Wooden building

Abstract

This provides a building that can reduce carbon dioxide emissions compared to buildings that primarily use concrete as a structural material. [Solution] A building constructed of wooden structural materials. Preferably, at least a portion of the roofing or walling material is made of wooden structural materials, and the wooden structural materials constituting the roofing or walling material have an insulating layer between the outer structural material and the inner structural material. Preferably, outside air is taken into the building through openings and the air inside the building is discharged through vents provided in the roof. Preferably, outside air or air inside the building is circulated within the building using fluid passages installed underground. Preferably, at least a portion of the wooden structural materials are soaked in wood vinegar extracted when thinned timber is dried and then dried. Preferably, the wooden structural materials have a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W / m·K or less.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a wooden building.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] In recent years, along with growing awareness of global warming and climate change, technologies for reducing energy consumption required for the construction and use of buildings have attracted attention. Conventionally, buildings using steel frames or concrete as main structural materials have had the problem that a large amount of carbon dioxide is emitted during the manufacturing process of these materials. In addition, even in the usage stage after the building is completed, sufficient thermal insulation performance may not be ensured, and the increased heating and cooling load has been a factor leading to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

[0003] An object of the present invention is to provide a building that can reduce carbon dioxide emissions compared to buildings using concrete as the main structural material.

MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS

[0004] The object of the present invention is achieved by: [1] A building constructed of wooden structural members; [2] The building according to [1], wherein at least a part of the roofing material or wall material is constructed of a wooden structural member, and the wooden structural member constituting the roofing material or wall material has an air layer or a thermal insulation material layer between an outer structural member and an inner structural member; [3] The building according to [1] or [2], configured such that outside air is taken into the building through an opening, and air inside the building is discharged through a vent provided on the roof; [4] The building according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein outside air or air inside the building is circulated into the building using a fluid passage installed underground; [5] The building according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein at least a part of the wooden structural member is immersed in pyroligneous acid extracted during drying of thinned wood and then dried. [6] A building according to any of [1] to [5] above, wherein the wooden structural material has a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W / m·K or less; [7] A building according to any of the above [1] to [6], wherein the wooden structural materials are derived from Japanese cedar, cypress, hinoki cypress and / or Japanese larch; [8] A building according to any one of [1] to [7] above, comprising a sensor for measuring the temperature and / or humidity inside the building, and a control device for controlling an air conditioning system capable of lowering the temperature inside the building or a heating system capable of raising the temperature inside the building, in accordance with the temperature and / or humidity measured by the sensor; [9] A building according to any one of [1] to [8] above, comprising a sensor for measuring the ammonia concentration and / or carbon dioxide concentration inside the building, and a control device for controlling a ventilation system capable of ventilating the air inside the building according to the ammonia concentration and / or carbon dioxide concentration measured by the sensor;

[10] A building that is a livestock barn, as described in any of [1] to [9] above; This can be resolved. [Effects of the Invention]

[0005] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a building that can reduce carbon dioxide emissions compared to a building whose main structural material is concrete. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0006] [Figure 1] This figure shows the configuration of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This figure shows the configuration of a double-layered structural material according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0007] Figure 1 shows the structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. Building 1 is made of wooden structural materials. Wood can absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during its growth process and fix it as carbon.

[0008] Incidentally, cement, the main component of concrete, is manufactured by firing raw materials such as limestone (calcium carbonate) and clay at high temperatures, and then adding gypsum and other materials and crushing them. Therefore, a large amount of energy is consumed in the manufacturing process. Fossil fuels are used to generate this energy, resulting in the emission of a large amount of carbon dioxide.

[0009] Furthermore, wood has a lower specific gravity compared to cement and other materials, which reduces energy consumption during construction and transportation.

[0010] Because wood has excellent moisture-regulating and heat-insulating properties, it has the advantage of being able to reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling in buildings compared to concrete.

[0011] Furthermore, the unique aromatic compounds (phytoncides) present in the wood offer hygienic benefits to Building 1. Phytoncides are volatile compounds released by plants that are expected to have repellent, antibacterial, and deodorizing effects against insects and microorganisms. While not limited to specific compounds, examples of phytoncides include α-pinene, d-limonene, hinokitiol, bornyl acetate, and α-terpineol. For example, hinokitiol, found in cypress and cedar, can suppress the growth of bacteria and mold, thus reducing decay and mold damage. If Building 1 is used as a livestock barn, the effects of phytoncides will reduce the frequency of disinfection work and disinfectant spraying within the barn.

[0012] The use of Building 1 is not particularly limited. Building 1 can be used for a variety of purposes, such as houses, apartment buildings, public facilities like schools and hospitals, commercial facilities, offices, accommodations, warehouses, factories, agricultural facilities, and livestock facilities like barns. In any of these uses, the excellent insulation, humidity control, and antibacterial properties of wood can be utilized.

[0013] For example, when building 1 is used as a livestock barn, phytoncides can be expected to mitigate the odor characteristic of livestock barns, making building 1 suitable for use as a livestock barn. Furthermore, when building 1 is used as a livestock barn, the animals raised in the barn are not particularly limited. The livestock barn may be a cattle barn, a pigsty, or a chicken coop.

[0014] Structural wood materials may be derived from any type of tree, but examples include those derived from Japanese cedar, cypress, Japanese cypress, and / or larch. Japanese cedar is lightweight and easy to work with, has insect-repellent and deodorizing effects due to phytoncides, and also has relatively high thermal insulation properties. Japanese cypress is resistant to decay, insect damage, and mold, has deodorizing and antibacterial effects due to its aromatic components, and easily maintains structural strength while maintaining thermal insulation performance. Japanese cypress has excellent insect-repellent and decay-resistant properties, is resistant to decay, has deodorizing and antibacterial effects due to its aromatic components, and also maintains thermal insulation performance. Larch has high strength and elasticity, is easy to use for columns and beams, and is cost-effective.

[0015] From the viewpoint of thermal insulation, wooden structural materials are preferably made of wood with a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W / m·K or less, and preferably 0.12 W / m·K or less. Examples of wood with a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W / m·K or less include Japanese cedar, cypress, and Japanese cedar.

[0016] It is preferable that at least a portion of the wooden structural material is soaked in wood vinegar extracted during the drying of thinned timber and then dried. Wood vinegar contains a variety of organic components, including acetic acid, phenols, and terpenes, which have insecticidal, antibacterial, and antiseptic effects. In particular, if the wood vinegar contains components similar to hinokitiol or creosote, it is expected to have an inhibitory effect against pests such as termites and wood-boring beetles, as well as decay fungi. For example, cedar, cypress, and hinoki cypress, which have excellent insecticidal, antibacterial, and antiseptic properties, may be treated with wood vinegar to further enhance these properties. Larch, which has excellent strength, can also be treated with wood vinegar to enhance its insecticidal, antibacterial, and antiseptic properties.

[0017] Different types of wood can be used for each of the columns, beams, roof 2, and walls 3 that constitute the building 1. The wood used for the columns is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use cypress or larch, which have excellent strength. The columns are parts that support the vertical load and lateral load of the building 1, and are required to have high durability and strength. Using wood with excellent strength leads to a longer service life of the building 1.

[0018] The wood used for the beams is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use larch. Since beams are required to have bending strength and resistance to deflection, the toughness of larch is suitable.

[0019] The wood used for the roof 2 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use cedar. Cedar has low thermal conductivity and excellent heat insulation properties, so it can reduce the heating and cooling load, leading to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.

[0020] The wood used for the walls 3 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use cedar. The walls 3 are easily affected by the outside air temperature and greatly affect the temperature stability inside the building 1, so the heat insulation performance provided by the large number of voids in cedar is useful.

[0021] Figure 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of a double-layer structural member according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a side view of the plate-shaped structural member. It is preferable that at least a part of the roof material or wall material of the building 1 is a double-layer structural member 11 having an air layer 12 or a heat insulating material layer between an outer structural member 11a and an inner structural member 11b. Figure 2(a) is a diagram having the air layer 12 between the outer structural member 11a and the inner structural member 11b, and Figure 2(b) is a diagram having a heat insulating layer 13 between the outer structural member 11a and the inner structural member 11b.

[0022] Wood-based structural members are used for the outer structural member 11a and the inner structural member 11b, respectively. The same type of wood may be used for the outer structural member 11a and the inner structural member 11b, or different types of wood may be used.

[0023] For example, cedar can be used as the outer structural material 11a, and cypress can be used as the inner structural material 11b. It is preferable to use charred cedar, which is made by burning cedar boards to carbonize the surface. Charred cedar boards gain greater durability against rain, wind, and ultraviolet rays due to the carbonization process. Using charred cedar boards as the outer structural material 11a ensures long-term durability, while using cypress for the inner structural material 11b enhances hygiene.

[0024] For example, cypress can be used as the outer structural material 11a, and cedar can be used as the inner structural material 11b. By using cypress for the outer structural material 11a, the risk of decay from the external environment can be minimized, while using cedar for the inner structural material 11b can improve insulation. This is a more effective combination when building 1 is installed in a forest.

[0025] For example, larch can be used as the outer structural material 11a, and cypress can be used as the inner structural material 11b. By using larch and cypress, which are structural materials with excellent strength, a wall material with excellent strength can be obtained, and by using cypress, which has excellent antibacterial, insect-repellent, and durable properties, as the inner structural material 11b, deterioration in a high-humidity, ammonia environment, for example, when building 1 is used as a livestock barn can be suppressed.

[0026] By providing an air layer 12 between the outer structural material 11a and the inner structural material 11b, the thermal insulation can be improved. However, if convection occurs in the air layer 12, the thermal insulation may decrease. Therefore, by filling the space between the outer structural material 11a and the inner structural material 11b with a filler material to form a thermal insulation layer 13, convection can be prevented and stable thermal insulation can be obtained. By using a filler material, sound insulation and soundproofing can be improved, and internal condensation in the space between the outer structural material 11a and the inner structural material 11b can be prevented.

[0027] The filler material used to fill the insulation layer 13 is not particularly limited, but examples include cellulose fiber, cork, and biomass materials such as rice husks and wheat straw.

[0028] It is preferable that the building 1 is configured to take in outside air through openings 4 and expel the air inside the building 1 through vents 5 provided in the roof 2. Cool outside air is taken into the building 1 through openings 4 formed in the wall 3. The air taken into the building 1 is then guided to the vents 5 in the roof 2 by rising air currents caused by temperature differences and differences in specific gravity of air near the roof 2, and the warmed air inside the building can be expelled from the vents 5 provided in the roof 2. This makes it possible to circulate the air inside the building 1 naturally and maintain the temperature inside the building 1 within an appropriate range, with minimal use of air conditioning equipment.

[0029] Furthermore, it is desirable that the opening 4 for taking in outside air be configured to allow adjustment of the amount of outside air introduced into the building 1 using a movable window or ventilation control device. In winter, it is also possible to reduce the intrusion of cold air and improve heat retention by closing or shrinking the opening 4 and / or the vent 5.

[0030] If building 1 is a livestock barn, ammonia, carbon dioxide, moisture, and odor components tend to accumulate inside due to livestock excretion and respiration. However, by drawing outside air into building 1 through openings 4 and exhausting the air inside building 1 through vents 5 provided in the roof 2, it is possible to suppress increases in ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations and the accumulation of odors inside the livestock barn, thereby preventing deterioration of the environment inside the livestock barn. In addition, it is possible to prevent the humidity inside building 1 from becoming too high, thereby suppressing decay and mold growth inside building 1.

[0031] Building 1 can circulate outside air or air from inside Building 1 through a fluid passage 6 installed underground. Specifically, by placing heat exchange pipes or chambers underground and flowing air through the fluid passage 6, heat exchange can be performed with the temperature of the ground (geothermal heat). Generally, the temperature of the ground does not fluctuate as much throughout the year as the outside temperature, and is often lower than the outside air in summer and higher than the outside air in winter. Therefore, the air that passes through this fluid passage 6 is introduced into the room in a relatively cooled state in summer and relatively warmed state in winter. This reduces the use of heating and cooling equipment. The fluid passage 6 can also recirculate a portion of the air discharged from inside Building 1, in addition to outside air.

[0032] By combining a configuration in which outside air is drawn into the building 1 through openings 4 and the air inside the building 1 is discharged through vents 5 provided in the roof 2, with a configuration in which outside air or air inside the building 1 is circulated within the building 1 using fluid passages 6 installed underground, it becomes possible to introduce cooled air from underground into the building 1 during the summer and discharge the air inside the building 1 through vents 5 provided in the roof 2 by rising airflow, thereby suppressing the rise in temperature inside the building 1 and further reducing the amount of air conditioning used.

[0033] Building 1 may be equipped with an air conditioning system capable of lowering the temperature inside Building 1, and / or a heating system capable of raising the temperature inside Building 1. Compared to a building with concrete as its structural material, Building 1 can reduce the use of air conditioning and heating, but even so, it may be necessary to use an air conditioning or heating system to maintain an appropriate temperature inside Building 1. Note that the air conditioning and heating systems may be configured separately, or they may be equipped with both air conditioning and heating functions, as in the air conditioning and heating system 8.

[0034] Building 1 may be equipped with sensors 7 (temperature sensor 7a, humidity sensor 7b) for measuring the temperature and / or humidity inside Building 1. The control device 9 may control the output level and on / off status of the heating and cooling system 8 according to the temperature and humidity measured by the temperature sensor 7a and humidity sensor 7b. The control device 9 may be installed inside Building 1 or outside Building 1.

[0035] The control device 9 can automatically adjust the operating status of the heating and cooling equipment as needed, such as activating the cooling function when the temperature inside building 1 is higher than a predetermined range, and activating the heating function when the temperature inside building 1 is lower than a predetermined range. In addition, the control device 9 may automatically adjust the operating status of the heating and cooling equipment as needed, such as activating the cooling function when the humidity inside building 1 is lower than a predetermined range, and activating the heating function when the temperature inside building 1 is higher than a predetermined range.

[0036] When the administrator manually adjusts the operating status of the heating and cooling system 8, the system may continue to operate even after the temperature inside Building 1 has been sufficiently cooled or heated, or the administrator may delay starting the system when the temperature is beginning to fall outside the appropriate range, resulting in a large amount of energy being consumed by using the system. Furthermore, manual adjustment by the administrator can be difficult to perform at the appropriate time. Therefore, as described above, controlling the operation of the heating and cooling system 8 with the control device 9 can reduce energy consumption.

[0037] Building 1 may be equipped with sensors 7 (ammonia sensor 7c, carbon dioxide sensor 7d) for measuring the ammonia concentration and / or carbon dioxide concentration inside Building 1. The control device 9 may control the ventilation strength and on / off status of the ventilation device 10, which is capable of ventilating the air inside Building 1, according to the ammonia concentration and carbon dioxide concentration measured by the ammonia sensor 7c and carbon dioxide sensor 7d.

[0038] Control by the control device 9 minimizes the increase in ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations inside building 1. Specifically, the control device 9 acquires the concentrations detected by sensors 7 (ammonia sensor 7c, carbon dioxide sensor 7d) in real time, and if these concentrations exceed a preset threshold, it automatically activates the ventilation system 10 or increases the ventilation rate, thereby replacing the air inside building 1 with fresh outside air.

[0039] When Building 1 is used as a livestock barn, the increase in ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations due to animal waste and respiration significantly impacts the environment inside Building 1. High concentrations of these substances can lead to health problems and poor growth in the animals, as well as decay and mold growth in Building 1. However, these problems can be prevented by using the control device 9 to ventilate at appropriate times.

[0040] Furthermore, compared to when an administrator manually adjusts the ventilation device 10, the automatic control of the ventilation device 10 by the control device 9 makes it less likely for excessive or insufficient ventilation to occur, thus reducing unnecessary energy consumption.

[0041] The sensor 7, the heating and cooling system 8, the control device 9, and / or the ventilation system 10 may be operated using commercial power, but may also be operated using electricity generated by, for example, solar power, wind power, or small-scale hydropower. In this case, solar panels or wind power generation equipment can be installed on the roof 2. By utilizing solar power, wind power, or small-scale hydropower, it is possible to significantly reduce emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.

[0042] The wooden building 1 according to this embodiment (for example, a wooden livestock barn) can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions during construction and use compared to buildings that primarily use concrete as a structural material. This reduction in carbon dioxide emissions also makes it possible to issue carbon credits. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0043] 1. Building 2. Roof 3 walls 4 openings 5. Ventilation holes 6 Fluid passage 7 Sensors 8. Heating and cooling systems 9 Control device 10 Ventilation system 11 Structural materials 12 Air layer 13. Insulation layer

Claims

1. A building constructed with wooden structural materials.

2. The building according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the roofing material or walling material is made of wooden structural material, and the wooden structural material constituting the roofing material or walling material has an air layer or an insulating layer between the outer structural material and the inner structural material.

3. The building according to claim 1, configured to take in outside air through an opening and to expel air from inside the building through a vent provided in the roof.

4. The building according to claim 1, wherein outside air or air inside the building is circulated within the building using fluid passages installed underground.

5. The building according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the wooden structural material is soaked in wood vinegar extracted during the drying of thinned timber and then dried.

6. The building according to claim 1, wherein the wooden structural material has a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W / m·K or less.

7. The building according to claim 1, wherein the wooden structural material is derived from Japanese cedar, cypress, hinoki cypress and / or Japanese larch.

8. A sensor that measures the temperature and / or humidity inside the building, A control device that controls an air conditioning system capable of lowering the temperature inside a building, or a heating system capable of raising the temperature inside a building, according to the temperature and / or humidity measured by the sensor. The building according to claim 1, comprising:

9. A sensor that measures the ammonia and / or carbon dioxide concentration inside a building, A control device that controls a ventilation system capable of ventilating the air inside a building according to the ammonia concentration and / or carbon dioxide concentration measured by the sensor. The building according to claim 1, comprising:

10. A building according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the building is a livestock barn.

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