Cylinder oil manufacturing

Abstract

A method for producing one or more cylinder oils having various kinematic viscosities for marine reciprocating internal combustion engines is disclosed. [Solution] This method provides a first fluid having a first kinematic viscosity and a first BN, a second fluid having a second kinematic viscosity and a second BN different from the first fluid, and a mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid in a first ratio, and a mixture of 14 mm at 100°C. 2 This includes producing a first cylinder oil having a kinematic viscosity of less than or equal to / s.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing one or more cylinder oils having various kinematic viscosities for a marine reciprocating internal combustion engine, a method for operating a marine reciprocating internal combustion engine, an apparatus for preparing cylinder oil, and a ship including the apparatus for preparing cylinder oil. [Background technology]

[0002] Container ships and other vessels are equipped with engines that run on fuel oil. Fuel consumption is the biggest factor affecting the daily running costs of a ship. Furthermore, the amount of fuel consumed affects the amount of pollutants produced (e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx)). x ) and / or sulfur oxides (SO x It directly corresponds to the amount of )). Fuel consumption is affected by the engine's operating efficiency and / or engine's operating speed.

[0003] The components of a ship's engine require lubrication during operation. The effectiveness of lubrication affects the engine's operating efficiency, and consequently, the amount of fuel consumed during engine operation. Friction losses within the engine can be reduced through proper lubrication.

[0004] Cylinder oil is used to lubricate the cylinders of marine reciprocating internal combustion engines. Cylinder oil has various functions, including reducing mechanical wear on the piston, piston rings, and cylinder liner by forming an oil film between the piston and / or piston rings and the cylinder liner, thereby reducing friction between surfaces.

[0005] The ability to form an oil film with appropriate lubrication properties between the piston and / or piston rings and the cylinder liner depends at least in part on the viscosity of the cylinder oil. It has been taught that higher viscosity results in a thicker oil film between surfaces, thereby better controlling wear. The viscosity of cylinder oil is typically at least 18.5 mm at 100°C. 2It is / s. Leading non-profit organizations such as CIMAC and manufacturers of marine reciprocating internal combustion engines state that in order to safely operate marine reciprocating internal combustion engines such as two-stroke crosshead engines, the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineering) viscosity grade of the cylinder oil must be SAE 50 (viscosity at 100°C of at least 16.3 mm²). 2 It states that it must be ( / s). It is taught that cylinder oil with low kinematic viscosity has poor lubrication properties. This is because the thin oil film formed between surfaces increases wear on engine parts, increases scuffing, and increases corrosion.

[0006] A further function of cylinder oil is to reduce corrosion of piston and liner materials by neutralizing sulfur acids formed by the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels. The ability to reduce piston and cylinder liner corrosion depends at least partially on the alkalinity of the cylinder oil, known as its base number (BN). BN is typically expressed as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of oil (mg KOH / g). For marine applications, the BN of cylinder oil is typically between 25 and 140, depending on the sulfur content of the fuel used to power the engine. However, the required BN of the cylinder oil may change during engine operation due to changes in fuel sulfur content or engine load.

[0007] Ships can be equipped with a compounding system to produce cylinder oils of varying alkalinity on board, depending on the various requirements during engine operation. This process is determined by the target BN of the required cylinder oil, and the target kinematic viscosity is not considered.

[0008] Embodiments of the present invention aim to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions generated during the operation of a marine reciprocating internal combustion engine, while addressing the problems described above. [Overview of the project]

[0009] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing one or more cylinder oils having various kinematic viscosities for marine reciprocating internal combustion engines, the method comprising: providing a first fluid having a first kinematic viscosity and a first BN; providing a second fluid having a second kinematic viscosity different from the first kinematic viscosity and a second BN; and blending the first fluid and the second fluid in a first ratio to obtain 14 mm at 100°C 2 / s or lower kinematic viscosity to produce a first cylinder oil.

[0010] The present inventors have confirmed that providing a cylinder oil with reduced kinematic viscosity (for example, below the minimum kinematic viscosity recommended by engine manufacturers) enables lubrication with cylinder oil that reduces friction loss during engine operation. A lower viscosity of the cylinder oil means that the oil film formed between the piston and the cylinder liner is thinner, which leads to reduced fluid friction. Reduction in friction loss leads to reduction in fuel consumption during engine operation, which in turn leads to reduction in the amount of pollutants generated.

[0011] Surprisingly, the inventors further confirmed that the reduction in kinematic viscosity does not have a significant adverse effect on the ability of the oil to control wear of pistons and / or cylinder liners, and in examples, better control of wear of engine components can be achieved. Accordingly, the present inventors have for the first time provided a low kinematic viscosity cylinder oil that can be reliably used in marine reciprocating internal combustion engines.

[0012] Optionally, the method is performed offshore, such as on a ship. Advantageously, when the method is performed on a ship compared to on land, the properties of the cylinder oil can be adapted to meet the requirements of the operating engine.

[0013] All kinematic viscosities described herein are measured at a temperature of 100°C unless otherwise specified. The kinematic viscosity of an oil at 100°C can be expressed in centistokes (cSt). Accordingly, the kinematic viscosity at 100°C is 14 mm 2The first cylinder oil below / s is the same as 14 cSt. In an embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of the first cylinder oil is 13.5 mm 2 / s or less, or 13 mm 2 / s or less, or 12.5 mm 2 / s or less, or 10 mm 2 / s or less. In an embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of the first cylinder oil is 8 mm 2 / s or more, for example 8 mm 2 / s to 14 mm 2 / s, or 8 mm 2 / s to 12.5 mm 2 / s, or 8 mm 2 / s to 10 mm 2 / s.

[0014] Optionally, the kinematic viscosity of the first cylinder oil corresponds to SAE viscosity grade SAE 40, or SAE 30, or SAE 20. The first cylinder oil has any viscosity index suitable for use in lubricating piston liners and piston rings in engine cylinders. In an embodiment, the viscosity index of the first cylinder oil is from 59 to 120.

[0015] Optionally, the BN of the first cylinder oil is 15 to 160 mgKOH / g, or 25 to 150 mgKOH / g, or 40 to 140 mgKOH / g, or 50 to 120 mgKOH / g.

[0016] Optionally, the method comprises determining a target kinematic viscosity of the first cylinder oil based on engine operating parameters and / or engine condition parameters.

[0017] Optionally, this method includes determining a target ratio range of a first fluid to a second fluid corresponding to a target kinematic viscosity of a first cylinder oil, based on a parameter set including a first kinematic viscosity and a second kinematic viscosity, and blending the first fluid and the second fluid such that the first ratio is set within the target ratio range corresponding to the target kinematic viscosity of the first cylinder oil. Thus, the cylinder oil is adapted to have a kinematic viscosity suitable for the engine's operation and / or condition during engine operation.

[0018] Optionally, for any target ratio range described herein, the upper limit of the target ratio range is equal to the lower limit of the target ratio range. For example, the target ratio range is a single target ratio, and the formulation is carried out such that the first ratio becomes the first target ratio.

[0019] Optionally, the formulation includes blending a first fluid and a second fluid with a third fluid having a third kinematic viscosity and a third BN to produce a first cylinder oil. The third fluid is blended with the first and second fluids in a ratio that produces the first cylinder oil. Providing the third fluid allows control over both the kinematic viscosity and alkalinity of the first cylinder oil.

[0020] Optionally, this method includes determining a target BN for the first cylinder oil based on engine operating parameters or engine condition parameters.

[0021] Optionally, this method includes determining a target ratio range of a first fluid to a second fluid corresponding to a target BN of a first cylinder oil, based on a parameter set including at least a first BN, a second BN, and a third BN, and blending such that the first ratio is set to a target ratio corresponding to the target BN of the first cylinder oil. In embodiments, the parameter set also includes at least one of the kinematic viscosity of the first fluid, the kinematic viscosity of the second fluid, the kinematic viscosity of the third fluid, and the BN of the third fluid. In embodiments, determining further includes determining the ratio of the third fluid to the first fluid, and / or the ratio of the third fluid to the second fluid. For example, determining includes determining the amounts of the first fluid, the second fluid, and the third fluid to be blended to produce the first cylinder oil.

[0022] Optionally, this method further includes producing a second cylinder oil having a higher kinematic viscosity than the first cylinder oil by blending the first and second fluids in a second ratio different from the first ratio. During the operation of a marine engine, the lubrication requirements of the cylinders typically change over time. For example, the engine operates at different speeds. In this embodiment, the second cylinder oil has a kinematic viscosity that is suitable for the new lubrication requirements of the cylinders. The second cylinder oil has any suitable kinematic viscosity. In this embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of the second cylinder oil is below the minimum kinematic viscosity recommended by the engine manufacturer, for example, 14 mmHg. 2 / s or less, or 13.5mm 2 / s or less, or 13mm 2 / s or less, or 12.5mm 2 / s or less, or 10mm 2 It is less than or equal to / s. In the example, the kinematic viscosity of the second cylinder oil is 8 mm 2 / s or more, for example, 8mm 2 / s to 14mm 2 / s, or 8mm 2 / s to 12.5mm 2 / s, or 8mm 2 / s to 10mm 2 It is / s. In other embodiments, the kinematic viscosity of the second cylinder oil is 14 mm2 If it exceeds / s, for example 16.5mm 2 The kinematic viscosity must be greater than or equal to / s (for example, within the kinematic viscosity range recommended by the engine manufacturer).

[0023] Optionally, the first cylinder oil has a different BN than the second cylinder oil. During engine operation, the sulfur content of the fuel oil may change, for example, the amount of sulfur acids produced may change. Providing a second cylinder oil with a different BN than the first cylinder oil may mean providing the cylinder oil with the appropriate alkalinity.

[0024] Optionally, the BN of the second cylinder oil is 15-160 mgKOH / g, 25-150 mgKOH / g, 40-140 mgKOH / g, or 50-120 mgKOH / g.

[0025] Optionally, this method includes determining a target kinematic viscosity of the second cylinder oil based on engine operating parameters or engine condition parameters.

[0026] Optionally, this method includes determining a target ratio range of the first fluid to the second fluid corresponding to a target kinematic viscosity of the second cylinder oil, based on a parameter set including a first kinematic viscosity and a second kinematic viscosity, and blending the first fluid and the second fluid such that the second ratio is set within the target ratio range corresponding to the target kinematic viscosity of the second cylinder oil.

[0027] Optionally, this method includes determining a target BN for the second cylinder oil based on engine operating parameters or engine condition parameters.

[0028] Optionally, producing a second cylinder oil involves blending the first and second fluids with a third fluid having a third kinematic viscosity and a third BN to produce the second cylinder oil, the method comprising determining a target ratio range of the first fluid to the second fluid corresponding to a target BN of the second cylinder oil based on a parameter set including at least the first BN, the second BN, and the third BN, and blending such that the second ratio is set to a target ratio corresponding to the target BN of the second cylinder oil. In the embodiment, determining further includes determining the ratio of the third fluid to the first fluid and / or the ratio of the third fluid to the second fluid. For example, determining includes determining the amounts of the first fluid, the second fluid, and the third fluid to be blended to produce the second cylinder oil.

[0029] Optionally, the engine operating parameter or engine condition parameter is at least one of the following: fuel sulfur content, engine load, engine speed, relative air humidity, cylinder iron wear emissions, total iron wear emissions, iron oxide emissions, residual BN in the cylinder lubricant, and cylinder oil liner temperature.

[0030] Optionally, the first fluid is a system oil. In the examples, the kinematic viscosity of the system oil is 10-15 mmHg. 2 The kinematic viscosity of system oil is typically equivalent to SAE viscosity grade SAE 30. For example, the kinematic viscosity of system oil is 11-12 mm². 2 The value is / s. In the embodiment, the system oil is at least partially used system oil, such as used system oil. Using used system oil reduces the engine operating cost. In other embodiments, the system oil is new (virgin) oil. The BN of the system oil is typically 5 to 30, for example, 5 to 10. In embodiments such as when the system oil is new cylinder oil, the BN of the system oil is 5 to 8.

[0031] Optionally, the second fluid may be an additive package, new cylinder oil, or used cylinder oil.

[0032] Optionally, the third fluid is a base oil. In the examples, the kinematic viscosity of the base oil is 3-8 mmHg. 2 The kinematic viscosity of the base oil is typically equivalent to SAE viscosity grade SAE 20. For example, the kinematic viscosity of the base oil is 4-7 mm². 2 The ratio is / s. Advantageously, base oils are typically low-cost, and therefore, including base oils in the formulation reduces the cost of manufacturing cylinder oil. The base oil's BN is typically less than 1, for example, less than 0.5 or less than 0.1.

[0033] Optionally, at least one of the first, second, or third fluids is at least partially used oil, such as used oil. Using used system oil reduces engine operating costs.

[0034] Optionally, at least one of the first fluid, the second fluid, and (if any) the third fluid is a monograde oil. For example, each of the first fluid, the second fluid, and (if any) the third fluid is a monograde oil. Optionally, at least one of the first fluid, the second fluid, and (if any) the third fluid is a multigrade oil. For example, each of the first fluid, the second fluid, and (if any) the third fluid is a multigrade oil.

[0035] Optionally, the first cylinder oil and / or the second cylinder oil are total loss cylinder oil.

[0036] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for operating a marine reciprocating internal combustion engine, wherein the kinematic viscosity at 100°C is 14 mm² by the method described above. 2 This includes manufacturing cylinder oil with a capacity of / s or less, and supplying cylinder oil to the cylinders of a marine reciprocating internal combustion engine.

[0037] Surprisingly, the inventors have demonstrated that the safe operation of marine reciprocating internal combustion engines, such as two-stroke crosshead engines, is possible with a 14mm 2 It was confirmed that maintenance can be performed with cylinder oil having a viscosity of less than / s.

[0038] Optionally, the kinematic viscosity of the cylinder oil is lower than the minimum cylinder oil kinematic viscosity recommended by the manufacturer for marine reciprocating internal combustion engines.

[0039] In optional cases, marine reciprocating internal combustion engines operate at engine loads of 60% or less. For example, the engine may be operating at a speed significantly lower than its maximum speed (sometimes referred to as "low-speed running"). In other embodiments, marine reciprocating internal combustion engines operate at engine loads exceeding 60%, for example, up to 70% or 80%.

[0040] Optionally, the marine reciprocating internal combustion engine is a two-stroke crosshead engine. In this embodiment, the two-stroke crosshead engine is a low-speed engine.

[0041] A third aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for preparing cylinder oil, the apparatus comprising a blender, a first container for containing a first fluid having a first kinematic viscosity and a first BN, the first container being selectively fluid-communicated with the blender, a second container for containing a second fluid having a second kinematic viscosity and a second BN, the second container being selectively fluid-communicated with the blender, and a controller for determining the amount of the first fluid and the amount of the second fluid to be supplied to the blender in order to provide cylinder oil having a desired target viscosity and target BN, wherein the target kinematic viscosity is 14 mm at 100°C. 2 It is less than or equal to / s.

[0042] Optionally, the controller is configured to cause the blender to mix a first fluid and a second fluid in a determined ratio (for example, mixing a determined amount of the first fluid with a determined amount of the second fluid) to produce cylinder oil.

[0043] The device is optionally installed on the ship.

[0044] Optionally, the first container contains a first fluid. The first fluid is, for example, a system oil.

[0045] Optionally, the second container contains a second fluid. The second fluid may be, for example, an additive package, new cylinder oil, or used cylinder oil.

[0046] Optionally, the apparatus further comprises a third container for containing a third fluid having a third kinematic viscosity and a third BN, the third container being selectively in fluid communication with the blender. For example, the third container contains a third fluid such as a base oil.

[0047] Optionally, the apparatus includes a storage tank for storing cylinder oil prepared in the apparatus. The storage tank is connected to a blender via a conduit, which optionally includes a valve enabling selectable fluid communication between the storage tank and the blender, and / or a pump for pressurizing the generated cylinder oil from the blender to the storage tank. Optionally, the storage tank is selectively fluid-communicated with the cylinder liner of a cylinder, for example, via a valve for controlling the flow of cylinder oil from the storage tank to the cylinder liner, and / or a pump for pressurizing the cylinder oil from the storage tank to the cylinder liner.

[0048] Optionally, the device's blender is in selectable fluid communication with the cylinder liner of the cylinder to supply the generated cylinder oil to the cylinder liner.

[0049] Optionally, the controller comprises memory and one or more processors, and is connected to and controls the blenders, each communicating with a first valve and / or pump for pressurizing the first fluid from the first container to the blender, a second valve and / or pump for pressurizing the second fluid from the second container to the blender, and optionally, a third valve and / or pump for pressurizing the third fluid from the third container to the blender, each communicating with the blenders.

[0050] Optionally, the controller is configured to receive data indicating engine state parameters and / or engine operating parameters and / or fluid state parameters.

[0051] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a vessel equipped with the apparatus described above in relation to the third aspect.

[0052] Optionally, the vessel can be a cargo ship such as a container ship, tanker, dry cargo ship, or refrigerated ship. Optionally, the vessel can be a passenger ship.

[0053] Optionally, the ship is a container ship.

[0054] Features described in connection with one aspect of the present invention are expressly disclosed in combination with any other aspects to the extent that they are interchangeable.

[0055] Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, which are shown only as examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] Embodiments of the present invention are described hereby with reference to the accompanying drawings, but only as examples. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0057] [Figure 1] This is a schematic side view of an example of a vessel relating to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary apparatus for preparing cylinder oil according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary apparatus for preparing cylinder oil according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This flowchart shows an example of a method for producing one or more cylinder oils according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] This flowchart shows an example of a method for producing one or more cylinder oils according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] This flowchart shows an example of how to operate a reciprocating internal combustion engine for ships according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0058] Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of an example of a vessel according to one embodiment. In this embodiment, the vessel is a container ship 1. In other embodiments, the vessel may be another type of cargo ship such as a tanker, a dry bulk carrier or a refrigerated ship, or a passenger ship or other vessel that uses cylinder oil.

[0059] The vessel 1 has a hull 2 ​​and one or more engine rooms 3 inside the hull 2. The vessel 1 is powered by one or more large internal combustion engines 4, such as four-stroke or two-stroke self-igniting combustion engines located in the engine rooms 3. The engines 4 drive a propulsion system (such as one or more propellers). The vessel 1 may also be equipped with one or more auxiliary engines (known as a generator set) to supply electricity and / or heat to various power consumers on the vessel 1. The vessel 1 also includes cylinder oil preparation devices 10, 20 for supplying cylinder oil to the engines 4. The devices 10, 20 may be any cylinder oil preparation devices described herein as one embodiment of the present invention, such as the devices shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3.

[0060] Engine 4 is a marine two-stroke internal combustion engine. In the example shown in Figure 1, engine 4 is powered by marine heavy fuel oil. In other examples (not shown), the marine two-stroke internal combustion engine may be powered by fuels other than heavy fuel oil, such as marine light oil, marine diesel oil, marine gas oil, liquid natural gas, liquid petroleum gas, biofuels, methanol, ethanol, ammonia, hydrogen, methane, biomethane, or a combination thereof. In these examples, the fuel may be natural or synthetic fuel. The two-stroke internal combustion engine is any suitable engine, such as a diesel uniflow engine or an Otto cycle engine. For the sake of brevity, further detailed explanations are omitted as those skilled in the art will be familiar with the components and systems of ship 1.

[0061] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus 10 for preparing cylinder oil according to one embodiment. The apparatus 10 is for supplying cylinder oil to the cylinder liner of an engine such as the ship engine 4 shown in Figure 1 or any of the modifications described herein.

[0062] Broadly speaking, the apparatus 10 includes a blender 110 for compounding fluids to provide cylinder oil, a first container 120 for containing a first fluid having a first kinematic viscosity and a first BN, the first container 120 being selectively fluid-communicated with the blender 110, a second container 130 for containing a second fluid having a second kinematic viscosity and a second BN, the second container 130 being selectively fluid-communicated with the blender 110, and a controller 140 for determining the amount of the first fluid and the amount of the second fluid (e.g., the ratio of the first fluid to the second fluid) to be supplied to the blender 110 in order to provide cylinder oil having a desired target viscosity and target BN, where the target kinematic viscosity is 14 mm 2 The interval is less than or equal to / s. In the embodiment, the controller 140 is further configured to mix the first fluid and the second fluid in a predetermined ratio in the blender 110.

[0063] More specifically, in Figure 2, the first vessel 120 is connected to the blender 110 via a valve 122, through which the first fluid flows from the first vessel 120 to the blender 110. The valve is for controlling the flow of the first fluid from the first vessel 120 to the blender 110. For example, the valve can be closed to prevent or obstruct the flow of the first fluid from the first vessel 120 to the blender 110, and can be opened to allow the flow of the first fluid from the first vessel 120 to the blender 110. Thus, the first vessel 120 is in selectable fluid communication with the blender 110. Optionally, the valve 122 can be operated to allow a restricted flow of the first fluid from the first vessel 120 to the blender 110 (for example, the valve 122 can be "partially" closed or "partially" opened). The valve can be operated manually or via a controller as further described herein. In other embodiments (not shown), the first container 120 is selectively fluid-connected to the blender 110 via a pump for pressurizing the first fluid from the first container 120 to the blender 110.

[0064] In the embodiment, the first container 120 contains a first fluid, such as system oil. The system oil is an oil suitable for use in the crankcase lubrication system of a marine low-speed two-stroke diesel engine. The system oil may be virgin oil (e.g., not used in the crankcase lubrication system), in which case the first container 120 is typically a storage tank for storing virgin system oil. Alternatively, the system oil is at least partially used system oil, such as system oil circulated around the crankcase lubrication system. In this case, the embodiment is a storage tank for storing used system oil. Such a used system oil storage tank is, for example, fluid-connected to the crankcase to receive used system oil from the crankcase. In the embodiment, the used system oil storage tank is connected to the crankcase via a pump for pressurizing the used system oil from the crankcase to the used system oil tank. In other embodiments where the system oil is at least partially used system oil, the first container 120 is located in or is the crankcase of the engine. For example, the first container 120 is a sump inside the engine's crankcase.

[0065] In Figure 2, the second vessel 130 is connected to the blender 110 via a valve 132, through which the second fluid flows from the second vessel 130 to the blender 110. More specifically, the valve is for controlling the flow of the second fluid from the second vessel 130 to the blender 110. For example, the valve can be closed to prevent or obstruct the flow of the second fluid from the second vessel 130 to the blender 110, and can be opened to allow the flow of the second fluid from the second vessel 130 to the blender 110. Thus, the second vessel 130 is selectively in fluid communication with the blender 110. Optionally, the valve 132 can be operated to allow a restricted flow of the second fluid from the second vessel 130 to the blender 110 (for example, by "partially" closing" or "partially" opening) the valve 132. The valve 132 is operable manually or via a controller further described herein. In other embodiments (not shown), the second container 130 is connected to the blender 110 via a pump for pressurizing the second fluid from the second container 130 to the blender 110.

[0066] In the embodiment, the second container 130 contains a second fluid, such as an additive package, virgin cylinder oil, or at least partially used cylinder oil (e.g., cylinder oil supplied to a cylinder to lubricate the piston and cylinder liner, and subsequently collected).

[0067] If the second fluid is an additive package, the second container 130 is a storage tank for storing the additive package. The additive package typically contains a base oil and one or more additives, such as overbasic and / or neutral detergents (metal alkali salts), and optionally other performance additives. The additive package typically has a high kinematic viscosity (often 50-200 mmHg at 100°C). 2 / s, for example 100mm 2 It has a high BN (often 150-400) and a speed of 2.5 or more.

[0068] If the second fluid is virgin cylinder oil (for example, cylinder oil that has not yet been used to lubricate the piston and cylinder liner), the second container 130 is a storage tank for storing the cylinder oil. Typically, the kinematic viscosity of virgin cylinder oil is 16-21 mmHg. 2 The value is / s, and the BN range is 15-145.

[0069] If the second fluid is used cylinder oil (for example, cylinder oil used to lubricate the piston and cylinder liner at some point), the second container 130 is, in some embodiments, a storage tank for storing the used cylinder oil. In other embodiments, the used cylinder oil is supplied directly from the cylinder to the blender, either instead or as an addition. In this case, the second container 130 is the cylinder of the engine.

[0070] The apparatus 10 comprises a controller 140 for controlling the apparatus 10. The controller 140 comprises memory and one or more processors. The memory circuit is arranged to store machine-readable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the controller to perform the methods described herein. In an embodiment, the controller 140 is communicateably connected to and controls a first valve 122 for controlling the flow of a first fluid from a first vessel 120 to a blender 110, a second valve 132 for controlling the flow of a second fluid from a second vessel 130 to a blender 110, and the blender 110, respectively. In some embodiments, some or all of these elements are controlled by an entity other than the controller 140.

[0071] The controller 140 is configured to determine the ratio of fluids required to supply cylinder oil. For example, the controller 140 is configured to determine the ratio of a first fluid to a second fluid corresponding to the amounts of the first and second fluids to be delivered to the blender 110 to supply cylinder oil. Thus, the controller 140 is configured to control the first valve 122 to supply a controlled amount of the first fluid to the blender 110 according to the determined ratio, and to control the second valve 132 to supply a controlled amount of the second fluid to the blender 110 according to the determined ratio. This ratio is typically a mass ratio (thus the controller 140 is configured to determine the masses of the first and second fluids to be delivered to the blender 110), but may in some cases be a volume ratio (thus the controller 140 is configured to determine the volumes of the first and second fluids to be delivered to the blender 110).

[0072] In some embodiments, the controller 140 is configured to determine the ratio of fluids based on data received from one or more other entities (not shown). In some embodiments, the controller 140 is configured to receive data from one or more user input devices (not shown) in which the user provides information such as a target kinematic viscosity. Upon receiving data indicating the target kinematic viscosity, the controller 140 is configured to determine the ratio of fluids required to provide cylinder oil having the target viscosity, for example, based on data from a lookup table stored in the controller 140's memory (e.g., including information on the kinematic viscosity and / or viscosity index of the first and second fluids) and / or based on algorithmic equations stored in the controller 140's memory. In other embodiments, the controller is configured to receive data indicating engine state parameters or engine operating parameters, which are described in more detail with respect to Figure 3. In other embodiments, the controller is configured to receive data indicating fluid state parameters relating to the first fluid, the second fluid, the generated cylinder oil, or any combination thereof. For example, the controller is configured to receive data indicating the kinematic viscosity, alkalinity (BN), and / or temperature of the first fluid, the second fluid, the generated cylinder oil, or any combination thereof.

[0073] Controller 140 is 14mm 2 The system is configured to determine the amounts of a first fluid and a second fluid to be supplied to the blender 110 in order to provide cylinder oil having a target kinematic viscosity of less than or equal to / s.

[0074] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus 20 for preparing cylinder oil according to another embodiment. Some elements of the apparatus 20 shown in Figure 3 correspond to elements already described in relation to Figure 2, in which case the reference numerals are 100 added to the reference numerals used in Figure 2.

[0075] Broadly speaking, the apparatus 20 includes a blender 210 for compounding fluids to provide cylinder oil, a first container 220 for containing a first fluid having a first kinematic viscosity and a first BN, the first container 220 being selectively fluid-communicated with the blender 210, a second container 230 for containing a second fluid having a second kinematic viscosity and a second BN, the second container 230 being selectively fluid-communicated with the blender 210, a third container 250 for containing a third fluid having a third kinematic viscosity and a third BN, the third container 250 being selectively fluid-communicated with the blender 210, and a controller 240 for determining the amounts of the first fluid, the second fluid, and the third fluid to be supplied to the blender 210 in order to provide cylinder oil having a desired target viscosity and target BN, the target kinematic viscosity being 14 mm 2 It is less than or equal to / s.

[0076] More specifically, the apparatus 20 comprises one or more pumps for pumping fluid through the system. The one or more pumps can take any suitable form. The one or more pumps are optionally provided with respective valves (not shown) for controlling the fluid flow. In the absence of such valves, the pumps control the fluid flow from each vessel 220, 230, 250 to the blender 210, so the one or more pumps are used for selective fluid communication between elements of the apparatus, for example, selective fluid communication between each vessel 220, 230, 250 and the blender 210. In some embodiments, when not in operation (e.g., when the pumps are not pumping), there may be flow or backflow through the pumps, but such flow or backflow is of such magnitude that it does not substantially affect the amount of fluid supplied to the blender 210. Thus, each of the vessels 220, 230, 250 is selectively in fluid communication with the blender 210.

[0077] In this embodiment, the apparatus 20 includes a pump 222 for pressurizing the first fluid from the first vessel 220 to the blender 210. The pump 222 is selectively controlled by a controller 240, as will be further described herein. The first vessel 20 corresponds to the first vessel of the apparatus 10 shown in Figure 2 and is adapted as necessary to function within the apparatus according to the embodiment shown in Figure 3.

[0078] Apparatus 20 includes a pump 232 for pressurizing the second fluid from the second vessel 230 to the blender 210. The pump 232 is selectively controlled by a controller 240, as will be further described herein. The second vessel 230 corresponds to the second vessel 130 of apparatus 10 shown in Figure 2 and is adapted as necessary to function within the apparatus according to the embodiment shown in Figure 3.

[0079] The apparatus 20 includes a pump 252 for pressurizing the third fluid from the third container 250 to the blender. The pump 232 is selectively controlled by a controller 240, as will be further described herein.

[0080] In the embodiment, the third container 250 contains a third fluid, such as a base oil. The base oil is an oil that is typically suitable for combination with other components to provide a lubricating product. The kinematic viscosity of the base oil is typically 4-7 mmHg. 2 The rate is / s. The third container 250 is typically a storage tank for storing the base oil. In the embodiment, the base oil is virgin base oil (e.g., not used for lubricating machine parts). In other embodiments, the base oil is used or recycled base oil (e.g., used for lubricating machine parts, and optionally, from which additives and / or contaminants have been removed before being supplied to the blender 210).

[0081] In some embodiments (not shown), the pump 222 for pumping the first fluid and / or the pump 232 for pumping the second fluid and / or the pump 252 for pumping the third fluid are omitted. For example, they are replaced by valves, and the first fluid and / or the second fluid and / or the third fluid flow into the blender 210 under the influence of gravity or by the operation of another pump in the apparatus 20.

[0082] In other embodiments (not shown), instead of each container 220, 230, and 250 being connected to the blender 210 via its own pump, each container 220, 230, and 250 is connected to the blender 210 via a single pump, which selectively connects to and disconnects from each of the containers 220, 230, and 250 and is fluid-connected to a single inlet of the blender 210. During operation, for example, the pump is connected to the first container 220 and disconnected from the second container 230 and the third container 250, and pumps a certain amount of the first fluid from the first container 220 to the blender 210. The pump is then disconnected from the first container 220 and connected to the second container 230, and pumps a certain amount of the second fluid from the second container 230 to the blender 210. Subsequently, the pump is disconnected from the second container 230 and connected to the third container 250, and a certain amount of the third fluid is pumped from the third container 250 to the blender 210.

[0083] Similar to the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the apparatus 20 includes a controller 240 for controlling the apparatus 20.

[0084] The controller 240 is provided with an algorithm for determining the required proportions of a first fluid (e.g., system oil), a second fluid (e.g., additive package), and optionally a third fluid (base oil) to produce cylinder oil prepared in the blender 210 having a kinematic viscosity within a target kinematic viscosity range. For example, the controller 240 includes a non-temporary computer-readable medium that stores instructions, when executed by the controller 240's processor (not shown), causing the processor to determine the required proportions of the first fluid, the second fluid, and the third fluid to provide prepared cylinder oil having a kinematic viscosity within a target kinematic viscosity range.

[0085] The controller 240 is configured to control the blender 210 and pumps 222, 232, and 252 to deliver the appropriate amount of each fluid to the blender 210. For example, the controller 240 is configured to operate each pump for a certain period of time so that the appropriate amount of fluid is supplied to the blender 210 according to the required ratio of fluid determined by the controller 240.

[0086] In the embodiment, the controller 240 is configured to recalculate the fluid ratios to provide a second cylinder oil having a different viscosity and / or BN. For example, after the first cylinder oil has been formulated, if the controller 240 receives data indicating a change in the cylinder liner temperature and / or a change in the sulfur content of the fuel, as well as data from an input data generator (such as a user input device or sensor), the controller 240 is configured to determine the required ratios of the first fluid, the second fluid, and (optionally) the third fluid to produce a second cylinder oil having a suitable kinematic viscosity and / or appropriate BN for lubricating the cylinder liner under the changed conditions, wherein this kinematic viscosity and / or BN is different from that of the first cylinder oil.

[0087] The controller 240 receives data relating to the engine from one or more input data generators for generating data relating to the engine. In the embodiment, at least a portion of the data is provided by one or more sensors for detecting parameters. In the embodiment, at least a portion of the data is provided from a memory containing information provided by the user, for example, by inputting data using a user input device provided as part of a user interface (not shown). In the embodiment, at least a portion of the data is obtained from a lookup table contained in the memory of the controller 240.

[0088] The controller 240 is communicatively connected to one or more input data generators of the input data generator array 280 and receives data from the input data generators. Each input data generator provides the controller 240 with data indicating engine operating parameters and / or engine state parameters. Generally, each input data generator is either a sensor for sensing engine operating parameters or engine state parameters (or parameters indicating such parameters) or a memory containing data indicating engine operating parameters or engine state parameters. For example, an input data generator may have a memory into which data indicating parameters that can be communicated to the controller 240 (e.g., sulfur-containing fuel supplied to engine 4) is input. The input data generator or the controller 240 typically determines the engine operating parameters or engine state parameters based on the data received from the memory and a lookup table stored in the controller 240 or the input data generator.

[0089] In Figure 3, the input data generator array 280 includes an input data generator 282 that generates data indicating the sulfur content of the fuel, an input data generator 284 that generates data indicating the engine load of engine 4, an input data generator 286 that generates data indicating the engine speed of engine 4, an input data generator 288 that generates data indicating the relative air humidity inside the cylinder, an input data generator 290 that generates data indicating the amount of iron wear discharged from the cylinder, an input data generator 292 that generates data indicating residual BN of the cylinder lubricant, and an input data generator 294 that generates data indicating the temperature of the cylinder oil liner. In this embodiment, one or more of the input data generators are user input devices included in the user interface.

[0090] In the embodiment, the input data generator is a sensor for sensing engine operating parameters or engine state parameters and generating data indicating those parameters, or a sensor for sensing parameters related to engine operating parameters or engine state parameters, and based on those parameters, the sensor and / or controller 240 determines the engine operating parameters or engine state parameters. For example, the input data generator 282 that generates data indicating the sulfur content of the fuel is a fuel sensor that senses the characteristics of the fuel oil supplied to the engine 4, such as the sulfur content of the fuel oil (e.g., an inline or offline X-ray fluorescence oil sulfur analyzer). The input data generator 288 that generates data indicating relative air humidity is a hygrometer placed inside or near the cylinder of the engine 4 to sense relative air humidity. The input data generator 290 that generates data indicating the amount of iron wear release in the cylinder is a magnetometer configured to detect iron wear release in the cylinder. The input data generator 292 that generates data indicating residual BN of the cylinder lubricant is an infrared spectrometer configured to analyze the cylinder oil in the cylinder. The input data generator 294, which generates data indicating the cylinder oil liner temperature, is a temperature sensor, such as a thermometer, thermocouple, or thermistor, that is located inside or near the cylinder of the engine 4 to sense the temperature.

[0091] In other embodiments, the controller 240 is communicably connected to any combination of the input data generators described above and receives data from there.

[0092] In other embodiments (not shown), the controller 240 is configured to receive data indicating fluid state parameters relating to the system oil, additive packets, base oil, generated cylinder oil, or any combination thereof. The controller 240 is communicably connected to one or more input data generators indicating the fluid state parameters and receives data from there. Typically, each input data generator is a sensor for sensing the fluid state parameters (or parameters indicating such parameters) or a memory containing information about the fluid state parameters.

[0093] Fluid state parameters include the fluid's kinematic viscosity, alkalinity (BN), and / or temperature. In the embodiment, the input data generator that produces data indicating kinematic viscosity is a viscosity sensor configured to detect the fluid's kinematic viscosity. The input data generator that produces data indicating alkalinity is an infrared spectrometer configured to detect the fluid's alkalinity. The input data generator that produces data indicating fluid temperature is a temperature sensor that senses temperature in or near the fluid, such as a thermometer, thermocouple, or thermistor.

[0094] In the embodiment, the controller 240 is configured to obtain or determine the target BN of the first and / or second cylinder oil. The controller 240 is configured to receive information (e.g., data from an input data generator 282 indicating the sulfur content of the fuel) and determine the target BN from a lookup table stored in the controller 240's memory or by using an algorithm stored in the controller 240's memory.

[0095] The blender 210 is selectively fluid-communicated with a storage tank 260 for storing the cylinder oil prepared within the blender. The storage tank 260 is, for example, a day tank. A pump 212 is located between the blender 210 and the storage tank 260 for pressurizing the prepared cylinder oil to the storage tank 260. The controller 240 is configured to selectively cause the pump 212 to pressurize the prepared cylinder oil from the blender 210 to the storage tank 260. In other embodiments (not shown), the controller 240 is not communicatively connected to the pump 212, and instead the pump 212 is controlled by a separate controller.

[0096] The storage tank 260 is selectively in fluid communication with the cylinder liner 270 of the engine 4. Between the storage tank 260 and the cylinder liner 270 is a pump 262 for pressurizing the stored cylinder oil from the storage tank 260 to the cylinder liner 270. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the pump 262 is controlled by a controller that is not part of the compounding unit 20. In other embodiments (not shown), the controller 240 of the compounding unit 20 is selectively configured to cause the pump 262 to pressurize the stored cylinder oil from the storage tank 260 to the cylinder liner 270.

[0097] In other embodiments (not shown), the storage tank 260 is omitted, and the blender 210 is fluidly connected to the cylinder liner 270 via a pump, so that the prepared fluid is supplied directly from the blender 210 to the cylinder liner 270.

[0098] Figure 4 shows a flowchart illustrating a method for producing one or more cylinder oils having various kinematic viscosities for a marine reciprocating internal combustion engine according to one embodiment. Method 30 includes providing a first fluid 310 having a first kinematic viscosity and a first BN, providing a second fluid 320 having a second kinematic viscosity and a second BN different from the first fluid, and blending the first fluid and the second fluid in a first ratio and heating at 100°C for 14 mm 2The method 30 includes generating a first cylinder oil having a kinematic viscosity of less than or equal to / s. In the embodiment, the method 30 shown in Figure 4 is carried out using the apparatus described above.

[0099] The ratio of the blending 330 depends on the amount of the first fluid supplied to the blenders 110 and 210 and the amount of the second fluid supplied to the blenders 110 and 210.

[0100] Providing the first fluid 310 typically involves providing a controlled amount of the first fluid from first containers 120, 220 containing the first fluid, for example, system oil. The controlled amount corresponds to the amount of the first fluid required to blend the fluids in a first ratio. In some embodiments, the supplying 310 is controlled by controllers 140, 240, for example, which cause a pump to pump a certain amount of the first fluid from the first containers 120, 220 to the blenders 110, 210. In other embodiments, the supplying 310 is manually controlled, for example, by an operator operating a valve 122 or a pump 222 to supply a controlled amount to the blenders 110, 210.

[0101] Providing the second fluid 320 typically involves providing a controlled amount of the second fluid from a second container 130, 230 containing, for example, an additive packet. The controlled amount corresponds to the amount of the second fluid required to blend the fluids at a first ratio. In some embodiments, the supplying 320 is controlled by controllers 140, 240, for example, which cause a pump to pump a certain amount of the second fluid from the second containers 130, 230 to the blenders 110, 210. In other embodiments, the supplying 320 is manually controlled, for example, by an operator operating a valve 132 or pump 232 to supply a controlled amount to the blenders 110, 210.

[0102] When blenders 110 and 210 receive controlled amounts of the first and second fluids, 330 is to blend them in a first ratio, by operating blenders 110 and 210 to blend the fluids in a first ratio, thereby at 100°C for 14 mm 2 The present invention includes providing a first cylinder oil having a viscosity of less than or equal to / s.

[0103] Figure 5 shows a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of method 40 for producing one or more cylinder oils having varying kinematic viscosities. Method 40 shown in Figure 5 can be performed, for example, using the apparatus shown in Figure 3. Method 40 includes determining a target kinematic viscosity of a first cylinder oil based on engine operating parameters and / or engine state parameters. For example, this method includes controllers 140, 240 receiving data indicating engine operating parameters and / or engine state parameters (for example, from one of the input data generators of the input data generator array 280), optionally determining the parameters based on data and lookup tables contained in the memory of controllers 140, 240, and controllers 140, 240 determining a target kinematic viscosity of a first cylinder oil based on the parameters. In this embodiment, the target kinematic viscosity of the first cylinder oil is 14 mm 2 It is less than or equal to / s.

[0104] The method further includes determining a target ratio range of the first fluid and the second fluid corresponding to a target kinematic viscosity of the first cylinder oil, based on a parameter set including at least the viscosity of the first fluid, the viscosity of the second fluid, and the viscosity of the third fluid. Controllers 140, 240 typically have the kinematic viscosities of at least the first fluid, the second fluid, and the third fluid in their memory. In embodiments, determining 420 includes controllers 110, 210 determining a target ratio range of the first fluid and the second fluid based on the kinematic viscosities of the first fluid, the second fluid, and the third fluid in their memory, as well as a lookup table. Typically, determining the target ratio range includes determining a range of amounts of the first fluid to be supplied to the blenders 110, 210 and a range of amounts of the second fluid to be supplied to the blenders 110, 210. Optionally, determining also includes determining a range of amounts of the third fluid to be supplied to the blenders 110, 210.

[0105] The method further includes determining a target ratio range of the first fluid and the second fluid corresponding to a target BN of the first cylinder oil, based on a parameter set including at least the BN of the first fluid, the BN of the second fluid, and the BN of the third fluid. Controllers 140, 240 typically have at least the BN of the first fluid, the second fluid, and the third fluid in their memory. In embodiments, determining 430 includes controllers 110, 210 determining a target ratio range of the first fluid and the second fluid based on the BN of the first fluid, the second fluid, and the third fluid in their memory, as well as a lookup table. Typically, determining the target ratio range includes determining a range of the amount of the first fluid to be supplied to the blenders 110, 210 and a range of the amount of the second fluid to be supplied to the blenders 110, 210. Optionally, determining also includes determining a range of the amount of the third fluid to be supplied to the blenders 110, 210.

[0106] Method 40 further includes providing the first fluid, second fluid, and third fluid to blenders 110, 210 in a ratio set within a target ratio range corresponding to a target kinematic viscosity and / or target BN of the cylinder oil 440. Typically, providing the ratio 440 includes providing the blenders 110, 210 in a controlled amount of the first fluid, second fluid, and third fluid such that when the fluids are supplied to the blenders 110, 210, the blenders 110, 210 contain the fluids in that ratio.

[0107] Method 40 involves a cylinder oil of 14 mm 2 Further comprising 450, which is formulated to have a kinematic viscosity of less than or equal to / s.

[0108] Figure 6 shows a flowchart illustrating method 50 for operating a marine reciprocating internal combustion engine. Method 50 includes generating cylinder oil 510. Generating cylinder oil 510 involves generating cylinder oil at 100°C and 14 mm 2 Method 50 further includes performing one of the above methods to have a kinematic viscosity of less than or equal to / s. Method 50 further includes supplying the generated cylinder oil to the cylinders of a marine reciprocating internal combustion engine, for example, the cylinder liners of the cylinders 520. Supply typically involves pressurizing the generated cylinder oil from a storage tank 260 (e.g., a day tank) to the cylinder liners 270. [Examples]

[0109] A 12RT-flex96C-B engine with an output of 61,776 kW was operated for 53,267 hours at an average engine load of 10% of its maximum continuous rating, including a period of operation at 30% of its maximum continuous rating.

[0110] First, to provide baseline data corresponding to known cylinder oils, 16.2 mm 2 The engine was operated for a first period using cylinder oil with a kinematic viscosity of / s ("reference cylinder oil").

[0111] Subsequently, cylinder oil with the viscosity shown in Table 1 was manufactured in-house and supplied to the engine's cylinder liners during operation. [Table 1]

[0112] After operating the engine with the cylinder oil described above, the abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and corrosive wear of the cylinder liner were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. [Table 2]

[0113] As shown in Table 2, during the second period in which the engine was operated using cylinder oil with reduced viscosity, wear on the cylinder liners and piston rings did not increase.

[0114] Fuel consumption was calculated for a first operating period using standard cylinder oil and a second operating period using cylinder oil with reduced kinematic viscosity. Fuel consumption in the second operating period was 2 g / kWh less than in the first period, which corresponds to a 1% reduction in fuel consumption.

[0115] In other embodiments, two or more of the embodiments described above may be combined. In other embodiments, features of one embodiment may be combined with features of one or more other embodiments.

[0116] Embodiments of the present invention have been described with particular reference to the illustrated examples. However, it is understood that modifications and alterations may be made to the examples described within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing one or more cylinder oils having various kinematic viscosities for marine reciprocating internal combustion engines, To provide a first fluid having a first kinematic viscosity and a first BN, To provide a second fluid having a second kinematic viscosity different from the first kinematic viscosity and a second BN, The first fluid and the second fluid are mixed in a first ratio and heated at 100°C until 14 mm ２ To produce a first cylinder oil having a kinematic viscosity of less than or equal to / s The method, including the method described above.

2. The target kinematic viscosity of the first cylinder oil is determined based on engine operating parameters and / or engine state parameters, Based on a parameter set including the first and second kinematic viscosities, a target ratio range of the first fluid and the second fluid corresponding to the target kinematic viscosity of the first cylinder oil is determined, The first fluid and the second fluid are blended such that the first ratio is set within the target ratio range corresponding to the target kinematic viscosity of the first cylinder oil. The method according to claim 1, including the method described in claim 1.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the formulation comprises blending the first fluid and the second fluid with a third fluid having a third kinematic viscosity and a third BN to produce the first cylinder oil.

4. Based on engine operating parameters and / or engine state parameters, the target BN of the first cylinder oil is determined, Based on a parameter set including at least the first BN, the second BN, and the third BN, the target ratio range of the first fluid and the second fluid corresponding to the target BN of the first cylinder oil is determined, The formulation is carried out such that the first ratio is set within the target ratio corresponding to the target BN of the first cylinder oil. The method according to claim 3, including the method described in claim 3.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising mixing the first fluid and the second fluid in a second ratio different from the first ratio to produce a second cylinder oil having a kinematic viscosity higher than that of the first cylinder oil.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the first cylinder oil has a different BN than the second cylinder oil.

7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the engine operating parameter or engine state parameter is at least one of the following: fuel sulfur content, engine load, engine speed, relative air humidity, cylinder iron wear discharge, total iron cylinder lubricant residual BN, and cylinder oil liner wall temperature.

8. The first fluid is a system oil, and / or The second fluid is an additive package, new cylinder oil, or used cylinder oil, and / or The third fluid is a base oil. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least one of the first fluid, the second fluid, or the third fluid is at least partially used oil.

10. A method for operating a reciprocating internal combustion engine for ships, A kinematic viscosity at 100°C is 14 mm² according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 9. ２ To manufacture cylinder oil that is less than or equal to / s, To supply the cylinder oil to the cylinder of the aforementioned marine reciprocating internal combustion engine. The method, including the method described above.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the kinematic viscosity of the cylinder oil is lower than the minimum cylinder oil kinematic viscosity recommended by the manufacturer for the marine reciprocating internal combustion engine.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the reciprocating internal combustion engine for ships is operating at an engine load of 60% or less.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the marine reciprocating internal combustion engine is a two-stroke crosshead engine.

14. A device for preparing cylinder oil, Blender and A first container for containing a first fluid having a first kinematic viscosity and a first BN, the first container being in fluid communication with the blender in a selectable manner, A second container for containing a second fluid having a second kinematic viscosity and a second BN, the second container being in fluid communication with the blender in a selectable manner, 14mm at 100℃ ２ A controller that determines the amount of a first fluid and the amount of a second fluid to be supplied to the blender in order to provide cylinder oil having a desired target viscosity and target BN of less than or equal to / s. The apparatus, including the above.

15. A ship equipped with the device described in claim 14.

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