Disaster prevention area with adaptable structure

Abstract

It completely blocks the influence of the natural ground. [Solution] Construct a disaster prevention area that is unaffected by seismic activity, ground fissures, and liquefaction of the natural ground.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a disaster prevention area.

Background Art

[0002] There is no similar system in the prior art. Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] To enable utilization of incompatible natural ground, which is a remaining issue in disaster prevention areas. Means for Solving the Problems

[0004] Defects in natural ground are corrected by a compliant structure.

Examples

[0005] Due to meteorological changes that are attributed to the warming of the atmosphere and seawater, events that were rare in the past are occurring frequently. These include river flooding and landslides in mountainous areas. Earthquakes also seem to be occurring frequently, and cases where these events act synergistically are also a concern. Japan's national land has been blessed by mountains, rivers and the sea, but in view of the current situation, constructing safe and secure living areas has become an urgent issue. Regarding river flooding, flood control technologies have been accumulated since ancient times, agriculture has developed by utilizing rivers, and lives have been conducted in adaptation to such circumstances. To expand living spaces, it is considered that there is a limit to the conversion of areas established by flood control technologies. On the other hand, in urban areas, high-rise development of living spaces is progressing, but this is not considered a universal solution. A recent general trend is development in mountainous areas, where there is a strong demand to construct safe and secure living areas. The present invention solves certain issues related thereto, and will be described below. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention. Although the figure shows a mountainous area as an example, the invention can also be implemented in flat areas where liquefaction and resonance are a concern due to seismic activity, such as on active faults, sandy areas, and muddy soil. 1 is natural ground, 2 is flat land, 3 is an adaptable structure, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are installation areas on which the facility is placed, 8 is the facility, and 9 is a disaster prevention-related facility. The structures, configurations, and technical elements in the embodiments described below can all be combined and implemented in various ways.

[0006] The structural members constituting the adaptable structure are made of materials such as steel frames and FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic), and it is desirable that they be made of materials that strengthen the structure and have excellent corrosion resistance, or that have been treated or painted to be corrosion-resistant. The adaptable structure is designed to have a shape similar to the cross-sectional shape of the natural ground, such as mountainous areas 1 and plains 2. The shape encloses the mountaintop and extends down the slope from the mountaintop, and extends across plains 2. This shape extending across plains 2 prevents sliding, and there are also examples where anti-sliding piles or resistance walls are installed at arbitrary points on the adaptable structure. The scale of the adaptable structure is arbitrary, and it is assumed that a scale can be designed in an area where landslides are a concern, where the adaptable structure of the present invention can be expected to prevent landslides, taking into account the mountain-shaped cross-section and the topographical relationship with adjacent mountains. There are examples of the adaptable structure being installed on top of the natural ground or embedded in it. In either case, care must be taken to ensure coexistence with vegetation such as trees.

[0007] If the natural ground is flat, it is desirable to design an adaptable structure that is unaffected by ground deformation caused by active faults, taking into consideration the shape of active faults. In addition to active faults, the scale and strength of the adaptable structure are also designed with liquefaction in mind. Furthermore, it is desirable to consider the orientation and properties of geological layers, such as sand and gravel layers, mud layers, and rock layers. In cases such as the installation of a nuclear power plant, the surface on which the facilities and equipment are placed will be multi-layered, and each layer will have different strengths and levels of resistance to radioactivity. In these examples as well, the adaptable structure is designed to conform to the natural ground conditions in question, and is expected to minimize the effects of seismic motion and the resulting deformation caused by active faults.

[0008] Adaptive structures are generally not horizontal because their slope is similar to that of natural ground. The installation area is often horizontal because it is on which various facilities are placed, but it may be sloped depending on the facility. In some cases, a horizontal surface is required for the facility, in which case a mechanism is needed to manage and adjust the slope of the installation area. When the structure slides due to an earthquake or landslide, and as a result the horizontality of the installation area is compromised, it is necessary to level the installation area. Jacks are installed on the installation area that is in contact with the bottom surface of the columns or support parts of the facility, and the height is adjusted, and the installation area is leveled at an appropriate point. The surfaces of the installation parts that come into contact with the base of the facility's columns and support structures are reinforced with steel or other materials. When a gap is created by leveling the structure, a rigid member adapted to the slope is placed in this gap. For this construction, a section (structure) equipped with the aforementioned member is designed at the base of the facility and the structural element, separate from the jack installation location.

[0009] When the sliding of the aforementioned structure is large and the change in inclination is pronounced, it becomes necessary to adjust the inclination of the structure itself. The structure, like the embodiment described above, requires a design with mechanisms and configurations similar to those of the facility, but differs from the facility example in the location of the jacks. Jacks are installed on the surfaces of the columns and support parts of the structure that are in contact with the bottom surface, and the height is adjusted to make the structure level at appropriate locations. The base of the pedestal designed for the piles or foundations (foundations permanently installed in natural ground that are fixed to natural ground and have the strength to support the structure) that come into contact with the bottom surface of the columns or support parts of the structure is reinforced with steel or other materials. When a gap is created by leveling the structure, a rigid member adapted to the slope is placed in this gap. For this construction, a section (structure) for the member to be placed is designed separately from the jack installation location, on the bottom surface of the structure and at the corresponding position on the base of the pile or foundation. Another example involves designing an inlet at a suitable location in the structure and using a high-pressure injector to fill the lowered areas of the structure with sand. This embodiment is suitable for soft ground prone to liquefaction, but the adaptable structure according to the present invention must have a highly airtight design on its sides and top, and the ancillary members must also be constructed to maintain a strong airtightness. It is desirable to design an inwardly curving wall at the lower end of the side to create a structure that is less susceptible to the runoff of fluidized soil. While it depends on the scale of the structure and the fluidity (viscosity) of the natural ground, it is advisable to conduct experiments assuming a depth of 3 to 5 meters for a 50-meter structure to improve accuracy. When the upper surface of a structure loses its horizontal position due to liquefaction caused by seismic activity or erosion over time, measures such as pressurizing and filling the lowered areas of the structure with sand or other materials using a high-pressure injection machine through the injection ports designed on the upper surface or walls are implemented. Extraction from higher areas is also effective. This embodiment makes it possible to utilize unsuitable ground. In addition to correcting the slope of the structure, the slope of the installation part can also be adjusted by operating jacks, rotational mechanisms, or telescopic mechanisms as described in this specification. In some cases, a grid-like wall is designed inside a structure to restrict the fluidity of the soil within the structure. The thickness and length of the wall are determined by considering the strength of the grid wall, which depends on the fluidity (viscosity) of the natural ground and the depth of the soil. The shape is also related to the direction of the geological layers, and any shape suitable for the ground is acceptable, and it does not have to be a grid shape; it is arbitrary. While grid or circular shapes are acceptable, an injection port is designed on the upper wall of each section (square or circle), and sand or other materials are injected or extracted under high pressure into each section to correct the slope of the structure.

[0010] Adaptive structures can be broadly classified into structural members and ancillary members, including rotating members with rotational functions or capabilities, and expandable members with expansion and contraction functions or structures. This section describes an example of a rotating member attached to the intersection point where a vertical structural member and a horizontal structural member meet. Even on flat ground, as well as on mountain slopes, the horizontal level of the installation area where a facility is installed may be lost due to natural ground deformation caused by seismic activity, and countermeasures are required to address this. Preferably, the horizontality of the installation section is managed automatically by AI or the like, instead of by human monitoring, and the system is equipped with means and equipment to control the rotation member from the AI ​​when the horizontality of the installation section is lost for any reason, and is equipped with means to operate the drive device and rotation mechanism of the adaptive structure, and is equipped with means to operate so that the horizontality is confirmed by an AI detector. AI-driven operation is best implemented after the cause of the earthquake or other tremors has subsided. Rotation mechanisms alone can be under heavy load, so it is desirable to have a device that works in conjunction with them. This section describes a telescopic mechanism with expandable and contractible structures and performance. Rotation and extension mechanisms can be attached to both the adaptable structure and the mounting section, but they are generally attached to the columns or support sections of the adaptable structure. The extension mechanism is installed on the support section of the adaptable structure, but as one example, it is desirable that the relationship between the extension mechanism and the base on which it is installed is movable rather than fixed. One example is a configuration in which the bottom surface of the extension mechanism slides on the base using ball bearings or the like. Expansion mechanisms are installed at appropriate locations in the adaptable structure, and their quantity and size are correlated. Their size and quantity are determined by considering factors such as slopes, active faults, and liquefaction.

[0011] This section explains the mechanism for correcting displacement. For displacement of adaptable structures caused by seismic activity, landslides, liquefaction, etc., an acceptable range is set and a correction mechanism is designed accordingly. The range of displacement assumed by the correction mechanism depends on the shape of the natural ground. Displacement that does not cause deformation of the adaptable structure is, in principle, assumed to be within the acceptable range. Examples of ground deformation can be assumed based on the natural appearance of the ground, or they can be caused by underlying factors such as active faults or liquefaction. It is desirable to extend the allowable range to the maximum extent possible. The strength of members involved in the adaptable structure, the strength due to the composition and structure, the structural strength of the rotational and expansion mechanisms, and the sliding range of the expansion mechanism are designed to conform to the aforementioned maximum range.

[0012] Assuming the structure moves irregularly in all directions (forward, backward, left, and right) within the aforementioned maximum range, it is desirable to provide a mechanism to mitigate the oscillation of the structure and a mechanism to correct it to its original position. Mechanisms to return the positional displacement to an acceptable range include the use of dampers, and there are examples of installing a base for the damper at an appropriate location in the natural ground. It is desirable that the dampers be positioned so that any misalignment of the structure is corrected when the oscillation of the structure is brought under control by the installed dampers. The dampers are attached to the support parts of the structure or to the structure itself.

[0013] The aforementioned installation section consists of an installation surface on which the facility is placed and a support section that supports the installation surface. The support section is made of structural members, but the installation surface is an ancillary member and varies depending on the embodiment; its presence or absence, material, shape, etc., are diverse and arbitrary. There are two examples: Example 1, in which the slope of the installation section changes due to extrinsic deformation caused by seismic motion or landslides, and Example 2, in which the slope of the installation section changes due to intrinsic deformation caused by changes in the natural ground and structure. The countermeasures for Example 1 and Example 2 are different. Example 1 requires a comprehensive countermeasure, while Example 2 requires a localized countermeasure. In Example 1, the response will differ depending on the subsequent prediction of external factors and the scale of the deformation. In some cases, structural modifications are required, while in others, adjustments to the slope of the mounting surface may suffice. Even when the scale of deformation is large, temporary measures such as adjusting the slope of the mounting surface may be taken while frequent aftershocks are predicted. Large-scale landslides are classified as extrinsic deformation, but require immediate action. In Example 1, adjustment of the slope and correction of positional misalignment by the structure itself are required. The structure is structurally reinforced with materials such as steel frames and fiber-reinforced plastics, and is placed on top of or buried in the natural ground. Most structures are formed in a grid pattern using vertical and horizontal structural members. While they are designed to conform to the shape of the natural ground, the design is arbitrary as long as it increases strength. Depending on the scale of the structure, the shape of the natural ground, and the expected erosion, support sections, bases, height adjusters, and dampers are designed at appropriate points in the structure to adjust the height and correct any displacement.

[0014] A base is constructed for placing height adjustment devices such as jacks, a support section on which the structure will be subjected to force, and a clamping section that stabilizes the structure by sandwiching members in place after adjustment. The base is set in a foundation designed for natural ground. The foundation has sufficient size and strength, and the lower part on which the members of the clamping section are placed is also designed in the foundation. As one example, the aforementioned foundation is constructed on the floor of a passageway that has space to ensure the movement of workers and a partition wall to prevent soil and sand from flowing in, and is also structurally sound. It is desirable that the aforementioned passages be provided for all of the structural members. It is desirable that all structural members be designed with an upper section for placing the support or clamping member. In addition to jacks, a broad range of expandable members may be used, and whether they are manual or automatic, and whether they are hydraulic or mechanical, is also optional. Whether it is permanently installed or set up as needed, and whether the correction of the slope is maintained by the clamping part, are all at the discretion of the user. The same applies to the adjustment of the slope of the installation part.

[0015] This section explains how to adjust the slope of the installation area. It is similar to correcting the slope of a structure, but differs in that the foundation is a structural material, there is no equivalent to a walkway, aftershock prediction is not required, and real-time adjustment to the horizontal position is necessary. The support structure is designed on the bottom of the facility, and the base and clamping parts are designed similarly. For adjusting the inclination of the installation part, it is desirable that AI is introduced to monitor the levelness and constantly perform adjustment to maintain the horizontal state, that the expansion-contraction mechanism and the rotation mechanism are operated by AI, and the adjustment is maintained without the interposition of the clamping part. There is also an embodiment in which a worker places a member on the clamping part when the situation becomes stable. Apart from the adjustment of the inclination of the installation part, there is also an embodiment for adjusting the inclination of the facility placed on the installation part. A structure 3 having a support part is provided on the bottom surface of the facility, and an expansion-contraction mechanism such as a jack for adjusting the height is provided at any appropriate position according to the scale of the structure 3, and preferably a device that monitors the inclination by AI and operates the expansion-contraction mechanism to maintain the levelness is provided.

[0016] One embodiment will be described. The size, design, and number of floors of the installation part constructed on the adaptive structure are diverse, and may be one or multiple. Below the installation part are a structure 2 and a structure 3 having a support part on the bottom surface of the facility. The adaptive structure, the structure 2, and the structure 3 are provided with structures, members, mechanisms for correcting and adjusting inclination and correcting positional deviation, and an AI-based levelness maintenance system. It is desirable that the height adjustment mechanisms included in the structure 2 and the structure 3 are configured to be slidable in the lateral direction by sliding members to cope with seismic motion, and further function to smooth the level adjustment and positional deviation correction operations. Ball bearings are commonly used as the sliding members, which slide on a dish-shaped receiving part. There is also an example in which the adaptive structure and the structure 2 are fixed by a rotation mechanism, but this is only one example. This is applied to an example where the horizontal structural members of the adaptive structure maintain levelness. In the example where the adaptive structure is laid on flat ground, it is desirable that the adaptive structure and the structure 2 are not fixed but are slidable or laterally movable, and the structure 2 is adjusted to be horizontal by an expansion-contraction mechanism such as a jack.

[0017] This embodiment is also applicable to the relationship between the structure 3 and the structure 2. The structure 3 is not fixed to the installation portion and the structure 2 and is capable of sliding or laterally moving, and it is desirable that the structure 3 be adjusted to be horizontal by an expansion mechanism such as a jack. The sliding mechanisms provided in the structure 2 and the structure 3 can be expected to achieve a seismic isolation effect against the seismic motion of the facility. There is also an embodiment in which the facility is lightened, the installation portions A and B are designed, and the effect of the sliding mechanism provided in the installation portions A and B is utilized.

[0018] Different from the prior art, the present invention is fundamentally different from the concept of fixing a building to piles. It is premised on the deformation of natural ground. It accepts unavoidable ground deformations related to seismic motion, liquefaction, active faults, landslides, etc., adapts to them, and takes passivity and mobility as essential elements as the basis of the design concept. The sliding mechanisms provided in the structure 2 and the structure 3 are designed to slide inside the dish-shaped base without fixing the structures, and it is not assumed that the shaft of the support portion returns to the center of the dish portion. It is configured and designed to avoid inconvenience based on the concept of anticipating that the structure will tilt due to ground deformation and accepting that there is behavior adapted to such tilting. According to such a design concept, a flat circular or square shape may be used instead of a dish with a depressed center. According to the concept of the present invention, it is also desirable to use an oblong (elliptical) shape to guide the sliding to achieve a desired movement within the range of the base. If the effect of the present invention is to be maximized, a recessed dish will impose an extra load on the sliding mechanism. Therefore, it is desirable that the base is flat, does not restrict the movement of the installation portion, and is provided with a restraining resistance member such as an elastic member. The present invention is fundamentally based on the concept of accepting all deformations of natural ground to realize a permanent living area, and thus excludes artificial intentions and concepts.

[0019] The adaptive structure has the function of attaching and operating a facility for storing articles, equipment, devices and the like such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, food, communication facilities, power supplies, water and sewage systems, gas, shelters, and security devices. The structure is surrounded by a wildlife fence with a double gate. The outer gate is closed, and the inner gate is opened only after confirming that no dangerous elements (such as third parties or animals) have entered. This confirmation is performed by analyzing camera images using AI. The storage facility is located on the north slope. In addition to communication infrastructure, it is equipped with transportation infrastructure and a system that links disaster prevention areas located in the target area with urban areas, hospitals, commercial areas, entertainment facilities, and public facilities. Multiple disaster prevention areas are coordinated by autonomous shuttle buses and ride-sharing vehicles, providing 24 / 7 service. Effects of the invention

[0020] Due to changes in weather patterns, river flooding caused by linear rainbands and landslides resulting from weakened ground are becoming more frequent, creating a strong need to construct safe and secure residential areas. Addressing liquefaction and active faults is also a challenge. This invention provides disaster prevention areas that also take seismic activity into consideration. This invention provides permanent residential spaces that take into account the characteristics of Japan's land. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0021] [Figure 1] Examples of the present invention [Explanation of Symbols]

[0022] 1 Natural ground 2 flat land 3. Adaptable Structures 4 Installation part 5 Installation part 6 Installation part 7 Installation part 8 facilities 9. Disaster Prevention Facilities

Claims

1. A disaster prevention area characterized by a technology for preventing disasters caused by floods, landslides, and earthquakes, comprising an adaptable structure permanently placed on natural ground, the structure having a reinforced structure capable of withstanding the loads of facilities and equipment placed on it, the structure having adaptability to adapt to the shape of the natural ground, the contact portion between the aforementioned structure and the natural ground having adaptable materials, composition, structure, and function, and a base of an adaptable structure having a shape and function to prevent deformation due to external forces such as seismic motion.

2. A disaster prevention area according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a mechanism for adjusting the slope of the installation section on which the facility is placed, correcting the slope of the structure, correcting positional misalignment, and so on.

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