Power supply and demand adjustment device, power supply and demand adjustment system, computer program for power supply and demand adjustment device, and power supply and demand adjustment method

Abstract

To provide a power supply and demand adjustment device that can maintain the balance of power supply and demand over a wide area and stably adjust power supply and demand. [Solution] In the power supply and demand adjustment system, the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 includes a regional total demand detection unit (netting unit 51) that detects the total amount of adjustment for each area based on the regional demand power (AR) requested for each of the multiple areas, a control share calculation unit 52 that distributes the regional total demand detected by the regional total demand detection unit and calculates the control share for each of the multiple areas, and a power supply command creation unit 53 that creates and outputs command values ​​for the multiple areas based on the control share calculated by the control share calculation unit 52, and the control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share based on the power flow constraints on the interconnection lines between the multiple areas that are to be controlled.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This embodiment relates to a power supply and demand adjustment device, a power supply and demand adjustment system, a computer program for a power supply and demand adjustment device, and a power supply and demand adjustment method for controlling the supply and demand of a power grid. [Background technology]

[0002] To ensure a stable power supply, it is necessary to control the supply and demand of the power grid. Among these types of power grid supply and demand control systems, power supply and demand adjustment systems that use load frequency control (LFC) and economic load allocation control (EDC) are well-known. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001-238355 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-306770 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-060325 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-030151 [Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-187099 [Patent Document 6] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-022320 [Patent Document 7] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-027629 [Patent Document 8] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-097424 [Patent Document 9] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-129433 [Patent Document 10] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-165295 [Patent Document 11] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2023-084240 [Patent Document 12] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2024-088056

Summary of the Invention

Problem to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] Due to the recent liberalization of the electricity market, new power providers have entered the power business, leading to more complex power supply and power consumption than before. For this reason, it is necessary to efficiently adjust the power demand and power supply (hereinafter collectively referred to as "power supply and demand adjustment"). To efficiently perform power supply and demand adjustment, such adjustment is carried out over a wide area. Furthermore, it is preferable to avoid the uneven distribution of adjustment capacity required for power supply and demand adjustment in a specific area.

[0005] Along with the legal separation of general power transmission and distribution providers, the operation of a supply-demand adjustment market, where general power transmission and distribution providers procure adjustment capacity, started in April 2021. The supply-demand adjustment market is required to satisfy the following requirements: ensuring the neutrality of market operation and the transparency of prices; realizing efficient supply-demand adjustment utilizing the market mechanism; and stably procuring the required adjustment capacity. To achieve these, studies are being promoted on measures such as the disclosure of supply-demand adjustment market prices, power generation based on merit order, the utilization of power sources and demand response from entities other than conventional general electric utilities, and methods for evaluating power sources with high adjustment flexibility (power sources for frequency adjustment). For the smooth introduction of the supply-demand adjustment market, it is also necessary to ensure fairness and transparency in the procurement and operation of adjustment capacity.

[0006] Along with the recent reform of the power system, the power generation, power transmission and distribution, and retail businesses of current electric power companies have been legally separated, dividing the business into power transmission and distribution, power generation, and retail businesses. When existing electric power companies performed supply-demand and frequency adjustment, they secured the necessary supply-demand adjustment capacity within their own organizations. However, due to the recent separation of the power generation business and the power transmission and distribution business, power providers may in some cases secure supply-demand adjustment capacity through the supply-demand adjustment market.

[0007] As market participants and system operators, electric power operators perform supply-demand and frequency adjustment based on merit order in a neutral position. Electric power operators purchase or sell products in the supply-demand adjustment market to perform supply-demand and frequency adjustment.

[0008] As product menus in the supply-demand adjustment market, a plurality of products corresponding to controls with different adjustment speeds are prepared. As an example, the product menu in the supply-demand adjustment market is divided into 5 categories corresponding to "primary adjustment capacity", "secondary adjustment capacity", and "tertiary adjustment capacity" for each control category.

[0009] Conventionally, in the power system of each area, control and operation of supply-demand adjustment capacity have been performed based on the area requirement (AR) of the own area by a power supply-demand control device for each area. In the future, wide-area procurement and wide-area operation of electric power will be started through the supply-demand adjustment market. Furthermore, studies are underway on a next-generation central supply-demand system that performs integrated supply-demand control across the entire country. At present, development is progressing on a next-generation central supply-demand system that integrates the central supply-demand systems of 9 general power transmission and distribution business operators, excluding the Okinawa area which is not connected by inter-regional interconnection lines.

[0010] In future wide-area procurement and wide-area operation of electric power, the area requirement (AR) in the power system of each area will be netted, and the netted area requirement (AR) will be instructed to the power system of each area as a control amount. Furthermore, as mentioned above, there is a possibility that power control based on merit order on a nationwide scale will be performed by the next-generation central supply-demand system that performs integrated supply-demand control across the entire country. However, when commands related to control amounts are issued for multiple areas or a nationwide area through wide-area procurement and wide-area operation of electric power, there has been a problem that adjustment capacity is unevenly distributed in certain areas, making it difficult to ensure control performance.

[0011] In addition, due to the liberalization of electric power, a market (simultaneous market) that simultaneously trades required electric energy (kWh) and adjustment capacity (ΔkW) is also being considered. For this reason, there has been a problem that adjustment capacity may decrease due to congestion between areas or imbalance between areas caused by wide-area procurement, wide-area operation, or nationwide supply-demand adjustment, making it impossible to ensure control performance.

[0012] Due to the wide-area procurement and operation of electricity, or nationwide supply and demand adjustments, specifically with the future expansion of non-regulated power sources such as renewable energy sources, a deterioration in control performance, such as increased frequency fluctuations, is anticipated.

[0013] Due to wide-area procurement and operation of electricity, or nationwide supply and demand adjustments, control load sharing will be calculated based on individual merit order lists, and further, based on nationwide merit order lists. This is expected to lead to an uneven distribution of surplus adjustment capacity across areas and a deterioration in control performance. In addition, since control related to the allocation of adjustment capacity in the event of area division will be local control only, it is expected that the interconnection lines between areas within the divided area will not be effectively utilized.

[0014] Due to wide-area power procurement, wide-area operation, or nationwide supply and demand adjustments, it is anticipated that AR calculations will not be performed using system constants that correspond to the supply and demand balance, resulting in inappropriate control that differs from the actual AR. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the system constants for each area will not be taken into account in the area-specific AR and the AR after netting using wide-area LFC, leading to a decrease in adjustment capacity and deterioration of control performance.

[0015] If electricity trading using renewable energy increases, and renewable energy output increases due to seasonal or weather conditions, output control (output curtailment) will be necessary, which could lead to wasted renewable energy output.

[0016] In view of the above-mentioned problems, this embodiment aims to provide a power supply and demand adjustment device, a power supply and demand adjustment system, a computer program for a power supply and demand adjustment device, and a power supply and demand adjustment method that can maintain the balance of power supply and demand over a wide area and stably adjust power supply and demand. [Means for solving the problem]

[0017] The power supply and demand adjustment device of this embodiment has the following features. (1) The system has a regional total power requirement detection unit that detects the total regional total power requirement, which is the sum of the adjustment amounts for each of the multiple areas subject to control, based on the regional power requirement (AR) requested for each of the multiple areas subject to control. (2) The system has a control share calculation unit that distributes the total regional demand detected by the regional total demand detection unit to each of the multiple areas that are subject to control, and calculates the control share of each of the multiple areas. (3) Each power command creation unit creates and outputs a command value for each of the multiple areas based on the control share amount for each of the multiple areas calculated by the control share amount calculation unit. (4) The control load calculation unit calculates the control load based on the power flow constraints on the interconnection lines between the multiple areas that are subject to control. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0018] [Figure 1] This figure shows a power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment, where the power supply and demand adjustment device is a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device. [Figure 2] This figure shows a power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment, where the power supply and demand adjustment device is a central power supply device. [Figure 3] A diagram showing the relationship between the power supply and demand adjustment device and each area according to the first embodiment. [Figure 4] This figure shows the operation flow of the power supply and demand control device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 5] This diagram shows the operation flow when the power supply and demand adjustment device according to the first embodiment is a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device. [Figure 6] This diagram shows the operation flow when the power supply and demand adjustment device is a central power supply device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 7] This figure shows the control logic of the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 8] This figure shows the individual merit order for each generator in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 9]This figure shows the control logic of the AR distribution method for the power supply and demand adjustment device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 10] This figure shows an overview of the wide-area LFC model in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 11] Block diagram illustrating the calculation according to the merit order in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 12] Diagram illustrating the distribution based on price difference ratio in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 13] This figure shows an example of adjustment costs used in a merit order manner for the upward and downward adjustment prices of each generator in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 14] This diagram shows the relationship between the power supply and demand adjustment device and each area when four systems, areas A to D, are interconnected, according to the first embodiment. [Figure 15] This diagram illustrates the AR adjustment (netting AR is positive) in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment, taking into account interconnection line power flow constraints. [Figure 16] This diagram illustrates AR adjustment (netting AR is negative) considering interconnection line power flow constraints in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 17] This diagram shows the relationship between the divided area and the power supply and demand adjustment device in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the second embodiment. [Figure 18] This diagram illustrates the grouping of areas when an area is divided in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the second embodiment. [Figure 19] This diagram illustrates the AR adjustment (netting AR is positive) in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the second embodiment, taking into account interconnection line power flow constraints when the area is divided. [Figure 20] This diagram illustrates the AR adjustment (netting AR is negative) in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the second embodiment, considering interconnection line power flow constraints when the area is divided. [Figure 21]This diagram illustrates the correction of AR (netting AR is positive) in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the third embodiment. [Figure 22] This diagram illustrates the correction of AR (netting AR is negative) in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the third embodiment. [Figure 23] This diagram illustrates the amount of control and electricity price related to spot power sources in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the fourth embodiment. [Figure 24] This diagram illustrates the time-based control amount and electricity price for spot power in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the fourth embodiment. [Figure 25] Diagram explaining product categories [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0019] [First Embodiment] [1-1. Structure] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, an example of this embodiment, a power supply and demand adjustment system, will be described. In this embodiment, if there are multiple devices or components with the same configuration, they will be described using the same number. Furthermore, when describing individual devices or components with the same configuration, they will be distinguished by adding an alphabetical subscript to the common number.

[0020] (1) Overall system configuration Figures 1 and 2 show the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment. The power supply and demand adjustment system 1 consists of a power supply and demand control device 2 and a power supply and demand adjustment device 5. In this embodiment, the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 includes the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 and the power supply and demand control device 2. A control area where supply and demand adjustment is controlled by one power supply and demand control device 2 is called one area. Two or more areas are called a wide area.

[0021] The power supply and demand adjustment device 5 may be implemented by a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or a central power supply device 570, which will be described later.

[0022] Figure 1 shows the overall system configuration when the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550. Figure 2 shows the overall system configuration when the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a central power supply device 570. Figure 3 shows the relationship between the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 and each area. As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is connected to power supply and demand control devices 2 in multiple areas.

[0023] The power system 9 comprises multiple generators 91, renewable energy power generation equipment 92, and detection devices 93. The power supply and demand control device 2 is connected to the multiple generators 91, renewable energy power generation equipment 92, and detection devices 93. Power system 9a is connected to other power systems 9b via interconnection lines 4. Each generator 91 is also connected to the power supply and demand control device 2 by detection signal lines 97 and control signal lines 98.

[0024] In the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment, the following data is input, output, transmitted / received, or stored. Hereafter, "regional demand power" may be referred to as "AR," "load frequency control" as "LFC (Load Frequency Control)," and "economic load distribution control" as "EDC (ELD; Economic Load Dispatch Control)." "Actual demand value" refers to the value of the power actually generated (power generation terminal value), not the power actually supplied. Data a1 (Generator output power value) Data b1 (Electricity generated from renewable energy sources) Data c1 (frequency change ΔF) Data c2 (Change in power flow ΔPT) Data d1 (Power generation target value) Data f1 (AR value) Data f2 (smoothed AR value) Data f3 (AR allocation value) Data g1 (EDC value) Data g2 (Individual Benefit Order List) Data g3 (LFC operating amount already used) Data h1 (Total regional demand) Data h1a (AR value after netting) Data h1b (ART value) Data h2 (control share) Data h3 (LFC control output command) Sometimes, data h1a (post-netting AR value) and data h1b (ART value) are collectively referred to as data h1 (total regional demand).

[0025] (2) Generator 91 The generator 91 is a power supply facility that generates electricity to be supplied to the power grid 9a. As an example, the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment has generators 91a to 91n. For example, generator 91a is composed of a high-speed machine such as a hydraulic machine with a fast rate of output change. For example, generator 91b is composed of a medium-speed machine such as an oil-fired power plant with a somewhat slow rate of output change. For example, generator 91n is composed of a low-speed machine such as a coal-fired power plant with an extremely slow rate of output change. Generator 91 may be composed of generators having any power generation speed.

[0026] The generator 91 is connected to the power supply and demand control device 2. The generator 91 transmits data a1 (generator power output value) to the power supply and demand control device 2 via the detection signal line 97. The generator 91 also receives data d1 (target power output value) from the power supply and demand control device 2 via the control signal line 98 and controls the power output based on data d1 (target power output value). Note that the number of generators 91a to 91n can be any number.

[0027] (3) Renewable energy power generation equipment 92 The renewable energy power generation equipment 92 is a power supply facility that generates electricity using natural energy sources such as solar and wind power, and supplies the generated electricity to the power grid 9a. As an example, the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment has renewable energy power generation equipment 92a to 92n. The renewable energy power generation equipment 92 transmits data b1 (renewable energy power generation value) to the power supply and demand control device 2. Note that the number of renewable energy power generation equipment 92a to 92n may be any number.

[0028] (4) Detection device 93 The detection device 93 is a measuring device that detects the amount of electricity in the power system 9a. The detection device 93 is located in the power system 9a. The detection device 93 detects data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF) and data c2 (power flow change amount ΔPT) related to the power system 9a in the interconnection line and transmits them to the power supply and demand control device 2.

[0029] If the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a central power supply device 570, the data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF) is transmitted to the central power supply device 570.

[0030] (5) Power supply and demand control device 2 The power supply and demand control device 2 is composed of a computer and the like. The power supply and demand control device 2 is located in a control room or the like where power is monitored and controlled. The power supply and demand control device 2 receives data a1 (generator power generation value) transmitted from the generator 91, data b1 (renewable energy power generation value) transmitted from the renewable energy power generation equipment 92, and data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF) and data c2 (power flow change amount ΔPT) related to the power system 9a in the interconnection line transmitted from the detection device 93. The power supply and demand control device 2 transmits data d1 (power generation target value) to the generator 91.

[0031] The power supply and demand control device 2 includes an input unit 21, an output unit 22, a target value creation unit 23, an AR calculation unit 24, an AR smoothing unit 25, an AR distribution unit 26, an EDC schedule calculation unit 27, an AR transmission unit 31, an information transmission unit 32, an LFC control output command receiving unit 33, and a switching unit 34.

[0032] The input unit 21, output unit 22, AR transmission unit 31, information transmission unit 32, and LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the power supply and demand control device 2 are composed of hardware. The target value creation unit 23, AR calculation unit 24, AR smoothing unit 25, AR distribution unit 26, EDC schedule calculation unit 27, and switching unit 34 are composed of software modules as functional blocks.

[0033] The input unit 21 is composed of a receiving circuit. The input side of the input unit 21 is connected to the generator 91 via the signal line 97, and the output side is connected to the target value creation unit 23. The input unit 21 receives data a1 (generator power output value) transmitted from the generator 91. The input unit 21 transmits data a1 (generator power output value) to the target value creation unit 23.

[0034] The output unit 22 is composed of a transmission circuit. The input side of the output unit 22 is connected to the target value creation unit 23, and the output side is connected to the generator 91 via a signal line 98. The output unit 22 transmits the data d1 (power generation target value) input from the target value creation unit 23 to the generator 91.

[0035] The target value creation unit 23 has its input side connected to the input unit 21, the switching unit 34, and the EDC schedule calculation unit 27, and its output side connected to the output unit 22. The target value creation unit 23 receives data a1 (generator power output value) from the input unit 21 and either data f3 (AR distribution value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) from the switching unit 34. The target value creation unit 23 receives data g1 (EDC value) from the EDC schedule calculation unit 27.

[0036] The target value creation unit 23 creates data d1 (power generation target value) based on data a1 (generator power generation value), data g1 (EDC value), and either data f3 (AR distribution value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) selected by the switching unit 34, and transmits it to the output unit 22.

[0037] The AR calculation unit 24 has its input side connected to the renewable energy power generation equipment 92 and the detection device 93, and its output side connected to the AR smoothing unit 25 and the AR transmission unit 31. The AR calculation unit 24 receives data b1 (renewable energy power generation value) from the renewable energy power generation equipment 92 and data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF) and data c2 (power flow change amount ΔPT) from the detection device 93.

[0038] The AR calculation unit 24 calculates the AR value based on data b1 (power value of renewable energy generation), data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), and data c2 (power change amount ΔPT), and transmits data f1 (AR value) to the AR smoothing unit 25 and the AR transmission unit 31.

[0039] The AR smoothing unit 25 is connected to the AR calculation unit 24 on its input side and to the AR distribution unit 26 on its output side. The AR smoothing unit 25 receives data f1 (AR value) from the AR calculation unit 24. Based on the data f1 (AR value), the AR smoothing unit 25 performs frequency decomposition and transmits data f2 (smoothed AR value) to the AR distribution unit 26.

[0040] The AR distribution unit 26 has its input side connected to the AR smoothing unit 25 and its output side connected to the switching unit 34. The AR distribution unit 26 receives data f2 (smoothed AR value) from the AR smoothing unit 25. Based on the data f2 (smoothed AR value), the AR distribution unit 26 calculates the power distribution for each generator 91 and transmits data f3 (AR distribution value) to the switching unit 34. The data f3 (AR distribution value) is the adjustment amount distributed to each generator 91 and is calculated based on the merit order of the generators 91.

[0041] Furthermore, the AR distribution unit 26 distributes data f3 (AR distribution value) according to the operating capacity of the generator 91. The operating capacity is, for example, the response time until the generator 91 is activated. The AR distribution unit 26 transmits data f3 (AR distribution value) to each target value creation unit 23 to the switching unit 34.

[0042] The AR transmission unit 31 is composed of a transmission circuit. The AR transmission unit 31 transmits the data f1 (AR value) calculated by the AR calculation unit 24 to the power supply and demand adjustment device 5.

[0043] The information transmission unit 32 consists of a transmission circuit and a storage device. The information transmission unit 32 transmits information related to pre-set and stored data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (already LFC operating amount) to the power supply and demand adjustment device 5.

[0044] The LFC control output command receiving unit 33 is composed of a receiving circuit. The LFC control output command receiving unit 33 receives data h3 (LFC control output command), which will be described later, from the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 and transmits it to the switching unit 34.

[0045] The switching unit 34 selects either data f3 (AR allocation value) transmitted from the AR allocation unit 26 or data h3 (LFC control output command) transmitted from the LFC control output command receiving unit 33, and transmits it to each of the target value creation units 23a to 23n.

[0046] The EDC schedule calculation unit 27 has its input side connected to the AR smoothing unit 25 and its output side connected to each target value creation unit 23. The EDC schedule calculation unit 27 receives data f2 (smoothed AR value) from the AR smoothing unit 25. The AR smoothing unit 25 may be located within the power supply and demand adjustment device 5.

[0047] The EDC schedule calculation unit 27 performs economic load allocation based on data f2 (smoothed AR value) and calculates data g1 (EDC value) for each generator 91 as the result of the economic load allocation calculation, based on the merit order of the generators 91.

[0048] Data g1 (EDC value) is the value of generated power that has been scheduled and allocated to each generator 91 in order to make the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 as a whole economical.

[0049] Furthermore, the EDC schedule calculation unit 27 allocates the area imbalance amount for EDC in its own area based on the merit order of the generators 91. The EDC schedule calculation unit 27 allocates the area imbalance amount in accordance with the EDC cycle.

[0050] Area imbalance is the difference between the amount of electricity allocated and the amount of electricity requested for a given area in a future time period. If the requested amount of electricity is greater than the allocated amount (i.e., the AR value is positive), it means a shortage of area imbalance = a shortage of electricity to be procured. Conversely, if the requested amount of electricity is less than the allocated amount (i.e., the AR value is negative), it means an excess of area imbalance = an excess of electricity to be procured.

[0051] The data g1 (EDC value) calculated and allocated by the EDC schedule calculation unit 27 is transmitted to the target value creation unit 23. The target value creation unit 23 creates data d1 (power generation target value) based on data a1 (generator power generation value), data g1 (EDC value), and either data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) selected by the switching unit 34, and transmits it to the output unit 22.

[0052] (6) Power supply and demand adjustment device 5 The power supply and demand adjustment device 5 may consist of a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or a central power supply device 570. The netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550, described later, and the ART calculation unit 71 and netting unit 51 of the central power supply device 570, described later, are sometimes collectively referred to as the regional total demand detection unit.

[0053] <When the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550> The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 shown in Figure 1 is composed of a computer system. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 is a higher-level control device that issues commands for control amounts over a wide area to the power supply and demand control devices 2 installed in each power system 9. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 is located in a control room or similar location that monitors and controls each power system 9.

[0054] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 includes a netting unit 51, a control load calculation unit 52, and a power supply command creation unit 53.

[0055] The netting unit 51 receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control device 2. Based on the data f1 (AR value) for each area, the netting unit 51 performs netting of AR values ​​in order to calculate the adjustment amount for the entire area. The operation of determining the control amount is called netting. The netting unit 51 transmits the netted AR value as data h1a (post-netting AR value) to the control share calculation unit 52.

[0056] The netting unit 51 is one embodiment of the regional total demand detection unit. Data h1a (AR value after netting) is one embodiment of data h1 (regional total demand). Data h1a (AR value after netting) is data relating to the regional demand for the entire area.

[0057] The control load calculation unit 52 receives data h1a (AR value after netting) from the netting unit 51. The control load calculation unit 52 also receives data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (already LFC operation amount) from the power supply and demand control device 2. Based on data h1a (AR value after netting), data g2 (individual merit order list), and data g3 (already LFC operation amount), the control load calculation unit 52 calculates the control load for each generator 91 in each area. The control load calculation unit 52 transmits the calculated control load as data h2 (control load) to each power command creation unit 53.

[0058] Each power command generation unit 53 receives data h2 (control load) from the control load calculation unit 52. Based on the data h2 (control load), each power command generation unit 53 calculates command values ​​for the generators 91 in each area. Each power command generation unit 53 transmits the calculated command values ​​for the generators 91 in each area as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area.

[0059] <When the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a central power supply device 570> The central power supply unit 570 shown in Figure 2 is composed of a computer system. The central power supply unit 570 is a higher-level control device that issues nationwide command control volume instructions to the power supply and demand control devices 2 installed in each power system 9. The central power supply unit 570 is located in a control room or similar facility that monitors and controls each power system 9.

[0060] The central power supply unit 570 includes an ART calculation unit 71, a netting unit 51, a control load calculation unit 52, a selection unit 72, and a power supply command creation unit 53.

[0061] The ART calculation unit 71 receives data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF) from the detection device 93. Based on the system constants for the entire system and data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), the ART calculation unit 71 calculates data h1b (ART value). The ART calculation unit 71 is one form of the regional total demand detection unit. Data h1b (ART value) is one form of data h1 (regional total demand). Data h1b (ART value) is data relating to the regional demand for the entire area. The ART calculation unit 71 transmits data h1b (ART value) to the control share calculation unit 52.

[0062] The netting unit 51 receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control device 2. Based on the data f1 (AR value) for each area, the netting unit 51 performs netting of AR values ​​in order to calculate the adjustment amount for the entire area. The operation of determining the control amount is called netting. The netting unit 51 transmits the netted AR value as data h1a (post-netting AR value) to the control share calculation unit 52.

[0063] The netting unit 51 is one embodiment of the regional total demand detection unit. Data h1a (AR value after netting) is one embodiment of data h1 (regional total demand). Data h1a (AR value after netting) is data relating to the regional demand for the entire area.

[0064] The control load calculation unit 52 receives data h1a (AR value after netting) from the netting unit 51 and data h1b (ART value) from the ART calculation unit 71. The control load calculation unit 52 also receives data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (already LFC operation amount) from the power supply and demand control device 2. Based on data h1a (AR value after netting) or data h1b (ART value), the control load calculation unit 52 calculates the control load for each area's generator 91 using data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (already LFC operation amount). The control load calculation unit 52 transmits the calculated control load as data h2 (control load) to the selection unit 72.

[0065] The selection unit 72 selects either data h2 (control load) calculated based on data h1b (ART value) or data h2 (control load) calculated based on data h1a (post-netting AR value), and transmits it to each power command creation unit 53.

[0066] Each power command generation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command), which is the command value for each area, based on the data h2 (control load) transmitted from the selection unit 72. The data h2 (control load) is calculated by the control load calculation unit 52 as the control load for each area and the control load for each generator 91 in each area. The data h3 (LFC control output command) is transmitted to the power supply and demand control device 2.

[0067] The above describes the configuration of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1.

[0068] [1-2. Effect] First, I will explain the general power supply and demand control methods currently in place.

[0069] [General power supply and demand control] The load on the power system fluctuates depending on the season and time of day. These load fluctuations can be categorized into the following three types: (a), (b), and (c). (i) Cyclic component: A small-period load fluctuation ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes is called a cyclic component. It is thought to be a superposition of pulsating components with various oscillation periods and small fluctuation amplitudes, as well as irregular fluctuation components. (b) Fringe: Short-period load fluctuations ranging from a few minutes to about 10 minutes are called fringe. (h) Sustaining component: Load fluctuations with a period of 10 minutes or more are called sustaining components.

[0070] Of the cyclic components, which are minute-period load fluctuations, extremely short-period load fluctuations are adjusted according to the load characteristics of the power grid. Of the cyclic components, load fluctuations with periods of several minutes or longer than those mentioned above are adjusted by the governors of power plants operating in governor-free mode. Of the cyclic components, load fluctuations with periods even longer than those mentioned above are controlled and adjusted by power supply and demand control devices installed in the power company's central dispatch center.

[0071] Fringe load fluctuations, which are short-period load fluctuations, are larger in magnitude than cyclic load fluctuations and cannot be adjusted by governor-free operation alone. Fringe load fluctuations are adjusted by Load Frequency Control (LFC), which controls the generator output based on the detected frequency deviation and power fluctuation.

[0072] Sustain load fluctuations, which are long-period load fluctuations, have a large magnitude and can be considered part of the load fluctuations in the daily load curve. Sustain load fluctuations cannot be adjusted to the desired power output by load frequency control (LFC) because the generator's power generation capacity is insufficient. Sustain load fluctuations are adjusted by economic load dispatch (EDC), which is the economical operation of the power plant.

[0073] Load Frequency Control (LFC) and Economic Load Allocation Control (EDC) are important functions of power supply and demand control devices installed in the central dispatch centers of power companies. LFC aims to maintain constant interconnection line power flow and grid frequency. Economic Load Allocation Control (EDC) aims to achieve the most economical power operation. Hereinafter, LFC and EDC will be collectively referred to as supply and demand control.

[0074] Load frequency control (LFC) is performed by adjusting the output of each generator in accordance with the grid frequency and the power flow in the interconnection lines with other grids. Output adjustment for load frequency control (LFC) is not performed on all generators, but rather on high-speed machines such as hydroelectric power plants and medium-speed machines such as oil-fired power plants that can respond to relatively rapid output fluctuations.

[0075] Load frequency control (LFC) output adjustment is generally not performed on low-speed machines such as coal-fired power plants, nuclear power units, or generators where output fluctuations should be avoided during operation. Load frequency control (LFC) is performed on each generator from the power supply and demand control device at the central dispatch center of each power company, and there is a delay of several tens of seconds before the output changes to the desired value.

[0076] Load frequency control (LFC) is classified into the following three types: (a) Constant Frequency Control (FFC): A control method that detects the frequency change (ΔF), adjusts the generator output to reduce ΔF, and controls the system to maintain only the grid frequency at a specified value. (b) Constant Power Control (FTC): A control method that detects the change in power flow (ΔPT) in the interconnection line, adjusts the output of the generator to reduce ΔPT, and controls the system to maintain only the power flow in the interconnection line at a specified value. (c) Frequency Bias Interconnection Line Power Control (TBC): A control method that detects the change in frequency (ΔF) and the change in power flow in the interconnection line (ΔPT), calculates the regional power requirement (AR), and controls the output of the generator according to the regional power requirement (AR).

[0077] <General frequency-biased interconnection power control (TBC) and constant-frequency control (FFC)> Frequency-biased interconnection line power control (TBC) and constant-frequency control (FFC) are employed in Japan. TBC and FFC are controlled from power supply and demand control devices installed in the central dispatch centers of each power company to each generator. The control related to TBC and FFC is carried out according to the following procedure.

[0078] (Procedure m1: Calculation of Regional Power Demand (AR)) In the case of frequency-biased interconnection power control (TBC), the regional power requirement (AR) is calculated based on the frequency change (ΔF) and the interconnection power flow change (ΔPT). AR = -K·ΔF + ΔPT ...(Formula 1-1) AR:Regional power requirement [MW] K: System constant [MW / Hz] ΔF: Frequency deviation [Hz] ΔPT: Interconnection current change [MW] Interconnection line power flow change (ΔPT) is the change in power flow in the interconnection line. In the above equation (Equation 1-1), the power flow direction of the power flowing into the system is assumed to be a positive value. If the value of regional power demand (AR) is positive, the output of the power generation units in the entire system is increased. If the regional power demand (AR) is negative, the output of the power generation units in the entire system is decreased.

[0079] In the case of constant frequency control (FFC), the regional power requirement (AR) is calculated based on the frequency change (ΔF). AR = -K·ΔF ...(Formula 1-2) AR:Regional power requirement [MW] K: System constant [MW / Hz] ΔF: Frequency deviation [Hz] If the Regional Power Demand (AR) value is positive, the output of power generation units in the entire grid will be increased. If the Regional Power Demand (AR) value is negative, the output of power generation units in the entire grid will be decreased.

[0080] (Procedure m2: Filtering regional power demand (AR)) Based on past regional power demand (AR), filtering is performed using exponential smoothing or similar methods to calculate the adjustment amount for allocating regional power demand (AR) to low-speed and high-speed machines. Machines with slow output change rates, such as thermal power generators, are considered low-speed machines. Machines with fast output change rates, such as hydroelectric power generators, are considered high-speed machines. Alternatively, the regional power demand (AR) can be frequency-decomposed, and the adjustment amount can be calculated to allocate power with short fluctuation periods to high-speed machines and power with long fluctuation periods to low-speed machines.

[0081] (Procedure m3: Distribution to the generator) The regional demand for power (AR) is filtered or frequency-decomposed, and the calculated adjustment amount is allocated to each generator. The allocation is performed for all generators undergoing supply and demand adjustment, based on the generator's output change rate or output margin, separately for low-speed and high-speed generators.

[0082] (Procedure m4: Calculation of target command value) The target command value for each generator is calculated. The target command value for each generator is calculated by adding the allocated regional demand power (AR) and the EDC schedule or current output calculated by Economic Load Distribution Control (EDC). The target command value may be set within upper and lower limits established so as not to deviate from certain standard values.

[0083] (Step m5: The generator output fluctuates) Upon receiving the target command value, each generator adjusts its output. As a result, the grid frequency and interconnection line current change. Then, the process returns to step m1 and the above procedure is repeated.

[0084] <General Economic Load Allocation (EDC)> Economic Load Coordination (EDC) is applied to slow power load fluctuations observed in the daily load curve. These slow power load fluctuations can be predicted with high accuracy based on historical data. The control amount for each generator involved in Economic Load Coordination (EDC) is calculated to minimize fuel costs in response to the predicted power load fluctuations. Generally, the equal-increment fuel cost law (equal-λ method) is used to calculate the control amount for each generator involved in Economic Load Coordination (EDC).

[0085] The following describes an example of the equal-increment fuel cost law (equal-λ method), which is widely used by Japanese power companies. Economic load distribution control (EDC) is performed on each generator from the power supply and demand control device installed in the central dispatch center of each power company. The control related to economic load distribution control (EDC) is carried out according to the following procedure.

[0086] (Step n1: Setting the initial value of λ) Set an initial value for λ, which corresponds to the fuel cost for the incremental fuel.

[0087] (Procedure n2: Calculation of control values ​​for each generator) Next, the control amount for each generator is calculated to be equal to λ, which corresponds to the fuel cost for the incremental fuel. The control amount is set to the minimum output value if it is below the minimum output value, and to the maximum output value if it is above the maximum output value.

[0088] (Step n3: Calculation of the total output power) Next, calculate the sum of the output power from each generator.

[0089] (Step n4: Resetting λ) If the sum of the output powers calculated in step n3 is less than the load, increase λ; if the sum of the output powers exceeds the load, decrease λ and reset λ. Repeat steps n2 to n4 until the difference between the sum of the output powers and the load falls within a certain value.

[0090] With the recent reforms to the power system, the current power companies' generation, transmission and distribution, and retail businesses will be legally separated into transmission and distribution, generation, and retail businesses. Traditionally, when adjusting power supply and demand and frequency, power companies secured the necessary supply and demand adjustment capacity within their own companies. With the power system reforms, power companies will now secure supply and demand adjustment capacity through the supply and demand adjustment market. As an example, the product menu in the supply and demand adjustment market is planned as five categories corresponding to "primary adjustment capacity," "secondary adjustment capacity," and "tertiary adjustment capacity" for each control category, as shown in Figure 25.

[0091] Ancillary services are the operations that ensure high-quality power supply, such as maintaining the frequency of the entire grid. Traditionally, ancillary services were performed by general electric utilities using their own generators. Under the new licensing system based on the supply and demand adjustment market, future ancillary services will be performed by general transmission and distribution companies.

[0092] In future ancillary services, power sources necessary for ensuring power quality will be procured by general transmission and distribution operators from power generators and other entities as balancing power, and the costs required to secure balancing power will be recovered by the general transmission and distribution operators as transmission charges. This system is expected to promote the participation and competition of diverse power generators and other entities, leading to an increase in the amount of electricity that can be procured as balancing power, improved power quality, and more efficient utilization of balancing power. This system is based on the premise that the procurement of balancing power will be carried out by general transmission and distribution operators while ensuring fairness and transparency. The specific details of the procedures are left to each general transmission and distribution operator.

[0093] Going forward, general transmission and distribution operators will be required to ensure a high-quality power supply across the entire grid. Since supply and demand adjustment capacity will be secured through the supply and demand adjustment market, general transmission and distribution operators will perform supply and demand adjustments and frequency adjustments based on merit orders.

[0094] Traditionally, in each area's power grid, power supply and demand control devices for each area controlled and operated supply and demand adjustment capabilities based on the regional demand (AR) of that area. In the future, wide-area procurement and operation of electricity will begin through the supply and demand adjustment market. In future wide-area procurement and operation of electricity, the regional demand (AR) in each area's power grid will be netted, and the netted regional demand (AR) will be instructed to each area's power grid as a control amount for load frequency control (LFC), as shown in Figures 7 and 8.

[0095] As mentioned above, the next-generation centralized supply and demand control system, which will control supply and demand nationwide, may enable nationwide power control based on merit orders. However, when power is procured and operated across a wide area, and control commands are issued to multiple areas or even nationwide areas, there is a problem that adjustment power becomes unevenly distributed in certain areas, making it difficult to ensure control performance.

[0096] Furthermore, with the liberalization of the electricity market, a simultaneous market is being considered where the required amount of electricity (kWh) and adjustment capacity (ΔkW) are traded at the same time. However, this has raised concerns that adjustment capacity may be reduced and control performance may not be ensured due to congestion or imbalances between areas resulting from wide-area procurement and operation of electricity, or nationwide supply and demand adjustments.

[0097] Due to the wide-area procurement and operation of electricity, or nationwide supply and demand adjustments, specifically with the future expansion of non-regulated power sources such as renewable energy sources, a deterioration in control performance, such as increased frequency fluctuations, is anticipated.

[0098] Due to wide-area procurement and operation of electricity, or nationwide supply and demand adjustments, control load sharing will be calculated based on individual merit order lists, and further, based on nationwide merit order lists. This is expected to lead to an uneven distribution of surplus adjustment capacity across areas and a deterioration in control performance. In addition, since control related to the allocation of adjustment capacity in the event of area division will be local control only, it is expected that the interconnection lines between areas within the divided area will not be effectively utilized.

[0099] Due to wide-area power procurement, wide-area operation, or nationwide supply and demand adjustments, it is anticipated that AR calculations will not be performed using system constants that correspond to the supply and demand balance, resulting in inappropriate control that differs from the actual AR. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the system constants for each area will not be taken into account in the area-specific AR and the AR after netting using wide-area LFC, leading to a decrease in adjustment capacity and deterioration of control performance.

[0100] If electricity trading using renewable energy increases, and renewable energy output increases due to seasonal or weather conditions, output control (output curtailment) will be necessary, which could lead to wasted renewable energy output.

[0101] In order to ensure the control performance of power system 9, it is desirable that the control amount for load frequency control (LFC) is commanded in a way that does not cause the adjustment force to be unevenly distributed in a certain area.

[0102] The power supply and demand adjustment system and power supply and demand adjustment device according to this embodiment reduce the uneven distribution of adjustment power in a particular area, thereby maintaining a balance between power supply and demand over a wide area and achieving stable power supply and demand adjustment.

[0103] [Operation of Power Supply and Demand Adjustment System 1] Next, the operation of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment will be explained with reference to Figures 1 to 6. In the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment, power supply and demand control devices 2 in multiple areas are controlled in cooperation with the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 as shown in Figures 1 to 3. In this embodiment, two or more areas are referred to as wide areas. The supply and demand adjustment method in this embodiment mainly targets the product classification of secondary adjustment power related to the LFC function in Figure 25. The generator 91, which is the adjustment power source for supply and demand adjustment, includes not only thermal and hydroelectric power plants, but also storage batteries and DR, etc.

[0104] <Operation of Power Supply and Demand Control Device 2> Figure 4 shows the operation flow of the power supply and demand control device 2. The program shown in Figure 4 is built into the power supply and demand control device 2. The power supply and demand control devices 2, which are located in multiple areas in this embodiment, are instructed by the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 to send data h3 (LFC control output command). The power supply and demand control device 2 performs operations and calculations according to the following procedure.

[0105] (Step S20: Calculation of data f1 (AR value)) The detection device 93 detects data c1 (frequency change ΔF) and data c2 (power flow change ΔPT) related to the power system 9a in the interconnection line and transmits them to the power supply control device 2. If the power supply adjustment device 5 is a central power supply device 570, data c1 (frequency change ΔF) is transmitted to the central power supply device 570. The renewable energy power generation equipment 92 transmits data b1 (renewable energy power generation value) to the power supply control device 2.

[0106] The AR calculation unit 24 of the power supply and demand control device 2 receives the following signals. The following signal was transmitted from the detection device 93 Data c1 (frequency change ΔF) Data c2 (Change in power flow ΔPT) The following signal was transmitted from renewable energy power generation equipment 92. Data b1 (Electricity generated from renewable energy sources)

[0107] The AR calculation unit 24 calculates data f1 (AR value) based on data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (power flow change amount ΔPT), and data b1 (power value of renewable energy generation) using (Equation 1-1) or (Equation 1-2). Equations (1-1) and (1-2) are shown again below. In (Equation 1-1) and (Equation 1-2), AR is the data f1 (AR value). In the case of frequency-biased interconnection power control (TBC) AR = -K·ΔF + ΔPT ...(Formula 1-1) AR:Regional power requirement [MW] K: System constant [MW / Hz] ΔF: Frequency deviation [Hz] ΔPT: Interconnection current change [MW] In the above equation (Equation 1-1), the direction of power flow into the grid is assumed to be a positive value. The system constant K represents the ratio of required power per unit frequency.

[0108] In the case of constant frequency control (FFC) AR = -K·ΔF ...(Formula 1-2) AR:Regional power requirement [MW] K: System constant [MW / Hz] ΔF: Frequency deviation [Hz]

[0109] (Step S30: Sending data f1 (AR value)) The AR transmission unit 31 transmits the data f1 (AR value) calculated in step S20 to the power supply and demand adjustment device 5.

[0110] If the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550, the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area. The wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 also receives data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (previous LFC operation amount) from the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area. Based on data f1 (AR value), data g2 (individual merit order list), and data g3 (previous LFC operation amount), the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 calculates the adjustment amount for each area or the adjustment amount for each generator 91 in each area, and transmits it as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area.

[0111] If the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a central power supply device 570, the central power supply device 570 receives data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF) from the detection device 93. The central power supply device 570 also receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area. Based on the data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF) or data f1 (AR value), the central power supply device 570 calculates the adjustment amount for each area or the adjustment amount for each generator 91 in each area, and transmits it as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area.

[0112] (Step S31: Reception of data h3 (LFC control output command)) The LFC control output command receiving unit 33 receives data h3 (LFC control output command) from the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 and transmits it to the switching unit 34.

[0113] (Step S21: Calculation of data f2 (smoothed AR value)) The AR smoothing unit 25 calculates data f2 (smoothed AR value) based on data f1 (AR value) calculated in step S20. Data f2 (smoothed AR value) is calculated by frequency decomposition of data f1 (AR value) using Fourier expansion.

[0114] (Step S22: Calculation of data f3 (AR allocation value)) The AR distribution unit 26 calculates data f3 (AR distribution value) based on the frequency-decomposed data f2 (smoothed AR value) obtained in step S21. Data f3 (AR distribution value) is the adjustment amount for each generator 91 and is calculated according to the output response speed or output margin of the generator 91. The AR distribution unit 26 transmits the calculated data f3 (AR distribution value) to the switching unit 34.

[0115] (Step S32: Selection of data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command)) The switching unit 34 selects and outputs either data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) calculated in step S22. For example, if an accident occurs in the power supply and demand control device 2 or power system 9 in another area, the switching unit 34 selects data f3 (AR allocation value). If there is no abnormality in the power supply and demand control device 2 or power system 9 in another area, the switching unit 34 selects data h3 (LFC control output command). The switching unit 34 selects either data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) by switching.

[0116] (Step S204: Calculation of data g1 (EDC value)) The EDC schedule calculation unit 27 executes step S204 in parallel with steps S20 to S22 described above. Based on the data f2 (smoothed AR value) calculated in step S21, the EDC schedule calculation unit 27 calculates data g1 (EDC value). Data g1 (EDC value) is calculated by allocating the economic load to each generator 91 according to the merit order of each generator 91.

[0117] (Step S205: Receiving the output of each generator) The input unit 21 executes step S205 in parallel with steps S20 to S22 described above. The input unit 21 receives the current output value from the generator 91. Input units 21a, 21b, and 21n each receive the current output value of their respective generators 91a, 91b, and 91n. The current output value of the generator 91 is transmitted to the target value creation unit 23.

[0118] (Step S23: Calculation of data d1 (power generation target value)) The target value creation unit 23 calculates data d1 (power generation target value) based on data f3 (AR allocation value) calculated in step S22, data g1 (EDC value) calculated by the EDC schedule calculation unit 27 in step S204, and the current output value of the generator 91 received in step S205. Data d1 (power generation target value) for each generator 91a, 91b, and 91n is calculated by the target value creation units 23a, 23b, and 23n, respectively.

[0119] (Step S24: Sending data d1 (power generation target value)) The target value creation unit 23 transmits the data d1 (power generation target value) calculated in step S23 to the output unit 22. The data d1 (power generation target value) for each generator 91a, 91b, and 91n is transmitted to the output units 22a, 22b, and 22n, respectively.

[0120] (Step S25: Sending command for data d1 (power generation target value)) The output unit 22 transmits the data d1 (target power generation value) received in step S24 to the generator 91. The data d1 (target power generation value) is transmitted to each generator 91a, 91b, and 91n from the output units 22a, 22b, and 22n, respectively. As a result, each generator 91 outputs power corresponding to the data d1 (target power generation value).

[0121] Figure 9 shows the general control logic in the AR distribution unit 26 when processing using the output rate of change ratio. The general AR distribution when processing using the output rate of change ratio is performed according to the procedure shown in Figure 9. First, the product of the frequency deviation and the grid capacity is calculated by AR calculation. Next, the difference between the product of the frequency deviation multiplied by the grid constant K and the grid capacity, and the power flow deviation at the interconnection point is frequency-decomposed and smoothed. The smoothed difference is further PI-controlled, excluding the dead zone, and distributed to the command value for each generator 91.

[0122] <Operation of Power Supply and Demand Adjustment Device 5> The power supply and demand adjustment device 5 may be a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 that adjusts the power supply and demand of multiple areas. The wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 uses a netting unit 51, which is a regional total demand detection unit, to calculate the sum of regional demand power (AR) received from each of the multiple areas to detect the regional total demand, calculate the control share for each of the multiple areas, and create a control command.

[0123] The power supply and demand adjustment device 5 may be a central power supply device 570 that controls the power supply to multiple areas. The central power supply device 570 receives the frequencies of multiple areas, and the ART calculation unit 71, which is a regional total demand detection unit, detects the regional total demand based on the frequencies, calculates the control share for each of the multiple areas, and creates a control command.

[0124] The central power supply unit 570 may further include a netting unit 51 as a regional total demand detection unit. The central power supply unit 570 uses the netting unit 51 to calculate the sum of regional demand power (AR) received from each of the multiple areas to detect the regional total demand, calculate the control share for each of the multiple areas, and create a control command.

[0125] The netting unit 51 or ART calculation unit 71, which is a regional total demand detection unit, detects the regional total demand, which is the total amount of adjustment for each area to be controlled, based on the regional demand power (AR) requested for each of the multiple areas to be controlled.

[0126] The control share calculation unit 52 distributes the total regional demand detected by the netting unit 51, which is the regional total demand detection unit, or the ART calculation unit 71, to each of the multiple areas subject to control, and calculates the control share for each of the multiple areas.

[0127] Each power command creation unit 53 creates and outputs command values ​​for each of the multiple areas based on the control share of each of the multiple areas calculated by the control share calculation unit 52.

[0128] The control load calculation unit 52 calculates the control load based on the power flow constraints on the interconnection lines between the multiple areas to be controlled.

[0129] (Detailed operation when the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550) Figure 5 shows the operation flow when the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550. The program shown in Figure 5 is built into the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550. In this embodiment, the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control device 2, creates data h3 (LFC control output command) based on data f1 (AR value), and issues an instruction to the power supply and demand control device 2. The wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 operates and performs calculations according to the following procedure.

[0130] The netting unit 51 receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control device 2. Based on the data f1 (AR value) for each area, the netting unit 51 detects the total regional demand for the entire area. The netting unit 51 performs netting of the AR values ​​to calculate the total regional demand for the entire area. The operation of calculating the total regional demand, which is the total regional demand for the entire area, is called netting. The netting unit 51 transmits the netted AR value as data h1a (post-netting AR value) to the control load calculation unit 52. Data h1a (post-netting AR value) is one form of data h1 (total regional demand). The operation of the netting unit 51 is realized by the netting step S51.

[0131] The control load calculation unit 52 distributes the total regional demand for the data h1a (AR value after netting) transmitted from the netting unit 51 to each of the areas subject to control, and calculates data h2 (control load). Data h2 (control load) may be calculated as the control load for each area, or as the control load for each generator 91 in each area.

[0132] The control load calculation unit 52 calculates data h2 (control load) by distributing the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on the adjustment capacity, which is the surplus power that the generators 91 in the area can generate. This data is then used to determine at least one of the control loads for each area or for each generator 91 in the area. The operation of the control load calculation unit 52 is realized by the control load calculation step S52.

[0133] Each power command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command), which is a command value for each area, based on the data h2 (control load) calculated by the control load calculation unit 52. The data h3 (LFC control output command) is created by each power command creation unit 53 as a command for the control load of each area and a command for the control load of each generator 91 in each area. The data h3 (LFC control output command) is transmitted to the power supply and demand control device 2. The operation of each power command creation unit 53 is realized by each power command creation step S53.

[0134] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 according to this embodiment distributes an adjustment amount for the netted imbalance covering the entire area to each area or each generator 91, based on the regional demand (AR) from each of the multiple areas. Figure 10 shows an overview of the wide-area LFC model.

[0135] The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 in this embodiment calculates the control share for each generator 91 in the area by distributing the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on the merit order that shows the relationship between the requested power and the power price, and creates data h2 (control share).

[0136] In the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 according to this embodiment, the distribution of the adjustment amount is carried out by the following process. (1) The netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 calculates the regional demand (AR) for each area based on the data f1 (AR value), detects the total amount of adjustment for the entire area subject to control, and sets it as data h1a (AR value after netting). AR is calculated by (Equation 1-1). (2) The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 allocates the total amount of adjustment for the entire area related to data h1a (AR value after netting) in a merit order. The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the amount to be allocated to each area and sets it as data h2 (control share). (3) Each power command creation unit 53 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 creates data h3 (LFC control output command), which is a command value for each area, based on the data h2 (control share) calculated by the control share calculation unit 52, and transmits it to the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area. (4) The power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area issue commands to distribute the command values ​​related to the data h3 (LFC control output command) transmitted from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 to each generator 91 in each area. The adjustment amount related to data h3 (LFC control output command) is calculated by allocating it to the planned value if the planned value is used as the basis, and by allocating it to the current value if the current value is used as the basis. (5) If an abnormality is detected in part of a wide area, the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area will use the switching unit 34 to select data f3 (AR allocation value) instead of data h3 (LFC control output command), and will allocate the adjustment amount in each area based on data f3 (AR allocation value).

[0137] (Detailed operation when the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is the central power supply device 570) Figure 6 shows the operation flow when the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a central power supply device 570. The program shown in Figure 6 is built into the central power supply device 570. In this embodiment, the central power supply device 570 receives data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF) from the detection device 93, creates data h3 (LFC control output command) based on data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), and issues an instruction to the power supply and demand control device 2. The central power supply device 570 operates and performs calculations according to the following procedure.

[0138] The ART calculation unit 71 receives data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF) from the detection device 93. Based on the system constants for the entire system and data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), the ART calculation unit 71 detects the regional demand amount for the entire area. The ART calculation unit 71 transmits the detected regional demand amount, which is the total regional demand amount for the entire area, as data h1b (ART value) to the control share calculation unit 52. Data h1b (ART value) is one form of data h1 (total regional demand amount). The operation of the ART calculation unit 71 is realized by the ART calculation step S71.

[0139] The netting unit 51 receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control device 2. Based on the data f1 (AR value) for each area, the netting unit 51 detects the total regional demand for the entire area. The netting unit 51 performs netting of the AR values ​​to calculate the total regional demand for the entire area. The operation of calculating the total regional demand, which is the total regional demand for the entire area, is called netting. The netting unit 51 transmits the netted AR value as data h1a (post-netting AR value) to the control load calculation unit 52. Data h1a (post-netting AR value) is one form of data h1 (total regional demand). The operation of the netting unit 51 is realized by the netting step S51.

[0140] The control load calculation unit 52 receives data h1b (ART value) from the ART calculation unit 71 and data h1a (post-netting AR value) from the netting unit 51. The control load calculation unit 52 also receives data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (previous LFC operation amount) from the power supply and demand control device 2. Based on data h1b (ART value) or data h1a (post-netting AR value), the control load calculation unit 52 calculates the control load for each area's generator 91 using data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (previous LFC operation amount). The control load calculation unit 52 transmits the calculated control load as data h2 (control load) to the selection unit 72.

[0141] The control load calculation unit 52 distributes the total regional demand for the data h1b (ART value) received from the ART calculation unit 71 to each of the areas subject to control, and calculates data h2 (control load). The control load calculation unit 52 also distributes the total regional demand for the data h1a (post-netting AR value) received from the netting unit 51 to each of the areas subject to control, and calculates data h2 (control load). Data h2 (control load) may be calculated as the control load for each area, or as the control load for each generator 91 in each area.

[0142] The control load calculation unit 52 calculates at least one of the control loads for each area and the control load for each generator 91 in the area as data h2 (control load), based on the adjustment capacity, which is the surplus power that the generators 91 in the area can generate, and by distributing the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power. The operation of the control load calculation unit 52 is realized by the control load calculation step S52. The control load calculation step S52 is executed after the ART calculation step S71 and the netting step S51.

[0143] The selection unit 72 selects either data h2 (control share) calculated based on data h1b (ART value) or data h2 (control share) calculated based on data h1a (post-netting AR value), and transmits it to each power command creation unit 53. The operation of the selection unit 72 is realized by the selection step S72. The selection step S72 is executed after the control share calculation step S52.

[0144] Each power command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command), which is a command value for each area, based on the data h2 (control load) transmitted from the selection unit 72. The data h3 (LFC control output command) is created by each power command creation unit 53 as a command for the control load of each area and a command for the control load of each generator 91 in each area. The data h3 (LFC control output command) is transmitted to the power supply and demand control device 2. The operation of each power command creation unit 53 is realized by each power command creation step S53. Each power command creation step S53 is executed after the selection step S72.

[0145] In this embodiment, the central power supply device 570 calculates data h2 (control share) based on data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF) related to the power system 9, or based on regional demand (AR) from multiple areas, and distributes it to each area or each generator 91.

[0146] In the central power supply device 570 according to this embodiment, the distribution of the adjustment amount is performed by the following process. (1) The ART calculation unit 71 of the central power supply unit 570 detects data h1b (ART value) based on the system constants of the entire system and data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF). AR is calculated by (Equation 1-2). Data h1b (ART value) is data relating to the regional demand for the entire area. (2) The netting unit 51 of the central power supply unit 570 calculates the regional demand amount (AR) for each area based on the data f1 (AR value), detects the total amount of adjustment for the entire area subject to control, and sets it as data h1a (AR value after netting). AR is calculated by (Equation 1-1). (3) The control load calculation unit 52 of the central power supply unit 570 calculates the control load for the generators 91 in each area based on data h1a (AR value after netting) or data h1b (ART value), and sets it as data h2 (control load). (4) The selection unit 72 of the central power supply unit 570 selects either data h2 (control share) calculated based on data h1b (ART value) or data h2 (control share) calculated based on data h1a (post-netting AR value). (5) Each power command creation unit 53 of the central power supply unit 570 creates data h3 (LFC control output command), which is a command value for each area, based on data h2 (control share) calculated based on data h1b (ART value), or data h2 (control share) calculated based on data h1a (post-netting AR value), and transmits it to the power supply and demand control device 2 of each area. (6) The power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area issue commands to distribute the command values ​​related to the data h3 (LFC control output command) transmitted from the central power supply device 570 to each generator 91 in each area. The adjustment amount related to data h3 (LFC control output command) is calculated by allocating it to the planned value if the planned value is used as the basis, and by allocating it to the current value if the current value is used as the basis. (7) If an abnormality is detected in part of a wide area, the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area will use the switching unit 34 to select data f3 (AR allocation value) instead of data h3 (LFC control output command), and will allocate the adjustment amount in each area based on data f3 (AR allocation value).

[0147] In the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is either the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, the adjustment amount related to data h3 (LFC control output command) may be allocated based on the planned value of power generation (planned power generation value) or based on the current value of power generation (current output). Figure 11 shows a schematic block diagram of the calculation in the control share calculation unit 52 of the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is either the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570. The generator 91 that is subject to LFC is sometimes called an LFC generator.

[0148] The value (ΔP') after considering the change in amount between control cycles from the LFC distribution amount (ΔP) is the planned value of the power output of each LFC generator (planned power output) (P PLAN ), or the current value of the amount of power generated (current output) (P NOW The power supply command is distributed to each power supply command creation unit 53, and the command value for data h3 (LFC control output command) is calculated by each power supply command creation unit 53. Each power supply command creation unit 53 transmits the command value for the generator 91 in each area as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area.

[0149] When the imbalance (AR) is large, the allocation amount (ΔP) distributed to each LFC generator may exceed the amount of output change each LFC generator can handle. In this case, each LFC generator will respond within the range of its current output that it can handle.

[0150] The following describes the process of allocating the netted imbalance to each LFC generator according to the merit order. The allocation to each LFC generator (generator 91) may be done using either the <allocation by price ratio> or the <allocation by price difference ratio> described below.

[0151] <Distribution based on price ratio> The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 distributes the imbalance to multiple areas in a merit order by calculation in which the respective contributions are set by a weighting coefficient Wi based on the price ratio. The distribution may be calculated by calculating the control share for each of the multiple areas, or it may be calculated by calculating the control share for each generator 91 in the multiple areas.

[0152] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the weighting coefficient Wi for the allocation using (Equation 2).

number

[0153] In (Equation 2), VCi is a function of the electricity price of each LFC generator. The amount allocated to each LFC generator is calculated by multiplying the data f1 (AR value) by Wi, as AR × Wi. Current value of power generation (current output) (P NOW ) data a1 (generator power output value), or the planned value of the power output of generator 91 (power output plan value) (P PLAN Data g1 (EDC value) (BG plan value) is added to data h3 (LFC control output command) to create data h3 (LFC control output command).

[0154] It is preferable that VCi be set so that it is larger when the price is low during an upward command, and larger when the price is high during a downward command. If market prices are applied directly, it is preferable that the ratio becomes larger when the price is high during a downward command, but when the price is low during an upward command, the ratio becomes smaller, so it is necessary to adjust the price during an upward command. Here, the following price-based function is used.

number

number

[0155] Equations (3) and (4) show that the weighting coefficient Wi applied to (2) is a function that combines a function directly proportional to the electricity price and a function directly proportional to the reciprocal of the electricity price. The adjustment amount for each LFC generator is calculated by (5). Adjustment amount for each LFC generator = Imbalance (AR) × Wi ...(Formula 5) The adjustment amount calculated using (Equation 5) is added to the current output (current value) or the planned output (BG planned value) to create data h3 (LFC control output command).

[0156] By calculating the data h3 (LFC control output command) using the above equations (2) to (5), when an upward command is issued, more commands will be issued to generators with low electricity prices, and when a downward command is issued, more commands will be issued to generators with high electricity prices. This allows for economical adjustment of electricity supply and demand.

[0157] <Allocation based on price difference ratio> The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 distributes the imbalance to multiple areas in a merit order by calculation in which the respective contributions are set by a weighting coefficient Wi based on the price difference ratio. The distribution may calculate the control share for each of the multiple areas, or it may calculate the control share for each generator 91 in the multiple areas.

[0158] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the weighting coefficient Wi for the allocation using (Equation 6).

number

[0159] In (Equation 6), VCi is a function of the price of each LFC generator. The amount allocated to each LFC generator is calculated by multiplying the data f1 (AR value) by Wi, as AR × Wi. Current value of power generation (current output) (P NOW ) data a1 (generator power output value), or the planned value of the power output of generator 91 (power output plan value) (PPLAN Data g1 (EDC value) (BG planned value), which is ), data h3 (LFC control output command) is created by adding AR×Wi to

[0160] Preferably, VCi is set such that it increases as the price is lower when an upward command is issued, and increases as the price is higher when a downward command is issued. Here, a function based on the following price difference is used. [Mathematical Expression] ·····(Equation 7) [Mathematical Expression] ·····(Equation 8)

[0161] In (Equation 7) and (Equation 8), N is the number of LFC generators to be used, V MAX is the maximum price corresponding to the current value (current output) of each LFC generator, V MIN is the minimum value. FIG. 12 shows the allocation based on the price difference ratio when an upward command and a downward command are issued.

[0162] According to (Equation 7) and (Equation 8), the weighting coefficient Wi for (Equation 6) is a function of the difference between preset reference prices V U , V D and the power price. The reference price V U is a value exceeding the maximum price V MAX , and the reference price V D is a value less than the minimum price V MIN . The reference price V U and the reference price V D may be arbitrarily determined values based on past supply and demand adjustment. The adjustment amount for each LFC generator is calculated by (Equation 9). Adjustment amount to each LFC generator = Imbalance (AR) × Wi ·····(Equation 9) Data h3 (LFC control output command) is created by adding the adjustment amount according to (Equation 9) to the current output (current value) or the planned output (BG planned value).

[0163] By calculating the data h3 (LFC control output command) using equations (6) to (9), when an upward command is issued, more commands are issued to generators 91 with low electricity prices, and when a downward command is issued, more commands are issued to generators 91 with high electricity prices. This allows for economical adjustment of electricity supply and demand.

[0164] Figure 13 shows an example of adjustment costs used in the merit order method. As shown in Figure 13, the adjustment costs are set discretely and in a stepwise manner with respect to the output of the generator 91. In addition, there are two prices for the adjustment costs with respect to the output: an upward adjustment (V1) price and a downward adjustment (V2) price.

[0165] The adjustment amount is distributed to each LFC generator by the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is either the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570. This maintains a balance of power supply and demand across a wide area, ensuring stable power supply and demand adjustment. Furthermore, power supply and demand adjustment and frequency adjustment are carried out while ensuring the neutrality of the grid operator towards market participants.

[0166] Furthermore, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, calculates the data h2 (control share) by the following calculation.

[0167] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 calculates the control load based on data h1a (AR value after netting), which is one aspect of data h1 (total regional demand), and creates data h2 (control load). The control load calculation unit 52 of the central power supply device 570 calculates the control load based on data h1b (ART value), which is one aspect of data h1 (total regional demand), or data h1a (AR value after netting), and creates data h2 (control load). The power command creation unit 53 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 creates data h3 (LFC control output command) based on data h2 (control load) and transmits it to each area.

[0168] If data h2 (control share) is calculated without considering the upper and lower limits of the power flow constraints on interconnection lines between areas, there is a possibility of an oversupply or undersupply in the required area, resulting in a control surplus.

[0169] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 adjusts the AR based on the interconnection line power flow constraint, which is the margin of power transmission between areas, and creates data h2 (control load). This suppresses the remaining control load.

[0170] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, which is a power supply and demand adjustment device 5, calculates the control load based on the power flow constraints of the interconnection lines between areas and creates data h2 (control load).

[0171] As an example, let's explain the case where four systems, A to D, are interconnected, as shown in Figure 14.

[0172] Assume that each interconnection line has the following interconnection line current constraints. Interconnection line current constraints are also called margins. Area A to Area B: -20MW to +20MW Area B to Area C: -50MW to +50MW Area C to Area D: -30MW to +30MW

[0173] The operation of the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 in the case of the interconnection line power flow constraints described above will be explained below. The power supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is either the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, may perform netting using either of the following two calculations.

[0174] (If netting AR is positive) This section will explain the case where the netting AR (regional total demand) is positive, that is, where the value of data h1a (netted AR value) created by the netting unit 51 of the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 is positive, or where the value of data h1a (netted AR value) created by the netting unit 51 of the central power supply device 570, which is also a power supply and demand adjustment device 5, and the value of data h1b (ART value) created by the ART calculation unit 71 are positive. Data h1a (netted AR value) and data h1b (ART value) are manifestations of data h1 (regional total demand).

[0175] The netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 calculates the netted AR based on the data f1 (AR value) transmitted from each area and creates data h1a (netted AR value). As shown in Figure 15, if the AR0 for the data f1 (AR value) of each area is as follows, the netted AR for the data h1a (netted AR value) calculated by the netting unit 51 will be +300MW. AR0 A = +100MW AR0 B = +100MW AR0 C = +80MW AR0 D = +20MW

[0176] The ART for the data h1b (ART value) created by the ART calculation unit 71 of the central power supply unit 570 is assumed to be +300MW.

[0177] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 performs a primary allocation based on the merit order, using data h1a (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51, and the control load calculation unit 52 of the central power supply device 570 performs a primary allocation based on the merit order, using data h1a (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51, or data h1b (ART value) created by the ART calculation unit 71, to create AR1, which is the post-netting AR allocation. The post-netting AR allocation AR1 is as follows. AR1 A =0MW AR1 B = +300MW AR1 C =0MW AR1 D =0MW

[0178] If the above AR1 is used to issue commands to each area using data h3 (LFC control output command), then power exceeding the interconnection line power flow constraint will be supplied from area B to areas A, C, and D, which is undesirable. To resolve this, the control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 makes adjustments based on the netted AR allocation AR1 by secondary allocation to create the adjusted AR allocation AR2. The adjusted AR allocation AR2 shall be as follows. AR2 A = +20MW (20MW from Area B) AR2 B = +200MW (20MW to Area A, 50MW to Area C, (30MW to Area D) AR2 C = +50MW (50MW from Area B) AR2 D = +30MW (30MW from Area B)

[0179] (When netting AR is negative) This section describes the case where the netting AR (regional total demand) is negative, that is, the value of data h1a (netted AR value) created by the netting unit 51 of the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 is negative, or the case where the value of data h1a (netted AR value) created by the netting unit 51 of the central power supply device 570, which is also a power supply and demand adjustment device 5, and the data h1b (ART value) created by the ART calculation unit 71 are negative. Data h1a (netted AR value) and data h1b (ART value) are manifestations of data h1 (regional total demand).

[0180] The netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 calculates the netted AR based on the data f1 (AR value) transmitted from each area and creates data h1a (netted AR value). As shown in Figure 16, if the AR0 for the data f1 (AR value) of each area is as follows, the netted AR for the data h1a (netted AR value) calculated by the netting unit 51 will be -300MW. AR0 A = -100MW AR0 B = -100MW AR0 C = -80MW AR0 D =-20MW

[0181] The ART for the data h1b (ART value) created by the ART calculation unit 71 of the central power supply unit 570 is assumed to be -300MW.

[0182] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 performs a primary allocation based on the merit order, using data h1a (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51, and the control load calculation unit 52 of the central power supply device 570 performs a primary allocation based on the merit order, using data h1a (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51, or data h1b (ART value) created by the ART calculation unit 71, to create AR1, which is the post-netting AR allocation. The post-netting AR allocation AR1 is as follows. AR1 A =0MW AR1 B =0MW AR1 C = -300MW AR1 D =0MW

[0183] If the above AR1 is used to issue commands to each area using data h3 (LFC control output command), then power exceeding the interconnection line power flow constraint will be supplied from area C to areas A, B, and D, which is undesirable. To resolve this, the control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 adjusts the allocation by secondary allocation based on AR1, which is the AR allocation after netting, and creates AR2, which is the adjusted AR allocation. The adjusted AR allocation AR2 shall be as follows. AR2 A = -20MW (-20MW from Area C) AR2 B = -50MW (-50MW from Area C) AR2 C = -210MW (-20MW to Area A, -50MW to Area B, (To Area D - 20MW) AR2 D = -20MW (-20MW from Area C)

[0184] According to this embodiment, the regional demand (AR) is allocated to each area based on the upper and lower limits of the power flow constraints imposed by the interconnection lines between each area. Since power is transmitted between each area while ensuring the interconnection line power flow constraints are met, the controllability of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 is improved.

[0185] [1-3. Effects] (1) According to this embodiment, the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 includes a netting unit 51 or ART calculation unit 71, which is a regional total demand detection unit that detects a regional total demand, which is the total amount of adjustment for each area to be controlled, based on the regional demand power (AR) requested for each of the multiple areas to be controlled; a control share calculation unit 52 that distributes the regional total demand detected by the netting unit 51 or ART calculation unit 71 to each of the multiple areas to be controlled and calculates the control share for each of the multiple areas; and a power supply command creation unit 53 that creates and outputs command values ​​for each of the multiple areas based on the control share for each of the multiple areas calculated by the control share calculation unit 52. The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share based on the power flow constraints on the interconnection lines between the multiple areas to be controlled, thereby suppressing the uneven distribution of adjustment power in a certain area and providing a power supply and demand adjustment device 5 that can efficiently and economically adjust power supply and demand over a wide area.

[0186] The control load calculation unit 52 calculates the control load based on the power flow constraints on the interconnection lines between the multiple areas to be controlled. As a result, commands to the generator 91 that exceed the power that can be transmitted between areas are prevented, and appropriate supply and demand adjustment is performed, resolving any control deficiencies. This suppresses the uneven distribution of adjustment capacity in certain areas, and enables efficient power supply and demand adjustment across a wide area.

[0187] (2) According to this embodiment, the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 that adjusts the power supply and demand of multiple areas, and the netting unit 51, which is a regional total demand detection unit, calculates the sum of the regional demand power (AR) received from each of the multiple areas and detects the regional total demand, so that the regional total demand can be detected with greater accuracy based on the regional demand power (AR) from each area. As a result, the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 generates data h3 (LFC control output command) with greater accuracy.

[0188] (3) According to this embodiment, the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a central power supply device 570 that controls the power supply to multiple areas, and receives the frequencies of multiple areas, and the ART calculation unit 71, which is a regional total demand detection unit, detects the regional total demand based on the frequencies, so that the regional total demand can be directly detected based on the frequencies of multiple areas. As a result, the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 generates data h3 (LFC control output command) more quickly.

[0189] [2. Second Embodiment] [2-1. Structure and Function] A power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment will now be described. In the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment, the calculation performed by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 differs from that of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment. The configuration of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment.

[0190] In the following description, we will explain the operation that differs from that of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment. We will omit the explanation of the operation that is the same as that of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment.

[0191] In the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, or the central power dispatching device 570 adjusts the netted AR (total regional requirement) and generates data h2 (control share) based on the interconnection line flow constraint, which is the transmission margin between areas.

[0192] In the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the second embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, or the central power dispatching device 570 adjusts the AR of a plurality of undivided areas and generates data h2 (control share) when areas are divided.

[0193] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the second embodiment, or the central power dispatching device 570 may further perform an operation when a plurality of areas are divided, in addition to the operation according to the first embodiment.

[0194] When a plurality of areas are divided, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, or the central power dispatching device 570 takes a plurality of undivided areas as control targets, and calculates the control share for each of the plurality of areas based on the margin related to the flow constraint of the interconnection line between the plurality of undivided areas.

[0195] The processing according to the present embodiment is executed in the control share calculation step S52 of the program of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 shown in FIG. 5, and the control share calculation step S52 of the program of the central power dispatching device 570 shown in FIG. 6.

[0196] When an accident occurs on an interconnection line between areas, the areas are divided. Furthermore, when maintenance or the like is performed in some areas, the areas are divided.

[0197] In the prior art, for example, when areas are divided as shown in FIG. 17, integrated control for each area by the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device or the central power dispatching device is not performed, and supply and demand adjustment is performed for each individual area.

[0198] A control sharing amount calculation unit 52 of a wide-area supply-demand adjustment device 550 calculates control sharing amounts for a plurality of undivided areas based on data h1a (AR value after netting) and generates data h2 (control sharing amount). A control sharing amount calculation unit 52 of a central power dispatching device 570 calculates control sharing amounts for a plurality of undivided areas based on data h1b (ART value) or data h1a (AR value after netting) and generates data h2 (control sharing amount).

[0199] Each power command generation unit 53 of the wide-area supply-demand adjustment device 550 or the central power dispatching device 570 generates data h3 (LFC control output command) based on the data h2 (control sharing amount) and transmits the data to each area. When an area is split, the wide-area supply-demand adjustment device 550 or the central power dispatching device 570, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the present embodiment, performs supply-demand adjustment between the plurality of undivided areas.

[0200] For example, as shown in FIG. 18, when an accident occurs on an interconnection line, Area A, Area B, Area C, and Area D are divided into two groups. The wide-area supply-demand adjustment device 550 or the central power dispatching device 570, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the present embodiment, performs supply-demand adjustment between the plurality of undivided areas within the group.

[0201] For example, when there are four areas of Area A, Area B, Area C, and Area D, the areas are grouped as follows.

[0202] <When an accident occurs on the interconnection line between Area B and Area C> Group 1: Area A, Area B Group 2: Area C, Area D When an accident occurs on the interconnection line between Area B and Area C, splitting Area B and Area C, each area is grouped into Group 1 and Group 2 described above.

[0203] <When an accident occurs on the interconnection line between Area A and Area B> Group 1: Area A Group 2: Area B, Area C, Area D If an accident occurs on the interconnection line between Area A and Area B, and Area A and Area B are separated, each area will be grouped into Group 1 and Group 2 as described above.

[0204] <If an accident occurs on the interconnection line between Area C and Area D> Group 1: Area A, Area B, Area C Group 2: Area D If an accident occurs on the interconnection line between Area C and Area D, and Area C and Area D are separated, each area will be grouped into Group 1 and Group 2 as described above.

[0205] The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 extracts AR values ​​for each of the above-mentioned group 1 and group 2 based on data h1a (AR value after netting), calculates the control share for multiple undivided areas or a single area, and creates data h2 (control share).

[0206] Each power command generation unit 53 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 generates data h3 (LFC control output command) based on data h2 (control load) generated by the control load calculation unit 52 and transmits it to each area.

[0207] The control load calculation unit 52 of the central power supply unit 570 extracts AR values ​​for each of the above-mentioned Group 1 and Group 2 based on data h1b (ART value) or data h1a (AR value after netting), calculates the control load for multiple undivided areas or a single area, and creates data h2 (control load).

[0208] Each power command generation unit 53 of the central power supply unit 570 generates data h3 (LFC control output command) based on data h2 (control load) generated by the control load calculation unit 52 and transmits it to each area.

[0209] The power supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to this embodiment, which is either a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or a central power supply device 570, performs supply and demand adjustment between multiple grouped, undivided areas when the area is divided.

[0210] The power supply and demand adjustment device 5 in this embodiment, which is either a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or a central power supply device 570, performs supply and demand adjustment for each divided group by utilizing healthy interconnection lines, even if an area is divided. In addition, the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area perform supply and demand adjustment for their respective areas by local control.

[0211] According to the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 and power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of this embodiment, the amount of control responsibility for each divided group is calculated by utilizing a healthy interconnection line that is in operation. This ensures the neutrality of the grid operator with respect to market participants, and enables supply and demand adjustment and frequency adjustment based on the merit order. As a result, the balance of power supply and demand is maintained over a wide area, and stable power supply and demand adjustment is achieved.

[0212] Furthermore, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, calculates the data h2 (control share) by the following calculation.

[0213] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550, when an area is divided, adjusts the AR of multiple undivided areas and, based on data h1a (AR value after netting), calculates a control load that satisfies the interconnection line power flow constraint, which is the margin of power transmission between areas, and creates data h2 (control load).

[0214] The control load calculation unit 52 of the central power supply unit 570, when an area is divided, adjusts the AR of multiple undivided areas and calculates a control load that satisfies the interconnection line power flow constraint, which is the margin of power transmission between areas, based on data h1b (ART value) or data h1a (AR value after netting), and creates data h2 (control load).

[0215] Each power command generation unit 53 of the wide-area supply-demand adjustment device 550 or the central power dispatching device 570 generates data h3 (LFC control output command) based on data h2 (control share amount), and transmits the data h3 to each area.

[0216] When an area is divided due to an accident or the like occurring on an interconnection line, if the data h2 (control share amount) is calculated without being based on the upper and lower limit margin amounts resulting from interconnection line flow constraints between the areas, an excess or deficiency occurs in the supply amount for the required area, which may result in remaining control.

[0217] The control share amount calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply-demand adjustment device 550, which is the power supply-demand adjustment device 5, or the central power dispatching device 570, when the area is divided, adjusts the AR of a plurality of undivided areas based on interconnection line flow constraints, which are the power transmission margin amounts between areas, to calculate the control share amount and generate data h2 (control share amount). This suppresses remaining control.

[0218] For example, assume that there are four areas: Area A, Area B, Area C, and Area D, and the following interconnection line flow constraints (margin amounts) are defined. (Interconnection line flow constraints (margin amounts)) Area A to Area B: -20MW to +20MW Area B to Area C: -50MW to +50MW Area C to Area D: -30MW to +30MW

[0219] As shown in FIG. 18, a case will be described where an accident occurs on the interconnection line between Area B and Area C, and the areas are grouped into Group 1 and Group 2.

[0220] The control share amount calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply-demand adjustment device 550, which is the power supply-demand adjustment device 5, or the central power dispatching device 570 calculates the control share amount and generates data h2 (control share amount) through the following procedure based on interconnection line flow constraints.

[0221] <When netting AR is positive> (1) Calculation of AR after netting The netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 calculates the netted AR based on the data f1 (AR value) transmitted from each area and creates data h1a (netted AR value). As shown in Figure 19, if the AR0 of each area is as follows, the netted AR of group 1 after division will be +200MW, and the netted AR of group 2 will be +100MW. (Group 1) AR0A = +100MW (Group 1) AR0B = +100MW (Group 2) AR0C = +80MW (Group 2) AR0D = +20MW

[0222] The ART for the data h1b (ART value) created by the ART calculation unit 71 of the central power supply unit 570 is assumed to be +100MW.

[0223] (2) Calculation of AR allocation after netting The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 calculates AR1, which is the netted AR allocation, based on the data h1a (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51. The control load calculation unit 52 of the central power supply device 570 calculates AR1, which is the netted AR allocation, based on the data h1b (ART value) created by the ART calculation unit 71, or the data h1a (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51. The netted AR allocation AR1 is as follows. (Group 1) AR1A=0MW (Group 1) AR1B = +200MW (Group 2) AR1C = +100MW (Group 2) AR1D=0MW

[0224] (3) Calculation of adjusted AR allocation The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 adjusts the netted AR allocation AR1 by secondary allocation according to <Procedure 1> and creates the adjusted AR allocation AR2. The control load calculation unit 52 adjusts the netted AR allocation AR1 for each area to prevent AR exceeding the interconnection line power flow constraint from area B to area A and from area D to area C, and calculates the adjusted AR allocation AR2. The adjusted AR allocation AR2 is as follows. (Group 1) AR2A = +20MW (20MW from Area B) (Group 1) AR2B = +180MW (20MW to Area A) (Group 2) AR2C = +70MW (30MW to Area D) (Group 2) AR2D = +30MW (30MW from Area D)

[0225] <When netting AR is negative> (1) Calculation of AR after netting The netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 calculates the netted AR based on the data f1 (AR value) transmitted from each area and creates data h1a (netted AR value). As shown in Figure 20, if the AR0 of each area is as follows, the netted AR of group 1 after division will be -200MW, and the netted AR of group 2 will be -100MW. (Group 1) AR0A = -100MW (Group 1) AR0B = -100MW (Group 2) AR0C = -80MW (Group 2) AR0D = -20MW

[0226] The ART for the data h1b (ART value) created by the ART calculation unit 71 of the central power supply unit 570 is assumed to be -100MW.

[0227] (2) Calculation of AR allocation after netting The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 calculates AR1, which is the netted AR allocation, based on the data h1a (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51. The control load calculation unit 52 of the central power supply device 570 calculates AR1, which is the netted AR allocation, based on the data h1b (ART value) created by the ART calculation unit 71, or the data h1a (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51. The netted AR allocation AR1 is as follows. (Group 1) AR1A=0MW (Group 1) AR1B = -200MW (Group 2) AR1C = -100MW (Group 2) AR1D=0MW

[0228] (3) Calculation of adjusted AR allocation The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 adjusts the netted AR allocation AR1 by secondary allocation according to <Procedure 1> and creates the adjusted AR allocation AR2. The control load calculation unit 52 adjusts the netted AR allocation AR1 for each area to prevent AR exceeding the interconnection line power flow constraint from area B to area A and from area D to area C, and calculates the adjusted AR allocation AR2. The adjusted AR allocation AR2 is as follows. (Group 1) AR2A = -20MW (-20MW from Area B) (Group 1) AR2B = -180MW (-20MW to Area A) (Group 2) AR2C = -70MW (-30MW to Area D) (Group 2) AR2D = -30MW (-30MW from Area D)

[0229] According to this embodiment, when an area is divided due to an accident on the interconnection line, the regional demand (AR) is allocated to multiple undivided areas based on the interconnection line power flow constraint, which is the margin of power transmission between areas. Since power sufficient to satisfy the interconnection line power flow constraint is transmitted between each area, the controllability of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 is improved.

[0230] [2-2. Effects] (1) According to this embodiment, the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, has a control share calculation unit 52 that, when multiple areas are separated, targets multiple areas that are not separated for control and calculates the control share for each of the multiple areas based on the surplus amount related to the power flow constraints of the interconnection lines between the multiple areas that are not separated. Therefore, even when multiple areas are separated, it is possible to provide a power supply and demand adjustment device 5 that can suppress the uneven distribution of adjustment power to a certain area and efficiently adjust power supply and demand over a wide area.

[0231] The control load calculation unit 52 calculates the control load based on the surplus amount of power flow constraints on interconnection lines between multiple undivided areas that are subject to control. This prevents commands to the generator 91 from exceeding the power that can be transmitted between areas, and ensures appropriate supply and demand adjustment by eliminating control shortages between multiple undivided areas. As a result, the concentration of adjustment power in certain areas is suppressed, and power supply and demand adjustment is carried out efficiently over a wide area.

[0232] [3. Third Embodiment] [3-1. Structure and Function] The power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment will now be described. The power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment differs from the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment in that the calculations performed by the netting unit 51, which is the regional total demand detection unit of the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550, or the ART calculation unit 71 and netting unit 51, which are the regional total demand detection units of the central power supply device 570, are different.

[0233] Alternatively, the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment differs from the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment in that the calculation performed by the AR calculation unit 24 of the power supply and demand control device 2 is different.

[0234] The configuration of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment is the same as the configuration of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment.

[0235] In the following description, we will explain the operation that differs from that of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment. We will omit the explanation of the operation that is the same as that of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment.

[0236] In the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment, the AR calculation unit 24 of the power supply and demand control device 2 calculates the regional demand power (AR) using the aforementioned (Equation 1-1) or (Equation 1-2). In the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the third embodiment, which is a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or a central power supply device 570, more precise frequency control is performed when power supply and demand adjustment is performed on a nationwide scale.

[0237] In the aforementioned (Equation 1-1) or (Equation 1-2), the system constant K was assumed to be a fixed value. However, the system constant K may fluctuate with frequency variations. In the calculation of regional demand power (AR) by the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 or power supply and demand control device 2 according to the third embodiment, the system constant K is selected according to frequency variations in order to perform more precise frequency control. The system constant K represents the ratio of demand power per unit frequency.

[0238] The wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or central power supply device 570 according to the third embodiment may, in addition to the operations according to the first and second embodiments, further perform an operation to select a system constant K and correct the regional demand.

[0239] The netting unit 51, which is the regional total demand detection unit of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550, or the ART calculation unit 71 and netting unit 51, which are the regional total demand detection units of the central power supply device 570, select a system constant K that indicates the ratio of demanded power per unit frequency in accordance with fluctuations in the frequency of the power system, and correct the detected regional total demand subject to control using a regional demand calculation formula that includes the system constant K.

[0240] The system constant K, which represents the ratio of required power per unit frequency, is selected, and the process for correcting the total regional demand to be controlled is performed in the netting step S51 of the program of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 shown in Figure 5, the ART calculation step S71 of the program of the central power supply device 570 shown in Figure 6, or the netting step S51.

[0241] Alternatively, the AR calculation unit 24 of the power supply and demand control device 2 according to the third embodiment may, in addition to the operations according to the first and second embodiments, further perform an operation to select a system constant K and correct the regional demand. The process for correcting the total regional demand that is the target of control is performed in step S20 of the program of the power supply and demand control device 2 shown in Figure 4.

[0242] In this embodiment, if the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 is a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550, the netting unit 51 of the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 selects a system constant K to correct the regional demand and calculates data h1a (netted AR value), which is one aspect of data h1 (total regional demand). Data h1 (total regional demand) is data relating to the regional demand for the entire area.

[0243] In this embodiment, when the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 is a central power supply device 570, the ART calculation unit 71 or netting unit 51 of the central power supply device 570 selects a system constant K to correct the regional demand and calculates data h1b (ART value) or data h1a (post-netting AR value), which is one aspect of data h1 (total regional demand). Data h1b (ART value) and data h1a (post-netting AR value) are data relating to the regional demand for the entire area.

[0244] Alternatively, the AR calculation unit 24 of the power supply and demand control device 2 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment selects a system constant K to correct the regional demand and calculates the regional demand power (AR). The calculation for correcting the regional demand is performed by the following calculation A, calculation B, or calculation C.

[0245] <Calculation A. Calculation of AR value or ART value by selecting the system constant K> If the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 is a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550, the netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 selects the system constant K as follows.

[0246] If the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 is a central power supply device 570, the ART calculation unit 71 or the netting unit 51 of the central power supply device 570 selects the system constant K as follows.

[0247] Alternatively, the AR calculation unit 24 of the power supply and demand control device 2 selects the system constant K as follows:

[0248] The system constant K is selected by switching between normal and emergency situations.

[0249] Normal times: If |Δf| ≤ 0.1Hz, then K = 1.0%MW / 0.1Hz. Emergency: If |Δf| > 0.1Hz, then K = 0.75%MW / 0.1Hz.

[0250] By selecting the system constant K as described above, the system constant K in an emergency will be 75% of the system constant K in normal conditions. Alternatively, the system constant K may be selected in a predetermined system during an emergency, for example, as shown below. Area A: K = 0.6% MW / 0.1 Hz × 75% Area B: K = 0.8% MW / 0.1 Hz × 75%

[0251] If the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 is a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550, the netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 selects the system constant K as described above (Equation 1-1), or calculates the data h1a (AR value after netting) based on (Equation 1-2).

[0252] If the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 is a central power supply device 570, the ART calculation unit 71 or netting unit 51 of the central power supply device 570 selects the system constant K as described above (Equation 1-1), or calculates data h1b (ART value) or data h1a (post-netting AR value) based on (Equation 1-2).

[0253] Alternatively, the AR calculation unit 24 of the power supply and demand control device 2 selects the system constant K as described above (Equation 1-1), or calculates the data f1 (AR value) based on (Equation 1-2).

[0254] <Calculation B. Selection of AR value by constant frequency control (FFC) or ART value by frequency bias interconnection line power control (TBC)> When the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a central power supply device 570, the ART calculation unit 71 of the central power supply device 570 calculates the data h1b (ART value) using (Equation 10). The system constant K represents the ratio of the required power per unit frequency. (Calculation of AR value using constant frequency control (FFC)) ART = K × Δf ...(Formula 10) In (Equation 10), the system constant K is the system constant for the entire power system that is under control.

[0255] When the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a central power supply device 570, the netting unit 51 of the central power supply device 570 calculates data h1a (post-netting AR value) using (Equation 11). In (Equation 11), ART corresponds to data h1a (post-netting AR value). The system constant K is a system constant for each power system that is the target of control. The system constant K indicates the ratio of required power per unit frequency. (Calculation of AR value using frequency bias interconnection power control (TBC)) ART = ΣARi = K × Δf + ΔPt ...(Formula 11) In (Equation 11), i is the number of the power system to be controlled, for example, i = 1 to 9.

[0256] The control load calculation unit 52 of the central power supply unit 570 selects either data h1b (ART value), which is the AR value obtained by constant frequency control (FFC), or data h1a (post-netting AR value), which is the ART value obtained by frequency bias interconnection line power control (TBC), and calculates data h2 (control load).

[0257] If ART is positive, that is, if ART calculated by (Equation 10) or (Equation 11) above is greater than or equal to 0, the central power supply unit 570 determines that the supplied power is insufficient and selects the larger of the ARTs calculated by (Equation 10) or (Equation 11). The central power supply unit 570 calculates the control share based on the selected ART and sets the control share as data h2 (control share).

[0258] If ART is "negative," that is, if ART calculated by (Equation 10) or (Equation 11) above is < 0, the central power supply unit 570 determines that the supplied power is excessive and selects the smaller ART from among the ARTs calculated by (Equation 10) or (Equation 11). The central power supply unit 570 calculates the control share based on the selected ART and sets the control share as data h2 (control share).

[0259] <Calculation C. Correction of Regional Demand (AR)> If the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 is a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 corrects the AR of the data h1a (AR value after netting) calculated by the netting unit 51 as follows.

[0260] If the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 is a central power supply device 570, the control share calculation unit 52 of the central power supply device 570 corrects the AR of the data h1a (AR value after netting) calculated by the netting unit 51 as follows.

[0261] The correction to data h1a (post-netting AR value) is performed according to the system constant K for each area. Whether the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or a central power supply device 570, the data h1a (post-netting AR value) is corrected as follows to obtain the new data h1a (post-netting AR value).

[0262] (Condition 1: If the AR value after netting > 0, and the AR value > the AR value after netting) If the data h1a (AR value after netting) is positive, and the AR applied to the data h1a (AR value after netting) is smaller than the original AR, the control share calculation unit 52 corrects the data h1a (AR value after netting) using the reciprocal of the system constant K as shown in (Equation 12), and obtains new data h1a (AR value after netting).

[0263] (If the AR value after netting > 0, and the original AR value > the AR value after netting) Corrected AR value after netting = AR value after netting × (1 / K) ...(Formula 12)

[0264] If the data h1a (AR value after netting) is positive, and the AR applied to the data h1a (AR value after netting) is smaller than the original AR, the control load calculation unit 52 determines that the power supply from the power system is insufficient and corrects the AR applied to the data h1a (AR value after netting) to the positive side using (Equation 12).

[0265] (Condition 2: If the AR value after netting is < 0, and the AR value is < the AR value after netting) If the data h1a (AR value after netting) is positive, and the AR applied to the data h1a (AR value after netting) is greater than the original AR, the control share calculation unit 52 corrects the data h1a (AR value after netting) using the reciprocal of the system constant K as shown in (Equation 13), and obtains a new data h1a (AR value after netting).

[0266] (If the AR value after netting is < 0, and the original AR value is < the AR value after netting) Corrected AR value after netting = AR value after netting × (1 / K) ...(Formula 13)

[0267] If the data h1a (AR value after netting) is negative, and the AR applied to the data h1a (AR value after netting) is greater than the original AR, the control load calculation unit 52 determines that the power supply from the power system is excessive, and corrects the AR applied to the data h1a (AR value after netting) to the negative side using (Equation 13).

[0268] (Condition 3: If neither Condition 1 nor Condition 2 above applies) If the above conditions 1 or 2 are not met, the control load calculation unit 52 does not correct the data h1a (netted AR value). Alternatively, the control load calculation unit 52 uses the corrected netted AR value as shown in (Equation 14). Corrected netting AR value = Netting AR value ...(Formula 14)

[0269] The control load calculation unit 52 corrects the data h1a (AR value after netting) using the reciprocal of the system constant K according to (Equation 12) and (Equation 13) above. However, the data h1a (AR value after netting) may also be corrected using the mean value or median value of the system constant K.

[0270] In this case, it is preferable to assign a priority order for power supply to each area and then correct the data h1a (AR value after netting) that has this priority order secured.

[0271] Figures 21 and 22 show examples of correction for data h1a (AR value after netting). As shown in Figures 21 and 22, the "corrected AR" is corrected according to conditions 1, 2, and 3 described above.

[0272] For example, the netted AR value for "Area A" is 50 MW, and the netted AR value is > 0. Also, the original AR value is 90 MW, and the original AR value is > the netted AR value. Since the reciprocal of the system constant K is 1.67, the netted AR value of 50 MW is corrected to 83.33 MW by (Equation 12), and this becomes the new data h1a (netted AR value).

[0273] According to the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 and power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of this embodiment, a system constant K is selected according to the frequency fluctuation. Furthermore, since the ART value is selected by constant frequency control (FFC) or frequency bias interconnection line power control (TBC), more appropriate power supply and demand adjustment is performed in accordance with the grid condition. Regional demand (AR) is corrected by frequency bias interconnection line power control (TBC), so supply and demand adjustment is performed with reduced regional disparities, thereby improving the control performance in power supply and demand adjustment.

[0274] [3-2. Effects] (1) According to this embodiment, the regional total demand detection unit of the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 selects a system constant K that indicates the ratio of required power per unit frequency in response to fluctuations in the frequency of the power system, and corrects the detected regional total demand to be controlled using a regional demand calculation formula that includes the system constant K. This suppresses the concentration of adjustment power in a certain area and provides a power supply and demand adjustment device 5 that can adjust power supply and demand more efficiently over a wide area.

[0275] The regional total demand detection unit is the netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550, or the ART calculation unit 71 and netting unit 51 of the central power supply device 570.

[0276] According to the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of this embodiment, a system constant K is selected according to the frequency fluctuation. This enables more accurate power supply and demand adjustment that responds to frequency fluctuations. As a result, the control performance in power supply and demand adjustment can be improved.

[0277] (2) Each of the multiple power supply and demand control devices 2 calculates regional demand (AR) based on the renewable energy power generation value, frequency change, and power flow change of the power grid, and has an AR calculation unit 24 that corrects the calculated regional demand (AR) using a regional demand calculation formula that includes system constants corresponding to fluctuations in the frequency of the power grid. The AR calculation unit 24 corrects the regional demand AR and transmits it to the power supply and demand adjustment device 5. The regional total demand detection unit of the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 detects the regional total demand to be controlled based on the regional demand power (AR) transmitted from the power supply and demand control device 2. This suppresses the concentration of adjustment power in a certain area and provides a power supply and demand adjustment system 1 that can adjust power supply and demand more efficiently over a wide area.

[0278] [4. Fourth Embodiment] [4-1. Structure and Function] A power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the fourth embodiment will now be described. In the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the fourth embodiment, the calculation performed by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550, or the control share calculation unit 52 of the central power supply device 570, differs from that of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment. The configuration of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as that of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment.

[0279] In the following description, we will explain the operation that differs from that of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment. We will omit the explanation of the operation that is the same as that of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment.

[0280] In the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 adjusts the AR after netting and creates data h2 (control share) based on the interconnection line power flow constraint, which is the margin of power transmission between areas.

[0281] The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or central power supply device 570, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the fourth embodiment, adjusts the AR of multiple areas including power sources with different output change rates and creates data h2 (control share). Power sources with different output change rates may be renewable energy power generation facilities or storage batteries.

[0282] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, suppresses the input and output power of power sources with different output change rates to a predetermined amount of change in input and output power per unit time or less, and calculates the control load for each of the multiple areas.

[0283] The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or central power supply device 570, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the fourth embodiment, may further suppress the input and output power of power sources with different output change rates to less than or equal to a predetermined amount of change in input and output power per unit time, in addition to the operations according to the first to third embodiments, and calculate the control share for each of the multiple areas.

[0284] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, suppresses the input and output power of power sources with different output change rates to less than or equal to the amount of change in input and output power required for the set input and output schedule, and calculates the control load for each of the multiple areas.

[0285] The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or central power supply device 570, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the fourth embodiment, may further suppress the input and output power of power sources with different output change rates to less than or equal to the amount of change in input and output power related to the set input and output schedule, in addition to the operations according to the first to third embodiments, and calculate the control share for each of the multiple areas.

[0286] The processing according to this embodiment is performed in the control share calculation step S52 of the program for the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 shown in Figure 5, and in the control share calculation step S52 of the program for the central power supply device 570 shown in Figure 6.

[0287] The calculation performed by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment, is suitable for supply and demand adjustment related to existing power sources such as thermal power plants and hydroelectric power plants.

[0288] However, in recent years, the introduction of power sources with different output change rates, such as storage batteries and renewable energy power generation facilities (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "spot power sources"), has been promoted. It is desirable to have more appropriate power supply and demand adjustments that include spot power sources. The output change rate of spot power sources differs from that of existing power sources such as thermal power plants and hydroelectric power plants. Therefore, if the power from spot power sources changes rapidly, it may have an adverse effect on the power grid.

[0289] The selling price of electricity from spot power sources (sometimes called the "spot price") fluctuates depending on the time of day. Therefore, electricity from spot power sources may be used rapidly during the times when the selling price is low, as shown in Figures 23 and 24.

[0290] For example, if the spot power source is a solar power generation system, which is a type of renewable energy generation equipment, the spot price will be low during the daytime when the output of the solar power generation system is high (for example, 0.01 yen / kWh). During this time, storage batteries may charge all at once, and the power from the solar power generation system may be used rapidly as a spot power source.

[0291] Furthermore, there is a possibility that electricity from spot power sources may suddenly cease to be used during times when spot prices are high. For example, spot prices tend to be high during the evening hours when the output of solar power generation equipment is low. During this time, storage batteries may discharge simultaneously, potentially leading to a sudden decrease in the amount of electricity from storage batteries used as spot power sources.

[0292] To mitigate the effects of sudden fluctuations in power usage due to spot power sources as described above, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area power supply adjustment device 550 or central power supply device 570, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment, creates data h2 (control share) by the following calculation.

[0293] Generally, during periods of light load such as sunny weather or on holidays, the output of renewable energy power generation equipment, which is a spot power source, increases. As a result, batteries may charge simultaneously during the daytime, potentially causing sudden fluctuations in power. Similarly, batteries may discharge simultaneously during the evening, potentially causing sudden fluctuations in power. In such cases, it is preferable that the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, either the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, perform more appropriate power supply and demand adjustment control.

[0294] Recently, there has been a push for the efficient use of energy. This may lead to the introduction of systems that encourage the charging of storage batteries. This could potentially change the trends in the electricity market.

[0295] The electricity market trends may change as follows: a. The spot market may become a simultaneous market for the day before. In this case, it will be possible to bid in both the kWh market and the ΔkW market. b. A system may be introduced that prioritizes the use of storage batteries as a means of balancing power. c. Pricing that incorporates performance value may be introduced.

[0296] The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or central power supply device 570 of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment performs calculations related to the adjustment force distribution by load frequency control (LFC), which can be applied to the above-mentioned anticipated market trends, and calculates data h2 (control share).

[0297] (A. Suppression of abrupt power changes by limiting the output change rate) Figure 23 shows the relationship between the amount of control applied to power from spot power sources and the electricity price (spot price). Figure 24 shows the amount of control applied to power from spot power sources and the electricity price at different times. Sharp fluctuations in power from spot power sources are expected when the spot price is low (Figure 23a), when output control is performed (Figure 23b), or when the spot price is high (Figure 23c).

[0298] When spot prices are low (Figure 23a) or when output control is implemented (Figure 23b), battery charging may begin simultaneously, potentially causing sharp fluctuations in power. When spot prices are high (Figure 23c), battery discharge may begin simultaneously, potentially causing sharp fluctuations in power.

[0299] The control share calculation unit 52 of the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is either the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, performs calculations related to the adjustment force distribution by load frequency control (LFC) according to the set upper limit of the output change rate, and calculates data h2 (control share). The upper limit of the output change rate is a numerical value that indicates the upper limit of the amount of change in input and output power per unit time due to spot power sources. The upper limit of the output change rate is set in advance and stored in the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is either the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570.

[0300] For example, let's consider a case where the electricity supply and demand plan is made the day before, as follows. Time periods when spot prices are lower: 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, or output control: 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM Time when spot prices are highest: 5 PM to 8 AM the following day

[0301] As described above, when power supply and demand are planned, the rate of change in battery output during periods when sharp changes in input and output power due to spot power sources are expected should be set to, for example, 1 / 10th of the upper limit of the output change rate. This suppresses sharp changes in input and output power due to spot power sources.

[0302] The rapid changes in input and output power due to spot power sources are caused, for example, by the charging and discharging of batteries placed at the spot power sources. As an example, the control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area power supply adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, which is a power supply adjustment device 5, suppresses the charging and discharging of batteries placed at spot power sources based on a set upper limit of the output change rate, performs calculations related to the adjustment force distribution by load frequency control (LFC), and calculates data h2 (control load).

[0303] (B. Suppression of abrupt power fluctuations through scheduling) When spot prices fluctuate, sharp fluctuations in power supply due to spot power sources are expected. When spot prices are low (Figure 23a) or when output control is implemented (Figure 23b), simultaneous charging of batteries may begin, potentially causing sharp power fluctuations. When spot prices are high (Figure 23c), simultaneous discharging of batteries may begin, potentially causing sharp power fluctuations.

[0304] The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, which is the power supply and demand adjustment device 5, performs calculations related to the adjustment force allocation by load frequency control (LFC) according to the set input / output power schedule and calculates data h2 (control share). The input / output power schedule is a schedule that shows the planned input / output power per hour by spot power sources. The input / output power schedule is set in advance and stored in the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570.

[0305] The input / output power schedule is created based on the amount of power controlled by the spot power source and the forecast of the electricity price (spot price). The input / output power schedule is, for example, a plan for charging and discharging batteries placed at the spot power source.

[0306] For example, consider a case where the input / output power schedule is planned as follows. Time periods when spot prices are lower: 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, or output control: 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM Time when spot prices are highest: 5 PM to 8 AM the following day

[0307] For example, based on the above input / output power schedule, the control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 calculates data h2 (control load) by performing calculations related to the adjustment force distribution by load frequency control (LFC) under the condition that charging and discharging of the storage battery is performed from 8:00 to 17:00 when spot prices are low, or from 10:00 to 14:00 when output control is performed, and charging and discharging of the storage battery is not performed at other times.

[0308] For example, the control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 may perform calculations related to the adjustment force distribution by load frequency control (LFC) so that the battery is charged in a way that avoids full charge during the period from 8:00 to 17:00 when spot prices are low, and calculate data h2 (control load). For example, the calculations related to the adjustment force distribution are performed so that charging is completed at 80% of the battery capacity.

[0309] Furthermore, the control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 may perform calculations related to the adjustment force distribution by load frequency control (LFC) so that the battery is fully charged during battery charging from 10:00 to 14:00 when output control is performed, and calculate data h2 (control load).

[0310] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 may be configured to allocate adjustment power according to the control amount for power from spot power sources. For example, power from spot power sources with large control amounts may be preferentially allocated to the adjustment power (ΔkW).

[0311] Furthermore, the control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 may perform calculations related to the adjustment force distribution by load frequency control (LFC) in order to ensure that the battery is charged in accordance with the charging schedule and avoids full charge during the charging of the battery from 10:00 to 14:00 when output control is performed, and calculate data h2 (control load). For example, the calculations related to the adjustment force distribution are performed so that charging is completed at 80% of the battery capacity.

[0312] The control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570 may be configured so that power from spot power sources is allocated to the adjustment capacity (ΔkW) during output control.

[0313] The rapid changes in input and output power due to spot power sources are caused, for example, by the charging and discharging of batteries placed at the spot power sources. As an example, the control load calculation unit 52 of the wide-area power supply adjustment device 550 or the central power supply device 570, which is a power supply adjustment device 5, suppresses the charging and discharging of batteries placed at spot power sources based on a set input and output power schedule, performs calculations related to the adjustment force distribution by load frequency control (LFC), and calculates data h2 (control load).

[0314] This allows the input and output power of the battery to be adjusted according to the magnitude of the output control amount and the time of day, suppressing frequency fluctuations in the power grid and improving the control performance of the power grid.

[0315] [4-2. Effects] (1) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the power supply and demand adjustment device 5 suppresses the input and output power of power sources with different output change rates to a predetermined amount of change in input and output power per unit time or less, and calculates the control share for each of the multiple areas. As a result, a power supply and demand adjustment system 1 can be provided that suppresses the concentration of adjustment power in a certain area through more stable control, and can perform power supply and demand adjustment more efficiently over a wide area.

[0316] The power supply and demand adjustment device 5's control load calculation unit 52 suppresses the input and output power of power sources with different output change rates to a predetermined change per unit time or less. This makes it possible to perform more stable control even in power systems that include power sources with different output change rates.

[0317] (2) According to this embodiment, the power supply and demand adjustment device 5's control share calculation unit 52 suppresses the input and output power of power sources with different output change rates to less than or equal to the change in input and output power required for the set input and output schedule, and calculates the control share for each of the multiple areas. As a result, it is possible to provide a power supply and demand adjustment system 1 that can adjust power supply and demand more efficiently over a wide area by suppressing the concentration of adjustment power in a certain area through more stable control.

[0318] The power supply and demand adjustment device 5's control load calculation unit 52 suppresses the input and output power of power sources with different output change rates to less than or equal to the change amount required for the set input / output schedule. This makes it possible to perform more stable control even in power systems that include power sources with different output change rates.

[0319] [5. Other Embodiments] While embodiments, including variations, have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their variations are included in the scope and spirit of the invention, as well as in the claims and their equivalents. The following is an example.

[0320] (1) In the above embodiment, the generator 91 is assumed to be a thermal, hydroelectric, or other type of generator. However, the generator 91 is not limited to this. The generator 91 may also be a storage battery or a demand response (DR) generator.

[0321] (2) In the above embodiment, the natural energy power generation equipment 92 may be a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, an ocean current power generation device, or a geothermal power generation device.

[0322] (3) In the above embodiment, the input unit 21 is a receiving circuit, but it is not limited to this. The input unit 21 may also be a memory port or a keyboard input device. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0323] 1. Electricity supply and demand adjustment system 2. Power supply and demand control device 21, 21a, 21b, 21n... Input section 22,22a,22b,22n...output section 23, 23a, 23b, 23n... Target value creation section 24. AR Calculation Unit 25...AR smooth part 26. AR Distribution Department 27. EDC Schedule Calculation Unit 31. AR Transmitter 32. Information Transmission Section 33. LFC Control Output Command Receiving Unit 34... Switching section 4...Interconnection lines 5. Power supply and demand adjustment device 550... Wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 570... Central power supply unit 51...Netting Department 52. Control Share Calculation Unit 53...Power supply command creation unit 71...ART calculation section 72...Selection section 91, 91a, 91b, 91n... Generators 92, 92a, 92b, 92n... Renewable energy power generation equipment 93.. Detection device 97,97a,97b,97n...Signal line 98,98a,98b,98n...Signal line

Claims

1. A regional total power requirement detection unit detects the total regional power requirement, which is the sum of the adjustment amounts for each of the multiple areas subject to control, based on the regional power requirement (AR) requested for each of the multiple areas subject to control. A control share calculation unit calculates the control share of each of the multiple areas that are subject to control by distributing the total regional demand detected by the regional total demand detection unit to each of the multiple areas that are subject to control, The system includes a power command creation unit that creates and outputs command values ​​for each of the multiple areas based on the control share of each of the multiple areas calculated by the control share calculation unit, The control load calculation unit calculates the control load based on the power flow constraints on the interconnection lines between the multiple areas that are subject to control. Power supply and demand adjustment device.

2. The control share calculation unit, when multiple areas are separated, targets multiple areas that are not separated for control and calculates the control share of each of the multiple areas based on the surplus amount related to the power flow constraints of the interconnection lines between the multiple areas that are not separated. The power supply and demand adjustment device according to claim 1.

3. The regional total demand detection unit selects a system constant that indicates the ratio of required power per unit frequency in response to fluctuations in the power system frequency, and corrects the detected regional total demand, which is the target of control, using a regional demand calculation formula that includes the system constant. The power supply and demand adjustment device according to claim 1.

4. The control load calculation unit suppresses the input and output power of a spot power source, which includes at least one of a renewable energy power generation facility and a storage battery, to a predetermined change in input and output power per unit time or less, and calculates the control load for each of the multiple areas. The power supply and demand adjustment device according to claim 1.

5. The control load calculation unit suppresses the input / output power of a spot power source, which includes at least one of a renewable energy power generation facility and a storage battery, to less than or equal to the change in input / output power related to the set input / output schedule, and calculates the control load for each of the multiple areas. The power supply and demand adjustment device according to claim 1.

6. The aforementioned power supply and demand adjustment device is The regional total demand detection unit calculates the sum of the regional power demands (AR) received from each of the multiple areas, and detects the regional total demand. Based on the detected total regional demand, the control share is calculated, and based on the control share, command values ​​are created for each of the multiple areas. This is a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device that adjusts the power supply and demand of multiple aforementioned areas. A power supply and demand adjustment device according to any one of claims 2 to 5.

7. The aforementioned power supply and demand adjustment device is The system receives frequencies from multiple areas and detects the total regional demand based on the frequencies using the regional total demand detection unit. Based on the detected total regional demand, the control share is calculated, and based on the control share, command values ​​are created for each of the multiple areas. A central power supply device that controls the power supply to multiple aforementioned areas, A power supply and demand adjustment device according to any one of claims 2 to 5.

8. A regional total power requirement detection unit detects the total regional power requirement, which is the sum of the adjustment amounts for each of the multiple areas subject to control, based on the regional power requirement (AR) requested for each of the multiple areas subject to control. A control share calculation unit calculates the control share of each of the multiple areas that are subject to control by distributing the total regional demand detected by the regional total demand detection unit to each of the multiple areas that are subject to control, Each power command creation unit creates and outputs a command value for each of the multiple areas based on the control load amount for each of the multiple areas calculated by the control load amount calculation unit, A power supply and demand adjustment device having, The system includes a target value creation unit that creates a target power generation value for the generator to be controlled based on the command values ​​created by each of the power command creation units, and transmits the target power generation value to the generator. It has multiple power supply and demand control devices, The control load calculation unit calculates the control load based on the power flow constraints on the interconnection lines between the multiple areas that are subject to control. Electricity supply and demand adjustment system.

9. Multiple power supply and demand control devices each have an AR calculation unit that calculates the regional demand (AR) based on the renewable energy power generation value, frequency change, and power flow change of the power system, and corrects the calculated regional demand (AR) using a formula for calculating regional demand that includes system constants corresponding to fluctuations in the frequency of the power system. The regional demand amount (AR) corrected by the AR calculation unit is transmitted to the power supply and demand adjustment device. The regional total demand detection unit of the power supply and demand adjustment device detects the regional total demand to be controlled based on the regional demand power (AR) transmitted from the power supply and demand control device. The power supply and demand adjustment system according to claim 8.

10. On the computer, A regional total power requirement detection step detects the total regional total power requirement, which is the sum of the adjustment amounts for each of the multiple areas subject to control, based on the regional power requirement (AR) requested for each of the multiple areas subject to control. A control share calculation step involves distributing the total regional demand detected in the regional total demand detection step to each of the multiple areas subject to control, and calculating the control share for each of the multiple areas. The power command creation step includes creating and outputting command values ​​for each of the multiple areas based on the control share of each of the multiple areas calculated in the control share calculation step, The control share calculation step involves calculating the control share based on the power flow constraints on the interconnection lines between the multiple areas that are subject to control. Computer program for power supply and demand adjustment device.

11. A regional total power requirement detection procedure for detecting the total regional power requirement, which is the sum of the adjustment amounts for each of the multiple areas subject to control, based on the regional power requirement (AR) requested for each of the areas subject to control, A control share calculation procedure that distributes the total regional demand detected by the regional total demand detection procedure to each of the multiple areas subject to control, and calculates the control share of each of the multiple areas, The procedure includes creating and outputting command values ​​for each of the multiple areas based on the control share of each of the multiple areas calculated by the control share calculation procedure, The control load calculation procedure calculates the control load based on the power flow constraints on the interconnection lines between the multiple areas that are subject to control. Methods for adjusting electricity supply and demand.

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