Slope greening methods

Abstract

This invention provides a slope greening method that utilizes spent mushroom substrate to green slopes and improves the workability of spraying vegetation substrates onto slopes. [Solution] This slope greening method is for greening a slope 1 with plants and comprises a granular material manufacturing step of producing spent mushroom substrate granules 13 by granulating spent mushroom substrate; a vegetation base material manufacturing step of producing a vegetation base material 10 by mixing spent mushroom substrate granules 13 and a biodegradable adhesive 15 with a base material 11 which contains spent mushroom substrate in organic material; and a vegetation base material spraying step of spraying the vegetation base material 10 onto the slope 1.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a slope greening method for greening a slope with plants. [Background Art]

[0002] As a method for greening slopes, for example, use of exotic species or foreign-produced herbs has been widely practiced, and construction methods using native species have also been developed in order not to disrupt the ecosystem. For example, there is a so-called natural invasion promotion construction method in which seeds of naturally growing wild plants are naturally dispersed to allow the seeds to establish on the slope.

[0003] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned natural invasion promotion construction method, a vegetation base material is sprayed onto the slope by a well-known spraying device capable of pressure-feeding a mixture with compressed air or the like, in order to make it easier for plant seeds to establish on the slope.

[0004] By the way, spent mushroom mushroom beds, which are mushroom beds after mushrooms are harvested, are normally treated as industrial waste. There is a technology for reusing this spent mushroom bed for coastal vegetation, though not for slopes.

[0005] For example, the following Patent Document 1 describes a coastal vegetation restoration method, in which a vegetation base material formed by mixing spent mushroom bed and organic material is covered with a biodegradable nonwoven fabric to form a package, and the package is buried in the sandy beach of the coast to be preserved; thereby, supplying moisture and nutrients to plants for about 3 to 5 years, which is the period for the vegetation base material contained in the package to naturally decompose, enabling greening on the sandy beach. [Prior Art Documents] [Patent Documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 5542232 [Summary of the Invention] [Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

[0007] One possible method for greening slopes is to use spent mushroom substrate. However, because the vegetation substrate mixed with spent mushroom substrate has a relatively high viscosity, it can be difficult to pump through the pipeline of the spraying device, posing a challenge to the ease of application to the slope.

[0008] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a slope greening method that can green slopes using spent mushroom substrate and improve the workability of spraying vegetation substrates onto slopes. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] To achieve the above objective, the present invention A method for greening slopes with plants, A granular material manufacturing process that produces spent mushroom substrate granules by turning spent mushroom substrate into granules, A vegetation substrate manufacturing process involves mixing granular spent mushroom substrate and a biodegradable adhesive with a base material containing spent mushroom substrate in organic materials, and producing a vegetation substrate. The present invention is characterized by comprising a vegetation substrate spraying step of spraying the vegetation substrate onto the slope.

[0010] According to the above invention, the spent mushroom substrate granules produced in the granular material manufacturing process are mixed with a biodegradable adhesive and then mixed with a base material containing spent mushroom substrate in an organic material to produce a vegetation base material, and this vegetation base material is sprayed onto the slope to coat it with vegetation.

[0011] Furthermore, when plant seeds that have taken root in the vegetation substrate sprayed onto the slope grow, the spent mushroom substrate contained in the substrate material, and the spent mushroom substrate forming granular spent mushroom substrate, that is, not only the spent mushroom substrate in the substrate material but also the spent mushroom substrate in granular form, can effectively enhance the function of the organic material in retaining nutrients and also effectively enhance the function of the organic material in retaining moisture. As a result, the growth rate of plants in the vegetation substrate can be improved, and the slope can be efficiently greened with plants.

[0012] Furthermore, the viscosity of the vegetation substrate can be kept low by mixing it with spent mushroom substrate granules. In other words, since the substrate material contains spent mushroom substrate, its viscosity is relatively high, which can make it difficult to pump using a pumping pipe or the like. However, in the present invention, by mixing the granular, solid spent mushroom substrate granules with the substrate material, the aggregation of spent mushroom substrate in the substrate material can be suppressed, thereby keeping the viscosity of the substrate material low, and consequently, the viscosity of the vegetation substrate can be kept low enough to be pumped using a pumping pipe or the like.

[0013] As a result, it becomes easier to spray the vegetation substrate onto the slope, allowing for more efficient application of the vegetation substrate to the slope.

[0014] As described above, the slope greening method of the present invention enables efficient greening of slopes with plants through the synergistic effect of the nutrient retention and moisture retention functions of spent mushroom substrate contained in the base material, and the nutrient retention and moisture retention functions of spent mushroom substrate that form granular spent substrate. At the same time, the viscosity of the base material can be kept low by the granular spent substrate, and the viscosity of the vegetation substrate can be kept low enough to be pumped by a pressure pipe or the like, thereby improving the workability of spraying the vegetation substrate onto the slope.

[0015] In the slope greening method according to the present invention, the vegetation base material may further contain biodegradable fibers.

[0016] According to the above aspect, the vegetation base material is further mixed with biodegradable fibers. Therefore, while using biodegradable fibers as a recycled material, it is possible to increase the binding force of the vegetation base material, making it less likely to be washed away by rainwater or the like after being sprayed onto the slope, and after the vegetation base material has become established on the slope, the fibers are biodegraded over time, so the influence on the vegetation base material can be suppressed.

[0017] In the slope greening method according to the present invention, the biodegradable fibers may be rush.

[0018] According to the above aspect, since the biodegradable fibers are rush, it is possible to facilitate the establishment of native species on the vegetation base material by utilizing the binding force and water retention property of rush which is a plant of the gramineae family. Furthermore, since rush is mainly used for tatami mats and the like, it becomes easy to utilize tatami mats made of rush as recycled materials.

[0019] In the slope greening method according to the present invention, the waste mushroom bed granules are further mixed with an organic material, at least one selected from the group consisting of bark compost, compost, peat moss, coco peat, peat, grass peat, charcoal, and artificial humic substances may be mixed as the organic material in the base material and the organic material in the waste mushroom bed granules.

[0020] According to the above aspect, at least one selected from the group consisting of bark compost, compost, peat moss, coco peat, peat, grass peat, charcoal, and artificial humic substances is mixed as the organic material in the base material and the waste mushroom bed granules. Therefore, after the vegetation base material has become established on the slope, it will be naturally decomposed over time, so the influence on the vegetation base material can be suppressed.

[0021] In the slope greening method according to the present invention, the method comprises a lath net installation step of installing a lath net on the slope, the lath net installation step may be performed before the vegetation base material spraying step.

[0022] According to the above aspect, the lath net can facilitate the fixation of the vegetation base material sprayed onto the slope to the slope. [Effects of the Invention]

[0023] According to the present invention, due to the synergistic effect of the nutrient retention function and water retention function of the spent mushroom substrate contained in the base material, and the nutrient retention function and water retention function of the spent mushroom substrate forming the spent mushroom substrate granules, it is possible to green the slope with plants, while the viscosity of the base material can be kept low by the spent mushroom substrate granules, so that the viscosity of the vegetation base material can be kept low enough to be pumped through a pressure feed pipe or the like, therefore, the workability of spraying the vegetation base material onto the slope can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] [Figure 1] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS shows an embodiment of the slope greening method according to the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram thereof. [Figure 2] It is a flowchart of the steps of the slope greening method. [Figure 3] It is an explanatory diagram showing the vegetation base material spraying step in the slope greening method. [Figure 4] It is an enlarged explanatory diagram showing the state of the vegetation base material in the pressure feed pipe in the slope greening method. MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0025] (One embodiment of slope greening method) Hereinafter, an embodiment of the slope greening method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0026] This slope greening method is for greening a slope 1 as shown in Fig. 1 with plants. Also, Fig. 2 shows a flowchart of the steps of the slope greening method.

[0027] This slope greening method comprises a granular material manufacturing step S1 in which spent mushroom substrate is granulated to produce spent mushroom substrate granules 13; a vegetation base material manufacturing step S3 in which spent mushroom substrate granules 13 and a biodegradable adhesive 15 (hereinafter also simply referred to as "adhesive 15") are mixed into a base material 11 which contains spent mushroom substrate in organic material to produce a vegetation base material 10; and a vegetation base material spraying step S4 in which the vegetation base material 10 is sprayed onto the slope 1.

[0028] "Spent mushroom substrate" refers to the substrate left over after mushrooms such as nameko or buna-shimeji have been harvested. "Substrate" refers to an artificial culture medium made by mixing a base material such as sawdust or corn cob with nutrients such as rice bran.

[0029] Furthermore, the slope greening method in this embodiment includes a wire mesh installation step S2 in which a wire mesh 5 is installed on the slope 1, as shown in Figure 2. This wire mesh installation step S2 is performed before the vegetation substrate spraying step S4. However, this wire mesh installation step S2 is not necessarily required, and the vegetation substrate manufacturing step S3 may be performed after the granular material manufacturing step S1 without the wire mesh installation step S2.

[0030] Furthermore, the spent mushroom substrate granules 13 in this embodiment are mixed with organic materials. In addition, the organic materials in the base material 11 and the organic materials in the spent mushroom substrate granules 13 are mixed with at least one selected from bark compost, compost compost, peat moss, coco peat, peat, grass, charcoal, and artificial humic substances.

[0031] Furthermore, "granular material" includes pelletized and granular materials. In other words, "spent mushroom substrate granular material" in this invention includes spent mushroom substrate pellets, which are made by forming spent mushroom substrate into pellets, and spent mushroom substrate granules, which are made by forming spent mushroom substrate into granules.

[0032] Furthermore, the vegetation substrate 10 may contain organic materials different from those in the base material 11 and the spent mushroom substrate granules 13 (for example, sludge compost).

[0033] Furthermore, as the biodegradable adhesive 15, for example, biodegradable polyester resin, biodegradable polymer, cationic polymer, cellulose-based material, starch-based material, aliphatic polyester, and even natural materials can be used.

[0034] Furthermore, the vegetation substrate 10 in this embodiment is mixed with biodegradable fibers 17 (hereinafter also simply referred to as "fibers 17"). In this embodiment, the biodegradable fibers 17 are rushes, which are a type of grass.

[0035] The fibers 17 mentioned above are used after being sheared to a predetermined length (for example, about 30-50 mm). As biodegradable fibers 17, examples include sedges (including rushes), grasses (including straw), palms, and natural fibers (cotton, wool, linen, bamboo, kenaf, bagasse, eucalyptus, cellulose, hemp, jute, etc.).

[0036] Also, 1m of each material 3 The proportions per unit are preferably such that the base material 11 is 1500 to 2500 L, the spent mushroom substrate granules 13 is 1 to 50 kg, the adhesive 15 is 4 to 10 kg, the fibers 17 are 1 to 10 kg, and the organic materials such as sludge compost are 1 to 4 kg.

[0037] Next, we will describe the slope greening method in detail, referring to Figure 2 as well.

[0038] First, spent mushroom substrate granules 13 are produced (granule production process S1). In this embodiment, spent mushroom substrate pellets are produced. Specifically, the spent mushroom substrate is passed through a sieve with a predetermined mesh size (for example, about 3-5 mm) to select spent mushroom substrate of the predetermined size. Excessively large spent mushroom substrate is crushed to a size suitable for sieving, and then sieved again for selection.

[0039] Subsequently, at least spent mushroom substrate and coal are added to the input hopper of the granular material manufacturing machine (in this case, a pellet granulator) (organic materials are added together if necessary), and these are mixed in the granular material manufacturing machine to form a mixture. This mixture is then extruded from a die of a predetermined shape in the granular material manufacturing machine to produce spent mushroom substrate granules 13 of a predetermined shape. It is preferable to allow the produced spent mushroom substrate granules 13 to air dry for a predetermined time (for example, about 2 to 3 days).

[0040] Furthermore, the shape of the granular spent mushroom substrate material 13 can be, for example, approximately cylindrical, approximately spherical, approximately cubic, approximately rectangular, approximately polygonal prism, or approximately polygonal pyramidal, but is not particularly limited. In this embodiment, the spent mushroom substrate material 13 is approximately cylindrical pellets, with an outer diameter of 4-5 mm and a length of 5-20 mm.

[0041] Furthermore, in the granular material manufacturing process S1, the ratio of spent mushroom substrate to gypsum in the mixed material is set to 0.5-0.7:0.3-0.5 when the entire mixed material is considered as "1" (for example, if the amount of spent mushroom substrate is 0.5, the amount of gypsum will also be 0.5, and if the amount of spent mushroom substrate is 0.7, the amount of gypsum will be 0.3). It is preferable that the ratio of spent mushroom substrate to gypsum be 0.5:0.5.

[0042] Next, a wire mesh 5 is installed on the slope 1 (wire mesh installation step S2). Then, in the vegetation substrate mixing step S2, base material 11, spent mushroom substrate granules 13, and adhesive 15 are put into a stirring tank of a well-known spraying device (not shown) (in this embodiment, organic materials such as fibers 17 and sludge compost are also added), and the mixture is stirred and mixed as appropriate to produce a vegetation substrate 10 (vegetation substrate manufacturing step S3).

[0043] Next, worker H sprays the vegetation base material 10 onto the slope 1 (vegetation base material spraying process S4). That is, as shown in Figure 3, worker H directs the nozzle 22 located at the tip of the pressure pipe 20 toward the slope 1 and the wire mesh 5, and sprays the vegetation base material 10 onto the slope 1 and the wire mesh 5 using compressed air.

[0044] To explain in more detail, assume that there is a tree 4 on the top surface 3 adjacent to the top of the sloping slope 5, and that multiple anchors 6 and 7 are driven into the top surface 3. Furthermore, the safety wire 8 placed around the waist of worker H has one end secured to anchor 6, and the middle part is wrapped around tree 4. In addition, the safety wire 9 placed on the back side of worker H has one end secured to anchor 7.

[0045] Then, worker H descends the slope 5 from above using the safety wire 8 and moves in the width direction of the slope 5 (depth and front direction in the paper 3) while spraying the vegetation base material 10 onto the slope 1 and the wire mesh 5. After the spraying process is completed, worker H will ascend the slope 5 using the safety wire 9.

[0046] In this process, the vegetation substrate 10 flows through a pressure pipe 20 of a spraying device (not shown), as shown in Figure 4 (this will be described in detail later). The sprayed vegetation substrate 10 is left on the slope 1 via the wire mesh 5.

[0047] Furthermore, the height H of the vegetation base material 10 sprayed onto the slope 1 is preferably 20 to 100 mm, and more preferably 30 to 80 mm.

[0048] After the vegetation substrate spraying process S4 described above, a predetermined period of time elapses, and the slope 1 is greened by the vegetation substrate 10 sprayed onto the slope 1. In other words, seeds of native plants and other naturally growing plants are naturally dispersed, and these seeds take root in the vegetation substrate 10 sprayed onto the slope 1, thereby greening the slope 1 through a method known as natural invasion promotion.

[0049] (Effects and Benefits) Next, we will explain the effects and benefits of the slope greening method.

[0050] As described above, in this slope greening method, the spent mushroom substrate granules 13 produced in the granular material production process S1 are mixed with a biodegradable adhesive 15 and added to a base material 11 which contains spent mushroom substrate in organic material to produce a vegetation base material 10 (vegetation base material production process S3), and this vegetation base material 10 is sprayed onto the slope (vegetation base material spraying process S4), thereby spraying the vegetation base material 10 onto the slope 1.

[0051] Furthermore, when plant seeds that have taken root in the vegetation substrate 10 sprayed onto the slope 1 grow, the spent mushroom substrate contained in the base material 11, and the spent mushroom substrate forming the spent mushroom substrate granules 13, that is, not only the spent mushroom substrate in the base material 11 but also the spent mushroom substrate in the spent mushroom substrate granules 13, can effectively enhance the function of retaining nutrients in the organic material and also effectively enhance the function of retaining moisture in the organic material. As a result, the growth rate of plants on the vegetation substrate 10 sprayed onto the slope 1 can be improved, and the slope 1 can be efficiently greened with plants.

[0052] Furthermore, the granular spent mushroom substrate material 13 mixed into the vegetation substrate 10 helps to keep the viscosity of the vegetation substrate 10 low.

[0053] To elaborate on this, as shown in Figure 4, when spraying the vegetation substrate 10 onto the slope 1, the vegetation substrate 10 flows through the pumping pipe 20. That is, the pumping pipe 20 contains a mixture of the base material 11, spent mushroom substrate granules 13, adhesive 15, and fibers 17 that make up the vegetation substrate 10.

[0054] In this case, since the base material 11 contains spent mushroom substrate, its viscosity is relatively high, and it may be difficult to pump it through the pumping pipe 20. Even in such cases, in the present invention, the granular, solid spent mushroom substrate granules 13 are mixed with the base material 11, which suppresses the aggregation of spent mushroom substrate in the base material 11. In other words, the base material 11 is made less likely to clump together, so the viscosity of the base material 11 can be kept low, and consequently, the viscosity of the vegetation substrate 10 can be kept low enough to be pumped through the pumping pipe 20.

[0055] As a result, it becomes easier to spray the vegetation substrate 10 onto the slope 1, thus enabling efficient spraying of the vegetation substrate 10 onto the slope 1.

[0056] As described above, in this slope greening method, the synergistic effect of the nutrient retention and moisture retention functions of the spent mushroom substrate contained in the base material 11, and the nutrient retention and moisture retention functions of the spent mushroom substrate that forms the spent substrate granules 13, makes it possible to efficiently green the slope 1 with plants. At the same time, the viscosity of the base material 11 can be kept low by the spent substrate granules 13, and the viscosity of the vegetation base material 10 can be kept low enough to be pumped by a pressure pipe 20, etc., thereby improving the workability of spraying the vegetation base material onto the slope 1.

[0057] Furthermore, the biodegradable adhesive 15 mixed into the vegetation substrate 10 makes it easier to adhere the vegetation substrate 10 to the slope 1 when spraying the vegetation substrate 10 onto the slope 1. Additionally, since the vegetation substrate 10 biodegrades over time after it has settled on the slope 1, it is possible to keep the surface hardness of the vegetation substrate 10 sprayed onto the slope 1 low. This makes it easier for native species, etc., to adhere to the vegetation substrate 10 when they are blown in or otherwise attached to it. In other words, it can promote the natural invasion of native species, etc.

[0058] Furthermore, in this embodiment, biodegradable fibers 17 are mixed into the vegetation substrate 10.

[0059] According to the above embodiment, since biodegradable fibers 17 are further mixed into the vegetation substrate 10, the binding strength of the vegetation substrate 10 can be increased while using the biodegradable fibers 17 as a recycled material, making it less likely to be washed away by rainwater after being sprayed onto the slope 1. After the vegetation substrate 10 is fixed to the slope 1, the fibers 17 will biodegrade over time.

[0060] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the biodegradable fiber 17 is made of rush. According to the above embodiment, since the biodegradable fiber 17 is made of rush, it is possible to easily establish native species on the vegetation base material 10 by utilizing the binding strength and water-retaining properties of rush, which is a member of the grass family. In addition, since rush is mainly used for tatami mats, it is easier to utilize tatami mats made of rush as recycled material.

[0061] Furthermore, in this embodiment, organic materials are further mixed into the spent mushroom substrate granules 13, and the organic materials in the base material 11 and the organic materials in the spent mushroom substrate granules 13 are mixed with at least one selected from bark compost, compost compost, peat moss, coco peat, peat, grass, charcoal, and artificial humic substances.

[0062] According to the above embodiment, the organic materials in the base material 11 and the spent mushroom substrate granules 13 are mixed with at least one selected from bark compost, compost compost, peat moss, coco peat, peat, grass, charcoal, and artificial humic substances. As a result, after the vegetation substrate 10 is established on the slope 1, it will decompose naturally over time, thereby suppressing any impact on the vegetation substrate 10.

[0063] Furthermore, this embodiment includes a mesh net installation step S2 in which a mesh net 5 is installed on the slope 1, and this mesh net installation step S2 is performed before the vegetation substrate spraying step S4. According to the above embodiment, the mesh net 5 makes it easier to fix the vegetation substrate 10 sprayed on the slope 1 to the slope 1.

[0064] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the granular material manufacturing process S1 is carried out by manufacturing a mixture of spent mushroom substrate and gypsum using a granular material manufacturing machine. In particular, the granular material manufacturing process S1 in this embodiment is a pellet manufacturing process that produces spent mushroom substrate pellets by turning the spent mushroom substrate into pellets, and this pellet manufacturing process is carried out by granulating a mixture of spent mushroom substrate and gypsum using a pellet granulator.

[0065] According to the above embodiment, the spent mushroom substrate granules 13 (in this case, spent mushroom substrate pellets) can be reliably produced by the granular material manufacturing process S1 described above. [Examples]

[0066] We sprayed the vegetation substrate onto the slope and confirmed its effectiveness.

[0067] The vegetation substrate consists of 2000 kg (1 m) of base material. 3 (per unit), 1 kg (1 m 3 (per unit), 4 kg (1 m 3 (per unit), 7 kg (1 m 3 (per unit) 1 kg (1 m³) of sludge compost, which is an organic material. 3 The material was manufactured by adding it to the mixing tank of a well-known spraying device and mixing it. Then, with a wire mesh installed on the slope, the vegetation substrate was sprayed onto the slope 1.

[0068] Furthermore, the height (thickness) of the vegetation substrate was set to 50 mm. In addition, the area of ​​the vegetation substrate sprayed onto the slope was 10 m². 2 The solution was then sprayed in three locations on the slope. As a result, plant growth was observed on the three slopes approximately six months later.

[0069] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modified embodiments are possible within the scope of the gist of the present invention, and such embodiments are also included in the scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0070] 1. Slope 5. Mesh net 10 Vegetation substrate 11. Substrate 13 Waste bacteria bed granules 15. Biodegradable adhesives 17. Biodegradable fibers 20 Pressure pipe 22 nozzles

Claims

1. A method for greening slopes with plants, A granular material manufacturing process that produces spent mushroom substrate granules by turning spent mushroom substrate into granules, A vegetation substrate manufacturing process involves mixing granular spent mushroom substrate and a biodegradable adhesive with a base material containing spent mushroom substrate in organic materials, and producing a vegetation substrate. A method for greening a slope, characterized by comprising a step of spraying the aforementioned vegetation substrate onto the slope.

2. The slope greening method according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation substrate is further mixed with biodegradable fibers.

3. The slope greening method according to claim 2, wherein the biodegradable fiber is rush.

4. The aforementioned spent mushroom substrate granules are further mixed with organic materials. The slope greening method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the organic material in the base material and the organic material in the spent mushroom substrate granules are a mixture of at least one selected from bark compost, compost compost, peat moss, coco peat, peat, grass, charcoal, and artificial humic substances.

5. A method for greening a slope according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a step of installing a wire mesh on the slope, wherein the wire mesh installation step is performed before the vegetation substrate spraying step.

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