Hydraulic 3D Printing System and Method

Abstract

This invention provides a system and method for printing 3D objects using hydraulic devices. [Solution] The device may include a cartridge or container assembly that is single-use or disposable. The container assembly may integrally house structures such as a piston, a platform, multiple chambers, and channels, the channels and chambers being fluidly connected and configured to hold a sufficient amount of 3D printing material suitable for printing a single 3D object. In an exemplary embodiment, as the piston moves, the 3D printing material is transferred from one chamber to another chamber in which the platform is located, and radiation from a light engine coupled to the chamber containing the platform exposes the 3D printing material on the surface of the platform or on the cured layer of the printing material on the platform to curing light in order to create a 3D object on the platform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Priority and Related Applications

[0001] This application is a divisional continuation-in-part application of U.S. Non-provisional Patent Application No. 18 / 198257, filed on May 16, 2023, which claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 433,185, filed on December 16, 2022, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0002] Technical Field of the Present Invention

[0002] The present invention generally relates to additive manufacturing methods using three-dimensional (3D) printers. More specifically, the present invention includes systems and methods for printing 3D objects that use hydraulic principles to efficiently form 3D printed objects. Background Art

[0003] Background of the Present Invention

[0003] Conventionally, the size of the printing material tank has been designed to be as large as possible so that 3D printers can print objects of various sizes or as many objects as possible in a single print job. However, for some users (e.g., dentists or dental professionals), a large tank is undesirable, especially when the print job is for a single object, typically a small object. For example, for dental professionals, a large tank may be undesirable for printing 3D crowns. There are several reasons why a smaller tank is desirable when the print job involves small objects, including the desire to maximize the use of resources such as resin or printing material that may otherwise be wasted, to avoid wasting time cleaning a large tank between uses, to avoid having to change resin types between jobs, which may typically be custom jobs, to avoid human errors that naturally occur from replacing and manually maintaining a large resin tank, and to avoid the shortened lifespan of resin that is poured into the tank but not immediately used.Therefore, there is clearly a need for systems and methods to eliminate the problems or obstacles that arise when you want to print small, especially customized, 3D printed objects.

[0004]

[0004] For example and illustrative purposes, SprintRay currently has a printing device that typically includes a large-sized resin tank and build platform. Before printing, the user needs to add a specific amount of resin to the resin tank. During the printing process, the resin is cured by radiation at the bottom of the build platform, thus forming a 3D object. See, for example, Figure 1 showing a ProS resin tank of the SprintRay, whose embodiment is described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20210146616A1.

[0005]

[0005] However, if the user wants to print a small object, such as a dental crown, the size constraints of the resin tank mean that the user still needs to add an unnecessary amount of resin to the tank. In practice, for small objects such as dental crowns, most of the resin in the tank is not used, does not harden into layers or parts of the intended object, and is therefore wasted. At the same time, the remaining resin or printing material that is typically poured into the tank deteriorates upon exposure to air, meaning that the remaining unused printing material loses its freshness, which inevitably affects the freshness of the printing material used later, and in some cases, the quality of the objects printed in subsequent jobs. This is because, in this technology, resin is generally used to fill the bottom of the resin tank and is continuously replenished between the build platform and the resin tank after each layer of the target 3D object has been printed.

[0006]

[0006] As a further example, in certain conventional printing devices that utilize printing material or resin tanks, it is generally necessary to fill the tank with about 1000 ml of resin to print a tooth crown. However, during the printing process, only about 1 ml to 2 ml of resin may actually be used or rather cured to form the tooth crown. Therefore, when printing small objects, less than 1% of the resin in a conventional tank may be used.

[0007]

[0007] The remaining resin can be recycled, but the recycling process affects its freshness and suitability for future use. This is not only very inconvenient, but if the resin is continuously exposed to air, water molecules in the air can contaminate the resin, so to speak, leading to a decrease in quality, which naturally leads to a decrease in the performance of the cured 3D object. Furthermore, it is worth noting that since the resin is also exposed to air during the printing process, humidity and dust in the air can also affect the accuracy of the cured 3D object. For the same reasons, especially when printing small 3D objects, large resin tanks and large build platforms result in a lot of resin waste, fewer usable 3D printed parts, and limited performance and durability.

[0008]

[0008] Another common challenge, particularly in the field of dentistry, concerns the materials typically required for specific printing jobs. For example, artificial crowns often require higher performance than other components or parts, and therefore the printing material used to form the artificial crown typically requires a high-viscosity resin to ensure flexural strength, flexural modulus, stiffness, service life, etc. However, high-viscosity resins may not be suitable for existing 3D printers (e.g., bottom-up printers). Conventionally, in bottom-up printers, the build platform descends to a specific position while each layer of the object is curing, making the thickness of the resin between the bottom of the resin tank and the underside of the build platform equal to the layers of the object. Nevertheless, due to the high viscosity of the resin and the large size constraints of the build platform, a huge fluid force exists between the resin and the build platform. That is, the fluid force can greatly restrict the downward movement of the build platform, and therefore the build platform may not descend to the required position within a given time, especially during the printing of the initial layers. Consequently, because the build platform cannot descend to its predetermined position, the thickness of the resin between the bottom of the resin tank and the underside of the build platform is greater than the predetermined layer of the object, and therefore the layer of resin, particularly the portion adjacent to the build platform, does not cure properly. Furthermore, the improperly cured layer prevents the initial layer of resin from adhering to the underside of the build platform, thus causing the print to fail. To address these challenges with high-viscosity resins required for some prints, there are specialized tanks adapted for high-viscosity printing materials. For example, tanks like those described in U.S. Patent No. 11155028 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20220024117A1 of SprintRay.

[0009]

[0009] Challenges also arise when switching between a small job that may require one type of printing material and another job that requires a different type of printing material. The practitioner (dental setting) or the user who wants to print several jobs may need to clean the resin tank, change the resin tank, add or switch printing materials between jobs, or switch the entire printing machine between jobs.

[0010]

[0010] Therefore, there are needs that have not been adequately addressed by the prior art, and the present invention has been developed for these purposes. [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] Summary of the present invention

[0011] The present invention generally relates to a 3D printing system and method that uses a hydraulic device configured to facilitate the efficient fabrication of 3D printed objects.

[0012]

[0012] Various aspects of the present invention include methods, systems, and devices for printing or forming 3D objects using the principles of fluid dynamics, such as hydraulics, and optimizing the effectiveness and quality of products fabricated using these methods, systems, and devices.

[0013]

[0013] One aspect of the present invention includes a method for printing a 3D object. In an exemplary embodiment, the method may include: (a) driving a piston in a first chamber, the piston being adapted to drive the movement of a platform in a second chamber which is in fluid communication with the first chamber; (b) transferring at least a portion of a printing material at least partially contained in the first chamber to a second chamber, the second chamber including a printing area between the surface of a window and the platform; (c) emitting curing light through the window to cure a layer of the printing material against the platform or against a pre-cured layer of printing material already cured on the platform; and (d) repeating steps (a) to (c) until a 3D object is formed.

[0014]

[0014] In some exemplary embodiments, driving the piston in the first chamber hydraulically drives the platform. In some exemplary embodiments, driving the piston in the first chamber hydraulically drives the piston in the second chamber, and the piston in the second chamber forms at least a portion of the platform.

[0015]

[0015] In some exemplary embodiments, step (a) may include (a-1) moving the piston in one direction along the axis of the first chamber. In some exemplary embodiments, step (a-1) may include (a-2) moving the piston continuously until a three-dimensional object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, step (a-1) may include (a-3) pausing the movement of the piston at programmable intervals until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0016]

[0016] In some exemplary embodiments, step (b) may include (b-1) placing a layer of printing material on the glass surface of the window. In some exemplary embodiments, step (b) may include (b-2) placing a layer of printing material on a film or coating layer that forms at least partially the window. In some exemplary embodiments, the film may be a flexible oxygen permeable film. In some exemplary embodiments, the film or coating layer may be a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a polymethylpentene (PMP) film, a Transparent Polymer X (TPX) film, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film.

[0017]

[0017] In some exemplary embodiments, step (d) may include (d-1) substantially consuming the printing material stored in the first chamber. In some exemplary embodiments, the method may further include (e) releasing the platform from the second chamber to allow access to the three-dimensional object formed on the platform. In some exemplary embodiments, the method may further include (f) breaking or removing the seals of the container assembly housing the first and second chambers before driving the piston.

[0018]

[0018] Another aspect of the present invention includes a system for forming or printing a three-dimensional object. In an exemplary embodiment, the system may include a cartridge or container assembly for holding one or more printing materials for printing a three-dimensional object, the container assembly including a first chamber adapted to house a first printing material, a platform movable within a second chamber, the second chamber being in fluid communication with the first chamber, and a first piston movable within the first chamber and configured to hydraulically drive the movement of the platform in the second chamber by transferring at least a portion of the first printing material in the first chamber to a printing area between the surface of a window and the platform in the second chamber. An actuator may be coupled to a controller and configured to move the first piston, and a curing light emission module communicating with the controller may be configured to emit curing light through a window to cure at least a portion of the layers of the printing material against the platform or against a pre-cured layer of the printing material until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0019]

[0019] In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of a piston hydraulically drives the movement of a platform. In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of a piston in a first chamber hydraulically drives a piston in a second chamber, and the piston in the second chamber forms at least a portion of the platform. In some exemplary embodiments, the piston is adapted to move in one direction along the axis of the first chamber until a three-dimensional object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, the piston is further adapted to move continuously along the axis of the first chamber until a three-dimensional object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, the piston is further adapted to pause its movement at programmable intervals until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0020]

[0020] In some exemplary embodiments, the system further includes a film or coating layer disposed on the inner surface of the window. In some exemplary embodiments, the film or coating layer disposed on the inner surface of the window may be one of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a polymethylpentene (PMP) film, a Transparent Polymer X (TPX) film, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film. In some exemplary embodiments, the window includes a flexible oxygen permeable film.

[0021]

[0021] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly houses a first chamber and a second chamber. In some exemplary embodiments, the system further includes a removable seal to keep the first chamber and the second chamber airtight. In some exemplary embodiments, the system further includes a removable cover to prevent light from passing through the windows of the container assembly.

[0022]

[0022] In some exemplary embodiments, a system for printing a 3D object according to the present invention may include a controller; a container assembly adapted to hermetically store a print material, comprising a housing that houses a first chamber adapted to store the print material and a second chamber adapted to receive a platform; a channel within the housing that connects the side wall of the first chamber and the side wall of the second chamber so that the first chamber and the second chamber are in fluid communication; a structure that is movable within the first chamber and adapted to transfer a portion of the print material from the first chamber to a printing area between the surface of a window and the platform in the second chamber; a motor coupled to the controller and configured to move the structure; and a light emission module communicating with the controller, configured to emit curing light through a window to cure at least a layer of the print material to the platform or to a curing layer of the print material on the platform in order to build a 3D object on the platform.

[0023]

[0023] In some exemplary embodiments, the arm is coupled to a motor and may be adapted to press against the structure of the container assembly. A housing for the controller, the motor, and the light emitting module may include a holding frame disposed on an outer surface of the housing and adapted to receive the container assembly. The housing may include one or more user interface devices, including but not limited to a touch screen interface disposed on the exterior of the housing.

[0024]

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, the system may further include a heating module adapted to heat the printing material within the container assembly. The heating module may include a transparent surface heater disposed on a portion of the holding frame. The heating module may include a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) coating. The heating module may include an adapter removably coupled to the holding frame, the adapter having a heating element disposed on a wall of the adapter. The heating module may include a heating element disposed on the arm and adapted to transfer heat to the container assembly.

[0025]

[0025] Yet another aspect of the present invention includes a device for holding a printing material used for printing three-dimensional objects, such as a cartridge or container assembly, wherein the container assembly includes a platform adapted to facilitate building of a 3D object onto the platform within the container assembly. In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly comprises: a first chamber adapted to store a first printing material; a platform movable within a second chamber, wherein the second chamber is in fluid communication with the first chamber; and a first piston movable within the first chamber, configured to hydraulically drive movement of the platform within the second chamber by transferring at least a portion of the first printing material in the first chamber to the second chamber. The second chamber may include a printing region between a surface of a window and the platform, the window being adapted to receive curing light for curing a layer of the first printing material on the platform to build a three-dimensional object on the platform.

[0026]

[0026] In some exemplary embodiments, the piston is a first piston, and the platform includes a surface of a second piston adapted to move within the second chamber.

[0027]

[0027] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly further includes a base that includes an opening for exposing a window. In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly further includes a film or coating layer disposed on the inner surface of the window. In some exemplary embodiments, the film or coating layer disposed on the inner surface of the window includes one of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a polymethylpentene (PMP) film, a Transparent Polymer X (TPX) film, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film. In some exemplary embodiments, the window of the container assembly includes a flexible oxygen permeable film. In some exemplary embodiments, the flexible oxygen permeable film is adapted to rest on the glass surface of a 3D printed device configured to support the base of the container assembly.

[0028]

[0028] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly may further include a removable seal that keeps the first chamber and the second chamber airtight until the seal is removed. In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly may further include a removable cover for preventing light from passing through the window.

[0029]

[0029] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly further includes a third chamber which is in fluid communication with the second chamber, and a second piston which is movable within the third chamber and is adapted to hydraulically drive the movement of a platform within the second chamber by transferring at least a portion of the second printing material contained in the third chamber to a printing area within the second chamber.

[0030]

[0030] Yet another aspect of the present invention includes a 3D printer or apparatus using hydraulic means for printing a three-dimensional object. The apparatus is adapted to drive the movement of a piston movable within a container assembly, the container assembly may include an actuator adapted to hold one or more printing materials and to print a three-dimensional object, a base adapted to receive the container assembly, a controller coupled to the actuator, and a curing light emission module communicating with the controller, the controller being configured to (a) drive the movement of a piston within a first chamber of the container assembly, the piston being adapted to hydraulically drive the movement of a platform within a second chamber which is in fluid communication with the first chamber, (b) transfer at least a portion of the printing material at least partially contained within the first chamber to the second chamber, the second chamber which includes a printing area between the surface of a window and the platform, (c) emit curing light through the window to cure a layer of printing material against the platform or against a pre-cured layer of printing material already cured on the platform, and (d) repeat steps (a) to (c) until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0031]

[0031] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly includes a spring that can be released by a controller, for example, by driving an actuator adapted to release the spring, which can be adapted to drive the movement of a piston.

[0032]

[0032] In some exemplary embodiments, the actuator is configured to push the piston directly or indirectly in order to move the piston within the chamber of the container assembly. In some exemplary embodiments, the piston hydraulically drives the movement of the platform.

[0033]

[0033] In some exemplary embodiments, the actuator is configured to pull the platform directly or indirectly. In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of the platform is hydraulically driven by the movement of a piston.

[0034]

[0034] In some exemplary embodiments, the release of a spring drives the movement of a piston, and the controller drives an actuator configured to pull the platform directly or indirectly.

[0035]

[0035] Various objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, which will be interpreted in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are shown as examples and illustrative of the particular embodiments of the present invention. The drawings submitted with this specification constitute part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present invention, illustrating various objects and features thereof. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0036] Brief explanation of the drawing

[0036] Other objects, features, and characteristics of the present invention, as well as the methods of operation and the functions of the related structural elements, and the economics of the combination and manufacture of the parts, will become more apparent from the following description and examination of the appended claims, all of which constitute part of this specification. Unless otherwise stated, none of the drawings are to scale.

[0037] [Figure 1]

[0037] A conventional resin tank is shown. [Figure 2-1]

[0038] A block diagram of the system according to the present invention is shown. [Figure 2-2]

[0039] A block diagram of a device adapted to hold printing material and print three-dimensional objects according to the present invention is shown. [Figure 2-3]

[0040] A block diagram of a system for printing three-dimensional objects according to the present invention is shown. [Figure 3-1]

[0041] The present invention illustrates a device and method according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 3-2]

[0041] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, including devices and methods. [Figure 4]

[0042] This document illustrates a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5]

[0043] This exhibits a container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6]

[0044] This exhibits a container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7]

[0045] An exemplary cross-sectional view of a chamber of a device for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 8]

[0046] Figure 7 shows an enlarged, illustrative view of the cross-sectional view. [Figure 9]

[0047] This document illustrates a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10]

[0048] This exhibits a container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11]

[0049] An exemplary bottom view of a container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 12]

[0050] An exemplary bottom view of a container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 12-1]

[0051] This document describes a method for printing 3D printed objects, as implemented by a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12-2]

[0051] A method for printing a 3D printable object is shown, as implemented by a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12-3]

[0051] A method for printing a 3D printable object is shown, as implemented by a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12-4]

[0051] A method for printing a 3D printable object is shown, as implemented by a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13-1]

[0052] This invention illustrates a method for printing a three-dimensional object according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13-2]

[0053] This invention illustrates a system for printing three-dimensional objects using multiple materials, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13-3]

[0054] This invention illustrates a system for printing three-dimensional objects using multiple materials, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14]

[0055] A diagram of a device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 15]

[0055] A diagram of a device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 16]

[0055] A diagram of a device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 17]

[0056] This invention illustrates a system for printing three-dimensional objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18]

[0057] Figure 17 shows a container assembly configured to support or receive a container assembly or cartridge of the system shown, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 19]

[0058] This invention illustrates a system for printing three-dimensional objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20]

[0059] Figure 19 shows an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a container assembly configured to support or receive one or more container assemblies or cartridges in the system shown. [Figure 21]

[0060] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention shows a cleaning system adapted to accept a platform for a system for printing three-dimensional objects. [Figure 21-1]

[0061] This flowchart shows an exemplary method for cleaning a 3D printed object, which was fabricated using a system for printing three-dimensional objects, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 21-2]

[0062] An exemplary cleaning system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 21-3]

[0062] An exemplary cleaning system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 21-4]

[0062] An exemplary cleaning system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 21-5]

[0062] An exemplary cleaning system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 21-6]

[0062] An exemplary cleaning system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 21-7]

[0062] An exemplary cleaning system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 21-8]

[0062] An exemplary cleaning system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 21-9]

[0062] An exemplary cleaning system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 21-10]

[0062] An exemplary cleaning system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Figure 22]

[0063] This document presents exemplary embodiments of a container assembly, specifically the body of a container assembly, that improve the molding or printing speed and optimize the container assembly. [Figure 23-1]

[0064] The following are exemplary embodiments of pistons, more specifically pistons of different shapes, that may be used in the present invention. [Figure 23-2]

[0064] Exemplary embodiments of pistons that may be used in the present invention, more specifically pistons of different shapes, are shown. [Figure 23-3]

[0064] Exemplary embodiments of pistons that may be used in the present invention, more specifically pistons of different shapes, are shown. [Figure 23-4]

[0064] Exemplary embodiments of pistons that may be used in the present invention, more specifically pistons of different shapes, are shown. [Figure 23-5]

[0065] An exemplary guide structure that may be used in accordance with the present invention is shown. [Figure 24-1]

[0066] The following shows the container assembly body configuration according to several exemplary embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 24-2]

[0066] The container assembly body configuration according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 24-3]

[0066] The container assembly body configuration according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 24-4]

[0067] Figure 24-1 shows a cross-sectional view of the container assembly body configuration according to the embodiment shown. [Figure 24-5]

[0067] Figure 24-1 shows a cross-sectional view of the container assembly body configuration according to the embodiment shown. [Figure 24-6]

[0068] The following shows the container assembly body configuration according to several exemplary embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 24-7]

[0068] The container assembly body configuration according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 24-8]

[0068] The container assembly body configuration according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 24-9]

[0068] The container assembly body configuration according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 25]

[0069] The present invention illustrates a system according to several exemplary embodiments. [Figure 26]

[0070] An exemplary hydraulic printing device or container assembly is shown. [Figure 27]

[0071] Figure 26 shows an exploded view of the container assembly. [Figure 28]

[0072] Figure 26 is a close-up view of one of the chamber walls of the container assembly. [Figure 29]

[0073] A top view of an exemplary container assembly according to the present invention is shown. [Figure 30]

[0074] A cross-sectional view of an exemplary container assembly according to the present invention is shown. [Figure 31]

[0075] An enlarged view of an exemplary container assembly or cartridge according to the present invention is shown. [Figure 32]

[0076] This shows an isometric side view of a portion of the 3D printing device according to the present invention. [Figure 33]

[0077] This shows a container assembly coupled to an actuator according to several exemplary embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 34]

[0078] The following are exploded views of container assemblies according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 35]

[0079] A transparent view of a container assembly according to several exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 36-1]

[0080] A side view of a container assembly according to several exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 36-2]

[0080] Cross-sectional views of container assemblies according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 37]

[0081] This document illustrates a 3D printing system according to several exemplary embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 38]

[0081] Several exemplary embodiments of the present invention illustrate 3D printing systems. [Figure 39]

[0082] The packaging of container assemblies according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 40]

[0082] The packaging of a container assembly according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 41]

[0082] The packaging of a container assembly according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 42]

[0083] The present invention illustrates a system according to several exemplary embodiments. [Figure 43]

[0084] The present invention illustrates a system according to several exemplary embodiments. [Figure 44]

[0085] This shows different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 45]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 46]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 47]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 48]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 49]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 50]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 51]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 52]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 53]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 54]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 55]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 56]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 57]

[0085] Different possible arrangements of heating elements in a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown. [Figure 58]

[0086] This shows different possible positions or orientations of the container assembly according to the present invention. [Figure 59]

[0086] Shows different possible positions or orientations of the container assembly according to the present invention. [Figure 60]

[0087] The present invention illustrates a system according to several exemplary embodiments. [Figure 61]

[0087] The system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 62]

[0087] The system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 63]

[0087] The system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 64]

[0087] The system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. [Figure 65]

[0088] The present invention illustrates a system according to several exemplary embodiments. [Figure 66]

[0088] The present invention illustrates several exemplary embodiments of a system. [Figure 67]

[0088] The present invention illustrates several exemplary embodiments of a system. [Figure 68]

[0088] The present invention illustrates several exemplary embodiments of a system. [Figure 69]

[0089] The present invention illustrates a system according to several exemplary embodiments. [Figure 70]

[0090] The present invention illustrates a system according to several exemplary embodiments. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0038] Detailed description of the present invention

[0091] In the following discussion dealing with some embodiments and applications of the present invention, the accompanying drawings, which form part thereof, are referenced, and the descriptions of specific embodiments in which the present invention may be carried out are provided by illustration. It should be understood that other embodiments may be available and that modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals are used in the drawings and the following description to refer to identical or similar elements.

[0039]

[0092] In the following detailed explanation, numerous specific details are given by example to provide a complete understanding of the relevant teachings. However, it should be obvious to those skilled in the art that these teachings can be carried out without such details. In other examples, well-known structures, components and / or their functional or structural relationships, etc., are described at a relatively high level without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the aspects of these teachings.

[0040]

[0093] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuances implied or suggested in context beyond their expressly stated meanings. Similarly, the phrase "in one embodiment / example" as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, and the phrase "in another embodiment / example" as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment. For example, the claimed subject matter is intended to include, in whole or in part, a combination of exemplary embodiments.

[0041]

[0094] Conditional language used herein, such as in particular "can," "could," "might," "may," and "e.g.," is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include certain features, elements, and / or processes, while other embodiments do not include certain features, elements, and / or processes, unless otherwise stated or understood in the context in which they are used. Therefore, such conditional language is generally not intended to imply that these features, elements, and / or processes are required in any way for one or more embodiments, regardless of whether they are included in or should be implemented in any particular embodiment.

[0042]

[0095] Terms such as “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are synonymous and are used comprehensively and in an open-ended manner, without excluding additional elements, features, actions, or behaviors. Similarly, the term “or” is used in its comprehensive (not exclusive) sense; for example, when used to connect a list of elements, “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Combinatorial language, such as “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” is understood differently in contexts where it is commonly used to convey that an item, term, etc., could be any of X, Y, or Z, unless otherwise specified. Therefore, such combinatorial language is generally not intended to imply that a particular embodiment requires the presence of at least one X, at least one Y, and at least one Z, respectively. The term “and or” means that “and” applies to some embodiments and “or” applies to some embodiments. Therefore, A, B, and / or C can be replaced with A, B, and C written in one sentence and A, B, or C written in another sentence. A, B, and / or C means that some embodiments may include A and B, some embodiments may include A and C, some embodiments may include B and C, some embodiments may include A only, some embodiments may include B only, some embodiments may include C only, and some embodiments may include A, B, and C. The term "and / or" is used to avoid unnecessary redundancy. Similarly, terms such as "a," "an," or "the" can also be understood, at least partially context-dependent, as conveying singular or plural usage. In addition, the term "based on" is not necessarily understood as intended to convey an exclusive combination of factors, and instead, again, at least partially context-dependent, may allow for the presence of additional factors that are not necessarily explicitly stated.

[0043]

[0096] While exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be described, they are subject to modification, adaptation, and other implementation. For example, elements illustrated in the drawings may be replaced, added, or modified, and the methods described herein may be modified by replacing, rearranging, or adding stages to the disclosed methods. Accordingly, nothing in the foregoing description is intended to imply that any particular feature, characteristic, process, module, or block is necessary or essential. In fact, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in various other forms, and furthermore, various omissions, replacements, and modifications in the forms of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the inventions disclosed herein or any of the inventions. Accordingly, the following detailed description does not limit this disclosure. Instead, the appropriate scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims.

[0044]

[0097] For the purposes of this disclosure, the terms “upper,” “lower,” “right,” “left,” “rear,” “front,” “vertical,” and “horizontal,” and their derivatives, refer to the invention in the orientation shown in the figures. However, it should be understood that the invention may take various alternative orientations and sequences of steps unless expressly specified otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the following specification are merely illustrative embodiments of the inventive concept as defined in the accompanying claims. Accordingly, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics relating to the embodiments disclosed herein should not be considered limiting unless expressly stated otherwise in the claims.

[0045]

[0098] As used in this disclosure, the term “comprise,” and variations such as “comprising” and “comprises,” are not intended to exclude other additives, components, ingredients, or processes.

[0046]

[0099] Referring now to the figures illustrating embodiments of the present invention, Figure 2-1 shows a block diagram of a system according to the present invention. More specifically, Figure 2-1 shows a system 100 which exemplifies a system comprising: a container assembly 101 for holding printing material for printing a three-dimensional object; a piston 102 movable within a first chamber 101 of the container assembly, configured to drive the movement of a platform 103 in a second chamber that is in fluid communication with the first chamber, and to transfer at least a portion, e.g., a layer, of the printing material stored in the first chamber to the second chamber, the second chamber including a printing area between the surface of a window in the second chamber and the platform 102; an actuator 104 coupled to a controller 105 and configured to move the piston; and a curing light module 106 communicating with the controller 105 and configured to emit curing light through the window to cure at least a portion of the layer of printing material against the platform or against a pre-cured layer of printing material until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0047]

[0100] The container assembly 101 may be a container or cartridge adapted to hold one or more types of printing material and to facilitate the printing of 3D objects on a platform 103 at least partially housed within the cartridge or container assembly 101. The piston 102 may be adapted to drive the hydraulic transfer of the printing material in the chamber of the container assembly to a second chamber, or to the printing area between the window of the container assembly 101 and the platform, as will be described in more detail below.

[0048]

[0101] The actuator 104 may be any type of actuator, or it may be an actuator module including multiple types of actuators that can be configured to release the spring mechanism of the container assembly, push the piston 102, pull the platform 103, or a combination of these functions, without limiting the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that various actuators and actuator types may be used to achieve the desired functions described in this disclosure.

[0049]

[0102] The controller 105 is coupled to or communicates with the actuator 104 and the curing light module 106. The controller 105 may include a memory having executable instructions, the instructions being configured to (a) drive the movement of a piston 102 in a first chamber 101 of a container assembly, the piston 102 being adapted to hydraulically drive the movement of a platform 103 in a second chamber which is in fluid communication with the first chamber; (b) transfer at least a portion of the printing material at least partially contained in the first chamber to the second chamber, the second chamber including a printing area between the surface of a window and the platform; (c) radiate curing light through the window to cure a layer of printing material against the platform 102 or against a pre-cured layer of printing material already cured on the platform 102; and (d) repeat steps (a) to (c) until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0050]

[0103] The curing light module 106 is a light module configured to emit curing light through a window in a container assembly or cartridge to cure at least a portion or layer of the printing material against the platform or against a pre-cured layer of the printing material until a three-dimensional object is formed. Any suitable light source and light type can be used, as long as the light source is of a type suitable for curing the printing material.

[0051]

[0104] Referring to the following figure, Figure 2-2 shows a block diagram of a device for holding printing material according to the present invention. In exemplary embodiments, the device includes an assembly that functions as a container (for long-term storage of printing material), a tank (for storing printing material used during the printing process), and a platform on which a desired 3D object can be formed. As will be further described below with reference to other figures, the device, for example, the container assembly, may be reusable in some embodiments and may be a single-use cartridge type suitable for storing just enough printing material to print a desired object of a certain type.

[0052]

[0105] In exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figure 2-2, the container assembly 101 may include a first chamber 107 adapted for storing printing material (i.e., in the initial or storage phase, most (but not all) of the printing material may be stored in the first chamber), a second chamber 108 in fluid communication with the first chamber 107, and a piston 102 that is movable within the first chamber 107 and configured to drive the movement of a platform 103 in the second chamber 108, thereby transferring a portion of the printing material in the first chamber 107 to the second chamber. The second chamber 108 may include a printing area between the window surface and the platform 103 in the second chamber 108 (see, for example, Figures 6, 12, and 25).

[0053]

[0106] As will become clearer with reference to other figures below, in some exemplary embodiments, the movement of the piston 102 can hydraulically drive the movement of the platform 103. In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of the piston 102 in the first chamber hydraulically drives the piston in the second chamber, and the piston in the second chamber forms at least a portion of the platform 103. In some exemplary embodiments, the piston 102 is adapted to move in one direction along the axis of the first chamber until a three-dimensional object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, the piston 102 is further adapted to move continuously along the axis of the first chamber until a three-dimensional object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, the piston 102 is further adapted to pause its movement at programmable intervals until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0054]

[0107] Figure 2-3 shows a block diagram of a device for fabricating or printing three-dimensional objects according to the present invention. More specifically, Figure 2-3 shows a block diagram of an apparatus 110 for printing 3D objects, for example, a 3D printing system. The apparatus 110 is adapted to drive the movement of a piston 102 that is movable within a container assembly 101, the container assembly 101 may include an actuator or actuator module 104 adapted to hold one or more printing materials and to print a three-dimensional object, a base or container assembly support 120 adapted to receive and / or secure the container assembly 101, a controller 105 coupled to the actuator 104, and a curing light emission module 106 that communicates with the controller 105, the controller 105 (a) drives the movement of the piston 102 within a first chamber 101 of the container assembly, the piston 102 moves between the first chamber and flow The system is adapted to hydraulically drive the movement of platform 103 within a second chamber that is in body communication with it, (b) transferring at least a portion of the printing material at least partially contained in the first chamber to the second chamber, the second chamber including a printing area between the surface of a window and the platform (see, for example, Figures 6, 12, and 25, without limiting the scope of the present invention), (c) emitting curing light through the window to cure a layer of printing material against platform 102 or against a pre-cured layer of printing material already cured on platform 102, and (d) repeating steps (a) to (c) until a three-dimensional object is formed layer by layer.

[0055]

[0108] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly 101 includes a spring 109 or a similar mechanism for driving a piston 102. In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly 101 does not include a spring mechanism. In exemplary embodiments, the spring 109 may be released by the controller 105, for example, by driving an actuator adapted to release the spring, and the spring may be adapted to drive the movement of a piston when the spring is released, or when the mechanism is manually actuated by the actuator 104 or even by the user. In some exemplary embodiments, the actuator 104 is configured to push the piston directly or indirectly to move the piston within the chamber of the container assembly. In some exemplary embodiments, the piston 102 hydraulically drives the movement of the platform 103. In some exemplary embodiments, instead, the spring 109 is coupled to the platform 103 and pulls the platform, thereby hydraulically driving the piston 102.

[0056]

[0109] In some exemplary embodiments, instead, the actuator 104 is configured to pull the platform 103 directly or indirectly. In some embodiments, a spring mechanism in the cartridge or container assembly is driven to move the piston, and in addition, the actuator 104 also pulls the platform 103 directly or indirectly. In some embodiments, the container assembly does not include a spring mechanism, and the actuator 104 pulls the platform 103 directly or indirectly. In some embodiments, the container assembly does not include a spring mechanism, and the actuator 104 pushes the piston 102 directly or indirectly. In some exemplary embodiments, the actuator 104 simply releases a spring mechanism 109 to drive or move the piston 102. In exemplary embodiments, the release of the spring drives the movement of the piston, and the controller drives the actuator 104, which is configured to pull the platform 103 directly or indirectly.

[0057]

[0110] The container assembly support 120 can be any suitable structure adapted to receive at least a portion of the container assembly 101. For example, the container assembly support 120 may be as simple as a substantially flat base, or it may be a more complex structure adapted to receive and align with a portion of the container assembly 101 in order to secure the container assembly 101 to the support structure 120. In an exemplary embodiment, the support structure 120 secures the container assembly, or even multiple container assemblies, so as not to move unnecessarily during a print job due to the driving of a piston or platform, thereby interfering with the quality of the print job.

[0058]

[0111] Referring to the following series of figures, Figures 3-1 to 3-2 illustrate a device and method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 3-1 shows an exemplary hydraulic device in the initial stage, and Figure 3-2 shows a device in the final stage of an exemplary printing process in which a 3D printed object is formed. Referring to Figure 3-1, the hydraulic device 1 includes a body or housing 11, a plurality of chambers (e.g., a standby resin chamber 12 and a printing chamber 13), a channel 14, a piston 15, and a platform 16. The body 11 may be a generally hollow structure having one or more openings only in the top region, and the hollow structure may be divided into chambers 12 and 13 by a partition or divider 111. In the exemplary embodiment, the channel 14 may be formed between chambers 12 and 13 by a divider 111 that does not at least partially touch the bottom of the body 11, thus fluidly connecting both chambers. Therefore, the printing material, resin 2 in this exemplary embodiment, can flow from chamber 12 through channel 14 into chamber 13 as piston 15 moves to chamber 12 and hydraulically moves platform 16 in chamber 13. Piston 15 is at least partially located in the standby resin chamber 12, and platform 16 is also at least partially located in the printing chamber 13.

[0059]

[0112] The bottom plate 112, which may form the bottom portion of the main body 11, may include a window located between the platform 16 and the optical engine 4 of the printing device (see, for example, Figure 4), which may preferably be transparent (or at least transparent in the printing area, i.e., in an area suitable for directing appropriate light onto the platform 16 in the printing chamber 13, as will be described below with reference to other figures), and may allow irradiation or curing light emitted from the photocuring module to pass through and cure the exposed printing material or resin 2 in the printing area or zone, thereby curing the resin either on the platform or on the pre-cured layer of the printing material being used.

[0060]

[0113] As can be understood from Figures 3-1 and 3-2, another aspect of the present invention includes a method. This method can be described below with reference to these figures.

[0061] (1) Initial stage

[0114] In the initial stage, the platform 16 may be positioned closer to the bottom of the printing chamber 13 than to the top of the printing chamber, and may not necessarily touch the top surface of the bottom plate 112, but may allow an initial layer or thickness of printing material on the top surface of the bottom plate 112. A certain amount of resin 2 may be filled into the standby resin chamber 12 and the channel 14. In exemplary embodiments, the type and size of the target 3D object (to be printed), such as the height of the object to be printed, may influence the specific amount of resin 2 used and the height of the initial layer present in the second or printing chamber 13 in the initial stage. In this initial stage, the piston 15 may be at least partially positioned within the chamber 12, touching the top surface of the resin 2 in the storage or standby chamber 12.

[0062] (2) Printing process / stage

[0115] During the printing process, the piston 15 is driven downward by a specific distance (e.g., 0.1 mm, which can be partially determined by the thickness of each layer of the 3D object and the relative cross-sectional area of ​​chambers 12 and 13). Since the resin 2 is not compressible, the movement of the piston hydraulically moves the platform, and the resin 2 flows from chamber 12 to the printing chamber 13 by moving, for example, from chamber 12 to chamber 13 by the thickness of one layer. The platform 16 may also be driven upward by the thickness of one layer.

[0063]

[0116] During the printing process, in addition to the movement of the piston and platform, the optical engine 4 may project a specific pattern onto a printing area below or aligned with the printing chamber 13 so that at least one layer of resin 2 in the chamber 13 can be cured and the cured resin adheres to the platform 16. Throughout the entire process, including the printing of subsequent layers, the hydraulic printing device repeats the above steps until the entire 3D object is completed.

[0064] (3) Final stage

[0117] During or at the end of the printing process, when the entire 3D object has been printed, the user may remove the platform 16 from the printing chamber 13 and further detach the desired 3D object from the platform 16. In some exemplary embodiments, means may be provided for ejecting the platform from the chamber 13 and / or the housing 11.

[0065]

[0118] Figure 4 shows a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4, in some exemplary embodiments, in order to reduce the complexity of the 3D printer, the printing device 1 may be mounted on an existing 3D printer, or, for example, on an existing resin tank 6 without limiting the scope of the present invention in any way, in which the tank 6 is empty, but its clear or transparent bottom may be used to support the base of the device 1.

[0066]

[0119] In the non-limiting example shown in Figure 4, the piston 15 of device 1 is driven by the build platform 5, and since the cross-sectional areas of chambers 12 and 13 are the same, when printing small 3D objects, the user does not need to adjust the basic parameters of the 3D printer (e.g., print speed, each stroke of the build platform 5, etc.) or set other parameters for compensation. In other embodiments, the hydraulic printing device 1 may be mounted on a mounting base 7 (see, for example, Figure 9) which can be configured to receive and secure the hydraulic printing device 1 in place.

[0067]

[0120] Referring to the following figure, Figure 5 shows a container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a hydraulic printing device 1 which optionally includes several sealing rings 18 attached to the bottom of a piston 15 and platform 16 and which may be configured to prevent printing material such as a curable resin 2 from leaking out of the housing or container body 11.

[0068]

[0121] In exemplary embodiments, the base plate 112 may be replaced with a flexible film 17 (e.g., PDMS film, TPX film, FEP film, see also Figure 7). Compared to the rigid base plate 112, the adhesive force between the cured resin and the film 17 is significantly reduced, making the cured resin easier to separate from the flexible film 17, and further improving the printing speed. However, if the hydraulic printing device 1 does not include a rigid base plate 112, in exemplary embodiments the device may simply be placed and / or fixed on a rigid structure, for example, on the glass of a mounting base 7 (see Figure 9), or on an existing resin tank 6 (see Figure 4), without limiting the scope of the present invention in any way. In some exemplary embodiments, the resin tank 6 may include a mounting base 7 fixed to or integrated with the base plate of the device 1 such that the glass surface provides a rigid surface (see Figure 9). Otherwise, if not placed on a rigid structure, the flexible film 17 may deform downward while the piston is pushing the resin 2, and the hydraulic pressure may not be sufficient to move the platform 16 and drive it further out of the second chamber. In an exemplary embodiment, the flexible film 17 may be an oxygen permeable film. In this embodiment, the bottom plate of the hydraulic printing device may be replaced with an oxygen permeable film 17, which may be placed on the glass of the mounting base 7.

[0069]

[0122] During the printing process, oxygen permeates the film 17, forming a “dead zone” on the top surface of the film 17. The “dead zone” is typically beneficial in inhibiting polymerization reactions within the “dead zone,” preventing the 3D object 3 from unnecessarily adhering to the film 17. Naturally, this reduces the adhesive force between the 3D object 3 and the film 17, contributing to an increased printing speed. The principle of the dead zone is described by Carbon, Inc. in U.S. Patent No. 9,360,757.

[0070]

[0123] In general, the present invention employs the principle that "liquids are fundamentally incompressible." Based on this principle, while the standby resin is being pushed by the piston, a certain amount of resin flows from chamber 12 into the printing chamber 13, and the platform 15 is pushed up by an appropriate or equivalent distance. The decrease in volume of the standby chamber 12 is equal to the increase in volume of the printing chamber 13. Therefore, by controlling the operating speed of the piston 15, the relative cross-sectional area of ​​chambers 12 and 13, printing thickness, speed, and other characteristics can be precisely adjusted. Figure 8 shows an exemplary enlarged view of the cross-sectional view shown in Figure 7.

[0071]

[0124] While the present invention may be suitable for printing a wide range of objects, it may be particularly suitable for printing small 3D objects, such as printable dental crowns used by dental professionals on their patients. In exemplary embodiments, devices such as Device 1 can be easily attached to existing 3D printers. As will be described below with reference to other figures, according to the present invention, in some exemplary embodiments, more specialized printers suitable for engaging with special container assemblies or cartridges may be used.

[0072]

[0125] Compared to conventional printing methods (e.g., top-down, bottom-up), in the device according to the present invention, the printing material is always contained within a sealed chamber and never comes into direct contact with air until the desired object is completed and most or all of the printing material has been used for any purpose. Therefore, the printing system and method proposed in this disclosure effectively reduces the effects of humidity and dust in the air, which can adversely affect the quality and durability of the printing material and the 3D printed objects formed using the system and method.

[0073]

[0126] Referring now to Figure 7, an exemplary cross-sectional view of the chamber of a device for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0074]

[0127] In conventional 3D printers, due to machine limitations (e.g., motor and electronic control precision), raising or lowering the build platform in any direction is limited to the Z-axis. min It has a minimum stroke called Z. Under this constraint, the height of each layer forming the intended 3D object is Z min It must be higher than that. Therefore, conventional 3D printers cannot further improve the accuracy of 3D objects in the z-axis. However, according to the present invention, by adjusting the relative cross-sectional area of ​​chamber 12 and chamber 13, the Z min It is possible to overcome this.

[0075]

[0128] For example, without limiting the scope of the present invention, as shown in Figure 9, the cross-sectional area of ​​the printing chamber 16 can be increased to twice the cross-sectional area of ​​the chamber 15. Thus, the build platform 5 can be moved to Z min If we move it downwards only in height, platform 16 will be Z min It can be pushed up by half. Therefore, in this invention, it is possible to divide a 3D object into more layers for printing, and thus the accuracy of the 3D object in the z-axis is improved.

[0076]

[0129] Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary container assembly for printing a 3D object according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 6 shows the container assembly 600 during or after a print job, and thus shows the 3D printed object still curing on a platform that is still inside the chamber of the container assembly.

[0077]

[0130] As shown in this diagram of Figure 6, the container assembly 600 may include a piston 601 that moves along the z-axis of the first chamber 602, which is in fluid communication with the second chamber 603, and the piston 601 is adapted to hydraulically drive the movement of the platform 604 in the second chamber 603 by moving or transferring, for example, at least a portion 605 of the printing material stored in the first chamber 602 to the printing area 606 in the second chamber 603 (the printing area 606 is shown by a dotted line between the surface of the window 607 and the surface 604a of the platform 604). When the container assembly 600 is driven during a printing job, a curing light engine configured to emit curing light directs curing light through the window 607, curing a layer of printing material in the printing area onto the platform or against a pre-cured layer of printing material that has already cured on the platform. By repeating these steps thereafter, a three-dimensional object 608 may be formed. In some exemplary embodiments, the window 607 may be glass or a similar hard, transparent or translucent surface. In some exemplary embodiments, a glass or similar hard, transparent or translucent surface may be treated with a coating layer 609, such as a gel, for example, a PDMS gel coating.

[0078]

[0131] Referring now to the following series of figures, Figures 10–12 show another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, which is a container assembly configured to fabricate a single 3D printed object, the container assembly being, without limiting the scope of the present invention in any way, exemplary, having a boot-like shape or otherwise a boot-shaped body containing a plurality of fluid-connected chambers (i.e., similar to the chambers shown in the embodiments of Figures 3 and 6).

[0079]

[0132] In Figure 10, an exemplary container assembly 1000 includes a housing or body 1100 which includes a first chamber 1002 adapted to initially hold the printing material and receive at least a portion of a first piston 1001. A second chamber 1003 is adapted to receive at least a portion of a second piston which forms at least a portion of a platform 1004, and the chamber 1002 is fluidly connected to the second chamber 1003 such that as the piston 1001 moves or, in this case, is pushed, the volume inside the chamber 1002 decreases, transferring at least a portion of the printing material to the chamber 1003 by, for example, hydraulically pushing the printing material into the chamber 1003, and a layer of printing material between the platform and the base or window of the container assembly may be exposed to a light source which cures the printing material on the platform 1004.

[0080]

[0133] In an exemplary embodiment, the base 1005 has a window 1008 (see Figure 12) formed or fixed to the bottom portion of the container assembly 1000, the window being configured to allow a light source to direct curing light onto the layers of printing material transferred into the chamber 1003. Thus, the light source can be directed towards the window 1008 to print each layer onto the surface of the build platform 1004.

[0081]

[0134] Figures 11 and 12 show images of the bottom section of the container assembly 1000. From the diagram in Figure 11, it can be seen that chambers 1002 and 1003 are fluidly connected in the bottom region of the container assembly. More specifically, a channel 1007 may be formed in the bottom of the container for fluidly connecting chambers 1002 and 1003. This channel 1007 may be sealed by a base bottom surface which may be glass or part of the container assembly body 1001, and the channel 1007 is partially formed by recesses 1006 which separate the bottoms of each chamber 1002 and chamber 1003 from the end portion of the housing 1100.

[0082]

[0135] In exemplary embodiments, such as those shown in Figure 12, it can be understood that in some exemplary embodiments, the window 1008 may be located directly below the chamber 1003 (i.e., the chamber in which the platform 1004 is slidably housed) and positioned so that only the layer of printing material below the chamber 1003 is exposed to the curing light. For example, without departing from or limiting the scope of the present invention, this may be achieved by including a base 1009 that is solid except for a transparent opening that forms the window 1008.

[0083]

[0136] Referring now to the following series of figures, Figures 12-1 to 12-4 illustrate a method for printing 3D printed objects as implemented by a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0084]

[0137] As an example, without limiting the scope of the present invention, starting from Figure 12-1, in step (1), the platform 1104 of the container assembly 1100 may be driven from an initial position or state of the device. For example, initially, the platform 1104 may be positioned in its lowest or most recessed position within the chamber 1103. In this initial or initiating stage, 3D printer components such as a printing arm may be coupled to a piston 1101, which may be adapted to drive the piston 1101 (for example, by pushing it down) into the chamber 1102, which initially holds at least some or most of the printing material inside.

[0085]

[0138] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly 1100 may hold most of the printing material, such as resin, in the chamber 1102, and have just enough printing material in the chamber 1103 to cure the initial layer of the desired 3D printed object. In other exemplary embodiments, the piston 1101 must first be driven to introduce a suitable first layer of printing material into the chamber 1103. Thus, whether a suitable layer of printing material is already in the chamber 1103 or whether a suitable layer of printing material must first be introduced into the chamber 1103 by the driving of the piston 1101, the curing light module 1105 may be actuated simultaneously or thereafter to begin emitting curing light onto the suitable layer of printing material to cure the layer on the surface of the platform 1104.

[0086]

[0139] In step (2), as shown in Figure 12-2, the process proceeds with the driven piston 1101 continuing to move, transferring the printing material between the fluidly communicating chambers 1102 and 1103. In some exemplary embodiments, the process is continuous, and the piston 1101 is continuously pushed into chamber 1102 to continuously introduce the printing material into chamber 1103 to print the desired 3D print object 1107. In some exemplary embodiments, there may be pauses in the driving of the piston 1101, in which exemplary embodiments the timing of the driving of the piston 1101 coincides with the timing of the operation of the optical engine to maximize the speed, efficiency, and quality of the 3D print object 1107. As illustrated exemplary in Figure 12-2, once the piston 1101 is driven and further moved within chamber 1102 to transfer a portion of the printing material 1106 into chamber 1103, the platforms 1104 may be raised or lowered from chamber 1103, respectively.

[0087]

[0140] In step (3), as shown in Figure 12-3, the process continues to print the next or subsequent layer, and the hydraulic printing device repeats the above steps until the entire 3D object is completed. In exemplary embodiments, most or all of the printing material stored in the first chamber may be transferred to a second chamber (although this is not necessarily required). As described above, one of the advantages of the present invention is that the container assembly can keep the printing material required for a single use in a safe and sealed environment so as to preserve and maintain the printing material in its optimal condition before use. This is a clear improvement over conventional printing methods, which require opening the container of the printing material that can be used after the packaged printing material has been opened, and which are often reused or not used completely, and are only used later when their effectiveness has decreased due to their effective life and exposure to the environment.

[0088]

[0141] In step (4), the fabrication or printing process may be completed as shown in Figure 12-4. In the exemplary embodiment, the platform 1104 may be completely removed from the chamber 1103, either manually or mechanically, so that the completed 3D printed object 1107 can be accessed and separated from the platform 1104. Naturally, once the fabrication process is complete, the optical engine may be stopped or shut down. As can be understood from the method of fabricating this exemplary 3D printed object, in the exemplary embodiment the container assembly is a single-use assembly. Naturally, in other exemplary embodiments the same hydraulic principle may be applied to a multi-chamber tank assembly similar to the container assembly, and the multi-chamber tank assembly may not be single-use but may be refilled and reused later.

[0089]

[0142] As can be understood from the method of printing a 3D printed object according to the present invention, which is described exemplary, the driving of the piston 1101 (or otherwise, the movement of the piston 1101) can be achieved by unidirectional movement. That is, in the illustrated embodiment, the piston 1101 is moved downward in a unidirectional direction within the chamber 1102 (i.e., the piston 1101 is never pulled out of the chamber 1102 during the printing process). As a result, the platform 1104 also moves in a unidirectional direction (i.e., the platform 1104 never moves into the chamber 1103, but only moves out of the chamber 1103 in a unidirectional direction). Unidirectional movement facilitates a more efficient process overall because time is not wasted moving the platform toward and away from the printing material, as is the case with conventional 3D printers that use methods for creating 3D objects.

[0090]

[0143] Next, Figure 13 shows a method for printing a three-dimensional object according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 13 shows exemplary method 1200. Although method 1200 is shown in a specific sequence, it should be understood that different sequences having fewer or more steps may be implemented without departing from the scope of the present invention. In the exemplary embodiment, method 1200 may include the following steps:

[0091]

[0144] In step 1201, a device according to the present invention, such as a piston of a container assembly, may be driven or otherwise moved. For example, the piston may be slidably moved within or through the chamber of the container assembly. This may include driving a piston in a first chamber, the piston being adapted to drive the movement of a platform in a second chamber that is in fluid communication with the first chamber.

[0092]

[0145] In step 1202, at least a portion of the printing material stored in the chamber may be transferred to the printing area between the window surface and the platform. This typically includes transferring at least a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to the second chamber where the platform is located, thus allowing a suitable layer of the printing material to be exposed to curing light through the window.

[0093]

[0146] In step 1203, curing light may be emitted through a window to cure at least a portion of the layer of printing material against the platform (i.e., if it is, for example, the first layer) or against a pre-cured layer of printing material (i.e., if the pre-cured layer has already been cured and the new layer is being formed on top of the cured layer on which the 3D object to be formed exists).

[0094]

[0147] In step 1204, steps 1201 to 1203 may be repeated until the desired 3D object is finally formed.

[0095]

[0148] In some exemplary embodiments, step 1201 may include moving the piston in a single direction along the axis of the first chamber. In some exemplary embodiments, moving the piston in a single direction along the axis of the first chamber may include moving the piston continuously until a three-dimensional object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, moving the piston in a single direction along the axis of the first chamber may include pausing the movement of the piston at programmable intervals until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0096]

[0149] In some exemplary embodiments, step 1202 may include placing a layer of printing material on the glass surface of a window. In some exemplary embodiments, step 1202 may include placing a layer of printing material on a film or coating layer that forms at least partially the window. In some exemplary embodiments, the film may be a flexible oxygen-permeable film. In some exemplary embodiments, the film or coating layer may be a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a polymethylpentene (PMP) film, a Transparent Polymer X (TPX) film, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film.

[0097]

[0150] In some exemplary embodiments, step 1204 may substantially include consuming or transferring the printing material stored in the first chamber to a second chamber containing the platform.

[0098]

[0151] In some exemplary embodiments, method 1200 may further include releasing the platform from the second chamber to allow access to the three-dimensional object formed on the platform after the completion of the printing process. In some exemplary embodiments, method 1200 may further include breaking or removing the seals of the container assembly housing the first and second chambers before step 1201, i.e., before driving the piston.

[0099]

[0152] In exemplary embodiments, Method 1201 may be partially or completely carried out by a controller of the system according to the present invention. For example, without limiting the scope of the present invention, the controller 105 of Figure 2-1 or Figure 2-3 may be used. Thus, the controller 105 may include a memory having executable instructions, the instructions being configured to (a) drive a piston in a first chamber, the piston driving the movement of a platform in a second chamber that is in fluid communication with the first chamber, (b) transfer at least a portion of the printing material at least partially contained in the first chamber to a second chamber including a printing area between the surface of a window and the platform, (c) radiate curing light through the window to cure a layer of printing material against the platform or against a pre-cured layer of printing material already cured on the platform, and (d) repeat steps (a) to (c) until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0100]

[0153] In some exemplary embodiments, driving a piston in a first chamber hydraulically drives the platform. In some exemplary embodiments, driving a piston in a first chamber hydraulically drives a piston in a second chamber, the piston in the second chamber forming at least a portion of the platform.

[0101]

[0154] Figure 13-2 shows a system for printing a three-dimensional object using multiple materials according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 13-2 shows a container assembly 1300 configured to build a 3D printed object which may include multiple types of materials, such as printing materials 1311, 1312, and 1313, that can be cured on a platform 1301, by transferring multiple printing materials from a first chamber housing a piston 1303 to a second chamber housing a platform 1301. Each material is used according to the build specifications or parameters of a desired 3D printed object, such that each material is introduced in a predetermined sequence into the chamber housing the platform 1301 so that the desired material sequence is cured as needed. In this exemplary embodiment, the 3D printed object may be formed using different materials within the container assembly or boot cartridge, facilitating the printing of multi-color or multi-material products. In some exemplary embodiments, this can be achieved by implementing multiple pistons in separate fluid-connected chambers configured to transfer different printing materials from other chambers to the chamber housing the build platform. Such exemplary embodiments are shown with reference to the following figures.

[0102]

[0155] Figure 13-3 shows a system for printing a three-dimensional object using multiple materials according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 13-3 shows a first chamber housing a first piston 1301 and a first printing material 1304. A second chamber houses a second piston 1302 and a second printing material 1305. Both the first and second chambers are adapted to selectively fluidize with a third chamber housing a platform 1303. Selective fluidization can be controlled by valves 1306 and 1307, for example, one-way valves that allow either the first or second piston to transfer printing material to the third chamber housing the platform.

[0103]

[0156] In exemplary embodiments, valves 1306 and 1307 may be configured to control the supply rates of different materials. Platform 1303 is adapted to receive different materials during printing, and the system allows the same 3D printed object to be printed with different materials at different layer heights.

[0104]

[0157] Referring here to the following series of figures, various structures and / or components may be exemplary arranged within each chamber and / or outside the piston and platform to maintain a desired pressurized environment within the hydraulic system of the vessel assembly. In exemplary embodiments, these structures or components within each chamber facilitate an airtight seal. For example, without limiting the scope of the present invention, an airtight seal or pressurized environment may include treating the surface with a material that facilitates this and / or using structures such as O-rings.

[0105]

[0158] Figures 14–16 show some diagrams of a device according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, Figures 14–16 show cross-sectional views of a chamber of a container having a piston or platform 1401, with walls 1402 forming the chamber walls. In exemplary embodiments, as shown in these figures, the piston (or platform) may include at least one or more structures, for example, an O-ring 1403 located within a recessed wall 1404 of the piston 1401, which provides a tight seal to prevent leakage of printing material, which is typically highly viscous.

[0106]

[0159] As described above, an airtight seal or pressurized environment helps maintain the optimal state of the printing material until it is used up during the printing protocol. Furthermore, another advantage of the present invention is that a pressurized environment is suitable for utilizing highly viscous materials to fabricate or print 3D objects. This is particularly useful in certain applications, including but not limited to dental applications. For example, without limiting the scope of the present invention, it may be desirable in the field of dentistry to print objects such as crowns. The inability to properly handle highly viscous printing materials is a problem that has not yet been adequately addressed in the prior art, and the present invention addresses this by a hydraulic system of a tank or container assembly described herein.

[0107]

[0160] In exemplary embodiments, the volume ratio of chamber 1 to chamber 2 is 1:1, and in some embodiments, different ratios may be used to optimize the efficiency of the fabrication process and the quality of the 3D printed object being fabricated. Thus, without departing from or limiting the scope of the present invention, the present invention may be carried out using chambers of similar or different sizes, chamber lengths, chamber volumes, and / or number of chambers.

[0108]

[0161] Referring now to the following series of figures, Figure 17 shows a system for printing three-dimensional objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 18 shows a base support configured to support or receive a container assembly or cartridge of the system shown in Figure 17, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0109]

[0162] More specifically, Figure 17 shows a printing system 1700 which includes a container assembly 1701 for holding printing material for printing a three-dimensional object, and a piston 1702 movable within a first chamber of the container assembly 1701, configured to drive the movement of a platform in a second chamber that is in fluid communication with the first chamber, and to transfer layers of printing material stored in the first chamber to a printing area between the window surface and the platform in the second chamber.

[0110]

[0163] Furthermore, the system 1700 includes at least one actuator 1703 coupled to a controller and configured to move a piston 1701 (for example, by an arm 1704), and a curing light emission module 1705 that communicates with the controller and is configured to emit curing light through a window to cure at least a portion of the layers of the printing material against the platform or against a pre-cured layer of the printing material until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0111]

[0164] In some exemplary embodiments, the system 1700 includes a base support 1706 configured to receive a single cartridge or container assembly 1701. The base support may be a transparent base or may have at least a transparent portion to allow a curing light module 1705 to direct curing light onto the printed area of ​​the container assembly 1701.

[0112]

[0165] As shown in Figure 18, the base support 1706 may optionally have a region such as a region 1801 that aligns with the base portion of the container assembly 1701, which may be useful for fixing the container assembly 1701 to the system 1700 during the printing process so that the container assembly does not necessarily move during the printing process and the curing light can be projected accurately.

[0113]

[0166] Next, Figure 19 shows a similar system 1900, and Figure 20 shows a similar base support 1901 configured to support or receive a plurality of container assemblies or cartridges according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. An arm 1902 may be configured to simultaneously drive each of a plurality of pistons of a plurality of container assemblies that can be fixed to the base support 1901. From the diagram of Figure 20, it can be understood that the base support 1901 suitable for receiving a plurality of container assemblies does not have to be limited to a particular orientation, i.e., the container assemblies may be arranged along the width or length of the base support without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the plurality of container assemblies or cartridges may be supported in a plurality of orientations, and the surface of the base support may have individual recessed portions such as recessed area 2001 and recessed area 2002 that align with one or more container assemblies.

[0114]

[0167] Referring now to the last figure, Figure 21 shows a cleaning system adapted to accept a platform for a system for printing three-dimensional objects, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0115]

[0168] In exemplary embodiments, the system may include auxiliary cleaning components suitable for platform components such as those described herein. That is, a cleaning device 2100 for washing away residual printing material from newly 3D printed parts (and platforms) may have an opening 2101 retrofitted or designed to align with a portion of the platform 1104 of a container assembly or cartridge according to the present invention, thereby exposing the platform 1104 (and the mounted 3D printed object 1107) to an internal chamber where the parts can be exposed to, for example, a cleaning module 2102 for applying a solvent and / or a light module 2103 for applying post-curing exposure to post-cur the newly printed 3D printed parts.

[0116]

[0169] Figure 21-1 illustrates a method 2110 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes the steps of cleaning and solidifying a 3D object, as well as the steps of recycling the cleaning solvent. Method 2110 may include the steps of heating the cleaning solvent (2111), pressurizing the cleaning solvent to generate high-temperature and high-pressure vapor in a pipe (2112), and spraying the high-temperature and high-pressure vapor onto the 3D object (2113). The vapor removes the viscosity of any resin remaining on the surface of the 3D object, causing the remaining resin to gradually decrease and eventually be removed from the surface of the 3D object by the vapor.

[0117]

[0170] In step 2114, hot air may be sprayed onto the 3D object. Even though the surface of the 3D object may appear free of residual resin after exposure to high-temperature and high-pressure vapor, there is still a possibility that some molten resin may remain in droplets on the surface of the 3D object. Therefore, the hot air sprayed in step 2114 can blow away these droplets (and residual resin in the droplets) from the surface of the 3D object, allowing the cleaned 3D object to dry.

[0118]

[0171] In step 2115, after the completion of cleaning steps 2111-2114, the 3D object may be solidified, and the 3D object may be placed in a curing chamber for further hardening to obtain a higher-performance 3D object. As described with reference to Figure 21, this step may be carried out in a single device including a chamber for exposing the 3D object to both the cleaning protocol and the post-curing protocol, such as post-curing with appropriate heat. Alternatively, this step may employ the use of different post-curing devices.

[0119]

[0172] In step 2116, the resin may be solidified and separated from any liquid waste. After the used cleaning solvent vapor is cooled and condensed into liquid waste, the liquid waste may be placed in a sunlight or UV environment to solidify the resin and separate the cleaning solvent for recycling for reuse in the next cleaning process.

[0120]

[0173] Therefore, in step 2117, the cleaning solvent may be recycled.

[0121]

[0174] Figure 21-2 shows an exemplary structure of a cleaning device according to the present invention. More specifically, the device 2118, which includes piping comprising three components, namely, an intake pipe 2118-1, a mixing pipe 2118-2, and a transport pipe 2118-3, is shown in more exemplary detail. In the intake piping section 2118-1, high-temperature steam, high-temperature air, and high-pressure air are introduced through two separate intake pipes 2118-1(a) and 2118-1(b), respectively. In the mixing piping section 2118-1, the high-temperature steam from intake pipe 2118-1(a) is mixed with the high-temperature air and high-pressure air from intake pipe 2118-1(b) to form high-temperature and high-pressure steam. In the transport piping section 2118-3, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam from the mixing piping 2118-2 is transferred to transport pipes 2118-3(a), 2118-3(b), 2118-3(c), and 2118-3(d), respectively, and then enters the cleaning chamber 2118-6 through nozzles at different angles.

[0122]

[0175] The solenoid valve 2118-4 includes valves 2118-4(a) and 2118-4(b), respectively, configured to control the opening and closing of intake pipes 2118-1(a) and 2118-1(b). Relay 2118-5 may be configured to send commands to solenoid valve 2118-4 to open and close the valves. The cleaning chamber 2118-6 may be the location where cleaning steps 2113 and 2114, as described, for example with reference to Figure 21-1, are performed.

[0123]

[0176] Referring here to Figure 21-3, an assembly relationship between platform 2119-3 and cleaning chamber 2119-6 of cleaning device 2119 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. On the top surface of cleaning chamber 2119-6 is a groove 2119-4 that matches the shape of platform 2119-3, and the outer edge of groove 2119-4 extends upward to form groove body 2119-2. At the bottom of platform 2119-3 is a solidified 3D object connected to platform 2119-3 by a printing or molding process according to the present invention, and platform 2119-3 can be inserted into cleaning chamber 2119-6 by passing through the groove or opening 2119-4.

[0124]

[0177] Referring now to the following figure, Figure 21-4 shows a schematic diagram of the cleaning device 2120 in operation, and in particular shows the internal structure of the cleaning chamber 2120-6. As previously mentioned, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam travels through the transport pipes 2120-3(a), 2120-3(b), 2120-3(c), and 2120-3(d), and is then injected into the cleaning chamber 2120-6 from different angles through nozzles 2120-4(a), 2120-4(b), 2120-4(c), and 2120-4(d), respectively. Once the system receives a "start" command from the user while platform 2119-3 can be mounted in a tapered position, nozzle 2120-4 injects a stream of steam onto the 3D object 2119-2.

[0125]

[0178] In addition, one or more windows 2120-7 may be provided in the side wall of the cleaning chamber 2120-6 to prevent the steam flow from accumulating inside the cleaning chamber and becoming high pressure, which could lead to a decrease in the pressure of the steam flow ejected from the nozzle 2120-4, or to prevent the steam from being ejected to the outside, thereby affecting the cleaning effect.

[0126]

[0179] The cleaning chamber 2120-6 is typically located within a larger sealed chamber, and after a vapor stream is injected from nozzle 2120-4 to clean the 3D object 2119-2, the 3D object 2119-2 may be transferred from the cleaning chamber 2120-6 to the outside through window 2120-7, but it should be noted that it always remains within the sealed chamber. After the cleaning process is complete, the sealed chamber may be cooled (or the vapor stream may be first transferred to a specific container and then cooled), condensing the vapor containing residual resin into liquid waste. In the next step, the liquid waste may be further solidified and separated under ultraviolet light or sunlight, thereby separating the cleaning solvent from the liquid waste, which can then be recycled for further use.

[0127]

[0180] Preferably, nozzles 2120-4(a), 2120-4(b), and 2120-4(c) are arranged on the same horizontal plane at a 120° interval and spray a vapor stream onto the 3D object 2119-2. Furthermore, nozzle 2120-4(d) may be positioned directly below the 3D object 2119-2 and spray a vapor stream upward onto the 3D object 2119-2. This nozzle arrangement allows for effective cleaning of the surface of the 3D object 2119-2, particularly the tooth crown.

[0128]

[0181] Moving on to the next figure, Figure 21-5 shows a top view of the cleaning device 2121, which shows the transport piping 2121-3 and the cleaning chamber 2121-6, respectively. Figure 21-6 shows a cross-sectional view of the cleaning device 2121 in area AA of Figure 21-5, and in particular, a partially enlarged view of area B. As shown in Figure 21-6, the groove 2121-4 not only extends upward to form the groove body 2121-2, but also extends inward to form a step 2121-1 that supports the platform 2119-3. However, it is noteworthy that the 3D object 2119-2 attached to the bottom of the platform 2119-3 passes through the groove 2121-4 and enters the cleaning chamber.

[0129]

[0182] In the exemplary embodiment, the groove body 2121-2 is sufficiently tall to enhance the stability of the platform and its connected 3D object during the cleaning process. For example, the height of the groove body is designed to be 1 / 5, 1 / 4, 1 / 3, 1 / 2, or even greater than the height of the platform. In the exemplary embodiment, the inner diameter of the groove body and the outer diameter of the platform are designed to fit tightly together, such as with an interlocking fit, to enhance the stability of the platform and its connected 3D object during the cleaning process. In the exemplary embodiment, the cleaning solvent during heating and pressurization is water. In the exemplary embodiment, the temperature of the vapor flow in the nozzle is 110°C to 150°C, more preferably 120°C to 140°C, and even more preferably 130°C. In the exemplary embodiment, the pressure of the vapor flow in the nozzle may be 0.03 MPa to 0.2 MPa, more preferably 0.05 MPa to 0.1 MPa, and even more preferably 0.08 MPa.

[0130]

[0183] In the exemplary embodiment, in addition to the two solenoid valves in the intake piping, four more solenoid valves (not shown) are also installed in the transport piping. These valves may be opened and / or closed in a specific sequence to progressively clean various surfaces of the 3D object, thereby avoiding interference between steam flows and improving the cleaning effect.

[0131]

[0184] In some exemplary embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 21-8, 21-9, and 21-10, the cleaning device 2122 may be configured to have a rotating structure. As shown in Figure 21-8, during the cleaning process, the platform 713 and its connected 3D object 712 rotate continuously under the drive of a motor 715. The platform 713 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 715 by a coupling sleeve 714.

[0132]

[0185] In this exemplary embodiment, since the platform 713 and the connected 3D object 712 can rotate continuously around the z-axis, it may not be necessary to position the nozzles at a specific distance or angle.

[0133]

[0186] In this embodiment, the cleaning device 700 may include a nozzle (not shown) at the end of a transport pipe 703(a) at the bottom and a nozzle (not shown) at the end of a transport pipe 703(b) on the side wall for cleaning the bottom and sides of the 3D object 712. Rotation of the 3D object 712 removes any residual resin remaining on the sides. If necessary, the cleaning device 700 may include an additional nozzle (not shown) at the end of a transport pipe 703(c) for cleaning the top of the 3D object 712.

[0134]

[0187] Figures 21-9 and 21-10 show, for reference, an exploded assembly view and a cross-sectional view of the cleaning device 700, respectively. As shown in Figure 21-10, the platform 713 and the output shaft of the motor 715 can be connected to the sleeve 714, which is tightly coupled to each other, for example, by an interference fit. Alternatively, mechanical locking methods such as threading or keyways may also be used.

[0135]

[0188] While basic embodiments have been described above, some alternative / optional embodiments are now described. Optionally, to reduce kinetic energy loss of the vapor flow, the inner diameter of the piping may be 5 mm and the nozzle diameter may be 1.8 mm. The piping may be made of fluororubber that can withstand high temperatures and pressures to improve its effective lifespan. Optionally, the cleaning chamber may include several grooves to clean several 3D objects together and improve cleaning efficiency. Alternatively, the grooves may be replaced with a cage (such as the one disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 11279089B2 by SprintRay, Inc.), after which the user removes several 3D objects and places them in the cage, and the cleaning device injects a vapor flow to clean the 3D objects together and improve cleaning efficiency. Optionally, the material of the cleaning chamber may be plastic or metal.

[0136]

[0189] In exemplary embodiments, the cleaning solvent may be organic. In exemplary embodiments, the cleaning process may rely solely on high temperature and high pressure air to achieve cleaning and may be completed without any solvents.

[0137]

[0190] Optionally, the cleaning device may be modified to rotate its support base via a motor that drives the rotation of the platform. For example, the groove may be designed as a component that moves the cleaning chamber independently and can be driven to rotate by a motor. The platform may be configured to rotate synchronously with the groove.

[0138]

[0191] Referring now to the following figure, Figure 22 shows an exemplary embodiment of a container assembly, specifically the body of a container assembly, that improves the molding or printing speed and optimizes the container assembly. More specifically, this embodiment is similar to the embodiment described with reference to Figures 3-1 and 3-2, where the bottom plate 112 forms the bottom portion of the housing or body 11 and is preferably transparent, and similarly, the bottom plate 112 can be replaced with a flexible film as described above. As described above, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the flexible film may be placed on the top surface (e.g., glass) of the bottom plate 112 such that the film and the bottom plate 112 together form the bottom portion of the body 11, and this configuration of the hydraulic device results in increased printing speed but also facilitates transport as a single product (i.e., the container assembly functions as a printing material container as well as a platform and a printing material tank, and is an integrated device or product). However, one potential drawback of this configuration is that by placing the flexible film on the base plate 112 (e.g., glass) without any means of attaching or stably positioning the film, undesirable deformation may occur during interaction with the fluid and / or adhesive forces during operation, potentially leading to the formation of an irregular surface on the film that holds the printing material. If this occurs, the deformation may result in an undesirable decrease in the accuracy of the 3D object and may even lead to printing failure.

[0139]

[0192] Accordingly, Figure 22 shows an exemplary embodiment in which a binder 2201 is applied between the film 17 and the glass 112 to firmly fix the film 17 to the glass 112 and to prevent creeping deformation that would otherwise occur. In some exemplary embodiments, the binder 2201 may be one of a silicone adhesive (e.g., PDMS adhesive), a UV adhesive, or any suitable transparent adhesive capable of attaching the film 17 to the glass 112.

[0140]

[0193] Figures 23-1 to 23-4 illustrate exemplary embodiments of pistons, more specifically, pistons of different shapes, that may be used in the present invention. For example, embodiments illustrated and described with reference to Figures 5 and 10, without limiting the scope of the present invention in any way, show a substantially cylindrical piston forming platform 1004. In some exemplary embodiments, other shapes may be used, as shown by Figures 23-1 to 23-3. These other shapes, having a wide variety of dimensions, such as some polygonal, others elliptical, rectangular, oblong, or the shape shown in Figure 23-2, may offer the advantage of preventing slight rotations within the container assembly that could unnecessarily cause a series of uncontrolled consequences, such as a decrease in the accuracy of the 3D object or even overall printing failure.

[0141]

[0194] Therefore, in some exemplary embodiments, regular prismatic structures such as pentagonal, hexagonal, and square prisms may be used. In particular, conventional O-ring seals may not be suitable for these shapes. Similarly, Figure 23-2 also shows a regular prismatic structure. The term "regular" specifically means that the cross-section has a simple geometric shape and the cross-sectional area is easy to calculate. The advantage of this configuration is that the manufacturer can easily ensure and adjust the relative cross-sectional area between the first and second chambers. Figure 23-2 provides an elliptical cylinder piston. This shape is not only useful for preventing undesirable rotation but is also adapted to allow the application of more common O-ring seals. Figure 23-3 shows an irregular prismatic structure having a teardrop shape. This shape may be followed more by decorative industrial designs of pistons according to the present invention. Figure 23-4 shows a series of pistons that complement the cross-sections shown in Figures 23-1 to 23-3.

[0142]

[0195] Figure 23-5 shows an exemplary guide structure that may be used in the present invention. More specifically, the figure shows an exemplary guide structure or structure 2301 that may be positioned or formed on the contact surface between the side wall of the chamber and the piston. This configuration helps prevent undesirable rotation of the platform, and therefore, in some exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the guide or anti-rotation structure may be provided, according to the present invention, on the surface of a support structure such as a piston or platform, or along a wall to which these structures are aligned. As shown in Figure 23-5, the guide structure 2301 may include several raised linear ribs on the outer surface of the piston and / or several linear grooves on the chamber.

[0143]

[0196] Figures 24-1 to 24-3 show the container assembly body configuration according to several exemplary embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, these figures show another embodiment of a container assembly or hydraulic device according to the present invention. In this exemplary embodiment, the platform 16 is located inside the piston 15, and the piston 15 and platform 16 are arranged concentrically, with the piston 15 being formed as a hollow cylindrical structure that slidably receives the platform 16 inside. Both the piston 15 and the platform 16 are located inside a housing 11 that houses the entire structure. The body of the hydraulic device is a substantially hollow structure, and the hollow area is divided by a partition 111 into an O-ring shaped chamber 12 (i.e., a waiting resin or printing material chamber) and a printing chamber 13. One or more channels, such as channel 14, may be formed at the bottom of the partition 111 to fluidly communicate the chamber 12 and the chamber 13. In the exemplary embodiment, a sealing structure as described in the above embodiments may be used, and the platform may have the various shapes described above. In some exemplary embodiments, the partition 111 may be omitted so that the hollow area can form an undivided chamber, i.e., there is no division forming the waiting chamber 12 and the printing chamber 13.

[0144]

[0197] Alternatively, the platform 16 may extend beyond the piston 15, and the 3D object can be cured below the O-ring-shaped lower surface of the platform 16. Both designs shown in Figures 24-1 and 24-3 are beneficial in reducing the size of the hydraulic device and allow for the placement and use of more devices on a base support (as described with reference to Figure 20). Figures 24-4 to 24-5 show cross-sectional views of the container assembly body configuration according to the embodiment shown in Figure 24-1. Figures 24-6 to 24-9 show the container assembly body configuration according to the embodiment shown in Figure 24-1, except that the use of partition 111 is excluded in this configuration, and instead, chambers 12 and 13 are formed by the piston 15 and platform 16 arranged in close contact. Similar to the embodiments described above, the chamber 13 may extend to an area or cavity formed between the outer concentric cylinder forming the piston 15 and the piston 16, which moves along the length of the piston 15 and thus allows the printing material to be transported into this area or into the chamber 13 inside it.

[0145]

[0198] Figure 25 shows a system according to an exemplary embodiment similar to the embodiments illustrated and described with reference to Figures 24-1 to 24-2.

[0146]

[0199] Referring now to the following figures, Figure 26 shows an exemplary hydraulic printing device, i.e., a container assembly 2600, which includes several structures that facilitate an anti-rotation function, i.e., prevent its components from rotating in an undesirable manner. Figure 27 shows an exploded view thereof, and Figure 28 is an enlarged view of a structure along the chamber side wall that facilitates airflow to allow movement despite any negative pressure resulting from the printing process.

[0147]

[0200] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly 2600 includes a piston 15, a platform 16, chambers 12 and 13, a bottom plate 112, and several seal rings 18, similar to the embodiments described above. However, in exemplary embodiments such as those shown in these figures, the body of chamber 13 further includes an anti-rotation portion 131 which may be formed as a non-cylindrical cavity. For example, without departing from or limiting the scope of the invention, chamber 13 may include a first portion having a circular cross-section extending a first length along the axis of the chamber and a non-circular cross-section extending a second length along the axis of the chamber, for example, the second length having an elliptical cross-section. Furthermore, platform 16 may include a corresponding structure which may include an elliptical cap 161 to ensure that platform 16 cannot rotate during the printing process, but may also include a cylindrical body (i.e., a body having a circular cross-section) to ensure that platform 16 is tightly aligned with the portion of chamber 13 having a circular cross-section.

[0148]

[0201] Similar to the embodiments described above, the container assembly 2600 may be a single-use cartridge, i.e., a disposable cartridge of the type that can be used only once, after which the empty cartridge may be discarded, preferably recycled, or sent to a service provider for refilling. In other exemplary embodiments, the container assembly 2600 may be a cartridge that is not necessarily disposable and may be refilled by the end user for reuse.

[0149]

[0202] In exemplary embodiments, to easily control the relative cross-sectional area and ensure a sealing effect, the body of the platform 16 is also set as a cylinder and cooperates with the cylindrical portion 132 of the chamber body to seal. In some exemplary embodiments, the relative cross-sectional area of ​​chamber 12 and chamber 13 may be 1:1. In exemplary embodiments, the upper portion of the platform 16 may include a cap 161, which, as described above, may further include a handle portion 162 adapted to allow the end user to easily pull out the platform 16 in order to expose the 3D printed part formed on the build surface of the platform 16 after the printing process is complete.

[0150]

[0203] In an exemplary embodiment, the container assembly 2600 is a single-use or disposable (i.e., potentially recyclable) cartridge partially defined by a single housing that contains a plurality of chambers adapted to hydraulically transfer the printing material from a first chamber, where the printing material is primarily stored, to a second chamber, where layers of the printing material can be placed on the platform within the second chamber to form a 3D object on the platform. In an exemplary embodiment, the single-use or disposable cartridge is available pre-filled with printing material, such as a photosensitive resin, which is contained and sealed within the cartridge until the seal is broken before or during use. After the 3D object is formed on the platform, the 3D object is removed from the platform and the cartridge can be discarded.

[0151]

[0204] The container assembly 2600 facilitates the introduction of material for 3D object creation into the build chamber 16 by the application of pressure, for example, positive pressure (i.e., positive pressure applied in this case to the piston 15) facilitates the introduction (or transfer) of the material into the build chamber 16 to which the material is exposed to curing light. Other structures used (in this exemplary embodiment, such as non-cylindrical portions, negative pressure cavities, or vents 19) are adapted to ensure a sealed and controlled environment, both of which not only protect the effectiveness of the material before use but also facilitate the design of the additive manufacturing system. Naturally, as will be apparent from the present disclosure and the embodiments described throughout, the introduction of the material may be achieved by pushing or pulling the structure, by pushing down or pushing up, by injection or squeezing, or by transfer, movement, injection, or any other means of applying pressure to introduce the material into the build chamber in a controlled environment.

[0152]

[0205] Figure 29 shows a top view of the cartridge or container assembly 2600. Figure 30 shows a cross-sectional view thereof. Figure 31 further shows an enlarged view of the side wall having structural components adapted to eliminate or minimize the undesirable effects of negative pressure that may form within the cavity of the chamber 13.

[0153]

[0206] As shown in Figures 29 and 30, the different shapes of the cap 161 and the body of the platform 16 can cause a negative pressure cavity 21 to form at the junction of the anti-rotation portion 131 and the cylindrical portion 132 (i.e., having a circular cross-section) while the platform 16 is driven upward during the printing process. This negative pressure unnecessarily hinders the movement of the platform 16 and affects the printing process. To solve this problem, the anti-rotation portion 131 provides several vertical linear vents 19 to facilitate airflow, as shown in the enlarged view of Figure 28.

[0154]

[0207] Accordingly, a container assembly for printing a 3D object according to the present invention may include a housing that houses a first chamber adapted for storing printing material and a second chamber adapted for receiving a platform; a channel within the housing that connects the side walls of the first chamber and the side walls of the second chamber so that the first chamber and the second chamber are in fluid communication; and a structure that is movable within the first chamber to receive curing light for curing a layer of printing material onto the platform or onto a curing layer of printing material on the platform, and is adapted to transfer a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to a printing area between the surface of a window and the platform in the second chamber, in order to build a 3D object on the platform.

[0155]

[0208] In some embodiments, the second chamber is adapted to restrict or prevent the rotation of the platform, and the second chamber may be a non-cylindrical chamber or may have a structure that prevents or restricts the rotation of the platform. The second chamber may include a circular cross-section extending for a first length along the axis of the second chamber and a non-circular cross-section extending for a second length along the axis of the second chamber.

[0156]

[0209] The platform may include a cylindrical portion adapted to align with a circular cross-section extending for a first length along the axis of the second chamber. The platform may further include a portion having a non-circular cross-section adapted to align with a non-circular cross-section of the second chamber. In exemplary embodiments, the platform includes a seal adapted to hermetically seal the cylindrical cross-section extending for a first length along the axis of the second chamber. In some exemplary embodiments, the second chamber includes one or more structures along one or more side walls adapted to relieve negative pressure during the movement of the platform, such as negative pressure cavities and / or vents along one or more side walls of the second chamber.

[0157]

[0210] In one exemplary embodiment, a container assembly for printing a 3D object may include a single-use housing that houses a first chamber adapted to hermetically store printing material and a second chamber adapted to receive a platform, the second chamber being a single-use housing adapted to restrict or prevent rotation of the platform, a channel within the single-use housing connecting the side walls of the first chamber and the side walls of the second chamber so that the first chamber and the second chamber are in fluid communication, and a structure that is movable within the first chamber to receive curing light for curing layers of printing material on or onto a curing layer of printing material on the platform in order to build a 3D object on the platform, and is adapted to transfer a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to a printing area between the surface of a window and the platform in the second chamber.

[0158]

[0211] Referring now to the following series of figures, Figures 32 to 36-1 and 36-2 illustrate exemplary embodiments of the system according to the present invention, which can provide improved and effective sealing and fit, eliminate the need for additional seals, provide smoother linear movement during printing jobs, and reduce resistance.

[0159]

[0212] In the exemplary embodiments shown in these figures, a system 3200 is disclosed. The system 3200 may use a printing device that includes a static support structure, such as a hoop or arm 8, adapted to support a drive or move device adapted to drive or move a piston of a container assembly or cartridge 3201 according to the present invention. In the exemplary embodiments, the piston may be threaded to engage with the cartridge 3201. The piston may be connected to the output shaft of a move unit, for example, a device having a motor, such as a stepping motor, without limiting the scope of the present invention, or the piston may be connected to a stepping motor via a connector. In addition to movement along the longitudinal axis of the chamber, the piston may further be adapted to rotate and move downward by a stepping motor, for example, not necessarily synchronous with the motor, in order to transfer photosensitive resin or printing material from the chamber 12 to the chamber 13 in the cartridge 3201.

[0160]

[0213] Figure 32 shows an isometric side view of the 3D printer 3210 with a cartridge 3201 coupled to it on a support surface of the 3D printer 3210. Figure 33 shows the cartridge 3201 coupled to the actuator 82 in more detail. As shown in Figures 32 and 33, the 3D printer 3210 includes, in a non-limiting example, an arm 8, shown as a hoop support structure to which a motor 82 can be coupled and fixed. A connector 83 may be used to efficiently transmit torque from the motor's output shaft to the cartridge 3201 to facilitate the rotation of the piston. It should be understood that in some cases the use of the connector 83 is not mandatory, and instead, the piston of the hydraulic printing device may be directly connected to the output shaft of the motor 82.

[0161]

[0214] Figure 34 shows an exploded view of cartridge 3201. Figure 35 shows a transparent view of cartridge 3201 without the piston. Figures 36-1 and 36-2 show its side and cross-sectional views. As shown in these figures, cartridge 3201 may include a threaded piston 15 and a threaded chamber 12, the piston 15 having one or more grooves in its upper portion designed to connect to the convex edge of connector 83. The device platform is not shown in these figures.

[0162]

[0215] In an exemplary embodiment of system 3200, a structural component, such as an arm 8, that secures a motor adapted to move the piston 15 remains stationary, while the connector 82 further includes a spring 831 that applies pressure to the piston 15, thereby facilitating its linear motion along the z axis. Before starting the printing process, the spring 831 may be pre-compressed to ensure optimal performance. During the printing process, as the motor 82 rotates, it propels the piston 15 along a threaded path, and the spring 831 continuously applies force to the piston, gradually releasing tension until printing is complete. Preferably, the motor may be a stepping motor.

[0163]

[0216] In some alternative embodiments, the connector 83 or its spring 831 may be omitted. Instead, another stepping motor may be used to facilitate the movement of the piston along the z-axis. Nevertheless, the motor 82, the threaded piston 15, and the threaded chamber 15 may still function as described above.

[0164]

[0217] Referring now to the following series of figures, Figures 37 and 38 show a system 3700 that includes a 3D printing device 3710 using a dynamic support structure adapted to move a structure on a container assembly for printing a 3D object, which may be a single-use or disposable cartridge. This embodiment is similar to the embodiments in Figures 17, 18, and 19, and the 3D printing device 3710 includes a housing 3701 having a base or support surface 3702 generally located on the top region of the device 3710, configured to accept one or more container assemblies, such as a container assembly 3703. The support surface 3702 is adapted to include a transparent base or have at least a transparent portion 3704 to allow a curing light module (not shown in this figure) housed within the housing 3701 to direct curing light onto the printing area of ​​the container assembly 3703. The support surface 3702 may optionally have an area that aligns with the base portion of the container assembly 3703, which may be useful for securing the container assembly 3703 and several other similar container assemblies or 3D printed cartridges to the 3D printing device 3710 during the printing process, so that each container assembly or cartridge is fixed in place and does not move unnecessarily and interfere with the printing process, i.e., so that the curing light is accurately projected during the printing process.

[0165]

[0218] Furthermore, dynamic or movable structures such as moving or driving arms or hoops 3705 are adapted to move structures of the container assembly, such as pistons, as in the embodiments described above. That is, the 3D printing device 3710 uses hoops 3705 instead of motors 83 to facilitate the 3D printing process. That is, as can be understood from Figure 38, when hoops 3705 are moved downward, they push down each piston of one or more cartridges which can be fixed to the support surface 3702 of the 3D printing device 3710, and the 3D printing material stored in one or more cartridges is transferred into each chamber of each cartridge, placing at least one layer on the printing area between the surface of the window of each cartridge and the platform. The 3D printing device 3710 emits curing light through the transparent portion 3704 and the windows of one or more cartridges to create a 3D object inside each of one or more cartridges, curing the layer of printing material against the platform or against a pre-cured layer of printing material that has already cured on the platform of each cartridge.

[0166]

[0219] The 3D printing device 3710 may include a user interface such as UI3706, which may include physical buttons for initiating or otherwise starting the printing process for individual cartridges, and similarly, UI3706 may include indicators for ease of use. In exemplary embodiments, a display or touchscreen user interface such as a touchscreen 3707 may be used to enable user interaction with the 3D printing device 3710.

[0167]

[0220] In exemplary embodiments, each cartridge may be packaged separately or in batches of multiple cartridges. For example, Figures 39–41 show a container or packaging that can be sealed and adapted to hold three single-use or disposable cartridges therein, such as container assembly 3703.

[0168]

[0221] Referring here to the following series of figures, Figure 42 shows an isometric side view of the components of a 3D printer having a container assembly coupled thereto in an exemplary embodiment, and Figure 43 shows an isometric side view thereof from a different viewpoint. As shown in Figures 42 and 43, the 3D printing system includes a container assembly 1, an optical engine 4, a mounting base 7, and a hoop or arm 8. The mounting base 7 includes a retaining frame 71 having several windows configured to hold the container assembly 1, a transparent substrate 72 providing a flat surface and configured to support the retaining frame 71 and the container assembly 1, a substrate frame 73 including a large opening for light to pass through and several edges for securely holding the transparent substrate 72 in place, a cradle chassis 74, and a motor 75 which may be mounted on the cradle chassis 74 and configured to drive the arm 8 upward or downward by several transmission mechanisms.

[0169]

[0222] During the printing process, curing light from the light engine 4 passes sequentially through the window / opening / cradle chassis 74, the substrate frame 73, the transparent substrate 72, and the holding frame 71, ultimately forming a pattern on the bottom of the container assembly 1.

[0170]

[0223] The arm 8 includes several pistons 81, and when the arm 8 is driven downward, the pistons 81 apply pressure to the piston 15 of the container assembly 1, transferring the printing material from the waiting chamber 12 to the printing chamber 13 (i.e., selectively and continuously).

[0171]

[0224] Figure 44 shows a top view of the 3D printer, Figure 45 shows a cross-sectional view along axis AA of Figure 44, and Figure 46 shows a magnified view of area B shown in Figure 45. As shown in Figures 37 and 38, housings such as housing 3701 can be adapted to house the system's controller, motor, and optical emission module.

[0172]

[0225] As shown in Figures 45 and 46, the 3D printer further includes a transparent surface heater 101, which is attached to and firmly connected to a transparent substrate 72.

[0173]

[0226] When an electric current is applied to the heater 101, the heater 101 is heated by resistance. The heat generated by the heater 101 is then transferred to the transparent substrate 72, which acts as a medium to uniformly disperse the heat on its surface, and subsequently transfers the heat to the high-viscosity resin.

[0174]

[0227] Preferably, the heater 101 may be selected as a conductive material, particularly an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating. Figure 47 shows a top view of the work surface of a 3D printer in an exemplary embodiment, showing the arrangement of the ITO coating 101(a), and Figure 48 shows another arrangement.

[0175]

[0228] Since the ITO coating 101(a) allows curing light to pass through, it can be mounted directly beneath the transparent substrate 72 without concern for the heater obstructing the light path. In the arrangement shown in Figure 47, the ITO coating 101(a) covers at least the entire area of ​​all container assemblies 1 so that the heated resin can be smoothly transferred from the waiting chamber 12 to the printing chamber 13. However, in some cases, the ITO coating 101(a) may cover only the area of ​​all printing chambers 13 and channels 14, as shown in Figure 48, which may be not only cost-effective but also efficient.

[0176]

[0229] Furthermore, compared to other heating methods, the ITO coating 101(a) provides more stable and uniform heat due to the resin contained in the container assembly. Preferably, the heater 101 may have a built-in temperature sensor or thermostat for adjusting the heat output, and these controls ensure that the heated substrate remains within a desired temperature range. In some exemplary embodiments, the heater temperature range is 40°C to 60°C, preferably 48°C to 52°C.

[0177]

[0230] Alternatively, in some exemplary embodiments, the ITO coating may be mounted above the transparent substrate 72, with its top surface in direct contact with the bottom of the container assembly 1, and this arrangement allows heat to be efficiently transferred by the hydraulic section.

[0178]

[0231] Figure 49 shows a cross-sectional view of this arrangement in the above embodiment. Figure 50 shows an isometric side view of the work surface of a 3D printer having the adapter 76 in an exemplary embodiment.

[0179]

[0232] As shown in Figure 50, the adapter 76 is connected to a retaining frame 71 configured to provide a stable position for the container assembly 1, ensuring that the container assembly 1 remains securely in place during the printing process. It should be noted that the adapter 76 may be a through-structure or may include a transparent bottom.

[0180]

[0233] Figure 51 shows an adapter 76 having several heaters 101(b). Furthermore, as shown in Figure 52, the heaters 101(b) may be mounted on the walls of the adapter 76, but there is no limit to the number of heaters 101(b) that can be used, nor is there a limit to whether the heaters 101(b) are transparent. The heaters 101(b) may include, but are not limited to, any flexible heater or any other type of surface contact heater. If the adapter 76 includes a transparent bottom, the heaters 101(b) may also be mounted on the bottom of the adapter 76. Similarly, the bottom heaters 101(b) should also be transparent and allow curing light to pass through. Alternatively, in some exemplary embodiments, the heaters 101(c) may be incorporated into the arm 8 or the hoop piston 81.

[0181]

[0234] Figure 52 shows schematic diagrams of different arrangements of the heater 101(c) in an exemplary embodiment. During the printing process, there is a predetermined period in which the hoop piston 81 contacts the piston 15 and applies pressure to it. This allows heat to be transferred from the arm 8 or the hoop piston 81 to the piston 15. In some cases, the arm 8 may be driven downward before the start of printing to bring the hoop piston 81 into contact with the piston 15, allowing the high-viscosity resin to be heated for a longer period. The heater 101(c) may include, but is not limited to, any flexible heater or any inset heater. Alternatively, in some exemplary embodiments, the heater 101(c) and its power connector may be incorporated into the container assembly 1.

[0182]

[0235] Figures 53 and 54 show cross-sectional and enlarged views of another arrangement of the heater 101(d) incorporated into the piston 15. In this exemplary embodiment, the heater 101(d) is located at the end near the high-viscosity resin 2 to transfer heat more efficiently. The piston 15 and the piston 81 of the arm 8 may further include a power connector that allows current to be transmitted from the piston 81 to the container assembly 1 via wired or wireless means. The above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only, and in practice, the power output connector 102(a) may be incorporated in several other locations, for example, on the wall of the adapter 76, on the top surface of the transparent substrate 72, or in any other suitable location. Similarly, the power input connector 102(b) is also not limited to being incorporated into the piston 15 of the container assembly 1. The heater 101(d) may include, but is not limited to, any insertable heater, flexible heater, or any other type of surface contact heater.

[0183]

[0236] Alternatively, in some exemplary embodiments, if the heater 101(e) is opaque (non-transparent), the heater 101(e) cannot be mounted below the printed area to avoid obstructing the light path. However, it may still be possible to mount the heater 101(e) above / below the transparent substrate 72 outside the printed area.

[0184]

[0237] Figure 55 shows a top view of the work surface of a 3D printer in an exemplary embodiment, illustrating the arrangement of the opaque heater 101(e). During the printing process, the heat generated by the heater 101(e) is transferred to the high-viscosity resin via the transparent substrate 72. Alternatively, in some examples, the heater 101 may be a non-contact heater mounted on the mounting base 7.

[0185]

[0238] Figure 56 shows a cross-sectional and enlarged view of the container assembly 1 and mounting base 7 in an exemplary embodiment, illustrating the arrangement of a non-contact heater. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 56, the non-contact heater may be a hot air blower targeting the container assembly 1. The hot air blower draws ambient air from the surrounding internal space through an intake port, uses a fan 111 to create an airflow, and propels the airflow 112 toward the transparent substrate 72 below the container assembly 1. The heat is then transferred to the high-viscosity resin located inside the container assembly 1. The non-contact heater includes, but is not limited to, any air blower, any infrared heater, or any indirect contact heater. The arrangement of the non-contact heater is not limited and may be positioned from the top, specifically targeting the container assembly 1 for hot air delivery.

[0186]

[0239] A heating device can be used to heat the pre-cured resin contained within the container assembly, thereby increasing its fluidity and improving the overall printing process. Improving the resin's fluidity leads to improved print resolution, increased printing speed, and a higher success rate of the printing process. Therefore, using a heating device within the container assembly can enable a more efficient and effective printing process.

[0187]

[0240] In embodiments such as those shown in Figures 42–46, or in any other embodiments where heat is conducted through a transparent substrate, the greatest challenge is cracking of the substrate (e.g., glass) during the heating process. The glass acts as a substrate piece beneath the container assembly and is used to conduct heat through the container assembly to the resin. Cracking of the glass is due to a variety of factors, including the type and thickness of the glass, the applied temperature gradient, and the stress resistance of the glass. Substrate glass is known to have low thermal conductivity, which means that the substrate glass does not distribute heat uniformly. When a localized area of ​​the glass is heated while the surrounding area remains cooler, thermal stress can accumulate within the glass. This stress can lead to cracking or even shattering of the glass.

[0188]

[0241] Several methods can be employed to address this challenge. The target temperature may be set to a specific threshold to reduce the risk of cracking. Flexible heaters and glass with similar coefficients of thermal expansion may be used, and mismatched coefficients may create additional stress points, increasing the likelihood of cracking. Furthermore, rapid and uneven temperature changes can be avoided by using gradual heating or a temperature control mechanism to reduce stress on the glass. Additionally, thicker glass may be used to increase resistance to cracking. Furthermore, an additional heating plate with high thermal conductivity may be installed to dissipate or transfer accumulated heat. In some exemplary embodiments, a 3D printer may use a heating plate with high thermal conductivity to dissipate or transfer heat to the container assembly.

[0189]

[0242] Accordingly, a system for printing a 3D object according to the present invention may include a controller; a container assembly adapted to hermetically store a printing material, comprising a housing that houses a first chamber adapted to store the printing material and a second chamber adapted to receive a platform; a channel within the housing that connects the side wall of the first chamber and the side wall of the second chamber so that the first chamber and the second chamber are in fluid communication; a structure that is movable within the first chamber and adapted to transfer a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to a printing area between the surface of a window and the platform in the second chamber; a motor coupled to the controller and configured to move the structure; and a light emission module communicating with the controller, configured to emit curing light through a window to cure at least a layer of the printing material to the platform or to a curing layer of the printing material on the platform in order to create a 3D object on the platform.

[0190]

[0243] In some exemplary embodiments, the arm may be coupled to a motor and adapted to press the structure of the container assembly. The housing for the controller, motor, and optical emission module may include a retaining frame, positioned on the outer surface of the housing and adapted to receive the container assembly. The housing may include one or more user interface devices, including but not limited to a touchscreen interface, positioned on the outside of the housing.

[0191]

[0244] In exemplary embodiments, the system may further include a heating module adapted to heat the printed material within the container assembly. The heating module may include a transparent surface heater positioned on a portion of the retaining frame. The heating module may include a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) coating. The heating module may include an adapter detachably coupled to the retaining frame, the adapter having a heating element positioned in the wall of the adapter. The heating module may include a heating element positioned on an arm and adapted to transfer heat to the container assembly.

[0192]

[0245] The system according to the present invention may be configured to introduce or inject additive manufacturing material to fabricate a 3D object. For example, introducing additive manufacturing material (i.e., 3D printing material) into a build chamber according to the present invention may facilitate a method for replenishing the additive manufacturing material, characterized by a process in which the material is introduced into the build chamber by the application of positive pressure. The build chamber may be hermetically sealed on at least three sides to ensure the controlled environment described above. A fourth side of the build chamber may be designed to be integrated with a material supply path to facilitate the seamless and efficient transfer of the manufacturing material into the build chamber.

[0193]

[0246] As described above with reference to various figures throughout this disclosure, the second chamber adapted to receive the platform is a build chamber adapted to receive the build material introduced into the build chamber via a supply path by the application of some pressure (e.g., positive pressure). Thus, many embodiments, modifications, or configurations are possible. In these various embodiments, the creation of a 3D object in the build chamber is achieved by the application of pressure, such as positive pressure, to facilitate the introduction of the build material into the build chamber, where the build material is exposed to curing light.

[0194]

[0247] Accordingly, the method for introducing additive manufacturing material to fabricate a 3D object according to the present invention may include the steps of: preparing a build chamber having multiple walls, including a common wall with a second chamber adapted to hold the build material, the multiple walls being sealed to ensure a controlled environment; and introducing the build material into the build chamber via a supply path by applying positive pressure to facilitate the fabrication of a 3D object within the build chamber.

[0195]

[0248] One of the many advantages of the present invention is that a controlled environment is created by a hydraulic device, for example, an airtightly sealed container assembly according to the present invention, and the molding or printing process can be carried out by the container assembly in any orientation, and the container assembly may be placed upside down, with its sides facing down, or at an angle, but the controlled environment inside allows the molding process to still be achieved. This facilitates the design of various additive manufacturing systems and devices (i.e., 3D printers, etc.) into which the device according to the present invention may be incorporated depending on the needs of the environment in which it is preferably used.

[0196]

[0249] Figures 58-59 show different possible positions or orientations of the hydraulic device according to the present invention to illustrate this advantage. The controlled environment in which the molding material or 3D printing material is contained within the container assembly eliminates the need to position the "tank" of the system according to the present invention in any particular orientation. Conventional additive manufacturing systems, especially those using resins, may require a horizontal orientation to avoid spills and allow layers to be printed accurately on the platform, but the present invention eliminates this limitation by employing a controlled environment within the container assembly.

[0197]

[0250] In some exemplary embodiments, for example, a system 5800 for fabricating a 3D object may include a holding frame 5802 adapted to hold a container assembly 5801 upside down, as shown in Figure 58. In some exemplary embodiments, a system 5900 for fabricating a 3D object may include a holding frame 5902 adapted to hold a container assembly 5901 at an angle or in a slanted position, as shown in Figure 59.

[0198]

[0251] As can be understood from this disclosure, other configurations for carrying out the present invention are possible. For example, without limiting the scope of the present invention, Figures 60–64 show a system in which a spring device and a motor may be used to facilitate the movement of a container assembly.

[0199]

[0252] In this embodiment, the system 6000 is shown having a spring 6001 on an arm 6002 coupled to a structure 6006 (such as a piston) of the container assembly 6003 according to the present invention. Another arm 6004 coupled to a motor or actuator module 6005 may be coupled to the platform of the container assembly. In such a system, the following methods may be implemented. In step (1), the arm 6002 may be positioned (automatically, mechanically, or manually) such that the spring 6001 can be in a "loaded" position; in step (2), the spring is loaded, but in particular, since the motor or actuator module 6005 is not actuated, the arm 6004 prevents movement of the structure 6006 (i.e., the hydraulic system in the container assembly 6003 is a controlled system and therefore does not move (and thus cannot transfer the build material in the storage chamber)); in step (3), the motor or actuator module 6005 may be deployed to facilitate sufficient movement of the arm 6004 along the z-axis, so that the loaded spring 6001 applies positive pressure and allows the build material to be transferred or introduced into the build chamber of the container assembly 6003. In particular, as with other embodiments described herein, the z-axis along the build platform is passive because it is positive pressure that is applied to introduce or transfer the build material into the build chamber that moves the platform.

[0200]

[0253] Figures 65 to 68 show another system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. In this system 6500, the build chamber may be coupled to a build material source (such as a pressurized vessel or a vessel having a controlled environment, including, for example, a squeezeable vessel, which is not limited to the scope of the present invention).

[0201]

[0254] Therefore, in the embodiments shown in these figures, a single cavity cartridge or container assembly 6501 may be used. In some embodiments of this configuration, the resin liquid may be compressed by a liquid drive system 6502, which may be a pump, an air compressor, etc. The resin container 6503 may include a tube 6504 coupled to the liquid drive system 6502, and the liquid resin may be introduced into the build chamber via an injector 6505. In some embodiments, as shown in the cross-sectional view of Figure 68, the container 6503 may be squeezeable, and the liquid drive system 6502 may simply squeeze the container 6503 to inject or otherwise introduce the build material into the single cavity or chamber of the container assembly 6501.

[0202]

[0255] Figure 69 shows a system according to several exemplary embodiments of the present invention. In this embodiment, system 6900 includes a storage chamber 6901 in which a structure such as a piston may be replaced by a non-piston-based precision hydraulic pump 6902 (e.g., an external / internal gear pump, rotary vane pump, jetota pump, screw pump, etc.). The precision hydraulic pump 6902 may be configured to control the pressure in the storage chamber 6903 to hydraulically drive the build platform within the build chamber.

[0203]

[0256] Figure 70 shows a system according to several exemplary embodiments of the present invention. In this embodiment, the system 7000 includes a storage chamber 7001 in which structures such as pistons may be eliminated, and the build platform 7002 acts as a hydraulic piston, movably sealing the build platform 7002 within the build chamber 7003 so as to lift the build platform in stages upward (e.g., by a motor M) and hydraulically draw the resin layer by layer from the left chamber to the right chamber. This variant may include a follower seal 7004 within the storage chamber that follows the top of the resin to prevent the resin from being exposed to air, without limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0204]

[0257] As can be understood, many embodiments, adaptations, or configurations are possible. In various embodiments, the fabrication of 3D objects within the build chamber is achieved by applying pressure, such as positive pressure, to facilitate the introduction of the build material into the build chamber, where the build material is exposed to curing light. The structures used are adapted to ensure a sealed and controlled environment, both of which not only protect the effectiveness of the build material before use but also facilitate the design of the additive manufacturing system.

[0205]

[0258] Hydraulic 3D printing systems and methods have been described. The above description of various exemplary embodiments of the present invention is presented for illustrative and disclosure purposes only. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the exact forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible from the viewpoint of the above teachings without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A container assembly for printing three-dimensional (3D) objects, A housing that contains a first chamber adapted for storing printing materials and a second chamber adapted for receiving a platform, A channel within the housing connects the side wall of the first chamber and the side wall of the second chamber so that the first chamber and the second chamber are in fluid communication, A structure is movable within the first chamber to receive curing light to cure the layer of printing material on the platform or on the curing layer of the printing material on the platform in order to create the 3D object on the platform, and is adapted to transfer a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to the printing area between the window surface and the platform in the second chamber, A container assembly, including the container assembly.

2. The container assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second chamber is adapted to restrict or prevent rotation of the platform.

3. The container assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second chamber is a non-cylindrical chamber.

4. The container assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second chamber includes a circular cross-section extending for a first length along the axis of the second chamber and a non-circular cross-section extending for a second length along the axis of the second chamber.

5. The container assembly according to claim 4, wherein the platform includes a cylindrical portion adapted to align with the circular cross-section extending for a first length along the axis of the second chamber.

6. The container assembly according to claim 4, wherein the platform includes a seal adapted to hermetically seal the circular cross-section extending for a first length along the axis of the second chamber.

7. The container assembly according to claim 4, wherein the second chamber includes one or more structures along one or more side walls adapted to relieve negative pressure during movement of the platform.

8. The container assembly according to claim 7, wherein the one or more structures include a negative pressure cavity or vent along the one or more side walls of the second chamber.

9. The container assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a handle portion coupled to the platform for removing the platform from the second chamber in order to facilitate the removal of the 3D object formed on the platform.

10. The container assembly according to claim 1, wherein the housing is adapted to receive heat from a heat source outside the container assembly.

11. A system for printing three-dimensional objects, Controller and A container assembly adapted for the hermetically sealed storage of printing materials, A housing that contains a first chamber adapted for storing printing materials and a second chamber adapted for receiving a platform, A channel within the housing connects the side wall of the first chamber and the side wall of the second chamber so that the first chamber and the second chamber are in fluid communication, A structure that is movable within the first chamber and is adapted to transfer a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to a printing area between the window surface and the platform in the second chamber, A container assembly including, A motor coupled to the controller and configured to move the structure, A light emission module that communicates with the controller, configured to emit curing light through the window to cure at least the layer of the printing material to the platform or to the curing layer of the printing material on the platform in order to create the 3D object on the platform, A system that includes this.

12. The system according to claim 11, further comprising an arm coupled to the motor and adapted to press the structure of the container assembly.

13. The system according to claim 12, further comprising a housing for the controller, the motor, and the optical emission module, wherein the outer surface of the housing includes a retaining frame adapted to receive the container assembly.

14. The system according to claim 13, further comprising a touchscreen interface located on the outside of the housing.

15. The system according to claim 13, further comprising a heating module adapted for heating the printing material within the container assembly.

16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the heating module includes a transparent surface heater positioned on a portion of the retaining frame.

17. The system according to claim 15, wherein the heating module includes a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) coating.

18. The system according to claim 15, wherein the heating module includes an adapter detachably coupled to the retaining frame, the adapter having a heating element positioned in the wall of the adapter.

19. The system according to claim 15, wherein the heating module includes a heating element disposed on the arm.

20. A container assembly for printing three-dimensional (3D) objects, A single-use housing comprising a first chamber adapted for hermetically storing printing material and a second chamber adapted for receiving a platform, wherein the second chamber is adapted to restrict or prevent the rotation of the platform, A channel within the single-use housing connects the side wall of the first chamber and the side wall of the second chamber so that the first chamber and the second chamber are in fluid communication, A structure is movable within the first chamber to receive curing light to cure the layer of printing material on the platform or on the curing layer of the printing material on the platform in order to create the 3D object on the platform, and is adapted to transfer a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to the printing area between the window surface and the platform in the second chamber, A container assembly, including the container assembly.

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