Structures and methods for constructing structures

Abstract

This facilitates the construction of structures to protect equipment and other items. [Solution] The structure comprises support columns 1 arranged in parallel in one direction and in other directions intersecting the other direction, horizontal members 2 connecting adjacent support columns 1 in one direction and in other directions, and resin panels 4a, 4b attached to the side portion 5 and the top portion 7 or either of them of the frame body 3 consisting of the support columns 1 and the horizontal members 2.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a structure in which panels are attached to a frame body and a method for constructing the same. [Background Art]

[0002] When conducting field activities, structures such as shelters, containers, and bunkers are sometimes constructed on the ground surface to protect personnel and equipment. As such a structure, the one described in Patent Document 1, for example, is known.

[0003] In the structure of Patent Document 1, a self-supporting frame body is constituted by vertically erected support columns and horizontal members that horizontally connect the upper ends of the respective support columns. The side surfaces and top surface of the frame body are covered with panels welded to the support columns and the horizontal members. [Prior Art Documents] [Patent Documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 4898309 [Summary of the Invention] [Problem to be Solved by the Invention]

[0005] Panels used in conventional structures are often made of metal or wood, and are heavy. Therefore, heavy machinery is required when transporting panels to the construction site and when attaching panels to the frame body, which requires a great deal of labor and time. In field activities, such structures are required to be lightweight, easy to carry, and capable of being constructed easily and quickly.

[0006] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to enable easy and quick construction of a structure for protecting personnel, equipment and the like. [Means for Solving the Problem]

[0007] To solve the above problems, this invention employs a structure with the following configuration. [Configuration 1] Support columns arranged in parallel in one direction and in another direction intersecting the said one direction, A horizontal member connecting adjacent support columns in one direction and in other directions, A structure comprising a frame body consisting of the support columns and the horizontal members, and a resin panel attached to the side and / or top portions of the frame body, or to either of them.

[0008] [Configuration 2] The panel is a structure according to configuration 1, having a hollow structure.

[0009] [Configuration 3] The support column is provided with a wall panel support that protrudes to the outside of the frame body. The structure according to configuration 1 or 2, wherein the wall panel attached to the side portion of the panel is suspended between the wall panel supports of adjacent support columns.

[0010] [Structure 4] The wall panel support consists of a horizontal board on which the wall panel is suspended and vertical boards extending vertically from the horizontal board. The structure according to configuration 3, wherein the wall panel is positioned by the vertical board material in a direction in which the support columns are parallel.

[0011] [Composition 5] A backing member is attached to the wall panel support to sandwich the wall panel between itself and the support column. The structure according to configuration 3 or 4, wherein the support member restricts the movement of the wall panel in a direction away from the support column.

[0012] [Composition 6] The horizontal member on the upper surface is provided with a positioning member that protrudes upward. The positioning member is a structure according to any one of configurations 1 to 5, which restricts the lateral movement of the ceiling panel attached to the upper surface of the panel.

[0013] [Configuration 7] The structure according to any one of Configurations 1 to 6, wherein a shaped steel is used for the support pillars and the horizontal member.

[0014] [Configuration 8] A method for constructing the structure according to any one of Configurations 1 to 7, comprising: a support pillar erecting step of erecting the support pillars; a horizontal member installing step of spanning the horizontal member between the support pillars; a panel installing step of installing the panel on the frame body; the method for constructing a structure comprising the above steps.

[0015] [Configuration 9] The method for constructing a structure according to Configuration 8, further comprising an earth embanking step of piling soil on an outer side of the panel during the panel installing step.

[0016] [Configuration 10] The method for constructing a structure according to Configuration 8 or 9, further comprising a panel fixing step of fixing the panel to the frame body by winding a belt around the panel after the panel installing step. Effects of the Invention

[0017] In the structure of the present invention, the panels are made of resin and are lightweight, so there is no need to use heavy machinery or the like during transportation, and transportation is easy. Furthermore, wall panels can be stacked manually, which facilitates the construction work of wall surfaces and ceiling surfaces. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] [Figure 1] Perspective view of the structure of the embodiment [Figure 2] Front view of FIG. 1 [Figure 3] Side view of FIG. 1 [Figure 4] Partially enlarged cross-sectional view around the abutting member of FIG. 1 [Figure 5] Perspective view showing a state immediately before installing a support pillar on the base of FIG. 1 [Figure 6]Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the state before the panel was installed. [Figure 7] This is a perspective view showing the state after wall panels have been installed on the side and rear of Figure 6. [Figure 8] This figure shows the state after installing the wall panel on the lower section, compared to the state in Figure 6. [Figure 9] This figure shows the state after adding soil to the outside of the wall panel, compared to the state shown in Figure 8. [Figure 10] This figure shows the state after the wall panels and ceiling panels have been installed, and after the top of the ceiling panels has been filled with soil. [Figure 11] Figure 4 shows a modified version of the backing member. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0019] Embodiments of this invention will be described based on the drawings. As shown in Figure 1, the structure 30 of this embodiment comprises a support column 1, a horizontal member 2, and resin panels 4a and 4b attached to a self-supporting frame (frame body) 3 consisting of the support column 1 and the horizontal member 2. This structure 30 is used to protect personnel and equipment when conducting outdoor activities. However, it can also be used for other purposes, and can be used as various facilities such as shelters, containers, and bunkers installed on the ground or in pits.

[0020] In the following embodiments, the sides of the rectangular parallelepiped frame 3 facing sideways (the sides composed of the support columns 1 and the horizontal members 2 connecting the support columns 1) are referred to as the side portion 5, the back portion 6, and the front portion 8, respectively, and the side of the rectangular parallelepiped frame 3 facing upward (the top surface composed of the support columns 1 and the horizontal members 2 connecting the support columns 1) is referred to as the top portion 7 (see Figures 1 and 6).

[0021] As shown in Figures 1 and 6, panels 4a are provided on the side 5 and rear 6 of the frame body 3, and panel 4b is provided on the top 7, thereby creating a space inside the structure 30. The front 8 of the frame body 3 is open, allowing people to enter and exit from there. In this embodiment, the direction from the front 8 to the rear 6 is defined as the front-to-back direction, the direction from one side 5 to the other of the two side 5s is defined as the left-to-right direction, and the direction in which the support column 1 extends is defined as the up-and-down direction.

[0022] As shown in Figure 6, the support columns 1 are erected in parallel in one direction (the width direction (left-right direction) of the front section 8) and in another direction intersecting the other direction (the depth direction (front-back direction) connecting the front section 8 and the rear section 6). The support columns 1 are arranged in two rows in the left-right direction and in three rows in the front-back direction. Each support column 1 is attached to a base 9 installed on the ground G. As shown in Figure 5, structural steel (H-shaped steel in this embodiment) is used for the support columns 1. At the lower end of the support column 1, a flat plate 11 is provided that connects the ends of the flanges 10 on both sides of the H-shaped steel, and bolt holes 12 for attaching the support column 1 to the base 9 are provided in the flanges 10 and the flat plate 11. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, at the rear section 6 of the frame body 3, two support columns 1 are erected in a state where they are touching in the front-back direction. Of these support columns 1, the inner support column 1 in the front-to-back direction has its flange 10 facing left-to-right, while the outer support column 1 in the front-to-back direction has its flange 10 facing front-to-back.

[0023] As shown in Figure 5, the base 9 consists of a flat plate portion 13 fixed to the ground G and a groove-shaped portion 14 protruding upward from the flat plate portion 13. The groove-shaped portion 14 is provided with the groove opening facing sideways, and is formed so that the support column 1 can be fitted into it from above. The groove-shaped portion 14 is provided with bolt holes 15 at positions corresponding to the bolt holes 12 of the support column 1 when fitted into it. The support column 1 is fixed to the groove-shaped portion 14 with bolts and nuts via the bolt holes 12 and 15.

[0024] As shown in Figure 6, the horizontal members 2 connect adjacent support columns 1 in the left-right direction and adjacent support columns 1 in the front-back direction. Structural steel (channel steel in the front-back direction and H-shaped steel in the left-right direction in this embodiment) is used for the horizontal members 2. Because structural steel is used for both the support columns 1 and the horizontal members 2 of this structure 30, it has high strength and low cost.

[0025] The horizontal members 2 oriented in the front-to-back direction are arranged in two rows in the left-to-right direction at the upper end of the support column 1, and the horizontal members 2 oriented in the left-to-right direction are arranged in three rows in the front-to-back direction. Similarly, at the lower end of the support column 1, the horizontal members 2 oriented in the front-to-back direction are arranged in two rows in the left-to-right direction, and the horizontal members 2 oriented in the left-to-right direction are arranged in three rows in the front-to-back direction. Flat plates 16 extending in the vertical direction are provided at both ends of the horizontal members 2, and bolt holes 17 for fixing them to the support column 1 are provided in the flat plates 16. The horizontal members 2 are fixed to the support column 1 with bolts and nuts via bolt holes 12 (see Figure 5) and bolt holes 17.

[0026] Multiple wall panel supports 18 are provided vertically on the flange 10 of the support column 1, projecting outward from the frame body 3. The wall panel supports 18 are provided on the support columns 1 of the side sections 5 on both sides and the support columns 1 of the rear section 6. Each wall panel support 18 consists of a horizontal plate 19 over which the wall panel 4a (see Figure 1) is placed, and a vertical plate 20 extending vertically (downward in this embodiment) from the horizontal plate 19. The horizontal plate 19 is provided so that its surface faces vertically. In this embodiment, the vertical plate 20 is provided in the center of the width direction of the horizontal plate 19.

[0027] As shown in Figures 6 and 7, wall panels 4a are stretched across wall panel supports 18 on adjacent support columns 1. The wall panels 4a are attached between the vertical boards 20 of adjacent support columns 1 and are positioned in a direction in which the support columns 1 are parallel. Multiple wall panels 4a are attached to both side sections 5 and the back section 6 to form a wall surface. This structure 30 is easy to construct because the wall surface can be built simply by stretching the wall panels 4a across the wall panel supports 18. In addition, the vertical boards 20 provide horizontal positioning for the wall panels 4a, making it easy to determine the installation position of the wall panels 4a, which also simplifies the construction process.

[0028] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the wall panel 4a is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a long side and has a hollow structure 21. The side portion 5 and the back portion 6 are constructed by stacking two wall panels 4a. The hollow structure 21 of the wall panel 4a is formed by a plurality of holes 21 that penetrate the wall panel 4a in the longitudinal direction. Specifically, the holes 21 are formed in a rectangular cross-section and are provided in one row in the thickness direction and multiple rows in the width direction of a single wall panel 4a. However, the holes 21 can also be arranged in multiple rows (for example, two rows) in the thickness direction of the wall panel 4a. In this case, the side portion 5 and the back portion 6 can also be constructed from a single wall panel 4a. When only one row of holes 21 is formed in the thickness direction of the wall panel 4a, rather than multiple rows, it is easier to form without applying load during pultrusion. Also, in this case, since the wall panel 4a is thin, it is easy to adjust the thickness of the wall when stacking multiple wall panels 4a.

[0029] The wall panels 4a of the side section 5 are installed vertically, with their longitudinal direction facing the front-to-back direction (perpendicular to the plane of the paper in Figure 2) and their width direction facing the up-and-down direction. As shown in Figure 3, the wall panels 4a of the rear section 6 are installed vertically, with their longitudinal direction facing the left-to-right direction (perpendicular to the plane of the paper in Figure 3) and their width direction facing the up-and-down direction. Since the wall panels 4a are rectangular parallelepipeds rather than thin plates, they are easy to place on the wall panel supports 18.

[0030] As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the wall panel support 18 is fitted with a backing member 22 that sandwiches the wall panel 4a between itself and the support column 1 when the wall panel 4a is placed across the wall panel support 18. The backing member 22 is made of a plate-like material. The backing member 22 is positioned opposite the width surface of the wall panel 4a and is positioned to rest on the end of the wall panel 4a. Various materials such as resin may be used as the material for the backing member 22, but in this embodiment, metal is used, for example, steel, aluminum, stainless steel, etc.

[0031] As shown in Figure 4, the lower part of the support member 22 is provided with a groove 23 cut out downwards. The tip of the wall panel support 18 is provided with grooves 24 cut out laterally outwards on both sides, and the groove 23 is inserted into the groove 24. The upper part of the support member 22 is bent so as to protrude outwards from the wall panel 4a. The support member 22 may be hot-dip galvanized. The support member 22 restricts the movement of the wall panel 4a away from the support column 1, making it difficult for the wall panel 4a to come off.

[0032] As shown in Figure 7, the horizontal members 2 of the upper surface 7 are provided with positioning members 25 that protrude upward and extend in the left-right direction. The positioning members 25 are formed in a plate shape. As shown in Figures 1 and 7, ceiling panels 4b are stretched across adjacent horizontal members 2 of the upper surface 7. The ceiling panels 4b are installed so that their longitudinal direction is the front-to-back direction. Multiple ceiling panels 4b are arranged to form the ceiling surface. The ceiling panels 4b are attached between the positioning members 25 of adjacent horizontal members 2 and are positioned in the direction in which the support columns 1 are parallel (front-to-back direction). The positioning members 25 restrict the lateral movement (front-to-back direction) of the ceiling panels 4b. The positioning members 25 make it easy to determine the installation position of the ceiling panels 4b on the upper surface 7, and the installation work is easy. In this embodiment, the positioning member 25 is provided continuously along the entire length of the horizontal member 2, but the positioning member 25 may be provided only in part of the entire length of the horizontal member 2, or it may be provided intermittently along the longitudinal direction of the horizontal member 2.

[0033] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the ceiling panel 4b is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape and has a hollow structure 21. The hollow structure 21 of the ceiling panel 4b is formed by a plurality of holes 21 that penetrate in the longitudinal direction of the ceiling panel 4b. The holes 21 are formed in a rectangular cross-section and are arranged in the width direction of the ceiling panel 4b. As shown in Figure 1, the rear side (back side) of the upper surface portion 7 is provided with a ceiling panel 4b that extends in the left-right direction.

[0034] The wall panel 4a and ceiling panel 4b are FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic) pultruded molded bodies formed by pultrude molding of FRP. The wall panel 4a and ceiling panel 4b have a hollow structure 21, and the hollow structure 21 acts as a reinforcing rib, making them lightweight and high-strength.

[0035] As shown in Figure 1, the structure 30 is equipped with a belt 26 that wraps around the entire structure 30 perpendicular to the front-to-back direction, tightening multiple horizontal members 2 oriented in the front-to-back direction from the outside to the inside. The belt 26 is provided so as to pass through the center of the wall panel 4a and the center of the ceiling panel 4b. The belt 26 is provided at two locations along the longitudinal direction of each wall panel 4a. The wall panel 4a and ceiling panel 4b are fixed to the frame body 3 not only by the fastening members 22 but also by the belt 26, making them even less likely to come off.

[0036] The construction method for this structure 30 will now be explained. First, as shown in Figure 5, a column erection process is performed in which the support columns 1 are erected on the ground (fixed in an upright position). The support columns 1 are erected by attaching them to a base 9 installed on the ground G. At this time, the support columns 1 are positioned so that the wall panel supports 18 face outwards from the frame body 3 (see Figure 6). After the column erection process, a horizontal member installation process is performed in which horizontal members 2 are stretched between the support columns 1, as shown in Figure 6. The horizontal members 2 are installed so as to connect adjacent support columns 1 at their upper and lower ends.

[0037] After the horizontal member installation process, a panel installation process is performed in which panels 4a and 4b are installed on the frame body 3, as shown in Figure 7. The wall panel 4a is placed between the vertical board members 20 of adjacent wall panel supports 18 and stretched across the wall panel supports 18. Then, with the wall panel 4a stretched across the wall panel supports 18, a support member 22 is attached to sandwich the wall panel 4a between the support column 1. After that, as shown in Figure 1, the ceiling panel 4b is placed between the positioning members 25 of adjacent horizontal members 2 and stretched across the horizontal members 2. After the panel installation process, a panel fixing process is performed in which panels 4a and 4b are secured to the frame body 3 by wrapping a belt 26 around them. The structure 30 is constructed through the above steps.

[0038] As shown in Figures 8 to 10, during the panel installation process, an embankment process can be performed in which soil M is piled up on the outside of the wall panels 4a. The wall panels 4a are stacked from the bottom up, and when a certain height is reached, the embankment is performed. The wall panels 4a are then stacked further from the embankment. By repeating the embankment process, the distance from the scaffolding to the installation locations of the wall panels 4a and ceiling panels 4b is always kept short, making the installation work easier. Even if there are some gaps between the wall panels 4a, since the wall panels 4a are rectangular and thicker than sheet metal, the soil M piled up on the outside of the wall panels 4a does not reach the inside of the structure 30 through the gaps.

[0039] In this embodiment, the structure 30 has panels 4a and 4b made of resin, making them lightweight and eliminating the need for heavy machinery during transport, thus facilitating transportation. Furthermore, the panels 4a and 4b can be stacked manually, simplifying the construction of walls and ceilings.

[0040] In the above embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, panels 4a and 4b are provided on the side portion 5, rear portion 6, and top portion 7 of the frame body 3. However, it is also possible to provide panel 4a only on the side portion 5 and rear portion 6. Alternatively, panel 4a can also be provided on the front portion 8.

[0041] In the above embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, the support member 22 has a groove 23 cut out at the bottom. However, as shown in Figure 11, a hole 27 corresponding to the shape of the tip of the horizontal plate 19 of the wall panel support 18 can also be provided in the center of the support member 22. The hole 27 is elongated, with a round hole formed in the center. The diameter of the round hole is larger than the width of the portion of the horizontal plate 19 where the groove 24 is formed. This allows the support member 22 to rotate at the position where the groove 24 is located when it is inserted into the horizontal plate 19. By rotating the support member 22 to the position where the horizontal plate 19 and the hole 27 intersect, the support member 22 is locked in place so that it does not come off the horizontal plate 19.

[0042] In this embodiment, the structure of the present invention was described using a structure in which the support columns 1 are arranged in two rows in the left-right direction and three rows in the front-back direction as an example. However, the number of parallel support columns 1 in each direction can be freely increased or decreased according to the specifications. Furthermore, the spacing between the support columns 1 in each direction can also be freely set according to the specifications.

[0043] The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims are intended to be included. [Explanation of symbols]

[0044] 1 post 2 Horizontal members 3 Frame Body 4a, 4b Panels (wall panels, ceiling panels) 5 Side part 7 Top part 18 Wall panel mount 19 Horizontal plate material 20 vertical boards 21 Hollow structure 22 Support member 25 Positioning member 26 belts M soil

Claims

1. Support columns (1) are arranged in parallel in one direction and in another direction intersecting the said one direction, A horizontal member (2) connects adjacent support columns (1) in one direction and in other directions, A structure comprising a frame body (3) consisting of the support column (1) and the horizontal member (2), and resin panels (4a, 4b) attached to the side portion (5) and the top portion (7) or either of them.

2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the panels (4a, 4b) have a hollow structure (21).

3. The support column (1) is provided with a wall panel support (18) that protrudes to the outside of the frame body (3). The structure according to claim 1, wherein the wall panel (4a) attached to the side portion (5) of the panels (4a, 4b) is stretched across the wall panel supports (18) of adjacent support columns (1).

4. The wall panel support (18) consists of a horizontal board member (19) over which the wall panel (4a) is placed, and a vertical board member (20) extending vertically from the horizontal board member (19). The structure according to claim 3, wherein the wall panel (4a) is positioned by the vertical board (20) in a direction in which the support columns (1) are parallel.

5. A backing member (22) is attached to the wall panel support (18) to sandwich the wall panel (4a) between it and the support column (1). The structure according to claim 3, wherein the support member (22) restricts the movement of the wall panel (4a) in a direction away from the support column (1).

6. The horizontal member (2) of the upper surface portion (7) is provided with a positioning member (25) that protrudes upward. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the positioning member (25) restricts the lateral movement of the ceiling panel (4b) attached to the upper surface portion (7) of the panels (4a, 4b).

7. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the support column (1) and the horizontal member (2) are made of structural steel.

8. In a method for constructing a structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, The process of erecting the support column (1) and A horizontal member installation step involves suspending the horizontal member (2) between the support columns (1), A method for constructing a structure comprising a panel installation step of installing the panels (4a, 4b) on the frame body (3).

9. A method for constructing a structure according to claim 8, further comprising an embankment step of piling soil (M) on the outside of the panels (4a, 4b) during the panel installation step.

10. A method for constructing a structure according to claim 8, further comprising a panel fixing step after the panel installation step, in which the panels (4a, 4b) are fixed to the frame body (3) by wrapping a belt (26) around them.

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