Active energy ray curable composition for imprinting, cured product, laminate, and method for producing the same.

Abstract

To provide an active energy ray-curable composition for imprinting that is excellent in adhesion to PET and hardness after curing. Solution: An active energy ray-curable composition for imprinting comprising components (A) to (D), the content of the component (A) is 10.0 to 15.0 mass% based on the total mass of the components (A), (B) and (C), the content of the component (B) is 67.5 to 85.0 mass% based on the total mass of the components (A), (B) and (C), the content of the component (C) is 1.0 to 17.5 mass% based on the total mass of the components (A), (B) and (C), the content of the component (D) is less than 3.0 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the total of the components (A), (B) and (C), which is the active energy ray-curable composition for imprinting. (A) (meth)acrylic (meth)acrylate (B) a compound having one unsaturated ethylene group (C) a compound having two or more unsaturated ethylene groups (D) a silane coupling agent having an unsaturated ethylene group

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an active energy ray-curable composition for imprinting, a cured product, a laminate, and a method for producing the same. Background Art

[0002] Active energy ray-curable coating agents that cure upon exposure to active energy rays such as ultraviolet light are known to be useful in hard coating for plastic products.

[0003] In recent years, active energy ray-curable coating agents have also been applied to surface patterning using imprint methods. This is a processing method for forming patterning on a resin surface, in which a mold having a fine pattern is pressed against a composition applied to a substrate, and the composition is cured by irradiation with ultraviolet light or the like in this pressed state. The imprint method using an active energy ray-curable composition has attracted attention as a processing method that does not require heating and cooling processes, and can easily produce nanometer-sized fine patterns at low cost (see Patent Document 1). Prior Art Documents Patent Documents

[0004] Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 2012 / 096071 Summary of the Invention Problem to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] However, when a radical polymerization initiator is generally used, although the composition cures within several seconds, volume shrinkage of up to approximately 15% occurs during this curing process, which may cause problems attributed to the shrinkage. For example, shrinkage during curing may result in a pattern shape smaller than that of the original mold, or may impair adhesion to the substrate.

[0006] Furthermore, it exhibits poor adhesion to polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter also referred to as "PET"). While adhesion can be improved by treating the surface with corona discharge or primer, these treatments require cost, energy, and time, thus impairing productivity.

[0007] Furthermore, if the resin does not have a certain degree of hardness after curing, the surface of the cured product may be easily scratched, potentially resulting in a poor appearance.

[0008] The present invention aims to provide an active energy ray curable composition for imprinting that exhibits excellent adhesion and hardness to PET after curing. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] As a result of diligent research, the inventors discovered that a predetermined active energy ray-curable composition exhibits excellent adhesion and hardness to PET, thus completing the present invention.

[0010] The present invention includes the following embodiments. [1] An imprint-compatible active energy ray curable composition comprising components (A) to (D), The content of component (A) is 10.0 to 15.0% by mass relative to the total mass of components (A), (B), and (C). The content of component (B) is 67.5 to 85.0% by mass relative to the total mass of components (A), (B), and (C). The content of component (C) is 1.0 to 17.5% by mass relative to the total mass of components (A), (B), and (C). The content of component (D) is less than 3.0 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total of components (A), (B), and (C). Active energy ray curable composition for imprinting. (A)(meth)acrylic(meth)acrylate (B) Compounds having one unsaturated ethylene group (C) Compounds having two or more unsaturated ethylene groups (D) Silane coupling agent having an unsaturated ethylene group [2] The imprint-curable active energy ray-curable composition according to [1], wherein the unsaturated ethylene group is a (meth)acryloyl group. [3] Contains a photoinitiator, The active energy ray curable composition for imprinting according to [1] or [2], wherein the amount of the photoinitiator is 1.0 to 20.0 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total of components (A), (B), and (C). [4] The imprint-curable active energy ray-curable composition according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the substrate to which the imprint-curable active energy ray-curable composition is used is a film containing polyethylene terephthalate. [5] A cured product obtained by curing an imprint-compatible active energy ray-curable composition described in any of [1] to [4]. [6] A laminate containing the cured material described in [5]. [7] A step of applying an imprint-compatible active energy ray-curable composition described in any of [1] to [4] to an adherend, A process of irradiating a coated substrate with active energy rays. A method for manufacturing a laminate, including the following: [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an active energy ray curable composition for imprinting that exhibits excellent adhesion and hardness to PET after curing. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0012] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited to these, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. In the present specification, the term "(meth)acryl" means acryl and / or methacryl, and "(meth)acrylate" means acrylate and / or methacrylate. In addition, "(meth)acryloyl group" means an acryloyl group and / or a methacryloyl group. In the numerical ranges described stepwise in the present specification, the upper limit or lower limit described in one numerical range may be replaced with the upper limit or lower limit of another stepwise described numerical range, and the upper limit or lower limit of the numerical range may be replaced with the values shown in the examples.

[0013] The active energy ray-curable composition for imprinting of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "the composition of the present invention") comprises components (A) to (D). (A) (meth)acrylic (meth)acrylate (B) a compound having one unsaturated ethylene group (C) a compound having two or more unsaturated ethylene groups (D) a silane coupling agent having one or more unsaturated ethylene groups

[0014] The content of component (A) in the composition of the present invention is 10.0 to 15.0% by mass relative to the total mass of components (A), (B) and (C). The content of component (B) in the composition of the present invention is 67.5 to 85.0% by mass relative to the total mass of components (A), (B) and (C). The content of component (C) in the composition of the present invention is 1.0 to 17.5% by mass relative to the total mass of components (A), (B) and (C). The content of component (D) in the composition of the present invention is less than 3.0 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the total of components (A), (B) and (C).

[0015] The active energy ray-curable composition for imprinting of the present invention refers to a composition that is applied to a substrate surface for forming a fine pattern, and cures when active energy is applied to the composition from the outside.

[0016] <Component (A)> Component (A) is (meth)acrylic (meth)acrylate. Examples of component (A) include acrylic acrylate, methacrylic acrylate, acrylic methacrylate, methacrylic methacrylate, etc., and among these, acrylic acrylate is preferred. Component (A) can be used by combining one or more compounds as appropriate.

[0017] The content of component (A) is 10.0 to 15.0% by mass relative to the total mass of components (A), (B), and (C). A content of 10.0% by mass or more of component (A) results in excellent adhesion to PET. A content of 15.0% by mass or less of component (A) results in excellent hardness of the cured product.

[0018] <(B) component> Component (B) is a compound having one unsaturated ethylene group. Component (B) can also be used as a diluent for component (A).

[0019] Examples of unsaturated ethylene groups in the present invention include (meth)acryloyl groups, (meth)acrylamide groups, vinyl groups, and (meth)allyl groups, among which (meth)acryloyl groups are preferred due to their good reactivity.

[0020] (B) Examples of components include (meth)acrylic acid, Michael addition dimers of acrylic acid, ω-carboxy-polycaprolactone mono(meth)acrylate, monohydroxyethyl phthalate (meth)acrylate, methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, ethyl carbitol (meth)acrylate, butyl carbitol (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl carbitol (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, phenyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylate of alkylene oxide adducts of phenols, (meth)acrylate of alkylene oxide adducts of alkylphenols, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-H Examples include droxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, isovonyl acrylate, (meth)acrylate of the alkylene oxide adduct of paracumylphenol, orthophenylphenol (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylate of the alkylene oxide adduct of orthophenylphenol, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, tricyclodecane methylol (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth)acrylate, glycerin mono(meth)acrylate, mono(meth)acrylate of the alkylene oxide adduct of isocyanurate, N-(2-(meth)acryloxyethyl)hexahydrophthalimide, N-(2-(meth)acryloxyethyl)tetrahydrophthalimide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, acryloylmorpholine, N-vinylpyrrolidone, and N-vinylcaprolactam. Examples of the alkylene oxide adducts mentioned above include ethylene oxide adducts, propylene oxide adducts, and ethylene oxide and propylene oxide adducts. Among these, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate and isobonyl acrylate are preferred. (B) Component can be used by combining one or more compounds as appropriate.

[0021] The content of component (B) is 67.5 to 85.0% by mass relative to the total mass of components (A), (B), and (C). A content of 67.5% by mass or more of component (B) results in excellent adhesion to PET. A content of 85.0% by mass or less of component (B) results in excellent hardness of the cured product. The content of component (B) is preferably 70.0 to 85.0% by mass.

[0022] <(C) component> Component (C) is a compound having two or more unsaturated ethylene groups.

[0023] Examples of component (C) include polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tetramethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polytetramethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, glycerin di(meth)acrylate, di(meth)acrylate of an alkylene oxide adduct of isocyanuric acid, di(meth)acrylate of an alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A, di(meth)acrylate of an alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol F, butanediol di(meth)acrylate, hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, and nonanediol di(meth)acrylate. Among these, polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate and hexanediol diacrylate are preferred. (C) Component can be used by combining one or more compounds as appropriate.

[0024] (C) Component may also include epoxy (meth)acrylate having a bisphenol skeleton, polyether skeleton, or polyalkylene skeleton, urethane (meth)acrylate having a polyester skeleton, polyether skeleton, or polycarbonate skeleton, and polyester (meth)acrylate, etc.

[0025] The content of component (C) is 1.0 to 17.5% by mass relative to the total mass of components (A), (B), and (C). A content of component (C) of 1.0% by mass or more results in excellent hardness of the cured product. A content of component (C) of 17.5% by mass or less results in excellent adhesion to PET. The content of component (C) is preferably 2.5 to 17.5% by mass.

[0026] <(D) component> Component (D) is a silane coupling agent having one or more unsaturated ethylene groups.

[0027] Examples of component (D) include 3-(meth)acryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-(meth)acryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and 3-(meth)acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane. Among these, 3-(meth)acryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane are preferred. (D) Component can be used by combining one or more compounds as appropriate.

[0028] The content of component (D) is less than 3.0 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total of components (A), (B), and (C). A content of less than 3.0 parts by mass of component (D) ensures excellent adhesion to PET, especially under humid heat conditions. The lower limit of the content of component (D) is not particularly limited and may be 0.1 parts by mass or more, or 0.2 parts by mass or more. The content of component (D) is preferably 0.1 to 2.5 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 2.0 parts by mass.

[0029] <Photopolymerization initiator> The active energy ray curable composition of the present invention may contain a photopolymerization initiator. The photopolymerization initiator is a component that is added when ultraviolet light and visible light are used as the active energy ray. When an electron beam is used as the active energy ray, it is not necessarily required to include the photopolymerization initiator, but a small amount may be added as needed to improve curability.

[0030] Examples of photopolymerization initiators include benzyldimethyl ketal, benzyl, benzoin, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one, oligo[2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-1-(methylvinyl)phenyl]propanone, and 2-hydroxy-1-[4-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propan-1-one] Aromatic ketone compounds such as pionyl)benzyl]phenyl]-2-methylpropan-1-one, 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)]phenyl]-2-morpholinopropan-1-one, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one, 2-dimethylamino-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)butan-1-one, 3,6-bis(2-methyl-2-morpholinopropionyl)-9-n-octylcarbazole, methyl phenylglyoxyate, ethylanthraquinone, and phenanthrenequinone; Benzophenone compounds such as benzophenone, 2-methylbenzophenone, 3-methylbenzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4-(methylphenylthio)phenylphenylmethane, methyl-2-benzophenone, 1-[4-(4-benzoylphenylsulfanyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-2-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)propan-1-one, 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, and 4-methoxy-4'-dimethylaminobenzophenone; Acylphosphine oxide compounds such as bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, ethyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphinate, and bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide; Examples of thioxanthone compounds include thioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, isopropylthioxanthone, 1-chloro-4-propylthioxanthone, 3-[3,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-9H-thioxanthone-2-yl-oxy]-2-hydroxypropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride, and fluorothioxanthone.

[0031] Among these compounds, aromatic ketone compounds such as 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)]phenyl]-2-morpholinopropan-1-one, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one, and 2-dimethylamino-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)-butan-1-one, as well as thioxanthone compounds such as 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, are preferred because they exhibit good surface hardening properties even when used as thin film coatings. One or more compounds can be used as photopolymerization initiators in appropriate combinations.

[0032] The content of the photopolymerization initiator in the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be 1.0 to 20.0 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total of components (A), (B), and (C). When the content of the photopolymerization initiator is 1.0 part by mass or more, the curing reaction tends to proceed sufficiently. When the content of the photopolymerization initiator is 20 parts by mass or less, the amount of unreacted photopolymerization initiator increases, and the cured product tends to become more plasticized due to the residue. The content of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 7.5 to 17.5 parts by mass.

[0033] <Additives> The composition of the present invention may optionally contain additives such as organic solvents, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, pigments, dyes, and leveling agents. These additives are well known to those skilled in the art, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-108426, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-196461, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-172885, etc., and those skilled in the art can appropriately select the type and content of these additives. The composition of the present invention can be used as a solvent-free composition, but it can also be used as a solvent-type composition by incorporating an organic solvent. By including an organic solvent, the viscosity of the composition can be adjusted to improve coating properties and adjust the film thickness according to the purpose.

[0034] <Application> For forming thin films using the active energy ray curable composition for imprinting of the present invention, known methods such as spin coating, solution casting (solution casting), dipping, and drop methods can be suitably used. The thickness of the thin film obtained using the composition of the present invention can be arbitrarily adjusted. The pre-curing film thickness that exhibits suitable film-forming properties and in-plane uniformity for imprinting is suitable to be between 1 nm and 100 μm.

[0035] Thin film formation using an imprint-compatible active energy ray curable composition can be carried out, for example, based on known embodiments such as those described in International Publication No. 2012 / 096071. [Examples]

[0036] The present invention will be described in more detail below using examples and comparative examples, but the technical scope of the present invention is limited. This is not limited to the above. In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, "parts" and "%" refer to parts by mass and mass%, respectively.

[0037] [Examples 1-6, Comparative Examples 1-10] <Manufacturing of activated energy ray-curable compositions> The compounds shown in Table 1 were stirred, mixed, and dissolved in a stainless steel container in the proportions shown in Table 1 to produce an active energy ray curable composition.

[0038] <Adhesion Evaluation> Cured products were prepared from the compositions obtained in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-10 using the following procedure. For both an easily adhesive PET film (Cosmoshine A-4360, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and a difficult-to-adhere PET film (Lumirror #100-T60, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), the manufactured composition was applied using a bar coater. The film was then covered with a PET film with a release-treated surface (Diafoil MRQ, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 38 μm thick), and cured by irradiation with 365 nm ultraviolet light using an LED light source. The ultraviolet intensity was 250 mW / cm². 2 The cumulative light intensity is 1000 mJ / cm². 2 The cured film thickness was set to 10 μm. Next, using a utility knife, 11 parallel scratches were made on the prepared cured material at 1 mm intervals, and then 11 more parallel scratches perpendicular to these, also at 1 mm intervals, to create 100 squares of 1 mm x 10 grids, each surrounded by scratches. Tape (Nichiban Co., Ltd.'s "Cellotape (registered trademark) CT-24") was applied over these squares, and after thoroughly removing any air bubbles, the tape was peeled off while maintaining a 30° angle between the cured material and the tape. The adhesion of the cured material to the substrate was evaluated according to the following criteria based on the number of squares that remained attached without peeling off the tape. ○: More than 80 squares remain without peeling. △: 30 to less than 80 squares remain without peeling. ×: Less than 30 squares remain without peeling.

[0039] <Pencil hardness> Similar to the cured material preparation method in the <Adhesion Evaluation> described above, a cured material was prepared by coating and curing an easily adhering PET film. The tip of a pencil lead with hardness B was brought into contact with the surface of the cured material at an angle of 45°, and the tip was moved 5 cm while applying a load of 750 gf. The presence or absence of scratches was evaluated according to the following criteria. ○: No scratches or dents were observed. ×: Pencil marks or dents that did not heal after 24 hours were observed.

[0040] [Table 1]

[0041] The meanings of the abbreviations listed in Table 1 are as follows: • OAP-2531: Acrylic acrylate (35 wt% solution, diluent solvents are 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate (4-HBA) and isobornyl acrylate (IBXA)), manufactured by Negami Kogyo Co., Ltd. • IBXA: Isobornyl acrylate, a product of Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. • HBA: 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, contained in "OAP-2531" • M-220: Polypropylene glycol diacrylate, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd. as "Arronix M-220" • HDDA: Hexanediol diacrylate, manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. as "Viscoat #230" KBM-503: 3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. KBM-5103: 3-Acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. • Z-6044: 3-Glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, manufactured by The Dow Chemical Company KBM-903: 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. • 184D: 1-Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, manufactured by IGM Resins as "Omnirad 184D" • TPO: 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, manufactured by IGM Resins as "Omnirad TPO" • Tinopal OB: Benzoxazollylthiophene derivative, manufactured by BASF as "Tinopal OB CO" • AO-503: Di(tridecyl)3,3'-thiodipropionate, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation, "ADEKA Stab AO-503" • AO-330: 1,3,5-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation as "ADEKA Stab AO-330" • SH-28: Polyether-modified silicone, manufactured by The Dow Chemical Company, "DOWSIL SH-28"

[0042] [Table 2]

[0043] <Result> Comparative Examples 1 and 2 contained an excess of acrylic acrylate compared to Examples 1 to 6, resulting in reduced hardness. This is presumed to be because acrylic acrylate is relatively flexible, and the excessive amount added led to a decrease in hardness.

[0044] Comparative Example 3 contained less acrylic acrylate compared to Examples 1-6, resulting in reduced adhesion to PET. This suggests that acrylic acrylate contributes to the adhesion.

[0045] Comparative Example 4 had less polyfunctional acrylate compared to Examples 1-6, resulting in lower hardness. This is presumed to be because the concentration of polyfunctional acrylate was low, and consequently the crosslinking density decreased.

[0046] Comparative Example 5, compared to Examples 1-6, contained an excessive amount of polyfunctional acrylate, resulting in reduced adhesion. This is presumed to be because the high concentration of polyfunctional acrylate led to a higher crosslinking density, making it difficult to follow the deformation during delamination.

[0047] Comparative Example 6, lacking a silane coupling agent, exhibited reduced adhesion after the moist heat test.

[0048] Comparative Examples 7 and 8 showed reduced adhesion after the moist heat test as a result of containing an excessive amount of silane coupling agent. This is presumed to be because the alkoxy group of the silane coupling agent was hydrolyzed to generate a polar hydroxyl group, leading to excessive water absorption and self-condensation.

[0049] Comparative Examples 9 and 10 showed reduced adhesion after the moist heat test when using a silane coupling agent that did not contain unsaturated ethylene groups. This is presumed to be due to bleeding from the cured product.

Claims

1. An imprint-compatible active energy ray-curable composition comprising components (A) to (D), The content of component (A) is 10.0 to 15.0% by mass relative to the total mass of components (A), (B), and (C). The content of component (B) is 67.5 to 85.0% by mass relative to the total mass of components (A), (B), and (C). The content of component (C) is 1.0 to 17.5% by mass relative to the total mass of components (A), (B), and (C). The content of component (D) is less than 3.0 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total of components (A), (B), and (C). Active energy ray curable composition for imprinting. (A) (meth)acrylic (meth)acrylate (B) Compounds having one unsaturated ethylene group (C) Compounds having two or more unsaturated ethylene groups (D) Silane coupling agent having an unsaturated ethylene group

2. The imprint-curable active energy ray-curable composition according to claim 1, wherein the unsaturated ethylene group is a (meth)acryloyl group.

3. Contains a photoinitiator, The active energy ray curable composition for imprinting according to claim 1, wherein the content of the photoinitiator is 1.0 to 20.0 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total of components (A), (B), and (C).

4. The imprint-curable active energy ray-curable composition according to claim 1, wherein the substrate to which the imprint-curable active energy ray-curable composition is used is a film containing polyethylene terephthalate.

5. A cured product obtained by curing an imprinting active energy ray curable composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A laminate comprising the cured product described in claim 5.

7. A step of applying an imprint-compatible active energy ray-curable composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to an adherend, A process of irradiating a coated substrate with active energy rays. A method for manufacturing a laminate, including the following:

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