Systems and methods for measuring, learning, and using the emergent properties of complex adaptive systems.

Abstract

To provide a system and method for understanding the functions of complex adaptive systems more accurately, more readily available, more scalable, and more easily. [Solution] The measurements are used for pre-symptomatic detection and prevention of disease states in a biological system. The system has a wearable device that measures a series of water-related metrics substantially simultaneously as a function of time at multiple sites in a biological system, and uses a scalable technology platform to identify, determine and / or predict health states, including the health capacity of the biological system, by comparing a series of data across multiple systems with a training dataset and utilizing machine-readable instructions, and to generate recommendations, including changes or nutrition, sleep, physical or mental inputs, to improve the health of the biological system.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] [Cross-reference of related applications] This application was filed on April 29, 2021, under 35 United States Code § 119(e). The patent application for "System and method for measuring, learning, and using the emergent properties of complex adaptive systems" was filed. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 181,913, dated October 1, 2020, for the invention titled "The Law" The patent application filed on the 2nd, "System for measuring, learning, and using the emergent properties of complex adaptive systems and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 090,610, August 2020, for the invention titled "Method of [unclear]". A patent application filed on the 28th entitled "A system for measuring, learning, and using the emergent properties of complex adaptive systems." U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 071,989, with the title of the invention "and method", and 202 The patent application filed on August 28, 2000, for "Measuring, Learning, and Using the Emergent Properties of Complex Adaptive Systems" Priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 071,982, with the title of the invention "System and Method" To assert the interest in rights. Each of these prior applications, by reference herein, The entirety of that is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] [Disclosure Technology Fields] The technologies disclosed generally relate to complex adaptive systems, such as biological systems, organisms, or, for example, A system for obtaining measurements of emergent properties of non-biological systems, such as primitive cells. The disclosed technologies relate to devices and methods. Furthermore, the disclosed technologies generally relate to, for example, biological systems, e.g. For example, one or more disease conditions in living organisms such as humans, for example, pathogens (e.g., viral, serotonin Identifying or diagnosing a bacterial infection, including pre-symptomatic diagnosis, or, for example, To measure, evaluate, and regulate primitive cells used in industrial manufacturing, biological systems Or relating to the use of such measurements to quantify the state or characteristics of a non-biological system. The devices, systems, and methods described include characteristics generally referred to as “health capabilities.” Measurement, evaluation, learning, and use of the state or characteristics of biological or non-biological systems, as well as disease. This enables actions against such conditions or characteristics, including preventing, treating, or addressing the condition. Furthermore, the disclosed technology generally involves wearable, implantable devices for obtaining measurements. Devices that have been implanted, embedded, or linked, as well as biological systems, such as human. To predict the state or characteristics of living organisms, etc., measurements from one or more devices are used. A schedule for manipulating data, including functions such as aggregation, storage, distribution, analysis, and use. Regarding a versatile technology platform. [Background technology]

[0003] [Explanation of related technologies] Current methods for problem-solving in biological sciences are often "precision biologics." It is a bottom-up approach called "G." Precision biology is the most... In generalized forms, the function is attributed to the parts, and the detailed measurement of the biological parts and the mechanics It connects the learning process ("Omics"). Furthermore, this method is particularly useful for discovering medical solutions. When applied to development and delivery, it is often also called "precision medicine." .

[0004] Precision biology is a field where knowledge gaps stem from a lack of understanding of "parts." This is based on the idea that detailed measurements and analyses will fill these knowledge gaps. For example, a fundamental tool in modern biological science is carbon-containing molecules, and other major atoms bonded together. is organic chemistry, the study of carbon. This is because, at least in part, genes, signa ling, and structural molecules in biological systems are mostly composed of carbon atoms. Theref ore, the methodology of precision biology attempts to quantify these organic chemical propert ies in further detail, thereby attempting to predict function and functions. However, the art generally does not recognize that many characteristics of biological systems are not suitable for the methodology of precision biology. One such example where the methodology of precisio n biology is insufficient lies in the measurement and prediction of emergent properties of complex adaptive (biological) systems. Emergent properties are properties of a system that are not found in the parts, or cannot be easily inferred from a detailed list or analysis of the parts included in the system. The methods of precision biology, which have today advanc ed to the methodological level, have a blind spot regarding emergent properties, and this bl

[0005] ind substantially limits progress in the fields of biology and medicine. All past and curren t understandings of biological systems, and how to monitor them to maintain or improve healt h, neither render the systems, methods and uses of the presently claimed technology predicta ble nor obvious, and from a historical perspective, various advantages of the presently clai

[0006] med technology have been elucidated. Measurement of human biological systems to understand th e function of human biological systems can be traced all the way back to Hippocrates approx imately 450 BC. Hippocrates is credited with separating medicine from religion in the context of human biological systems, thereby establishing a physical foundation for measuring, dia gnosing diseases and developing prognosis. Human biology is not a religion, but a physical The view that life can be understood from the perspective of natural science, after approximately 2,400 years, progressed until the Industrial Revolution.

[0007] From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, biologists and chemists, benefiting from industrial progress, began to adopt methods and techniques similar to those successfully used in physics, engineering, and industry. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, these methods were expanded to the successful identification of vitamins, which are food-derived enzyme cofactors, the biological basis of viral and bacterial infections and the means to prevent them, namely vaccines and antibiotics, as well as DNA, the genetic material, and the successful identification of how genetic information encodes proteins. These advances contributed to the remarkable improvement of the understanding in biological sciences and medicine.

[0008] In the most general sense, the tools and reasoning that promoted industrialization were used at that time to solve biological problems and are still in use today. At the core of this reasoning is a form of reductionism, exemplified in the scientific method by the generalized hypothesis of "which part gives rise to which function".

[0009] A precise approach to learning is most predictable when a simple and ordered relationship exists between a part and its function. Such examples may include a bicycle tire in a non-biological system, or genes and proteins important for energy synthesis and life itself in a biological system. In these cases, it can be expected that the measurement of the tire or the gene correlates with the function of the system. In the approach of precision biology, in non-biological systems designed and engineered by humans, these systems by definition follow a 1:1 relationship between parts and functions, so the ​​​ It has the most positive predictive value. Also, in precision biology methods, the relationship between part and function It has a value in a biological system where a measurable relationship exists between them. In precision biology, a one-to-one relationship exists between a part and its function. If it is absent, the positive predictive value will be lost in the biological system. Between the part and its function. If there is no recognizable relationship between the parts, or two or more parts, Forming a new structure or function that cannot be easily predicted or recognized from parts alone. This is the case when one or more parts form a structure that does not exist in the parts alone. This characteristic, which is the ability to perform a function, is referred to as its "emergent structure or function" and collectively as its "emergent characteristic". It is "sex".

[0010] Current precision biologics for understanding the functions of biological and complex non-biological systems Gee's method uses these emergent properties to analyze complex, adaptable biological and non-biological systems. It is limited by the inability to measure, quantify, predict, adjust, maximize, design, and operate. These limitations are recognized at almost all levels of the biological system, including the biosphere itself. It can be done.

[0011] Precision biology approaches have limitations in understanding biological and human functions. There is a part-based method in which the function is organized and calculated from a self-contained part. This implicitly considers the biological system or humans as a collective entity. This embodies the methodology that preceded vitamins. This is because, today, the list of parts that contribute to the function is insufficient, resulting in skin It is also restricted to meat. Until relatively recently, precision biology methods in humans were It excluded approximately 1 to 10 trillion bacteria that make up the human microbiome. The approach of scientism biology is less critical of other parts and the overall context in which they exist. They are being viewed or excluded. Food may be an example. Human diets contain what are called phytonutrients. There are estimated to be over 30,000 low-molecular-weight plant-derived molecules, but these plant nutrients Only a fraction of the functions of the basic vitamins, less than 0.1%, are understood. Furthermore, precision Biological methods have underestimated the importance and significance of certain classifications of enzymes, and their The research priority has been lowered. This includes metabolic processes that interact with substances originating from the external environment. This may include, but is not limited to, enzymes such as oxidoreductases. When applied to medicine, the methodology of ology oversimplifies the complexity of biological systems. This is when the function of trying to understand disease is inherently emergent, and when diagnosing and treating disease There are extreme limitations in what can be developed.

[0012] Furthermore, precision biology methods are useful for understanding the health of species or species and resource collections. There are limitations. Precision biology methods are derived from the process of disease elimination. Health is considered as the absence of disease or the lack of disease. Today, human health is not a reality. This is a concept. This is not always true in many non-reductionist cultures. It is important to note that this is not limited to certain factors. Energy is an inherently emergent characteristic unrelated to disease. The concept of health as a state of well-being is common to many Eastern cultures and religions, and includes chakras and reflexes. Iki, prana, and qi were used in the West until around 400 BC, and more recently in the 1900s. As an artifact, it can be traced back. Health is essentially the basis of the function of a biological system. It is also called homeostasis. However, homeostasis is a precision biology. Interactions that do not exist in the method or are not recognized by precision biology methods Emergent properties are the complex interactions of many parts that generate transformable forms or functions. Precision biology approaches essentially involve the complex interactions between the internal and external environments. In open systems that depend on function, such as homeostasis (health), significant failures occur. As a result, disease The scale is used to determine a lack of health. The disease scale is essentially several Health is the resilience (adaptability) of a system, primarily expressed by its ability to sustain or acquire core functions. Alternatively, it may lag behind changes in "health capacity," making it an entirely inadequate substitute for health deficiencies. This is the result.

[0013] Furthermore, precision biology techniques are used in "genetic engineering" and industrial biology. There are limitations. Because there is no one-to-one relationship between genetic changes and the intended outcome, the intended result is Discontinuous (unhealthy) states that are contrary to new (synthetic) functions or survival rates frequently occur.

[0014] Furthermore, precision biology methods have limitations in their implementation. This is because... It requires extremely specialized and expensive equipment. Precision biology methods involve learning rates. There are also limitations. This results in an unmanageable number of false (positive) detections, and unexpected... The possibility of unintended consequences is underestimated. The cost, risk, and time of learning are also considered. The interval is extremely high, and the increasing E-room law applies. Law is limited by its invasiveness and ethical nature. Emergent characteristics are often external. While quantifiable, precision biology methods are typically unethical, harmful, Or involved in invasive testing or experimental euthanasia that could be lethal, all of which are frequent Furthermore, it reduces the practicality of obtaining sufficient measurements. Large sample size and actual human Without test data, it is impossible to obtain the statistical power necessary to distinguish a good hypothesis from a bad one. It is extremely difficult. This exacerbates the problem of false discoveries and generally lowers the learning rate in biological sciences. Further reduce. Precision biology approaches are human-centered in their approach to biological function. It is limited by its silence regarding its impact. This is related to the biological information that DNA is involved in. This is considered to include all of the above and to be more or less to have functions that occur immediately in stages. All of these have undergone significant changes over the past 100 years of the Anthropocene, including temperature. Interspecies / intraspecies dependencies, gravity, magnetic fields, ocean currents, population size, and other physical or biological information systems. This is not taken into consideration. Furthermore, precision biology methods have evidence to the contrary. Nevertheless, the "methodology" that "DNA is the basis of life" as "truth" It is limited by inference. Precision biology methods / methodologies have these limitations. Despite its limitations, this approach has been unilaterally continued as part of a series of "omics" revolutions. Since there can be countless sets of classifications for a part, methods based on parts are essentially inexhaustible. It is impossible to prove, and therefore impossible to falsify. The methodology of precision biology is such There is no way to prove that something is inherently wrong. This falsification implies that modern machines... Learning tools are making things even worse. Knowledge in precision biology methods The gap lies not in the methods themselves, but in the inadequacy of analytical methods for understanding the parts. It is currently speculated that machine learning tools can solve this problem using precision biology techniques. While it may be useful for simple problems, further analysis and data collection will reveal hidden aspects. This does not replace the need for new measurements that enable us to do so. Gee's method simply does not measure or recognize the emergent properties of biological systems that define the essence of life. That's it.

[0015] Therefore, it is necessary to understand the functions of complex adaptive systems, including biological and non-biological systems. By measuring and quantifying the emergent properties of physical systems, we can predict and optimize biological and non-biological systems. This is a new method that enables design and operation. This method is applicable to all biological and non-biological processes. "Knowledge integration (con)" takes into account the entirety of biological parts and systems and the emergent properties within them. It needs to be considered as part of the "silence" methodology.

[0016] The 2019 SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic, when applied to medicine, demonstrated precision. This highlights the shortcomings of existing biotechnological methods and the need for new approaches. In the field medicine approach, the disease status and immunity of infected individuals worldwide are assessed. We are trying to understand exactly whether or not this is the case. This is both impractical, slow, and costly. It takes time. What is needed is to measure changes in health, not disease, and to detect asymptomatic pathogens. It is an effective method to block and contain the spread of the virus. It maintains a healthy baseline, or homeostasis. Since it is an emergent property, the measurement of health is currently precision biology / precision This is overlooked and not achieved through conventional medicine methods.

[0017] The American Heart Association has stated that cardiopulmonary resilience (CRF) is an important marker of health, and that CR We express that F can be a clinically important overall metric for assessing health. For example, see Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2. CRF is used during physical activity. The circulatory and respiratory systems supply oxygen to skeletal muscle mitochondria for necessary energy production. It refers to the capacity of the organ system. CRF, for example, is measured via open-circuit spirometry during maximum motor activity testing. It can be estimated as the maximum oxygen uptake measured by [method]. However, CRF is [number] In that respect, it is an undesirable metric. For example, a device for measuring CRF is made of ware Rather than being a problem, CRF measurement and analysis are affected by delay time, and CRF monitoring continues It is not continuous. Furthermore, the cost of evaluating CRF can be high, and CRF indirectly affects metabolic health. It is a method of measurement that is not necessarily accurate, and the CRF measurement procedure requires skilled personnel. Medical professionals may be required. Therefore, CRF measurement is inaccurate and scalable. This is not always the case. As a result, CRF is a viable and easily available health indicator. It may be inappropriate for use. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0018] [Non-Patent Document 1] Ross, Robert et al., Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: a case for fitness as a clinical vital sign: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, Circulation, 134.24, 2016), e653-e699 [Non-Patent Document 2] Raghuveer, Geetha et al., Cardiorespiratory fitness in youth: an important marker of health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, Circulation, 142.7, 2020, e101-e118 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0019] To make the functions of complex adaptive systems more accurate, more accessible, more scalable, and easier to use. New systems and methods are needed to understand this. In theory, this will enable the prediction, optimization, design, and manipulation of biological and even non-biological systems. It is possible to consider all biological and non-biological parts and the entire system. [Means for solving the problem]

[0020] Using the characteristics of the “emergent whole” rather than the sum of its parts, biological systems This paper discloses a new method for measuring and characterizing biological systems to acquire their "emergent properties." The new method allows for the measurement of disease to be substantial and sustained or to obtain some core functions. This refers to the measurement of "health ability," which primarily represents the system's resilience (adaptability) as expressed by its ability to perform certain tasks. do.

[0021] Furthermore, the publication will also disclose new generation, analysis, and use of data related to the health capacity of biological systems. A new sensor for acquiring data related to the health capacity of biological systems, and the sensor Further combinations will be disclosed.

[0022] The role of organic chemistry or carbon chemistry in biological systems is particularly important for their selective chemical processes. The roles of hydrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen bonding in biological systems are being explored, but the role of hydrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen bonding in biological systems is not being investigated. No. Hydrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen bonds account for the majority of biological energy and entropy. Therefore, it is present in many biological systems that explain the majority of adaptations, but not in functional biological systems. hydrogen, oxygen, hydrogen-oxygen covalent bond, oxygen-oxygen covalent bond, hydrogen bond, and hydrogen and / or the properties, functions, variations, responses to stimuli, and other activities of other interactions involving oxygen. Gender roles and their impacts are not adequately addressed.

[0023] The properties of water and / or aqueous systems, as exemplified and described herein, are the functions of biological systems. And in improving the understanding of its properties, health, metabolism, homeostasis, stress, pre-inflammation, inflammation, Monitoring of specific characteristics of various organs, various systemic characteristics, infections, and / or disease states. Monitoring, evaluation, and regulation of biological systems, including assessment, research, maintenance, and regulation. The disclosed technology can be used to support methods in general. The disclosed technology is particularly useful for water and aqueous systems. There is a view that the components of a physical system exhibit various properties, including those detailed herein. It is based, at least partially, on that view and is involved in the useful application of that view. Such characteristics are, It may be directly or indirectly related to one or more states of a biological system.

[0024] In some embodiments of the disclosed technology, a measuring device or an array of measuring devices, and It provides a learning engine. These devices and arrays of devices generate data and then It may be designed and / or adapted to be used for quantifying the health capacity of a biological system. In certain preferred embodiments, health capacity is one or more unique properties of water or It is based on and / or a function thereof of emergent properties, and represents the function or disease state of a biological system. To predict, and / or to optimize, design, and operate biological or synthetic biological systems. It can be used to perform such measurement devices or arrays of measurement devices, and learning One example of the advantages of engines is that water is present in the ecosystem, allowing the ecosystem to adapt to environmental stress. The mode of formation is to form water, which self-organizes, dissipates heat, and quickly and complexly Because it possesses certain physical and chemical properties, including the ability to build a transmission network. This contributes to the ability of biological systems to adapt.

[0025] In some embodiments, the measuring device quantifies the health capacity of a biological system. The physical and chemical properties of water are measured directly or indirectly. In some embodiments, the measurement data The vice measures the thermodynamic, electrochemical, and structural properties of water. In some embodiments, The measuring device measures the emergent properties of water with a small number of ions, molecules, and components. In the application, the measurement is non-invasive. In some embodiments, the measurement is continuous. In some embodiments, the learning engine uses the baseline function of a biological system, or homeostasis. Sexual or physiological storage can be quantified. In some embodiments, the learning engine This allows for the detection of changes in baseline functionality. In some embodiments, the learning environment The jinn can maximize its functionality. In some embodiments, the learning engine is raw Physical and non-biological chemical systems can be designed and manipulated. In some embodiments, The learning engine can detect negative health indicators before it can detect standard clinical indicators of the disease. It is possible to detect the bending or weakness of. In some embodiments, the learning engine, When health interventions, such as changes in diet, exercise, sleep, or lifestyle, are applied, health Positive flexion or fitness in ability can be detected. In some embodiments, The learning engine can generate information useful for designing and operating biological systems.

[0026] The system quantifies the health capacity of biological systems and / or learns "health capacity rules". It is provided to measure the emergent factors of biological systems and the data measured based on these emergent factors. At least one sensor configured to generate data, and at least one sensor The system receives the measured data and quantifies the health capacity of the biological system based on the measured data. A processing system including a processor and interface for determining one or more factors The processor preferably follows one or more machine-readable instructions to process the health of the biological system. It can be configured to calculate solutions for maximizing health capacity. A biological system is a living organism , for example, it could be a human. The system communicates with the processing system and measures It may further include memory components for storing data. The measured data is used to monitor the health of the biological system. It can be a health metric. The processing system uses at least one sensor and reported emergent We will send the measured data as a data stream optimized for the characteristics of the factors. It may include multiple transmitters configured in such a way. The processor processes the disease state as it is before the onset of symptoms. It may be configured to detect. The processor preferably follows one or more machine-readable instructions. And, along with a set of health metrics reported from multiple other objects, a supervised learning algorithm It is configured to use a system to perform pre-symptomatic detection of disease states in biological systems. The disease state is For example, aging, sepsis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, nutritional deficiencies, cancer, lung disease, stroke, Alzheimer's disease The diagnosis is selected from Immer's disease, kidney disease, and infectious diseases, with infectious diseases being either bacterial or viral infections. Infections, such as respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections, liver infections, nervous system infections, and skin infections, or Coronavirus, for example, known as coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19. It can be caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens that lead to disease-related conditions. At least one sensor could be a temperature or heat flux sensor, a pressure sensor, a relative humidity sensor, or a light sensor. , and other devices that quantify biological work, such as redox sensors and electrochemical sensors. These may include structural sensors, tensile sensors, motion sensors, or combinations thereof. This can be multiple wearable devices or implantable devices. Interface The system can transmit measured data via wireless communication. In certain embodiments, the system It may generate an output that includes a solution to prevent the disease state, and may include the implementation of that solution. The system includes storage of measured data, access to measured data, and security configuration. An application program interface that controls user input and the output of arbitrary results. It may further include face controllers. For example, Figure 17 shows the "Digital Health Market" Therefore, how can the application program interface be used? Embodiments demonstrating this capability are shown. At least one of the measuring devices is a biological system, or a biological system. A physical system exists, and its thermal properties, work properties, or environmental properties are measured.

[0027] A specific system uses measured data, including heat flux data, based on an input training set. It can be configured to generate. In a particular system, at least one health ability is a base This can be considered a basal metabolic state, and at least one emergent factor is the temporal relationship between heat production and heat removal in the biological system. It is alignment. In a particular system, temporal alignment is in biological systems. It relates to at least one quasi-periodic rhythm, which is a circadian rhythm. In a given system, the processing system provides a temporal arrangement for the heat production and heat removal of the biological system. Automatically generates and outputs at least one metric for improving or adjusting performance. It may be configured such that the indicator includes actions such as changing clothes, entering a building, going outside, and eating certain foods. Actions that include drinking a specific beverage, performing a specific exercise, sleeping, or any combination thereof. It may suggest that at least one predetermined action will be performed, selected from the group The indicator is the uncoupling agent (sometimes called "uncoupler" or "decoupling agent"), One or more modifiers of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, modifiers of the transmembrane ion gradient, or any combination thereof. It may suggest automatically administering the appropriate amount, and the indicators can be used to manage circadian rhythms. The uncoupling agent inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotes and mitochondria. Alternatively, it is a molecule that inhibits photophosphorylation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. The offspring can transport photons through mitochondria and lipid membranes.

[0028] Furthermore, the method is provided to quantify the health capacity of biological systems, and less of the biological systems The process involves two steps: sensing one emergent factor and measuring with respect to at least one emergent factor. The steps involved in generating data and, based on the measured data, influencing the health capacity of the biological system. The method includes the step of determining one or more stimuli that give a result. These methods are also preferably It follows one or more machine-readable instructions to affect one or more vein punctures that affect the health capacity of a biological system. To generate solutions to maximize health capabilities by altering the intensity, and for organisms Implement the solution by modifying stimuli to increase the health capacity of the academic system. This may include, for example, sleep patterns, sleep duration, nutrition, exercise therapy, or The presence of a disease, for example, an infection, for example, a viral infection, for example, coronavirus disease 2019 or This is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which causes the disease known as COVID-19. Infection, selected from.

[0029] In a particular way, at least one health capacity is the basal metabolic state, and at least 1 One of the emergent factors is the temporal alignment of heat production and heat removal. At least one quasi-periodic rhythm in a physical system, which may be a circadian rhythm. This is to improve or regulate the temporal alignment of heat production and heat removal in biological systems. The process further includes the step of generating and outputting at least one metric, where the metric is changing clothes. Entering indoors, going outdoors, eating certain foods, drinking certain beverages, performing certain exercises, Alternatively, at least one predetermined action selected from a group of actions that include any combination thereof. To perform an action, or to improve the temporal alignment of heat production and heat removal in biological systems. It may suggest recommending at least one predetermined action to regulate or adjust the action It can manage circadian rhythms.

[0030] In other embodiments, the system determines the energy characteristics of a non-biological system, and The emergent factors of the system are measured, and data is generated based on these emergent factors. A system comprising at least one sensor and data measured from at least one sensor One or more systems that receive and measure data to quantify the energy balance of a non-biological system. A processing system including a processor and interface for determining the factors. Non-biological systems, for example, test interventions in real-world counterparts of modeled biological systems. It can be a model of a biological system that can be configured to manipulate changes. Non-biological systems are, for example, For example, it could be a synthetic system or an industrial system, and such a synthetic system or industrial system They can be configured to test and manipulate changes in synthetic or industrial systems. Furthermore, non-biological systems include encryption systems, ecosystems, and insurance premium setting systems. These can be spring-type systems, game systems, and biomimetic systems, and Each of them has at least one energy feature to optimize the operation of the non-biological system The system may be configured to use the following: In certain embodiments, the system may prevent disease conditions. It generates output containing a solution to do so, which may include the implementation of that solution. In this system, at least one energy is used to optimize the operation of the non-biological system. - It can be configured to use features and to perform such optimizations. . [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0031] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows the concept of health capacity graphically. [Figure 2] Figure 2 graphically shows that symptoms are late-stage indicators of health loss. [Figure 3] Figure 3 graphically demonstrates that energy measurements are an early indicator of health loss. [Figure 4] Figure 4 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a learning strategy that uses energy measurement and annotation to learn the rules of health ability. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the energy balance model in a Sankey diagram. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows an example of an embodiment of a device for measuring energy. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows a schematic example of an electronic device for measuring energy. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a device for measuring energy. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows a plan view of the holder for the device used to measure energy. [Figure 10] Figure 10 schematically illustrates an example of how a device for measuring energy may be directed or positioned within a system that stores, processes, communicates, analyzes, and displays data and information. [Figure 11] Figure 11 shows an example of an embodiment of the output from a device that measures energy, or "energy characteristics," when measured in humans over a 30-day period, plotted as a ΔT versus time graph. [Figure 12]Figure 12 shows an example of an embodiment of the output from a device measuring energy, or "energy characteristics," measured in a human over one day in the exploded view (bottom), as a ΔT vs. time graph plot, and an example of such an embodiment of the output measured in a human over 30 days in the reduced view (top). [Figure 13] Figure 13 shows the annotation of "energy characteristics" by "metabolic tasks" for "quantifying metabolism" as a graph plot of energy consumption versus time. [Figure 14] Figure 14 schematically illustrates an example of how a learning policy leads to an embodiment based on viewpoints. [Figure 15] Figures 15A and 15B schematically, graphically, and graphically illustrate specific embodiments of learning and value generation. Figure 15A specifically illustrates learning and value generation in human health, and Figure 15B specifically illustrates learning and value generation in human disease. [Figure 16] Figure 16 schematically illustrates an overview of the learning method and its generalized applications. [Figure 17] Figure 17 schematically illustrates an embodiment showing how an application program interface can be used to build a "digital health market." [Figure 18] Figure 18 schematically illustrates an embodiment that describes how the work sensor signal is used to correct the heat sensor signal and obtain the resting metabolic state. [Figure 19] Figure 19 shows an example of data measured in tracking heat generation and heat removal in the circadian rhythm cycle, which is generally referred to herein as "thermal adaptation." [Figure 20]Figure 20 shows that while there is variation in the details of circadian rhythms, all healthy individuals exhibit overall alignment between work and heat removal. It also shows that disease, injury, and aging can reduce the body's ability to remove heat, resulting in a heat backlog that can accumulate throughout the day, and that a metric called thermal alignment quantifies alignment / backlog and is highly sensitive to changes in health. [Figure 21] Figure 21 shows the thermal misalignment due to the thermal backlog in unhealthy subjects, compared to the thermal alignment in healthy subjects. [Figure 22] Figure 22 illustrates the effects of the treatment, showing the thermal backlog and the effects of the treatment on achieving thermal realignment in unhealthy subjects. [Figure 23] Figure 23 shows the correlation between treatments and improvements in activity, with reference to "thermal adaptation." [Figure 24] Figure 24 shows that "thermal adaptation" is a new scalable vital sign of energy metabolism. [Figure 25] Figure 25 shows the "thermal adaptation" between healthy and unhealthy subjects. [Figure 26] Figure 26 shows how the "thermal adaptation" index can be used for pre-symptomatic diagnosis and timely intervention. [Figure 27] Figure 27 shows an example of thermal characteristics in a healthy person, with data recorded over 48 hours. [Figure 28] Figure 28 shows an example of a decision support system that can be used in an embodiment that uses a work sensor signal to correct a thermal sensor signal and obtain a resting metabolic state, as shown in Figure 18. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0032] As mentioned above, the fundamental tools of modern biological science are carbon and its bonds with other major atoms. This is organic chemistry, a field of research that involves the genes and signals of living systems. This is because the ring and structural molecules are mostly made up of carbon atoms. However, carbon Atoms make up only about 12% of the human body, making them the third most abundant element. Carbon bonds are Despite their great diversity, carbon bonds are not the most abundant in the body, and in biology... It is not involved in the majority of energy transfer processes. On the other hand, biological systems The most abundant components in water are hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms are found in water, and And other major molecules (e.g., hydroxides, hydrogen ions, superoxides, hydronium) These hydrogen and oxygen-containing molecules constitute ions, hydrogen peroxide, trioxidanes, etc. This forms a vast network of constantly fluctuating hydrogen bonds, which pass through biological systems. It absorbs, retains, transmits, maintains equilibrium, moderates, and re-releases all of these energies. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms together make up over 85% of the human body, and all processes... To be involved in

[0033] The disclosed technology, in certain embodiments, uses water alone or in combination with other water molecules. Water, or oxygen or hydrogen and oxygen in ionic or radical forms, and these with carbon Or non-carbon substances, such as elements, ions, molecules, cofactors, minerals, salts, polymorphs, or Regarding combinations with mixtures, inherent or emergent, unrelated to origin, temporary or permanent, Direct or indirect measurement of thermodynamic, electrochemical, acoustic, structural, chemical, or biological properties. To provide. To refer to any of the aforementioned entities, either alone or in combination, of water and water. ,"water * The terms "Mercury Mark" and "Mercury Mark" are used.

[0034] The technology to be disclosed is water *In particular, as a component of biological systems, in contrast to other solvent systems, At least the following physical characteristics may be directly or indirectly related to one or more states or functions of the system It is based on the view that it indicates sex, and is involved in the useful application of that view. Water is all All biological systems at all scales (e.g., whole body, cells, tissues, organs, etc.) It is the central function of a scientific or physical process, and is related to water * The sufficient availability of, therefore Because it is important for the function of biological systems, at least the following operating characteristics of biological systems are quantified. To learn, * Select a sensor that directly and / or indirectly measures the characteristics of [the subject] and utilize [the function] It is useful to use it. 1. High heat capacity: Due to the relatively high heat capacity of water and aqueous systems, the internal environment of biological systems is thermally stable. This provides a qualitative assessment. On the other hand, other typical or common solvents have a heat capacity that is essentially half that of water. It has a heat capacity of less than 1 minute. 2. Incompressibility: The relative incompressibility of water and aqueous systems provides physical stability to biological systems. It provides a basis. On the other hand, other typical or common solvents are substantially more compressible. Therefore, it is susceptible to structural damage. 3. High thermal diffusivity: Water and aqueous systems have an unusually high thermal diffusivity compared to solids. This minimizes harmful internal temperature fluctuations around the active organelle. Therefore, other typical or common solvents are not very effective in energy distribution. This can result in a less efficient and larger temperature gradient around the metabolic center, potentially leading to structural degradation. It has a sex. 4. High infrared absorption bands: Metabolism involves carbon bonding in specific ways to construct organic structures. Fabricate and cut. The waste heat from these processes is absorbed by the broad infrared absorption band of water. It is efficiently captured. On the other hand, other typical or common solvents are substantially less heat-capturing. It is not very efficient. Furthermore, efficient heat capture is essential for the rapid dynamics of enzymes.

[0035] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the above water * Even if the characteristics are different from or related to them, Other waters that may be directly or indirectly related to one or more states of a biological system * The following characteristics exist: These other water * Some of its characteristics are described herein.

[0036] "Health capacity" as used herein includes a biological system, such as a living organism. This refers to the unique characteristics of emergent systems. For example, Figures 2 and 3 show how "health capacity" emerges. This indicates whether it can be assumed as a unique characteristic of the system. In the context of biology, health capacity is, for example, Efficacy of organisms that enables the sustainability, function, or health of a biological system or organism. It can be considered to be energy and information. When health capacity is high, the system, for example, adapts. to be, or more specifically, healthy, or even more specifically, free from disease or infection It can be determined that there is no such thing. If health capacity is low, the system is weak, or more specifically, diseased or susceptible to infection or injury, or more specifically, infected or diseased It may be determined that the disease is caused by a decline in health capacity, or by itself. Loss of bodily function can lead to a decline in health capacity.

[0037] Within the context of the technology being disclosed, water * To quantitatively understand the relationship between heat and emergent properties, The first law of thermodynamics can be applied to obtain the "energy balance" by adding up the work done. nergy consumption supports "metabolic tasks" that underpin health capacity, while energy ex pression in biology is largely embodied in wate * r. Specifically, the connection between wate * , emergent properties, and health capacity, as exemplified in Equation 1, lies in the ability of wate * r to maintain and utilize physicochemi cal gradients to perform work. Equation 1: Water * + Gradient = Work = Metabolic Task → Health Capacity

[0038] Accordingly, health capacity can be understood as being involved in work that performs metabolic tasks and therefore requires energy consumption. A stable source of free energy is required to maintain the balance of energy consumption. Biological systems store free energy in the form of physical and chemical gradients. The amount of available energy is proportional to the scale of the gradient and the kinetics of the processes that control gradient relaxation. Aqueous solutions have a unique ability to support a wide variety of gradient types (thermal, pH, osmotic, redox, etc.), and the transport properties of water allow regulation of the kinetics of energy release. Gradients in aqueous solutions are often stabilized at biological structures, membranes of cells and organelles, tissue and organ boundaries, and around the skin. In fact, due to structural motifs in biology (cells and fractalized conduits), gradients can be ubiquitous and internal rather than integral and external. Therefore, the function of organic chemistry can be considered as utilizing and optimizing the health capacity of organized gradients in aqueous solutions, and optimally distributing this capacity across biological systems. Nevertheless, health capacity arises from the unique property of aqueous solutions to retain and release energy stored in physicochemical gradients, and precedes organic matter in origin. This is a phenomenon, and is also possible. An example of a gradient in a biological system linked to health capacity is vasodilation. The temperature gradient of the skin surface, which can be adjusted by tension, enables metabolic flexibility and homeothermy. The proton gradient of the mitochondrial membrane, the primary power source of nuclear cells, and the distribution of nutrients and water The hydrostatic pressure / colloid osmotic pressure balance is a major factor in the distribution, as well as the circulatory / respiratory system. This includes the Bohr effect and the Haldane effect as volume-increasing factors.

[0039] Health capacity, in biological systems, generally involves heat transfer (especially heat removal), and heat transfer (especially heat removal) This can be understood through the interrelated roles that water plays in the periodicity of ). The techniques described relate to the unique characteristics of one or more biological systems or populations of living organisms, and therefore, This enables insights into the health capabilities of such biological systems. The aforementioned technology allows for, for example, absolute It is now possible to measure the emergent properties of heat removal, which are measured as either a value or a periodic value, or both. The absolute value of heat removal can indicate or reflect energy consumption. The absolute value of heat removal is The metabolic rate may be indicated or reflected. The periodicity of heat removal may provide further insights into health capacity. This can provide an opinion. The periodicity of heat removal is circadian periodic (i.e., a cycle of about 23 hours). It can be a cycle of about 25 hours, and can have shorter cycles than circadian rhythms (for example, about 1 2. It may be a cycle of approximately 14, 16, 18, or 20 hours, or, Longer intervals than circadian intervals (for example, every 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 days, weekly, or approximately) This can occur monthly or on the 28th (lunar or yearly cycle). Periodicity can function as a characteristic feature of a biological system that has a standard, acceptable level of health, or it can be a counter-characteristic. It can be reflected. Deviations from the allowable periodicity of the standard in heat capacity are below the standard or acceptable. It may indicate or reflect health capabilities that are not reflected.

[0040] Regarding health capacity, “pre-symptomatic disease” is defined as used herein in relation to environmental stress Some metabolic tasks that compensate for this deplete the body's health capacity, and the ultimate result is disease. This refers to the process of loss of function. This reduced health capacity is an abnormality related to compensation. It can be detected as energy consumption, or as a somewhat more general anomalous energy feature. Yes. Such low or reduced health status generally poses a high risk of functional loss. Not only due to stress, but more specifically, generally susceptible to illness or infection. The individual is exposed to the condition. Furthermore, the term "symptomatic disease" as used herein A state of functional impairment, or more specifically, a disease state, or an organism that is, for example, a viral pathogen This refers to a state of infection in the body. Current practices exemplified by precision medicine methodologies... The legal theory uses symptoms as indicators of disease (shown in Figures 1 and 2). The technology disclosed here This enables the assessment and improvement of health capacity, as well as the identification of pre-symptomatic changes in health capacity. Static or dynamic measurements to enable early detection of disease or, more specifically, infection. The measurement and evaluation of "health capacity" as a measure quantifies the more comprehensive health benefits exemplified by this measure. We provide systems, devices, and methods for doing so (for example, as shown in Figures 2 and 3). Learning using energy measurement and annotation to learn the rules of health performance. Figure 4 shows an embodiment of how the policy is described.

[0041] In one embodiment, health is defined as the ability of a biological system or organism to function without significant loss of function. It relates to the ability to adapt appropriately to various changes. Physiologists refer to this, for example, as physiological storage. As a form of sufficiency of stored energy, that is, when humans can respond actively to stress Health can be described as the ability to sustain. Another example is the energy required for sustained energy. Health can be described as the ability to take in, transform, and dissipate things. As another example, Cell biologists define a baseline state of homeostasis as a state in which a cell or tissue can self-regulate. Health can be described as the ability to do so. As another example, biochemists have found that important genes in biological function are important. Health can be described as the regulation of anabolic and catabolic reactions in the physiological network.

[0042] Each of these aforementioned perspectives or understandings of health is based on the work of physiologists, physicists, and cellular scientists. From the perspective of a biologist or biochemist, the disclosed technology is appropriate in that context and is relevant to the application of the technology. It contributes to the use of the technology disclosed. More specifically, the technology disclosed harmonizes the above-mentioned perspectives and understandings and contributes to the treatment of disease. Having no health problems and simultaneously possessing high health capabilities, that is, being functional and adaptable As part of this, a new conception of health is established. In one embodiment, health capacity is shown in Figure 1. As shown, health can be quantified by measuring the physical properties of homeostasis. This demonstrates that health is quantified as the health capacity of a biological system. Other embodiments include, for example, a set of metrics for the state of a biological system, including the health of the biological system. This concerns the development of technologies for accurate measurement. These technologies have sufficiently high resolution and can be used at any given time. Information is acquired and processed at an intermediate scale.

[0043] Other aspects of the disclosed technology include quantifying the emergent properties of biological systems and improving life. To automate new measures and metrics for the emergent properties of biological systems, and to achieve health. , develop action plans to maintain and promote new and accurate health data stories To enable faster learning of complex biology from the ground up, to facilitate the collection of health data in subjects, To enable analysis and decision support, and scalable solutions to disease-related obstacles. To develop, reduce false positives in diagnosis, and notify the cause of the disease. This includes, in some embodiments of the disclosed technology, the properties of biological systems and their physicochemical properties. These are measured. These characteristics capture the emergent properties of the biological system. In other embodiments, The technologies disclosed focus on emergent properties that create boundaries between physical and biological systems. Therefore, the disclosed technology is a synthetic biology and artificial biological system, for example, a primitive cell or It is applicable to industrial biological systems.

[0044] In another aspect, the disclosed technology is for measuring a set of health metrics from subjects. Regarding the method, in some embodiments, the method is related to the Internet of Things (IoT) It is incorporated into the architecture and infrastructure. In some embodiments, the method These measurements measure metabolic characteristics at the cellular scale. These measurements can be intermittent, periodic, or continuous. It may be. In some embodiments, the method sends a series of such metrics to the cloud Streaming to, applying machine learning to "quantification of metabolism", and disease symptoms The method further includes detecting the change before it occurs. In some embodiments, the method is rear The resolution and frequency required to measure the physiology and homeostasis of cells in real time, and the individual components of a biological system. The rational parameters are measured non-invasively. In some embodiments, the method measures the target of the measurement. Based on the physical properties, energy, and information of the subject, the subject relates to the homeostatic recovery capacity of the subject. To determine and quantify the amount known as health capacity.

[0045] The disclosed technology provides actionable information that enables the improvement of health capacity in biological systems. Provides. In a preferred embodiment, the individual has access to a place that was previously inaccessible. Gain access to metrics for your own health. Such potential allows for certain biological This allows us to observe the response of a specific stimulus in the system, and to anticipate future changes in stimuli or shadows. To enable resonance. For example, an individual or a healthcare worker can communicate with a biological system, such as the patient or the individual itself. The disclosed technologies may be used to alter the health of [person's] health. Determinants of sleep patterns and duration, nutrition (diet, supplements, medications, etc.), etc. (including), exercise (neuromuscular input, type, duration, cycle, etc.), and affecting health. This will allow for a better understanding of other factors that determine or hinder lifestyle habits (such as pollution). In a preferred embodiment, the disclosed technology enables an individual to enhance the health of their own body. This enables them to become effective agents.

[0046] The disclosed technology provides automated and automizable methods to address inefficiencies in healthcare. Addressing manual testing and interpretation, which are the main causes of sexual problems. Current medical testing is generally aggregated. These tests are automated, and the interpretation of such tests is generally done manually by healthcare professionals. Both of these tasks are costly and inefficient. The technology to be disclosed is related to health capabilities. This enables the digitization of health data related to the existing I The ability to apply all the benefits of the oT ecosystem and cloud computing. To drip.

[0047] The technologies being disclosed enable scientists and healthcare professionals to optimize health by improving health capabilities. This technology provides a system and method for doing so. This technology addresses the concept of health as something that is difficult to understand. Rather than including measurable tasks or targets that are quantified, concretized, or modularized, they include measurable tasks or targets. This makes it possible to view it as a system.

[0048] The disclosed technology enables the quantitative analysis of health as perceived in terms of health capacity, as well as circadian or other peripheral factors. This enables the detection of changes over time, including changes in the magnitude or frequency of the temporal component. The technology is not the current methodology that views a lack of health as the presence of a symptomatic disease, but rather Before the onset of disease, substantially continuous measurement of health, quantification of its decline, and detection of its changes are necessary. To provide. Therefore, the disclosed technology will enable individuals, public health and / or medical professionals to This aims to prevent the onset of disease, reduce disease rates, lower mortality rates, and reduce healthcare costs. Therefore, it becomes possible to take corrective actions using more accurate and reliable information.

[0049] Furthermore, the disclosed technology provides simple, fundamental, and convertible metrics for energy use. By using "energy features," the false positive rate of the discovery can be reduced. This will increase the efficiency of currently available precision medicine tools, thereby improving the effectiveness of eels. It is possible to reverse the tendency towards inefficiency caused by the Law of Ethics.

[0050] In some aspects, the disclosed technology quantifies complex adaptive biological and non-biological systems. To predict, regulate, maximize, design, and operate both biological and non-biological systems. Methods for obtaining physical, chemical, and biological measurements of emergent properties, and methods for measuring emergent properties. A system or technology platform for processing, storing, transmitting, analyzing, aggregating, distributing, and displaying data. Regarding forms.

[0051] In some embodiments, the biological system may be a eukaryote, prokaryote, or archaea, for example. Bacteria, gametes, or cells derived from red blood cells, white blood cells, tissues or organs, such as muscle cells. Cells, or simple or complex multicellular organisms, such as apples or humans, or Combined with manipulated cells and / or non-biological essential chemicals or energy sources. They could be a collection of those that form an interacting ecosystem.

[0052] In some embodiments, the non-biological system is similar to the biological system but lacks genetic material. In which are manipulated abiotic systems, i.e., primitive cells, or any other manipulated or biomimetic systems It may be a system designed based on, or a semi-synthetic system.

[0053] In some embodiments, the disclosed technology applies to biological and non-biological systems. The use of such scales to assess the state of their existence and their ability to sustain it. Furthermore, the ability of a biological or non-biological system to exist or survive is related to the "health" of the system. Regarding "ability".

[0054] The advantages of the disclosed technology are the ability to obtain sustained or some core functional capabilities. Physical, chemical, and biological properties related to resilience (adaptability) as primarily demonstrated by Based on the measurement of the meter, we quantify, predict, regulate, and maximize biological or non-biological systems. This includes the ability to operate and design.

[0055] In some embodiments, the disclosed technology involves physical, chemical, and biological parameters Regarding the technology platform and methods for obtaining wearable, embedded systems, This includes devices that are inserted, embedded, or connected. Then, they are used to quantify, predict, regulate, maximize, manipulate, and design biological systems. It can be stored, quantified, analyzed, aggregated, distributed, and displayed. Furthermore, the measure of health capacity is: Measurement technologies and learning platforms can quantify, predict, and regulate biological or non-biological systems. To improve the ability to maximize, manipulate, and design, other measures that are not of emergent properties are used. It can also be analyzed in combination with other methods.

[0056] In the case of single-celled eukaryotes, prokaryotes, or archaea, the disclosed technique is functionally determined. It can enable quantity, prediction, and maximization. For example, in the case of gametes, the disclosed technology can be used in vivo. This may enable the quantification of health capacity to maximize fertilization ability for in vitro fertilization. In fungi, yeast, or human cells, the disclosed technology is molecularly synthesized in the case of industrial or synthetic biology. It can be used to quantify the health capacity of individuals. In the case of non-pathogenic enterobacteria, the disclosed technology is Mike It can be used to maximize the lobiome's capabilities.

[0057] In the case of multicellular eukaryotes, the disclosed techniques enable the quantification, prediction, and maximization of function. It is possible to do so. For example, in humans, the disclosed technology can be used to measure and maximize health, as well as disease This may enable the diagnosis and / or pre-symptomatic diagnosis of the disease, as well as the design of methods for treating or preventing the disease. Diseases can be infectious, cancerous, toxic, iatrogenic, or metabolic, and the determinants of health are diet / Nutrition, sleep, exercise, neuromuscular activation, and lifestyle changes such as smoking, inactivity, and addiction. That's right.

[0058] In certain embodiments, the advantages of the disclosed technology are that in non-human multicellular eukaryotes Further applications can be included. For example, in agricultural systems, such as in the farming of plants and animals. In these biological systems, the disclosed technology maximizes the production of food substances. , and / or it may enable the reduction of abiotic or biological stress.

[0059] In certain embodiments, the advantages of the disclosed technology are the simple ecosystem of species and chemical resources Its applications in the field can be further included, for example, two or more species and one or more resources. In the biological system of origin, the techniques disclosed are the maximal of their mutual functional interdependence. It can enable transformation. For example, if one of the species is humans, technology can enable the functional parameters of humans. This enables the maximization of factors such as sleep, activity, physical or cognitive performance, and disease prevention. It is possible.

[0060] In certain embodiments, the advantages of the disclosed technology are its response in complex ecosystems. It can further include applications. For example, in biological systems of many species and many resources, The technologies disclosed may enable the maximization of their mutual interdependence in complex situations. If the system is a farm, the technology to be disclosed will be the function of the ecosystem, for example, maximizing sustainability. It can make transformation possible.

[0061] In certain embodiments, the advantages of the disclosed technology are related to synthetic biology, eukaryotic cells, and Its applications in prokaryotic cells can be further included. The disclosed technology is functional, for example, the synthesis of proteins, lipids, or small molecules, or non To maximize the ability to maintain survival under biological or biologically stressful conditions. This enables the design and operation of the device.

[0062] In certain embodiments, the advantages of the disclosed technology further expand its applications in biometrics. This can include, for example, the disclosed technology may be independent of or in combination with genetic material. Together, they can enable the identification of biological systems.

[0063] In certain embodiments, the advantages of the disclosed technology are its application in non-biological systems. It can also include the following. For example, the disclosed technology is similar to a biological system but lacks genetic material. This could enable the design and manipulation of abiotic systems, or "primitive cells." Cells can be used to learn and / or perform work, and work is not simply heat production. This can be understood as meaning output.

[0064] In a particular mechanism, the advantage of the disclosed technology is that it defines biological time, or "lifespan". Its applications in biological systems for quantification can be further included. For example, disclose The technology can be used to calculate the theoretical and actual lifespan of biological systems, function, or lifespan. It can be used in combination with the above-mentioned applications to maximize its potential.

[0065] In another embodiment, the disclosed technology includes an array of sensors that record health metrics. This relates to wearable devices. In some embodiments, the wearable device is Selected "energy characteristics" (e.g., shown in Figures 11 and 12) metrics in elephant health Continuously record a record or indicator. In some embodiments, the wearable device To capture emergent complexity at the cellular physiology scale. In some embodiments... Wearable devices require only low cost and low power consumption, and are easy to use and rear-facing. Enables continuous data acquisition in real time. In some embodiments, wearable devices Vice reflects homeostasis and cellular physiology through electrochemistry, mechanics, structure, heat, and / or energy. Includes a multimodality sensor system for measuring energy characteristics. Wearable devices include approximately 4 to 12 sensors. Some implementations In this state, the wearable device has approximately 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 sensors. Includes Sa.

[0066] In some embodiments, the wearable device is distributed to the object as a function of time. Measure skin and ambient temperature across a row of locations. Use a predetermined time interval, e.g., 1 hour, 1 Temperature changes over 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 ​​hours, etc., quantify heat transfer, for example. , which may reflect changes in the intrinsic metabolic rate or such ratio. In some embodiments, wear The rubble device measures relative humidity and atmospheric pressure as a function of time at the relevant location of the object. Furthermore, changes in humidity and atmospheric pressure can affect heat transfer and its quantitative determination. In some embodiments... Furthermore, wearable devices, over time, represent the array position of an object. By measuring electrochemical properties such as impedance, changes in electrochemical properties can be used to quantify the electrolyte. It may reflect water flow. In some embodiments, the wearable device is a function of time. By measuring cell dynamics across the sequence of positions in the subject, changes in cell structure are, for example, Then, the movement that reflects the structural dynamics can be quantified. In some embodiments, wearable devices The chair measures at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more such metrics simultaneously. To determine.

[0067] In other embodiments, the disclosed technology is a data stream or an "metabolic task". Periodic and intermittent energy feature data streams from multiple subjects, including stations. or relating to a scalable technology platform that automates continuous collection and interpretation. In some embodiments, data collection and interpretation are performed by at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or This is based simultaneously on the above-mentioned metrics. In some embodiments, The data is compressed and / or encrypted. In some embodiments, a scalable technology platform The form further includes an Application Programming Interface (API). In some embodiments, the data is compressed and / or encrypted and stored in the cloud. In some embodiments, a scalable technology platform optimizes the health of the subject. Further tools for the management of saturation and chronic diseases are provided. In some embodiments, A scalable technology platform allows for iterative improvement of that platform. It also includes a set of machine learning processes used for a scalable technology platform. The advantages of this system are that it quantifies health, develops objective tools for its optimization, and detects disease before it develops. This includes the ability to detect and prevent disease.

[0068] In some embodiments, a scalable technology platform objectively assesses the health of the subject. It will provide further tools for quantitative analysis. The aforementioned platform will provide tools for food, nutrition, Exercise, activity, sleep, lifestyle, genome, aging, community, and / or fetal-maternal well-being One or more factors can correlate with or predict the impact on health. In some embodiments, scale This advanced technology platform addresses the general decline in physical ability and resilience that results from aging. To define and quantify the frailty indicators of the target or elderly population. In some embodiments, Weakness indicators include muscle wasting, asymmetry in muscle performance, inflammation associated with chronic disease, and heart Regarding vascular insufficiency and impaired mental capacity. In some embodiments, scalable technology The platform relates to infection, sepsis, rehabilitation, and / or chronic illness. This provides further tools for detecting, tracking, and preventing events before they manifest.

[0069] In some embodiments, the scalable technology platform is pre-symptomatic or disease-related. Automatically generated treatment options in the early stages, such as antibiotics and supportive therapies. To provide an even earlier start. In some embodiments, a scalable technology platform Toform further develops automatically generated recommendations to improve the health status of the subject. provide.

[0070] This specification discloses a system for quantifying the health capacity of a biological system, and said system M measures the emergent factors of biological systems and the data measured based on these emergent factors. A sensor configured to generate and measure from at least one sensor It receives the data and quantifies the health capacity of the biological system based on the measured data. Includes a processing system including a processor and interface for determining the above factors. In the system, the processor optimizes the health capabilities of the biological system according to machine-readable instructions. Solutions for increasing size can be calculated. A biological system can be a living organism. A biological system is a moving It can be selected from plants, fossils, and single-celled organisms. The biological system is an industrial biological system or This can be a synthetic biology system. In a preferred embodiment, the organism is human. The stem is a memory component that communicates with the processing system and stores the measured data. It may further include the following. The measured data can represent the energy balance of a biological system. This involves data optimized for the characteristics of at least one sensor and the reported emergent factors. The processing system uses multiple transmitters configured to send the measured data as a stream. The system may be configured to include a machine-readable finger. In a preferred embodiment, the processor provides machine-readable fingers The process involves pre-symptomatic detection of disease states in biological systems based on health metrics, according to the instructions. The data, or a set of health metrics reported from multiple other objects, is machine-readable. Follow the instructions and use a supervised learning algorithm to perform pre-symptomatic detection of biological system disease states. It can be said that, in certain embodiments, disease conditions include aging, sepsis, cardiovascular disease, and infectious disease. Patients may be selected from among the patients. If the disease state is an infectious disease, the infectious disease is caused by a viral infection. Viral infections can cause respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections, liver infections, nervous system infections, and This could be a skin infection, or a coronavirus, such as COVID-19. At least one sensor is preferably a thermodynamic sensor, but may also be an electrochemical sensor, a structural sensor, a tension sensor, a motion sensor, other known sensors, or a combination thereof . In a specific embodiment, at least one sensor of the system collects heat flux data, calorimetric measurement data, osmotic pressure measurement data, and / or physiological function measurement data comprises a plurality of wearable devices for sensing, and may be a wearable device or an implan table device. The interface may be configured to transmit measured data via wireless communication . In a specific embodiment, the processing system is configured to store the measured data , access measured data, security configuration, user input, and any application program interface that controls output of results may further include an application program interface.

[0071] Also disclosed is a system for quantifying the health capacity of a biological system, the system comprising a plurality of measurement devices, wherein at least one measurement device measures thermodynamic properties of the biological system . In some embodiments, the system includes a solution for preventing a disease state.

[0072] Also disclosed is a method for quantifying the health capacity of a biological system, the method comprising: sensing at least one emergent factor of the biological system; and measuring with respect to the at least one emergent factor generating measured data; and determining, based on the measured data, the health capacity of the biological system determining one or more stimuli that affect . In certain embodiments, the method comprises , generating a solution for maximizing health capacity by altering one or more stimuli that affect the health capacity of a biological system, wherein the stimuli are sleep patterns, sleep capacity to maximize health, wherein the stimuli include sleep patterns, sleep This may further include selection from duration, nutritional intake, and exercise therapy. Specific implementation forms In this context, the measured data includes the surface temperature of the biological system and physical activity over time. The method involves estimating the heat removal of a biological system over time based on the surface temperature difference. To estimate the heat production of biological systems over time based on physical activity, and to remove heat and The purpose is to estimate the basal metabolic state of a biological system based on the temporal alignment of heat production. This may include the following. The method obtains the quasi-periodic rhythm of a biological system based on the measured data. This means that quasi-periodic rhythms are measured on a timescale of seconds, minutes, or more than a day. This may further include being on a day, approximate month, or yearly timescale. In a particular embodiment, The method involves obtaining fluctuations in a quasi-periodic rhythm over a predetermined time, and the quasi-periodic rhythm This may further include determining health capacity based on variations in surface temperature. To estimate the heat removal of biological systems over time, based on physical activity over time To estimate the heat production of biological systems, based on the temporal alignment of heat removal and heat production. , to estimate the basal metabolic state of a biological system, and to analyze the time-dependent relationship of the estimated basal metabolic state. This involves determining health capacity by applying numbers, and the time-dependent function is a biological system. This may further include being derived from quasi-periodic rhythms.

[0073] Furthermore, a system for determining the energy characteristics of a non-biological system is disclosed, and the system It measures the emergent factors of the system and generates data measured based on those emergent factors. A sensor configured in such a way, and data measured from the sensor It receives data and quantifies the energy balance of non-biological systems based on the measured data. A processing system including a processor and interface for determining the above factors In certain embodiments, this system includes at least one thermodynamic sensor and at least Each may include one motion sensor. At least one thermodynamic sensor may detect biological activity over time. It may include multiple wearable devices for sensing the surface temperature of a scientific system, and at least one One motion sensor is used to sense the physical activity of a biological system over time. Includes an accelerometer.

[0074] In the system, the processing system calculates the quasi-period of the biological system based on the measured data. It may be further configured to analyze sexual rhythms and activity levels, and quasi-periodic rhythms, seconds These are timescales: minute-time scale, minute-time scale, day-time scale, circadian timescale, circadian timescale, month-time scale, or year-time scale. Furthermore, the processing system is based on the quasi-periodic rhythms and activity levels analyzed from the biological system. The sensor may be further configured to activate. In a particular embodiment of this method, The defined data may include the exhaust stream of a biological system. In certain embodiments, the exhaust stream A trim may include heat, one or more low-energy chemical species, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the measured data represents the total energy of the biological system in real time. - May include consumption. In certain embodiments, the method may be based on measured data and biological This further includes analyzing the functional aspects of temperature control in a given system. In certain embodiments, this includes analyzing the functional aspects of temperature control in a given system. This method aims to understand, improve, regulate, and reuse one or more functions of a biological system. This further includes generating and outputting indicators for, or any combination thereof. In a specific embodiment of the method, the indicator is body weight, blood pressure, circadian rhythm, sleep quality of a biological system , sleep duration, or any combination thereof, which is used for management.

[0075] In a specific embodiment of the system, the system measures an exhaust stream of a biological system and comprises at least one heat sensor and at least one chemical sensor configured to . The exhaust stream may comprise heat, one or more low-energy chemical species, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the sensors are configured to directly measure total energy consumption of the biological system in real time. In certain embodiments, the processing system is configured to automatically analyze functional aspects of thermoregulation in the biological system based on measured data . In certain embodiments, the processing system is configured for one or more of the following in the biological system to understand, improve, regulate, reuse functions, or any combination thereof, and is further configured to automatically generate and output indicators. In certain embodiments, the indicator is used to manage body weight, blood pressure, circadian rhythm, sleep quality, sleep duration, or any combination thereof of the biological system. In certain embodiments, the at least one indicator suggests automatic administration of an appropriate amount of one or more of an uncoupler, a regulator of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, a regulator of transmembrane ion gradient, or any combination thereof. In a specific embodiment , the at least one indicator relates to the thermoregulatory function or thermoregulation of the biological system and suggests automatic adjustment of the external environment to affect the physiological element.

[0076] In a specific embodiment of the system, the thermoregulatory function of the biological system or relating to thermoregulation The physiological elements include cardiovascular parameters, circadian parameters, cognitive parameters, and emotional parameters. This includes, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, automatic adjustment of the external environment is This includes adjusting the internal temperature, pressure, humidity, or any combination thereof. In a particular embodiment... Automatic adjustment of the external environment is based on auditory stimuli, olfactory stimuli, visual stimuli, or any combination thereof. Includes provision of [something].

[0077] In a particular embodiment of this system, at least one indicator takes a predetermined action. Automatic recommendations are made to the biological system. In a particular embodiment, the biological system is human. The prescribed actions include changing clothes, going indoors, going outdoors, eating certain foods, drinking water, and special This includes performing certain exercises, sleeping, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, The sensor is configured to directly measure the total energy consumption of a biological system in real time. In certain embodiments, the processing system uses the measured data to create a biological system. It is configured to automatically analyze the emergent properties of temperature control in that context.

[0078] In a particular embodiment, the processing system understands one or more emergent properties of a biological system. Generate metrics for improving, adjusting, reusing, or any combination thereof. and may be further configured to output. In certain embodiments, the indicator is a biological system It is used to manage weight, blood pressure, circadian rhythm, or any combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, the measured data includes heat flux data.

[0079] In certain embodiments, at least one health capacity is the basal metabolic state, and at least Another emergent factor is the temporal alignment of heat production and heat removal. In certain embodiments... Furthermore, temporal alignment is associated with at least one quasi-periodic rhythm in the biological system. At least one quasi-periodic rhythm may be a circadian rhythm. In certain embodiments, The method improves or regulates the temporal alignment of heat production and heat removal in biological systems. The step further includes generating and outputting at least one indicator for a specific implementation. In terms of form, indicators include changing clothes, going indoors, going outdoors, eating certain foods, and specific From a group of actions including drinking a beverage, performing certain exercises, sleeping, or any combination thereof This suggests to the biological system that it will perform at least one predetermined action that is selected. In terms of application methods, the method improves the temporal alignment of heat production and heat removal in biological systems. The further step includes recommending at least one predetermined action to correct or adjust the situation. The actions described above may help manage circadian rhythms.

[0080] In certain embodiments, the measured data includes heat flux data and at least one healthy Health capacity is the basal metabolic state, and at least one emergent factor is the heat production and heat removal of the biological system. This is the temporal alignment of the past. Temporal alignment is at least one in a biological system. It relates to a quasi-periodic rhythm. A quasi-periodic rhythm is a circadian rhythm. In certain embodiments In this process, the processing system improves the temporal alignment of heat production and heat removal in the biological system. Further configured to generate and output at least one indicator for adjusting or adjusting In certain embodiments, the indicators include changing clothes, entering an indoor space, going outdoors, and eating certain foods. This includes eating, drinking certain beverages, doing certain exercises, sleeping, or any combination thereof. This suggests that the biological system will perform at least one predetermined behavior selected from a group of behaviors. In certain embodiments, at least one indicator is a decoupling agent, oxidative phosphorylation pathway. One or more suitable pathway regulators, transmembrane ion gradient regulators, or any combination thereof. This suggests administering a certain amount.

[0081] Furthermore, a system for quantifying and improving the metabolic state of a human being is disclosed, and this system is It is configured to measure human emergent factors, which are the temporal factors of human heat production and heat removal. Alignment, and temporal alignment, in relation to human circadian rhythms, is based on emergent factors. It is configured to generate measured data, including heat flux data, over time, with minimal At least one wearable thermodynamic sensor, and a processor and interface including processing A system that receives data measured from at least one wearable thermodynamic sensor. Based on the data obtained and measured, the metabolic state of humans regarding heat production and heat removal is quantified. Based on the measured data, one or more stimuli that affect the metabolic state of a person are determined, and To calculate solutions to maximize the metabolic state of the human body, and to adjust human heat production and heat removal. By doing so, we generate at least one indicator to improve the metabolic state of humans and Includes a processing system configured to output.

[0082] Furthermore, a method for quantifying and improving the metabolic state of humans is disclosed, and this method is used in humans. At the very least, it is a step that detects one emergent factor, which is human heat production and heat removal. This refers to the temporal alignment of the human circadian rhythm, and temporal alignment is related to the circadian rhythm of humans. A step of generating data measured with respect to at least one emergent factor. The measured data includes heat flux data over time, and the measured data includes the steps of Based on this, the steps involve quantifying the metabolic state of a person regarding heat production and heat removal, and the measured data Based on the data, the steps include determining one or more stimuli that affect the metabolic state of a human, Steps to calculate solutions to maximize the metabolic state of humans, and human heat production and heat removal. To produce at least one indicator for improving the metabolic state of humans by regulating metabolism This includes the steps of creating and outputting.

[0083] In the embodiment of the system, quantifying the metabolic state of a human is at least one general The mean, variance, minimum, and / or maximum values ​​of heat production and / or heat removal over the daily cycle. It is based on making a determination. In the embodiment, quantifying the metabolic state of a human is at least The diurnal stability and / or intra-diurnal variation of heat production and / or heat removal across a single circadian cycle. This is based on determining the metabolic state of a person. In embodiments, quantifying the metabolic state of a person is based on determining the metabolic state of a person. Mean, variance, minimum, and / or maximum values ​​of heat production and / or heat removal over the circadian cycle. This is based on comparing it with human recorded values. In the embodiment, the metabolic state of a human is quantified. This is the day-to-day stability and / or heat removal of heat production and / or heat removal over a specific circadian cycle. This method is based on comparing diurnal variation with human records.

[0084] (definition) "Adaptation" as used herein means that a biological system adapts to its environment over time. This refers to the ability to change. This ability is important in the process of evolution, and in the case of living organisms, it is genetic. It can be determined by diet and external factors. Adaptation is an emergent characteristic and involves various biological factors. and their functions, such as brain learning, the structure and function of DNA and proteins, and the function of organelles. The link between function and homeostasis, feedback regulation of transcription and translation networks, and molecular interactions. It is involved in the equilibrium of the biosphere, among other things. Furthermore, adaptation is evolvable, and various forms exist. It is possible. For example, in primitive cells, the ability to adapt depends on the multiple physical and chemical properties of the system. They self-organize with relatively low velocity barriers to interconvert between functional forms and remove heat. Furthermore, it is possible to communicate at a speed approximately equal to the characteristic speed of internal chemical reactions and external stress. It requires

[0085] The term "Application Programming Interface" (API) is used herein. Designed for use in building software applications. This refers to a set of routines, protocols, or tools. In one example, an API is a set of specified software. It is possible to determine whether software components interact. In one embodiment, the API is a system The program components of the program are used when determining, modifying, or maximizing health capabilities. API This involves changing the sensors or, based on the data provided by the sensors, assessing health capabilities. Software used to create and implement software and / or instructions for determining It could be a set of software tools.

[0086] "Biological system" as used herein refers to any biologically related element. It refers to a network of such networks. In its broadest form, a biological system is a mechanism of its own making. It is any network of chemical reactions that exist as a non-equilibrium configuration sustained by living organisms. A scientific system encompasses a wide range of scales and operates across various scales, depending on the properties of the biological system. It is determined based on various structures. An example of a large-scale biological system is, for example, microscopic. A population of organisms, a homogeneous population of similar organisms living in close proximity to one another (for example, cells) A heterogeneous population of organisms living in a single ecosystem (in culture or human community), organisms This includes scientific networks. Examples of biological systems on a smaller scale include individual organisms, for example. For example, a single mammal, such as a human, and its organs or tissue systems, or cellular organelles. , including artificial life systems.

[0087] A "calorimeter" is used in this specification to measure the heat of a chemical reaction or physical change and heat This refers to a device or system used for calorimetry, a process of measuring capacity. (Differential scanning) Calorimeters, isothermal microcalorimeters, titration calorimeters, and accelerated rate calorimeters are among the most common. It is a type of calorimeter. A simple calorimeter is suspended above the combustion chamber and placed in a metal container containing water. It can consist of the attached thermometer.

[0088] "Calorimetric measurement" is used as used herein, for example, under certain constraints. Heat transfer related to changes in the state of a biological system due to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions. In order to determine this, it refers to measuring the changes in the state variables of a biological system. Indirect calorimetry is two Carbon dioxide and nitrogenous waste (generally ammonia from aquatic organisms or urea from terrestrial organisms) The heat produced by a biological system is measured by measuring either oxygen production or oxygen consumption. It is a process or system for calculation. Also, the heat generated by a biological system is a biological process or system. By placing the entire organism or an array of organisms inside a calorimeter for measurement, direct calorimetry is also performed. It can be measured. One example of a widely used calorimeter is the differential scanning calorimeter, which allows for measurement of small amounts of calorimeters. Thermal data can be obtained for a given amount of substance. This is achieved by heating the sample at a controlled ratio. It is involved in recording heat flow either into or out of the sample.

[0089] "Uncoupling agents" are used in this specification in relation to prokaryotes and mitochondria. To inhibit oxidative phosphorylation, or photophosphorylation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria This refers to molecules that inhibit the process, sometimes called "uncouplers" or "deconjugates." These molecules can transport photons through mitochondria and lipid membranes. Uncoupling agents (1) release respiratory control, (2) cyclic protocoupling mediated by uncouplers All binding processes (ATP synthesis, trans-hydrogenation, reverse electron flow, positive electron transport) are carried out by electron transport. Substitution of ON active transport, etc., which occurs across the mitochondrial membrane or prokaryotic membrane. (3) Eliminating rotons and cation gradients, and in these actions one binding site and (4) No distinction between different parts, and the boundary between bonding processes driven by electron transport. (5) No distinction between binding processes driven by ATP hydrolysis It has the following five characteristics. A pseudo-uncoupling agent exhibits one or more of these characteristics, but not all of them. Since this does not demonstrate, in order to obtain sufficient uncoupling, one or more other pseudo-uncouplers are needed. They need to be combined. An example of an uncoupling agent is 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and 2,5-dinitrophenol and 1799(α,α'-bis(hexafluoroacetonyl) )-acetone) and BAM15,N5,N6-bis(2-fluorophenyl)-[1,2 ,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,6diamine and 2-tert-buty 4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoterb) and 6-sec-butyl-2,4-di Trophenol (dinoseb) and C4R1 (a short-chain alkyl derivative of rhodamine 19), Carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone (CCP) and carbonyl cyanide m-chloroph Phenylhydrazone (CCCP) and carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxypheny Luhydrazone (FCCP) and CDE(4β-cinnamoyloxy,1β,3α-hydroxy (Sioidesma-7,8-ene), CZ5, Desaspidin, Dicoumarol, and Zini Tro-ortho-cresol (DNOC), ellipticin, and endocidin 9 (ES9) And, flufenamic acid, nicrosamide ethanolamine (NEN), and ppc-1 (po Secondary generation produced by Lysphondylium pseudocandidum (Asahi) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) and perfluorotriethylcarbinol And, S-13(5-chloro-3-t-butyl-2'-chloro-4'-nitrosalicylic acid Lido) and SF6847 (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidenemalono Nitrile) and TTFB (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-trifluoromethylbenn) Zuimidazole, thyrofostin A9 (SF-6847) (AG17), and (+)-U Sunic acid, XCT-790, and mitoFluo(10-[2-(3-hydroxy-6 -Oxo-xanthene-9-yl)benzoyl]oxydecyl-triphenyl-phosphonic Umbromide and triclosan (trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether) This includes, but is not limited to, pyrroromycin C. It also includes the azide of the compound and biguanide. Dodecyltriphenylphosphate, bupivacaine, calcimycin (A23187), and dodecyltriphenylphosphate. Honium (C12TPP), lasaloside (X537A), and, for example, a long compound containing linoleic acid. Chain fatty acids, mitoQ10, nigericin, and picric acid (2,4,6-trinitroglycerin) (Phenol), sodium tetraphenylborate and other salt forms, and SR4(1,3-bi (Dichlorophenyl)-urea 13), tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, and Nomycin and arsenate are examples of known pseudo-uncoupling agents, and this disclosure It is considered an uncoupling agent within the scope of its intended purpose.

[0090] "Disease" as used herein means pain, impairment, or suffering in a person who is afflicted. It broadly refers to any pathological condition that results in death or injury. Therefore, a disease is defined as one or more injuries, or an injury. Muscle disorders, disabilities, syndromes, infections, isolated symptoms, abnormal behavior, and atypical structural and functional disorders It can involve changes. Disease can affect a biological organism not only physically but also mentally. Therefore, in the case of a person suffering from a disease, living with the disease is a human being who suffers from the disease. This could change our perspective on life. Examples of diseases are found in the World Health Organization's "Diseases and Related Diseases" Identified and classified in the 10th revised edition (ICD-10) of the International Statistical Classification of Health Problems. This includes those that have been treated. Diseases that can affect humans include infectious diseases and parasitic diseases, neoplasms, Diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs, disorders affecting the immune system, endocrine disorders, nutritional disorders, metabolic disorders, Mental and behavioral disorders, neurological disorders, eye and adnexal disorders, ear and mastoid process disorders, circulatory disorders Cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases, musculoskeletal and Diseases of connective tissue, diseases of the genitourinary system, diseases related to pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, perinatal Diseases, congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities resulting from [unspecified], as well as injuries, poisoning, and extrinsic complications. Includes fruit.

[0091] "Data stream" is used herein to mean the process of transmission. Digitally encoded coherent signals used to transmit or receive information A data stream refers to a data packet or data packet. This is a set of extracted information from the provider, with an ordering of elements (representing various signal components). This includes a sequence of lists and a sequence of associated timestamps.

[0092] "Energy balance" as used herein generally refers to the relationship between energy consumption and energy consumption. It refers to a balance sheet of energy intake. Also, "energy balance" refers to energy Regarding consumption, the genes, epigenetics, determine the biological system's response to that situation. It refers to logic coded into a structure that contains information about the data or other information. Energy balance is... In its most common sense, it refers to the state of a biological system, reflecting the heat or work done in that system. This involves characterizing or quantifying based on certain parameters. Furthermore, the energy balance is related to energy... This is the logic of energy allocation. Energy balance is the ratio of energy from one form to another. It is a subject of research in the field of energy science, which deals with the study of movement and transformation. Calories are, This is an example of a basic unit of energy measurement. Biological organisms are one example, especially in the laboratory. In the experiment, at least three methods of measuring the heat, work, and internal energy of biochemical compounds are used. It is an open thermodynamic system that exchanges energy with its surroundings by law. The distribution of energy balance is This can vary between endothermic and ectothermic animals. Ectothermic animals rely on the environment as a heat source. Endothermic animals maintain their body temperature by regulating metabolic processes. The heat produced in connection with this is due to the active lifestyle of endothermic animals and their search for food at various temperatures. To facilitate long-distance travel. Ectothermic animals are able to travel long distances around their environment. Although limited by ambient temperature, the lack of substantial metabolic heat production is an energy cost. This is the reason for the low metabolic rate. The energy requirements of ectothermic animals are generally those required by endothermic animals. It is one-tenth of what is needed.

[0093] "Energy consumption" is used in this specification in its most common sense. It refers to the measurement of parameters that reflect the heat or work of a biological system. "Consumption" is the entropy of free energy that powers adaptive tasks within a biological system. This refers to irreversible expenditure. Energy consumption is mostly irreversible (entropy generation). Therefore, it represents energy that cannot be recovered for other tasks. "Energy homeostasis" Alternatively, "constancy in energy balance" means, as used herein, food intake Regarding the coordinated and constant regulation of energy intake (energy inflow) and energy consumption (energy outflow). It refers to the biological processes involved.

[0094] "Energy characteristics" are as used herein, within a set of conditions and In biological systems, the response of the energy balance of biological systems to external stresses leads to the development of the following in biological systems. This refers to the aggregation pattern of energy consumption. Energy characteristics are "energy that quantifies metabolism." - A machine, either alone or in combination with annotation of "metabolic tasks," to calculate the balance of income and expenses. It can be used as a data stream for training.

[0095] "Emergent factor" or "Emergent property" is defined as water, water, as used herein. * , or Characteristics of aquatic systems, biological systems, or combined adaptive systems that may relate to the health capabilities of the system. This refers to something that can form the basis for evaluating the health capacity of a system. Also, emergent factors or emergence Characteristics are events, deviations from standards, or their occurrences in some measurable parameters of the system. This may refer to other time-dependent patterns. Emergent properties can be observed directly or indirectly. Emergent Examples of properties include amphotericity, conductivity, solvation capacity, ion mobility, redox potential, and ligand association. , hydration, electrolysis, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, heat absorption, adhesion, tackiness, permeability, turbidity, Incompressible, polar, bipolar, dipole moment, diamagnetism, liquid phase voltage range, liquid phase temperature range This includes abundance, speciation, and the flow rate of energy, momentum, particles, or other substances. The emergent factors are heat removal as either a static absolute value or a periodic function of heat removal, for example. This includes the circadian periodicity of heat removal.

[0096] "Weakness index" as used herein refers to a negative tendency or decline in health capacity. It refers to a song.

[0097] "Growth" as used herein refers to a higher ratio of anabolism to catabolism. It refers to maintenance. Growing organisms do not simply accumulate matter, but rather maintain all parts of that organism. The size increases when placed down.

[0098] "Health" as used herein means both being in good health and being free from disease. This refers to the state of a person. Health is defined as the absence of disease, which enables sufficient function, and this is what constitutes high health. It is an independent state that leads to health capacity (adaptability). High health capacity, as a result, can lead to disease It is protective against illness. High health capacity and good health extend lifespan.

[0099] "Health capacity" as used herein refers to sustained or several core functions. This is the system's resilience (adaptability), primarily represented by its ability to obtain [something]. High or low The adjectives related to health ability are "adapted" and "frail," respectively. Ability, or "weakness," increases the risk of disease or injury (external stress). This can lead to a decline in ability and, consequently, a decline in health. Therefore, weakness and Disease can generate positive feedback that leads to negative consequences. High health capacity, or "adaptation," can be a factor. "Degree" reduces the risk of injury and enhances activity capacity. Early prevention of disease improves health capacity. It can be preserved and maintained, and disease can be prevented through careful management of health capabilities. The best health is achieved through appropriate management. This is a stable state that is both responsive and disease-free. Health capacity is the sustained functioning of the biological system. This can be considered a correlation between the state or energy balance and the function of the biological system that determines the ability to do something. Health ability can include several quantities, and these cannot be compared in the same way or with a single score. It is not always possible to reduce it. Data analysis involves raw measurements and abstractions. It can be used to discover relationships with health ability scores. Dimensionality reduction or machine learning methods can be used. To learn health capacity scores based on unprocessed measurement time series and predict adaptive and health outcomes It can be used for that purpose.

[0100] The “Health Ability Rules” are used herein to determine “Health Ability.” This refers to the minimum set of characteristics of the "energy balance" required for a given purpose.

[0101] "Homeostasis," as used herein, generally refers to a state that limits fluctuations and / or This refers to processes and mechanisms for regulating the internal environment of a biological system in order to maintain the actual state of the system. It refers to the structure of the body. An example of homeostasis at the biological level is sweating, which functions to lower body temperature. Examples of homeostasis at the biochemical and cellular levels include oxidation-reduction regulation and the regulation of its metabolism. .

[0102] "Infection," as used herein, generally refers to a single entity not related to a biological system. This refers to the invasion of a biological system, typically an organism, by the aforementioned vectors (or pathogens). The vector is often a disease-causing vector. Furthermore, infection involves the transmission of the vector and This includes proliferation, as well as the host's biological system or the organism's response. Infection is also transmitted by a vector. This includes the production of toxins as a proximate cause in the vector. Infectious diseases are called "contagious diseases" or "transmissible diseases." It is sometimes called a disease, and is a disease state caused by infection. The pathogens are viruses and Related vectors, such as viroids and prions, are further classified as bacteria, such as ascomycetes. Possible fungi (yeasts, such as Candida; filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus, etc.) (including Mocystis species and dermatophytes), basidiomycetes (including human pathogenic Cryptococcus species) (For example, parasites that can be further classified as single-celled organisms (e.g., malaria, toxop) Razma (including Babesia), macroparasites (including parasites or helminths), for example, nematodes, for instance Parasites such as roundworms and pinworms, tapeworms, and flukes (trematodes, for example, stag beetles) This includes, but is not limited to, hemosomiasis, etc., and arthropods such as ticks, mites, and mites. Lice and other insects can also cause human diseases, which are conceptually similar to infections. The invasion of an animal's body by a macroparasite, such as the human body, is also called an invasion. It can be obtained, but as used herein, it is considered a form of infection.

[0103] Inflammation, as used herein, is caused by irritation, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or other irritants. This refers to a specific set of general biological responses in body tissues to a substance. Inflammation (and related The pathological condition (pro-inflammation) eliminates, at least partially, the initial cause of cell damage and the initial invasion. Immune cells, blood vessels, and function to remove damaged necrotic tissue and initiate tissue repair. It is a response involving molecular mediation. Signs of inflammation include increased heat, pain, redness, swelling, and This includes functional impairment. Inflammation is innate immunity compared to adaptive immunity, which can be specific to particular pathogens. It can be considered a mechanism of inflammation. Inflammation can be classified as acute or chronic. Acute inflammation is when the body reacts to a stimulus. This is the initial bodily response, involving the transfer of plasma and white blood cells (especially granulocytes) from the blood to the injured tissue. This can be caused by increased activity. A series of biochemical events can occur in the local vascular system, immune system, and injury group. It is involved in various cells within the tissue, propagating and maturing the inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation is often This is called chronic inflammation, and it can gradually change the type of cells present at the site of inflammation, such as mononuclear cells, and combine It is characterized by the simultaneous destruction and healing of the tissue.

[0104] "Metabolic tasks," as used herein, typically refer to inefficient energy conversion. Physical, chemical, or electrochemical work involving the release of heat by rate, i.e., maintaining structure. And for living organisms that consume stored energy to perform repairs, waste disposal, and functioning It refers to an event or process.

[0105] "Metabolic ecology," as used herein, refers to energy consumption, energy intake, and energy consumption. Metabolic ecology refers to one or more systematic methodologies in biology based on support and health capabilities. Metabolic ecology defines interspecies and intraspecies variations and interactions regarding resource dependence and allocation. Understanding the constraints of metabolic mechanisms is crucial for understanding almost all life processes. It can be considered a subfield of ecology with the aim of understanding the metabolism of individuals and the emergence of intraspecific organisms. This is based on interspecies-specific patterns and evolutionary perspectives. Individual metabolic models are based on energy Track energy intake and distribution, and study the mechanisms and constraints of energy transport (transport models), or storage. We can focus on the dynamic use of stored metabolites (energy balance model). Current technology It can serve as evidence, but it is not necessarily a premise, nor is it necessarily something to be relied upon. Two major metabolic theories that can support an individual-based understanding of metabolic ecology are Kooyman's dynamic Energy Balance (DEB) theory and the life cycle of West, Brown, and Enquist (WBE) This is a theory of behavior.

[0106] "Metabolism" as used herein refers to the transfer of chemical substances and energy to cellular components. Energy conversion through transformation (assimilation) and decomposition (catabolism) of organic matter. This refers to the maintenance of internal mechanisms (homeostasis) and the generation of other life-related phenomena. Therefore, it requires energy.

[0107] "Microphysiological function measurement" is used in this specification to describe life or biological systems The function and activity of (organs, tissues, or cells, etc.), and small (micrometer or less) This refers to the in vitro measurement of physical and chemical phenomena involved in scale. The main parameters evaluated in microphysiological function measurements are pH and dissolved acid. This includes the concentrations of nitrate, glucose, and lactate (the first two are emphasized). The system is combined, for example, with a fluid system for maintaining cell culture, and with the predetermined application of drugs or toxins. By experimentally measuring these parameters together, quantitative output parameters are used to characterize the metabolic state. The extracellular acidification rate, oxygen consumption rate, and glucose consumption rate or lactate release rate are provided.

[0108] "Carcinogenesis" as used herein refers to the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. This refers to the formation of tumor cells, also known as "tumor formation" or "cancer development." This process involves cellular regeneration. Bell, changes at the genetic and epigenetic levels, and abnormal cell division Thus, DNA mutations and epimutations are characterized by proliferation and programmed cell death. It disrupts the processes involved in programming and regulating the normal balance between [the two factors].

[0109] "Organization" as used herein refers to one or more This refers to a state in which the structure is composed of the cells above, that is, the basic units of life.

[0110] "Osmometer" as used herein refers to a device that measures solutions, colloids, or compounds. This refers to a system, device, or process for measuring osmotic pressure. An osmometer measures blood or blood pressure. Alternatively, the total concentration of dissolved salts and sugars in the urine sample may be measured, or the molecular weight of unknown compounds and polymers may be determined. It can be used to measure osmosis. For example, a vapor pressure osmometer is used to measure the vapor pressure of a solution. The membrane osmometer measures the concentration of active particles and detects the osmotic flow of the solution separated from the pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane. By measuring pressure, a freezing point depression osmometer works because osmotic compounds lower the freezing point of a solution. The osmotic pressure strength of the solution can be measured.

[0111] "Pro-inflammation" is measured by a standard detection method as used herein. This refers to the biological stage that leads to the clinical definition of "inflammation."

[0112] "Processing" is any method detectable by an observer, as used herein. This refers to the collection and manipulation of data items in order to generate meaningful information or changes in information. Data processing involves data selection, summarization, aggregation, and analysis (collection, organization, interpretation, and presentation). This may include reporting or classification.

[0113] "Processing system" is a form of information (listed below) used herein. It takes a sequence of symbols or states and processes them into another form, for example. This refers to a system (electrical, mechanical, or biological) that processes (converts) data into statistics. A component generally includes an input, a processor, a memory unit, and an output.

[0114] "Reproduction" as used herein means asexual reproduction from a single parent organism, or 2 This refers to the ability to create new individual organisms from one parent organism, either sexually or otherwise.

[0115] "(Response to a stimulus)" is, as used herein, a response to an external stimulus. This refers to the action or modification in a biological system. The response takes one of several forms. To obtain. For example, in the case of single-celled organisms, this can result from exposure to the presence of chemicals in the environment. It could be contraction. Another example is the complex response involved in all the senses of a multicellular organism. It can be a set of reactions. The response is often motion, for example, a plant leaf turning towards the sun. This is expressed by the ability to change (phototropism) and chemotaxis.

[0116] The "storage unit" is a storage medium, such as DNA and RNA, as used herein. , in handwritten documents, audio recordings, magnetic tapes, optical discs, and semiconductor memory, This refers to the recording or storage of information or data. In a computer, the data storage unit is generally , semiconductor-based integrated circuit (IC) chips, for example, volatile dynamic semiconductor random elements Access memory (RAM), especially dynamic random access memory (DRAM), etc. Ranaru.

[0117] "Stress," as used herein, most generally refers to a biological system being affected by external factors. This refers to a state in which a request is being made. This request is compensated for by some energy consumption. This is necessary and results in a decline in health capacity. Stress is typically caused by one or more external factors. It is a response to intensity. Stress is a biological system or a part of a biological system (e.g., subsidium This refers to a nominal alteration or dysregulation of typical homeostatic processes in stems, organs, tissues, etc. It can be. Examples of stress include anxiety, disrupted sleep patterns, pre-inflammation, inflammation, increased heart rate, blood This includes increased pressure and chronic pain.

[0118] "Thermometer" is a device used in this specification to measure temperature or temperature gradient. This refers to a temperature sensor that exhibits some change when the temperature changes, and The thermometer includes some means of converting the change in temperature into a numerical value. The thermometer measures the thermal expansion of various phases of a substance. By utilizing the properties of the liquid, the vapor pressure of the liquid is measured, and the change in the liquid's density, which is proportional to its temperature, is detected. Thermochromism (that is, the property of some substances to change color due to changes in temperature) ) utilizes the temperature dependence of the band gap of semiconductor materials (i.e., the band edge (Temperature measurement), detection of blackbody radiation (e.g., pyrometer, infrared thermometer, and thermographic) -) Using the light emitted by phosphorescent substances that change with temperature, or the material Temperature dependence of optical absorption spectrum, electrical resistance, Seebeck effect, nuclear magnetic resonance, or magnetic susceptibility. Sex can be exploited.

[0119] "Temperature measurement" means, as used herein, the relative presence or absence of thermal energy. A system for measuring the current local temperature, which is a physical property of a substance that quantitatively represents the absence of something. This refers to a process or treatment. When a biological system is in a state of local thermodynamic equilibrium (i.e., outwardly) (There is no chemical reaction or flow of matter or energy) and the temperature of the system is the average temperature of the molecules in the system. It relates to uniform kinetic energy. Many systems in the real world are not in thermodynamic equilibrium, nor are they homogeneous. However, it is possible to assume local thermodynamic equilibrium at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. ru.

[0120] "Viral infection" as used herein refers to a biological system caused by a virus. It refers to infection. Viral infections include, for example, (i) the common cold, influenza, pneumonia, and coronavirus. SAR causes a disease condition known as Russ disease 2019 or COVID-19. S-CoV-2 infection, croup (often called laryngotracheobronchitis, affecting the upper respiratory tract) Inflammation of the nose, throat, upper respiratory tract, and lungs, or the lower respiratory tract (often the bronchioles), etc. (ii) Respiratory infections, which are viral infections of the respiratory tract (called inflammation), and (ii) gastroenteritis and other digestive tract infections. It is a type of infection, commonly caused by viruses such as norovirus and rotavirus. (iii) Gastrointestinal infections, (iii) Liver infections that can lead to hepatitis, (iv) Brain infections that can lead to encephalitis (v) Neurological infections such as rabies virus and West Nile virus that can cause these infections. (vi) Infection of the tissues covering the brain and spinal cord, such as the meninges, which can cause meningitis or polio. It can affect not only the skin but also the subcutaneous tissue, causing warts, rashes, or blisters or herpes zoster, etc. (vii) Skin infections that can cause other plaques, (vii) infections of the placenta and fetus in pregnant women Placental and fetal infections such as Zika virus, rubella virus, and cytomegalovirus can occur. , and (viii) for example, enteroviruses (coxsackievirus and echovirus) Viruses that can affect various systems, including Russus and cytomegalovirus. .

[0121] "water * " is, in its broadest embodiment as used herein, aqueous This refers to a system that contains or includes water, or more specifically, one or more solubilizing components, for example This refers to a system in which water functions as a solvent or medium for a bion or suspension component, such as lipids. The amount of water in the system is low, around 5% or 10% by weight, or 70% or 80% by weight. It is a large amount, such as 90% by weight, 95% by weight, 99% by weight, or more than 99% by weight. To obtain. Water *This includes other water molecules, oxygen or hydrogen and oxygen in ionic or radical forms, and These and carbon or non-carbon substances, such as elements, ions, molecules, cofactors, minerals, salts, polymorphs, etc. The chemistry of water in such systems, including but not limited to combinations with mixtures. Includes species. The system is defined not by the fraction of water present in the system, but by the role that water plays. Therefore, it is defined as a water-based substance.

[0122] (General conditions for identifying and selecting emergent factors) Emergent factors or emergent properties are identified and selected for measurement based on various conditions. In particular, emergent factors that can be directly measured are more likely to be directly measured than emergent factors that can only be measured indirectly. It is also preferable that the less invasive techniques (direct or indirect) used for measurement are more It is preferable to invasive techniques. It is reliable and has a single emergent factor, rather than multiple emergent factors. Measurements related to the factors are preferred.

[0123] (General conditions for identifying and selecting the data to be measured) Table 1 shows water * This lists various examples of physical properties, and these properties are as described below. It can be monitored and may relate to the emergent properties of biological systems. For each identified property, The relevant enzyme committee regarding the specific chemical properties, characteristics, and related biochemical properties and characteristics of the enzyme. The number (EC#), and the direct and / or indirect methods from which data relating to the characteristics can be derived. Examples of measurements are described below. The data streams of these measurements or related to these measurements are... The series of measurements can be fed into the learning engine to develop further. It becomes possible to understand the functions of biological systems, such as primitive cells or organisms, and biological systems This will enable the quantitative determination of health capabilities.

[0124] The trained models of the learning engine predict the functions of biological systems, such as primitive cells or organisms. Measure and / or optimize, and modify and / or construct biological systems, e.g., primitive cells or organisms. To measure and operate, and to understand the "rules of health capacity" and how homeostasis is regulated. It can be used to deepen understanding.

[0125] The Enzyme Committee Number (EC#) listed may represent the classification of the biochemical reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. For example, EC1 is oxidoreductase, EC2 is transferase, and EC3 is hydro EC4 is lyase, EC5 is isomerase, EC6 is ligase, EC7 is tran It means slow case. [Table 1] TIFF2026143607000002.tif208169

[0126] (General conditions for sensor selection and design) Conditions for the design and selection of sensors, and for the selection of measurements performed by such sensors. The project involves the detection and quantification of heat and work over time to enable the construction of energy characteristics. Based on this, energy characteristics are annotated by metabolic tasks, and energy —By providing a balance, and quantifying health capacity through energy balance, maximize health and prevent disease. Furthermore, it allows students to learn the rules of health capacity and homeostasis.

[0127] The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but changes form in various ways. This states that this is possible. This law does not weaken even when the system becomes more complex. Typically, energy is accessed through the conservation of energy as it moves through biological systems. Energy consumption that is thought to be impossible, such as metabolic tasks and chemical processes that take place inside cells. It is acknowledged that opportunities are presented to quantify the energy of the work performed. These metabolic processes The body consumes energy in two ways. The first is heat production. The heat released is rapidly expelled from the body (in less than a minute). The second thing is work performance. It is a month. Work is often subsequently released as heat and / or further work. This results in the storage of energy in various physical or chemical forms.

[0128] The analytical view of the disclosed technology is that heat can be measured externally, making it far more quantitative than work. It is easier to do, and heat includes the energy that has been consumed so far as work. Therefore, non-invasive measurement of changes in heat or heat flow accurately reflects the heat consumed by previous work. Assuming that it can be mapped back, it enables the quantification of cellular work. For this purpose, various The metabolic task involves annotating the task with a timestamp to determine the thermal energy. - This will be quantified by associating it with feature recording. Furthermore, auxiliary sensors (for example) , accelerometer) and mobile applications have various characteristics, such as size, duration, To characterize metabolic tasks in terms of intensity, quality, type, etc., data and metadata are collected. They will gather data. Afterwards, they will use AI / ML to create a predictive model of energy features. This method is used to obtain detailed prototype thermal characteristics related to each metabolic task that are likely to affect detailed characterization. This model allows the user to learn how to perform metabolic tasks. Quantify related work in real time and understand its implications for energy balance. This will make it possible.

[0129] There is no single optimal way to characterize metabolic tasks, but heat and There is an optimal way to characterize the dominant form of work. This, in addition to concerns about feasibility, Information is provided regarding the selection of sensors for the initial prototype.

[0130] Future versions will be determined by empirical analysis of energy conservation. This will lead to the discovery of periods in which the measured balance is deemed to have a gap. It can be correlated with activity, metabolic tasks, or ambient conditions. It can also more accurately detect missing heat or work. To provide and characterize, a new passive sensor will be offered. By using energy balance as a metric, it can inevitably lead to the quantification of health capacity. This will involve identifying and quantifying all energy consumption processes in biology.

[0131] (Examples of use for quantifying sensors, measured data, and aspects of adaptive capability) (Example of sensor #1: Temperature and heat flux) In one embodiment of Sensor Example #1, the system described herein includes skin temperature and Includes a sensor module for measuring ambient temperature. For example, Figures 6 and 7. As shown in Figure 8, the sensor device measures skin temperature and ambient temperature, It may include a sensor module for generating data that reflects such measurements. Information about the system's temperature or core temperature can be inferred from such measurements. Other embodiments In this system, as shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9, the system comprises at least (i) (ii) skin temperature, preferably with an accuracy of 0.1°C, (ii) ambient temperature, and (iii) three dimensions It may include a sensor module for simultaneously or substantially simultaneously measuring the motion characteristics of the objects. The system and sensors preferably measure the converter input in analog or digital form. It is designed to generate related data along with the biological system. The system and sensors are designed to detect living organisms. For example, it could be wearable for a human, and could be attached to the arm, chest, leg, abdomen, or any part of the body. It can be installed. The device includes a memory component that stores measurement data for more than one month. obtain.

[0132] In other examples, as shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, the device is A wireless transmission module for sending data and displaying it on a smartphone or tablet. It may include. When the device is operated under conditions that it transmits a wireless signal at 30-second intervals, it will take approximately 6 hours. The device may include a monthly sustainable battery. The device may include a battery life gauge indicator. The device transmits battery life information and displays it on a smartphone or tablet. To obtain. The device can be controlled via a smartphone or tablet. For example, a signal The transmission interval can be adjusted. The device will indicate the communication or operating status, or warnings and errors. It may include LEDs. The device may be water-resistant.

[0133] In another embodiment of Sensor Example #1, the system described herein is a system of heat flow or heat Sensor module for measuring skin temperature and ambient temperature to enable flow velocity measurement. Includes sensors. Today, the latest optimal standard for heat flow measurement is calorimetry. Direct calorimetry The measurement has become a highly reliable standard for heat flow measurement. In biology, direct calorimetry is used. It is used to quantify the heat transfer (thermoregulation) produced as a by-product of metabolism. Direct calorific value measurement in this context is extremely impractical because it requires isolating the subject in an "indoor calorimeter." It is correct.

[0134] Indirect calorimetry is a method of measuring heat flow by using an alternative measure to direct calorimetry. It overcomes the usual inconveniences. One method of indirect respiratory calorimetry is to measure oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. This is a measurement of substances. This method is considered the optimal standard in clinical practice. Indirect calorimetry is, Most of the heat generation occurs through oxidative phosphorylation-carbon oxidation (CO2 production) and oxygen reduction (oxygen consumption). It is based on the assumption that it originates from. Indirect calorimetry in clinical settings is based on the assumption that it originates from the individual subject. It requires expensive, intensive testing.

[0135] An example of a heat-measuring sensor of the disclosed technology, referred to for convenience as Sensor Example #1, is a biological system. For example, to directly measure the heat flow of a living organism, such as a human, approximate direct calorimetry is used. To be used. In some embodiments, example #1 of the sensor is a miniaturized heat measurement sensor. In this embodiment, example sensor #1 measures skin temperature and the air near the skin temperature measurement point. Simultaneously measure ambient temperature with at least two pre-calibrated solid-state digital thermometers. Includes a temperature sensor. Sensor example #1 continuously measures the local difference between ambient temperature and skin temperature. By doing so, we can determine the main mode of heat flow (loss) through the skin, that is, the main mode of energy loss in humans. Measure.

[0136] Sensor example #1 is, in one embodiment, for direct or indirect calorimetry in clinical settings. While not as accurate or precise, example sensor #1 is at least as effective as such methods. It has the advantage of continuously measuring metabolic rates on a sufficient scale. This allows for specific practical applications. In terms of application, example sensor #1 measures slight changes in metabolic rate over a long period, i.e., several days. However, detection is possible, and automated machine learning can be used for both individuals and populations. For example, please refer to Table 2 below.

[0137] The three concepts of temperature measurement, thermography, and calorimetry are often combined. However, there are differences between temperature measurement, thermography, and calorimetry. Thermography, or the use of a thermometer or thermal imaging device, measures the relative temperature of an object. It is a device and process. Heat measurement is a system that measures the absolute heat flow from an object. This is a process. Thermometers and thermal imaging devices measure deep temperature to measure heat generation, not heat flow. It is used as a substitute for. On the other hand, in a particular embodiment, example sensor #1 measures heat generation. It is configured to use a solid-state temperature sensor for measuring heat flow rate rather than constant temperature. Currently, all skin thermometers available for clinical use measure core body temperature, not heat flow rate. In other words, skin temperature is measured as a substitute for fever. They do not quantify ambient temperature, therefore Since radiant heat transfer cannot be calculated, the heat flow and metabolic rate obtained in the sensor example #1 are not precise or It is not possible to detect (or claim to be able to detect) an accurate change.

[0138] In a specific embodiment of the sensor example #1 shown in Figure 18, the system is any The system includes a combination of work sensors and thermal sensors. The system is based on the basal metabolic state or resting state. This could be implemented as a wearable device for evaluating the state of apology in real time.

[0139] Temperature regulation consists of two main components: heat production and heat removal. Healthy homeostasis is this A balance is needed between the two. These two components meet a wide range of energy demands. And there exists a dynamic balance that is kept approximately equal through the rate of change. These two configurations By continuously measuring elements and analyzing their temporal alignment, the system This allows for a much more detailed assessment of health than measuring only one or the other. can.

[0140] In the embodiment shown in Figure 18, the heat sensor may include an array of thermometers, and heat removal is performed. It can be estimated as the temperature difference on the skin surface of the physical system. The difference is not quantitatively equal to the heat at each point, but it correlates with real-time heat removal. To estimate heat production, we detect physical activity and infer the work done by the biological system. An accelerometer can be used as a work sensor.

[0141] Figure 18 shows the work sensor signal stream (e.g., accelerometer measurement over time) and the thermal sensor signal. This shows the temporal alignment between peaks and streams (e.g., temperature differences over time). During operation, the heat removal signal is interpreted as having two components: a resting component and an active component. In other words, total energy consumption is divided into resting energy consumption and physical activity energy consumption. It can be approximated by adding it to the energy consumption. Therefore, the work sensor signal stream By subtracting the function from the thermal sensor signal stream, a work-corrected thermal feature data stream can be obtained. The work-corrected thermal feature data stream can be used to estimate the basal metabolic rate or resting metabolic rate. It can be supplied to the decision support system.

[0142] In some embodiments, the decision support system may process the signal as a function of time, and The principle is a step of generating a first vector, the first vector described above is the signal described above. The features extracted from the above include the mean peak (P) amplitude and the mean peak (P) amplitude. Width, amplitude peak (P), standard deviation, through (T), amplitude, trough (T), mean amplitude, amplitude trough (T) ) Standard deviation, interval between peaks, high-frequency (PP HF) power between peaks, and their respective A step involving a combination of intentions, and a step of converting the first vector described above into a second vector. The above transformation includes a step that involves normalization, and classifying the second vector described above. A step of applying a classification algorithm adapted to the above classification algorithm The process is carried out by steps that include a set of classification and regression trees.

[0143] In some embodiments, the decision support system uses a machine learning classifier to analyze the signal. For example, support vector machine (SVM) classifiers, naive Bayes classifiers (NBC), And artificial neural network (ANN) classifiers may be used. In some embodiments In this system, the decision support system uses a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that takes into account the temporal dynamics of the signal. ) Algorithmic processing may be used. In some embodiments, the decision support system may use each time Multiple features are extracted from the signal by generating a feature vector for the inter-sectional area. In one embodiment, the decision support system considers each of the multiple signals with a shifted overlap time. By dividing the signal into segmented windows, multiple features can be extracted from multiple signals. The shift in the interval window results in multiple epochs being analyzed. For each epoch of the clock, multiple features characterize various related aspects of multiple signals. For example, it calculates the mean, standard deviation, frequency domain features, entropy, etc. (Feature vector) A toll is generated for each epoch of multiple epochs, and the feature vector is made up of multiple features. The feature vectors are input into a machine learning classifier to automatically classify each epoch. .

[0144] In addition, independent component analysis (ICA) and / or principal component analysis (PCA) can also detect any hidden signals. It can be applied to find this. Then, the temporal features are directed towards this (in some cases) It can be calculated from the (superimposed) signal representation. Regarding temporal characteristics, to enhance the desired signal characteristics Therefore, various nonparametric filtering methods, low-pass filtering, and bandpass filtering are used. High-pass filtering and high-pass filtering can be applied.

[0145] Parametric models, such as AR, Moving Average (MA), or ARMA (autoregressive and Models such as moving average models may be used, and the parameters of such models are autocorrelation and / or or obtained via partial autocorrelation, or through LPA, LMS, RLS, or Kalman filter. It is possible. All or part of the estimated coefficients can be used as features.

[0146] In some embodiments, the decision support system utilizes three levels of thermal feature metrics. They may be used or adapted, for example, by recording, processing, displaying, or implementing these metrics. Machine-readable instructions can be used for this purpose. (Level 0 metrics): Thermal characteristics are based on very basic metrics, such as mean and variance. The minimum and / or maximum values, etc., can be usefully quantified. These metrics / systems The meter can be used directly as an indicator of health status or changes therein. (Level 1 metrics): More advanced metrics for thermal characteristics include biological mechanisms and circadian rhythms. It incorporates one or more principles or concepts of health. For example, the principle is the literature on circadian rhythms. Therefore, the nonparametric statistics of circadian structure, namely inter-day stability (IS) and / or intra-day variation, are used. (IV) may include the concept. Other parametric methods for circadian analysis include Kosinah It is involved in fitting. This can be applied to any signal that has a periodic component. The metrics in this category involve complex fitting of many parameters. Therefore, each parameter is more informative than simple level 0 statistics, This can serve as an independent metric for cognitive ability. Furthermore, this level can be used in automated learning, such as artificial intelligence. This may include AI (Intelligent Abilities) and Machine Learning (ML). (Level 2 metrics): Level 1 metrics can be extremely informative, but not necessarily It is not necessarily possible to interpret or transfer between individuals. Level 2 metrics are met These limitations are addressed by comparing Rick to a historical baseline of a single individual. Wearlab is continuously collecting thermal characteristics over a period of several weeks or months. By designing a device, a detailed baseline can be established. These baselines allow for high reliability / significance in changes in thermal characteristic metrics. It is possible.

[0147] As an example, Figure 27 shows time-series data of heat and work in a healthy person. Figure 27 shows two A 48-hour thermal pattern exhibiting stochastic and pseudo-periodic features, including a complete sleep / wake cycle. This is a diagram showing the characteristics. The gray hexagonal background represents the thermal characteristics collected for the same individual in the previous month. This is a histogram showing the values. By comparing the thermal characteristics (curves) with the gray background, we can see the values. It is possible to identify periods of high or low temperatures in the line. By visually juxtaposing information such as "Level 2," users or medical professionals can easily understand the context. It can be seen. Predictable heat dissipation in conjunction with the sleep-wake cycle and activity. There is a 4-hour fluctuation.

[0148] In some embodiments, the analysis software uses machine-readable instructions to analyze the metric over Percentile scores for relevant health metrics relative to the previous baseline can be calculated. In clinical or consumer cases, warnings should be issued at a percentage of the level of caution or concern. A threshold can be set (e.g., 95th percentile) to prevent critical events or to optimize performance. The following health issues can be quickly corrected. Along with the display of this type of thermal characteristic, metrics and The contextualization of Level 2 of the trick and the juxtaposition of it with a user interface This will allow users to gain a deeper understanding and intuition of the key features of its thermal properties. The probabilistic nature of thermal characteristics is initially difficult to interpret, so this feedback is important. In some embodiments, the user interface may incorporate Level 2 analysis.

[0149] Figure 28 shows the process of correcting the thermal sensor signal to obtain the resting metabolic state, as shown in Figure 18. An example of a decision support system that can be used by an embodiment that utilizes sensor signals is shown. In some embodiments, the decision support system includes (1) a data stream of information, and (2) Two parameters that can influence decisions made based on the data stream It is obtained based on high-level elements. These two elements combine when generating the decision output. It can be used for that purpose.

[0150] The data stream of information preferably relates to important decisions and is highly uncertain. It may receive. The data stream is preferably, in some cases, similar to the decision made in clinical medicine. It can be constructed in a way that minimizes the uncertainty inherent in the process. For example, see Figure 28. As shown, the data stream may be "wearable health monitor data".

[0151] In a preferred embodiment, the decision support system includes the two high-level elements described above. It involves two components related to the fundamentals. That is, (1) storing data in a central repository. Hardware and software for reaming and constructing useful records for each individual, For example, as shown in Figure 28, to extract "health metrics", use "wearable health (2) Applicable to supply "health monitoring data" to the "analysis engine", and (2) application A communication interface or digital portal, for example, the "Personal Health" shown in Figure 28. Like a portal, the system evaluates the acceptable range of some metric and exceeds the threshold. It involves systems that can trigger a warning when a certain condition is detected. For example, an analysis engine can track To identify relevant health metrics to track, based on standard inputs or collected data... Based on the data, artificial intelligence may be used to assess health or health ability, and each metric Appropriate and / or inappropriate ranges can be identified. As a further example, the acceptable range is shown in Figure 28. This may be the "health metric determination threshold" shown. In some embodiments, personal health Portals can be personalized. In a preferred embodiment, a personal health portal is individual, or This can be done by a family member or a representative such as a healthcare professional, for example, "related to setting a health emergency." It can operate via a UI (User Interface). In the embodiment shown in Figure 28, Subsequently, the system generates an "Automatic Health Determination Output" using "Health Metrics" and Combine with the "health metric determination threshold". In a preferred embodiment, automated health Health decision output is a recommendation for medical and / or consumer health interventions, or further clinical trials. It may contain suggestions for experimentation.

[0152] In one example relating to medical applications, a medical decision support system preferably comprises two main components. It accepts input from an interface, (1) physiological data from the patient, and (2) The decision threshold associated with each data stream can be determined by the physician / patient. You can obtain parameters related to the set risk / susceptibility. The primary purpose of wearable devices is to transmit data streams from the device to the patient or This may involve comparing it to the level of concern set by the healthcare provider. Regarding the state, decision support uses the incoming data to obtain information previously acquired about the same individual. This is possible by comparing it with the distribution of past data.

[0153] In some embodiments, the decision support system can be implemented in a processing circuit. The processing circuit is Correlation analysis that correlates environmental factors with contextual data and measured signals corresponding to the user. Engines, environmental factors, and context data may be included and communicated to the system during operation. The data is collected by one or more connected sensors. The processing circuit then processes the entire set of correlated data. It may further include a recommended engine for analysis. The processing circuit may be based on the user or the user's environment or Contextual classification related to sensor or perceptual readings related to behavior is performed by inference. It may further include a context inference engine that identifies context classifications, and a correlation engine. It is used to provide a set of correlated data. The processing circuit takes the measured signals and A spectral analysis unit configured to generate at least one spectral analysis signal. It may further include. Spectral analysis is based on Fourier-based methods, wavelets. This includes using at least one of the following methods: a multifractal spectroscopy method or a multifractal spectroscopy method. It is possible. Spectral analysis can be discrete or continuous.

[0154] The analysis of the measured signals was performed entirely on wearable devices, and partially on wearable devices. This may be done on the vise, partially elsewhere, or entirely elsewhere. In all cases, when performing analysis on a wearable device, the wearable device also records Includes a microprocessor that performs the method of implementation completely or partially. Certain other embodiments include To perform the methods described herein, a computer system other than a microprocessor is required. This can be used. For example, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) can be described in the following way. It can be used to perform some or all of the following tasks.

[0155] In one embodiment, the work sensor includes a 1- to 3-axis accelerometer. In one exemplary configuration... And at least one accelerometer is positioned in a direction defined as perpendicular to the user's frontal plane. It is configured to measure acceleration in a direction. The work sensor is configured to measure acceleration, velocity, position, and It may include any sensing element that enables the measurement of body movement, including orientation. Sensors based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology (e.g., piezoresistive sensors, or (or electromagnetic sensors), or optical sensors (e.g., camera-based systems, laser sensors) This may include (S, etc.) or any other type of motion tracking sensor. The work sensor measures x, y, z, Measure one to multiple degrees of freedom, including pitch, roll, yaw, or any combination thereof. It may include things that do.

[0156] In some embodiments, the accelerometer measures the steps taken during exercise, such as walking or running. By measuring things like calories, the amount of calories used can be estimated. In some embodiments, The accelerometer measures the amount of energy the user has burned over a predetermined period, for example, calories. It is configured to detect [something]. In some embodiments, the accelerometer includes a power saving function. Specifically, to conserve power, the accelerometer detects user activity at a certain threshold level. It will remain inactive and power-reduced until it is released. User activity threshold level When a bell is detected, a short portion of the waveform is analyzed to determine whether to continue analyzing the accelerometer signal. To determine whether or not to activate the accelerometer, the threshold for activating it is determined by the history of the accelerometer signal, and the sequence of events. Furthermore, it can be made a function of inputs from other sensors, such as ambient light sensors and skin temperature sensors. This is possible. Furthermore, in order to tailor the estimation to the user, user-specific information such as age, Gender, height, and weight can be used.

[0157] In some embodiments, the wearable device is attached to the wrist, belt, or arm. It can be carried in a pocket. Wearable devices are predetermined It can be worn during workout periods or as a general, independent lifestyle monitor throughout the day. The user performs specific exercises at specific times, while at other times they can do things like sitting, standing, and It can perform its daily activities, including sleeping. In some embodiments, wearable devices The chair is designed to take into account what the user is doing, for example, whether they are sleeping, awake, or exercising. Determine the following and use Active Mode to collect relevant activity data from the user. It can make an intelligent decision on whether to continue in a power-saving mode with reduced power consumption. This monitoring can be performed within the context of a full-day activity monitor.

[0158] A specific embodiment of Sensor Example #1 identifies and reports the cumulative physiological state of an individual. It is part of a wearable device for which a sensor is located. At least one wearable physiological sensor for generating an electronic output in the form of an output, To identify specific cumulative physiological states in the aforementioned individuals from the sensor outputs mentioned above. A memory circuit containing a saved mathematical algorithm, wherein the above-mentioned specific cumulative physiological The medical conditions include fatigue, ketosis, acute dehydration, drowsiness, edema, hypertension, shock, drowsiness, and ovulation. A group consisting of fever, anemia, and hypothermia is selected, and the above specific cumulative in the above individuals. The mathematical algorithm described above for identifying the cumulative physiological state is the specific cumulative state described above. The physiological state described above was known to exist in the individuals during the period in which it was concentrated up to now. The memory circuit is derived from the sensor output, and the above-mentioned sensor and the above-mentioned memory circuit and electronic A processor that communicates in a specific cumulative physiological state as described above. The aforementioned sensor output is used to generate an output that identifies the presence of the aforementioned stored number The scientific algorithm was executed, and the specific cumulative physiological state described above is fatigue, and the fatigue described above is exhausted. The labor is identified using two functions of a conserved mathematical algorithm, and these two functions are , including a first function and a second function for measuring total energy consumption (TEE), the first The first function differs from the second function in that it can measure the thermal effect (TEF) of food, E includes the total energy consumption, and TEE = BMR + AE + TEF + AT, in the equation BMR stands for basal metabolic rate, which is the amount of energy consumed by the body at rest. E is activity energy expenditure, that is, the amount of energy consumed during physical activity, and TEF is The thermal effect of food, that is, the amount of energy consumed during the digestion and processing of food eaten, AT is adaptive thermal generation, the processor and the aforementioned processor and electronics that output the aforementioned specifics. Includes a display that communicates remotely. The wearable device is far from the aforementioned processor. To transmit the aforementioned presence of the aforementioned specific physiological state to the aforementioned display located at a distance It may further include a transceiver circuit that electronically communicates with the aforementioned processor. The Zoom is the specific Zoom mentioned above during the period when the aforementioned processor is receiving the aforementioned sensor output signal. Continuous prediction of cumulative physiological state, and / or a set of sensor output signals to the aforementioned individual. A context for weighting the probability of the presence of the aforementioned specific cumulative physiological state. It may include a kiss detector.

[0159] A specific embodiment of Sensor Example #1 uses a personal computing device. Then, statistical analysis of three-dimensional (3D) body motion data captured by motion sensors is performed. It can be used for personal exercise analysis applications on personal computing devices. The technology collects 3D motion data acquired from accelerometers and gyroscopes. It is configured to perform statistical analysis of such data. Furthermore, the device collects exercise-related information and It is configured to display the user's physiological information on the display. The technique involves an analysis method that compares the movements performed by the user to promote accurate and efficient learning. Integrate it.

[0160] A specific embodiment of Sensor Example #1 is a processing device and a non-processing device that stores instructions and data. It may be part of a system including a time-sensitive computer-readable medium. The processing device is a series of The processing device can execute instructions to perform its function. The processing device processes physiological data and environmental data. Sensor data including the following can be received. The processing device processes the first physiological parameter and the second The first correlation between physiological parameters and the environmental parameters and the second physiological parameter To determine the second correlation between the two, past physiological and environmental data were further analyzed. It can be analyzed. Subsequently, the processing device analyzes physiological data based on the first and second correlations. It may be possible to predict changes in the level of a second physiological parameter in a specific person who receives the signal.

[0161] The physiological parameters of a living organism are typically related to the time of day, the environmental conditions to which the organism is exposed, and the organism's... It is a function of the activity level and one or more of various other physiological parameters. The data may be related. For example, the mean value and variation of a parameter may be related to the circadian cycle. It can change over time based on this. Physiological parameters are consistent with the normal circadian rhythm. It can change throughout the day with a regular schedule that depends on the time of day. Furthermore, these The parameters may vary based on the subject's physical activity or metabolic rate. Physiological parameters Temporal patterns can be quasi-periodic, or in certain special cases, perfectly periodic. Quasi-periodic rhythms are defined on a timescale of seconds, minutes, extra-daily, circadian, circa-month, or It could be a timescale of years.

[0162] The temperature, heat production, and heat removal rhythms of the target may be quasi-periodic. For example, the amplitude of the change and The frequency can rise and fall throughout the day, mimicking the natural circadian rhythm. In particular, the temperature of the subject. This can be maintained within a threshold zone rather than at a specific temperature. This zone is maintained between individuals. It can fluctuate and may have a circadian cycle within a particular individual. When the temperature deviates to a low level, a series of coordinated reactions occur, particularly surface vasoconstriction, shivering, and metabolic thermogenesis. This occurs when the body's core temperature deviates above the threshold zone, particularly causing surface vasodilation. A series of coordinated reactions occur, including tension and sweating. Furthermore, deviation from the interthreshold zone is associated with the environment. This relates to behavioral patterns such as trying to gain or avoid the environment.

[0163] Therefore, in order to evaluate the subject's basal metabolic state or resting metabolic state, the subject's temperature and heat Apparent measurements of production and heat removal are taken into account the subject's physical activity, environmental factors, and quasi-periods. Correction may be necessary for sexual rhythms. Identify periodic components in large datasets. Therefore, Fourier decomposition based on signal-to-noise, Fisher's g-test, and autocorrelation, Many calculation methods can be used. In addition to the assumption of a sinusoidal model, the underlying dynamics must be determined. In order to quantify the waveform shape and the presence of multiple periodicities, which can provide important clues in such cases, The algorithm can be used for noisy datasets and other high-sluggish datasets. For analysis, the algorithm generates denoised waveforms from multiple valid frequencies. Measurements based on Fourier can be incorporated. Subsequently, this waveform can be analyzed using waveform metrics and multiple To provide vibration statistics that include the period, raw vibration data can be correlated with it.

[0164] A specific embodiment of Sensor Example #1 analyzes the quasi-periodic rhythm of an object and its current state and In addition, as part of a system that estimates the resting state parameters of a subject based on quasi-periodic rhythms It's possible. Estimating resting state parameters involves understanding the relationship between the resting state and the current state. and may be based on the dynamically changing relationship between the current state and the resting state. The system measures and It can be configured to transmit and process data.

[0165] In some embodiments, the transmission of measured data in the system involves a modulation scheme and coding. The mode of transmission and error code can be utilized. The mode of transmission can be, for example, analog or digital. This includes spread spectrum, combination, and conflict avoidance. Aspects of analog transmission include, for example, amplitude This includes modulation, single-sideband modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation, and spatial modulation methods. Hmm. The modes of digital transmission include on / off keying, frequency shift keying, and amplitude shifting. Keying, phase shift keying, for example, two-phase shift keying, quadrature phase shift keying Keying, higher-order and differential coding quadrature amplitude modulation, minimum shift keying, continuous phase modulation This includes pulse position modulation, trellis coding modulation, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Examples of spread spectrum transmission include frequency-hopping spread spectrum and direct sequencing. This includes spread spectrum. The combined transmission method is, for example, a two-phase transmission using carrier frequency modulation. This includes fast keying. Examples of conflict avoidance transmission methods include duty cycle modulation and carrier keying. This includes transmission frequency modulation. Encoding methods include, for example, wake-up methods and preamble methods. This includes the formula, data packet scheme, and error coding scheme. The wake-up scheme is, for example, This includes the Lutitone method and the Chirp method. The preamble method is, for example, the packet initiation method. Includes a unique identifier for the expression. The data packet scheme is, for example, the type of pill, the presence of the pill. Includes data related to expiration date, manufacturer, lot number, quantity, prescribing physician, pharmacy, etc. Error code Examples of methods include iterative methods, parity methods, checksums, cyclic redundancy checks, and Hamming. Distance schemes and forward error correction schemes, such as Reed-Solomon codes, binary Goley codes, and convolutions. Includes combined codes, turbo codes, etc.

[0166] In some embodiments, data processing in the system is performed to derive predictive information. This can be done by a predictive module that aggregates data and facilitates the analysis of the aggregated data. In one embodiment of the part, population data of multiple targets are used to derive various statistics, conclusions, predictions, etc. It can be processed to output state characteristics based on various technologies, such as multivariate data fusion technology. The evaluation is used to generate various outputs, such as analysis, metrics, and predictive information. obtain.

[0167] In some embodiments, data processing in the system involves time-normalizing the measured data. To perform calculations and interpolation, various metrics such as average daily pattern, daily standard deviation, and This may include generating overall fluctuations and other data, as well as generating predictive information. In the implementation model, data processing in the system involves the regularity of the target circadian (daily cycle) pattern. This may also include evaluating stability.

[0168] In some embodiments, data processing in the system enables circadian (daily) patterns. Applying algorithms to one or more data sources to visualize and characterize them It may include. Before metric calculation, various filters or to highlight the characteristics of the time series may be used. A transformation can be applied. Metrics related to variations in daily patterns are calculated on a daily basis. Deviation, an intrinsic dimension calculated as the number of significant principal components in a data series, and in the mean pattern. This includes daily deviations or other time-series descriptive statistics.

[0169] (Example of a sensor #2: Impedance / Electrical / Magnetic) In other embodiments, the systems described herein include, for example, impedance and potential. and a sensor module for measuring one or more electrical properties, including magnetic susceptibility or magnetic flux. Includes a sensor.

[0170] In some embodiments, the sensor is a bio-impedance sensor for measuring the volume of a limb, for example. —It can be a vibration sensor. Bioimpedance sensors are, for example, electrochemical electrodes, metals. A plunge probe and a quadrupole impedance sensor system can be selected. The impedance sensor may be a quadrupole impedance sensor system. Due to the volume of the limbs The sensor could be a sensor for measuring the radius of curvature. The sensor for the volume of the limbs is , one or more circumferential strain gauges, for example, multiple gauges provided in multiple regions of the limb in question The strain gauge may include the following. The system described herein may include multiple radios as described herein. Flexible devices may further be included. For example, the system may include at least four wireless It may include a flexible device, where the first device provides AC and the second device is grounded. Furthermore, a further device is a bioimpedance sensing electrode that can measure the voltage difference. Device 1 can be positioned closer to the patient's heart than the second device described above, and further The bioimpedance detection device is located between the first device and the second device described above. It will be placed in [location]. The system may further include four wireless flexible devices, each device The system uses two bioimpedance sensing electrodes that can measure AC signals, ground, and voltage differences. To possess independently.

[0171] For example, a sensor device may include, for instance, impedance, potential, and magnetic susceptibility or magnetic flux. Includes a sensor module for measuring one or more electrical characteristics, or a set of sensor modules. Furthermore, it is possible to generate data that reflects such measurements. Information about the electrical properties of biological systems. This can be inferred from such measurements. In other embodiments, the system is three-dimensional (i (ii) impedance, (ii) potential, (iii) magnetic flux, or (iv) paramagnetic flux characteristics are less It may include a sensor module for measuring one of them simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. The stem and sensor preferably measure the converter input in analog or digital form. Together, they are designed to generate relevant data. The system and sensors are designed for living organisms. For example, it could be a wearable device for a human, attached to the arm, chest, leg, abdomen, or any other part of the body. It can be attached. The device may include memory to store measurement data for more than one month.

[0172] In another example, as shown in Figure 10, the device transmits data to the smartphone. Alternatively, it may include a wireless transmission module for displaying on a tablet. The device will last 30 seconds. When operated under conditions that transmit wireless signals at intervals, it can contain a battery that can last for approximately 6 months. The device may include a charge indicator that shows battery life. The device may include information regarding battery life. The information can be sent and displayed on a smartphone or tablet. It can be controlled via a device or tablet. For example, the signal transmission interval can be adjusted. This may include LEDs that indicate communication or operating status, or warnings and errors. It may be water-resistant.

[0173] (Example of a sensor #3: structure / tension / machine) In one embodiment, the system described herein is a sensor for measuring tensile strength. The system includes a sensor, including a submodule. The system and sensor are preferably analog or digital. Designed to measure the digital form of the converter input and generate related data. The system and sensors can be wearable for living organisms, such as humans, on the arms, chest, etc. It can be attached to the legs, abdomen, or body. The device can be measured for more than one month. It may include memory for storing data.

[0174] (Example of a sensor #4: Measurement of physiological function) An example of a physiological function measurement sensor of the disclosed technology is referred to for convenience as Sensor Example #4, and measures pH, solvent These are oxygen concentration, glucose concentration, lactic acid concentration, and toxin concentration, and are found in biological systems such as humans. To measure at least one emergent factor in a solution or suspension of a biological organism, at least one A physiometer is used. In some embodiments, example #4 of the sensor is a miniaturized physiological device. It is a performance measurement sensor. In some embodiments, example sensor #4 characterizes metabolic status. Therefore, the extracellular acidification rate, oxygen consumption rate, and glucose consumption rate or lactate release rate are measured. This includes sensors configured to generate data that reflects them. These parameters By continuously measuring, example sensor #4 quantifies health metrics.

[0175] (Sensor example #5: Oxidation-reduction / Electrochemistry) In one embodiment, the system described herein is an oxidation / reduction potential or other electrolytic The system and sensors include a sensor module for measuring mechanical characteristics. Preferably, the converter input in analog or digital form is measured, and related data It is designed to generate a signal. The system and sensors are designed to be effective for living organisms, such as humans. It can be wearable and can be attached to the arms, chest, legs, abdomen, or any part of the body. The chair may include a memory component that stores measurement data for more than one month.

[0176] (Real-time measurement of health capabilities) Easily integrated alongside current disease management systems, data-driven, and continuous. It not only accurately measures health, but also detects changes in it and indicates disease or infection before the onset of symptoms. There is a need for a proactive health measurement system that can be deployed immediately. This is because the ability to adapt will be depleted. This can narrow the range of treatment options, thereby worsening human and economic outcomes, and is rapidly progressing. This is especially true for diseases that are treated.

[0177] Device #1 is an example of a commercially viable embodiment of the disclosed system. This refers to an automated wearable health accuracy measurement system and learning platform. In this context, it is worn by a person and quantifies their health capacity—health—in real time. This enables optimization, as well as the detection and prevention of disease. The person is subjected to immunosuppressive therapy. Patients with unclear infections, or the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 global outbreak They may be pre-symptomatic / asymptomatic carriers of infectious diseases such as [unclear text]. Such individuals may have poor sleep, nutrition, and exercise. Individual neuromuscular inputs and / or lifestyle changes are used to improve health or performance. It could be a healthy individual trying to maximize its potential.

[0178] Device #1 enables either health management or the detection or prevention of disease. It can be configured to provide a rapid learning loop. It can use one or more sensors (or groups of sensors). Thus, device #1 will measure and quantify the emergent properties of the biological system.

[0179] In one embodiment, device #1 operates substantially continuously, for example, for 5 seconds, 4 seconds, 3 seconds Device #1 senses changes in heat or work at intervals of 1 second or less. In this specification, "health" refers to the ability to metabolically "adapt" in order to sustain The system automatically calculates in real time a value that uniquely reflects a function called "health ability." It is composed.

[0180] Any single parameter that underpins health ability may appear inaccurate, but those parameters Collectively, these factors become highly accurate predictors of function at a given point in time.

[0181] Device #1 is designed as a scalable automated health measurement and prediction solution, and is configured Yes, it is possible to enable real-time individual and population-based analysis on a global scale. It may be required that it be always on and non-rechargeable. To achieve this, it is pre-configured The sampling rate and frequency are automatically adjusted based on changes in the threshold or baseline. Detection by low-power sensor controlled by a firmware algorithm that adjusts the settings. Parameters suitable for the output (directly or indirectly) are selected.

[0182] Device #1 can measure health changes earlier, enabling disease prediction and prevention.

[0183] Device #1 is configured to measure changes in heat or work substantially continuously with low latency. This can be combined with data analysis to instantly calculate homeostasis and its changes. This enables the pre-symptomatic detection and prevention of diseases.

[0184] Changes in heat flow are measured using two ultra-sensitive solid-state monoliths that quantify the heat flow velocity at 1-second intervals. It is sensed by a SIC CMOS IC digital temperature sensor. This allows for changes in metabolic rate. The transformation becomes quantifiable.

[0185] Changes in work are sensed via osmolality, which ranges from 1 kHz to 1 M in 1-second intervals. By quantifying the impedance in Hz, the potential difference can be measured using a four-point contact system. This can be determined. This makes it possible to quantify the change in ion / flow rate.

[0186] Furthermore, changes in work can be sensed through non-invasive measurements of cellular mechanics and / or substructures. This can be detected at one-second intervals. This allows for changes in the dynamics of tissues, cells, and organelles. The transformation becomes quantifiable.

[0187] Device #1 is simple, affordable, and automated. Device #1 is to operate It does not require any special skills. This enables the widespread deployment of decentralized health measurement systems. Enables. Device #1 can be used for long periods of time, for example, 100 days, 200 days, 300 days, or 400 days. It is designed to have a long battery life, is disposable, and uses standard batteries, e.g., 50mA. The system is powered internally by a full-capacity 3-volt (peak charge) lithium coin cell battery. This will enable the continuous measurement of health trends over a long period of time. #1 is inexpensive, lowering the economic barrier to widespread deployment.

[0188] Device #1 virtually continuously measures health parameters and utilizes existing IoT architecture. It is configured to act as an interface with Kucha. This will enable changes before the symptoms of the disease appear. This makes it possible to detect threats early, enabling detection and learning in the event of a population-based health threat. This makes it possible to generate big datasets for this purpose.

[0189] Device #1 is designed to operate reliably in harsh environments and / or under severe conditions. It can be designed to accommodate a diverse range of civilians, first responders, and war veterans. Deployment in this area becomes possible. Device #1 can be configured to comply with HIPPA. Communication between device #1 and a standard smartphone is via encrypted Bluetooth. (Registered Trademark) Low Energy Link, especially "LESC". About the user Any personal information of the user will not be stored in the wrist sensor or via Bluetooth®. It's not like the data is sent unencrypted. Between the app and the cloud storage server... The connection is secure. At each stage, data is stationary (on the device or in the cloud). It is encrypted when it is sent.

[0190] Secure management of Protected Health Information (PHI): PHI is collected with the consent of the wearer of device #1. Only when obtained will data be collected and moved to a secure cloud. Therefore, when accessing data in the cloud, only formally anonymized data is shown. This is the result.

[0191] Device #1 may be configured to exceed the FDA requirements for FDA Class 2 devices. The sensor module is safe and isolated poly to expose only non-electrically conductive surface material. The battery-powered sensor group contained within the Mer (Delrin) encapsulation is applied to the external skin surface. It can be configured to be attached. There is no electrical contact between the internal electrical circuit and the skin.

[0192] (Platform) Wearable devices utilize FDA-approved, high-precision, low-power microelectronics. This enables the streaming of sensor data via a secure BLE connection. By default, this is implemented along with thermodynamic and activity sensing capabilities.

[0193] (Mobile application) The secure software interface layer enables cloud-based data collection. In the iOS or Android operating system that manages memory and analysis It is available to convert the raw sensor data stream into actionable health condition alerts. Make it possible.

[0194] (Sensor upgrade compatible) Multiple new sensors configured to measure changes in heat or work can be deployed. The components in the development of the Chair #1 system include the following: 1. Observation and reporting of basic principles. 2. Development of the technology concept and / or application. 3. Analytical and experimental key functions and / or specific concept validation. 4. Verification of components and / or breadboards in a laboratory environment. 5. Verification of components and / or breadboards in the relevant environment. 6. Demonstration of a system / subsystem model or prototype in the relevant environment. 7. Demonstration of the system prototype in the operating environment. 8. The actual system is completed and "flight certification" is obtained through testing and demonstration. 9. The actual system is "flight-certified" because the operation of the special mission demonstrates results. .

[0195] (Use of systems and methods to improve the properties of biological or non-biological systems) The systems and methods described herein utilize various properties of biological or non-biological systems. It is useful for improvement. By measuring and quantifying the health performance of the system, It can improve the efficiency and functionality of microorganisms in a bioreactor. For example, the health of microorganisms in a bioreactor. Use the information to measure and quantify capabilities and to optimize or adjust performance. Other examples include agricultural applications, for example, the survival rate of plants or plant systems under artificial conditions. This may include industrial agriculture or indoor farming, which can alter the sustainability of work. Further examples include work This may include primitive cells designed and manipulated to perform a certain action. In this example, health capacity is measured. By quantifying and quantifying these processes, it may be possible to enable more efficient work production.

[0196] (Use of systems and methods for quantifying, regulating, and improving human health) Automated, real-time measurement, wearable, referred to herein as Device #1 The rubble device estimates the energy balance in order to quantify metabolism in human subjects. It is configured to quantify one or more emergent properties, and thus enable the regulation or optimization of health. (As shown in Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16).

[0197] Currently, there is no agreed-upon measure of health. Health is defined as the absence of disease (symptoms). Disease metrics are lagging indicators of impaired health, so they can be used to assess health. It does not reflect the disease, and therefore cannot be optimized for actual health, not the resulting illness. Advances in our understanding have shown that early changes in inflammation can be predictors of disease. However, inflammation is also a delayed sign of the onset of the disease.

[0198] Inflammation is a common pathway that can affect any organ system in the body. The inflammatory response is related to exercise. And from a normal response to training, it is now linked to carcinogenesis and neurodegeneration. It can be induced by a series of stimuli or stresses, ranging from the mechanism to the mechanism described above. Clinical signs of inflammation are Traditionally, symptoms have included elevated fever, pain, redness, swelling, and loss of function (in Latin, calor, d The five elements are defined as color, rubor, tumor, and function (laesa). Currently, early inflammation, or so-called pro-inflammation, is considered a risk factor for disease. The parameter is water * Please pay attention to the relationship between changes in these factors and inflammation, such as temperature and swelling.

[0199] (Formula #3) Health → Metabolism → Homeostasis → Stress → Pre-inflammation → Inflammation → Organ-specific → Systemic → Disease

[0200] Device #1 enables the quantification, optimization, and regulation of health, including inflammation, pro-inflammation, Or, changes in energy balance, which are the emergent characteristics underlying health capacity that occur before disease. Measure. Health is characterized by age-dependent loss of health capacity or loss of condition. It should be noted that this can be determined in terms of the state. Device #1 is (rapidly treating the disease) It can measure seemingly small changes in health ability (that result from), or what is commonly known as "weakness." .

[0201] (Use of systems and methods for detecting and preventing disease) Automated, real-time measurement, wearable, referred to herein as Device #1 The rubble device estimates energy balance, that is, quantifies metabolism, in human subjects. It is configured to quantify one or more emergent properties, enabling early detection and prevention of disease. .

[0202] Currently, diseases are detected with a delay. As of 2020, 70% of the annual US healthcare budget is for chronic diseases. It is spent on disease management. The current standard is to use disease symptoms as a way to screen for diseases. The task is to do so. Disease symptoms are indicators of the delayed onset of the disease, and do not reveal the exact extent of the underlying injury. This obscures the facts. As a result, by the time they are detected, significant damage has occurred. This makes it difficult to understand the exact cause, increases diagnostic costs, and hinders the optimal treatment. This narrows the scope of treatment and worsens outcomes both economically and personally. These inefficiencies are common. However, the current global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2019 has revealed that Infection is not detected, the prognosis of individuals worsens, the spread expands, and containment deteriorates. .

[0203] Device #1 enables the quantification of health loss, the quantification of frailty, and the early detection and prevention of disease. Therefore, it is an emergent characteristic underlying health capacity that occurs before inflammation, pre-inflammation, or disease. Measure the changes in the energy balance. [Table 2] [Table 3]

[0204] (Data and learning engine) In one embodiment, the disclosed technology provides a novel method for measuring and learning about emergent complex adaptive systems. This relates to a specific method. Some embodiments are shown in Figures 13, 14, 15, and 16. In this context, the disclosed method is designed to identify emergent patterns of behavior in the system as a whole. Use experiments or observations. Then, the method determines what is most important among objects, individuals, or groups. Determine whether it is a connection or an interaction. Furthermore, the method involves these connections, including metabolic tasks. A simple model that incorporates the observed emergent behavior into a systematic concept that can explain it. To construct and elucidate. In doing so, to explain emergent behavior in other systems or fields. It is often useful to consider the systematic concepts used in the models presented. Furthermore, the method involves comparing the results and predictions with those from experiments or observations.

[0205] In some embodiments, the method involves a new sensor to form a new measuring tool. In some embodiments, the method This involves using existing sensors to measure new parameters. In embodiments, the method involves annotating measurements by metabolic tasks, etc. This involves using a new sensor to measure parameters.

[0206] In some embodiments, the method begins with the first principles of physics, followed by measurement and learning engines. To develop this, we use the first law of thermodynamics. Non-equilibrium materials have unique properties that self-organize. To possess characteristics, namely the adaptive or health capabilities exemplified by a "healthy" biological system. Note that non-equilibrium thermodynamics is an unfinished area of ​​physics, and in biological systems... The origin and nature of health capabilities remain a mystery. Nevertheless, the learning engine will not... To understand the energy balance of an equilibrium system, we need to consider general laws such as the conservation of energy, as well as heat. And general energy consumption such as work can be applied. In some embodiments, By continuously measuring heat and work on a sufficient scale, the learning engine He began to decipher the thermodynamics of biological systems by process of elimination, and iteratively demonstrated increasingly detailed energy balances. This is possible. If the inter-subject variation in this energy balance correlates with health outcomes, then learning The engine can learn about health capabilities. The learning engine can learn at various scales. Describes the rules of health capacity or homeostasis, and a wide range of energy across the biosphere. Further learning is possible regarding fluctuations within and between the target groups of income and expenses.

[0207] In some embodiments, data analysis (for example, as shown in Figures 15A and 15B) is performed. The data analysis method performed by the learning engine (or by a machine learning engine) has three levels of thermal feature metrics. The buck can be adapted or utilized. (Level 0): For example, thermal characteristics are very basic metrics, namely mean, variance, and maximum The minimum and maximum values ​​can be usefully quantified. These metrics / statistics are useful for health It can be used directly as an indicator of a state or its change. Example #1: The average value of this thermal characteristic is 2.3. Example #2: The minimum value of this thermal characteristic over the past 24 hours is -0.2. (Level 1): For example, more advanced metrics of thermal characteristics can be used to understand biological mechanisms and circadian health. It is built by incorporating an understanding of health. For example, metrics of circadian rhythms, such as diurnal stability. Nonparametric statistics of sex (IS), diurnal variation (IV), and circadian structure, etc. Circadian analysis Other parametric methods for this involve cosiner fitting. It can be applied to any signal that has a period component. There are many metrics in this category. The fitting of the parameters can become extremely complex, and each parameter It is an independent metric of health capacity that has more informational value than simple level 0 statistics. To obtain. Also, this level is, for example, a component of human input and / or human training. This may also include / or automated learning, such as artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML). Example #1: The day-to-day stability of this thermal characteristic is 0.42. Example #2: In the time series prediction of a recently trained long-short-term memory (LSTM) network... Therefore, the parameter at index #4.45.2 has a value of -2.56. (Level 2): ​​Level 1 metrics can be extremely informative, but not necessarily between individuals. It is not possible to interpret or transition between them. Level 2 metrics are single metrics These limitations are addressed by comparing the individual to past baseline data. Use wearable devices to continuously collect thermal characteristics over a period of weeks or months. By designing, a detailed baseline can be built. This allows for high reliability and significance in the measurement of changes in the thermal characteristics metric. • Example #1: The inter-day stability of this thermal characteristic is 0.42, or 78 percent compared to the typical value of the previous month. It is a stylistic choice. Example #2: The rolling mean of the time-resolved percentile score of the thermal feature is 9.2. This suggests a significant decrease in peripheral perfusion.

[0208] (Machine learning and predictive modeling for health) In one aspect, the disclosed technology, in accordance with machine-readable instructions, maximizes the health capabilities of a biological system. By increasing the severity of or predicting and preventing the target disease, the quality of life can be improved or individual New measures of health and mechanisms to enable the body to efficiently manage / regulate its health. This concerns a new method for automating the trick, as shown in Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14. In some embodiments, the new measure is water * Based on its unique physical and chemical properties This can be direct or indirect. The learning engine uses each of the unique properties of the water it measures. Machine learning algorithms can assign estimated biochemical functions to health performance. It is possible to quantify force and learn the rules of health capacity or homeostasis of the measured biological system. Machine learning algorithms further learn how life appeared or began. Alternatively, it could offer a perspective on how life appeared or began. Or, machines Learning algorithms enable discovery and development in biological and medical technologies. By extracting data from scales, we can learn the rules that govern modern biochemistry. Furthermore, machine learning algorithms Gorism extracts measurements, provides insights, and enables the design and manipulation of primitive cells. / or is configured and designed to learn the rules.

[0209] In some embodiments, the machine learning algorithm uses energy based on the first law of thermodynamics. Analyze the ghee balance. For example, the algorithm considers thermal properties (exothermic activity) and electrical properties (ion movement). , and changes in structure (micro-physiological function measurement), or other forms of cellular function in real time It can be calculated in im.

[0210] In some embodiments, machine learning algorithms measure the energy of a biological system. Based on consumption, the energy balance of the biological system is calculated. In some embodiments, Machine learning algorithms can learn the rules of homeostasis in biological systems.

[0211] One aspect of the disclosed technology is a system that receives from multiple physiological and / or contextual sensors To create a wide range of algorithms for generating information related to various variables from data. This concerns the development process of advanced algorithms for this purpose. Such variables include resting state, active state , and energy expenditure including total values, daily calorie intake, getting into bed, onset of sleep, Sleep states, including sleep interruption, waking up, and getting out of bed, as well as exercise, sitting, and driving. It may include movement and activity states including lying down without limitation, and generates values ​​for such variables. The algorithm for this purpose uses, for example, a two-axis accelerometer, a heat flow sensor, a GSR sensor, and skin temperature sensors. This is obtained based on data from sensors, a body-near ambient temperature sensor, and a heart rate sensor.

[0212] There are several types of algorithms that can be used to calculate this. For example, but not limited to these, This includes user characteristics, continuous measurement, sustained context, instantaneous events, and cumulative state. Includes an algorithm for predicting the user's state. User characteristics include weight, height, and the wearer's personal information. Includes the wearer's permanent and semi-permanent parameters, including the nature of information. Continuous measurement. An example is energy consumption, which is the number of calories consumed by the wearer. For example, measure continuously every minute. A continuous context is sleep, driving, or jogging. These are behaviors that last for a certain period of time. Instantaneous events are constant events such as a heart attack or a fall. It occurs in a time period or a very short time period. The cumulative state is the state of the person This can be estimated from the behavior over some period of time. For example, a person sleeping for 36 hours. If you haven't eaten for 10 hours, you are likely fatigued.

[0213] The technology being disclosed automates the physiological and contextual state of the wearer. It can be used as a method for that purpose. The system can determine what activities the user was involved in, Did any events like the above occur, how did the user's physiological state change over time, and A journal of when a user experienced or was likely to experience a particular state. It can be generated dynamically. For example, the system can record when the user exercised and when the car was driven. In addition to generating records of whether they did, slept, were at risk of heat stress, or ate, Daily data on the user's hydration level, energy expenditure level, sleep level, and wakefulness level. It is possible to generate a record of the bell.

[0214] In some embodiments, a line is used to map data from multiple sensors to a desired variable. A geometric or nonlinear mathematical model or algorithm is constructed. This process involves several steps. It consists of [something]. First, the subject wearing the wearable device is subjected to real-world conditions as closely as possible. To place the subject in a similar situation (with respect to the parameters being measured) and to ensure that the subject is not endangered, The variables predicted by the proposed algorithm are obtained using extremely precise medical-grade laboratory equipment. This allows for highly reliable and simultaneous measurement, and data is collected based on the target. The first step involves the following two, which will then be used as input to the algorithm development process. The data consists of two sets: (i) raw data from a wearable device, and (ii) The proposed solution provides data consisting of optimal reference labels measured with more accurate laboratory equipment. When the variables predicted by the algorithm relate to context detection, such as car travel. The optimal reference data is information manually entered into a wearable device or PC, or manually The information recorded is provided by the subject itself, etc. The collected data, i.e. Both the raw data and the corresponding optimal criterion indicator data are then compiled into a database. It is divided into a practice set and a test set.

[0215] Next, using the training set data, we associate the raw data with the corresponding optimal criterion marker data. We will construct a mathematical model that enables this. Specifically, we will use various machine learning techniques to create two types The algorithm, i.e., 1) levels measured in the laboratory (e.g., metabolic cart, Douglas Bakr) Feature detection that produces results highly correlated with VO2 level information from a bag or doubly labeled water. 1) An algorithm known as the output device, and 2) various contexts useful for the entire algorithm Contextual detection to predict actions (e.g., running, exercising, lying down, sleeping, driving). An algorithm known as an output device is generated. In this step, an artificial neural network is used. Attribute selection by decision tree, memory-based method, boosting, cross-validation, and probability Many machine learning techniques, including target search methods such as pseudo-annealing and evolutionary computation, It can be used. After a suitable set of feature detectors and context detectors is found, how many This machine learning method cross-validates the model using training data, and the quality of the model on the data. It is used to enhance [something]. The techniques used at this stage include multiple linear regression and local additive regression. Multiple regression, decision trees, artificial neural networks, stochastic search methods, support vector machines This includes, but is not limited to, , and model trees.

[0216] At this stage, the model makes predictions, for example, every minute. Next, the predictions every minute are incorporated. By creating an overall model, the impact of each minute is taken into account. In this step, To utilize the temporal continuity of the data, windowing and threshold optimization tools are used. It can be used. Finally, in a test set that has not yet been used to create the algorithm, The performance of the model in the test set can be evaluated. Therefore, the model in the test set can be evaluated. Performance is the expected performance of the algorithm on other unseen data. It estimates well. Finally, the algorithm is actually tested with new data for further validation. You can take the exam.

[0217] Further information on the types of nonlinear functions and / or machine learning methods that may be used in the disclosed technology. Examples include conditioning, case statements, logical processing, probabilistic or logical reasoning, and neural networks. Network processing, kernel-based methods, memory-based lookup (kNN, SO) M) Decision lists, decision tree prediction, support vector machine prediction, clustering, booth Ted's method, cascade correlation, Boltzmann classifier, regression tree, case-based inference, Gauss, Be Iznet, dynamic Bayesian network, HMM, Kalman filter, Gaussian process, A Lugorism predictors (e.g., trained by evolutionary computation or other program synthesis tools) Includes (things).

[0218] (Digital processing devices) In some embodiments, the platform, medium, method, and a described herein The application includes digital processing devices, processors, or the use thereof. In one embodiment, the digital processing device has one or more hardware that perform the functions of the device. Includes a hardware central processing unit (CPU). In further embodiments, digital processing The device further configures the operating system to issue executable instructions. Includes. In some embodiments, the digital processing device optionally has a computer network. It is connected to the interface. In a further embodiment, the digital processing device optionally has an interface. - Connected to the internet and allowed to access the World Wide Web. In one embodiment, the digital processing device optionally provides a cloud computing infrastructure. It is connected to the lastr. In other embodiments, the digital processing device is optionally It is connected to an intranet. In other embodiments, the digital processing device is optionally It connects to a data storage device.

[0219] Appropriate digital processing devices, as described herein, include, as a non-limiting example, a Surfing. Desktop computers, laptop computers, notebooks Computer, subnotebook computer, netbook computer, netpack Computers, set-top computers, handheld computers, internet computers Mobile devices, mobile smartphones, tablet computers, personal digital assistants, video games Including aircraft and vehicles. Those skilled in the art will see that many smartphones are systems as described herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is suitable for use in any computer. Selective TVs, video players, and digital music players with network connectivity. -Yar will recognize that it is suitable for use in the system described herein. Suitable tablet computers are booklet type, slate type, etc., as known to those skilled in the art. This includes those with a convertible configuration.

[0220] In some embodiments, the digital processing device is configured to provide executable instructions. This includes the operating system. The operating system is, for example, a device A platform that manages hardware and provides services for running applications. This is software including programs and data. Those skilled in the art will know how to perform appropriate server operations. As non-specific examples, the scalar system includes FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and NetBSD. (Registered Trademark), Linux, Apple(Registered Trademark) MacOSX Server (Registered Trademark) Oracle® Solaris®, Windows Server Includes ver (registered trademark), Novell (registered trademark), and NetWare (registered trademark). Those skilled in the art will recognize that a suitable personal computer operating system As a non-exclusive example, the system is Microsoft (registered trademark) Windows (registered Trademarks), Apple®, MacOSX®, UNIX®, and and UNIX-like operating systems, including GNU / Linux®. They will recognize that. In some embodiments, the operating system is a class Provided by Udo Computing. Also, those skilled in the art can find suitable mobile smart The phone's operating system is, as a non-exclusive example, Nokia® S ymbian(registered trademark)OS, Apple(registered trademark) iOS(registered trademark), Rese arch In Motion (registered trademark), BlackBerry OS (registered trademark), Google®, Android®, Microsoft® Windows Phone® OS, Microsoft® Wi Windows Mobile® OS, Linux®, and Palm You will be aware that this includes the registered trademark WebOS.

[0221] In some embodiments, the device includes a storage unit and / or a memory device. The unit and / or memory device are for temporarily or permanently storing data or programs. It is one or more physical devices used for this purpose. In some embodiments, the device is volatile It is a power memory that requires power to maintain the stored information. In some embodiments Furthermore, the device is non-volatile memory, and power is not supplied to the digital processing device. At that time, the stored information is retained. In a further embodiment, the non-volatile memory is flash memory. Includes memory. In some embodiments, non-volatile memory is dynamic random access. This includes DRAM. In some embodiments, the non-volatile memory is a ferroelectric lamp. Includes Dumb Access Memory (FRAM®). In some embodiments, non-volatile The phase-change memory includes phase-change random access memory (PRAM). In some embodiments, Non-volatile memory includes magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM). Other embodiments In this context, devices include, in non-exclusive examples, CD-ROMs, DVDs, and flash memory. Devices, magnetic disk drives, magnetic tape drives, optical disk drives, and A storage device including a memory unit based on loud computing. Further embodiments In this context, the storage unit and / or memory device is a device such as those disclosed herein. This is the combination.

[0222] In some embodiments, the digital processing device transmits visual information to the user. Includes a display. In some embodiments, the display is a cathode ray tube (CRT). Yes. In some embodiments, the display is a liquid crystal display (LCD). In one of the embodiments, the display is a thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT- In some embodiments, the display is an organic light-emitting diode (OLE). D) A display. In various further embodiments, an OLED display is Passive matrix OLED (PMOLED) or active matrix OLED (AMOLED) It is an OLED display. In some embodiments, the display is a plasma display. It is a display. In some embodiments, the display is e-paper or e ink. In other embodiments, the display is a video projector. In one embodiment, the display is a combination of devices such as those disclosed herein. That is the case.

[0223] In some embodiments, the digital processing device receives information from the user. Includes an input device. In some embodiments, the input device is a keyboard. In an embodiment, the input device is, in non-limiting examples, a mouse, a trackball, Point-of-view devices including trackpads, joysticks, game controllers, or styluses. It is an input device. In some embodiments, the input device is a touchscreen or It is a multi-touch screen. In other embodiments, the input device is voice or other This is a microphone for capturing sound input. In another embodiment, the input device A sensor is a video camera or other sensor used to capture motion or visual input. In one embodiment, the input device is a Kinect, Leap Motion, etc. In further embodiments, the input device is a device such as those disclosed herein. It's a combination of chairs.

[0224] (Non-temporary computer-readable storage medium) In some embodiments, the platform, medium, method, and a described herein The application operates a networked digital processing device. One or more non-transient programs that encode instructions that can be executed by the system. Includes a computer-readable storage medium. In a further embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium The body is a tangible component of a digital processing device. In further embodiments, Computer-readable storage media can be optionally removed from digital processing devices. In one embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium is, in a non-limiting example, a CD-ROM. DVDs, flash memory devices, solid-state memory, magnetic disk drives , magnetic tape drives, optical disc drives, and cloud computing systems This includes systems and services, etc. In some cases, programs and instructions are not permanently stored on any medium. It is encoded substantially permanently, semi-permanently, or non-temporarily.

[0225] (Computer program) In some embodiments, the platform, medium, method, and a described herein An application includes at least one computer program, or the use thereof. A computer program is a program that can perform specific tasks on the CPU of a digital processing device. It includes a sequence of instructions written to perform a specific task. Computer-readable instructions are for performing a specific task. A program module that performs or implements a specific abstract data type, such as a function or object. Application programming interfaces (APIs), and data structures, etc. It can be implemented as follows. Considering the disclosures provided herein, a person skilled in the art can use a computer You will realize that data programs can be written in various versions of various languages.

[0226] The computer-readable instruction function can be combined or separated as desired in various environments. It can be scattered. In some embodiments, a computer program is a sequence of instructions. Includes a sequence of instructions. In some embodiments, the computer program is a sequence of multiple instructions. Includes a program. In some embodiments, the computer program is provided from one location. In other embodiments, the computer program is provided from multiple locations. In various embodiments, a computer program comprises one or more software modules. Includes. In various embodiments, the computer program is partially or entirely , one or more web applications, one or more mobile applications, one or more A standalone application, one or more web browser plugin extensions, This includes add-ins, add-ons, or combinations thereof.

[0227] (Web application) In some embodiments, the computer program includes a web application. With regard to the disclosures provided herein, a person skilled in the art will see that web applications can be of various kinds One or more software frameworks and one or more databases in the embodiment They will be aware that they will be using the system. In some embodiments, a web application The term is a software framework, such as Microsoft®. It is created on ET or Ruby on Rails (RoR), etc. Some embodiments In this context, web applications are, in non-restrictive examples, relational, non-relay. One or more systems including central, object-oriented, associative, and XML database systems A database system is used. In a further embodiment, an appropriate relational database is used. Database systems, as a non-exclusive example, include Microsoft® SQL Server. This includes macOS, MySQL (trademark), and Oracle (registered trademark). Furthermore, those skilled in the art may use the following: Web applications in various embodiments one or more versions of one or more languages You will recognize that it is written in one or more markups. A web application is one or more markups. Presentation language, presentation definition language, client-side scripting language, server-side It can be written in a coding language, a database query language, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the web application uses a markup language, for example, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Hypertext Markup It is written to some extent in a language (XHTML) or an extensible markup language (XML). In some embodiments, the web application is a presentation definition language. It is written to some extent using language, for example, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). In one embodiment of the part, the web application uses a client-side scripting language. For example, asynchronous Javascript and XML (AJAX), Flash (registered trademark) ActionScript, JavaScript, or Silverlight (Register It is written to some extent in trademarks, etc. In some embodiments, web applications This is a server-side coding language, such as Active Server Pages. ASP), ColdFusion (registered trademark), Perl, Java (trademark), Java Server Pages (JSP), Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), Python(TM), Ruby, Tcl, Smalltalk, WebD It is written to some extent in NA (registered trademark) or Groovy, etc. In some embodiments And web applications use database query languages, such as structured queries. It is written to some extent in languages ​​such as SQR. In some embodiments, it is a web application. The application is an enterprise server product, such as IBM® Lotus Domino. It incorporates o(registered trademark), etc. In some embodiments, the web application is Includes media player elements. In various further embodiments, media player elements Examples of non-exclusive examples include Adobe® Flash® and HTML. 5. Apple® QuickTime®, Microsoft® Registered trademarks) Silverlight (registered trademark), Java (trademark), and Unity (registered trademark) Utilize one or more of the many appropriate multimedia technologies, including registered trademarks.

[0228] (Mobile application) In some embodiments, a computer program is used in a mobile digital processing device. Includes a mobile application provided to. In some embodiments, the mobile app The technology is provided to mobile digital processing devices when they are manufactured. In other embodiments, the mobile application is a computer as described herein. It is provided to mobile digital processing devices via a computer network.

[0229] Considering the disclosures provided herein, mobile applications utilize this technology. Using known hardware, languages, and development environments, and by techniques known to those skilled in the art... It is created by... A person skilled in the art will know that a mobile application can be written in several languages. They will recognize. Suitable programming languages, as non-exclusive examples, include C, C++, and C #, Objective-C, Java(trademark), Javascript, Pascal , Object Pascal, Python (trademark), Ruby, VB.NET, WM This includes L, and XHTML / HTML with or without CSS, or a combination thereof.

[0230] A suitable mobile application development environment is available from several sources. Commercially available development environments include, but are not limited to, AirplaySDK, alcheMo, and A ppcelerator®, Celsius, Bedrock, Flash Lite, .NET Compact Framework, Rhomobile, and Includes WorkLight Mobile Platform. Other development environments are costly. It is available in and, as a non-exclusive example, Lazarus, MobiFlex, MoS Including ync and Phonegap. Also, manufacturers of mobile devices may use non-limited Examples include the iPhone and iPad (iOS) SDK and the Android (trademark) SDK. BlackBerry(registered trademark) SDK, BREW SDK, Palm(registered trademark) OS SDK, Symbian SDK, webOS SDK, Windows (registered trademark) They distribute software development kits, including the MobileSDK.

[0231] Those skilled in the art may, as a non-limiting example, use Apple® App Store, and Android®Market, BlackBerry®AppWorld App Store for Palm devices, App Catalog for webOS, Windows® Marketplace for mobile devices, Nokia® (Registered Trademark) Ovi Store for devices, Samsung® Apps, and Ni Several commercial forums, including the ntendo(registered trademark) DSi Shop, are mobile You will recognize that it can be used for distributing applications.

[0232] (Standalone application) In some embodiments, a computer program is an add-on to an existing process. Instead, for example, a program that runs as an independent computer process rather than a plugin. This includes standalone applications that are RAM. Those skilled in the art will know that standalone applications You will realize that applications are often compiled. A compiler is, Source code written in a programming language can be translated into assembly language or machine code. This is a computer program that converts to Inari object code. Suitable programming languages ​​include, as non-exclusive examples, C, C++, Objective- C, COBOL, Delphi, Eiffel, Java(TM), Lisp, Python on(trademark), Visual Basic, and VB.NET, or any combination thereof. Hmm. Compilation often creates a program that is at least partially executable. It is carried out in such a way. In some embodiments, a computer program is one or more components. Includes a programmed executable application.

[0233] (Software module) In some embodiments, the platform, medium, method, and a described herein The application is a software, server, and / or database module, or This includes the use of such. Considering the disclosures provided herein, the software mod The roulette uses machines, software, and languages ​​known to those skilled in the art. Created by the technology of. The software modules disclosed herein are created in numerous ways This is implemented in various embodiments. In various embodiments, the software module is a file, code Includes part of, programming objects, programming structures, or combinations thereof. Furthermore, in various embodiments, the software module includes multiple files, code Multiple parts of, multiple programming objects, multiple programming structures, or this This includes combinations of these. In various embodiments, one or more software modules are Examples of non-exclusive applications include web applications, mobile applications, and standard Includes door loan applications. In some embodiments, software modules It is located within a single computer program or application. In other embodiments A software module is a computer program or application that contains more than one computer program. It is located within the machine. In some embodiments, the software module is located within the machine. Provided. In other embodiments, the software module is provided for one or more machines. It is provided as follows. In a further embodiment, the software module is cloud-based. It is provided on the voting platform. In some embodiments, it is soft The wear module is provided in one or more machines in one location. In other embodiments... In this context, the software module is provided on one or more machines in two or more locations. It can be done.

[0234] (Database) In some embodiments, the platforms, systems, media, and described herein are used. The method includes one or more databases, or the use thereof. Considering the indications, a person skilled in the art would see that many databases use barcodes, roots, parcels, and user codes. It will be recognized that it is suitable for storing and retrieving various network information. In an embodiment, a suitable database is, as a non-limiting example, relational data Base, non-relational database, object-oriented database, object Databases, entity-relational model databases, associative databases, and XML databases Includes a database. In some embodiments, the database is internet-based. In further embodiments, the database is web-based. In its form, the database is cloud computing-based. Other embodiments In this system, the database is based on one or more local computer storage devices.

[0235] Preferred embodiments of the disclosed technology are shown and described herein, but such embodiments It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes only. Without needing to do so, a number of variations, modifications, and substitutions will now be conceived by those skilled in the art. Various modifications to the embodiments of the present invention described herein may be used in putting the present invention into practice. You need to understand what you gain.

[0236] (Web browser plugin) In some embodiments, the computer program includes a web browser plugin. In computing, plug-ins are used in larger software applications. A software application is one or more software components that add specific functionality to a system. The manufacturer of the application can create the ability for third-party developers to extend the application. To support the easy addition of new features to the application Plugins are supported to reduce the size. This allows for customization of the functionality of software applications. For example, Plugi Generally, it plays videos, creates interactions, scans for viruses, and performs specific actions. Used in web browsers to display file types. Those skilled in the art know Adobe ( (Registered trademarks) Flash Player, Microsoft (Registered trademark) Si Iverlight (registered trademark) and Apple (registered trademark) QuickTime (registered trademark) You will likely be familiar with several web browser plugins, including some registered trademarks. In this configuration, the toolbar is one or more web browser extensions, add-ins, or Includes Doon. In some embodiments, the toolbar is one or more Explorer bars. , including tool bands or desk bands.

[0237] In light of the disclosures provided herein, a person skilled in the art will, as a non-limiting example, know that C++ , Delphi, Java(TM), PHP, Python(TM), and VB.NET Plugins can be developed using various programming languages, including combinations thereof. You will find that several plugin frameworks are available.

[0238] Web browsers (also called internet browsers) are used on the World Wide Web. In order to search, present, and navigate information resources, a network-connected digital It is a software application designed for use with processing devices. A suitable web browser is, as an example, Microsoft® In Internet Explorer (registered trademark), Mozilla Firefox (registered trademark) ox(registered trademark), Google(registered trademark) Chrome, Apple(registered trademark) S afari (registered trademark), Opera Software (registered trademark), Opera (registered trademark) Including trademarks, and KDE Konqueror. In some embodiments, web browsers Uza is a mobile web browser. (Mobile web browser (microbrowser, microbrowser)) A non-exclusive example of a handheld web browser (also called a wireless browser) is a handheld web browser. Computers, tablet computers, netbooks, subnotebooks Data, smartphones, music players, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld video cameras Designed for use in mobile digital processing devices, including game systems. Yes. A suitable mobile web browser is, as an example, Google (Registered Trademark). (Trademark) Android(registered trademark) browser, RIM BlackBerry(registered trademark) Browsers: Apple® Safari®, Palm® Lazer, Palm® WebOS® browser, Mobile for Mo Zilla®, Firefox®, Microsoft® Internet Explorer (registered trademark) Mobile, Amazon (registered trademark) (Trademark) Kindle® Basic Web, Nokia® Browser, Opera Software®, Opera® Mobile, and Includes Sony® registered trademark PSP® browser.

[0239] (Sensor integration / signal processing) The system being disclosed consists of two components for calculating the corresponding physiological or environmental data. Data from the above sensors can be used (for example, two or more sensors used in combination). (Data from the survey).

[0240] In one embodiment, the disclosed system also communicates with other devices, such as mobile phones. Includes a Near Field Communication (NFC) receiver / transmitter for detecting proximity of devices. When device 2 is in close proximity or detectably close, a new function of the second device is initiated (e.g.) For example, launching a mobile phone "app" and transferring physiological data from one device to another. It can activate the wireless synchronization of the device.

[0241] In another embodiment, the disclosed system includes GPS or location-related data and heart rate-related data. To generate the linked data, a position sensor (e.g., a GPS circuit) and a heart rate sensor are used. (For example, a photoplethysmography circuit) is included. The system disclosed thereafter is an example For example, physiological data (e.g., heart rate, stress, activity level, sleep duration, and / or other factors) To determine, correlate, and / or "map" geographical areas according to lorikeet intake, The data from these two sensors / circuits can be merged, processed, and / or combined. The system disclosed in this manner includes heart rate, stress, activity level, sleep volume, and / or This includes, but is not limited to, calorie intake, and increases the number of measurable user metrics. It is possible to identify the geographical areas that will be reduced.

[0242] In addition, or instead, the disclosed system may include, for example, (measured by GPS). User acceleration, velocity (as determined and / or determined from GPS-related data), The user's mental state is determined according to their activity level, such as by their location and / or the distance they traveled. GPS-related data and photoplethysmography-related data to determine or correlate the heart rate. Linked data (in particular, each of which can be considered a data stream) can be used. In one embodiment, the heart rate as a function of velocity is "plotted" for the user. The data obtained or obtained is based on sleep, rest, sedentary, moderately active, active, and extremely It can be classified into various levels, including but not limited to active levels.

[0243] In fact, biometric monitoring devices also collect GPS-related data in a set of predetermined states. It is possible to correlate a state with a database of predetermined geographical locations that associate activities with that state. For example, Activity decisions and corresponding physiological classifications (e.g., heart rate classifications) are used in exercise equipment and health clubs. , and / or include a correlation between the user's GPS coordinates corresponding to the gym's location and physiological data. To obtain. In these situations, for example, the heart rate of a user during a workout at the gym can be automatically measured. It can be measured and displayed. In particular, many physiological classifications include position, acceleration, altitude, distance, and / or based on GPS-related data including speed, geographical data, and physiological data. These databases, including those found in biometric monitoring devices and / or external computers, It can be aggregated, constructed, and stored in a recording device. In fact, in one embodiment, Users can create their own location database to better categorize their activities, This can be added to or modified in the location database.

[0244] In other embodiments, a user may wear multiple devices simultaneously. A device is, for example, For example, biometric measurements that may be difficult or inaccurate to calculate using other methods such as pulse propagation time. Alternatively, wired or wireless circuits may be used to calculate physiological quality or quantity, either between them or remotely. It can communicate with devices. Furthermore, by using multiple sensors, the accuracy of a single sensor can be improved. It may improve the accuracy and / or precision of biometric measurements rather than just the waist. For example, waist, By having devices on the wrist and ankle, a single device is provided at only one of those locations. It can improve detection of user movement compared to other devices. Signal processing is performed on a single device. To improve measurements compared to conventional methods, measurements are performed using multiple devices in a distributed or aggregated manner. This is possible. Furthermore, this signal processing can be performed remotely, and the results can be communicated back to the device after processing.

[0245] (Assigning a processing task) The disclosed system may include one or more processors. For example, an independent application The sensor processor consists of one or more sensor processors (physiological, environmental, and / or activity sensors). Sensor data acquired and processed by a processor that processes data from sensors is utilized It can be used to store and run applications that use it. Also, multiple sensors If present, multiple sensor processors may also exist. The application processor is It may also have sensors directly connected to it. Sensor processor and application The processor may exist as a separate, individual chip, or as part of the same package chip (multicore). ) may exist within. The device is a single application processor, or application Application processor and sensor processor, or multiple application processors and sensors It may have a subprocessor.

[0246] In one embodiment, the sensor package consists entirely of analog components. It can be placed on a board. This board contains a transimpedance amplifier, a filter circuit, This includes level shifters, sample-and-hold circuits, and microcontroller units, etc. It may have some of the electronic devices typically found on a main PCB, but is not limited to these. With this configuration, the daughterboard has analog connections in addition to any necessary power and ground connections. It can be connected to the main PCB using digital connections. This reduces noise and the amount of cable required compared to connecting from an analog daughter to the main PCB. It may have various advantages, including but not limited to a reduction in the number of components. Daughterboards are It can be connected to the main board using a REX cable or a set of wires.

[0247] Multiple applications can be stored on the application processor. An application consists of executable code and data for the application, but this This is not limited to the above. The data may be graphics or other information necessary for the execution of the application. It may be, or it may be information output generated by the application. Both executable code and data for the application may reside on the application processor. Alternatively, data for applications may be stored in and retrieved from external memory. Memory includes NAND flash, NOR flash, other processor flash, and others. This may include, but is not limited to, solid-state memory units, mechanical or optical disks, and RAM. I can't.

[0248] The executable code for the application may be stored in external memory. When requested to execute, the application processor retrieves data from external storage. Retrieve executable code and / or data and execute it. The executable code is, This can be temporarily or permanently stored in the memory or storage unit of the application processor. This eliminates the search step in the next execution request, making the application more efficient. It can run quickly. When an application is requested to run, the app The application processor is the executable code of the application, or executable code. It is possible to obtain a portion of the code. In the latter case, one of the executable codes required at that time. Only the part is retrieved. This allows you to obtain more than the memory or storage part of the application processor. It can run large applications.

[0249] Furthermore, the application processor allows applications to communicate with other applications. Overwrite, break the sensor system, application processor, or other components of the system. It may have memory protection features to prevent loss, interruption, blocking, or interference.

[0250] The application utilizes USB®, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth®. This includes Bluetooth® Low Energy, NFC, RFID, and Zigbee. Applications via various wired, wireless, optical, and capacitive mechanisms, not limited to these. It can be loaded into a processor and any external storage device.

[0251] Applications can be encrypted and signed with digital signatures. SSA can restrict its execution to applications that have the correct signature.

[0252] (How to attach the device) The system being disclosed will measure user activity when the device is connected to the user. In a manner that does not clearly affect the user's body during normal operation, the device It may include a housing having a size and shape that facilitates securing. Depending on the standard sensor package and the data the user wants to acquire, the device can be used in various ways. It can be worn.

[0253] The user uses a flexible band that is therefore easily adaptable to the user, One or more of the indicated systems may be worn on the wrist or ankle (or arm or leg). The band is The band may have an adjustable circumference and therefore can be fitted to the user. It may be made of a material that shrinks when exposed to heat, and therefore the user can customize the fit. It can create the band, which is the "electronic device" part of the biometric monitoring device. It can be removed and replaced as needed.

[0254] In the embodiment, the biometric monitoring device has two main components, namely this From the body (including "electronic devices") and the band (to make it easier for the user to attach the device) The main body consists of a housing (for example, made from plastic or a plastic-like material), and It may include an extended tab (for example, made of metal or a metallic material) protruding from the main body. The band (for example, made from thermoplastic polyurethane) is attached to the body mechanically or adhesively. It is attachable. The band can extend to a fraction of the user's wrist circumference. Urethane band The distal end of the band is secured with Velcro, forming a loop around the D-ring on one side, and then returning to itself. It can be connected by elastic fabric bands of hooks and / or loops that can be attached. In terms of form, the closure mechanism allows the user to infinitely adjust the length of the band. (Different from index holes and mechanical clasp closures). Velcro or fabric. (For example, if the device is worn out or not installed before the end of its service life or lifespan) If not, it can be attached to the band in a way that allows it to be replaced. In one embodiment In this case, Velcro or fabric is secured by screws or rivets and / or adhesives, tacks and / or It can be attached to the band with a clasp.

[0255] Furthermore, the systems to be disclosed include necklaces, chest bands, bras, patches, glasses, and It can be attached by being incorporated into earrings or toe bands. The device is a biometric monitoring device. The sensor package / part of the device may be constructed in a removable manner, as described above. It can be attached in any number of ways, including but not limited to those methods.

[0256] In other embodiments, the disclosed system is attached to an article of clothing or clothing ( For example, put it in your pocket or in your clothing (for example, a handbag, backpack, or wallet). This is possible. The biometric monitoring device may not be in close proximity to the user's skin. Therefore, in embodiments that include heart rate measurement, the measured value is manually controlled by the user using the device to a specific location. To enable it (for example, by pressing a button, or in some cases by using a button / sensor with a heart rate sensor) In an "on-demand" context, such as embedding a capacitive touch sensor or covering it, The device automatically activates when the user places the device on their skin (for example, by placing a finger over the optical heart rate sensor). They can be obtained individually.

[0257] (User interface with the device) The disclosed systems include one or more systems that interact with devices, either locally or remotely. This may include the following methods.

[0258] In one embodiment, the disclosed system visualizes data using a digital display. It can be communicated perceptually. Physical embodiments of this display include LED, LCD, AMOLE D, E-Ink, Sharp display technology, graphic displays, and others Display technologies such as TN, HTN, STN, FSTN, TFT, IPS, and O Any one or more displays, including but not limited to LET, The technology may be used. This display uses data obtained or stored locally on the device. Data that may indicate a data entry, or data obtained remotely from another device or internet service. The device may display data. The device may control or adjust the screen backlight. A sensor (e.g., an ambient light sensor, "ALS") may be used. For example, in dim lighting conditions... In addition, the display can be dimmed to save battery life, while in bright lighting conditions... Furthermore, the display can increase its brightness to make it easier for the user to read.

[0259] In other embodiments, the device may use monochromatic or multicolored LEDs to indicate the device's status. D may be used. The status indicated by the device is the status of biometric measurements, such as heart rate, or app This may include the status of the communication, such as whether an incoming message was received or whether a goal was achieved. However, it is not limited to these. These states include the LED color, on, off, and intermediate intensity. The pulse (and / or its speed), and / or the light intensity from completely off to maximum brightness. This can be indicated by the pattern. In one embodiment, the LED is the phase of the user's heart rate. Furthermore, its intensity and / or color can be changed depending on the frequency.

[0260] In this embodiment, the use of an E-Ink display enables the non-reflective display The display can be kept on without draining the battery. This "always-on" feature allows even For example, in the case of a clock where the user can simply glance at the device to check the time, a comfortable user - It can provide the experience. E-Ink displays contribute to the device's battery life. It constantly displays content, allowing users to see the time as they would on a traditional clock. can.

[0261] The device modulates the amplitude of the emitted light with the frequency of the user's heart rate. Light, such as an LED, may be used to display the heart rate of the user. The color (e.g., green, red) or the sequence of LEDs that light up according to changes in heart rate (e.g.) For example, a progress bar may indicate heart rate zones (e.g., aerobic, anaerobic). The device may be incorporated into other devices or structures, such as eyeglasses or goggles. This information may be captured, or communicated with glasses or goggles to display this information to the user. Furthermore, the disclosed system transmits information to the user through the physical movement of the device. It is possible. One embodiment of such a method for moving a device physically is to induce vibration. This involves the use of a motor. The device can use this method alone, or in combination with other motion induction technologies. It can be used in combination with [another device]. Furthermore, the device can communicate information to the user via voice. A Pika may convey information through the use of voice tones, voices, songs, or other sounds.

[0262] The disclosed system uses wireless and It may be equipped with a and / or wired communication circuit. For example, the disclosed system may include heart rate, heart rate variability , and / or to give the user real-time feedback on stress, blue Tooth® Low Energy may be able to communicate with mobile phones. The system may instruct the user to breathe in a specific way that reduces stress. Users may be awarded "points." Stress is measured by heart rate, heart rate variability, skin temperature, and exercise. It can be quantified or evaluated by changes in activity data and / or skin electrophysiological responses.

[0263] The disclosed system accepts input from users via one or more local or remote input methods. Force can be received. One embodiment of such local user input is the user's movement. A sensor or set of sensors may be used to convert these movements into commands to the system. This may include, but is not limited to, pulling, rotating the wrist, bending one or more muscles, and shaking. This is not limited to capacitive touch buttons and capacitive screens. Other user input methods include capacitive touch buttons and capacitive screens. This is not limited to the types of buttons and mechanical buttons, but is achieved by using a predetermined type of button. In one embodiment, the user interface button may be made of metal. Additionally, if the screen uses capacitive touch detection, such as pressing a physical button... Without any intervention event, arbitrary gestures or inputs are constantly being sampled and readily responsive. Furthermore, the device can take input using voice commands. All of these input methods This can be built into the device locally, or via either a wired or wireless connection. This can be incorporated into remote devices that can communicate with the device. Furthermore, the user can remotely connect to the device. The device can be operated via an interface. In one embodiment, this remote device can be operated via an interface. It may have internet connectivity.

[0264] In one embodiment, the disclosed system is for gently waking a user from sleep. It can function as a vibration alarm worn on the wrist. The biometric monitoring device is Heart rate, heart rate variability, skin electrical response, motion sensing (e.g., accelerometer, gyroscope, By measuring one or a combination of a magnetometer and skin temperature, the user's sleep quality, wakefulness period, and sleep Latency, sleep efficiency, sleep stages (e.g., deep sleep vs. REM), and / or other sleep-related metrics. It can track the user. The user can specify the desired alarm time, and the present invention can wake the user up as soon as possible. One or more sleep metrics may be used to determine the appropriate time. In one embodiment When the vibration alarm is enabled, the user can activate it by hitting or tapping the device. (This is, for example, a motion sensor, pressure / force sensor, and / or capacitive sensor of a device.) (detected via a touch sensor), it can be paused or turned off. One embodiment In this scenario, the device vibrates slightly at a specific user's sleep stage or time before the alarm is set. By initiating this process, an attempt can be made to wake the user at the optimal time in their sleep cycle. As the user moves towards waking up or setting an alarm, the intensity of the vibration or This can gradually improve cognitive ability.

[0265] In another aspect, the disclosed system includes an onboard optical sensor, for example, an optical heart rate sensor. It can be configured or communicated using components of a monitor, etc.

[0266] (Wireless connection and data transmission) The disclosed system transmits and receives information from the Internet and / or other devices. This may include wireless communication means. Wireless communication may include Bluetooth®, ANT , from one or more means such as WLAN, power line networks, and cellular networks It is possible. These are provided as examples, and may include existing or yet-to-be-invented examples. This does not exclude other wireless communication methods.

[0267] Wireless connections are bidirectional. The device transmits its data to other peripheral devices and / or input devices. The device may transmit, communicate, and / or push its data to the network. It may receive, request, and / or pull from other peripheral devices and / or the Internet.

[0268] The disclosed system provides communication between devices or over the Internet for other devices. It can function as a relay for this purpose. For example, a device can access the internet via WLAN. It can connect to, but may also have ANT radio. ANT devices connect via the device's WLAN. The device can communicate with the internet to send that data (and vice versa). ). Another example is that a device may be equipped with Bluetooth®. If a smartphone compatible with S (registered trademark) is within the device's range of influence, the device will be affected by S It is possible to transmit data to the internet via the mobile phone network of a smartphone, or It can receive data from the internet. It can also receive data from other devices. It can be sent and stored (and vice versa), or it can be sent later.

[0269] Furthermore, the system to be disclosed is a web-based system for displaying information on a biometric monitoring device. This may include streaming or transmitting content.

[0270] Content can be delivered to the disclosure system according to various contexts. For example, In the evening, news and weather forecasts can be displayed along with the user's sleep data from the previous night. For some users, a daily summary of their activities can be displayed.

[0271] Furthermore, the disclosed system may be used to initiate the functions of other devices using NFC. This may include RFID or other short-range wireless communication circuits. For example, the disclosed system is When the device brings it close to your mobile phone, the app will automatically launch on your phone. It may be equipped with an NFC antenna.

[0272] (Charging and data transmission) The disclosed system charges an internally rechargeable battery and / or a laptop or portable battery. In one embodiment, a wired connection may be used to transmit data to a host device such as a phone. The device prompts the user to align the device with the dock or cable. Magnets may be used to self-align the device and dock or The magnetic field of the magnet in the dock or cable and the device provide a holding force to the cable. The magnets on the chair itself can be directed to suit the purpose. Also, the magnets are rechargeable or data-powered. It can be used as a conductive contact for transmission. In other embodiments, a permanent magnet This is used only on the dock or cable side, and not on the device itself. Therefore, Improve the performance of biometric monitoring devices that use magnetometers. It is possible. If the device has a magnet, the strong magnetic field of a nearby permanent magnet can cause the magnetometer to be inaccurate. This could increase the difficulty of measuring the Earth's magnetic field.

[0273] In other embodiments, the device may include one or more electromagnets in the device body. Furthermore, the charger or dock for charging and data transmission includes an electromagnet and / or permanent magnet. The device can only turn on its electromagnet when it is close to a charger or dock. This is done by using a magnetometer to find the magnetic field characteristics of the permanent magnets in the charger or dock. It may detect proximity to the dock. Alternatively, this could be the reception of a wireless signal from the charger or dock. Approach to the charger can be detected by measuring the signal strength indicator or (RSSI). Reverse the electromagnet when the device does not require charging or synchronization, or when synchronization or charging is complete. At any of the following times, a force is generated that pulls the device away from the charging cable or dock. It is possible.

[0274] (Configurable app features) In some embodiments, the disclosed system has a clock-like form factor and / or This may include the form factor of a bracelet, armlet, or anklet. Programmed in an "app" that activates a specific function and / or displays specific information The app uses a capacitive touch sensor to detect when a button is pressed, and is detected by an accelerometer. Perform the gestures indicated, move to a location detected by GPS or motion sensors, By pressurizing the device itself, a pressure signal is generated inside the device, which is then used by the altimeter. Detect by bringing the device close to an NFC tag associated with an app or set of apps. It can be started or terminated by various means, including but not limited to causing it to start or stop. The app also detects high heart rates and water using a wet sensor (for example, when launching a swimming app). Therefore, during certain time periods (for example, to launch a sleep tracking application at night), "Airplane Changes in the air pressure and motion characteristics of an aircraft taking off or landing in order to launch and terminate the "mode app" This includes, but is not limited to, transformations, which are activated or terminated by specific environmental or physiological conditions. It can be operated automatically to do so. Also, the app can do so by fulfilling multiple conditions simultaneously. It can be started or stopped. For example, the accelerometer detects the user running and the user is When you press the button, this is the pedometer application, altimeter data collection application. The accelerometer can detect swimming and the user can press the same button. In other cases where the button is pressed, this may launch the lap counting application.

[0275] In one embodiment, the device can be activated by starting a swimming app. It may have a swimming tracking mode. In this mode, the device's motion sensor and / or magnetometer It detects swimming strokes, classifies the type of swimming stroke, and performs swimming laps and strokes. Other relevant metrics such as run efficiency, lap time, speed, distance, and calories burned. It can be used for detection. The change in direction indicated by the magnetometer can detect various lap turn methods. It can be used to output. In a preferred embodiment, motion sensors and / or pressure sensors Data from the source can be used to detect strokes.

[0276] In other embodiments, the bicycle app is attached to the bicycle, the bicycle support, or the bicycle Located in a place related to bicycles, including but not limited to a bike rack or bicycle storage facility. It can be activated by moving the device within proximity of an NFC or RFID tag. The launched app includes calories burned, distance traveled, and altitude gained, but these... A different algorithm than the one normally used is used to determine the unrestricted metric. It can be used. The app also uses a wheel speed sensor, GPS, cadence sensor, or power meter. Wireless bicycle sensors, including but not limited to those mentioned above, may be activated when a sensor is detected. Subsequently, the device displays and / or displays data from the wireless bicycle sensor or bicycle sensor. It can be recorded.

[0277] Further apps include programmable or customizable watch faces, stopwatches, and more. Watch, music player controller (for example, remote control for an MP3 player) (email), display or notification of text messages and / or emails, navigation controls S, bicycle computer display (separate or integrated GPS device, wheel speed sensor) (When communicating with a sensor or power meter), weightlifting tracker, abdominal repetitions Rakka, Pull-up Repetition Tracker, Resistance Training Form / Workout Tracker Golf swing analyzer, tennis (or other racket sports) swing / serve analyzer Narrator, tennis match swing detector, baseball swing analyzer, pitching analyzer (example) (e.g., football, baseball), team sports activity intensity tracker (e.g., football, baseball) Ball, basketball, volleyball, soccer), discus throw analyzer, food occlusion Detectors, typing analyzers, tilt sensors, sleep quality trackers, alarm clocks, etc. Resmeter, stress / relaxation biofeedback game (for example, relaxation Auditory and / or visual cues are used to train the user's breathing during relaxation exercises. (Possible combination with the mobile phone provided), toothbrushing tracker, meal speed tracker (for example) (For example, counting or tracking the speed and duration of bringing an utensil to the mouth to ingest food), or indication of suitability for driving (e.g., heart rate, heart rate variability, skin electrical response, gait analysis, (and through puzzle answers, etc.), allergy trackers (e.g., skin electrical reaction, heart rate, skin) Using skin temperature and pollen detection, and in some cases, external seasonal data from the internet, for example, may be used. In some cases, in combination with allergen tracking, specific forms of allergens (e.g., Determine the user's response to tree pollen and warn the user of the presence of such allergens. (For example, seasonal information, pollen tracking databases, or on a device or by the user) (From local environmental sensors used), fever tracker (e.g., fever, cold, or other illness) To measure the risk, onset, or progression of the disease, and in some cases, seasonal data, disease databases, and user data. Combined with the user's location and / or user-provided feedback, the user's location is used to determine the user's location. To assess the spread of specific diseases (e.g., influenza) and, if necessary, to respond to it. (to instruct or suggest the suppression of work or activities), electronic games, caffeine action trackers (examples) For example, the consumption or restriction of coffee, tea, energy drinks, and / or other caffeinated beverages. Physiological responses in either the short-term or long-term response to a control, e.g., heart rate, heart rate Monitors factors such as changes in blood pressure, skin electrical response, skin temperature, blood pressure, stress, sleep, and / or activity. - (to do), drug action tracker (for example, similar to the caffeine tracker mentioned earlier) However, whether it is a medical drug or a lifestyle drug such as alcohol or tobacco, other interventions are necessary. (related to equipment), endurance sports instruction (for example, marathon, triathlon, etc.) A set goal, or for example, past exercise activity (e.g., distance run, pace), heart rate, heart rate Follow custom goals that utilize data from numerical fluctuations, health status / disease / stress / fever status. This refers to the intensity, duration, or profile of running / cycling / swimming workouts. (Recommending or instructing a workout, or suggesting reducing or delaying a workout), weight and body composition, blood pressure, blood sugar, food intake, or calorie balance tracker (e.g., weight) (Inform the user how many calories they can burn to maintain or achieve their goal.) This includes, but is not limited to, pedometers and nail-biting detectors. In some cases, the app The performance may depend solely on the processing power and sensors of the present invention. In other cases, the application may depend on the heart heart rate strap, GPS distance tracker, body composition scale, blood pressure monitor, blood glucose monitor , watches, smartwatches, smartphones or tablets and other mobile communication devices External devices including, but not limited to, chairs or servers, or a set of external devices These pieces of information can be combined or simply displayed.

[0278] In one embodiment, the device can control a music player on a secondary device. Possible forms of music players include volume, song and / or playlist selection, and then skipping. Press or rewind, fast forward or rewind, tempo of the song, and equalizer of the music player. -Includes but is not limited to these. Control of the music player is via user input, or It is automated based on physiological, environmental, or contextual data. For example, user This is achieved by selecting songs through the user interface on the device. On a smartphone, it is possible to select and play songs. In other examples, a device This is based on the user's activity level (the activity level is calculated from the device's sensor data). It can automatically select an appropriate song. This is to help you maintain a certain activity level. It can be used to encourage motivation. For example, when a user goes out for a run, If you want to keep your heart rate within a specific range, the device will not allow your heart rate to drop below the target range. In some cases, it can play upbeat or fast-paced songs.

[0279] (Location / context sensing and applications) The system to be disclosed will be based on the user's location and / or context (e.g., on a bus, at home, in a car). It may have a sensor that can determine or estimate the internal position. A dedicated position sensor, for example, GP Using S, GLONASS, or other GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) sensors, etc. To obtain. Or, to estimate, predict, or guess the location using a less accurate sensor. It is possible. In some embodiments where it is difficult to know the user's location, user input may be used. It can help determine the location and / or context. For example, in sensor data, If it becomes difficult to determine whether the person was inside the car or bus, the biometric monitoring device A portable communication device or biometric monitoring device that communicates with a chair or biometric monitoring device The cloud server communicating with the tracking device asks, "Did you ride a bus or a car today?" A question such as "Taka" may be presented to the user. A similar question may be presented in the vehicle context. This can occur at locations other than the target. For example, when a user completes an active workout. If sensor data indicates this, but there is no location data indicating that the user went to the gym You could ask the user if they went to the gym today. [Examples]

[0280] The specific materials or components of the devices, systems, and methods described herein are It can be manufactured or commercially available by known materials or methods. Using a variation that is known to those skilled in the art but is not described in further detail. It is also possible to do so. A person skilled in the art, given the literature and this disclosure, can use hardware, software, A. Sufficient material to prepare the formulation of this application using either learning or a combination thereof. It is nourishing.

[0281] (Configuration of the example) The examples relate to all aspects of biology and synthetic biology. Four examples / executions. This relates to human, non-human, their synthetic, and model technologies. The disclosed technologies measure health capacity. It offers new ways to learn about health and new ways to use these methods to learn about health. And such learning enables new modes of improving health, including the following: 1. (Case 1, Human): The technology disclosed is used in humans to measure / quantify for diagnostic purposes. The results of the diagnosis are to be used for treatment. The disclosed technology diagnoses disease and detects health deficiencies. It is something to be issued. "Treatment" as used herein refers to everything from prevention to recovery. Broadly defined to include, and including the optimization (maximization) of health and / or prevention of disease. Yes. Use in humans is prohibited for all tissues, cells, and organs of human origin for "treatment". This will include, etc. 2. (Case 2, Non-human): In the case of application to non-humans, this refers to the entirety of non-human biology. Includes other animals, plants, and single-celled organisms. For non-humans, the observed system is merely for diagnostic and / or can be not only treated, but rather "measured" and "regulated." In this context The measurement can quantify any expression of the energy balance. 3. (Case 3, Industrial / Synthetic Biology): Genetic engineering for industrial biology or synthetic biology In this case, the observed system is designed and operated. Knowledge of the energy balance or its representation is required. This allows for the "design" of the observed system, and through such design, the natural (wild-type) species It brings about biochemical transformations (work) that were not present before. One of the results obtained from such a design is The benefit is that the disclosed technology makes it possible to "manipulate" the observed system. This refers to any method used to bring about the design intent. 4. (Case Study 4, Human, Non-Human, Synthetic / Industrial Model): In the case of the model, human, non-human, Alternatively, knowledge of energy balance derived from synthetic / industrial systems can be obtained in a laboratory or other simulated environment. In a configuration or computer (in silico), the system or part thereof, configuration Used to design and build instances of elements and modules, this instance This aims to learn and verify methods for dealing with (blocking), optimizing, or manipulating real-world counterparts. The intervention sequence can be tested based on the target. 5. (Case 5, Others): Knowledge of the energy balance of any system is useful for energy characteristic information or This improves encryption by using representations based on arbitrary energy features. It can be used to improve ecology, especially in the context of carbon credit trading. This can be used in insurance, particularly in relation to the implementation of real-time risk allocation and pricing. It can be used in industrial settings. This is particularly relevant in the field of cybernetics, especially in human / machine applications. It can be used in interface situations. This is particularly useful with regard to the representation of energy features. It can be used in the field of technology. This is especially true in applications based on the rules of energy balance. Because it can utilize omimetics, it can be used in the game industry.

[0282] (Example 1) (Quantitative analysis and optimization of human health, and early diagnosis, detection, treatment, and prevention of disease) (Device features) The disclosed technology, in one embodiment, quantifies health indicators and enables the detection of disease before its onset. It is configured to detect patterns of pre-symptomatic health changes that enable prevention, with low latency. An automated wearable measurement device and platform are provided. This embodiment is: Preferably, it is easy to use, automated, safe, precise, and accurate. It also has a long battery life. This will enable more continuous and uninterrupted measurements. The battery will be available in real time worldwide. To provide individual and population-based analysis, exceeding 100 days, exceeding 200 days To meet the requirements of being continuously on and non-rechargeable for more than 300 days, preferably about 360 days. It is configured as follows: To achieve this, changes in a pre-set threshold or baseline are used. Based on this, the firmware algorithm automatically adjusts the sampling rate and frequency. Parameters that can be detected by low-power sensors controlled by the system are selected.

[0283] In a preferred embodiment, the device measures the heat flux at 20-second intervals, and then the device... In the chair, additional sensors are installed to improve the accuracy and precision of heat flux determination. In subsequent versions, sensors were added to quantify the work performed. .

[0284] In a preferred embodiment, device #1 senses changes in the heat and work of the cell, and associated The software platform will divide this data for individual use and at a sufficient scale. This will lead to analysis. Although the ways in which cells use energy are nearly infinite (millions of them), Rather, the ways in which cells consume energy are simply finite. In particular, the energy of cells All changes in usage are expressed in two parameters: changes in heat (ΔQ) and work (ΔW). Obtained by / in.

[0285] In some embodiments, the platform senses changes in the heat and work of cells. This includes software, and this data shows how energy is used between heat and various types of work. How energy is allocated, that is, the "energy balance," is saved, analyzed, and displayed in real time. Stream to the software. Distribution of energy features, frequency, amplitude, or variation. Changes in factors such as the rate of change precede standard vital signs, are informative, and are learned The value will increase.

[0286] The techniques used in the disclosed technology involve human heat and Consider the measurement of optimal standards made for work. In clinical practice, such measurements are directly related to heat. This is done using quantitative measurement or indirect calorimetry. Both of these methods are extremely accurate and precise. However, this is limited by portability. Similarly, similar measurements can be performed in a laboratory. However, these also require highly sophisticated and integrated equipment. To overcome these measurement limitations, A group of miniaturized sensors parameterize the energy of cells, allowing us to determine what kind of heat and work are being done. It is possible to measure and enable pre-symptomatic detection and prevention of diseases, as well as sufficient Easily and continuously stream learning engines that learn at scale over long periods (>180 days). I re-examined the problem, wondering if it was possible to solve it.

[0287] Sensor selection is based on known values ​​of human energy consumption and their allocation to the cellular level. Consider this: The majority of cellular energy is consumed in heat production and the active transport of ions and water. Therefore, some embodiments use the sensing and parametric properties of these characteristics as the basis for device #1. The focus is on metering. In some embodiments, the sensor of device #1 is also Includes sensors for relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and light.

[0288] In some embodiments, the sensors are selected based on the following estimations of the energy balance: (1) On a physiological scale, total energy expenditure is divided into resting energy and dietary energy. This is the sum of ghee and bodily energy, and total energy expenditure (EE) = resting EE + bodily energy. (2) Energy during activity + Energy from meals. This is the physiological energy balance. Energy consumption (REE) accounts for approximately 80% of total energy consumption. E. (3) Humans lose about 60% of their energy as heat and only 40% as work. Therefore, it is an inefficient machine. EE is approximately 60%ΔQ + 40%ΔW. (4) Intracellular The work performed there is mostly the movement of water and ions, proteins and biochemicals (intermediate metabolism). This is the work of synthesis of ). Therefore, ΔW is 25% ion transfer, 25% structure, and 5% biochemistry. It is estimated to be 0%. (5) The heat produced within cells is the same as the heat produced by organs. It is the same as the heat detected as being released from the body through the skin. Therefore, ΔQ is It is the same. (6) Ideally, the device can quantify all the work done, but V The 1.0 devices focus on sensors that were mostly commercially available. (7) Water-related Since there are commercially available sensors that can quantify the heat flow and work, the accuracy of device #1 is as follows: It is estimated to be approximately 85% of total ΔE or energy expenditure. This accuracy is used to quantify health and To optimize and detect and prevent disease before it develops, the energy balance is quantified, and water * to It is sufficient to capture the work that was done in which they were involved.

[0289] The characteristics of the device in this embodiment include the following: 1. (Battery life): The device's battery life is at least 180 days, and the battery is disposable. So, to a standard 50mAh full-capacity 3-volt (peak charge) lithium coin cell battery... Therefore, power is supplied internally. This makes continuous measurement possible over a long period of time. ru. 2. (Usefulness): The device is robust, inexpensive, and easy to use, which makes it suitable for hospitals. This will enable broad deployment in supportive medical care and outpatient medical settings. 3. (Software): The device easily enables the automation of data recording and analysis. It will serve as an interface with IoT (cloud / machine learning). 4. (Easy): The device does not require any special skills to operate. This enables the widespread deployment of decentralized health measurement systems. 5. (Inexpensive): We are assuming a market cost of <$100.00. This means, Lower the economic hurdles to broad expansion. 6. (Automation): The device continuously measures health, thereby detecting changes before disease symptoms appear. This makes it possible to detect threats early, enabling detection and learning in the event of a population-based health threat. This makes it possible to generate big datasets for this purpose. 7. (Robust design criteria): The device is designed to be highly reliable in harsh environments and / or harsh conditions. Designed to operate reliably. This allows for a diverse range of civilians and first responders. —and deployment among those engaged in warfare becomes possible. 8. (Secure): All communication between the device and the smartphone is encrypted. This is done via Bluetooth® Low Energy Link, specifically "LESC". Any personal information about the user is stored in the wrist sensor or via Bluetooth (registration) It will not be transmitted unencrypted (by registered trademarks). Apps and cloud storage The connection to the server is secure. At each stage, the data is stationary (device or Encrypted in the cloud and during transmission. Protected health information is shared with the device wearer. Only when deemed appropriate will the data be collected and moved to a secure cloud. When accessing cloud data for an exhibition, only formally anonymized data is displayed. This will happen. 9. (Safety): The sensor module should expose only non-electrically conductive surface materials. A battery-powered sensor for application to the external skin surface, contained within an isolated polymer (Delrin) encapsulation area. It belongs to the S group. There is no electrical contact between the internal electrical circuit and the skin.

[0290] (Device hardware) In a preferred embodiment, the device uses Bluetooth® Low Energy It can provide alerts to individuals or healthcare providers who have a smartphone (app) via BLE. Nordic's NRF52 microcontroller, chip, enables bidirectional communication. A combination based on the FCC-approved BMD-350SoC (System-on-a-Chip) that uses an antenna. This is a miniaturized wireless sensor group. BLE connectivity uses the Bluetooth® core specification. LESC ("Low Energy Secure Communication") as defined in 4.2 (and thereafter) It is encrypted using [unclear text]. Communication to the device is subject to changes in sampling rate and fast [unclear text]. Used for device maintenance, such as software updates. Surface Mount (SMT) circuits. This includes two digital temperature sensors and a digital sensor that report to the SoC, microcontroller. EPPR with speedometer, standard support circuit SMT components, such as resistors and filter capacitors Includes OM and two chip LEDs. Power is supplied by a non-rechargeable battery with a total capacity of 50mAh. Supplied by Renata's coin cell lithium battery CR1616. PCB internal material. This is a standard FR4 rigid polyimide flex circuit, and the solder is lead-free. Two small stainless steel 000 size (like eyeglass size) screws enclose the PCB. It is held in the designated position within the unit. The encapsulated part and exposed material are machined Delrin (encapsulated part 0.53 square inches), black anodized aluminum (thermal disk, 0.06 square inches) (inches), gold-plated aluminum (heat exchange ring), and Corning Gorilla Glass It's a small viewing window (the same kind used on iPhone screens). The data is preprocessed within the firmware installed in the sensor before being sent to the phone. The device's app displays and stores data transmitted from the sensor. Wireless output from the device The force is measured by timestamp, air (ambient) temperature, skin temperature, acceleration data, and error status (if any). (In some cases), and the device's battery voltage, all of which are transmitted to the phone via BLE. Data will not be provided to patients or individuals who possess the device. Currently designed As described above, all data is accessed via the smartphone app, and medical staff It will only be available to staff.

[0291] Sensor system #1 continuously and accurately measures and acquires data related to heat flux. It is a wearable sensor-integrated system. Compared to existing approved alternatives, To reduce or eliminate the need for hospitalization, improve the quality of life of patients If a person can manage or establish their own medical care (through self-management-type personal support, etc.) in the long term It offers greater advantages than existing alternatives, including the potential to encourage [something].

[0292] Sensor system #1, in a specific embodiment, enables pre-symptomatic detection of infection. It is a miniaturized indirect calorimeter that continuously measures metabolic rate at 1-second intervals for 300 days. .

[0293] The pathogen triggers a catabolic response in the host, leading to fever. [A change in core body temperature of 1°C occurs.] Each time, energy consumption changes by approximately 13%. The change in metabolic rate that leads to heat production is deep Because it precedes changes in internal temperature ("heat generation"), Sensor Alpha detects temperature changes before conventional temperature measurements. It works by detecting stains.

[0294] Infectious diseases can be detected and prevented by real-time indirect calorimetry of metabolic rate. .

[0295] Sensor system #1 is a system based on known sensors, provided that it meets at least the following conditions. It is distinguished from Mu. Hardware design: Sensor system #1, in a specific embodiment, measures heat flow and metabolic rate. It simultaneously measures both ambient temperature and skin temperature, which are essential for accurate, real-time quantification. It is composed of sea urchin.

[0296] Skin temperature is determined by a combination of two thermal contributions: external (surroundings) and internal (metabolism). This is determined by the equation T_Skin = T_Peripheral + T_Metabolism. In the formula, T_metabolism is the contribution of the body's metabolic heat to skin temperature. Newton's cooling According to the law, the metabolic rate of the body, MR, is given by MR = k(T_skin - T_surroundings) = kT_metabolism. This will follow a proportional relationship. Therefore, the difference between skin temperature and the adjacent ambient temperature is measured. By defining this relationship, approximate direct heat quantity measurements can be performed. One could try an approximation or some other simple model that treats temperature as a constant. However, Skin temperature and air temperature are highly correlated on short time scales due to counterflow exchange processes. Any model that attempts to estimate heat flux without local measurements of ambient temperature is extremely inaccurate. Yes. In other words, fluctuations in ambient temperature are typically more significant than fluctuations in the temperature difference between the skin and the air. Much larger. Empirically, the ambient temperature fluctuation scale is significant even in mild climates. It is known to be about three times larger than kale. Carefully remove the fluctuations caused by ambient temperature. This completely obscures the fluctuations caused by metabolic processes. Therefore, skin temperature and Simultaneous measurement of ambient temperature is crucial for the performance of this type of heat measurement. be. [Table 5]

[0297] (Platform software: learning engine) (Learning the rules of health ability) The rules governing the emergence of health capacity in biological systems are, in a preferred embodiment, This can be obtained based on a training set and performed by machine-readable instructions. For example, a training set The metrics are classified into correlations between specific metrics, evaluated over time, and independently of the individuals being evaluated. It is compared with the health assessment. While the high correlation between specific metrics and health assessments is enhanced, We do not give much weight to insufficient correlations between specific metrics and health assessments. Mutual reinforcement and reweighting are used to generate correlations, and those correlations are now It is reduced to machine-readable instructions for evaluating subsequent metrics. Health ability is directly measurable. It may not always be the case, and the rules for it may not always be the case. However, Based on the continuous measurement of biological energy consumption, in a preferred embodiment, health capacity This allows for an understanding and quantification of the function of biological systems, particularly health performance closely related to the function of biological systems. By quantifying various expressions of force or its derivatives, the health capacity in a biological system can be measured. We can obtain rules that govern emergence. Such expressions are related to energy balance and characteristics. Includes.

[0298] (Energy characteristics / balance as an expression of health capacity) Biological processes that generate heat are carried out in accordance with the logic of energy balance. The energy balance provides some kind of health benefit. Energy characteristics are ongoing It represents the effect of health capabilities in response to stress and circumstances. It predicts energy characteristics in advance. Therefore, the systems and methods disclosed herein are accurate and correlate with health capacity. It provides a model of the internal process. These systems and methods are the consequences of disease and illness. It is possible to predict the duration and energy characteristics. Energy characteristics are based on past energy characteristics or Since they can be predicted from energy balance, each is useful as an expression of health capacity.

[0299] (Annotation, metabolic tasks, and key health determinants) Sleep, diet, exercise, and lifestyle are recognized as major determinants of health (KDoH). Each of these determinants may be involved in several overlapping metabolic tasks. Positive involvement in this requires involvement in a combination of metabolic tasks that are proportional to the human energy balance. Yes. On the other hand, insufficient engagement with KDoH is a set that is not proportional to the human energy balance. This leads to metabolic tasks. Therefore, the annotation strategy is based on the existence of human regulation. We focused on KDoH resolution. Annotation is primarily performed at the KDoH level. This results in a higher resolution at the level of individual metabolic tasks and underlying mechanisms. Stations can be used to enhance learning.

[0300] (Platform software: learning engine) The technology platform is intended for the description, prediction, and inference of biological systems, and is based in Germany. A learning engine capable of continuously acquiring data from its own sensor hardware, It includes mobile application software and cloud infrastructure. The data collected will support the quantification of energy consumption and characteristics in metabolic tasks and other Energy measurements and auxiliary sensor data intended to characterize biological processes. This will include biological or environmental factors. The learning engine will perform the following functions: Yes. - Quantify the energy characteristics. - Correlate energy characteristics and functions, diseases, and outcomes. - Infer the rules of energy balance from the relationship between annotations and energy characteristics. ru. - Correlate energy balance with function, disease, and outcomes. -Improve and test the quantification of energy balance through app-based recommendations and feedback. To test. - Related to energy balance under various stresses, as indicated by the probability of persistence. To estimate health capacity. - Important regularities in the energy balance, which are necessary and sufficient conditions for health capacity, namely health Identify the rules of the abilities. - "Energy gap" as evidence of the need for further annotation or sensors Identify.

[0301] (Software learning policy) This technical challenge involves extracting simple energy balance rules from complex continuous energy features. The goal is to achieve this. To that end, we developed our learning strategy using two elements. First, time stan Annotations with a pin are associated with KDoH, and energy consumption is associated with important metabolic tasks. They were associated. By learning the patterns in these temporal relationships, energy We can then estimate the energy balance that describes the main components of the features. By annotating and quantifying the relevant components, continuous and ongoing monitoring is used. This allows us to detect previously unseen anomalies in energy features that have not been detected or explained before. It is possible. Through the processing of continuous approximations involved in new annotation and sensors, energy Energy features will be described and predicted with increased completeness and accuracy. As the revenue-expense model becomes more accurate and the dataset grows, the number of people with low or zero health capacity will increase. It becomes possible to identify unstable regions within an energy balance space or area. The boundaries of the area will be determined by the rules of health capacity. Species existing along the boundaries By investigating / analyzing individual health conditions and disease states, and determining their major weaknesses, we can assess their overall health capabilities. The rules can be inferred.

[0302] (Conceptualization and visualization of energy balance) Many biological processes perform tasks that cannot be directly measured, but those tasks are also later This can manifest as waste heat. For example, consider the circulatory system, which is involved in multiple stages of energy conversion. Consider this. A careful energy audit may include the following steps: (Step 1) Cardiac tissue In order to produce ATP, chemical bonds are broken (work and heat), (Step 2) the myocardium Use ATP to contract (work), (step 3) blood against viscosity / friction in the blood vessels Heat is pushed through the structure, and (step 4) oxygen reaches the periphery and is used in mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation becomes possible (heat and work). Steps 2 and 3 are: This is related to the energy already counted in Step 1. The energy originates from (gluco It has three stages: metabolic processes, an intermediate form (kinetic energy of blood), and a final form (heat dissipation). Steps 2 and 3 have an energy conversion efficiency that is always less than 100%, therefore Step 1 This will decrease to some extent. Step 4 is a step that follows steps 1, 2, and . This results from Step 3, but involves a separate energy balance in which a separate fuel source is involved. It is consumption. Nevertheless, the energy generated in step 4 is proportional to the oxygen supplied. Therefore, there may be useful correlations that can be utilized.

[0303] To properly categorize energy balances without duplicating energy is this This is a major technical challenge in the endeavor. The most common description of the double counting problem is energy This can be measured at various points in the flow, and misalignment of the relationship can lead to double counting. Therefore, by making the various components of energy into a triangular shape through half-overlap measurements, This makes it possible to construct a Ghee-style Sankey-type map.

[0304] In particular, Figure 5 (and also Figures 11 and 12) functionally illustrates the flow of energy. By doing so, the disclosed technology avoids double counting and learns the structure of energy relations. Sometimes it shows what is possible. Therefore, sensors and metadata that cross Sankey diagrams in diverse ways. You can choose which data to collect. Each time you add a measurement, the resolution is added to the flow map. It can be done.

[0305] (Generalized health learning loop) In some embodiments, the disclosed technology is automated with low latency for generalized health learning. A wearable measurement device is used. The device measures baseline energy characteristics. This allows for the measurement and continuous quantification of baseline variance related to annotation. In embodiments, the disclosed technology quantifies health indicators and implements quantified health interventions (e.g., Constructing a personal knowledge base of the effectiveness of various foods in altering the target's energy consumption. To build this, a generalized health learning platform will be used further. In some embodiments The platform then displays current energy characteristics, individual energy balances, and catalogs. Based on the knowledge base of the interventions performed, real-time recommendations are made.

[0306] Devices and platforms for generalized health learning are preferably easy to use. It is automated, safe, precise, and accurate. The long battery life associated with the device allows for... This will enable continuous and uninterrupted measurements. The battery will provide real-time, individual data on a global scale. To provide analysis based on individuals and populations, we offer data for periods exceeding 100 days, exceeding 200 days, and 3 Configured to meet the requirement of being continuously on and non-rechargeable for more than 00 days, preferably about 360 days. This is achieved by using changes in a pre-set threshold or baseline. The firmware algorithm automatically adjusts the sampling rate and frequency. Parameters that can be detected by low-power sensors that are controlled are selected. In one embodiment, the device measures the heat flux at 20-second intervals, and thereafter... In the device, additional sensors are used to improve the accuracy and precision of heat flux determination. Sensors may be added in subsequent versions to quantify work. In a preferred embodiment, the device senses changes in the heat and work of cells and associated systems The software platform analyzes this data for individual users and at a sufficient scale. This is the result. Changes in the energy use of cells are changes in heat (ΔQ) and work (ΔW). The two parameters are obtained by / .

[0307] In some embodiments, the device for generalized health learning changes the heat and work of cells. It includes hardware that senses temperature changes, and this data is used to analyze energy between heat and various types of work. The distribution of ghee, in other words, the "energy balance," is saved in real time. Streaming to software for analysis and display. Energy feature distribution, frequency Changes such as amplitude or rate of change precede standard vital signs and are informative. The value of that learning increases.

[0308] In some embodiments, a device for generalized health learning processes cellular energy It includes a group of miniaturized sensors for latticework, and also a personal knowledge base of quantified health interventions. In addition to constructing a catalog of current energy characteristics, individual energy balances, and data, we will also create a catalog of energy data. A learning engine that enables real-time recommendations based on an input knowledge base. Easily and continuously stream for extended periods (>180 days). In some embodiments, The sensors may include relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and light sensors. In some embodiments, The NSA takes known values ​​of human energy consumption and their allocation to the cellular level, and How cellular energy is consumed in heat production and the active transport of ions and water, It can be considered.

[0309] In some embodiments, the sensor of the generalized health learning device is the following in the energy balance The following is selected based on the estimation: (1) On a physiological scale, total energy expenditure is at rest. This is the sum of energy consumed per hour, energy consumed through diet, and energy consumed by the body, and represents total energy expenditure. EE = resting EE + physical activity EE + meal EE. This is the physiological energy balance. (2) Resting energy expenditure (REE) is approximately 80% of total energy expenditure. Yes. REE is about 80% EE. (3) Humans lose about 60% of their energy as heat. It is an inefficient machine because it only considers 40% as work. EE is approximately 60%ΔQ+ 40%ΔW. (4) Most of the work done inside cells is the movement of water and ions, and proteins. And the work of synthesizing biochemical substances (intermediate metabolism). Therefore, ΔW is ion transfer 25 It is estimated that 25% is structural and 50% is biochemical. (5) The heat produced within cells is determined by the organ. This is the same heat produced, and the same heat detected as being released from the body through the skin. Yes. Therefore, ΔQ is the same. (6) Ideally, the device is all done While it can quantify the work done, the V1.0 devices focus on sensors that were mostly commercially available. (7) There are commercially available sensors that can quantify the heat flow and work related to water, The accuracy of device #1 is estimated to be approximately 85% of the total ΔE or energy consumption. Its accuracy is crucial for quantifying and optimizing health, and for detecting and preventing disease before it develops. Quantify the ghee balance, water * This is sufficient to capture the work that was carried out in that regard.

[0310] In some embodiments, the characteristics of a device for generalized health learning may include the following: . 1. (Battery life): The device's battery life is at least 180 days, and the battery is disposable. So, to a standard 50mAh full-capacity 3-volt (peak charge) lithium coin cell battery... Therefore, power is supplied internally. This makes continuous measurement possible over a long period of time. ru. 2. (Usefulness): The device is robust, inexpensive, and easy to use, which makes it suitable for hospitals. This will enable broad deployment in supportive medical care and outpatient medical settings. 3. (Software): The device easily enables the automation of data recording and analysis. It will serve as an interface with IoT (cloud / machine learning). 4. (Easy): The device does not require any special skills to operate. This enables the widespread deployment of decentralized health measurement systems. 5. (Inexpensive): We are assuming a market cost of <$100.00. This means, Lower the economic hurdles to broad expansion. 6. (Automation): The device continuously measures health, thereby detecting changes before disease symptoms appear. This makes it possible to detect threats early, enabling detection and learning in the event of a population-based health threat. This makes it possible to generate big datasets for this purpose. 7. (Robust design criteria): The device is designed to be highly reliable in harsh environments and / or harsh conditions. Designed to operate reliably. This allows for a diverse range of civilians and first responders. —and development becomes possible in the case of those engaged in war. 8. (Secure): All communication between the device and the smartphone is encrypted. This is done via Bluetooth® Low Energy Link, specifically "LESC". Any personal information about the user is stored in the wrist sensor or via Bluetooth (registration) It will not be transmitted unencrypted (by registered trademarks). Apps and cloud storage The connection to the server is secure. At each stage, the data is stationary (device or Encrypted in the cloud and during transmission....

Claims

1. A system for determining health metrics of a biological system, The wearable device comprises, A first temperature sensor configured to measure skin temperature, A second temperature sensor configured to measure ambient temperature, A microcontroller configured to transition at least one of the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor to a high energy efficiency state, wherein when in the high energy efficiency state, the sampling rate of at least one of the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor is adjusted based on a preset threshold or a change in skin temperature or ambient temperature. A system for determining a health metric of a biological system, comprising: a processing system comprising a processor and an interface, wherein the interface is configured to receive data measured from the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor at the adjusted sampling rate when at least one of the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor is in the high energy efficiency state, and the processor is configured to determine one or more factors that quantify the health metric of the biological system based on the measured data.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the microcontroller is configured to adjust the sampling rate of the first temperature sensor and / or the second temperature sensor based on the change in the measured skin temperature.

3. The wearable device further includes a battery, The system according to claim 1, wherein the sampling rate of the first temperature sensor and / or the second temperature sensor is automatically adjusted by the microcontroller to satisfy at least one low-power requirement of the battery.

4. The wearable device further includes an accelerometer, The system according to claim 1, wherein the accelerometer is configured to detect the amount of energy consumed by the biological system.

5. The wearable device further includes an ambient light sensor, The system according to claim 4, wherein the microcontroller is configured to switch the accelerometer to a low-power state based on the light detected by the ambient light sensor.

6. The system according to claim 4, wherein the processing system is configured to estimate heat removal based on a temperature gradient on the skin surface of the biological system, estimate heat production based on physical activity detected by the accelerometer, and estimate the basal metabolic state based on the temporal alignment of the heat removal and the heat production.

7. The system according to claim 4, wherein a threshold level of user activity is detected via the accelerometer, a waveform of the activity is generated by the accelerometer, and a portion of the waveform is analyzed via the microcontroller.

8. The threshold is a threshold for activating the accelerometer, The system according to claim 7, wherein the threshold is a function of (1) the history of the accelerometer signal and (2) data from the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the threshold is further determined by the age, sex, height, and / or weight of the biological system.

10. The system according to claim 1, further comprising an output which is a recommendation for medical and / or consumer health intervention.

11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to monitor whether the temperature of the biological system is maintained within a threshold zone based on the measured data from the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor.

12. A method for determining health metrics of a biological system, The steps include measuring the skin temperature of the biological system via a first temperature sensor of a wearable device, The steps include measuring the ambient temperature via the second temperature sensor of the wearable device, The steps include: transitioning at least one of the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor to a high energy efficiency state via the microcontroller of the wearable device; When in a high-energy-efficiency state, the sampling rate of at least one of the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor is adjusted based on a preset threshold or a change in skin temperature or ambient temperature. The process includes receiving data measured from the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor at the adjusted sampling rate when at least one of the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor is in a high energy efficiency state via the processing system, A method for determining a health metric of a biological system, comprising the step of determining one or more factors that quantify the health metric of the biological system based on the measured data via the processor of the processing system.

13. The steps include detecting the physical activity of the biological system via the accelerometer of the wearable device, The steps include: estimating heat production based on the detected physical activity; The method according to claim 12, further comprising the step of generating recommendations for medical and / or consumer health interventions based on one or more factors for quantifying the health metric and the temporal alignment of thermogenesis and thermogenesis via the processor.

14. The steps include generating the waveform of the physical activity via the accelerometer, The method according to claim 13, further comprising the step of analyzing a portion of the waveform via the microcontroller and determining whether to continue analyzing the accelerometer signal.

15. The method according to claim 13, further comprising the step of causing the accelerometer of the wearable device to move out of a low-power state based on light detected by the ambient light sensor of the wearable device via the microcontroller.

16. The method according to claim 12, further comprising generating recommendations for medical and / or consumer health interventions based on one or more factors that quantify the health metrics via the processor.

17. A wearable device for quantifying health metrics of a biological system, A first temperature sensor configured to measure the skin temperature of the biological system, A second temperature sensor configured to measure ambient temperature, An accelerometer configured to detect the physical activity of the biological system and generate a waveform of said physical activity, A non-rechargeable battery configured to enable continuous operation of the wearable device, It is a microcontroller, The first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, or at least one of the accelerometers is moved to a high energy efficiency state. When in the high energy efficiency state, the sampling rate of at least one of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, or the accelerometer is adjusted based on a preset threshold or a change in the baseline measurement value. A wearable device comprising a microcontroller that analyzes a portion of the waveform and determines whether to continue analyzing the accelerometer signal.

18. It is further equipped with an ambient light sensor, The wearable device according to claim 17, wherein the microcontroller is configured to transition the accelerometer from a low-power state based on light detected by the ambient light sensor.

19. The wearable device according to claim 17, wherein the accelerometer is configured to operate in a low-power state until a threshold level of user activity is detected.

20. The wearable device according to claim 17, wherein the microcontroller is configured to transmit measured data from the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the accelerometer to a processing system via wireless communication in order to determine one or more factors that quantify the health metric of the biological system.

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