Solar cell module and method for manufacturing a solar cell module

Abstract

The present invention provides a solar cell module and a method for manufacturing a solar cell module that can suppress an increase in electrical resistance while protecting the transparent conductive film. [Solution] The solar cell module 100 comprises a solar cell 10 having a conductive transparent conductive layer 2 disposed on a substrate 1, a perovskite solar cell element 3 disposed on the transparent conductive layer 2, a main body 41 disposed on the perovskite solar cell element 3, and an electrode 4 having a connecting portion 42 that connects the main body 41 and the transparent conductive layer 2. The transparent conductive layer 2 has a conductive film 21 disposed on the substrate 1 and a protective film 22 disposed on the conductive film 21 and having lower conductivity than the conductive film 21, and at least a part of the conductive film 22 is connected to the connecting portion 42.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a solar cell module and a method for manufacturing the solar cell module.

Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells, which convert light energy from the sun into electrical energy, have attracted attention due to their high energy conversion efficiency, light weight, and other advantages compared to other solar cell modules.

[0003] A transparent conductive film formed on a transparent substrate is used for the electrode of a perovskite solar cell. The transparent conductive film is required to have high conductivity and high optical transmittance in order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. Accordingly, conventionally, indium tin oxide (ITO), which has a low electrical resistance value, excellent transparency, and is easy to etch, has been used as the transparent conductive film (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0004] A perovskite solar cell has a layer made of a metal oxide such as titanium oxide as an electron transport layer. The electron transport layer is formed on the transparent conductive film and then fired at about 500°C. When ITO and titanium oxide come into contact at such a high temperature, the structure and electrical properties of ITO change, which may damage the interface between the transparent conductive film and the electron transport layer.

[0005] Accordingly, in order to protect the transparent conductive film, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of providing an oxidation-resistant protective film between the transparent conductive film and the electron transport layer. The oxidation-resistant protective film is made of a conductive material containing tin oxide, and prevents oxidation of the transparent conductive film.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

Summary of Invention

[0007] The transparent conductive film described in Patent Document 1 is connected to the counter electrode via an oxidation-resistant protective film. Since the oxidation-resistant protective film has lower conductivity compared to the transparent conductive film, current does not flow easily through the transparent conductive film compared to when the counter electrode and the transparent conductive film are directly connected, which leads to problems such as an increase in the overall resistance of the perovskite solar cell.

[0008] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its objective is to provide a solar cell module and a method for manufacturing a solar cell module that can suppress an increase in electrical resistance while protecting a transparent conductive film. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The characteristic configuration of the solar cell module according to the present invention is a solar cell comprising a conductive transparent conductive layer disposed on a substrate, a perovskite solar cell element disposed on the transparent conductive layer, a main body disposed on the perovskite solar cell element, and an electrode having a connecting portion that connects the main body and the transparent conductive layer, wherein the transparent conductive layer comprises a conductive film disposed on the substrate and a protective film disposed on the conductive film and having lower conductivity than the conductive film, and at least a part of the conductive film is connected to the connecting portion.

[0010] According to this configuration, the conductive film is protected by a protective film placed on the conductive film, and by directly connecting at least a portion of the conductive film to the electrode connection, the conductivity between the transparent conductive layer and the electrode can be improved compared to the case where the conductive film and the electrode are connected via a protective film. This suppresses the increase in electrical resistance of the solar cell module caused by the presence of a protective film and improves energy conversion efficiency.

[0011] Furthermore, a characteristic configuration of the method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a solar cell module comprising: a transparent conductive layer disposed on a substrate; a perovskite solar cell element disposed on the transparent conductive layer; a main body disposed on the perovskite solar cell element; and an electrode having a connecting portion that connects the main body and the transparent conductive layer, wherein the transparent conductive layer comprises a conductive film disposed on the substrate and a protective film disposed on the conductive film and having lower conductivity than the conductive film, and the method includes the steps of forming a perovskite solar cell element layer on the transparent conductive layer, removing a part of the perovskite solar cell element layer and at least a part of the protective film located below the part by laser scribing to form a groove in which at least a part of the conductive film is exposed, and forming the connecting portion on the groove.

[0012] In this configuration, a groove is formed by removing a portion of the protective film formed directly above the conductive film and the perovskite solar cell element using laser scribing, exposing at least a portion of the conductive film. By forming an electrode connection portion on this groove, at least a portion of the conductive film and the connection portion can be directly connected. This improves the conductivity between the transparent conductive layer and the electrode, thereby increasing the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell module. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0013] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a solar cell module. [Figure 2] This is a schematic plan view of a solar cell module. [Figure 3] This diagram shows the first step in the manufacturing method of a solar cell module. [Figure 4] This figure shows the second step in the manufacturing method of a solar cell module. [Figure 5] This diagram shows the third step in the manufacturing process of a solar cell module. [Figure 6] This diagram shows the fourth step in the manufacturing method of a solar cell module. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0014] Embodiments of the solar cell module 100 according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described below, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0015] [Outline configuration of a solar cell module] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the solar cell module 100 has a plurality (three in this embodiment) of solar cells 10 arranged in parallel. Each solar cell 10 is electrically connected in series by a transparent conductive layer 2 and electrodes 4. The solar cell 10 is made up of a substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a perovskite solar cell element 3, and electrodes 4 stacked in this order.

[0016] 〔substrate〕 Substrate 1 functions as a support for the perovskite solar cell element 3 and electrode 4. Substrate 1 is a transparent glass substrate, a translucent glass substrate, a transparent resin substrate, etc., and has insulating properties. When viewed along the Z direction, substrate 1 is rectangular in shape.

[0017] As shown in Figure 1, a conductive transparent conductive layer 2 is laminated on the Z1 side of the substrate 1. The orientation of the solar cell module 100 during use is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use it so that light is incident from the Z2 side of the substrate 1. Hereinafter, the direction from the substrate 1 toward the transparent conductive layer 2 will be referred to as the "Z1 direction," the opposite direction as the "Z2 direction," and the Z1 and Z2 directions together as the "Z direction." In addition, one of the directions perpendicular to the Z direction will be referred to as the "X direction," and the directions perpendicular to the Z and X directions will be referred to as the "Y direction" (see Figure 2). In the following explanation, the right side of the paper in Figures 1 and 2 will be referred to as the "X1 direction," and the left side as the "X2 direction." Figure 2 is a view of the solar cell module 100 shown in Figure 1, looking toward the Z2 direction.

[0018] [Conductive layer] The transparent conductive layer 2 includes a conductive film 21 disposed on the substrate 1, and a protective film 22 disposed on the conductive film 21. That is, the transparent conductive layer 2 according to the present embodiment is a layer with a two-layer structure.

[0019] The conductive film 21 is a film having conductivity and light transmittance, and contains, for example, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), tin oxide (TO), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and the like as materials. The thickness of the conductive film 21 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 400 nm or less from the viewpoint of reducing the light transmittance in the visible region, and is preferably 100 nm or more from the viewpoint of reducing the resistance value. The surface resistivity of the conductive film 21 is 1.0×10 2 Ω / sq or less, more preferably 1.0×10 Ω / sq or less, and further preferably 5 Ω / sq or less. The surface resistivity is measured, for example, using a resistivity meter under the condition of an applied voltage of 1 V. In addition, the light transmittance of the conductive film 21 in the visible region is preferably 80% or more.

[0020] On the surface of the conductive film 21 on the Z1 side, a protective film 22 that protects the conductive film 21 is disposed. The protective film 22 is a film having conductivity, light transmittance, and gas barrier properties, and contains, for example, tin oxide, or tin oxide to which at least one of niobium, tantalum, and antimony is added as a material. From the viewpoint of enhancing the gas barrier properties, the protective film 22 preferably contains antimony-added tin oxide (ATO) as a material. Since the conductive film 21 is covered with the protective film 22, the contact between the conductive film 21 and the electron transport layer 31 described later is suppressed, and the oxidation of the conductive film 21 is suppressed.

[0021] The thickness of the protective film 22 is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of reducing light transmittance in the visible region, it is preferable to have a thickness of 400 nm or less, and from the viewpoint of improving the oxidation resistance of the conductive film 21, it is preferable to have a thickness of 100 nm or more. The protective film 22 is a layer with lower conductivity than the conductive film 21. The surface resistivity of the protective film 22 is preferable to be greater than the surface resistivity of the conductive film 21, and is preferable to be greater than 5 × 10 Ω / □. In addition, the light transmittance of the protective film 22 in the visible region is preferable to be 80% or more. Furthermore, the overall surface resistivity of the transparent conductive layer 2 consisting of the conductive film 21 and the protective film 22 is preferable to be 1.0 × 10 Ω / □ or less.

[0022] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the solar cell module 100 has a first groove G1 formed by removing a portion of the conductive film 21 and protective film 22 on the substrate 1. The first groove G1 extends in the Y direction, and the solar cell module 100 according to this embodiment has three first grooves G1. The transparent conductive layer 2 also has a second groove G2 (an example of a groove) formed by removing a portion of the protective film 22. The second groove G2 also extends in the Y direction, similar to the first groove G1, and the solar cell module 100 according to this embodiment has three second grooves G2. The first grooves G1 and the second grooves G2 do not overlap in the Z direction.

[0023] The Z-direction dimension of the protective film 22 in the second groove G2 is preferably smaller than the Z-direction dimension of the protective film 22, and in at least a portion of the second groove G2, the dimension of the protective film 22 is approximately zero. That is, in at least a portion of the second groove G2, the conductive film 21 is not covered by the protective film 22. The Z-direction dimension of the protective film 22 in the second groove G2 may differ in the Y-direction.

[0024] [Perovskite solar cell element] Multiple (three in this embodiment) perovskite solar cell elements 3 are arranged (stacked) in parallel along the X direction on the transparent conductive layer 2 (the Z1 side). The solar cell module 100 has a third groove G3 between each perovskite solar cell element 3 that divides them in the X direction. The perovskite solar cell elements 3 convert light energy into electrical energy. The perovskite solar cell elements 3 have an electron transport layer 31, a photoelectric conversion layer 32, and a hole transport layer 33, and the electron transport layer 31, photoelectric conversion layer 32, and hole transport layer 33 are arranged in this order along the Z1 direction. When viewed along the Z direction, each of the electron transport layer 31, photoelectric conversion layer 32, and hole transport layer 33 is rectangular, and in this embodiment, when viewed along the Z direction, the size (area) of each of the electron transport layer 31, photoelectric conversion layer 32, and hole transport layer 33 is equal. Furthermore, in each solar cell 10, the perovskite solar cell element 3 is divided in the X direction along the second groove G2 in a plan view.

[0025] The electron transport layer 31 is located on the Z1 side of the transparent conductive layer 2. The electron transport layer 31 allows electrons received from the photoelectric conversion layer 32 (described later) to pass through (transports electrons). The electron transport layer 31 is a dense layer containing, for example, a metal oxide such as titanium oxide, tin oxide, or zinc oxide as a material. In this embodiment, the electron transport layer 31 includes a plurality (three in this embodiment) of insulating layers 311 extending into the first groove G1. The insulating layers 311 are formed by a part of the electron transport layer 31 extending into the transparent conductive layer 2, dividing the transparent conductive layer 2, which is in contact with each perovskite solar cell element 3, into two sections in the X direction. In the electron transport layer 31, electrons can move in the direction along the Z direction, but it is difficult for them to move in the direction perpendicular to the Z direction (X direction), thus restricting movement between the two sections of the transparent conductive layer 2 corresponding to each perovskite solar cell element 3. The electron transport layer 31 is sometimes also referred to as the "blocking layer."

[0026] Since the substrate 1, the transparent conductive layer 2, and the electron transport layer 31 are light-transmitting, light such as sunlight and indoor light is guided to the photoelectric conversion layer 32 without being absorbed (or not absorbed) by the substrate 1, the transparent conductive layer 2, and the electron transport layer 31.

[0027] The photoelectric conversion layer 32 absorbs light energy and converts it into electrical energy. More specifically, the photoelectric conversion layer 32 absorbs light and performs photoelectric conversion by moving excited electrons and holes. The photoelectric conversion layer 32 includes a perovskite layer composed of a perovskite compound. Furthermore, the photoelectric conversion layer 32 includes a porous oxide semiconductor layer (for example, a porous titanium layer) formed on the electron transport layer 31.

[0028] The hole transport layer 33 is through which holes received from the photoelectric conversion layer 32 pass (transports holes). The hole transport layer 33 contains, for example, an organic compound such as Spiro-MeOTAD as its material. Electrodes 4 are placed on the hole transport layer 33 (on the Z1 side).

[0029] 〔electrode〕 Electrode 4 is conductive, functions as a positive electrode, and electrically connects each solar cell 10. As shown in Figure 1, electrode 4 has a main body 41 laminated on the Z1 side surface of the hole transport layer 33, and a connecting portion 42 that connects the main body 41 to the transparent conductive layer 2. As shown in Figure 2, when viewed along the Z2 direction, the area of ​​the main body 41 of electrode 4 is approximately the same as the area of ​​the perovskite solar cell element 3. The connecting portion 42 is formed in the second groove G2 and is in contact with the X1 side surface and the X2 side surface of the perovskite solar cell element 3 in the second groove G2. In addition, the connecting portion 42 is connected to at least a part of the Z1 side surface of the conductive film 21 and the Z1 side surface of the protective film 22. In other words, the conductive film 21 that is not covered by the protective film 22 in the second groove G2 is covered by the connecting portion 42. That is, the conductive film 21 is not exposed in the second groove G2.

[0030] Electrode 4 may be a carbon electrode containing materials such as graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon fibers, graphene, or fullerene, or it may be a conductive metal oxide containing materials such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), tin oxide (TO), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO). When electrode 4 is a metal oxide, the light transmittance of electrode 4 can be increased, making the entire solar cell module 100 transparent.

[0031] A laminate consisting of a single perovskite solar cell element 3 and an electrode 4 stacked on a transparent conductive layer 2 of a substrate 1 is referred to as a solar cell 10. A solar cell module 100 is formed by electrically connecting multiple solar cells 10.

[0032] Light, such as sunlight, enters the solar cell module 100 from the Z2 side of the substrate 1. The light reaches the photoelectric conversion layer 32 via the substrate 1, the transparent conductive layer 2, and the electron transport layer 31. The photoelectric conversion layer 32 absorbs the light, resulting in the generation of electrons and holes. Electrons generated in the photoelectric conversion layer 32 move to the transparent conductive layer 2 (negative electrode) via the electron transport layer 31. Simultaneously, holes generated in the photoelectric conversion layer 32 move to the electrode 4 (positive electrode), which is electrically connected to the hole transport layer 33. When a load (not shown) is connected between the transparent conductive layer 2 and the electrode 4, the holes combine with electrons that have passed through the load. As a result, electricity is generated. While electrons moving through the electron transport layer 31 move smoothly along the Z2 direction to reach the transparent conductive layer 2, as described above, their movement in the direction perpendicular to the Z direction is restricted by the insulating layer 311. In other words, the solar cell module 100 is configured to prevent short circuits.

[0033] In this embodiment, at least a portion of the connection portion 42 of the electrode 4 is directly connected to the conductive film 21. Therefore, compared to the case where the conductive film 21 and the connection portion 42 are connected via a protective film 22 which has lower conductivity than the conductive film 21, the resistance of the transparent conductive layer 2 can be reduced, increasing the conductivity of each solar cell 10, and improving the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 100. Since conductivity can be increased as the contact area between the connection portion 42 and the conductive film 21 increases, it is preferable that the Z2 side surface of the connection portion 42 of the electrode 4 is connected to the Z1 side surface of the conductive film 21 in all areas of the second groove G2. Furthermore, the effect of improving conductivity increases as the number of solar cells 10 connected in series increases.

[0034] [Method of manufacturing solar cell modules] Next, the manufacturing method of the solar cell module 100 will be described with reference to Figures 3 to 6. The manufacturing method of the solar cell module 100 in this embodiment includes the steps of: forming a perovskite solar cell element layer 30 on a transparent conductive layer 2 having a conductive film 21 and a protective film 22 (first step); forming a second groove G2 by removing at least a part of the perovskite solar cell element layer 30 and the protective film 22 (second step); forming an electrode layer 40 (third step); and forming a third groove G3 (fourth step).

[0035] First, a first step is performed to form a perovskite solar cell element 3 on the transparent conductive layer 2. The conductive film 21 of the transparent conductive layer 2 may be formed on the substrate 1 by, for example, CVD (chemical vapor deposition) or PVD (physical vapor deposition) such as sputtering. Similarly, the protective film 22 may be formed on the conductive film 21 by CDV or PVD.

[0036] In the first step, as shown in Figure 3, the conductive film 21 and protective film 22 are partially removed by laser scribing (P1 scribing) to form first grooves G1 that divide the transparent conductive layer 2 in the X direction. In this embodiment, three first grooves G1 are formed. Subsequently, a perovskite solar cell element layer 30 is formed on the substrate 1 on which the transparent conductive layer 2 is formed. In forming the perovskite solar cell element layer 30, first, an electron transport layer 31 is formed by the ALD method (atomic layer deposition) or the SPD method (spray pyrolysis). The electron transport layer 31 is preferably formed as a TiO2 dense layer. An insulating layer 311 is formed in the first grooves G1 by a portion of the electron transport layer 31. Next, a porous layer, which is a nanoparticle sintered layer, is formed on this dense layer. The porous layer is preferably formed as a TiO2 porous layer (m-TiO2). This porous layer is obtained by applying a diluted solution of nanoparticle paste by spin coating, drying it, and then sintering it. Next, for example, a PbI2 N,N-dimethylformamide solution is dropped onto the porous layer and allowed to penetrate into the interior of the porous layer to form a PbI2 layer. A photoelectric conversion layer 32 is then formed on the electron transport layer 31 by the MAI immersion method, and then a hole transport layer 33 is formed on the photoelectric conversion layer 32.

[0037] Next, the second step is performed to form a second groove G2 that divides at least a portion of the protective film 22 in the X direction, as shown in Figure 4 (P2 scribe). In this embodiment, three second grooves G2 are formed. In the second step, a portion of the perovskite solar cell element layer 30 and at least a portion of the protective film 22 located below that portion (Z2 side) are removed by laser scribing to form a second groove G2 in which at least a portion of the conductive film 21 is exposed. At this time, the removal dimension of the protective film 22 in the Z direction in the second groove G2 can be adjusted by controlling the laser output. With the formation of the second groove G2, the perovskite solar cell element layer 30 is also divided in the X direction along the second groove G2, and a plurality of perovskite solar cell elements 3 are formed. The second groove G2 is formed so as not to overlap with the first groove G1 when viewed in the Z2 direction. The dimension of the second groove G2 in the X direction can be any value.

[0038] Next, as shown in Figure 5, a third step is performed to form an electrode layer 40 corresponding to electrode 4. The method for forming the electrode layer 40 is not particularly limited, and any method can be used. The electrode layer 40 is formed, for example, by preparing a solution in which carbon particles and binder resin are dispersed in a solvent, and then dropping or coating the solution onto a substrate 1 on which a perovskite solar cell element 3 or the like is formed and drying it.

[0039] In the third step, an electrode layer 40 is formed not only on the Z1 side surface of the perovskite solar cell element 3, but also in the second groove G2 and in the space between the perovskite solar cell elements 3, 3 separated along the second groove G2. The electrode layer 40 formed on the Z1 side surface of the perovskite solar cell element 3 corresponds to the main body portion 41 of the electrode 4, and the electrode layer 40 formed in the second groove G2 and the space between the perovskite solar cell elements 3, 3 corresponds to the connection portion 42 of the electrode 4. Therefore, the third step includes a step of forming the connection portion 42 on the second groove G2. As described above, since the conductive film 21 is exposed in at least a part of the second groove G2, at least a part of the connection portion 42 formed in the second groove G2 is connected to the conductive film 21.

[0040] Next, the fourth step is performed to form a third groove G3 that divides the electrode layer 40 in the X direction, as shown in Figure 6 (P3 scribe). In this embodiment, two third grooves G3 are formed. In the fourth step, a portion of the perovskite solar cell element 3 on the transparent conductive layer 2 and the electrode layer 40 formed above that portion (on the Z1 side) are partially removed by mechanical scribe to form the third grooves G3. The electrode layer 40 is divided in the X direction by the third grooves G3, and a plurality of solar cells 10 are formed. The third grooves G3 are formed between the second groove G2 of a solar cell 10 and the first groove G1 of an adjacent solar cell 10 in the X1 direction.

[0041] The solar cell module 100 is manufactured through the above process. In this embodiment, the solar cell module 100 has high conductivity because the connection portion 42 of the electrode 4 is directly connected to at least a part of the conductive film 21. Furthermore, in the second step, at least a part of the protective film 22 can be removed by adjusting the laser output to form the second groove G2, so a highly conductive solar cell module 100 can be manufactured using existing equipment without significantly changing the manufacturing method. The manufactured solar cell module 100 may be sealed with a sealing material having gas barrier properties or weather resistance.

[0042] [Another embodiment] (a) In the above embodiment, when each solar cell 10 is viewed along the X1 direction, a perovskite solar cell element 3 is formed between the second groove G2 and the third groove G3, and the main body 41 of the electrode 4 is formed on the Z1 side surface of the perovskite solar cell element 3. However, these do not need to be formed between the second groove G2 and the third groove G3. In this case, the second groove G2 and the third groove G3 are in communication in the X direction. The third groove G3 according to this embodiment may be formed in the fourth step by removing the perovskite solar cell element 3 and electrode layer 40 that are in contact with the X1 side surface of the connection portion 42.

[0043] (b) In the above embodiment, the connection portion 42 is formed over the entire area of ​​the second groove G2, but the connection portion 42 may be formed over only a part of the second groove G2. For example, after the third step, the portion of the electrode layer 40 formed in the space between the second groove G2 and the perovskite solar cell elements 3, 3 that is in contact with the second groove G2 and the perovskite solar cell elements 3 on the X1 side may be removed by mechanical scribe.

[0044] (c) In the above embodiment, it is stated that at least a portion of the conductive film 21 and the connection portion 42 of the electrode 4 are connected in the second groove G2, but the configuration is not limited to this as long as at least a portion of the conductive film 21 and the connection portion 42 are connected. For example, the conductive film 21 may be formed in the second groove G2, and the Z1 side surface of the conductive film 21 and the Z2 side surface of the connection portion 42 may be connected. The conductive film 21 formed in the second groove G2 may be formed after laser scribing the transparent conductive layer 2 after P1 scribing, and after masking the area other than the second groove G2. After that, the perovskite solar cell element layer 30 may be formed on the substrate 1, the perovskite solar cell element layer 30 located above the second groove G2 may be removed, and the third and fourth steps may be performed.

[0045] The configurations disclosed in the above embodiments (including other embodiments, the same applies hereinafter) can be applied in combination with configurations disclosed in other embodiments, as long as no inconsistencies arise. Furthermore, the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

[0046] In the embodiment described above, the following configuration can be envisioned. (1) A solar cell module 100 comprising a solar cell 10 having a conductive transparent conductive layer 2 disposed on a substrate 1, a perovskite solar cell element 3 disposed on the transparent conductive layer 2, a main body 41 disposed on the perovskite solar cell element 3, and an electrode 4 having a connecting portion 42 that connects the main body 41 and the transparent conductive layer 2, wherein the transparent conductive layer 2 has a conductive film 21 disposed on the substrate 1 and a protective film 22 disposed on the conductive film 21 and having lower conductivity than the conductive film 21, and at least a part of the conductive film 21 is connected to the connecting portion 42.

[0047] With this configuration, the conductive film 21 is protected by the protective film 22 placed on the conductive film 21, and by directly connecting at least a portion of the conductive film 21 to the connection portion 42 of the electrode 4, the conductivity between the transparent conductive layer 2 and the electrode 4 can be improved compared to the case where the conductive film 21 and the electrode 4 are connected via the protective film 22. This suppresses the increase in electrical resistance of the solar cell module 100 caused by the provision of the protective film 22 and improves the energy conversion efficiency.

[0048] (2) In the solar cell module 100 of (1), it is preferable that the surface resistivity of the conductive film 21 is 5Ω / □ or less, and the surface resistivity of the protective film 22 is greater than 5Ω / □.

[0049] According to this configuration, even when a protective film 22 with lower conductivity than the conductive film 21 is formed on the conductive film 21, the conductivity between the transparent conductive layer 2 and the electrode 4 can be improved, thereby reducing the electrical resistance of the solar cell module 100.

[0050] (3) The solar cell module 100 of (1) or (2) preferably comprises a plurality of solar cells 10.

[0051] According to this configuration, by connecting multiple solar cells 10 in series, the effect of reducing the electrical resistance of the solar cell module 100 can be enhanced.

[0052] (4) A method for manufacturing a solar cell module 100 comprising a transparent conductive layer 2 disposed on a substrate 1, a perovskite solar cell element 3 disposed on the transparent conductive layer 2, an electrode 4 having a main body portion 41 disposed on the perovskite solar cell element 3 and a connecting portion 42 connecting the main body portion 41 and the transparent conductive layer 2, wherein the transparent conductive layer 2 has a conductive film 21 disposed on the substrate 1 and a protective film 22 disposed on the conductive film 21 and having lower conductivity than the conductive film 21, and the method for manufacturing a solar cell module 100 comprising the steps of forming a perovskite solar cell element layer 30 on the transparent conductive layer 2, removing a part of the perovskite solar cell element layer 30 and at least a part of the protective film 22 located below the part by laser scribing to form a second groove G2 in which at least a part of the conductive film 21 is exposed, and forming a connecting portion 42 on the second groove G2.

[0053] In this configuration, by removing a portion of the protective film 22 formed directly above the conductive film 21 and the perovskite solar cell element layer 30 by laser scribing, at least a portion of the conductive film 21 is exposed. Then, by forming a connection portion 42 of the electrode 4 on the formed second groove G2, at least a portion of the conductive film 21 and the connection portion 42 can be directly connected. This improves the conductivity between the transparent conductive layer 2 and the electrode 4, thereby increasing the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 100. [Industrial applicability]

[0054] The present invention can be used for a solar cell module having a perovskite solar cell element and a method for manufacturing a solar cell module. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0055] 1: Substrate, 2: Transparent conductive layer, 3: Perovskite solar cell element, 4: Electrode, 10: Solar cell, 21: Conductive film, 22: Protective film, 30: Perovskite solar cell element layer, 41: Main body, 42: Connection part, 100: Solar cell module

Claims

1. A conductive transparent conductive layer placed on the substrate, A perovskite solar cell element disposed on the transparent conductive layer, The solar cell comprises a main body portion disposed on the perovskite solar cell element, and an electrode having a connecting portion that connects the main body portion and the transparent conductive layer, The transparent conductive layer comprises a conductive film disposed on the substrate and a protective film disposed on the conductive film and having lower conductivity than the conductive film. At least a portion of the conductive film is connected to the solar cell module.

2. The surface resistivity of the conductive film is 5 Ω / □ or less. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the surface resistivity of the protective film exceeds 5 Ω / □.

3. The solar cell module according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a plurality of the aforementioned solar cells.

4. A method for manufacturing a solar cell module comprising: a transparent conductive layer disposed on a substrate; a perovskite solar cell element disposed on the transparent conductive layer; a main body disposed on the perovskite solar cell element; and an electrode having a connecting portion that connects the main body and the transparent conductive layer, The transparent conductive layer comprises a conductive film disposed on the substrate and a protective film disposed on the conductive film and having lower conductivity than the conductive film. The process of forming a perovskite solar cell element layer on the transparent conductive layer, A step of removing a portion of the perovskite solar cell element layer and at least a portion of the protective film located below the portion by laser scribing to form a groove in which at least a portion of the conductive film is exposed, A method for manufacturing a solar cell module, comprising the step of forming the connecting portion on the groove portion.

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