Three-dimensional stacking apparatus and three-dimensional stacking method

Abstract

This prevents excessive heat buildup at the build location of an object formed from metal materials when melting a metallic laminate to create a laminated structure. [Solution] A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus is provided, comprising: a stacking head 18 that melts powder, which is a metal material, to create a stacked body A on a base portion 14 formed from the metal material; a moving unit that moves the stacking head 18 in the building direction relative to the base portion 14; and a cooling unit 22 that is formed from the metal material and is positioned in contact with the area of ​​the base portion 14 corresponding to the building area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a three-dimensional lamination apparatus and a three-dimensional lamination method.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, as a method of AM (Additive Manufacturing) technology, the DED (Directed Energy Deposition) method is known, in which a lamination material such as metal powder is melted on a lamination target to form a laminate at a shaping position (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The three-dimensional lamination apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 injects metal powder toward the shaping position, melts the metal powder with a light beam, and forms a laminate on the lamination target.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] When manufacturing an AM product by the DED method, the operation of melting the lamination material at the same shaping position is repeated multiple times in order to form a laminate at the shaping position. Therefore, as the number of repetitions of the operation of melting the lamination material increases, the amount of heat accumulated at the shaping position of the lamination target increases. If the amount of heat accumulated at the shaping position of the lamination target becomes excessive, thermal deformation occurs at the shaping position, which may make it difficult to form the laminate with a precise shape. In addition, if the amount of heat accumulated at the shaping position of the lamination target formed of a metal material becomes excessive, oxidation of the lamination target and deterioration of material properties occur, which may degrade the performance of the product.

[0005] To prevent excessive heat buildup in the fabricated areas of the object, one possible method is to increase the interval between repetitions of the melting process of the laminated material at the fabrication site to promote temperature reduction through natural heat dissipation. However, increasing the interval between repetitions of the melting process increases the fabrication time required to create a laminated object with the desired number of layers, thus reducing product productivity.

[0006] This disclosure has been made in view of these circumstances, and aims to provide a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus and a three-dimensional additive manufacturing method that can prevent excessive heat from accumulating at the manufacturing location of an object to be laminated when a laminate made of metallic material is melted and a laminate is fabricated at the manufacturing location of the object to be laminated. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises a manufacturing unit that melts a laminate material which is a metallic material to create a laminate at a location to be built on an object to be laminated which is made of a metallic material; a moving unit that moves the manufacturing unit in the manufacturing direction relative to the object to be laminated; and a cooling unit which is made of a metallic material and is positioned in contact with the area of ​​the object to be laminated which corresponds to the location to be built.

[0008] A three-dimensional stacking method according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a three-dimensional stacking method for forming a stack on an object to be stacked using a three-dimensional stacking apparatus, wherein the three-dimensional stacking apparatus comprises a forming unit that melts a stacking material which is a metallic material and forms the stack at a forming location of the object to be stacked which is formed of the metallic material, and a cooling unit which is formed of the metallic material and is positioned in contact with a region of the object to be stacked which corresponds to the forming location, and comprises a forming step of moving the forming unit in the forming direction relative to the object to be stacked which is formed [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to this disclosure, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus and a three-dimensional additive manufacturing method that can prevent excessive heat from accumulating at the manufacturing location of an object formed from a metal material when a laminate is melted and a laminate is fabricated at the manufacturing location of the object to be laminated. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional stacking apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the stacking head shown. [Figure 3] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the base and cooling section. [Figure 4] Figure 3 is a plan view of the base portion as seen from above in the Z2 direction. [Figure 5] This is a flowchart showing a three-dimensional stacking method for creating a stacked body on a base using the three-dimensional stacking apparatus of this embodiment. [Figure 6] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example in which a predetermined area of ​​the base portion on which the laminated body is fabricated has been removed by cutting. [Figure 7] This is a cross-sectional view showing another example where a predetermined area of ​​the base portion on which the laminate shown in Figure 3 is fabricated is removed by cutting. [Figure 8] This is a cross-sectional view showing the base portion and cooling portion of a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] This is a cross-sectional view showing the base portion and cooling portion of a third embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] This is a cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the base portion and cooling portion of a third embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] This is a cross-sectional view showing a second modified example of the base portion and cooling portion of the third embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] This is a cross-sectional view showing the base portion and cooling portion of the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the cooling channel shown. [Figure 14]FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a second modified example of the cooling flow channel illustrated. [Figure 15] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a base portion and a cooling portion according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure. [Mode for Carrying Out the Invention]

[0011] [First Embodiment] Hereinafter, a three-dimensional lamination apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional lamination apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the lamination head 18 shown in FIG. 1.

[0012] In the present embodiment, one direction in a horizontal plane is defined as direction X, a direction orthogonal to direction X in the horizontal plane is defined as direction Y, and a direction orthogonal to each of direction X and direction Y (vertical direction) is defined as direction Z. Further, one of the directions along direction Z is defined as direction Z1, and the other direction along direction Z, that is, the direction opposite to direction Z1, is defined as direction Z2. In the present embodiment, direction Z1 is the direction facing upward in the vertical direction, and direction Z2 is the direction facing downward in the vertical direction.

[0013] (Overall Configuration of Three-Dimensional Lamination Apparatus) As shown in FIG. 1, the three-dimensional lamination apparatus 1 includes, inside a three-dimensional lamination chamber R, a stage portion 10, a base moving portion 12, a base portion 14, a stage portion 16, a lamination head (modeling portion) 18, a head moving portion 20, a cooling portion 22, and a control portion 26. The control portion 26 may be provided outside the three-dimensional lamination chamber R.

[0014] The three-dimensional lamination apparatus 1 is an apparatus for forming a laminate A, which is a three-dimensional shaped object, on the base portion 14 that is a lamination target object. The base portion 14 is a member serving as a base on which the laminate A is formed. The base portion 14 of the present embodiment is a plate-shaped member. Note that the base portion 14 may be a member of another shape such as a cylindrical member or a curved surface-shaped member instead of a plate-shaped member. The base portion 14 is a member that is separate from the laminate A and serves as the base of the laminate A.

[0015] (Stage Portion, Base Moving Portion) The base portion 10 is a base that supports the base moving portion 12 and the base portion 14. The base moving portion 12 is provided on the base portion 10 and supports the base portion 14. The base moving portion 12 is a mechanism that moves the base portion 14 under the control of the control unit 26. The base moving portion 12 has a first moving portion 12A, a second moving portion 12B, and a rotating portion 12C. The first moving portion 12A is a mechanism that moves the base portion 14 in a first direction along the horizontal direction (perpendicular to the vertical direction). In this embodiment, the first moving portion 12A moves the base portion 14 along direction Y. More specifically, in this embodiment, the second moving portion 12B, the rotating portion 12C, and the base portion 14 are arranged on the first moving portion 12A, and the first moving portion 12A moves the second moving portion 12B, the rotating portion 12C, and the base portion 14 along direction Y.

[0016] The second moving part 12B is a mechanism that moves the base part 14 in a second direction that is perpendicular to the vertical direction (along the horizontal direction), and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. In this embodiment, the second moving part 12B moves the base part 14 along direction X. More specifically, in this embodiment, the rotating part 12C and the base part 14 are arranged on the second moving part 12B, and the second moving part 12B moves the rotating part 12C and the base part 14 along direction X. In this embodiment, the first moving part 12A and the second moving part 12B are sliders that move the base part 14 placed on top, but other mechanisms may be used.

[0017] The rotating part 12C is a rotary table on which the base part 14 is placed. The rotating part 12C rotates the base part 14 located on top of it by rotating about at least one axis of rotation. In this embodiment, the rotating part 12C rotates the base part 14 with three mutually orthogonal axes of rotation as its centers of rotation.

[0018] Thus, the base moving section 12 moves the base section 14 along directions X and Y using the first moving section 12A and the second moving section 12B, and rotates the base section 14 around three rotation axes using the rotating section 12C. In other words, the base moving section 12 is a five-axis moving mechanism that moves the base section 14 along two axes and rotates it around three rotation axes. However, the base moving section 12 is not limited to a five-axis moving mechanism; for example, it may be a two-axis moving mechanism that moves the base section 14 along directions X and Y.

[0019] (base) The base portion 16 is a base provided within the three-dimensional stacking chamber R, and in this embodiment, the head moving portion 20 is provided.

[0020] (Head movement section) The head moving unit 20 moves the stacking head 18 along the direction Z. In this embodiment, the head moving unit 20 is attached to the base unit 16. The head moving unit 20 moves the stacking head 18 along the direction Z. In this embodiment, the head moving unit 20 is a slider that moves the stacking head 18, but it may be a mechanism other than a slider. Also, the head moving unit 20 is not limited to being attached to the base unit 16, and the mounting position is arbitrary.

[0021] Thus, in this embodiment, the base unit 12 moves the base unit 14 (laminated body A) in the X and Y directions, thereby changing the position of the laminating head 18 relative to the laminated body A in the X and Y directions. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the head unit 20 moves the laminating head 18 in the Z direction, thereby changing the position of the laminating head 18 relative to the laminated body A in the Z direction.

[0022] However, the method of changing the position of the lamination head 18 relative to the laminate A is not limited to this. For example, the lamination head 18 may be moved in at least one direction of the X and Y directions, or the laminate A may be moved in the Z direction. In other words, the three-dimensional lamination apparatus 1 may change the position of the lamination head 18 relative to the laminate A by moving the laminate A, or by moving the lamination head 18, or by moving both the laminate A and the lamination head 18.

[0023] In the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 1, the base moving unit 12 and the head moving unit 20 move the additive manufacturing head 18 relative to the base unit 14, thereby creating a laminated body A on the base unit 14. With the base unit 14 as the reference, the direction in which the additive manufacturing head 18 moves on the horizontal plane (XY plane) becomes the manufacturing direction MD (see Figure 2) in which the laminated body A is created.

[0024] (Stacked head) The stacking head 18 is a device that melts powder (laminating material) P onto the base portion 14, which is the object to be stacked, to form a stacked body A. The stacking head 18 is located on the Z1 side of the base portion 14, that is, on the vertically upward side of the base portion 14. The stacking head 18 irradiates a light beam L from the light beam irradiation port 18Ga toward the base portion 14 and sprays powder P from the spray ports 18Aa and 18Ba toward the base portion 14, thereby forming a stacked body A on the base portion 14. In other words, the three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 according to this embodiment is a deposition-type three-dimensional stacking apparatus equipped with a stacking head 18.

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the stacking head 18 according to this embodiment. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the stacking head 18 has a plurality of injection nozzles 18A, 18B and a light irradiation section 18E. The outside of the injection nozzle 18A is defined by an outer cylinder 18a.

[0026] Multiple injection nozzles 18A and 18B inject powder P towards the molding area on the base 14. Powder P is supplied to the injection nozzles 18A and 18B from a powder supply unit (not shown). Powder is injected from the injection port 18Aa of injection nozzle 18A towards the molding area on the base 14, and powder is injected from the injection port 18Ba of injection nozzle 18B towards the molding area on the base 14.

[0027] The light irradiation unit 18E is a device that irradiates the area to be fabricated with a light beam L to melt the powder and fabricate a laminated body A on the base unit 14. The layering head 18 has a light beam irradiation port 18Ga opening at its end 18b on the Z2 side, which communicates with the beam path 18G. In other words, the light beam irradiation port 18Ga is the opening on the Z2 side of the beam path 18G. An optical element 18Gb and protective glass 18Gc are attached to the inner circumferential surface 18Gd of the beam path 18G.

[0028] The optical element 18Gb includes, for example, a collimating lens that collimates the light beam L and a focusing lens that focuses the collimated light beam L. The protective glass 18Gc is provided on the end 18b side of the optical element 18Gb and is a cover glass that protects the inside of the stacked head 18. The light beam L output from the light irradiation unit 18E is reflected by mirrors 18Ea and 18Eb provided between the light irradiation unit 18E and the beam path 18G and introduced into the beam path 18G.

[0029] The light beam L travels along the beam path 18G in the Z2 direction, is focused by the optical element 18Gb, passes through the protective glass 18Gc, and is emitted from the light beam irradiation port 18Ga to the outside of the stacked head 18. The light beam L emitted from the light beam irradiation port 18Ga travels in the Z2 direction and irradiates the base portion 14.

[0030] Here, the powder P is ejected toward the base portion 14 with a predetermined spot diameter, and the light beam L is irradiated toward the base portion 14 with a predetermined spot diameter. The powder P melts due to the heat of the light beam L and the heat of the laminate A heated by the irradiation of the light beam L, forming a molten pool (molten region) M. The molten pool M can be said to contain at least one of the molten powder P and the molten laminate A. As the base portion 14 moves relative to the lamination head 18, the position to which the light beam L is irradiated changes.

[0031] Therefore, the area where the light beam L was irradiated and formed the molten pool M cools and solidifies when the light beam L is no longer irradiated, forming a bead B. By stacking these beads B in a three-dimensional manner, the laminate A is formed. Hereinafter, the area on the base portion 14 where the light beam L is irradiated and powder P is sprayed, that is, the area where beads B are formed, will be referred to as the fabricated area. The fabricated area includes at least the part where the molten pool M is formed, and more precisely, it can be said to include the molten pool M and the bead B around the molten pool M. In this embodiment, the light beam L is laser light, but is not limited to laser light, and may be an electron beam, for example.

[0032] (Control Unit) The control unit 26 is a device that controls each part of the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 1, in this case it is a computer. The control unit 26 controls the additive manufacturing head 18, causing powder P to be ejected from the additive manufacturing head 18 while irradiating it with a light beam L, and moves the position of the base part 14 (additive body A) relative to the additive manufacturing head 18 at a predetermined feed rate, thereby creating the additive body A.

[0033] (cooling section) Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the base portion 14 and cooling portion 22 shown in Figure 1. Figure 4 is a plan view of the base portion 14 shown in Figure 3, viewed from above in the Z2 direction. As shown in Figure 3, the cooling portion 22 is a plate-shaped member that is positioned in contact with the area of ​​the base portion 14, which is the object to be laminated, corresponding to the area where the layers are to be fabricated. The cooling portion 22 is made of a metal material.

[0034] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the cooling unit 22 includes a cooling member 22a formed in the shape of a plate from a metal material, and a pair of holding parts 22b that hold the cooling member 22a in contact with the base part 14. The pair of holding parts 22b fix the ends of the base part 14 and the cooling member 22a so as to maintain a state in which the upper surface 22a1 of the cooling member 22a is in contact with the lower surface 14b of the base part 14.

[0035] The holding portion 22b includes a main body portion 22b1, a holding member 22b2, and a holding member 22b3. The holding member 22b2 is fastened to the main body portion 22b1 by, for example, fastening bolts (not shown). The holding member 22b3 is fastened to the main body portion 22b1 by, for example, fastening bolts (not shown). The holding portion 22b brings the upper surface 22a1 of the cooling member 22a and the lower surface 14b of the base portion 14 into contact by bringing the holding member 22b2 into contact with the upper surface 14a of the base portion 14 and the holding member 22b3 into contact with the lower surface 22a2 of the cooling member 22a and tightening the fastening bolts.

[0036] The three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 1 of this embodiment can create a stacked body A of any shape by moving the stacking head 18 in any building direction MD. The stacked body A shown in Figures 3 and 4 is formed in a cylindrical shape extending in the Z direction with an axis AX1 extending in the Z direction as its center.

[0037] Next, with reference to Figure 5, a three-dimensional stacking method for forming a laminated body A on the base portion 14 using the three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 of this embodiment will be described. Figure 5 is a flowchart showing the three-dimensional stacking method for forming a laminated body A on the base portion 14 using the three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 of this embodiment.

[0038] In step S101, the control unit 26 determines whether to change the printing location of the base portion 14 on which the stacked body A is stacked by the stacking head 18. If YES, the process proceeds to step S102; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S103. When the three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 starts the printing operation to create the stacked body A on the base portion 14, if the current position of the stacking head 18 is not the initial position where the printing operation should start, the process is determined to be YES and the process proceeds to step S102.

[0039] In step S102, the control unit 26 controls the base moving unit 12 and the head moving unit 20 to move the stacking head 18 to the printing location on the base unit 14. In step S103, the control unit 26 controls the stacking head 18, the base moving unit 12, and the head moving unit 20 to create the stacked body A on the upper surface 14a of the base unit 14 which is formed into a plate shape by the stacking head 18.

[0040] In step S104, the control unit 26 determines whether the printing operation of the laminate A on the base unit 14 is complete. If it is YES, it proceeds to step S105; otherwise, it proceeds to step S101.

[0041] The control unit 26 repeats the printing operation of creating a laminated body A on the base unit 14 using the layering head 18, changing the printing location, until it determines YES in step S104. For example, in order to create a laminated body A of a desired height at the same printing location, the layering head 18 repeats the printing operation a number of times corresponding to the desired height at the same printing location.

[0042] As the printing operation is repeated, heat generated when the powder P is melted by the light beam L is transferred from the stacked material A to the printing area of ​​the base part 14, and further heat is transferred from the printing area to the cooling unit 22. The cooling unit 22 is positioned in contact with the area corresponding to the printing area on the upper surface 14a and the opposite lower surface (second surface) 14b of the base part 14, and cools the printing area by receiving the heat transferred from the printing area.

[0043] In step S105, the control unit 26 determines whether to perform cutting on the base portion 14. If YES, the process proceeds to step S106; otherwise, the process in this flowchart is terminated.

[0044] In step S106, the operator removes the pair of holding parts 22b from the base part 14 and the cooling part 22, and places the base part 14 on the cutting machine (not shown). The operator operates the cutting machine (not shown) and performs cutting on the base part 14.

[0045] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example in which a predetermined region PA of the base portion 14 on which the laminated body A shown in Figure 3 is fabricated is removed by cutting. As shown in Figure 6, the lamination head 18 of this embodiment fabricates the laminated body A in a cylindrical (wall-like) shape on the base portion 14, surrounding a predetermined region PA on the upper surface (first surface) 14a. The operator then operates a cutting device (not shown) to remove the predetermined region PA by cutting. In the example shown in Figure 6, the operator removes the predetermined region PA by cutting in such a way that a through hole 14c having the same inner diameter as the diameter D1 of the inner circumferential surface Aa of the laminated body A is formed.

[0046] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another example in which a predetermined region PA of the base portion 14 on which the laminate A shown in Figure 3 is fabricated is removed by cutting. The operator operates a cutting machine (not shown) to remove the predetermined region PA by cutting. In the example shown in Figure 7, the operator removes the predetermined region PA by cutting in such a way that a through hole 14c having an inner diameter D2 which is larger than the diameter D1 of the inner circumferential surface Aa of the laminate A is formed.

[0047] In the example shown in Figure 7, a portion of the inner surface Aa of the fabricated laminate A is machined to have the same inner diameter D2 as the through hole 14c. In the example shown in Figure 7, by machining both the laminate A and the base portion 14 with the same cutting machine, it is possible to machine them with high precision so that each has the same inner diameter D2.

[0048] The functions and effects of the three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 of this embodiment, as described above, will now be explained. According to the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 1 of this embodiment, the base moving unit 12 and the head moving unit 20 move the additive manufacturing head 18 relative to the base unit 14 in a desired manufacturing direction MD, thereby creating a laminated body A of a desired shape by the additive manufacturing head 18. The additive manufacturing head 18 melts powder P, which is a metallic material, to create the laminated body A at the manufacturing location on the base unit 14. The cooling unit 22, which is made of metallic material, is positioned in contact with the area of ​​the base unit 14 corresponding to the manufacturing location.

[0049] The cooling unit 22 cools the fabrication area to prevent heat from accumulating in the fabrication area when the operation of melting powder P in the fabrication area of ​​the base 14 is repeated. In this way, according to the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 1 of this embodiment, when melting powder P, which is a metallic material, and fabricating the fabrication area of ​​the base 14 which is formed of a metallic material, it is possible to prevent the amount of heat accumulated in the fabrication area of ​​the powder P from becoming excessive.

[0050] Furthermore, according to the three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 of this embodiment, the cooling unit 22 is positioned in contact with the area corresponding to the printing location on the lower surface 14b opposite to the upper surface 14a where the stacked body A is fabricated by the stacking head 18. Compared to the case where the cooling unit 22 is positioned in contact with the upper surface 14a, a larger contact area between the cooling unit 22 and the base unit 14 can be secured, thereby improving cooling efficiency.

[0051] [Second Embodiment] Next, a three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment of this disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. This embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment and is the same as the first embodiment unless otherwise specifically described below, so the following description will be omitted.

[0052] In the first embodiment, the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 1 was arranged in a state in which a cooling member 22a, which is formed in a flat plate shape, was in contact with a base portion 14, which is formed in a flat plate shape. In contrast, in this embodiment, the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 1 is arranged in a state in which the cooling member 22Aa is in contact with the region of the inner circumferential surface 14Ab corresponding to the fabrication area of ​​the outer circumferential surface 14Aa of the base portion 14A, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along the axis AX2.

[0053] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the base portion 14A and the cooling portion 22A of a second embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 8, the stacking head 18 creates the stacked body A at the fabrication location on the outer peripheral surface 14Aa of the base portion 14A, which extends cylindrically (in the example shown in Figure 8) along the axis AX2.

[0054] The cooling section 22A includes a cooling member 22Aa, a fixing member 22Ab, and a holding member 22Ac. The cooling member 22Aa is a member positioned in contact with the area of ​​the inner circumferential surface 14Ab of the base portion 14A that corresponds to the molded area. The cooling member 22Aa is made of a metal material. The outer circumferential surface 22Aa1 of the cooling member 22Aa is formed in an arc shape having the same curvature as the inner circumferential surface 14Ab of the base portion 14A.

[0055] The fixing member 22Ab is positioned in contact with the inner circumferential surface 14Ab on the opposite side of the fabrication area with respect to the axis AX2. The outer circumferential surface 22Ab1 of the fixing member 22Ab is formed in an arc shape having the same curvature as the inner circumferential surface 14Ab of the base portion 14A.

[0056] The holding member 22Ac is connected to the cooling member 22Aa and the fixing member 22Ab, and is a member that maintains the state in which the cooling member 22Aa and the fixing member 22Ab are in contact with the inner circumferential surface 14Ab of the base portion 14A. The holding member 22Ac is formed in a rod shape so as to extend along the axis AX1 which is perpendicular to the axis AX2.

[0057] According to the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 1 of this embodiment, the structure of the base portion 14A, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along the axis AX2, is utilized. The cooling member 22Aa is positioned in contact with the area of ​​the inner circumferential surface 14Ab of the base portion 14A that corresponds to the area to be fabricated, and the fixing member 22Ab is positioned in contact with the inner circumferential surface 14Ab on the opposite side of the area to be fabricated. The holding member 22Ac can then hold the cooling member 22Aa and the fixing member 22Ab in contact with the inner circumferential surface 14Ab of the base portion 14A, respectively.

[0058] [Third Embodiment] Next, a three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 according to the third embodiment of this disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. This embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment and is the same as the first embodiment unless otherwise specifically described below, so the following description will be omitted.

[0059] In the first embodiment, the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 1 had the cooling member 22a of the cooling unit 22 in contact with the entire area of ​​the lower surface 14b of the base portion 14. In contrast, in this embodiment, the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 1 selectively has the cooling member 22Ba of the cooling unit 22B in contact with the area of ​​the lower surface 14b of the base portion 14 that is close to the area to be fabricated. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 1 fixes the cooling unit 22B using the through hole 14d formed in the base portion 14 in the area to be removed by a cutting machine (not shown).

[0060] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the base portion 14 and the cooling portion 22B of a third embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 9, the stacking head 18 fabricates a stack A in the shape of a wall surrounding a predetermined area PA on the upper surface 14a of the base portion 14. The cooling portion 22B is selectively positioned in an area close to the fabrication area from the entire area of ​​the lower surface 14b of the base portion 14. In this way, the size of the cooling portion 22B can be reduced while efficiently cooling the area where heat transferred from the stack A accumulates.

[0061] As shown in Figure 9, a through hole 14d extending along the axis AX1 is formed in a predetermined region PA of the base portion 14. The predetermined region PA is the area that is removed by a cutting machine (not shown) after the laminate A is formed by the laminate head 18 through cutting performed in step S106 in Figure 5.

[0062] The cooling member 22Ba of the cooling section 22B has a through hole 22Ba3 that extends along the axis AX1. Fastening bolts (fastening members) 22Bc are inserted into both the through hole 14d and the through hole 22Ba3. The male threads formed on the tip of the fastening bolts 22Bc are fastened to fastening nuts 22Bd. By fastening the fastening bolts 22Bc to fastening nuts 22Bd, the upper surface 22Ba1 of the cooling member 22Ba is positioned in contact with the area of ​​the lower surface 14b of the base section 14 that corresponds to the molded area.

[0063] Furthermore, in the base portion 14 shown in Figure 9, if the stacking head 18 prints another stacked body Ab, indicated by a dotted line, at a position different from the predetermined region PA, and the volume of the other stacked body Ab is sufficiently smaller than the volume of stacked body A, then the amount of heat transferred from the other stacked body Ab to the base portion 14 is small. In such cases, the cooling unit 22 does not need to be in contact with the region corresponding to the other stacked body Ab (the region of the lower surface 14b of the base portion 14 corresponding to the other stacked body Ab).

[0064] On the other hand, if the volume of the other laminated body Ab is not sufficiently smaller than the volume of laminated body A, and the amount of heat transferred by the other laminated body Ab to the base portion 14 has a significant impact on the base portion 14, it is preferable to bring the cooling portion 22 into contact with the region corresponding to the other laminated body Ab. For example, as shown by the dotted line in Figure 9, it is preferable to extend the cooling member 22a to region AR1. In this case, the shape of region AR1 is set to exhibit a cooling capacity corresponding to the volume of the other laminated body Ab. In the example shown in Figure 9, the thickness of the cooling member 22a in the Z direction in region AR1 is made thinner than the thickness of the cooling member 22a in the Z direction near a predetermined region PA.

[0065] In Figure 9, the base portion 14 and the cooling portion 22B are maintained in contact with each other by a single fastening bolt 22Bc inserted into a single through hole 14d formed in the base portion 14, but other configurations are also possible. For example, as shown in Figure 10, the base portion 14 may be maintained in contact with each other by two fastening bolts 22Bc inserted into two through holes 14d formed in the base portion 14.

[0066] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the base portion 14 and cooling portion 22B of a third embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 10, two through holes 14d extending parallel to the axis AX1 are formed in a predetermined region PA of the base portion 14. Two through holes 22Ba3 extending parallel to the axis AX1 are formed in the cooling member 22Ba of the cooling portion 22B. Two fastening bolts 22Bc are inserted into each of the two through holes 14d and the two through holes 22Ba3.

[0067] Furthermore, in the case of the base portion 14 and cooling portion 22B shown in Figure 9, the cooling member 22Ba, which is formed in a flat plate shape, is placed in contact with the base portion 14, which is formed in a flat plate shape. However, other configurations are also possible. For example, as shown in Figure 11, the cooling member 22Ca of the cooling portion 22C may be placed in contact with the region of the inner circumferential surface 14Cb corresponding to the fabricated area of ​​the outer circumferential surface 14Ca of the base portion 14C, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along the axis AX2.

[0068] Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a second modified example of the base portion 14C and cooling portion 22C of the third embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 11, the lamination head 18 fabricates the laminate A at the fabrication location on the outer peripheral surface 14Ca of the base portion 14C, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along the axis AX2. The inner peripheral surface 22Ca1 of the cooling member 22Ca of the cooling portion 22C is positioned in contact with the inner peripheral surface 14Cb of the base portion 14C.

[0069] In the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus 1 of this embodiment, the cooling unit 22B is positioned in contact with the area of ​​the base unit 14 corresponding to the fabrication area by fastening bolts 22Bc inserted into through holes 14d formed in a predetermined area PA that is removed after the additive manufacturing of the laminated body A by the additive manufacturing head 18. Since the cooling unit 22B is fixed to the base unit 14 in the predetermined area PA, which is near the fabrication area, distortion of the base unit 14 can be suppressed compared to when the cooling unit 22B is fixed to the base unit 14 in a location other than the predetermined area PA. Furthermore, since the predetermined area PA is an area that is removed after the additive manufacturing of the laminated body A, even if dents or scratches occur due to the fastening bolts 22Bc, there is no impact on the final product.

[0070] [Fourth Embodiment] Next, a three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 according to the fourth embodiment of this disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. This embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment and is the same as the third embodiment unless otherwise specifically described below, so the following description will be omitted. The three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 of this embodiment differs from the cooling unit 22B of the third embodiment in that the cooling unit 22B has a cooling channel 22Ba4 for increasing the cooling efficiency.

[0071] Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the base portion 14 and the cooling portion 22B of the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 12, the cooling member 22Ba of the cooling portion 22B of this embodiment has a pair of cooling channels 22Ba4 through which a cooling liquid (cooling medium) such as water flows. The cooling channels 22Ba4 allow the flow of water from the inlet 22Ba5 to flow in and discharge it from the outlet 22Ba6. The cooling channels 22Ba4 cool the cooling member 22Ba by transferring the heat transmitted from the laminate A to the cooling member 22Ba to the cooling liquid.

[0072] The cooling channel 22Ba4 shown in Figure 12 is configured to flow through a single channel from the inlet 22Ba5 to the outlet 22Ba6, but other configurations are also possible. For example, the cooling channel 22Ba4 may be configured to branch into multiple branch channels near the fabrication area where the laminate A is created.

[0073] Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the cooling channel 22Ba4 shown in Figure 12. The cooling channel 22Ba4 shown in Figure 13 is branched into multiple branched channels near the fabrication area where the laminate A is fabricated. By branching the cooling channel 22Ba4 into multiple branched channels near the fabrication area, the contact area in which the cooling member 22Ba contacts the coolant is larger near the fabrication area than in other areas. Therefore, the cooling capacity of the cooling member 22Ba near the fabrication area is increased, and the cooling member 22Ba can be cooled efficiently.

[0074] Furthermore, although the cooling channel 22Ba4 shown in Figure 12 is configured to circulate the coolant from the inlet 22Ba5 to the outlet 22Ba6 so as to gradually approach a predetermined region PA, other configurations are also possible. For example, the cooling channel 22Ba4 may be configured to meander, repeatedly moving in a direction towards the predetermined region PA and a direction away from the predetermined region PA from the inlet 22Ba5 to the outlet 22Ba6.

[0075] Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a second modified example of the cooling channel 22Ba4 shown in Figure 12. The cooling channel 22Ba4 shown in Figure 14 is a meandering channel that repeatedly moves towards a predetermined region PA and away from the predetermined region PA from the inlet 22Ba5 to the outlet 22Ba6. In the cooling channel 22Ba4 shown in Figure 14, heat is transferred to the cooling water passing near the laminate A, and the heat from the cooling water is released to the cooling member 22Ba in the region where the flow direction changes as the water moves away from the vicinity of the laminate A. By repeatedly transferring heat from the cooling member 22Ba to the cooling water and releasing heat from the cooling water to the cooling member 22Ba, the cooling member 22Ba can be efficiently cooled.

[0076] [Fifth Embodiment] Next, a three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 according to the fifth embodiment of this disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. This embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment and is the same as the third embodiment unless otherwise specifically described below, so the following description will be omitted. The three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 of this embodiment differs from the cooling unit 22B of the third embodiment in that it has a spraying unit 22Be that blows cooling gas toward the cooling member 22Ba.

[0077] Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view showing the base portion 14 and the cooling portion 22B of a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 15, the cooling portion 22B of this embodiment has a pair of spraying portions 22Be that spray a cooling gas Ga toward the cooling member 22Ba. The cooling gas Ga is, for example, air. The cooling member 22Ba has a plurality of notches 22Ba7 formed therein to increase the contact area of ​​the cooling gas. According to the three-dimensional stacking apparatus 1 of this embodiment, the cooling portion can be efficiently cooled by spraying the cooling gas Ga toward the cooling member 22Ba with the spraying portions 22Be.

[0078] [Other embodiments] In the above description, it is preferable that the cooling sections 22, 22A, 22B, and 22C are arranged in contact with the area of ​​the base section 14 corresponding to the molded area via a sheet-like or gel-like heat conductive member. By transferring heat from the molded area of ​​the base section 14 to the cooling sections 22, 22A, 22B, and 22C via the sheet-like or gel-like heat conductive member, heat can be appropriately transferred from the molded area to the cooling sections 22, 22A, 22B, and 22C even if deformation occurs in the base section 14.

[0079] In the above description, the layering head 18 is described as spraying powder P, formed from a metal material, onto the build area and melting the powder P with a light beam L, but other embodiments are also possible. For example, a wire formed from a metal material may be supplied to the build area and the wire may be melted by electrical discharge.

[0080] The three-dimensional stacking apparatus and three-dimensional stacking method described in each embodiment above can be understood, for example, as follows.

[0081] A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus (1) according to a first aspect of the present disclosure includes a molding unit (18) that melts a metallic laminate (P) to form a laminate (A) at a molding location on an object to be laminated (14) formed from the metallic material, a moving unit (12, 20) that moves the molding unit in the molding direction (MD) relative to the object to be laminated, and a cooling unit (22) that is formed from the metallic material and is positioned in contact with the region of the object to be laminated that corresponds to the molding location.

[0082] According to the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus of the first aspect of this disclosure, a moving unit moves the building unit in a desired building direction relative to the object to be laminated, thereby creating a laminate of a desired shape by the building unit. The building unit melts a metallic laminate material to create a laminate at the building location on the object to be laminated. A cooling unit, formed from a metallic material, is positioned in contact with the area corresponding to the building location on the object to be laminated. The cooling unit cools the building location to prevent heat transferred from the laminate to the object from accumulating at the building location as the operation of melting the laminate material at the building location on the object to be laminated is repeated.

[0083] Thus, according to the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus of the first aspect of this disclosure, when melting a metallic laminate material to create a laminate at the location of the object to be laminated, it is possible to prevent excessive heat from accumulating at the location of the object to be laminated. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent thermal deformation at the location of the object to be laminated, and to prevent problems such as difficulty in creating a laminate with a precise shape, which can occur due to excessive heat accumulation at the location of the object to be laminated. In addition, it is possible to prevent oxidation of the object to be laminated and deterioration of its material properties, which can lead to a decrease in product performance.

[0084] A three-dimensional stacking apparatus according to a second aspect of the present disclosure further comprises the following configuration in the first aspect: The molding unit forms the stack at the molding location on the first surface of the stacking object which is formed in a plate shape, and the cooling unit is positioned in contact with a region on the second surface opposite to the first surface of the stacking object which corresponds to the molding location.

[0085] According to the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus of the second aspect of this disclosure, the cooling unit is positioned in contact with the region corresponding to the manufacturing area on the second surface opposite to the first surface where the additive body is manufactured by the manufacturing unit. Compared to the case where the cooling unit is positioned in contact with the first surface, a larger contact area between the cooling unit and the object to be added can be secured, thereby improving cooling efficiency.

[0086] A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to a third aspect of the present disclosure further comprises the following configuration in the first aspect: The molding section molds the laminate at the molding location on the outer circumferential surface (14Aa) of the object to be laminated, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along an axis (AX2); the cooling section comprises a cooling member (22Aa) made of a metal material and positioned in contact with a region on the inner circumferential surface (14Ab) of the object to be laminated corresponding to the molding location; a fixing member (22Ab) positioned in contact with the inner circumferential surface on the opposite side of the molding location with respect to the axis; and a holding member (22Ac) connected to the cooling member and the fixing member, which maintains the state in which the cooling member and the fixing member are in contact with the inner circumferential surface.

[0087] According to the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus of the third aspect of this disclosure, the structure of the object to be stacked, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along its axis, is utilized, a cooling member is placed in contact with the area on the inner circumferential surface of the object to be stacked that corresponds to the area to be fabricated, a fixing member is placed in contact with the inner circumferential surface on the opposite side of the area to be fabricated, and the state in which the cooling member and the fixing member are in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the object to be stacked can be maintained by a holding member.

[0088] A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure further comprises the following configuration in a second aspect: the molding unit molds the laminate in the shape of a wall surrounding a predetermined area (PA) on the first surface, the cooling unit is positioned in contact with the area corresponding to the molding location by fastening members inserted into through holes (14d) formed in the predetermined area of ​​the object to be laminated, and the predetermined area is an area that is removed after the laminate is molded by the molding unit.

[0089] According to the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus of the fourth aspect of this disclosure, a cooling unit is positioned in contact with the area corresponding to the printing location of the object to be laminated by fastening members inserted into through holes formed in a predetermined area that is removed after the laminate is printed by the printing unit. Since the cooling unit is fixed to the object to be laminated in the predetermined area near the printing location, distortion of the object to be laminated can be suppressed compared to when the cooling unit is fixed to the object to be laminated in a location other than the predetermined area. Furthermore, since the predetermined area is an area that is removed after the laminate is printed, even if dents or scratches occur due to the fastening members, there is no impact on the final product.

[0090] A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure further comprises the following configuration in a fourth aspect: The molding unit molds the laminate at the molding location on the first surface, which is the outer circumferential surface of the object to be laminated, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along its axis, and the cooling unit is positioned in contact with the second surface, which is the inner circumferential surface of the object to be laminated.

[0091] According to the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus of the fifth aspect of this disclosure, when a laminate is manufactured at a manufacturing location on the outer surface of an object to be laminated, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along its axis, the heat transmitted from the manufacturing location can be appropriately cooled by a cooling unit that is positioned in contact with the inner surface of the object to be laminated.

[0092] A three-dimensional stacking apparatus according to the sixth aspect of this disclosure further comprises the following configuration in any of the first to fifth aspects: namely, the cooling section has a cooling channel (22Ba4) through which a cooling medium is circulated. According to the three-dimensional stacking apparatus of the sixth aspect of this disclosure, the cooling section can be efficiently cooled by circulating a cooling medium through the cooling channel.

[0093] A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to a seventh aspect of this disclosure further comprises the following configuration in the first or second aspect: the cooling unit includes a cooling member made of a metal material that is positioned in contact with the area corresponding to the molding location of the object to be stacked, and a spraying unit (22Be) that blows a cooling gas toward the cooling member. According to the three-dimensional stacking apparatus of the seventh aspect of this disclosure, the cooling section can be efficiently cooled by blowing a cooling gas toward the cooling member using the spraying section.

[0094] The three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to the eighth aspect of this disclosure further comprises the following configuration in any of the first to fifth aspects: The cooling unit is positioned in contact with the region of the object to be laminated that corresponds to the molding area, via a sheet-like or gel-like heat conductive member. According to the three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus of the eighth aspect of this disclosure, heat can be appropriately transferred from the manufacturing area to the cooling area of ​​the object to be laminated to a cooling area via a sheet-like or gel-like heat conductive member, even if deformation occurs in the object to be laminated.

[0095] In a three-dimensional stacking method according to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, the three-dimensional stacking apparatus comprises a molding unit that melts a stacking material which is a metallic material to form the stacked body at a molding location of the object to be stacked which is formed of the metallic material, and a cooling unit which is formed of the metallic material and is positioned in contact with a region of the object to be stacked which corresponds to the molding location, and comprises a molding step of moving the molding unit in the molding direction relative to the object to be stacked which is formed to form the stacked body at the molding location.

[0096] According to the three-dimensional additive manufacturing method of the ninth aspect of this disclosure, a moving part moves the manufacturing part in a desired manufacturing direction relative to the object to be laminated, thereby manufacturing a laminate of a desired shape. The manufacturing process involves melting a laminate material, which is a metallic material, to create a laminate at the manufacturing location on the object to be laminated. A cooling part, formed from a metallic material, is positioned in contact with the region corresponding to the manufacturing location on the object to be laminated. The cooling part cools the manufacturing location to prevent heat transferred from the laminate to the object from accumulating at the manufacturing location as the operation of melting the laminate material at the manufacturing location on the object to be laminated is repeated.

[0097] Thus, according to the three-dimensional lamination method of the ninth aspect of this disclosure, when melting a metallic laminate material to create a laminate at a location on a laminated object formed from the metallic material, it is possible to prevent excessive heat from accumulating at the location on the laminated object. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent thermal deformation at the location on the laminated object and problems that arise when it is difficult to create a laminate with a precise shape due to excessive heat accumulation at the location on the laminated object. In addition, it is possible to prevent oxidation of the laminated object and deterioration of its material properties, which would lead to a decrease in product performance.

[0098] A three-dimensional stacking method according to a tenth aspect of the present disclosure further comprises the following configuration in a ninth aspect: the molding step involves forming the stack at the molding location on the first surface of the stacking object which is formed in a plate shape, and the cooling unit is positioned in contact with a region on the second surface opposite to the first surface of the stacking object which corresponds to the molding location.

[0099] According to the three-dimensional stacking method of the tenth aspect of this disclosure, the cooling unit is positioned in contact with the region corresponding to the printing area on the second surface opposite to the first surface where the stacked body is formed by the printing unit. Compared to the case where the cooling unit is positioned in contact with the first surface, a larger contact area between the cooling unit and the stacked object can be secured, thereby improving cooling efficiency.

[0100] A three-dimensional additive manufacturing method according to an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure further comprises the following configuration in the ninth aspect: The molding step involves molding the laminate at the molding location on the outer circumferential surface of the object to be laminated, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along its axis; the cooling unit includes a cooling member made of a metal material and positioned in contact with a region on the inner circumferential surface of the object to be laminated corresponding to the molding location; a fixing member positioned in contact with the inner circumferential surface on the opposite side of the molding location with respect to the axis; and a holding member connected to the cooling member and the fixing member, which maintains the state in which the cooling member and the fixing member are in contact with the inner circumferential surface.

[0101] According to the three-dimensional stacking method of the 11th aspect of this disclosure, the structure of the stacking object, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along its axis, is utilized, a cooling member is placed in contact with the area corresponding to the fabrication location on the inner circumferential surface of the stacking object, a fixing member is placed in contact with the inner circumferential surface on the opposite side of the fabrication location, and the state in which the cooling member and the fixing member are in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the stacking object can be maintained by a holding member.

[0102] A three-dimensional stacking method according to a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure further comprises the following configuration in the tenth aspect: the molding step molds the stacked body in the shape of a wall surrounding a predetermined area of ​​the first surface, the cooling unit is positioned in contact with the area corresponding to the molding location by fastening members inserted into through holes formed in the predetermined area of ​​the object to be stacked, and the molding step includes a removal step to remove the predetermined area after the molding step has molded the stacked body.

[0103] According to the three-dimensional additive manufacturing method of the twelfth aspect of this disclosure, a cooling unit is positioned in contact with the area corresponding to the fabrication location of the object to be laminated by a fastening member inserted into a through-hole formed in a predetermined area that is removed in a removal step after the fabrication step has fabricated the laminate. Since the cooling unit is fixed to the object to be laminated in a predetermined area near the fabrication location, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of distortion in the object to be laminated compared to when the cooling unit is fixed to the object to be laminated in a location other than the predetermined area. Furthermore, since the predetermined area is an area that is removed after the fabrication of the laminate, even if dents or scratches occur due to the fastening member, there is no impact on the final product.

[0104] A three-dimensional stacking method according to a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure further comprises the following configuration in a twelfth aspect: The manufacturing step involves manufacturing the stack at the manufacturing location on the first surface, which is the outer circumferential surface of the stacking object formed in a cylindrical shape along its axis, and the cooling unit is positioned in contact with the second surface, which is the inner circumferential surface of the stacking object.

[0105] According to the three-dimensional stacking method of the 13th aspect of this disclosure, when a stack is formed at a fabrication location on the outer surface of an object to be stacked, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along its axis, the heat transmitted from the fabrication location can be appropriately cooled by a cooling unit that is positioned in contact with the inner surface of the object to be stacked.

[0106] The three-dimensional stacking method according to the 14th aspect of this disclosure further comprises the following configuration in any of the 9th to 13th aspects: namely, the cooling section has a cooling channel through which a cooling medium is circulated. According to the three-dimensional stacking method of the 14th aspect of this disclosure, the cooling section can be efficiently cooled by circulating a cooling medium through the cooling channel.

[0107] A three-dimensional additive manufacturing method according to a 15th aspect of the present disclosure further comprises the following configuration in the 9th or 10th aspect: the cooling unit includes a cooling member made of a metal material that is positioned in contact with the region corresponding to the fabrication area of ​​the object to be laminated, and a spraying unit that blows a cooling gas toward the cooling member. According to the three-dimensional lamination method of the 15th aspect of this disclosure, the cooling portion can be efficiently cooled by blowing a cooling gas toward the cooling member using the spraying portion.

[0108] The three-dimensional stacking method according to the 16th aspect of this disclosure further comprises the following configuration in any of the 9th to 13th aspects: The cooling unit is positioned in contact with the region of the stacking object corresponding to the fabrication area via a sheet-like or gel-like heat conductive member. According to the three-dimensional lamination method of the 16th aspect of this disclosure, heat can be appropriately transferred from the fabrication area to the cooling area of ​​the object to be laminated to a cooling area via a sheet-like or gel-like heat-conducting member, even if deformation occurs in the object to be laminated. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0109] 1. Three-dimensional stacking apparatus 10 units 12 Base movement section 14, 14A, 14C Base section (object to be stacked) 14Aa,14Ca outer surface 14Ab,14Cb Inner surface 14a Top side 14b Bottom side 14c,14d through hole 18. Layer head (printing unit) 20 Head movement section 22,22A,22B,22C Cooling section 22a, 22Aa, 22Ba, 22Ca Cooling material 22Aa1,22Ab1 Outer surface 22Ab Fixing member 22Ac retaining member 22a1,22Ba1 top surface 22Ba3 through hole 22Ba4 Cooling channel 22Ba5 Inlet 22Ba6 Outlet 22Ba7 Notch 22Bc fastening bolts 22Bd Fastening nut 22Be sprayed section 22b Holding part 22b1 Main body 22b2 Retaining member 22b3 Retaining member 26 Control Unit A,Ab laminate AR1 area AX1,AX2 axis line Aa Inner surface Ga cooling gas L Light Beam M melting pool MD printing direction P powder PA predetermined area R 3D stacking room

Claims

1. A molding unit that melts a laminated material, which is a metallic material, and creates a laminated body at the molding location of the object to be molded from the metallic material, A moving unit that moves the molding unit in the molding direction relative to the object to be laminated, A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus comprising a cooling unit formed of a metal material and positioned in contact with the region corresponding to the fabrication area of ​​the object to be stacked.

2. The molding unit molds the laminate at the molding location on the first surface of the plate-shaped object to be laminated, The three-dimensional stacking apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling unit is positioned in contact with a region on the second surface opposite to the first surface of the object to be stacked, corresponding to the area where the fabrication takes place.

3. The molding unit molds the laminate at the molding location on the outer surface of the object to be laminated, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along the axis. The cooling unit is A cooling member, formed of a metal material, is positioned in contact with the region corresponding to the molded area on the inner circumferential surface of the object to be laminated, A fixing member is positioned in contact with the inner circumferential surface on the opposite side of the molded area with respect to the axis, The three-dimensional stacking apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a holding member connected to the cooling member and the fixing member, and which maintains a state in which the cooling member and the fixing member, respectively, are in contact with the inner circumferential surface.

4. The molding unit molds the laminated body in the shape of a wall surrounding a predetermined area of ​​the first surface. The cooling unit is positioned in contact with the area corresponding to the molding location by fastening members inserted into through holes formed in the predetermined area of ​​the object to be laminated, The three-dimensional stacking apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined region is a region that is removed after the stacked body is formed by the molding unit.

5. The molding unit molds the laminate at the molding location on the first surface, which is the outer surface of the object to be laminated, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along the axis. The three-dimensional stacking apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the cooling unit is arranged in contact with the second surface, which is the inner circumferential surface of the object to be stacked.

6. The three-dimensional stacking apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cooling section has a cooling channel for circulating a cooling medium.

7. The cooling unit is A cooling member made of a metal material is positioned in contact with the region corresponding to the molded area of ​​the object to be laminated, A three-dimensional stacking apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising a spraying unit for blowing cooling gas toward the cooling member.

8. The three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cooling unit is arranged in contact with the region of the object to be laminated that corresponds to the molding location via a sheet-like or gel-like heat conductive member.

9. A three-dimensional stacking method for creating a stacked body on an object using a three-dimensional stacking apparatus, The three-dimensional stacking apparatus is A molding unit that melts a laminated material which is a metal material and forms the laminated body at the molding location of the object to be laminated, It comprises a cooling section formed of a metal material and positioned in contact with the region corresponding to the molding area of ​​the object to be layered, A three-dimensional lamination method comprising a molding step of moving the molding unit in the molding direction relative to the object to be laminated and forming the laminate at the molding location.

10. The molding process involves forming the laminate at the molding location on the first surface of the plate-shaped object to be laminated, The three-dimensional stacking method according to claim 9, wherein the cooling unit is positioned in contact with a region on the second surface opposite to the first surface of the object to be stacked, corresponding to the area where the fabrication takes place.

11. The molding process involves forming the laminate at the molding location on the outer surface of the object to be laminated, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along its axis. The cooling unit is A cooling member, formed of a metal material, is positioned in contact with the region corresponding to the molded area on the inner circumferential surface of the object to be laminated, A fixing member is positioned in contact with the inner circumferential surface on the opposite side of the molded area with respect to the axis, The three-dimensional lamination method according to claim 9, further comprising a holding member connected to the cooling member and the fixing member, and maintaining a state in which the cooling member and the fixing member, respectively, are in contact with the inner circumferential surface.

12. The molding process involves forming the laminated body in the shape of a wall surrounding a predetermined area of ​​the first surface. The cooling unit is positioned in contact with the area corresponding to the molding location by fastening members inserted into through holes formed in the predetermined area of ​​the object to be laminated, The three-dimensional lamination method according to claim 10, wherein the molding step comprises a removal step of removing the predetermined region after the lamination step has been formed.

13. The molding process involves forming the laminate at the molding location on the first surface, which is the outer surface of the object to be laminated, which is formed in a cylindrical shape along the axis. The three-dimensional lamination method according to claim 12, wherein the cooling unit is arranged in contact with the second surface, which is the inner circumferential surface of the object to be laminated.

14. The three-dimensional stacking method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the cooling section has a cooling channel for circulating a cooling medium.

15. The cooling unit is A cooling member made of a metal material is positioned in contact with the region corresponding to the molded area of ​​the object to be laminated, A three-dimensional lamination method according to claim 9 or claim 10, further comprising a spraying unit for spraying cooling gas toward the cooling member.

16. The three-dimensional lamination method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the cooling unit is arranged in contact with the region of the object to be laminated that corresponds to the molding location via a sheet-like or gel-like heat conductive member.

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