair of pixels 703(i+1,j). ru.

[0376] Note that pixel 703(i,j) can be used for multiple pixels. For example, if the hues are mutual Multiple pixels can be used to display different colors. This can be rephrased as a subpixel. Alternatively, multiple subpixels can be grouped together and referred to simply as a pixel. It is possible to obtain it.

[0377] This allows the colors displayed by the multiple pixels to be mixed additively or subtractively. Alternatively, it can display hues that cannot be displayed by individual pixels.

[0378] Specifically, pixel 702B(i,j) displays blue, and pixel 702G(i By using pixel 702R(i,j) which displays red (,j) as pixel 703(i,j), This is possible. Also, pixels 702B(i,j), pixels 702G(i,j) and pixels 702 Each of R(i,j) can be rephrased as a sub-pixel.

[0379] In addition, pixels that display white or other colors may be used in addition to the above pair, for pixel 703(i,j). Also, pixels that display cyan, pixels that display magenta, and pixels that display yellow Each of the primary elements may also be used as a sub-pixel in pixel 703(i,j).

[0380] In addition to the above pair, a pixel that emits infrared light may be used as pixel 703(i,j). Specifically, it emits light that includes light with wavelengths between 650 nm and 1000 nm. The pixel can be used as pixel 703(i,j).

[0381] The area surrounding the display region 231 shown in Figure 13(A) includes a drive circuit GD and a drive circuit SD. It also has terminals 519 that are electrically connected to drive circuits GD, SD, etc. Terminal 519 is electrically connected, for example, to the flexible printed circuit FPC1 (see Figure 16). It can be continued.

[0382] The drive circuit GD has the function of supplying a first selection signal and a second selection signal. For example, the drive circuit GD is electrically connected to the conductive film G1(i), which will be described later, and the first selection signal It supplies a second selection signal, which is electrically connected to the conductive film G2(i) described later. Furthermore, the drive circuit SD has the function of supplying image signals and control signals, and the control signals are first This includes the first level and the second level. For example, the drive circuit SD is the conductive film S1g(j It is electrically connected to the conductive film S2g(j), which supplies the image signal, and is electrically connected to the conductive film S2g(j) described later. It then supplies control signals.

[0383] Figure 15(A) shows the same as the dashed lines X1-X2 and X3-X4 shown in Figure 13(A). The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device in each case. As shown in Figure 15(A), the light-emitting device 70 0 has a functional layer 520 between the first substrate 510 and the second substrate 770. 520 includes the aforementioned drive circuits GD and SD, as well as the components that electrically connect them. This includes wiring, etc. In Figure 15(A), the functional layer 520 is the pixel circuit 530B(i,j) The diagram shows a configuration including the pixel circuit 530G(i,j) and the drive circuit GD, but is not limited to this configuration. do not have.

[0384] Furthermore, each pixel circuit of the functional layer 520 (for example, the pixel circuit 530B shown in Figure 15(A)) (i,j), the pixel circuit 530G(i,j)) is formed on the functional layer 520, each light-emitting device Chair (for example, the light-emitting device 550B(i,j) and light-emitting device 55 shown in Figure 15(A)) It is electrically connected to 0G(i,j)). Specifically, to the light-emitting device 550B(i,j). It is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 530B(i,j) via aperture 591B, and the light-emitting device S550G(i,j) is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 530G(i,j) via aperture 591G. They are connected. In addition, an insulating layer 705 is provided on the functional layer 520 and each light-emitting device. The insulating layer 705 has the function of bonding the second substrate 770 and the functional layer 520. ru.

[0385] Furthermore, the second substrate 770 may be a substrate equipped with touch sensors in a matrix arrangement. Yes, it is possible. For example, a substrate equipped with a capacitive touch sensor or an optical touch sensor. It can be used on the second substrate 770. This allows the light-emitting device of one aspect of the present invention to be tapped. It can be used as a panel.

[0386] Furthermore, the specific configuration of the pixel circuit 530G(i,j) is shown in Figure 14(A).

[0387] As shown in Figure 14(A), the pixel circuit 530G(i,j) is connected to switch SW21, switch It has a switch SW22, a transistor M21, a capacitor C21, and a node N21. Circuit 530G(i,j) has node N22, capacitor C22, and switch SW23.

[0388] Transistor M21 has a gate electrode that is electrically connected to node N21 and a light-emitting device. A first electrode electrically connected to 550G(i,j), and a conductive film ANO electrically connected It has a second electrode that is positioned as follows.

[0389] Switch SW21 has a first terminal electrically connected to node N21 and a conductive film S1g( It has a second terminal electrically connected to j). The switch SW21 also has a conductive film It has the function of controlling the conduction or non-conduction state based on the potential of G1(i).

[0390] Switch SW22 has a first terminal that is electrically connected to the conductive film S2g(j), and is conductive It has the function of controlling the conduction or non-conduction state based on the potential of the film G2(i).

[0391] Capacitor C21 is a conductive film electrically connected to node N21 and the second of switch SW22 It has a conductive film that is electrically connected to the electrode.

[0392] This allows the image signal to be stored in node N21. Alternatively, node N21 The potential can be changed using switch SW22. Alternatively, light-emitting device 55 The intensity of the light emitted by 0G(i,j) can be controlled using the potential of node N21. Cut.

[0393] Next, Figure 14(B) shows an example of the specific structure of transistor M21, as explained in Figure 14(A). (As shown). Note that transistor M21 is a bottom-gate type transistor or Top-gate transistors and the like can be used as appropriate.

[0394] The transistor shown in Figure 14(B) consists of a semiconductor film 508, a conductive film 504, an insulating film 506, and a conductive film. The transistor has an insulating film 512A and a conductive film 512B. It is formed on top of the transistor. It has 516B) and an insulating film 518.

[0395] The semiconductor film 508 has a region 508A that is electrically connected to the conductive film 512A, and the conductive film 512B The semiconductor film 508 has a region 508B that is electrically connected to region 508A and region Region 508B contains region 508C.

[0396] The conductive film 504 has a region that overlaps with region 508C, and the conductive film 504 has the function of a gate electrode. do.

[0397] The insulating film 506 has a region sandwiched between the semiconductor film 508 and the conductive film 504. Film 506 has the function of a first gate insulating film.

[0398] The conductive film 512A has either the function of a source electrode or a drain electrode, and the conductive film 51 2B has the function of either a source electrode or a drain electrode, and the other of the other.

[0399] Furthermore, the conductive film 524 can be used in transistors. The conductive film 524 is the conductive film 50 It has a region with a semiconductor film 508 sandwiched between 4. The conductive film 524 is the mechanism of the second gate electrode. It has the ability. The insulating film 501D is sandwiched between the semiconductor film 508 and the conductive film 524, and the second It functions as a gate insulating film.

[0400] The insulating film 516 functions, for example, as a protective film covering the semiconductor film 508. For example, specifically, silicon oxide film, silicon oxide nitride film, silicon oxide nitride Calcium film, silicon nitride film, aluminum oxide film, hafnium oxide film, yttrium oxide film, Zirconium oxide film, gallium oxide film, tantalum oxide film, magnesium oxide film, ranyl oxide A film containing a tan film, a cerium oxide film, or a neodymium oxide film can be used.

[0401] The insulating film 518 allows for the diffusion of, for example, oxygen, hydrogen, water, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, etc. It is preferable to apply a material that has a function to suppress this. Specifically, the insulating film 518 is For example, silicon nitride, silicon oxide nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide nitride Aluminum can be used. Also, silicon oxide nitride and aluminum oxide nitride can be used. The number of nitrogen atoms in each gas is preferably greater than the number of oxygen atoms. It's nice.

[0402] Furthermore, in the process of forming the semiconductor film used for the transistors of the pixel circuit, the drive circuit It is possible to form semiconductor films used in transistors. For example, transistors in pixel circuits. A semiconductor film with the same composition as the semiconductor film used in the device can be used in the drive circuit.

[0403] Furthermore, the semiconductor film 508 can be made of a semiconductor containing elements of Group 14. For this purpose, a semiconductor containing silicon can be used for the semiconductor film 508.

[0404] Furthermore, hydrogenated amorphous silicon can be used for the semiconductor film 508. Microcrystalline silicon and the like can be used for the semiconductor film 508. This allows, for example, to Light-emitting devices (or display panels) that use lithium silicon as the semiconductor film 508 have less display unevenness. It is possible to provide a light-emitting device that does not require any special features. Alternatively, it is easy to scale up the light-emitting device.

[0405] Furthermore, polysilicon can be used for the semiconductor film 508. This allows, for example, From a transistor using hydrogenated amorphous silicon as the semiconductor film 508, The field-effect mobility can be increased. Also, for example, hydrogenated amorphous silicon This allows for improved driving capability compared to transistors using semiconductor film 508. Alternatively, For example, a transistor using hydrogenated amorphous silicon as the semiconductor film 508 has a pixel This can improve the aperture ratio.

[0406] Alternatively, for example, a transistor that uses hydrogenated amorphous silicon as the semiconductor film 508. This can improve the reliability of transistors.

[0407] Alternatively, the temperature required for the fabrication of the transistor can be, for example, the temperature of a transistor using single-crystal silicon. It can be made lower than the standard.

[0408] Alternatively, the semiconductor film used in the transistors of the drive circuit can be used in the transistors of the pixel circuit. It can be formed using the same process as the semiconductor film, or the same process as the substrate on which the pixel circuit is formed. A drive circuit can be formed on the substrate. Alternatively, the number of components constituting the electronic device can be reduced. It is possible.

[0409] Furthermore, single-crystal silicon can be used for the semiconductor film 508. This allows, for example, A light-emitting device (or display panel) using hydrogenated amorphous silicon as the semiconductor film 508. The resolution can be further increased. Alternatively, for example, polysilicon can be used on the semiconductor film 508. It is possible to provide a light-emitting device with less display unevenness than the light-emitting device used. Or, for example, Then, smart glasses or head-mounted displays can be provided.

[0410] Furthermore, metal oxides can be used for the semiconductor film 508. This allows for the formation of ammonia. Compared to a pixel circuit using a transistor with Rufus silicon as the semiconductor film, The circuit can hold the image signal for a longer period of time. Specifically, While suppressing the occurrence of crackling noise, the selected signal should be less than 30Hz, preferably less than 1Hz, more preferably It can be supplied at a frequency of less than once per minute. As a result, users of electronic devices It can reduce accumulated fatigue. It can also reduce power consumption associated with operation. ru.

[0411] Furthermore, an oxide semiconductor can be used for the semiconductor film 508. Specifically, indi-oxide semiconductors can be used. Oxide semiconductors containing indium, oxide semiconductors containing indium, gallium, and zinc, or indium An oxide semiconductor containing um, gallium, zinc, and tin can be used for the semiconductor film 508.

[0412] Furthermore, by using oxide semiconductors in the semiconductor film, hydrogenated amorphous silicon can be used in the semiconductor film. By obtaining a transistor with a smaller leakage current in the off state than a transistor using [this method], Therefore, transistors using oxide semiconductors as semiconductor films can be used as switches, etc. It is preferable to use it. Furthermore, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor as the semiconductor film is a switch. The circuit used in the project utilizes a transistor that uses hydrogenated amorphous silicon as the semiconductor film. It can maintain the potential of the floating node for a longer period of time than the circuit used for the switch. can.

[0413] Figure 15(A) shows a structure (top emission type) that extracts light from the second substrate 770 side. The light-emitting device is shown, but as shown in Figure 15(B), the light is extracted on the first substrate 510 side. It can also be used as a bottom-emission type light-emitting device. In the case of an optical device, the first electrode 101 is formed to function as a semi-transmissive / semi-reflective electrode. The second electrode 102 is formed to function as a reflective electrode.

[0414] Furthermore, Figures 15(A) and 15(B) show the active matrix type light-emitting device. As explained, the configuration of the light-emitting device shown in Embodiment 2 is shown in Figures 16(A) and 16(B). It may also be applied to the passive matrix type light-emitting device shown.

[0415] Figure 16(A) is a perspective view showing a passive matrix type light-emitting device, and Figure 16(B) is Figure 16(A) is a cross-sectional view taken along the X and Y lines. On the substrate 951, electrodes 952 and 956 are provided, and electrodes 952 and 956 An EL layer 955 is provided between them. The end of the electrode 952 is covered with an insulating layer 953. There is. And a partition layer 954 is provided on the insulating layer 953. Side wall of partition layer 954 As you get closer to the substrate surface, the gap between one side wall and the other side wall becomes narrower. It has a slope. In other words, the cross-section of the partition layer 954 in the short axis direction is trapezoidal, and the bottom (insulation The side that is in contact with layer 953 is shorter than the top base. In this way, by providing the partition layer 954 This prevents malfunctions in light-emitting devices caused by static electricity, etc.

[0416] The configuration shown in this embodiment may be used in appropriate combination with the configurations shown in other embodiments. It shall be possible.

[0417] (Embodiment 5) In this embodiment, the configuration of an electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention is shown in Figures 17(A) to 19. (B) will explain this.

[0418] Figures 17(A) to 19(B) illustrate the configuration of an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17(A) is a block diagram of an electronic device, and Figures 17(B) to 17(E) are electronic devices. This is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of the device. Figures 18(A) to 18(E) show the configuration of the electronic device. This is a perspective view illustrating the configuration. Figures 19(A) and 19(B) also show the configuration of the electronic device. This is a perspective view for explanation.

[0419] The electronic device 5200B described in this embodiment includes an arithmetic unit 5210 and an input / output device 522 It has 0 and (see Figure 17(A)).

[0420] The arithmetic unit 5210 has a function to be supplied with operation information, and based on the operation information, it provides image information It has the function of supplying.

[0421] The input / output device 5220 includes a display unit 5230, an input unit 5240, a detection unit 5250, and a communication unit 52 90. It has functions for supplying operation information and image information. Also, input / output The device 5220 has the function of supplying detection information, the function of supplying communication information and the function of supplying communication information It has the function of providing.

[0422] The input unit 5240 has the function of supplying operation information. For example, the input unit 5240 is an electronic device The device 5200B provides operation information based on the user's actions.

[0423] Specifically, keyboards, hardware buttons, pointing devices, and touch sensors. Input section 5 includes an illuminance sensor, imaging device, audio input device, gaze input device, posture detection device, etc. It can be used with 240.

[0424] The display unit 5230 has the function of displaying a display panel and image information. For example, in practice The display panel described in state 2 can be used in the display unit 5230.

[0425] The detection unit 5250 has the function of supplying detection information. For example, when electronic equipment is used. It has the function of detecting the surrounding environment and supplying that information as detection data.

[0426] Specifically, it detects illuminance sensors, imaging devices, posture detection devices, pressure sensors, and human presence sensors. It can be used in part 5250.

[0427] The communication unit 5290 has the function of receiving and supplying communication information. For example, wireless It has the function of connecting to other electronic devices or communication networks via communication or wired communication. It has functions such as wireless local area communication, telephone communication, and short-range wireless communication.

[0428] Figure 17(B) shows an electronic device with an external shape that follows a cylindrical column or the like. As an example, Examples include digital signage. One embodiment of the present invention is a display panel, which includes a display unit 523 It can be applied to 0. Furthermore, there is a function to change the display method according to the illumination level of the usage environment. It would be good to have it. It also has a function to detect the presence of a person and change the displayed content. Therefore, for example, it can be installed on the pillars of a building. Or, it can be used to display advertisements or information. It is possible.

[0429] Figure 17(C) shows a function that generates image information based on the trajectory of the pointer used by the user. This refers to the electronic devices that are present. Examples include electronic whiteboards, electronic bulletin boards, and electronic signs. Specifically, the diagonal length is 20 inches or more, preferably 40 inches or more, more preferably A display panel of 55 inches or larger can be used. Alternatively, multiple display panels can be arranged side by side. It can be used in a single display area. Alternatively, multiple display panels can be arranged side by side for multi-screen display. It can be used in a lean environment.

[0430] Figure 17(D) shows that information can be received from other devices and displayed on the display unit 5230. This refers to electronic devices. Examples include wearable electronic devices. Specifically, It can display several options, or the user can select some of the options, and then... You can reply to the sender of the information. Or, for example, depending on the illumination of the environment, the display method It has the ability to change laws. This allows, for example, the power consumption of wearable electronic devices to change It can be reduced. Alternatively, it is suitable even in environments with strong ambient light, such as outdoors on a sunny day. Images can be displayed on wearable electronic devices for use in various applications.

[0431] Figure 17(E) shows a display unit 5230 having a curved surface that gently curves along the side of the housing. This refers to electronic devices. One example is a mobile phone. Note that the display unit 5230 is a display. It is equipped with a display panel, and the display panel displays functions, for example, on the front, side, top, and back. It has. This allows information to be displayed not only on the front of the mobile phone, but also on the sides, top, and back. It can display.

[0432] Figure 18(A) shows that information is received from the internet and displayed on the display unit 5230. This indicates the electronic devices that can be used. One example is a smartphone. For example, create The message can be viewed on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, the created message can be viewed on the display unit 5230. It can be transmitted to other devices. Or, for example, the display method can be changed according to the illumination level of the usage environment. It has the function of reducing the power consumption of smartphones. For example, the image is displayed so that it can be used effectively even in environments with strong sunlight, such as outdoors on a sunny day. This can be displayed on the display unit 5230.

[0433] Figure 18(B) shows an electronic device in which the remote controller can be used as the input unit 5240. This indicates a television system, for example. Information can be received from the internet and displayed on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, it can be detected. The user can be photographed using the 5250 unit. Alternatively, the user's video can be transmitted. The user's viewing history can be obtained and provided to the cloud service. Alternatively, the cloud... The service can retrieve recommendation information and display it on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, the record Based on maintenance information, programs or videos can be displayed. Or, for example, the illumination of the usage environment. It has a function to change the display method accordingly. This allows for the strong sunlight that shines into the room on a sunny day. The image can be displayed on the display unit 5230 so that it can be used effectively even when exposed to ambient light. Cut.

[0434] Figure 18(C) shows that educational materials are received from the internet and displayed on the display unit 5230. This section shows the electronic devices that can be used. One example is a tablet computer. Input section You can use 5240 to enter a report and send it to the internet. The report correction results or evaluations are obtained from the cloud service, and the display unit 5230 It can be displayed. Alternatively, based on the evaluation, suitable teaching materials can be selected and displayed. It is possible.

[0435] For example, it can receive image signals from other electronic devices and display them on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, the display unit 5230 can be used as a sub-display by propping it up on a stand or similar device. This is possible. For example, it can be used effectively even in environments with strong sunlight, such as outdoors on a sunny day. The image can be displayed on the display unit 5230.

[0436] Figure 18(D) shows an electronic device having multiple display units 5230. As an example, a digital Cameras are one example. For instance, the detection unit 5250 captures images while displaying them on the display unit 5230. It is possible to do so. Alternatively, the captured video can be displayed on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, the captured video can be embellished using the input unit 5240. Messages can be attached. Or, they can be sent over the internet. Or, depending on the environment of use It has a function to change the shooting conditions depending on the temperature. This allows for, for example, shooting outdoors on a sunny day. To ensure optimal viewing even in brightly lit environments, the subject is displayed on the display unit 5230. It is possible.

[0437] Figure 18(E) shows a configuration where other electronic devices are used as slaves and the electronic device of this embodiment is used as the master. This refers to an electronic device that can be used to control other electronic devices. One example is a portable electronic device. Examples include personal computers. For example, displaying a portion of the image information on the display unit 5230. It can display the image information, and other parts of the image information can be displayed on the display unit of another electronic device. Or, It can supply an image signal. Alternatively, it can use the communication unit 5290 to input other electronic devices. Information to be written can be obtained from the power unit. This allows for, for example, a portable personal computer. By using a monitor, a wider display area can be utilized.

[0438] Figure 19(A) shows an electronic device having a detection unit 5250 that detects acceleration or orientation. One example is a goggle-type electronic device. The detection unit 5250 detects the user's position. Alternatively, it can provide information relating to the direction the user is facing. Or, electronic devices can Based on the user's position or the direction the user is facing, image information for the right eye and the left eye Image information for use can be generated. Alternatively, the display unit 5230 can display an area for the right eye. It has a display area for the left eye. This allows for, for example, an immersive virtual reality space. The video can be displayed on the display unit 5230.

[0439] Figure 19(B) shows an electronic device having an imaging device and a detection unit 5250 for detecting acceleration or orientation. This indicates a device. One example is a pair of glasses-shaped electronic devices. The detection unit 5250 is used It can supply information relating to the person's location or the direction the user is facing. Or, The sub-device generates image information based on the user's location or the direction the user is facing. This makes it possible, for example, to attach and display information to a real-world landscape. Alternatively, images from an augmented reality space can be displayed on electronic devices in the form of glasses.

[0440] This embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments shown herein. .

[0441] (Embodiment 6) In this embodiment, the configuration uses the light-emitting device described in Embodiment 2 as an illumination device. This will be explained with reference to Figure 20. Note that Figure 20(A) is above the lighting device shown in Figure 20(B). This is a cross-sectional view of line segment ef in the plan view.

[0442] The lighting device in this embodiment has a light-transmitting substrate 400 which is a support, and a first An electrode 401 is formed. The first electrode 401 is the first electrode 10 in Embodiment 2. This corresponds to 1. When light is extracted from the first electrode 401 side, the first electrode 401 is light-transmitting. It is formed from a material having [a certain characteristic].

[0443] A pad 412 for supplying voltage to the second electrode 404 is formed on the substrate 400.

[0444] An EL layer 403 is formed on the first electrode 401. The EL layer 403 is in Embodiment 2. Configuration of EL layer 103 in, or EL layers 103a, 103b, 103c and charge generation layer 1 This corresponds to a configuration that combines 06 (106a, 106b), etc. Please refer to the relevant description.

[0445] The EL layer 403 is covered to form the second electrode 404. The second electrode 404 is in Embodiment 2. This corresponds to the second electrode 102. When light emission is taken from the first electrode 401 side, the second The electrode 404 is formed of a highly reflective material. The second electrode 404 is pad 412 Voltage is supplied by connecting it to it.

[0446] The above describes a light-emitting device having a first electrode 401, an EL layer 403, and a second electrode 404. The lighting device shown in this embodiment has a light-emitting device with high luminous efficiency. Since it is a chair, the lighting device in this embodiment is a lighting device with low power consumption. It is possible.

[0447] The substrate 400 on which the light-emitting device having the above configuration is formed and the sealing substrate 407 are sealed The lighting device is completed by fixing and sealing it using materials 405 and 406. Either 405 or 406 is acceptable. Also, the inner sealing material 406 (Figure 20( In B), a desiccant can be mixed in (not shown), which allows it to absorb moisture. This can lead to improved reliability.

[0448] Furthermore, the pad 412 and a portion of the first electrode 401 are extended outside the sealing materials 405 and 406. By providing it, it can be used as an external input terminal. Also, a converter can be placed on top of it. An IC chip 420 or similar, which incorporates such features, may also be provided.

[0449] (Embodiment 7) In this embodiment, a light-emitting device, or a light-emitting device that is a part thereof, is an embodiment of the present invention. An example of an application of a lighting device manufactured using this method will be explained with reference to Figure 21.

[0450] It can be used as an indoor lighting device, specifically as the 8001 ceiling light. The To8001 comes in various types, including ceiling-mounted and ceiling-recessed. It is constructed by combining a light-emitting device with a housing or cover. It can also be applied to pendant-type lights (hanging from the ceiling with a cord).

[0451] Furthermore, the footlight 8002 illuminates the floor surface, enhancing safety underfoot. For example, it is effective to use it in bedrooms, stairwells, and hallways. In that case, the size of the room The size and shape can be changed as appropriate depending on the structure. Also, the light-emitting device and support base. It is also possible to create a stationary lighting device by combining these elements.

[0452] Furthermore, the sheet-type lighting 8003 is a thin, sheet-type lighting device. It can be attached to a wall surface. Because it is used in a small space, it can be used for a wide range of applications. Furthermore, it can be easily scaled up to cover a large area. It can also be used on curved walls or enclosures.

[0453] Furthermore, a lighting device 8004 in which the light from the light source is controlled to be directed only in a desired direction can also be used. ru.

[0454] Furthermore, the desk lamp 8005 has a light source 8006, and the light source 8006 is the present invention. One embodiment of a light-emitting device, or a light-emitting device that is a part thereof, can be applied.

[0455] In addition to the above, a light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention may be installed in some of the furniture in the room, By applying a light-emitting device, which is part of it, a lighting fixture that also functions as furniture can be created. can be provided.

[0456] As described above, various lighting devices to which the light-emitting device is applied can be obtained. Note that these lighting devices are included in one aspect of the present invention.

[0457] Further, the structure described in this embodiment can be combined as appropriate with any of the structures described in other embodiments and used. EXAMPLE

[0458] <<Synthesis Example 1>> In this example, an organic compound represented by the structural formula (137) in Embodiment 1, 2- 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl)phenyl}-5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phen yl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: mmtBuPh-mP mPTzn) is described. The structure of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn is shown below.

[0459] Chemical formula

[0460] <Synthesis of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn> Into a three-necked flask were placed 4.0 g (6.4 mmol) of 2-{3-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4,4, 5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl}-4,6 -diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 0.93 g (5.8 mmol) of 5-bromopyrimi dine, 32 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF), and 9 mL of a 2 mol / L aqueous tripotassium phosphate solution were added, followed by degassing. Then, 13 mg (0.058 mmol) of palladium(II) acetate mg (0.058 mmol), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-tri Add 56 mg (0.12 mmol) of lysopropyl biphenyl (XPhos) and heat at 65°C. The mixture was heated for 22 hours. After the reaction was complete, the reaction solution was filtered and the filtrate was collected. Extraction was performed, and the organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate. This mixture was obtained by natural filtration. The filtrate was concentrated to obtain a brown oil. This was then used as the developing solvent in a ethyl acetate:hexane ratio of 1:5. The resulting solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain a pale yellow solid. The body was subjected to silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate:toluene = 1:5 as the developing solvent. The solid was purified again using a fluorine solution to obtain a white to pale yellow solid. This solid was then recrystallized using toluene / ethanol. Then, 2.9 g of the target white solid (yield: 86%) was obtained. The synthesis scheme is shown in formula (a-1) below. This will be shown.

[0461] [ka]

[0462] The obtained solid (2.9 g) was purified by sublimation using the train sublimation method. The conditions were as follows: Under a pressure of 6.0 Pa and while flowing argon gas, the temperature was raised to 235°C for 17 hours, and then to 240°C for 7.5 hours. Next, the solid was heated at 245°C for 16.5 hours. After sublimation purification, the target product was obtained as a white solid. 7g was obtained with a recovery rate of 92%.

[0463] Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the white solid obtained above ( 1 The results of the analysis (H-NMR) are shown below. As shown below, in this embodiment, the present invention represented by the above-mentioned structural formula (137) is It was found that an organic compound, mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn, which is one embodiment of this compound, was obtained. .

[0464] 1 H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ=1.45(s,18H),7.57- 7.67(m,9H),7.99(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.80(dd,J= 7.7Hz,1.7Hz,4H),8.96(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),9.09( t,J=1.5Hz,1H),9.19(s,2H),9.32(s,1H).

[0465] Next, the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the obtained organic compound in dichloromethane solution (hereinafter simply The absorption spectrum was measured. The measurement of the absorption spectrum involved using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers. Measurements were performed at room temperature using a meter (V550 model, manufactured by JASCO Corporation). A measuring cell was also used. A quartz cell was used. The measured absorption spectra obtained are shown in Figure 22. The horizontal axis represents wavelength. The vertical axis represents the absorption intensity. Figure 22 shows the absorption of a dichloromethane solution measured in a quartz cell. From the absorption spectrum, the absorption spectrum measured with only dichloromethane placed in a quartz cell was used as the difference. This shows the result after subtraction.

[0466] Figure 22 shows an absorption peak at 268 nm, and in the visible region from 440 nm to 700 nm. It was found that there was no absorption in the following range.

[0467] Next, the obtained organic compounds were subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. (Low-scale Mass Spectrometry (LC / MS analysis)) Therefore, mass (MS) analysis was performed.

[0468] LC / MS analysis is a method of separating liquid chromatography (LC) using Thermo Fisher Science. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is performed using the UltiMate3000 from TIFIC. The procedure was performed using a Q Exactive device manufactured by Scher Scientific.

[0469] LC separation is performed using any column at a column temperature of 40°C, with appropriate solvent selection for the liquid delivery conditions. The sample was prepared by dissolving an organic compound of any concentration in an organic solvent, and the injection volume was 5.0 μl. Let's call it L.

[0470] Parallel Reaction Monitoring According to the PRM method, the Exact Mass of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn is m MS with / z=575.30 2 Measurements were taken. The PRM setting was the mass of the target ion. The range is set to m / z = 575.30 ± 2.0 (isolation window = 4), Detection was performed in positive mode. Energy to accelerate target ions within the collision cell Let's set the Normalized Collision Energy (NCE) to 60. The measurement was performed. The obtained MS spectrum is shown in Figure 23.

[0471] Fragment ions with m / z = 104.05 and m / z = 370.23 were detected. These are one of the substituents bonded to triazine and the carbon and nitrogen derived from triazine. It is thought to be a fragment composed of and . For example, m / z=104.05 is It is a fragment in which one carbon and one nitrogen derived from triazine are bonded to a phenyl group. It is possible. Also, m / z=370.23 is derived from triazine in substituents other than the phenyl group. These fragments are thought to be fragments in which one carbon and one nitrogen are bonded together. This can be considered one of the characteristics of compounds that have a triazine skeleton.

[0472] The results in Figure 23 confirm that the target product, mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn, was obtained. .

[0473] Furthermore, Figure 24 shows the refractive index of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn using a spectroscopic ellipsometer (Ge). The results of measurements using the M-2000U (manufactured by A. Woolam Japan Co., Ltd.) are shown below. For this, a film was used in which each layer of material was deposited on a quartz substrate by vacuum deposition, with a thickness of approximately 50 nm. Oh, the diagram shows n, Ordinary, which is the refractive index of ordinary light, and n, Ordinary, which is the refractive index of extraordinary light. I have included the term "Extraordinary."

[0474] From Figure 24, mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn is in the blue emission region (455nm and above, 465nm and above). The refractive index is 1.65 throughout the entire region (below m), and is in the range of 1.50 to 1.75. Furthermore, the ordinary refractive index at 633 nm is 1.61, which falls within the range of 1.45 to 1.70. It was found to be a material with a low refractive index, located within the enclosure. [Examples]

[0475] ≪Synthesis Example 2≫ In this example, the organic compound shown as structural formula (154) in Embodiment 1, 2-[ 3-{(3,5-di-tert-butyl)phenyl}-5-(pyrazine-2-yl)phenyl [nyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: mmtBuPh-mPr The synthesis method of PTzn will be explained. The structure of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn is as follows: This will be shown.

[0476] [ka]

[0477] <Synthesis of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn> Into a three-necked flask, 4.0 g (6.4 mmol) of 2-{3-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4,4, 5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl}-4,6 -diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 0 .67 g (5.8 mmol) of chloropyrazine, 1.6 g (12 mmol) of potassium carbonate, 30 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 15 mL of water were added, followed by degassing. Further, 0.13 g (0.12 mmol) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphi ne)palladium(0) was added, and the mixture was heated at 65°C for 14 hours . After completion of the reaction, extraction was performed with toluene, and the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate . The filtrate obtained by gravity filtration of this mixture was concentrated to give a brown solid. This solid was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel using a developing solvent with polarity gradually changed from toluene only to toluene:ethyl acetate = 100:1 to 10:1 for purification, to obtain a white to pale yellow solid . The obtained solid was purified again by silica gel column chromatography using toluene:ethyl acetate = 50:1 as a developing solvent to obtain a white solid. This solid was recrystallized from toluene / ethanol to obtain 3.0 g of the target white solid (yield: 90%). The synthesis scheme is shown in the following formula (b-1) below.

[0478]

Chemical Formula

[0479] 3.0 g of the obtained solid was purified by sublimation by the train sublimation method. Under the conditions of a pressure of 5.6 Pa, while flowing argon gas, the purification was carried out at 240°C for 23 hours, then at 245°C for 23 ​​The solid was heated for a period of time. After sublimation purification, 2.8 g of the target product was obtained as a white solid with a recovery rate of 94%.

[0480] Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the white solid obtained above ( 1 The results of the analysis (H-NMR) are shown below. As shown below, in this embodiment, the present invention represented by the above-mentioned structural formula (154) is It was found that an organic compound, mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn, which is one embodiment of this compound, was obtained. .

[0481] 1 H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ=1.45(s,18H),7.55- 7.66(m,9H),8.48(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.62(d,J=2 .7Hz,1H),8.76(t,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.82(dd,J=8. 0Hz,1.7Hz,4H),9.11(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),9.29(d, J=1.5Hz,1H),9.35(t,J=1.7Hz,1H).

[0482] Next, the absorption spectrum of the dichloromethane solution of the obtained organic compound was measured. For the measurement of the ketol, a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (V550 model, manufactured by JASCO Corporation) was used at room temperature. The measurement was performed using a quartz cell. The obtained absorption spectrum was... The measurement results are shown in Figure 25. The horizontal axis represents wavelength, and the vertical axis represents absorption intensity. Figure 25 shows dichlorometh From the absorption spectrum measured by placing the solution in a quartz cell, only dichloromethane was found in the quartz cell. This shows the result after subtracting the absorption spectrum measured by placing the device inside the device.

[0483] Next, the obtained organic compounds were subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. (Low-scale Mass Spectrometry (LC / MS analysis)) Therefore, mass (MS) analysis was performed.

[0484] LC / MS analysis is a method of separating liquid chromatography (LC) using Thermo Fisher Science. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is performed using the UltiMate3000 from TIFIC. The procedure was performed using a Q Exactive device manufactured by Scher Scientific.

[0485] LC separation is performed using any column at a column temperature of 40°C, with appropriate solvent selection for the liquid delivery conditions. The sample was prepared by dissolving mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn at any concentration in an organic solvent. The injection volume was set at 5.0 μL.

[0486] The PRM method determines the exact mass of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn in m / z MS = 575.30 2 Measurements were taken. The PRM setting was the mass range of the target ion. The detection was performed with m / z = 575.30 ± 2.0 (isolation window = 4). This was done in positive mode. Energy to accelerate target ions within the collision cell. - Measured with NCE (Normalized Collision Energy) set to 50 Confirmed. MS 2 The MS spectrum obtained from the measurement is shown in Figure 26.

[0487] Fragment ions with m / z = 104.05 and m / z = 370.23 were detected. These are formed by one of the substituents bonded to triazine and the carbon and nitrogen atoms derived from triazine. It is thought to be a constituent fragment. For example, m / z=104.05 is fe It is thought to be a fragment in which one carbon and one nitrogen derived from triazine are bonded to the nyl group. It can be done. Also, m / z=370.23 has a carbon derived from triazine in substituents other than the phenyl group. These fragments are thought to be fragments to which one nitrogen atom is bonded. This can be considered one of the characteristics of compounds that have a triazine skeleton.

[0488] The results in Figure 26 confirm that the target product, mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn, was obtained. .

[0489] Furthermore, Figure 27 shows the refractive index of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn using a spectroscopic ellipsometer (Ge The results of measurements using the M-2000U (manufactured by A. Woolam Japan Co., Ltd.) are shown below. For this, a film was used in which each layer of material was deposited on a quartz substrate by vacuum deposition, with a thickness of approximately 50 nm. Oh, the diagram shows n, Ordinary, which is the refractive index of ordinary light, and n, Ordinary, which is the refractive index of extraordinary light. I have included the term "Extraordinary."

[0490] From Figure 27, mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn emits blue light in the blue emission region (455nm and above, 465nm and above). The refractive index is 1.66 throughout the entire region (below m), and is in the range of 1.50 to 1.75. Furthermore, the ordinary refractive index at 633 nm is 1.62, which falls within the range of 1.45 to 1.70. It was found to be a material with a low refractive index, located within the enclosure. [Examples]

[0491] In this embodiment, the light-emitting device 1 and comparative light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention described in the embodiment Vice 1 will now be explained. The structural formulas of the organic compounds used in this example are shown below.

[0492] [ka]

[0493] (Method for fabricating light-emitting device 1) First, on a glass substrate, indium tin oxide (ITSO) containing silicon oxide is used as a transparent electrode. The first electrode 101 was formed by depositing a film with a thickness of 70 nm using the sputtering method. Oh, the electrode area is 4mm². 2 (2mm x 2mm)

[0494] Next, as a pretreatment for forming a light-emitting device on the substrate, the substrate surface is washed with water, and 2 After firing at 0°C for 1 hour, UV ozone treatment was performed for 370 seconds.

[0495] Then, 10 -4 A substrate is introduced into a vacuum deposition apparatus where the internal pressure is reduced to approximately Pa, and then vacuum deposition is performed. After vacuum firing at 170°C for 30 minutes in the heating chamber of the apparatus, the substrate is left for approximately 30 minutes. It was allowed to cool.

[0496] Next, the first electrode 101 is formed such that the surface on which the first electrode 101 is formed faces downwards. The prepared substrate is fixed to a substrate holder provided inside the vacuum deposition apparatus, and on the first electrode 101, N-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-N, represented by the above structural formula (i), obtained by vapor deposition. -[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]-9,9-dimethicone Lu-9H-fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBBiF) has a molecular weight of 672 and contains fluorine. The electronic acceptor material (OCHD-003) and PCBB are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:0.05. A hole injection layer 111 was formed by co-depositing 10 nm of material so that iF:OCHD-003) .

[0497] A hole transport layer 112 was formed by depositing 20 nm of PCBBiF onto the hole injection layer 111.

[0498] Next, on the hole transport layer 112, N-[4-(9H-carbazol, represented by structural formula (ii)) is added. [4-(4-dibenzofuranyl)phenyl]-N-[1, 1':4',1''-Terphenyl]-4-amine (abbreviation: YGTPDBfB) film thickness 1 An electron-blocking layer was formed by depositing a material to a wavelength of 0 nm.

[0499] Subsequently, 2-(10-phenyl-9-anthracenyl)-be, represented by structural formula (iii), Nzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan (abbreviation: Bnf(II)PhA) and structural formula (i v) 3,10-bis[N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-2-yl) -N-phenylamino]naphtho[2,3-b;6,7-b']bisbenzofuran (abbreviation: 3.10PCA2Nbf(IV)-02) and Bnf(I) are used in a weight ratio of 1:0.015 (=Bnf(I I) PhA:3,10PCA2Nbf(IV)-02) Co-deposit 25nm A light-emitting layer 113 was formed.

[0500] Next, the structural formula (v) represents 2-{(3',5'-di-tert-butyl)-1,1' -Biphenyl-3-yl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: mm After depositing tBumBPTzn to a thickness of 10 nm to form a hole block layer, , an embodiment of the present invention described in Example 1, 2-[3-{(3,5-di-tert-b [Tyl)phenyl}-5-(pyrimidine-5-yl)phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1 ,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn) (structural formula (100)) And, represented by structural formula (vi), 6-methyl-8-quinolinolato-lithium (abbreviated as Li- 6mq) and 6mq are in a weight ratio of 1:1 (=mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn:Li-6mq) To achieve this, an electron transport layer 114 was formed by co-depositing at a 20nm depth.

[0501] After the formation of the electron trans...

Claims

[Claim 1] An organic compound represented by the general formula (G1). 【Chemistry 1】 (In the formula, Q １ ~Q ３ Two or three of them represent N, and Q １ ~Q ３ If two of them are N, the remaining one represents CH. ０ R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group represented by formula (G1-1). １ ~R １５ At least one of the groups is a substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, and the others each independently represent hydrogen, a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. If the C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming the ring has substituents, the substituent is one of a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, an unsubstituted C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a ring substituted with a C1 to C6 alkyl group or a C3 to C10 alicyclic group. The substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group has one or more substituents when it is substituted, and each substituent is independently one of a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a ring-forming C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a pyridinyl group. The organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1) has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from branched alkyl groups having 3 to 5 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the ratio of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is 20% to 50%.

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