Peony flowering agent

Abstract

To provide a method for controlling the flowering of plants, particularly peonies. [Solution] This disclosure provides a flowering agent comprising jasmonic acids. In particular, this disclosure provides an agent / method / composition that promotes flowering by exposing flowers to a composition comprising jasmonic acids. This provides a technique for precisely controlling the flowering time in order to optimize harvest time and flower quality. The plants or parts thereof used in this disclosure are placed in a distribution environment after harvest. Managing the distribution environment plays an important role in maximizing the post-harvest utility value of the plants and ensuring the supply of high-quality products to consumers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method for controlling flowering of plants, in particular a method for inducing flowering of peonies. Background Art

[0002] Flowering of peonies is important in the fields of horticulture and agriculture, and techniques for accurately controlling flowering time are required to optimize harvest timing and flower quality. Summary of the Invention Means for Solving the Problem

[0003] The present disclosure provides a method for effectively promoting flowering of ornamental flowers such as peonies. In particular, the present disclosure focuses on flowering control using jasmonic acids (e.g., methyl jasmonate), and it has been shown that this technique can achieve superior effects compared with conventional techniques.

[0004] As a result of intensive research, the present inventors completed the present disclosure relating to a flowering agent / method / composition that promotes flower flowering by exposing flowers to a composition containing jasmonic acids. One embodiment of the present disclosure is, for example, as follows.

[0005] [Item 1] A flowering agent comprising a jasmonic acid. [Item 2] The flowering agent according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the jasmonic acid is methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid, or prohydrojasmon. [Item 3] The flowering agent according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the jasmonic acid is methyl jasmonate. [Item 4] A flowering agent comprising a factor that increases the level of at least one enzyme selected from Expansin and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase / hydrolase (XTH). [Item 5] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, wherein the factor is a factor that increases the levels of both the enzymes Expansin and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase / hydrolase (XTH). [Item 6] The flowering agent according to any one of the above items, wherein the factor comprises at least one substance selected from methyl jasmonate, auxin, and ethylene. [Item 7] The flowering agent described above is the flowering agent described in any one of the above items, further comprising sugars. [Item 8] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, which is substantially sugar-free. [Item 9] The flowering agent according to any one of the above items, wherein the sugars include at least one selected from sucrose, glucose, and fructose. [Item 10] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, further comprising an antibacterial component. [Item 11] The flowering agent according to any one of the above items, wherein the antimicrobial component comprises at least one selected from metal salts, chlorine compounds, quinoline compounds, and isothiazolinones. [Item 12] The antibacterial components include silver nitrate, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, magnesium sulfate, aluminum chloride, potassium chloride, iron nitrate, manganese sulfate, calcium chloride, nickel sulfate, aluminum sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium hypochlorite, benzalkonium chloride, trichloroisocyanuric acid chloride, chlorine dioxide, sodium chlorate, dimethylbenzylammonium chloride, chloroform, potassium chloride, chloramine T, calcium hypochlorite, 8-hydroxyquinoline, chloroquine, quinoform, quinine, nitroquinoline, oxyquinoline, dichloroquinoline, 5-aminoquinoline, isopropylmethylquinoline, 5-nitroquinoline, methylisothiazolinone, chloromethylisothiazolinone, benzoisothiazolinone, octylisothiazolinone, dichlorooctylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone A flowering agent according to any one of the above items, comprising at least one selected from non, ethylisothiazolinone, cyclohexylisothiazolinone, propylisothiazolinone, dibromoisothiazolinone, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, 8-hydroquinoline sulfate, citrate, pyridine-2-thiol-1-oxide sodium salt, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, alkali iodide, lithium iodide, potassium iodide, and other iodine-based concentrated fungicides, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, ISO-propanol, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol. [Item 13] The flowering agent is a flowering agent described in any one of the above items, which exists in liquid form. [Item 14] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, which exists as a solid and is liquefied or gasified before use. [Item 15] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, which exists as a suspension. [Item 16] The flowering agent according to any one of the above items, provided to be sprayed. [Item 17] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, wherein the flowering agent is provided to the subject in part or in whole as a gas. [Item 18] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, wherein the flowering agent is provided to the subject in part or in whole as a liquid. [Item 19] The flowering agent is a flowering agent according to any one of the above items, which is provided to a target by spray application. [Item 20] The flowering agent according to any one of the above items, wherein the flowering agent is in a dosage form suitable for being provided in a substantially enclosed space on the same side as the subject during transport. [Item 21] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, which is applied to a plant or a part thereof. [Item 22] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, which is applied to the plant or a part thereof before and / or after harvesting the plant or a part thereof, and / or during distribution. [Item 23] The plant body is a difficult-to-flower plant, and the flowering agent is as described in any one of the above items. [Item 24] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, wherein the plant body has reduced flowering ability after harvest. [Item 25] A flowering agent as described in any one of the above items, provided that the plant material is an ornamental plant. [Item 26] The flowering agent according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant body is a plant having petals. [Item 27] ​​The flowering agent according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant body is an angiosperm. [Item 28] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, wherein the plant body is of the Paeoniaceae family or the Nelumbonaceae family. [Item 29] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, wherein the plant body is selected from the group consisting of peony, lotus, tree peony, cherry blossom, camellia, rhododendron and Christmas rose. [Item 30] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, wherein the plant body is a plant body whose flowering level has decreased. [Item 31] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, wherein the plant or a part thereof is a plant or a part thereof that has experienced an abnormal environment. [Item 32] A flowering agent described in any one of the above items, wherein the experience described above is performed during the distribution or storage of the plant or a part thereof. [Item 33] The flowering agent according to any one of the above items, wherein the abnormal environment is at least one selected from (i) temperature 5 to 30°C, (ii) humidity 50 to 90%, and (iii) atmospheric pressure 0.8 to 1 atmosphere. [Item 34] The flowering agent described in any one of the above items, wherein the abnormal environment is (iv) an acceleration of approximately 0.2G to approximately 3G. [Item 35] A flowering agent according to any one of the above items, wherein the duration of experiencing the aforementioned abnormal environment is 24 to 120 hours, continuously or intermittently. [Item 36] A kit comprising a flowering agent as described in any one of the above items, and a container capable of containing the plant body or a part thereof to which it is applied. [Item 37] A kit comprising a flowering agent described in any one of the above items and an application device for applying the flowering agent. [Item 38] A kit comprising a flowering agent described in any one of the above items, an application device for applying the flowering agent, and a container capable of containing the plant body or a part thereof to which the flowering agent is applied. [Item 39] A method for causing a plant to bloom, comprising providing the flowering agent described in any one of the above items within a closed space including a designated part of the plant. [Item 40] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the closed space is a substantially sealed space. [Item 41] The method according to any one of the above items, comprising providing a part or all of the flowering agent described in any one of the above items to a plant or a part thereof as a gas. [Item 42] The method according to any one of the above items, comprising providing some or all of the flowering agent described in any one of the above items as a liquid to a plant or a part thereof. [Item 43] The method according to any one of the above items, comprising providing the flowering agent described in any one of the above items to a plant or a part thereof by spray application. [Item 44] The method according to any one of the above items, comprising providing the flowering agent described in any one of the above items to a plant or a part thereof at a concentration of 0.1 μM to 1 mM per closed space. [Item 45] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the closed space is 30L to 1000L. [Item 46] The method according to any one of the above items, comprising providing the flowering agent described in any one of the above items at a distance of 100 cm or less from a designated part of the plant body. [Item 47] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the specified part of the plant body is a petal, stem, or leaf. [Item 48] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant body is a plant body having petals or buds after harvest. [Item 49] The method according to any one of the above items, comprising placing the plant or a part thereof in a distribution environment after harvesting. [Item 50] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant body is a plant that does not flower easily. [Item 51] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant body has a reduced flowering level after harvesting. [Item 52] The method described in any one of the above items, wherein the plant provided is an ornamental plant. [Item 53] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant body is a plant having petals. [Item 54] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant body is an angiosperm. [Item 55] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant body is of the family Paeoniaceae or Nelumboceae. [Item 56] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant body is selected from the group consisting of peony, lotus, tree peony, cherry blossom, camellia, rhododendron and Christmas rose. [Item 57] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant is a plant that has experienced an abnormal environment. [Item 58] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the experience occurs during distribution or storage of the plant or a part thereof. [Item 59] The method according to any one of the above items, wherein the abnormal environment is at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) a temperature of 5 to 30°C, (ii) a humidity of 50 to 90%, and (iii) an atmospheric pressure of 0.8 to 1 atm. [Item 60] The flowering agent according to any one of the above items, wherein the abnormal environment is (iv) an acceleration of about 0.2 G to about 3 G. [Item 61] The flowering agent according to any one of the above items, wherein the duration of exposure to the abnormal environment is 24 to 120 hours continuously or intermittently. [Item 62] A plant or a part thereof to which the flowering agent according to any one of the above items has been applied. [Item 63] The plant or a part thereof according to any one of the above items, which has petals or flower buds. [Item 64] The plant or a part thereof according to any one of the above items, which is a petal or a flower bud. [Item 65] The plant or a part thereof according to any one of the above items, wherein the provided plant is an ornamental plant. [Item 66] The plant or a part thereof according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant is an angiosperm. [Item 67] The plant or a part thereof according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant belongs to the family Paeoniaceae or Nelumbonaceae. [Item 68] The plant or a part thereof according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of peony, lotus, tree peony, cherry blossom, camellia, rhododendron, and hellebore (Christmas rose). [Item 69] A method for flowering a plant, characterized by placing the plant or a part thereof in an environment that allows interaction with another plant or a part thereof to which the flowering agent according to any one of the above items has been applied, which has been treated with the kit according to any one of the above items, or to which the method according to any one of the above items has been applied (for example, within the same substantially enclosed space). [Item 70] A method for flowering a plant, characterized by placing the plant or a part thereof within 15 cm of another plant or a part thereof to which the flowering agent according to any one of the above items has been applied, which has been treated with the kit according to any one of the above items, or to which the method according to any one of the above items has been applied. [Item 71] A method for flowering a plant, characterized by placing the plant or a part thereof in an environment that allows interaction with another plant or a part thereof that has flowered or whose flowering level has not decreased (for example, within the same substantially enclosed space). [Item 72] A method for flowering a plant, characterized by placing the plant or a part thereof within 15 cm of another plant or a part thereof that has flowered or whose flowering level has not decreased. [Item 73] The method for flowering a plant according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant or a part thereof and said other plant or a part thereof belong to the same family. [Item 74] The method for flowering a plant according to any one of the above items, wherein the plant or a part thereof and said other plant or a part thereof are of the same cultivar. In the present disclosure, it is intended that, in addition to the explicitly stated combinations, the one or more features described above may be provided in further combinations. Additional embodiments and advantages of the present disclosure will be recognized by those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the following detailed description as needed. Effects of the Invention

[0006] According to the present disclosure, the flowering rate of distributed ornamental flowers such as peonies can be improved, and flowering can be promoted. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0007] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows the change over time in relative fresh weight (%) after exposure pretreatment for peonies treated with ethanol alone (bottom) and peonies treated with ethanol and methyl jasmonate (top). [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows the change over time in water absorption (g / gFW) after exposure pretreatment for peonies pretreated with ethanol alone (bottom) and peonies pretreated with ethanol and methyl jasmonate (top). [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows photographs of peonies pre-treated with ethanol alone (left) and peonies pre-treated with ethanol and methyl jasmonate (right), taken 4 and 9 days after treatment. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows the changes over time in relative fresh weight (%) (left) and measured bud diameter (mm) after pretreatment for peonies without pretreatment (○) and peonies pretreated with methyl jasmonate (●). [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows photographs of peonies 8 days after pretreatment: one without pretreatment (left) and one pretreated with methyl jasmonate (right). [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows photographs of peonies that have progressed in flowering during a transport simulation without pretreatment (top) and other representative peony flowers (bottom). [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows the changes over time in the relative fresh weight (%) (left) and measured bud diameter (mm) after pretreatment for each bunch of peonies, for peonies without pretreatment (○) and peonies pretreated with methyl jasmonate (●). [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows photographs of peonies five days after post-treatment, comparing peonies without pre-treatment and those pre-treated with methyl jasmonate, broken down by bunch. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows photographs of lotus flowers three days after exposure pretreatment: lotus flowers without pretreatment (left) and lotus flowers pretreated with methyl jasmonate (right). [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0008] The present disclosure is described below in best form. Throughout this specification, singular expressions should be understood to include the concept of their plural form unless otherwise specified. Accordingly, singular articles (e.g., "a," "an," "the" in English) should be understood to include the concept of their plural form unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, terms used herein should be understood to have the meaning commonly used in the art unless otherwise specified. Accordingly, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. In case of any conflict, this specification (including definitions) shall prevail.

[0009] The following provides definitions of terms used specifically in this specification and / or basic technical concepts as appropriate.

[0010] In this specification, "approximately" means ±10% of the following number, or means significant figures. For example, "approximately 20" includes "18 to 22". A range of numbers includes all numbers between the two endpoints and the numbers at the two endpoints. "Approximately" in relation to a range applies to both endpoints of that range. Therefore, for example, "approximately 20 to 30" includes "18 to 33". In this specification, even without the indication of "approximately", all given statements mean significant figures.

[0011] The definitions of terms and symbols used herein are given below. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art in which this disclosure pertains.

[0012] In this specification, "jasmonic acids" includes jasmonic acid and jasmonic acid derivatives. Jasmonic acid includes free jasmonic acid and salts of jasmonic acid. Examples of jasmonic acid salts are not particularly limited, but include sodium salts, potassium salts, magnesium salts, and calcium salts. Examples of jasmonic acid derivatives include methyl jasmonate, prohydrojasmone, jasmonic acid glucoside, epijasmonic acid, epijasmonic acid methyl, dihydrojasmonic acid, tuberonic acid, and amino acid derivatives of jasmonic acid. Examples of amino acid derivatives of jasmonic acid include isoleucine jasmonate, phenylalanine jasmonate, and valine jasmonate.

[0013] In this specification, "factors that increase the levels of at least one enzyme, Expansin and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase / hydrolase (XTH)" refers to elements or conditions that increase the expression or activity of these enzymes. These factors include the following: Genetic factors include increasing the promoter activity of the enzyme-coding gene and promoting gene expression through the action of specific transcription factors. Methods that increase gene expression using genome editing technology are also included. Environmental factors include stress conditions such as mechanical stimuli, drought, and high salinity, which are known to increase the levels of these enzymes. These environmental stimuli are factors that promote dynamic changes in the cell wall. Plant hormones or substances with equivalent effects include auxin, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate, which are major factors that play a role in inducing the expression of Expansin and XTH. In some cases, treating plants with certain chemical substances may also increase enzyme activity. Nutritional status and metabolites are also important factors, and in particular, the supply of sugars and nutrients necessary for the metabolism of cell wall components may promote enzyme expression. The combined action of these factors forms a mechanism that increases the enzyme levels of Expansin and XTH.

[0014] In this specification, "factors that increase the level of the expansin enzyme" refers to elements or conditions that increase the specific expression level or activity of the expansin enzyme. Since the expansin enzyme alters the structure of plant cell walls and plays a crucial role in cell elongation, growth, and morphogenesis, specific factors are involved in its regulation. For example, the activity of the expansin enzyme is known to be particularly high under acidic conditions (pH 4.5-5.5), with cell wall acidification being the main factor. This acidification is caused by factors such as the activation of proton pumps by auxin. Furthermore, since the expansin enzyme loosens the bonds between cellulose microfibrils and hemicellulose (especially xyloglucan), the abundance and structure of these cell wall components also significantly affect enzyme activity. Genetic factors include the involvement of transcription factors that regulate the expression of the expansin gene (EXPA, EXPB, etc.). In particular, auxin response factors (ARFs), brassinosteroids, and gibberellins regulate its expression. Additionally, the interaction of these hormones further promotes the expression and activity of the expansin enzyme. Mechanical stimuli are also important factors; it has been confirmed that when plants are exposed to external stimuli such as wind or contact, the structure of the cell wall changes and the activity of the expansin enzyme increases. This reaction is considered to be an important mechanism for plants to adapt to environmental changes. Furthermore, light conditions are also factors that regulate the expression of the expansin enzyme. In particular, red light and blue light induce the expression of the expansin gene via photoreceptors and have the effect of promoting cell elongation. These factors act in combination to regulate the expression and activity of the expansin enzyme, and its function is exerted during the plant growth process.

[0015] In this specification, "factors that increase the enzyme level of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase / hydrolase (XTH)" refers to substances or conditions that have the effect of increasing the expression level or enzyme activity of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase / hydrolase (hereinafter referred to as "XTH") in plants. Here, XTH uses xyloglucan in the plant cell wall as a substrate and mainly has the following functions: (a) Through endotransglycosylase activity, it cleaves and recombines xyloglucan chains to promote cell wall remodeling. (b) Through hydrolytic activity, it degrades xyloglucan chains and regulates cell wall relaxation. "Factors" include naturally occurring or artificially synthesized compounds (e.g., hormones, proteins, peptides, small molecules), genetic modifications (e.g., overexpression or knockout), or environmental conditions (e.g., changes in temperature, light, pH, and nutrients). These factors promote the expression or activity of XTH, which contributes to plant growth, development, stress response, or cell wall modification.

[0016] In this specification, "sugars" refers to compounds that are a type of carbohydrate and have multiple hydroxyl groups in their structure. Sugars include monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and derivatives thereof, depending on their structure and molecular bonding configuration. Specific examples of "sugars" include monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, and galactose. Disaccharides include sucrose, maltose, and lactose. Sugars also include modified sugars such as phosphorylated sugars, reducing sugars, and methylated sugars. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose are preferably used.

[0017] In this specification, "antimicrobial component" refers to a substance that has the effect of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeasts, molds, etc.) or killing them. Examples of antimicrobial components include metal salts (e.g., silver nitrate, zinc salts), chlorine compounds (e.g., sodium hypochlorite), quinoline compounds (e.g., 8-hydroxyquinoline), and isothiazolinones (e.g., methylisothiazolinone). In addition, other compounds that exhibit antimicrobial effects may be included, such as phenolic compounds, carbamic acid esters, or naturally derived antimicrobial agents (e.g., thymol, eucalyptus oil).

[0018] In this specification, “supplied to be sprayed” means supplied in the form of a liquid, aerosol, or particulate matter in a manner that is dispersed or diffused toward an object or space. This term includes supply in a manner that can be uniformly dispersed using manual or mechanical devices. Illustrative examples of “supplied to be sprayed” include supply by spray bottles, aerosol cans, mist generators, or ultrasonic humidifiers. The supplied liquid or aerosol may also be a solution, dispersion, or emulsion.

[0019] In this specification, "to be supplied to the object in part or in whole as a gas" means that part or all of the target substance or its components are supplied to the object or space in gaseous form. This supply method includes cases where a liquid or solid vaporizes through evaporation, heating, pressure changes, or chemical reactions. It also includes cases where a substance is supplied in the form of an aerosol or spray and then diffuses into the surroundings to become a gas. Specific examples include volatile organic compounds that vaporize when a liquid substance evaporates, gases produced from solids or liquids by heating, carbon dioxide and other gases generated by chemical reactions, and cases where a substance is supplied as an aerosol and then diffuses into space. Thus, the forms of supply as a gas include a wide range of supply methods, including direct and indirect vaporization.

[0020] In this specification, "provided to the object in part or in whole as a liquid" means that part or all of the target substance or its components are supplied to the object or space in liquid form. This form of supply includes not only the direct provision of the liquid itself, but also the supply of a solid or gas that has been dissolved, melted, or condensed into a liquid. Specific examples include the spraying of liquid solutions or emulsions, atomization as a mist or spray, and the supply of a solution obtained by dissolving a solid powder in a solvent. It also includes cases where a gas condenses into a liquid and that liquid is applied to the object. Thus, the form of "provided as a liquid" includes both the direct supply of liquid and methods of indirectly providing a liquid.

[0021] In this specification, “distribution environment” means all physical, chemical, or environmental conditions related to the transport, storage, and sale of a product or article as it is delivered from the manufacturer to the consumer or end user. This term includes conditions at the means of transport (e.g., land, sea, air), storage facilities (e.g., warehouses, refrigerated storage), and sales locations (e.g., retail stores, online distribution centers). Specifically, the "distribution environment" includes temperature, humidity, vibration, shock, pressure changes, light exposure, changes in oxygen concentration, or situations where these factors act in combination. Furthermore, special distribution conditions necessary to maintain the product's characteristics (e.g., frozen storage, light-shielding packaging) are also considered part of the "distribution environment." In the case of flowers, specifically, the "distribution environment" includes temperature, humidity, vibration, shock, light exposure, changes in oxygen concentration, and situations where these factors act in combination. For example, for plant-based products such as cut flowers and potted plants, maintaining appropriate temperature and humidity, minimizing vibration and shock during transport, and protecting from light and dryness are important. Furthermore, specific distribution conditions necessary to maintain the freshness of flowers (e.g., low-temperature distribution, light-shielding packaging) are also considered part of the "distribution environment."

[0022] In this specification, “post-harvest” means the period from the time when crops, flowers, fruits, vegetables, or other plant-based products are separated from the growing plant or soil. This term includes all stages from initial processing immediately after harvest (e.g., washing, sorting, packaging) to distribution, storage, and delivery to the consumer or end-user. For example, in the case of cut flowers, the stage after the flowers are cut from the plant and then treated to retain water and preserve freshness falls under the "post-harvest" period. Furthermore, for fruits and vegetables, the refrigeration and transportation processes immediately after harvest are also included in the "post-harvest" period.

[0023] In this specification, "difficult-to-flower plants" refers to plants that may be difficult to flower under normal cultivation methods under growing conditions. For example, this includes plants that are difficult to flower when cut. This term includes plants that will not flower unless specific environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, photoperiod, humidity, nutrients) or hormone balance are properly adjusted, or plants that require an extremely long period to flower. For example, peonies (Paeonia spp.) require certain cold conditions and cultivation periods, and their flowering can be unstable. Similarly, lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is difficult to flower unless specific conditions such as high temperature and sunlight are met. In many cases, stable flowering can only be achieved through specific management techniques and environmental control.

[0024] In this specification, "reduced flowering ability" refers to a state in which a plant's inherent ability to flower under normal cultivation conditions is diminished. This includes cases where flower bud formation is suppressed, where formed flower buds do not bloom, or where flowering is significantly delayed. A decrease in the frequency of flowering, a reduction in the number of flowers, or where the size, color, shape, or fragrance of the flowers falls below standard levels also constitutes "reduced flowering ability." Specifically, this can occur when environmental conditions such as temperature, photoperiod, humidity, and nutritional status are inappropriate, when the plant is subjected to physiological stress (e.g., drought, pest and disease damage), or when flowering ability is impaired due to inadequate management such as excessive fertilization or insufficient pruning. To determine if "flowering ability is reduced," the following methods are used: Measurement of flowering rate (calculate the percentage of cultivated individuals that actually flowered after flower bud formation and compare it to the normal standard value. If the flowering rate is low, it is determined that flowering ability is reduced.); Measurement of flower count (record the number of flowers in individual plants or colonies within a specific period and compare it to the normal average value or standard value.); Recording of flowering timing (record the day flowering begins and the flowering period and compare it to the normal standard value. If flowering is significantly delayed, it is determined that flowering ability is reduced.); Evaluation of flower quality (observe the size, shape, color, fragrance, etc. of the flowered flowers and compare them to the normal standard value. If these qualities fall below the standard, it is also considered that flowering ability is reduced.) By using these indicators, it is possible to objectively and quantitatively evaluate whether or not flowering ability is reduced.

[0025] In this specification, “ornamental plants” refers to plants cultivated primarily for their outward beauty, shape, color, fragrance, or other decorative characteristics. This term includes cut flowers, potted plants, garden plants, bonsai, foliage plants, or bedding plants. Specific examples include peonies (Paeonia spp.), lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), roses (Rosa spp.), orchids (Orchidaceae spp.), tulips (Tulipa spp.), and foliage plants such as pothos (Epipremnum aureum) and monstera (Monstera spp.). These plants are often used in homes, commercial facilities, events, or landscape design to provide decorative value.

[0026] In this specification, “petalous plants” refers to plants that have an organ called a petal in the structure of their flower. Here, “petal” usually refers to the part of a flower that constitutes its aesthetic appeal, possesses a specific shape, color, or texture, and plays a role in attracting pollinators (e.g., insects, birds). Technically, “petalous plants” include angiosperms that have a petal structure. This includes both monocots and dicots. Furthermore, plants with fused petals (sympetalous flowers) and plants with freely separated petals (polypetalous flowers) are also included in “petalous plants.” Specific examples include ornamental plants such as peonies (Paeonia spp.), lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), roses (Rosa spp.), tulips (Tulipa spp.), and lilies (Lilium spp.), as well as agricultural crops such as rapeseed (Brassica spp.) and apples (Malus spp.). On the other hand, naked flowers (e.g., many grasses and some maple trees) are not included in this definition.

[0027] In this specification, "angiosperms" refers to plants that produce flowers and protect their seeds with fruits. Angiosperms include plants with diverse flower shapes and colors that are widely found as ornamental, agricultural, and wild species. Specific examples include ornamental plants such as peonies (Paeonia spp.), lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), roses (Rosa spp.), tulips (Tulipa spp.), orchids (Orchidaceae spp.), lilies (Lilium spp.), sunflowers (Helianthus annuus), morning glories (Ipomoea spp.), and cherry blossoms (Prunus spp.). Furthermore, agricultural products such as tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), eggplants (Solanum melongena), strawberries (Fragaria spp.), apples (Malus spp.), rapeseed (Brassica spp.), and oranges (Citrus sinensis) are also included. In addition, aquatic plants and tropical plants such as lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and hibiscus (Hibiscus spp.) also fall under the category of "angiosperms."

[0028] In this specification, "Paeoniaceae" refers to a group of plants belonging to the angiosperms, including peonies (Paeonia spp.), which are mainly cultivated for ornamental purposes. Plants belonging to the Paeoniaceae generally produce beautiful flowers, characterized by the size and color of their petals. Specific examples include peonies (Paeonia suffruticosa) and tree peonies (Paeonia lactiflora). These plants are widely cultivated in gardens and parks and are also used as cut flowers. Furthermore, the Paeoniaceae family also includes horticultural varieties and hybrids of these plants.

[0029] In this specification, "Nelumbonaceae" refers to the family of plants belonging to the angiosperms, including the lotus (Nelumbo spp.), which is mainly cultivated as an ornamental or aquatic plant. Plants belonging to the Nelumbonaceae family are adapted to aquatic or wetland environments and are characterized by large leaves and beautiful flowers. Specific examples include the representative species Nelumbo nucifera and Nelumbo lutea. These plants are often cultivated for ornamental purposes in ponds and waterside areas, and the flowers, seeds, and rhizomes (lotus roots) of the lotus are sometimes used for food or medicinal purposes.

[0030] In this specification, "plants with reduced flowering levels" refers to plants that, under normal cultivation conditions, exhibit any of the following conditions compared to their inherent flowering ability: Flower bud formation is reduced or absent. Even if flower buds form, they do not bloom. The timing of flowering will be delayed. The number of flowers that bloom decreases. The size, color, shape, or quality of the bloomed flowers falls below the standard. Specific examples include roses (Rosa spp.) with a reduced number of flowers due to inadequate cultivation conditions (e.g., insufficient temperature or light, unbalanced nutrition), or pests and diseases (e.g., drought, pest and disease damage), peonies (Paeonia lactiflora) with significantly delayed flowering, or tulips (Tulipa spp.) whose flower size or color does not meet the standard values.

[0031] In this specification, “experiencing an abnormal environment” refers to a situation in which a plant is exposed to conditions different from its normal growing environment, affecting its growth, development, or flowering. Such abnormal environments include temperature stress due to high or low temperatures, humidity stress such as high or low humidity, changes in acceleration or atmospheric pressure, light stress due to insufficient or excessive sunlight, water stress due to soil dryness or excessive moisture, nutrient deficiencies or excesses, abnormal outbreaks of pests and diseases, and the effects of increased soil salinity or pollutants. Experiencing these conditions may cause plants to exhibit delayed growth, suppressed flowering, or morphological abnormalities. In one embodiment, an abnormal environment may include (i) a temperature of 5 to 30°C, (ii) humidity of 50 to 90%, (iii) atmospheric pressure of 0.8 to 1 atmosphere, and (iv) acceleration of approximately 0.2 G to 3 G.

[0032] In this specification, “storage” refers to the period during which a plant or plant-derived article is stored to maintain a predetermined state after it has been harvested, processed, or packaged, until it is consumed or used. This term includes short-term storage immediately after harvest to long-term storage, and includes storage at low temperatures, frozen storage, room temperature storage, or storage under specific humidity and light conditions. Specific examples include the storage of cut flowers at low temperatures to maintain freshness, the storage of fruits at specific temperatures and humidity to regulate ripening, or the storage of seeds in a dry state to maintain their germination ability.

[0033] In this specification, “in transit” refers to the period during which plants or plant-derived articles are moved, transported, and temporarily stored from the place of production to the consumer or end user. This term includes movement processes such as storage in distribution centers and retail stores, and land, air, and sea transport. Specific examples include cut flowers being transported from the place of production to florists using a cold transport system, fruits and vegetables being delivered to markets and stores by truck or refrigerated containers, or potted plants being delivered to consumers by courier service. “In transit” includes situations in which articles are exposed to temperature, humidity, vibration, shock, or other environmental conditions.

[0034] In this specification, “continuous” means that an action, phenomenon, or state is performed continuously without interruption over a period of time. This term also includes cases where an action is performed intermittently at regular intervals or repeated as many times as necessary to achieve the purpose of the subject. Specific examples include maintaining a constant temperature during plant growth, continuously performing cooling operations to preserve the freshness of cut flowers, or continuously monitoring to ensure the quality of goods. “Continuous” also includes cases where an action is performed periodically in a certain pattern.

[0035] In this specification, “intermittent” means that an action, phenomenon, or state occurs repeatedly at regular intervals. This term includes cases where the action or phenomenon occurs repeatedly as a whole, with periods of complete cessation in between. Specific examples include watering plants at regular time intervals, intermittent adjustment of temperature and humidity as needed, or periodic monitoring during the transport of goods. “Intermittent” includes both cases where it occurs in a predetermined periodic pattern and cases where it occurs at irregular intervals.

[0036] In this specification, a “kit” comprising a flowering agent and a container refers to a product that combines a flowering agent, which is an agent for promoting flowering of plants, with a container capable of properly storing, transporting, or using the plant or a part thereof to which it is applied. This kit applies whether the flowering agent and the container are provided as a single unit or separately. Specific examples include a liquid or powdered flowering agent and a container (e.g., a pot, vase, or special packaging) containing a plant (e.g., a potted plant, cut flowers, or seedling). The kit may also include instructions on how to use the flowering agent and the appropriate dosage to support proper use on the target plant.

[0037] In this specification, “appliance device for applying flowering agent” refers to a device used for the purpose of effectively and appropriately applying a flowering agent to a plant. This device has the function of delivering the flowering agent to specific parts of the plant (e.g., stems, leaves, flower buds, roots) and is designed to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and convenience of application. Specific examples include spray bottles for spraying liquid flowering agents onto plants in a mist or spray form, dispensers for distributing powdered or granular flowering agents, injection devices or droppers for injecting flowering agents into the roots or soil of plants, and drip irrigation devices with automatic control functions. Brushes or sponge-type applicators for directly applying flowering agents to specific target areas are also included. Furthermore, application devices may be equipped with a measuring function for measuring the appropriate amount of flowering agent and a timer function for applying the flowering agent under specific conditions.

[0038] In this specification, “enclosed space” refers to a space in which the flow of gases, liquids, or physical substances to and from the outside is partially or completely restricted. Such spaces are often designed to control or maintain specific conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, gas concentration). Specific examples include greenhouses, refrigerators, storage rooms, sealed containers, packaging materials, or sealed shipping containers used for storing, cultivating, or transporting plants or plant-derived materials. Furthermore, culture chambers and controlled laboratory rooms used for experimental purposes are also considered “enclosed spaces.”

[0039] In this specification, "specified part" refers to a part of a plant that has a specific function, role, or characteristic and is selected according to the purpose. This part includes leaves and petioles, stems and branches, roots and root hairs, petals, flower buds and flowers, fruits and fruit peels, seeds and embryos, etc. These parts are selected as targets according to the purpose of promoting flowering, controlling growth, preventing diseases, etc., and are subjected to appropriate treatment and manipulation.

[0040] In this specification, “a substantially sealed space” refers to a space in which the exchange of gases and substances with the external environment is limited and the internal environmental conditions are controlled or maintained to a certain extent. This term includes spaces that are not completely sealed, but in which the internal temperature, humidity, gas concentration, or other conditions can be adjusted as needed. Specific examples include containers with openable and closable lids, storage rooms with vents, partially sealed greenhouses, or shipping containers equipped with control devices to maintain specific conditions. A “substantially sealed space” may allow for a small amount of substance exchange with the outside compared to a completely sealed space, but is designed so that the intended environmental conditions do not fluctuate significantly.

[0041] In this specification, "an environment in which interaction with another plant or part thereof is possible" means an environment in which volatile substances, signaling substances, metabolites, other physiologically active components released from one plant, or substances outside that plant that have interacted with these in any way, can reach the other plant or part thereof. Such an environment includes, for example, an environment in which the plant and the other plant or part thereof are located in the same substantially enclosed space, or an environment in which they are located in close proximity to each other to the extent that interaction can occur. An environment in close proximity includes, for example, a state in which the distance between them is about 15 cm or less.

[0042] (Preferred embodiment) Preferred embodiments of the Disclosure are described below. These embodiments are provided for a better understanding of the Disclosure, and it is understood that the scope of the Disclosure should not be limited to the descriptions below. Therefore, it is clear that those skilled in the art can make appropriate modifications within the scope of the Disclosure, taking into consideration the descriptions herein. It is also understood that the embodiments described below can be used individually or in combination.

[0043] (Flowering agent) This disclosure provides a composition containing methyl jasmonate, which is used as a flowering agent.

[0044] In one aspect, the invention provides a flowering agent containing jasmonic acids.

[0045] In one embodiment, jasmonic acids include jasmonic acid (free jasmonic acid and salts of jasmonic acid, e.g., sodium salt, potassium salt, magnesium salt, calcium salt), methyl jasmonate, prohydrojasmone, jasmonic acid glucoside, epijasmonic acid, epijasmonic acid methyl, dihydrojasmonic acid, tuberonic acid, jasmonic acid, isoleucine jasmonate, phenylalanine jasmonate, valine jasmonate, and the like. Preferably, methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid, or prohydrojasmone, and more preferably, methyl jasmonate.

[0046] In one embodiment, the present disclosure includes a factor that increases the level of at least one enzyme, Expansin and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase / hydrolase (XTH). Preferably, the factor is one that increases the levels of both Expansin and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase / hydrolase (XTH).

[0047] In one embodiment, the factors used in this disclosure may be, but are not limited to, auxin, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, etc.

[0048] In one embodiment, the flowering agent used in the present disclosure further comprises sugars.

[0049] In one embodiment, the sugars used in this disclosure may be sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc. These sugars may be advantageous in certain cases because they are relatively readily available to plants. Alternatively, they may be used to impart a certain degree of viscosity or osmotic pressure.

[0050] In one embodiment, the flowering agent used in this disclosure is substantially sugar-free. In other embodiments, it is even more substantially antimicrobial-free. Flowering agents that are sugar-free or substantially sugar-free and antimicrobial-free are cost-effective.

[0051] In one embodiment, the flowering agent used in this disclosure further comprises an antimicrobial component. The antimicrobial component is not limited to those used on plants, but examples include metal salts, chlorine compounds, quinoline compounds, and mixtures of chloromethylisothiazoline and methylisothiazolinone. For example, a mixture of chloromethylisothiazoline and methylisothiazolinone may be used, but is not limited to this example.

[0052] In one embodiment, examples of metal salts that can be used include silver nitrate, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, magnesium sulfate, aluminum chloride, potassium chloride, iron nitrate, manganese sulfate, calcium chloride, nickel sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and sodium thiosulfate.

[0053] In one embodiment, examples of chlorine-based compounds that can be used include sodium hypochlorite, benzalkonium chloride, trichloroisocyanuric acid chloride, chlorine dioxide, sodium chlorate, dimethylbenzylammonium chloride, chloroform, potassium chloride, chloramine T, and calcium hypochlorite. Examples of quinoline compounds that can be used include 8-hydroxyquinoline, chloroquine, quinoform, quinine, nitroquinoline, oxyquinoline, dichloroquinoline, 5-aminoquinoline, isopropylmethylquinoline, and 5-nitroquinoline.

[0054] In one embodiment, examples of isothiazolinones that can be used include methylisothiazolinone, chloromethylisothiazolinone, benzoisothiazolinone, octylisothiazolinone, dichlorooctylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone, ethylisothiazolinone, cyclohexylisothiazolinone, propylisothiazolinone, and dibromoisothiazolinone.

[0055] Other substances that can be used include, for example, quaternary ammonium salts such as benzalkonium chloride and benzethonium chloride, 8-hydroquinoline sulfate, citrate, pyridine-2-thiol-1-oxide sodium salt, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, sodium hypochlorite, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium percarbonate, iodine-based concentrated disinfectants such as alkali iodide, lithium iodide, and potassium iodide, and alcohols or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, ISO-propanol, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol.

[0056] The state in which the flowering agent of this disclosure is provided is arbitrary, as long as it can be imparted to the subject. In one embodiment, the flowering agent is a liquid or a solid. Being a liquid may be advantageous because the effect can be exerted immediately.

[0057] In one embodiment, the flowering agent may be provided as a solid, solution, or suspension for use in this disclosure. In one embodiment, the flowering agent of this disclosure is provided to be sprayed. Use in spray form may be advantageous. By being provided in spray form, the flowering agent can be uniformly and efficiently dispersed to specific parts of the plant. This method allows for the precise and waste-free application of the required amount of flowering agent, promoting the optimal use of agricultural resources. Furthermore, spray form allows for rapid treatment of a wide range of plants and crops, making it particularly useful in large-scale agricultural environments. In addition, spray application may promote absorption through the foliar surface, maximizing the effect of the flowering agent. With the use of appropriate spraying equipment, precise application to the target site can be achieved while minimizing the dispersion of the agent by wind.

[0058] In one embodiment, the flowering agent of this disclosure is supplied to the target in part or all as a gas. When supplied in part or all as a gas, the flowering agent diffuses uniformly around the target object, allowing for wide-area application. This form is particularly effective for use in specific environments or enclosed spaces, as it effectively penetrates not only the surface of the target object but also its interior and crevices. Furthermore, the gaseous form offers greater convenience in that it can be flexibly used even under conditions where liquid or solid application is difficult. In addition, by using a dedicated supply device, the concentration and supply rate of the gas can be precisely controlled, improving the uniformity and duration of the effect.

[0059] In one embodiment, the flowering agent of this disclosure is provided to the target in part or all as a liquid. Being provided in part or all as a liquid allows for direct and uniform application to the target object. The liquid form offers various application methods, such as spraying, injecting, and coating, allowing for flexible use depending on the application and target object. Furthermore, the liquid form has the advantage of easily adhering firmly to the surface of the target object, allowing for efficient absorption of necessary components. In addition, the liquid form allows for easy concentration adjustment and customization through dilution and mixing, enabling adaptation to diverse agricultural conditions. These characteristics make the liquid form of the flowering agent particularly useful for use in specific environments, such as precision agriculture and greenhouse cultivation.

[0060] In one embodiment, the flowering agent of this disclosure is provided to the target by spray application. When provided by spray application, the flowering agent can be uniformly distributed over the entire target and applied efficiently. The spray method is particularly advantageous for large-scale agricultural applications because it can cover a large area in a short time. Furthermore, by adjusting the particle size of the spray, adhesion to specific parts such as the surface of leaves and stems can be improved, maximizing the absorption efficiency of the active ingredient. In addition, using spray technology makes it possible to reduce the environmental impact by minimizing the dissipation of the pesticide. By using a dedicated spraying device, uniform distribution and precise application can be achieved, optimizing the effect of promoting flowering. There are various options for spraying devices, from handheld spray bottles to automated drone spraying, allowing for flexible operation according to the size and application of the farm. For example, in small-scale farms, spraying can be done manually using a backpack-type sprayer, while in large-scale farms, drones can be used to efficiently spray over a wide area. In this way, by utilizing spray application, the effect of promoting flowering can be maximized, and crop productivity can be improved.

[0061] In one embodiment, the flowering agent of the Disclosure is provided to a target in a dosage form suitable for the target to be provided in a substantially enclosed space with the target during transport. For example, the flowering agent may be impregnated into a carrier consisting of porous material, absorbent material, cushioning material, paper material, fiber material, sheet material, packaging material, or a combination thereof, and enclosed in a cardboard box, container, bag, or other transport container that houses the target. Alternatively, the flowering agent may be provided coated on the inner wall of a container or contained in a cartridge, pouch, packaging material, or holder suspended inside the container. Furthermore, the flowering agent may be provided in a gel, solid, or pad form that is prepared to volatilize slowly during transport, and these include a configuration that allows them to be stably held in a substantially enclosed space with the target during transport. This allows the flowering agent to stably and slowly release its physiologically active components in a substantially enclosed space throughout transport, thereby providing a sustained and uniform flowering-promoting effect on the target.

[0062] In one embodiment, the flowering agent of this disclosure is applied to a plant or a part thereof. By being applied to a plant or a part thereof, the flowering agent can act directly on the target part, such as leaves, stems, flower buds, or fruits, and exert its effect to the fullest extent. This application is used not only to promote the growth of the entire plant but also to regulate the growth and flowering of specific parts. For example, in fruit trees where flowering is to be promoted, applying the flowering agent to the flower buds or surrounding parts at the flower bud formation stage can be expected to have the effect of aligning the flowering time. In the case of ornamental plants, application to the leaf surface can support overall growth while inducing flowering at specific parts. Furthermore, the application method can be flexibly adapted to the type of plant and growth environment, such as foliar application by spraying, intra-stem application by injection, or soil application at the base of the plant. This allows for efficient and effective results to be obtained by using the flowering agent in a way that is suitable for the plant's growth environment.

[0063] In another aspect, the Disclosure provides a plant or a part thereof to which the flowering agent of the Disclosure has been applied. In a particular embodiment, the Disclosure is a plant or a part thereof having a petal or bud to which the flowering agent of the Disclosure has been applied, or a petal or bud.

[0064] In one embodiment, the plants or parts thereof used in this disclosure are placed in a distribution environment after harvest. This distribution environment ensures that the plants maintain their quality and freshness before reaching consumers and processors. In this distribution environment, conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity are carefully controlled to maintain the optimal condition of the plants. For example, in the case of fruits and vegetables, transporting them in a refrigerated or frozen environment after harvesting preserves their freshness and prevents quality deterioration at the point of consumption. Similarly, in the case of cut flowers, transporting them in storage containers with special hydration solutions maintains their freshness and appearance after flowering. Furthermore, for plants intended for processing, it is crucial that they undergo proper washing and sorting after harvesting and are quickly transported to processing facilities. Managing such a distribution environment plays a vital role in maximizing the post-harvest value of the plants and ensuring the supply of high-quality products to consumers.

[0065] In one embodiment, the plant subject to this disclosure is a plant that is difficult to flower. Ornamental plants require specific photoperiods and temperature conditions, but even in environments where these conditions are difficult to meet, the technology of this disclosure can be used to achieve efficient flowering. Even when the timing of natural flowering is irregular, using the flowering agent of this disclosure can unify the flowering period and is expected to improve harvest efficiency. The technology of this disclosure has the potential to contribute not only to inducing flowering in plants that are difficult to flower, but also to improving the quality and quantity of flowering. For this reason, it has high practical applicability in agricultural production and horticulture fields and can further increase the added value of the target plants.

[0066] In one embodiment, the plants covered by this disclosure are those whose flowering ability has decreased after harvest. When flowering ability has decreased after harvest, there is a need for a technology to maintain or restore high flowering ability even after harvest. Such plants are prone to delayed or incomplete flowering due to stress during harvesting and transportation, and changes in environmental conditions, which disrupt their physiological balance. For example, when harvested as cut flowers, buds may not open due to a lack of moisture and nutrients in the distribution environment, resulting in a decrease in appearance and market value. By utilizing the technology of this disclosure, it is possible to appropriately apply flowering agents to these plants to promote flowering and improve quality such as the vividness and size of the flowers. Furthermore, even with ornamental plants and potted plants, decreased flowering ability after distribution is a problem, but by using the technology of this disclosure, it is possible to stably induce flowering and provide products that satisfy consumers. The technology of this disclosure takes into account the environmental and physiological stress that plants experience after harvest and can provide flexibility to accommodate a wide range of plant species and distribution conditions.

[0067] In one embodiment, the plant subject to this disclosure is an ornamental plant. In the case of ornamental plants, the flowering time and flower quality are directly related to the product value. For ornamental plants, the size, vividness of the color, the shape of the petals, and the duration of flowering are important factors, and these characteristics can be optimized by using the technology of this disclosure. When it is required that the plant continues to bloom beautifully during the period of distribution or exhibition, it is possible to adjust the timing of flowering and improve vividness and durability by utilizing the technology of this disclosure. Furthermore, when it is desired that the plant be enjoyed for a long period of time in homes or commercial facilities, the required duration and uniformity of flowering can be achieved. By using the flowering agent of this disclosure, it is possible to efficiently induce flowering of these plants and enhance their overall aesthetic appeal. Moreover, this disclosure provides a technology that is easy to apply and acts gently on the plant, taking into account the greenhouse and distribution environment in which ornamental plants are cultivated. For this reason, it is expected to bring high satisfaction not only to producers and distributors of ornamental plants but also to the end consumers.

[0068] In one embodiment, the plant subject to this disclosure is a plant having petals. In the case of a plant having petals, the color, shape, texture, and size of the petals during flowering are considered important characteristics. In such plants, the beauty of the petals is directly linked to the ornamental and market value, and there is a need for technology to control the timing and quality of flowering. For example, in cut flowers, it is required that the petals open uniformly and have vivid colors. By using the technology of this disclosure, it is possible to improve the uniformity of flowering in these plants and maintain the vivid color and texture of the petals. Furthermore, in plants that produce large flowers such as peonies, it is expected that the development of the petals will be promoted while increasing the overall durability of the flower. In addition, the flowering agent of this disclosure is designed to support the development of petals and acts effectively on the entire plant from the flower bud formation stage to post-flowering maintenance. This technology enables producers and distributors of ornamental plants to efficiently provide high-quality products and deliver highly satisfying floral products to end consumers.

[0069] In one embodiment, the plant subject to this disclosure is an angiosperm. When it is an angiosperm, techniques that utilize the characteristics of flower formation are applied. Angiosperms have structures including petals, stamens, and pistils, and flowering plays an important role as part of reproduction. By controlling the timing and quality of flowering, it is possible to improve ornamental value and agricultural productivity. Although there is diversity among angiosperms, considering the commonality of the flowering mechanism, the techniques of this disclosure can be designed to adapt to various environments and cultivation conditions, and those skilled in the art can flexibly apply them according to the characteristics of the plant and cultivation purpose as appropriate. As a result, it can be widely used in the fields of agriculture and horticulture, and it is possible to provide high-quality crops and floral products.

[0070] In one embodiment, the plants covered by this disclosure include the Paeoniaceae and Nelumbonaceae families. When the plants belong to the Paeoniaceae and Nelumbonaceae families, technologies that take into account the flowering characteristics and cultivation conditions specific to these plants are required. Plants of the Paeoniaceae family (e.g., peonies and tree peonies) are in high demand as ornamental plants due to their showy and large flowers, but their flowering period is limited, so promoting flowering or adjusting the flowering period is key to improving productivity. Plants of the Nelumbonaceae family (e.g., lotus and giant water lily) have the characteristic of growing in aquatic environments and are widely cultivated for ornamental and religious purposes due to their unique beauty and symbolic value. By utilizing the technology of this disclosure, it is possible to adjust the flowering timing of, for example, peonies and tree peonies, and optimize the distribution period as cut flowers. In the case of lotuses, it is expected that the opening of buds can be uniformly induced, maintaining the beautiful scenery on the water. Furthermore, the application of flowering promoters to these plant species can be appropriately used based on cultivation conditions and has the flexibility to be used in both greenhouse and outdoor cultivation. This technology provides horticulturalists and agricultural producers who handle plants of the Paeoniaceae and Nelumbonaceae families with a means to achieve high-quality flowering and further enhance the commercial value of their products.

[0071] In one embodiment, the plant subject to this disclosure is the peony, lotus, and preferably the peony. The lotus is also important. There are cut lotus flowers that do not bloom during distribution (even at the consumer stage). These are sold as non-blooming flowers (for the enjoyment of the buds), but by further blooming the buds, it is possible to provide a form that offers two pleasures in one.

[0072] In one embodiment, the plant or part thereof covered by this disclosure is placed in a distribution environment after harvest. The distribution environment refers to the environment including various processes such as transportation, storage, and sales until the plant or part thereof covered by this disclosure reaches the consumer. This includes factors that can affect the maintenance of the plant's quality, such as temperature, humidity, light conditions, air circulation, and physical shock. Maintaining freshness and suppressing quality deterioration in the distribution environment is particularly important, and this disclosure addresses these challenges. Furthermore, in the distribution environment, the use of specific treatments, packaging materials, or preservatives may be recommended to ensure that the plant or part thereof maintains appropriate storage conditions. This makes it possible for the plant to reach the consumer in an optimal state in terms of appearance and nutritional value. For example, setting a cooling temperature suitable for a particular plant species or using packaging materials with excellent moisture resistance are effective in suppressing quality deterioration during the distribution process.

[0073] In one embodiment, the plant subject to this disclosure is a plant with a reduced flowering level. When a plant has a reduced flowering level, a technology is needed to promote flowering or restore the flowering level. Such plants often have reduced flowering ability due to environmental stress, unsuitable cultivation conditions, or inadequate post-harvest processing. For example, in ornamental plants, drought and low-temperature stress during transport can prevent buds from opening, reducing the market value of the product. By using the technology of this disclosure, it is possible to apply an appropriate flowering agent to these plants to induce flowering and restore the vibrancy and shape of the flowers. In addition, in agricultural crops, poor flowering can occur due to climate change or changes in the cultivation environment. For example, in fruit vegetables such as tomatoes and eggplants, insufficient flowering leads to a decrease in yield, but by utilizing the technology of this disclosure, it is possible to restore the flowering level of the plant and improve productivity. Furthermore, the technology of this disclosure can not only promote flowering of plants but also support the healthy growth of the entire plant in conjunction with the improvement of the flowering level. Therefore, it is possible to improve the quality of ornamental plants and agricultural crops, as well as provide high-value-added solutions for producers and distributors.

[0074] In one embodiment, the plant or part thereof covered by this disclosure is a plant or part thereof that has experienced an abnormal environment. When a plant or part thereof has experienced an abnormal environment, there is a need for a technology to overcome poor flowering and growth disorders caused by environmental stress. An abnormal environment is as defined herein, and may include various conditions that can occur during distribution, such as high or low temperatures, drought, excessive humidity, strong light, low light levels, and even nutrient deficiencies. Plants affected by these conditions often have their normal growth and flowering inhibited. For example, in certain situations, flower bud formation may be delayed, but by utilizing the technology of this disclosure, it is possible to apply a flowering promoter and restore the impaired flowering ability. Furthermore, even ornamental plants that have experienced sudden temperature changes due to heater or cooling equipment failures in greenhouse cultivation can be expected to normalize flowering and improve quality by using this technology. In addition, the technology of this disclosure is designed to reduce the physiological damage that plants have suffered due to abnormal environments and to promote healthy growth again. This technology can be applied to the entire plant or specific parts of it, and is suitable for a wide range of applications, including ornamental plants, agricultural crops, and fruit trees. This ensures stable flowering and harvesting even in plants that have experienced abnormal environmental conditions, thereby increasing added value for producers and distributors.

[0075] In one embodiment, the experience of abnormal environments covered by this disclosure occurs during the distribution or storage of a plant or a part thereof. When the experience of abnormal environments covered by this disclosure occurs during the distribution or storage of a plant or a part thereof, techniques to improve quality deterioration and poor flowering caused by environmental stress occurring at these stages are important. During distribution and storage, plants may experience harsh conditions such as rapid changes in temperature and humidity, insufficient light, dryness, and fluctuations in oxygen concentration, which can adversely affect the physiological functions of the plant. For example, when distributed as cut flowers, there is a high risk that buds will not open due to low temperatures and dryness during transport. By utilizing the techniques of this disclosure, it is possible to apply appropriate flowering promoters to these plants and enable them to bloom beautifully even after distribution. Furthermore, it is expected that the techniques will also address low-temperature damage and quality deterioration caused by ethylene during storage, and promote the recovery of flowering and growth. In addition, the techniques of this disclosure are designed to be suitable for use at each stage of distribution and storage and can be applied as a spray, immersion, or gas. This flexible application method reduces the stress caused by abnormal environmental conditions that plants or parts thereof experience during distribution and storage, making it possible to deliver them to the end consumer in a high-quality condition.

[0076] In one embodiment, the abnormal environment covered by this disclosure may be a temperature of 5 to 30°C, a humidity of 50 to 90%, and an atmospheric pressure of 0.8 to 1 atmosphere. In addition, the abnormal environment may include a variety of other conditions, such as: For example, regarding temperature, ranges such as 10 to 25°C, 15 to 35°C, 20 to 40°C, or 0 to 20°C are possible, and low-temperature damage or high-temperature stress may adversely affect the flowering and growth of plants. Regarding humidity, ranges such as 40 to 80%, 60 to 95%, or 30 to 70% are possible, and damage to plants due to excessive dryness or excessive humidity may be a problem. Furthermore, regarding atmospheric pressure, ranges such as 0.7 to 1.1 atmospheres, 0.85 to 1.05 atmospheres, or 0.75 to 1 atmosphere are assumed, and the effects on plants, particularly changes in altitude during transport, are considered. Under these abnormal environments, it becomes difficult for plants or parts thereof to maintain normal physiological functions, which may lead to delayed flowering, reduced flower quality, or an overall decline in vitality. The technology disclosed herein is designed to promote flowering and maintain the quality of plants even under these harsh conditions, and is expected to be highly useful in distribution and storage processes.

[0077] In one embodiment, the duration of exposure to the abnormal environment covered by this disclosure is 24 to 120 hours, either continuously or intermittently. In addition, the duration of exposure to the abnormal environment may also include ranges such as 36 to 72 hours, 48 ​​to 96 hours, or 12 to 48 hours. During these time ranges, the plant or parts thereof are exposed to environmental stress, which is likely to impair their flowering ability and growth uniformity. In particular, continuous exposure to an abnormal environment can gradually reduce the physiological function of the plant, not only delaying flowering but also affecting the quality of the flowers. On the other hand, in intermittent abnormal environments, repeated stress can exceed the plant's ability to adapt to environmental changes, leading to poor flowering and growth disorders. The technology of this disclosure is designed to promote flowering and maintain quality in plants under these conditions. For example, by applying it to plants that have experienced 24 to 120 hours of abnormal environment during transport or storage, the flowering stimulant can mitigate the effects of stress and normalize flowering and growth. Such technologies not only contribute to improving the quality of plants in distribution and storage processes, but also offer significant advantages to producers and distributors.

[0078] (kit) In one aspect, the Disclosure provides a kit comprising the flowering agent of the Disclosure and a container capable of containing a plant or a portion thereof to which the flowering agent is applied. Any embodiment of the flowering agent of the Disclosure may be adopted as described elsewhere herein.

[0079] The containers used in this disclosure to contain plants or parts thereof are designed to preserve the plants in an appropriate environment and allow the flowering stimulant to be fully effective. These containers can take various forms depending on the size, shape, and storage conditions of the plants or parts thereof. For example, when storing cut flowers, transparent plastic or glass vase-like containers are used, and by filling them with water or a solution containing the flowering stimulant, the freshness and flowering of the flowers can be maintained. For plants such as fruits and vegetables, plastic containers with ventilation holes to ensure airflow or special packaging materials with the function of appropriately regulating humidity may be used. Furthermore, when dealing with plants during transport, airtight containers are often employed. This allows for stabilization of the internal temperature and humidity and enables uniform distribution of the gaseous flowering stimulant. For example, in flower markets and distributors, flowering stimulants are diffused into large transport containers, and multiple plants are managed together. Such containers play an important role in streamlining the application of flowering stimulants and maximizing the preservation of plant quality, and have high practicality in all processes of distribution and storage.

[0080] In one aspect, the Disclosure provides a kit comprising the flowering agent of the Disclosure and an application device for applying the flowering agent. Any embodiment of the flowering agent of the Disclosure may be adopted as described elsewhere in this Specification.

[0081] The application devices for applying flowering agents in this disclosure are designed to efficiently and uniformly apply the flowering agent to a plant or a part thereof. These application devices have diverse structures and functions depending on the form of the flowering agent (liquid, gas, spray, etc.) and the characteristics of the target area. For example, for spray application devices, a wide range of options are available, from manual spray bottles to electric and engine-powered sprayers. These devices can disperse the flowering agent into fine particles and uniformly spray it onto the entire plant or specific parts. Furthermore, for use in large-scale farms and greenhouses, self-propelled sprayers and drone-based spraying devices are suitable, enabling efficient treatment of large areas. On the other hand, when applying flowering agents in a sealed container, devices equipped with gas diffusers or spray nozzles to uniformly diffuse gaseous flowering agents may be used. This enables effective flowering promotion even for plants during transport or storage. In addition, injection-type application devices are provided with a function to directly inject the flowering agent as a liquid into the roots and stems of the plant, promoting efficient absorption of the active ingredients. Furthermore, some application devices are equipped with flow rate adjustment and timer functions to supply the appropriate amount of flowering agent according to the characteristics of the target plant. Such application devices maximize the promotion of flowering in plants and can be flexibly applied according to the application and environmental conditions.

[0082] In another aspect, the Disclosure provides a kit comprising a flowering agent of the Disclosure, an application device for applying the flowering agent, and a container capable of containing a plant or a portion thereof to be applied. The flowering agent of the Disclosure may employ any embodiment described elsewhere in this Specification. The application device for applying the flowering agent and the container capable of containing a plant or a portion thereof to be applied may employ any embodiment described elsewhere in this Specification.

[0083] In certain embodiments, the application device for applying the flowering agent of this disclosure and a container capable of containing the plant or a part thereof to be applied may be provided in a kit so as to be appropriately arranged or connected to each other. For example, the application device may be integrally incorporated into the container, or the application device and the container may be detachably connected. This simplifies the application of the flowering agent and facilitates its application to the plant. In another embodiment, the flowering agent itself may be included. In this case, the flowering agent may be pre-filled in the application device, or it may be sealed in a separate container. In another embodiment, the kit of this disclosure may also include instructions describing how to use the flowering agent and the amount to be applied. This allows the user to use the flowering agent in an appropriate manner, and more effective flowering promotion can be expected.

[0084] Specific configurations can be considered as follows: In one example, if the application device is a spray bottle and the container is a flowerpot: the spray bottle is designed to be attached directly to the flowerpot or placed near it. In another example, if the application device is a dropper and the container is a test tube: the dropper is designed to fit the mouth of the test tube, allowing for the precise administration of the flowering agent. In yet another example, if the application device is an irrigation tube and the container is a planter: the irrigation tube is placed inside the planter, allowing for the direct supply of the flowering agent to the roots of the plant. These configurations are merely examples, and various configurations are possible depending on the type of plant, cultivation method, and type of flowering agent. The important thing is that the application device and container are properly positioned or connected so that the user can easily and effectively use the flowering agent. The materials of the kit also need to be considered. It is important to select materials that do not affect the plants or flowering agents, as well as durability, safety, and environmental considerations. As described above, providing the application device and container as a kit is expected to enhance the convenience and effectiveness of the flowering agent.

[0085] In another aspect, the Disclosure provides a method for causing a plant to bloom, comprising providing the flowering agent of the Disclosure within a closed space including a predetermined part of the plant.

[0086] Providing a flowering agent within a closed space containing a specific part of the plant can be done to concentrate the flowering-promoting effect on that specific part, leading to more efficient flowering induction and reduced impact on the surrounding environment. A closed space refers to a state in which the flowering agent is somewhat isolated from the external environment, and is constructed using appropriate methods and materials depending on the type and size of the plant and the desired effect. For small plants, plastic containers, plastic bags, or test tubes can be used, while for large plants, covers that enclose part of the plant or a space that encloses the entire plant with plastic can be used. Although not limited to these methods, it is important to avoid excessive sealing and ensure adequate ventilation. The type (liquid, solid, gaseous, etc.), concentration, and application method (spraying, coating, irrigation, vaporization, etc.) of the flowering agent can be appropriately selected according to the type of plant and purpose, and those skilled in the art can dilute it to the appropriate concentration according to the instructions. Specific procedures include checking the plant's condition, constructing the closed space, diluting and applying the flowering agent, adjusting the environment within the closed space (temperature, humidity, light, etc.), and regularly observing the plant's condition and providing ventilation and water. For example, when using the product by spraying it on cut flowers, you can place the cut flowers, with their stems submerged in water, into a container, add the sprayed flowering agent, seal the container, and ventilate it after a few hours. When implementing this, it is preferable to adhere to practical considerations such as ventilation, temperature control, humidity control, light control, and observation. Since humidity tends to rise in enclosed spaces and can cause disease, regular ventilation may be necessary. In addition, high or low temperatures and excessive humidity can adversely affect plant growth and the effectiveness of the flowering agent. Depending on the plant species, the amount and quality of light can affect flower bud formation, so it is also important to create an appropriate light environment. By conducting regular observations and taking appropriate measures if any abnormalities are found, flowering can be promoted effectively and safely.

[0087] In one embodiment, the enclosed space used is a substantially sealed space. A substantially sealed space is preferable because, although not completely sealed, the internal temperature, humidity, gas concentration, or other conditions can be adjusted as needed. Specific examples include containers with openable and closable lids, storage rooms with vents, partially enclosed greenhouses, or transport containers equipped with control devices to maintain specific conditions.

[0088] In one embodiment, the concentration of the flowering agent in the gas phase within the closed space is preferably in the range of 1 / 100 to 100 times the theoretical value, taking experimental error into consideration. Specifically, for example, the ranges are: 0.04 μM to 400 μM, 0.1 μM to 1000 μM, 0.05 μM to 500 μM, 0.09 μM to 900 μM, 0.01 μM to 100 μM, 0.03 μM to 300 μM, 0.004 μM to 40 μM, 0.001 μM to 10 μM, 0.003 μM to 30 μM, 0.0004 μM to 4 μM, 0 Preferably, the range is 0.07 μM to 700 μM, 0.008 μM to 80 μM, 0.2 μM to 2000 μM, 0.0001 μM to 1 μM, 0.06 μM to 600 μM, 0.002 μM to 20 μM, 0.03 μM to 300 μM, 0.3 μM to 3000 μM, 0.0008 μM to 8 μM, and 0.02 μM to 200 μM. The experimental error includes the effects of temperature, humidity, airflow, adsorption, etc., as well as measurement error.

[0089] In one embodiment, the flowering agent of this disclosure is provided at a distance of 100 cm or less from a predetermined part of the plant. Specifically, it can be provided at distances such as 1 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, 35 cm, 40 cm, 45 cm, 50 cm, 55 cm, 60 cm, 65 cm, 70 cm, 75 cm, 80 cm, 85 cm, 90 cm, and 95 cm. Here, distance means the shortest distance from the release point of the flowering agent to the predetermined part of the plant. The predetermined part may be, for example, a flower bud, leaf, stem, or root. The method of providing the flowering agent may be, for example, spraying, coating, dropping, irrigation, vaporization, etc. By providing the flowering agent within these distance ranges, an effective effect on the plant can be expected.

[0090] In one embodiment, the plant body covered by this disclosure is a plant body or a part thereof with harvested petals or buds. Specifically, this includes cut flowers sold in florists and retail stores, floral materials used in flower arrangements, or petals and buds harvested for processing into dried flowers, preserved flowers, etc. Furthermore, the plant body covered by this disclosure is not limited to a specific plant species, but includes a wide range of flowering plants cultivated for ornamental purposes, such as peonies and tree peonies, as described herein. Here, "after harvest" means the state after being separated from the plant body, and may include other parts such as roots, stems, and leaves. For example, in the case of cut flowers, this includes petals, buds, stems, and leaves. In some cases, only petals or buds may be harvested. This disclosure aims to maintain and improve the quality of these harvested petals or buds, and is expected to have effects such as maintaining freshness, preventing discoloration, preserving fragrance, promoting flowering, and suppressing diseases. For example, the flowering agent is expected to have effects such as suppressing wilting of petals in cut flowers, preventing discoloration of petals in dried flowers, and promoting the opening of buds in flower arrangements. These effects can be achieved, for example, by applying the flowering agent of this disclosure to petals or buds. Methods of application include spraying, immersion, coating, and gas contact. Thus, this disclosure provides a technology for maintaining and improving the quality of a plant body or a part thereof that has petals or buds after harvest.

[0091] In one embodiment, a plant or a part thereof is placed in an environment (e.g., within the same substantially enclosed space) in which it can interact with other plants or parts thereof that have been treated with the flowering agent of the Disclosure, treated with the kit of the Disclosure, treated with the method of the Disclosure, or have flowered or whose flowering level has not decreased. This can further promote the flowering of other plants by the flowering-promoted plant or part thereof influencing other plants or parts thereof. The forms of interaction according to the present invention may include, but are not limited to, effects based on close proximity between plants (e.g., about 15 cm or less), interactions within the same substantially enclosed space, or physiological responses mediated by volatile plant hormones such as ethylene.

[0092] The above has been an explanation of this disclosure, but this disclosure is not limited to the foregoing, and various modifications are possible as long as they do not deviate from the intent of this disclosure. [Examples]

[0093] The present disclosure will be explained in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present disclosure is not limited by the following examples, and it is certainly possible to implement it with appropriate modifications to the extent that it is in line with the spirit of the above and below, and all such modifications are included in the technical scope of the present disclosure.

[0094] (Example 1) This example demonstrates the provision of methyl jasmonate as a flowering agent for peonies. (Materials and Methods) (Peony) The following peonies were used. Variety: Sarah Belle (Paeonia lactiflora). I purchased 10 stems of 80cm-sized cut flowers from an online cut flower wholesaler (Purchase date = Day 1). (reagent) Reagent: Methyl jasmonate (abbreviated as MeJA): Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (±)-α-tocopherol (containing approximately 100 ppm): Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation Ethanol (EtOH): Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Glucose: Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation Caisson CG: Rohm & Haas Japan Co., Ltd. Methylchloroisothiazolinone: Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation Drugs containing methylisothiazolinone as the active ingredient: Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation Aluminum sulfate: Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation Filter paper: AS ONE Corporation, 2-870-02, Qualitative filter paper (Azfil), 9cm diameter (method) Before exposure, the peony cut flowers were trimmed to a total length of 55 cm, and the leaves submerged in the water were removed. At the start of the experiment, the peony flower buds were still tightly closed (not yet opened) before cutting. The flower buds were not washed. Exposure (pretreatment, Day 1) was performed by placing five peony cut flowers in a bucket of tap water and then placing the bucket in a 70L acrylic sealed chamber. 1) Control: 650 μL of EtOH was dropped onto filter paper. 2) 4 μL of MeJA exposure, 650 μL of EtOH + 72 μL of MeJA (the reagent concentration was 85.0%+) was dropped onto filter paper. Each of these was placed in a 70L acrylic sealed chamber along with cut flowers (5 stems). As a post-treatment, 24 hours after the enclosed time, the cut flowers were removed from the chamber and treated with water containing 10 g / L glucose, 0.5 mL / L caisson CG, and 0.05 g / L aluminum sulfate for each of the five cut flowers. Flowering surveys were conducted for a maximum of 11 days from the start of post-treatment. For the containers, 500 mL of solution was placed in 500 mL conical beakers, and one peony flower was inserted into each container. The flowering survey was conducted at 23°C, 70% relative humidity, 12-hour photoperiod, and PPFD 10 μmol / m² / s. The degree of flowering (flowering: outer petals unfold vertically or more; full bloom: central petals also unfold), fresh weight, and container + solution weight were measured. Photographs were also taken. (result) Figures 1-3 and Table 1 below show the results of the evaluation of the degree of flowering.

[0095] [Table 1]

[0096] Furthermore, regarding relative fresh weight and water absorption, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the methyl jasmonate-treated group showed higher results compared to the untreated group (control group) at all treatment durations. In addition, as shown in Table 1 and Figure 3, in the untreated group (control group), only one out of five plants bloomed, whereas in the methyl jasmonate-treated group, all five plants bloomed. Moreover, three of these plants developed their central petals and reached full bloom.

[0097] (Consideration) The advantages of the method of this disclosure, as shown in this embodiment, are demonstrated below in comparison with the prior art. 1) Previous test results had shown that loosening the cutting time increases the flowering rate, but if the plants were shipped with loose cutting time at the production site, flowering would progress during transport and the quality would deteriorate. Therefore, it was necessary to ship them with as tight cutting time as possible. In contrast, this example showed that flowering would occur even when shipped with tight cutting time. 2) In this example, after post-treatment with carbohydrates and antibacterial agents, 4 out of 5 plants in the control group failed to flower, which indicates the effect of methyl jasmonate in this example. 3) Furthermore, since the flower buds were not washed in this embodiment, the effectiveness of not requiring washing was demonstrated in Example 1, which also demonstrates an advantage compared to the conventional technology.

[0098] (Example 1A) This example shows a case in which peony was pre-treated with methyl jasmonate before water absorption. (Materials and Methods) (Peony) The following peonies were used. Variety: Banka Hill (Paeonia lactiflora) I ordered 80cm standard cut flowers, specifying that they should be firm (with an appearance like a ping-pong ball). (Before cutting) Total length 55cm (Pre-processing) Processing area (Pre-processing day = Day 0) (1) Pure water (cont) (2) 500 μM MeJA (MeJA) (Pre-treatment method) Untreated (1): Cut flowers were placed in pure water. MeJA(2): 66 μL of MeJA was added to 500 mL of pure water and stirred, then cut flowers were placed in the solution. (Pre-processing time) 22 hours (Post-processing) pure water Number of items processed: 7 per section (Flowering survey) 23°C, 70% relative humidity, 12-hour day length, PPFD 10 μmol / m² 2 / s

[0099] (result) Figures 4 and 5 and Table 2 show the results of the evaluation of the degree of flowering. In the plots treated with methyl jasmonate, the relative fresh weight and bud diameter of cut flowers were significantly greater compared to the plots that were not treated with methyl jasmonate (see Figure 4). Figure 5 shows the condition 8 days after pretreatment (the 7 individuals on the left are cont, and the 7 individuals on the right are MeJA treated).

[0100] [Table 2]

[0101] As shown in Table 2, in the group that was not treated with methyl jasmonate, 3 out of 7 plants flowered, whereas in the group that was treated with methyl jasmonate, all 7 plants flowered. (Consideration) 1) It was found that methyl jasmonate can be used in the same way as in Example 1 even when treated with liquid absorption. 2) It was found that the same effect as in Example 1 could be obtained even if the post-treatment was done with water.

[0102] (Example 1B) This example demonstrates a transportation simulation performed during the flowering of peonies. (Materials and Methods) (Peony) The following peonies were used. Variety: Banka Hill I ordered 80cm standard cut flowers, specifying that they should be firm (with an appearance like a ping-pong ball). (Before cutting) Total length 55cm (Pre-processing) Processing area (Pre-processing day = Day 0) (1) Unprocessed (cont) (2) 40 μM MeJA (MeJA) (Pre-treatment method) Untreated (1): Not placed in the chamber. MeJA(2): Add 650 μL EtOH + 720 μL MeJA dropwise to filter paper in a petri dish and enclose it in a 70 L chamber. (Processing time) 17 hours (Transportation simulation) After pre-processing, the 9 pieces were bundled together, wrapped in newspaper up to the top, and then packed into cardboard boxes for dry horizontal transport. The boxes were separated by processing area. Two bundles were placed in each box. (Transportation simulation conditions) 15℃, 80% RH setting, dark, 4 days (Post-treatment) Pure water I trimmed it back by 5cm before arranging it in a vase. Number of items processed: 18 per district (Flowering survey) 23°C, 70% relative humidity, 12-hour day length, PPFD 10 μmol / m² 2 / s

[0103] (result) The results of evaluating the degree of flowering are shown in Table 3 and Figure 6 below. During the transport simulation, cut flowers that had progressed to flowering occurred in bundle 1 of cont (top), while those in the other bundles remained in bud (bottom) (see Figure 6).

[0104] [Table 3]

[0105] Table 3 shows that in bundle 1 (cont bundle 1), which contained individuals that had already begun flowering during the transport simulation, all 9 individuals flowered, while in bundle 2, only 3 out of 9 individuals flowered. In the MeJA treatment, all individuals in both bundles flowered. Note that the "*" indicates that two individuals that developed gray mold early in the post-treatment period were excluded.

[0106] In the bundle containing plants that had progressed in flowering during the transport simulation (cont bundle 1), the relative fresh weight and bud diameter were larger compared to cont bundle 2. In the MeJA treatment, both bundles showed increased relative fresh weight and bud diameter (see Figure 7).

[0107] Figure 8 shows the condition 5 days after post-treatment. In bundle 1, flowering is progressing, while in bundle 2, some individuals remain in bud. In the MeJA section, flowering is progressing in both bundles. (Consideration) 1) It was found that methyl jasmonate could be exposed to the same effect as in Example 1 even if the exposure treatment was performed before the transport simulation. 2) It was found that cut peony flowers that have bloomed or whose blooming level has not decreased have the effect of causing cut peony flowers with tight buds to bloom. It was found that they need to be kept together for a certain period of time for this effect to occur. 3) It was found that the same effect as in Example 1 could be obtained even if the post-treatment was done with water.

[0108] (Example 1C) This example demonstrates producer treatment and intermediary treatment during the flowering of peonies. (Materials and Methods) (Peony) The following peonies were used. Variety: Sarah Bellows I ordered 80cm standard cut flowers, specifying that they should be firm (with an appearance like a ping-pong ball). (Before cutting) Total length 55cm (Processing area) (Producer → Intermediary) (Processing start = Day 0) (1) No treatment → No treatment (2) Untreated → 40 μM MeJA (3) 40 μM MeJA → Untreated (Processing method) Untreated: Do not place in the chamber. Place MeJA in a 70L chamber → Add 650μL EtOH + 720μL MeJA dropwise onto filter paper in a petri dish and enclose it in the 70L chamber. (Processing time) 24-hour processing (Transportation simulation) After pre-treatment, the boxes are wrapped in newspaper, packed into cardboard boxes, and transported horizontally using a dry crate method. The boxes were separated by processing area. 15℃, 80% RH setting, dark, 4 days (Post-processing) pure water Number of items processed: 4 per section (Flowering survey) 23℃, relative humidity 70%, 12-hour photoperiod, PPFD 10μmol / m2 / s

[0109] (result) Table 4 below shows the results of the evaluation of the degree of flowering.

[0110] [Table 4]

[0111] As shown in Table 4, in the group not treated with methyl jasmonate, only 1 out of 4 plants flowered, while in the group treated with methyl jasmonate by an intermediate company, 2 out of 4 plants flowered, and in the group treated with methyl jasmonate by a producer, all 4 plants flowered. (Consideration) 1) It was found that methyl jasmonate provides the same effect as in Example 1, both before and after transport. 2) It was found that the same effect as in Example 1 could be obtained even if the post-treatment was done with water.

[0112] (Example 2: Other Peony) This example demonstrates whether similar effects can be observed with other peony varieties besides Sarah Belle (Takinosho, Dinner Plate, and Yakorus). (material and method) This follows the procedure in Example 1. (result) Similar results to those in Example 1 are expected. (Consideration) The effectiveness of the flowering agent disclosed herein will be demonstrated across different varieties.

[0113] (Example 3: Similar drugs other than MeJA) This example aims to demonstrate whether similar effects can be achieved with jasmonic acids other than MeJA. (Materials and Methods) In this example, we will demonstrate whether similar effects are observed with functionally similar drugs other than MeJA (expansin and factors that increase the level of at least one enzyme, xyloglucan endotransglycosylase / hydrolase (XTH)). Jasmonic acid and prohydrojasmon are used as medications. Otherwise, the procedure is the same as in Example 1. In addition to exposure treatment of the entire cut flower (using the same method as in Example 1), the flower buds are also sprayed with the solution, and the stems are allowed to absorb the solution. (result) Similar results to those in Example 1 are expected. (Consideration) The above-mentioned drug has been shown to have the same effect as methyl jasmonate.

[0114] (Example 4: Plants other than peonies) This example aims to demonstrate whether similar effects can be observed with plants (flowers) other than peonies. (Materials and Methods) In this example, lotus cut flowers are used as a flowering plant with problems in flowering, and treatment is performed by exposure or spraying of the flower buds. (result) Similar results to those in Example 1 are expected. (Consideration) The pesticide disclosed herein has been shown to have similar effects on plants other than peonies.

[0115] (Example 4A) This embodiment shows another example of the lotus. (Materials and Methods) (Lotus) The following lotus flowers were used. Variety: Joyo Ren I purchased it directly from the producer. (Before cutting) Total length 60cm (Pre-processing area) (Processing day = Day 0) (1) Unprocessed (cont) (2) Exposure to 40 μM MeJA (MeJA) (Pre-treatment method) Untreated (1): Not placed in the chamber. MeJA(2): Add 650 μL EtOH + 720 μL MeJA dropwise to filter paper in a petri dish and enclose it in a 70 L chamber. (Pre-processing time) 24 hours (Post-treatment) Water for keeping the flowers alive. pure water Number of items processed: 6 per section (Flowering survey) 23℃, relative humidity 70%, 12-hour photoperiod, PPFD 10μmol / m2 / s

[0116] (result) Figure 9 shows the results three days after pretreatment. It was found that the outer perianth was open in the MeJA group.

[0117] (Consideration) 1) It was found that the same effect as in Example 1 could be obtained for plants other than peonies. 2) It was found that the same effect as in Example 1 could be obtained even if the post-treatment was done with water.

[0118] (Example 5: Change in added ingredients) This example demonstrates that the same effect can be achieved by substituting the flowering agent additive used in Example 1 with a different one. (material and method) The experiment will use the same agents as in Example 1, but with sucrose or fructose as the sugar, 8-hydroquinoline sulfate as the antibacterial agent, and citric acid as the other agent. (result) Similar results to those in Example 1 are expected. (Consideration) The above-mentioned drugs are demonstrated to have a similar effect as additional components in that they reinforce the drugs of this disclosure.

[0119] (Example 6: Formulation of flowering agent) In this embodiment, we demonstrate that the flowering agent is effective even when it is in a solid state, not just a liquid form. (material and method) In this example, the same experiment as in Example 1 is carried out by absorbing methyl jasmonate into cotton wool. (result) Similar results to those in Example 1 are expected. (Consideration) It has been demonstrated that the above-mentioned medications have the same effect even when provided in solid form.

[0120] (Example 7: Examination of administration method) This disclosure investigates whether similar effects can be achieved using methods other than acrylic containers, such as spraying. (material and method) The same materials as in Example 1 were prepared, and the application methods used were spraying (dispensing) and sap absorption treatment through the stems. (result) Similar results to those in Example 1 are expected. (Consideration) The above-mentioned drugs have been demonstrated to have similar effects regardless of the method of application.

[0121] (Example 8: Variation in application site) In this embodiment, we investigate whether a similar effect can be observed by varying the spray position. (material and method) The flowering experiment will be conducted in accordance with Example 1, except that the application method will be changed to spraying directly onto the flowers and spraying onto the branches and leaves. (result) It is expected that the same results as in Example 1 will be obtained with any of the application methods. (Consideration) The above-mentioned drugs have been demonstrated to have similar effects regardless of the method of application.

[0122] (Example 9: Post-harvest treatment) In this embodiment, after harvesting, the above conditions are appropriately varied to confirm whether the same flowering effect can be obtained. (Materials and methods for creating abnormal environments) In this example, as an abnormal environment, the harvested produce is placed horizontally in a cardboard box and kept in darkness at 5-20°C for 2-5 days. Other than this condition, the experiment is conducted in accordance with Example 1. MeJA treatment is performed after the holding period. (result) It is expected that the same results as in Example 1 will be obtained with any of the application methods. (Consideration) The above-mentioned drugs have been demonstrated to have similar effects regardless of differences in abnormal environmental conditions.

[0123] (Example 10: Example of kit configuration) This embodiment shows an example of the kit configuration at the time of sale. In other words, the solution is provided in a dropper bottle that allows for the dispensing of a single dose using a dropper, or in an ampoule tube containing a single dose.

[0124] (Note) As described above, while the present disclosure has been illustrated using preferred embodiments thereof, it is understood that the scope of this disclosure should be interpreted solely by the claims. Patents, patent applications and other documents cited herein should be incorporated herein by reference as if their contents were specifically described herein. [Industrial applicability]

[0125] The flowering agent of this disclosure finds potential applications in industries related to floriculture.

Claims

1. A flowering agent containing jasmonic acid.

2. The flowering agent according to claim 1, wherein the jasmonic acids are methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid, or prohydrojasmone.

3. The flowering agent according to claim 1, wherein the jasmonic acid is methyl jasmonate.

4. A flowering agent containing a factor that increases the levels of expansin and at least one enzyme, xyloglucan endotransglycosylase / hydrolase (XTH).

5. The flowering agent according to claim 4, wherein the factor is a factor that increases the levels of both the enzyme expansin and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase / hydrolase (XTH).

6. The flowering agent according to claim 4, wherein the factor comprises at least one substance selected from methyl jasmonate, auxin, and ethylene.

7. The flowering agent according to claim 1, further comprising sugars.

8. The flowering agent according to claim 7, wherein the sugars include at least one selected from sucrose, glucose, and fructose.

9. The flowering agent according to claim 1, wherein the flowering agent exists in liquid form.

10. The flowering agent according to claim 1, wherein the flowering agent is provided to be sprayed.

11. The flowering agent according to claim 1, wherein the flowering agent is provided to the target in part or all as a gas.

12. The flowering agent according to claim 1, wherein the flowering agent is provided to the target in part or all as a liquid.

13. The flowering agent according to claim 1, wherein the flowering agent is provided to the target by spray application.

14. The flowering agent according to claim 1, wherein the flowering agent is in a dosage form suitable for being provided to a target that is placed in the same substantially enclosed space as the target during transport.

15. The flowering agent according to claim 1, wherein the flowering agent is applied to a plant or a part thereof.

16. The flowering agent according to claim 15, wherein the application to the plant or a part thereof is performed before and / or after harvesting the plant or a part thereof, and / or during distribution.

17. The flowering agent according to claim 15, wherein the plant body is a plant that does not flower easily.

18. The flowering agent according to claim 15, wherein the plant body has reduced flowering ability after harvesting.

19. The flowering agent according to claim 15, wherein the plant material provided is an ornamental plant.

20. The flowering agent according to claim 15, wherein the plant body is a plant having petals.

21. The flowering agent according to claim 15, wherein the plant body is an angiosperm.

22. The flowering agent according to claim 15, wherein the plant body is of the Paeoniaceae family or the Nelumbo family.

23. The flowering agent according to claim 15, wherein the plant body is selected from the group consisting of peonies and lotuses.

24. The flowering agent according to claim 15, wherein the plant body is a plant body whose flowering level has decreased.

25. The flowering agent according to claim 15, wherein the plant or a part thereof is a plant or a part thereof that has experienced an abnormal environment.

26. The flowering agent according to claim 25, wherein the aforementioned experience is carried out during the distribution or storage of the plant or a part thereof.

27. The flowering agent according to claim 25, wherein the abnormal environment is at least one selected from (i) temperature 5 to 30°C, (ii) humidity 50 to 90%, and (iii) atmospheric pressure 0.8 to 1 atmosphere.

28. A kit comprising the flowering agent described in claim 1 and a container capable of containing the plant body or a part thereof to which it is applied.

29. A kit comprising the flowering agent described in claim 1 and an application device for applying the flowering agent.

30. A kit comprising the flowering agent described in claim 1, an application device for applying the flowering agent, and a container capable of containing the plant body or a part thereof to which the flowering agent is applied.

31. A method for causing a plant to bloom, comprising providing the flowering agent described in claim 1 within a closed space including a predetermined part of the plant.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein the closed space is a substantially sealed space.

33. The method according to claim 31, comprising providing a part or all of the flowering agent described in claim 1 to a plant or a part thereof as a gas.

34. The method according to claim 31, comprising providing a part or all of the flowering agent described in claim 1 to a plant or a part thereof as a liquid.

35. The method according to claim 31, comprising providing the flowering agent described in claim 1 to a plant or a part thereof by spray application.

36. The method according to claim 31, comprising providing the flowering agent described in claim 1 to a plant or a part thereof at a concentration of 0.1 μM to 1 mM per closed space.

37. The method according to claim 36, wherein the closed space is 30 L to 1000 L.

38. The method according to claim 31, comprising providing the flowering agent according to claim 1 at a distance of 100 cm or less from a predetermined part of the plant body.

39. The method according to claim 31, wherein the predetermined part of the plant body is a petal, stem, or leaf.

40. The method according to claim 31, wherein the plant body is a plant body having petals or buds after harvest.

41. The method according to claim 31, further comprising placing the plant or a part thereof in a distribution environment after harvesting.

42. The method according to claim 31, wherein the plant body is a plant that does not flower easily.

43. The method according to claim 31, wherein the plant body has a reduced flowering level after harvesting.

44. The method according to claim 31, wherein the plant provided is an ornamental plant.

45. The method according to claim 31, wherein the plant body is a plant having petals.

46. The method according to claim 31, wherein the plant body is an angiosperm.

47. The method according to claim 31, wherein the plant body is of the Paeoniaceae family or the Nelumbo family.

48. The method according to claim 31, wherein the plant body is selected from the group consisting of peonies and lotuses.

49. The method according to claim 31, wherein the plant body is a plant body that has experienced an abnormal environment.

50. The method according to claim 31, wherein the aforementioned experience is performed during the distribution or storage of the plant or a part thereof.

51. The method according to claim 49, wherein the abnormal environment is at least one selected from (i) temperature 5 to 30°C, (ii) humidity 50 to 90%, and (iii) atmospheric pressure 0.8 to 1 atmosphere.

52. A plant body or a part thereof to which the flowering agent described in claim 1 has been applied.

53. A plant body or part thereof according to claim 52, having petals or buds.

54. A plant body or part thereof according to claim 52, which is a petal or bud.

55. The plant body or a part thereof according to claim 51, wherein the provided plant body is an ornamental plant.

56. The plant body or a part thereof according to claim 51, wherein the plant body is an angiosperm.

57. The plant body or a part thereof according to claim 51, wherein the plant body is of the Paeoniaceae family or the Nelumbo family.

58. The plant body is selected from the group consisting of peonies and lotuses, or a part thereof, according to claim 51.

59. A method for causing a plant to flower, characterized by placing the plant or a part thereof in an environment (e.g., within the same substantially enclosed space) where it can interact with other plants or parts thereof that have been treated with the flowering agent described in claim 1, the kit described in claim 28, or the method described in claim 31.

60. A method for causing a plant to bloom, characterized by placing the plant or a part thereof within 15 cm of another plant or a part thereof that has been treated with the flowering agent described in claim 1, treated with the kit described in claim 28, or treated with the method described in claim 31.

61. A method for causing a plant to flower, characterized by placing the plant or a part thereof in an environment (e.g., within the same substantially enclosed space) in which it can interact with other plant or a part thereof that has flowered or whose flowering level has not decreased.

62. A method for causing a plant to bloom, characterized by placing the plant or a part thereof within 15 cm of another plant or a part thereof that has bloomed or whose flowering level has not decreased.

63. A method for causing a plant to bloom according to claim 59, wherein the plant or a part thereof and the other plant or a part thereof belong to the same family.

64. A method for causing a plant to bloom according to claim 60, wherein the plant or a part thereof and the other plant or a part thereof belong to the same family.

65. A method for causing a plant to flower according to claim 61 or 62, wherein the plant or a part thereof and the other plant or a part thereof belong to the same family.

66. A method for causing a plant to bloom according to claim 59, wherein the plant or a part thereof and the other plant or a part thereof are of the same variety.

67. A method for causing a plant to bloom according to claim 60, wherein the plant or a part thereof and the other plant or a part thereof are of the same variety.

68. A method for causing a plant to bloom according to claim 61 or 62, wherein the plant or a part thereof and the other plant or a part thereof are of the same variety.

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