Inspection system and method for lock metal structures based on high-precision grating-type strain gauge technology

Abstract

This invention provides an inspection system and method for lock metal structures based on high-precision grating-type strain gauge technology. [Solution] The system includes a housing and multiple first hydraulic cylinders. Multiple valve blocks and multiple second hydraulic cylinders are fixedly installed inside the housing. Stepped holes are provided inside the valve blocks. Shaft tubes are assembled inside the small diameter holes within the stepped holes. First springs are mounted on the outside of the shaft tubes. Both ends of the first springs abut against the valve blocks and the compression frame. The piston rods of the second hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the compression frame. Grating-type strain gauges are installed inside the stepped holes. Both ends of the grating-type strain gauges are fixedly connected to the ferrules and shaft tubes by clamp members. Both ends of the first hydraulic cylinders are connected to hinge seats, and the first hydraulic cylinders communicate with the second hydraulic cylinders by hydraulic piping.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to an inspection system and method for a lock metal structure based on high-precision grating strain gauge technology. BACKGROUND ART

[0002] In the field of hydraulic engineering, sluices, as important facilities for controlling drainage (water discharge) passages, play an extremely critical role in water level regulation and water flow control. Among them, miter gates have become widely applied hydraulic equipment for navigation channel locks due to their unique structural advantages. However, miter gates face many challenges in the actual operation process. On the one hand, the gate body itself has a large mass and large dimensions, and belongs to a typical ultra-large opening thin-walled structural member. On the other hand, during frequent opening and closing operations, the miter gate is continuously subjected to complex external forces such as hydrodynamic loads and water flow impacts.

[0003] These adverse factors make the operating conditions of miter gates increasingly harsh, and their force-bearing conditions are extremely complex, so that cracks are prone to occur in the structure. When a crack occurs in a miter gate, it is inevitable that the overall strength thereof will be adversely affected, leading to serious safety risks.

[0004] At present, inspection means for cracks in miter gates mainly rely on manual labor. When the miter gate is in a static state, manual inspection can play a certain role. However, when the miter gate enters an operating state, the water flow is rapid and the working environment is dangerous, so it is completely impossible to complete the inspection work manually. As a result, real-time and accurate crack information cannot be obtained during the operation of the miter gate, which ultimately leads to deviations in the comprehensive inspection results, makes it difficult to accurately reflect the actual situation of the miter gate, and cannot provide a highly reliable basis for the safety maintenance of hydraulic facilities. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an inspection system and method for lock metal structures based on high-precision grating-type strain gauge technology, which solves the problem that inspections cannot be completed manually when the miter gate is in operation, resulting in inaccurate overall inspection results.

[0006] To solve the aforementioned problems, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows. An inspection system for lock metal structures based on high-precision grating-type strain gauge technology, comprising a housing and a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders, wherein a plurality of valve blocks and a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders are fixedly installed inside the housing, stepped holes are provided inside the valve blocks, shaft tubes are assembled inside the small diameter holes in the stepped holes, the shaft tubes are fixedly connected to a pressing frame at one end outside the small diameter holes, a ferrule is screwed into one end of the large diameter holes in the stepped holes, a first spring is attached to the outside of the shaft tube, both ends of the first springs abut against the valve blocks and pressing frame respectively, the piston rods of the second hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the pressing frame, and grating-type strain gauges are installed inside the stepped holes, with both ends of the grating-type strain gauges fixedly connected to the ferrule and shaft tube by clamp members. Both ends of the first hydraulic cylinder are connected to hinge seats, and the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to the second hydraulic cylinder by hydraulic piping. When the same hydraulic fluid is supplied to both the first and second hydraulic cylinders, the stroke of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is smaller than the piston stroke of the second hydraulic cylinder.

[0007] A manifold is installed inside the housing, and the manifold has one oil drain port and multiple oil inlet ports. Each first hydraulic cylinder is connected to each oil inlet port by hydraulic piping, and the oil drain port is connected to the second hydraulic cylinder by hydraulic piping.

[0008] The housing includes a housing body and a housing cover, the housing body and housing cover are sealed together, multiple wall-penetrating straight pipe fittings are attached to the housing body, a sealing member is installed between the wall-penetrating straight pipe fittings and the housing body, hydraulic piping inside and outside the housing is connected to both ends of the wall-penetrating straight pipe fittings, multiple waterproof connectors are attached to the housing body, and optical fibers connected to grating-type strain gauges are assembled inside the waterproof connectors.

[0009] The first hydraulic cylinder is a spring-return type hydraulic cylinder.

[0010] The clamping member includes a ferrule and a mounting hole provided at one end of the shaft tube, the mounting hole including a counterbore, a tapered hole and a threaded hole. A second spring is installed in the counterbore, a plurality of fan-shaped segments are installed in the tapered hole, the plurality of fan-shaped segments and the tapered hole are tapered fitted together, a crimping sleeve is screwed into the threaded hole, and the crimping sleeve pushes the fan-shaped segments into contact with the second spring.

[0011] Furthermore, the system includes multiple pipe clamps, each of which includes a clamp block. The bottom surface of the clamp block is provided with a clamp groove for securing hydraulic piping, and magnets are fixedly connected to the clamp blocks on both sides of the clamp groove.

[0012] The system also includes a signal transmitter, a multi-channel data conversion module, a data demodulator, and a data analysis and processing module. Each grating-type strain gauge transmits the collected signal to the multi-channel data conversion module via the signal transmitter, the multi-channel data conversion module transmits the signal to the data demodulator, the data demodulator converts the analog signal to a digital signal and then transmits it to the data analysis and processing module, the data analysis and processing module processes the data and then displays the data on a display.

[0013] The aforementioned data analysis and processing module incorporates a crack propagation prediction algorithm. This algorithm generates a crack propagation trend prediction curve by learning from past data based on time series analysis and a machine learning model, and issues an alarm if the prediction curve exceeds a safety threshold.

[0014] The aforementioned prediction algorithm includes the following process. a) Moving average filtering is performed on the displacement data collected by the grating-type strain gauge (14). b) Construct a dynamic model of crack propagation using an LSTM neural network. c) Perform multivariate regression analysis by combining parameters such as ambient temperature and water pressure. d) Update the model parameters using a Bayesian optimization algorithm.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. High-Precision Inspection: This invention utilizes a high-precision grating-type strain gauge to sensitively detect minute changes in cracks, achieving an accuracy of 0.01 mm. This characteristic allows the system to accurately monitor the crack propagation trend of miter gates, providing strong support for the early detection of potential safety risks. 2. Expansion of crack variation: By cleverly designing the piston diameters of the first and second hydraulic cylinders, a difference in stroke is created when the same hydraulic fluid is supplied, thereby effectively expanding the crack variation. This design significantly improves the sensitivity of the inspection system, making it possible to clearly detect even minute crack fluctuations. 3. Real-time monitoring and display: The system includes a signal transmitter, a multi-channel data conversion module, a data demodulator, and a data analysis and processing module, all working in conjunction with each other. The signals collected by the grating-type strain gauges undergo a series of processes, after which the crack status can be displayed in real time on the display. This allows operators to immediately understand the crack status of the miter gate and take appropriate maintenance measures quickly. 4. Cost Reduction: When multiple cracks are present in the same gate grating, multiple first hydraulic cylinders can share a single second hydraulic cylinder and a grating-type strain gauge. Such a design significantly reduces the number of critical components used in the inspection system, thereby effectively lowering the overall cost. 5. Improved system stability and reliability: The installation of a manifold enables centralized management and rational distribution of hydraulic fluid, resulting in more stable and reliable system operation. At the same time, the waterproof design of the housing, including the use of gaskets, sealing rings, and waterproof connectors, ensures that the system operates normally even in the harsh environment of water, further improving system reliability without being affected by water pressure or humidity. 6. Accurate identification of cracks exceeding tolerance limits: Multiple first hydraulic cylinders collect crack change amounts in the second hydraulic cylinder and feed them back to a grating-type strain gauge. If the total change amount exceeds a predetermined value, the operator can quickly identify the gate grid containing cracks exceeding tolerance limits. Subsequently, individual inspections of each crack are performed, significantly improving inspection efficiency. 7. Elimination of mechanical gaps: By using a spring-return type hydraulic cylinder as the first hydraulic cylinder, the gap between the cylinder and the hinge seat is effectively eliminated. This not only improves the accuracy of the inspection system but also increases the system's response speed, reduces measurement errors due to mechanical vibration or shock, and ensures that crack changes are accurately detected. 8. Structural optimization of the clamping member: The clamping member provides a uniform and stable clamping force by fitting multiple fan-shaped segments into the tapered surface of the tapered hole, firmly securing the grating-type strain gauge. At the same time, the second spring acts as a buffer during the clamping process, preventing damage to the grating-type strain gauge due to excessive clamping force, and comprehensively protecting the inspection element. 9. Ease of installation and maintenance: The magnetically attracted tube clamp design effectively prevents mutual tangling during the installation process of hydraulic pipelines, making the overall layout of the inspection device more orderly and aesthetically superior. In addition, the fixing method using magnetic attraction of the tube clamp allows for easy installation and removal, significantly improving the on-site work efficiency of installation and maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1] It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the present invention. [Figure 3] It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention. [Figure 4] It is a schematic enlarged structural view of part A in Figure 3. [Figure 5] It is a schematic diagram of the B-B cross-sectional structure in Figure 4. [Figure 6] It is a schematic structural diagram related to the tube clamp of the present invention. [Figure 7] It is a connection diagram of the system functional modules of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0017] Hereinafter, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Needless to say, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] Embodiment 1 As shown in Figures 1-3, the inspection system for lock metal structures is based on high-precision grating strain gauge technology and includes a housing 2 and a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders 3. A plurality of valve blocks 16 and a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders 11 are fixedly installed inside the housing 2. Stepped holes 23 are machined inside the valve blocks 16, and a shaft tube 9 is assembled inside a small diameter hole 232 within the stepped hole 23. The shaft tube 9 is axially movable within the small diameter hole 232, and the shaft tube 9 is pressed against a frame 10 at one end outside the small diameter hole 232. The first hydraulic cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the valve block 16 and the pressure frame 10. A ferrule 8 is screwed into one end of the large-diameter hole 231 in the stepped hole 23, a first spring 17 is mounted on the outside of the shaft tube 9, both ends of the first spring 17 are in contact with the valve block 16 and the pressure frame 10, respectively, the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 11 is fixedly connected to the pressure frame 10, an FGB grating-type strain gauge 14 is installed inside the stepped hole 23, and both ends of the grating-type strain gauge 14 are fixedly connected to the ferrule 8 and the shaft tube 9 by clamp members 7. Both ends of the first hydraulic cylinder 3 are connected to hinge seats 4, the first hydraulic cylinder 3 is in communication with the second hydraulic cylinder 11 by hydraulic piping 6, and the piston diameter of the first hydraulic cylinder 3 is larger than the piston diameter of the second hydraulic cylinder 11. As a result, when the same amount of hydraulic fluid is supplied to the first hydraulic cylinder 3 and the second hydraulic cylinder 11, the piston stroke of the first hydraulic cylinder 3 is smaller than the piston stroke of the second hydraulic cylinder 11.

[0019] As shown in Figure 7, the system further includes a display 22, a signal transmitter 18, a multi-channel data conversion module 19, a data demodulator 20, and a data analysis / processing module 21. Each grating-type strain gauge 14 transmits the collected signal to the multi-channel data conversion module 19 via the signal transmitter 18. The multi-channel data conversion module 19 transmits the signal to the data demodulator 20, which converts the analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the data analysis / processing module 21. After processing the data, the data analysis / processing module 21 displays the data via the display 22. The data analysis / processing module 21 is an embedded computer.

[0020] Models of each component: Grating-type strain gauge 14: Model FGB-1000, measuring range ±10mm, accuracy 0.01mm; Signal transmitter 18: Model ST-200, input range 0~10V, output range 0~5V; Multi-channel data conversion module 19: Model DMC-300; Data demodulator 20: Model DMD-50, conversion accuracy 16 bits; Data analysis and processing module 21: Model ADP-800, embedded computer, processing speed 1 GHz; Display 22: Model LCD-15, resolution 1024×768.

[0021] The installation method includes the following steps. In the initial state, the first hydraulic cylinder 3 and the second hydraulic cylinder 11 are filled with hydraulic fluid. Step 1 involves fixing the hinge seat 4. The air vent screw 24 on the first hydraulic cylinder 3 is opened, and the hinge seats 4 at both ends of the first hydraulic cylinder 3 are fixed to the gate body 103 on both sides of the crack 102 in the miter gate 1 using casting adhesive or welding. Next, the housing 2 is bonded to the gate body 103 using casting adhesive, the piston of the second hydraulic cylinder 11 is returned to the intermediate position and adjusted, and finally the air vent screw 24 of the first hydraulic cylinder 3 is tightened. Step 2 involves attaching the grating-type strain gauge 14. One end of the grating-type strain gauge 14 is connected to and fixed to the clamp member 7 at one end of the shaft tube 9. Then, the first spring 17 and the valve block 16 are placed over the shaft tube 9, and at the same time, the first spring 17 is pushed in to compress it. Furthermore, the valve block 16 is fixed to the housing 2 using a screw. After that, the ferrule 8 is screwed into one end of the large-diameter hole 231 of the stepped hole 23 and connected. The position of the clamp member 7 on the ferrule 8 is finely adjusted by rotating the ferrule 8, and the clamp member 7 on the ferrule 8 is moved to the mounting position of the other end of the grating-type strain gauge 14. Finally, the clamp member 7 is rotated to fix the other end of the grating-type strain gauge 14. Step 3 involves adjusting the state of the first spring 17. Slowly loosen the bleed screw 24 on the first hydraulic cylinder 3, slowly move the valve block 16, and allow the first spring 17 to press against the piston rod in the second hydraulic cylinder 11, causing the hydraulic fluid in the first hydraulic cylinder 3 to drip from the bleed screw 24. Immediately afterward, tighten the bleed screw 24. At the same time, ensure that the first spring 17 remains compressed, thereby ensuring that the grating strain gauge 14 is in a tensile state. Finally, connect and secure the valve block 16 to the housing 2 using bolts 26. In step 4, after adjusting the first spring 17 to a compressed state, the optical fibers at both ends of the grating-type strain gauge 14 are connected to the signal transmitter 18, and the data analysis and processing module 21 performs zero-point adjustment on the signal transmitted from the grating-type strain gauge 14 collected at this time, thereby completing the installation process of the inspection device.

[0022] The operation process of the present invention is as follows: when the miter gate 1 is operated, the crack 102 undergoes expansion and contraction, and the first hydraulic cylinder 3 operates in accordance with the crack 102. The first hydraulic cylinder 3 and the second hydraulic cylinder 11 are connected via hydraulic piping 6, and the piston diameter of the first hydraulic cylinder 3 is larger than that of the second hydraulic cylinder 11. Therefore, for the same supply of hydraulic fluid, the piston rod stroke of the first hydraulic cylinder 3 is smaller than that of the second hydraulic cylinder 11, thereby increasing the amount of crack change. The movement of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 11 moves the pressing frame 10, which in turn drives and expands the grating-type strain gauge 14, changing its wavelength. The grating-type strain gauge 14 transmits a wavelength change signal to the signal transmitter 18. The signal transmitter 18 processes the signal and then transmits it to the data demodulator 20 via the multi-channel data conversion module 19. The data demodulator 20 converts the analog signal to a digital signal and then transmits it to the data analysis and processing module 21. The data analysis and processing module 21 processes and stores the data and displays the state of the crack 102 via the display 22.

[0023] Technical Effects: High-precision inspection of the grating-type strain gauge 14 allows for real-time monitoring of minute changes in cracks 102, with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The design of the stroke difference between the first hydraulic cylinder 3 and the second hydraulic cylinder 11 effectively amplifies the amount of crack change and improves inspection sensitivity. The embedded computer's data analysis and processing module 21 rapidly processes the signals and can display the crack state in real time, which is useful for early detection of safety risks.

[0024] Embodiment 2 As shown in Figure 3, a manifold 12 is installed inside the housing 2, and the manifold 12 has one oil discharge port and multiple oil inlet ports. Each first hydraulic cylinder 3 is connected to each oil inlet port by hydraulic piping 6, and the oil discharge port is connected to the second hydraulic cylinder 11 by hydraulic piping 6. The operating principle is as follows: When multiple cracks 102 exist in the same gate grid 101 on the miter gate 1, the first hydraulic cylinder 3 on each crack 102 operates independently in response to the changes in the cracks. Since the multiple first hydraulic cylinders 3 share one second hydraulic cylinder 11 and one grating-type strain gauge 14, the amount of change in each crack is aggregated by the multiple first hydraulic cylinders 3 to the second hydraulic cylinder 11, which then amplifies the aggregated amount of crack change before feeding it back to the grating-type strain gauge 14. If the total amount of change detected by the grating-type strain gauge 14 exceeds a preset value, it indicates that at least one crack in the gate grid 101 within the miter gate 1 has exceeded the allowable value. At this time, the operator can individually inspect each crack in the gate grid and specifically identify the location of the crack that has exceeded the allowable value. Technical effects: Reduces the number of grating-type strain gauges 14 and second hydraulic cylinders 11 used, lowering the cost of the inspection system. Improves system stability and reliability by centrally managing the distribution of hydraulic fluid. Improves inspection efficiency by enabling rapid positioning of gate gratings with cracks exceeding tolerance limits.

[0025] Embodiment 3 The housing 2 includes a housing body 201 and a housing cover 202. A gasket 203 is installed between the housing body and the housing cover. Multiple wall-penetrating straight pipe fittings 13 are attached to the housing body, and a sealing member is installed between the wall-penetrating straight pipe fittings 13 and the housing body. The sealing member is a seal ring. Hydraulic piping 6 inside and outside the housing is connected to both ends of the wall-penetrating straight pipe fittings 13. Multiple waterproof connectors 15 are attached to the housing body, and optical fibers connected to the grating-type strain gauge 14 are assembled inside the waterproof connectors 15. Operating principle: In an underwater environment, the housing body and cover of housing 2 are sealed by a gasket 203 or a sealing ring to prevent water from entering the housing. The use of wall-penetrating straight pipe fittings 13 and waterproof connectors 15 ensures watertightness when hydraulic piping 6 and optical fibers penetrate the housing. The grating-type strain gauge 14 is installed in a sealed space and operates normally even underwater. If a crack changes, the operating principle of the first hydraulic cylinder 3 and the second hydraulic cylinder 11 is the same as in Embodiment 1, and the change signal detected by the grating-type strain gauge 14 is transmitted to the signal processing module via the optical fiber in the waterproof connector 15, and finally the crack state is displayed on the display 22. Technical effects: The waterproof design ensures that the inspection system operates normally in an underwater environment and is unaffected by water pressure and humidity. The double sealing measures of the gasket and sealing ring improve the waterproof performance and reliability of the system. The use of waterproof connector 15 protects the optical fiber connection from water ingress and ensures the stability of signal transmission.

[0026] Embodiment 4 As shown in Figure 2, the first hydraulic cylinder 3 is a spring-return type hydraulic cylinder. This structure eliminates the gap between the first hydraulic cylinder 3 and the hinge seat 4, thereby improving inspection accuracy. The operating principle is as follows: When the spring-return hydraulic cylinder operates under the action of hydraulic fluid, the spring provides a restorative force, automatically returning the cylinder to its initial position when no external force is applied. When a crack changes, the first hydraulic cylinder 3 operates in accordance with the crack, and the design of the spring-return hydraulic cylinder eliminates mechanical gaps, ensuring that crack changes are accurately detected. At the same time, the restorative force of the spring reduces measurement errors due to mechanical vibration or shock, improving inspection accuracy. The technical benefits are as follows: The design of the spring-return hydraulic cylinder eliminates mechanical gaps, improving the accuracy and response speed of the inspection system. It reduces measurement errors caused by mechanical gaps and ensures that crack changes are accurately detected.

[0027] Embodiment 5 As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the clamp member 7 includes a ferrule 8 and a mounting hole 25 installed at one end of the shaft tube 9. The mounting hole 25 has a counterbore 251, a tapered hole 252, and a threaded hole 253. A second spring 73 is installed in the counterbore 251, and a plurality of fan-shaped segments 72 are installed in the tapered hole 252. The spaces between the fan-shaped segments 72 and the tapered hole 252 are tapered. A crimping sleeve 71 is screwed into the threaded hole 253, and the crimping sleeve 71 pushes the fan-shaped segments 72 into contact with the second spring 73. Operating principle: The clamp member 7 is designed so that multiple sector-shaped segments 72 fit into the tapered surface of the tapered hole 252, providing a uniform clamping force. When the crimping sleeve 71 is tightened, the sector-shaped segments 72 are pushed in the direction of the second spring 73, clamping and securing the grating-type strain gauge 14. The second spring 73 provides cushioning during the clamping process, preventing damage to the grating-type strain gauge 14 due to excessive clamping force. This design not only ensures the firm fixation of the grating-type strain gauge 14 but also protects it from a certain degree of mechanical impact. Technical effects: The optimized design of the clamping member 7 ensures the firm fixation of the grating-type strain gauge 14, avoiding measurement errors due to loosening during the inspection process. Multiple sector-shaped segments 72 fit into the tapered surface of the tapered hole, providing uniform clamping force and protecting the grating-type strain gauge 14 from damage. The use of the second spring 73 provides cushioning during the clamping process, further protecting the grating-type strain gauge 14.

[0028] Embodiment 6 As shown in Figure 6, the system also includes multiple pipe clamps 5, each pipe clamp 5 including a clamp block 52, the bottom surface of which is provided with a clamp groove 53 for fixing hydraulic piping 6, and neodymium boron magnets 51 are fixedly connected to the clamp blocks 52 on both sides of the clamp groove 53. The operating principle is as follows: The pipe clamp 5 is attracted to the metal surface of the miter gate by a neodymium boron magnet 51, and the clamp groove 53 on the clamp block 52 is used to secure the hydraulic piping 6. This design effectively prevents the hydraulic piping 6 from becoming entangled during the installation process, while simultaneously making the overall appearance of the inspection device neater and more aesthetically pleasing. The magnetically attached pipe clamp 5 is easy to install and remove, improving the efficiency of on-site installation and maintenance. The technical benefits are as follows: The magnetically adsorbed pipe clamp 5 effectively prevents entanglement of hydraulic pipes 6, improving system reliability. The crack inspection device assembled to the miter gate is neat and aesthetically pleasing, facilitating on-site installation and maintenance. The magnetic adsorption fixing method of the pipe clamp 5 makes installation and removal easy, improving on-site work efficiency. In actual application, this inspection system was installed on the miter gate of a large lock. The miter gate is 10 meters high, 6 meters wide, and 1 meter thick. Multiple mounting points are pre-installed on the gate body and used to secure the hinge seat 4 and housing 2. During the installation process, the above steps were strictly followed to ensure the accuracy of the installation of each component. After installation was complete, the system was debugged. The system's response was verified by simulating crack changes. The actual amount of crack change was measured using a dial gauge, and inspection data from a grating-type strain gauge 14 was recorded simultaneously, and the agreement between the two was compared. Through multiple tests, it was confirmed that the system's inspection accuracy stabilized within 0.01 mm, and that its response speed was relatively fast, allowing it to reflect crack changes in real time.

[0029] Embodiment 7 In actual operation, the lock gates undergo numerous opening and closing operations daily, the water flow is rapid, and the environment is harsh. This inspection system operates stably under these conditions and displays the crack status in real time via display 22. Workers can view the data at any time and detect potential safety risks early. In one instance, during operation of this inspection system, it detected that the amount of change in a certain crack exceeded a preset value, allowing workers to immediately conduct a detailed inspection of that area, discover that the crack was tending to expand, and immediately take repair measures to prevent a potential accident. To further verify the reliability and accuracy of this inspection system, a comparison was made with conventional inspection methods. The same area of ​​the same miter gate was selected, and both manual inspection and inspection using this system were performed. Manual inspection was conducted when the sluice gate was stationary, and crack size was measured using high-precision measuring tools. The system was continuously monitored while the sluice gate was in operation. A comparison over a certain period confirmed that manual inspections can only acquire static data, are subject to environmental constraints, and cannot be performed during sluice gate operation. This system can provide continuous and real-time monitoring data with high accuracy. In capturing crack changes, this system can detect minute change trends in advance, providing strong support for preventive maintenance. Furthermore, critical areas are comprehensively monitored using this system, and the data collected is deeply analyzed by the data analysis and processing module 21 to create a detailed crack propagation report. The report allows workers to accurately determine which cracks should be prioritized and to allocate maintenance resources rationally. At the same time, by predicting the crack progression trend, maintenance plans can be formulated, effectively extending the service life of the locks and reducing maintenance costs. The inspection system was improved to accommodate cracks of different sizes and shapes. Multiple types of clamp members 7 were designed to accommodate grating-type strain gauges 14 of different diameters. At the same time, the piston diameter ratio of the first hydraulic cylinder 3 and the second hydraulic cylinder 11 was adjusted to meet the need for increased crack variation. If the crack is located in a difficult-to-access area, the inspection system can cover a wider area by extending the length of the hydraulic piping 6. Additionally, a wireless data transmission module was developed to allow monitoring data to be transmitted to a remote monitoring center via a wireless network, facilitating real-time monitoring and analysis by workers in different locations.

[0030] The aforementioned data analysis and processing module 21 processes and stores the data and makes predictions regarding crack propagation trends, and the prediction method includes the following steps. Step S1: Data acquisition and preprocessing First, the crack width y detected by the grating-type strain gauge at different points in time. i and length data, corresponding environmental conditions (e.g., temperature T) i , humidity (high), lock operating status (opening / closing frequency f i , water velocity v i It collects information such as (etc.). The time interval for data collection can be set based on actual needs, such as measuring every hour or every day. The collected data is cleaned to remove outliers and noise. For example, using the 3δ rule, data points exceeding ±3 times the standard deviation of the mean are removed. Next, the data is normalized, and all data is scaled to the (0,1) interval using the following formula.

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[0032] Step S2: Construction of a crack propagation trend model Step S2.1 Linear Regression Model Assuming that the crack width y changes linearly with time t, a linear regression model can be constructed.

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[0040] Step S3: Model training and optimization The collected historical data is split into a training set and a test set, and the constructed model is trained on the training set. For linear regression and multiple linear regression models, parameters are estimated using the least squares method. For ARIMA models, model parameters are estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation method. For neural network models, network weights are adjusted using backpropagation and gradient descent. The trained model is validated and evaluated on a test set, and error metrics between predicted and observed values, such as the mean squared error (MSE), are calculated.

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[0044] Step S5: Real-time updates and feedback During the operation of the lock metal structure inspection system, inspection data for new cracks is continuously collected and compared with the model's prediction results. Based on the deviation between the actual inspection data and the predicted data, the parameters or structure of the prediction model are adjusted and updated in a timely manner. Therefore, it is necessary to update the model parameters in real time to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the prediction results, and three types of real-time update methods are shown below. Step S5.1 Incremental Learning Method Incremental learning is a method of dynamically updating model parameters, making it suitable for situations where data is continuously updated. It allows for adjustment of model parameters by gradually introducing new data, eliminating the need to retrain the entire model. Step S5.1.1 Incremental Least Squares Let's assume we use a linear regression model y = a + bt to predict the change in crack width y over time t. The initial model parameters a and b can be calculated using the least squares method. When a new data point (tnew, ynew) arrives, the parameters can be updated using the incremental least squares method. The core idea of ​​incremental least squares is to modify an existing model using new data points, rather than recalculating the entire model. The procedure is as follows: Calculate the model residuals with the new data points.

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[0052] This confirmed the following technical benefits in crack prediction. 1. Improving prediction accuracy Real-time data updates: By collecting crack inspection data in real time and dynamically updating model parameters, the latest trends in crack changes can be reflected, avoiding prediction deviations due to data delays. For example, if the crack propagation rate suddenly increases, the model can quickly capture this change, adjust the prediction results, and more accurately predict the future progression of the crack. Comprehensive application of various models: By combining linear regression models, time series analysis models, machine learning models, etc., the advantages of each model are fully utilized. Linear regression models are simple and efficient and can be applied when crack changes are relatively linear. Time series analysis models can consider the time correlation of crack changes and can be applied when crack propagation has periodicity or trends. Machine learning models can handle complex nonlinear relationships and further improve prediction accuracy. Considering the effects of multiple factors: By incorporating various factors such as temperature, humidity, and lock operation status into the prediction model and comprehensively considering the influence of these factors on crack propagation trends, the prediction results become more accurate and reliable. 2. Improve the adaptability of the model. Dynamic adjustment of model parameters: Model parameters are updated in real time using methods such as incremental least squares and sliding window methods to adapt the model to the dynamic characteristics of crack changes. If the crack propagation rate or direction changes, the model parameters are automatically adjusted to maintain the model's predictive performance. Adaptation to different crack types and environmental conditions: By constructing multi-element relational models and machine learning models, model parameters can be adjusted according to different crack types (e.g., open cracks, in-plane shear cracks) and environmental conditions (e.g., different temperature ranges, humidity levels), improving the versatility and adaptability of the models. 3. Improved monitoring efficiency Real-time monitoring and alarms: By combining real-time data updates and predictive models, real-time monitoring and alarms for cracks can be achieved. If the prediction results indicate that the width or length of a crack exceeds a safety threshold, an alarm signal is immediately issued, prompting maintenance personnel to take measures to prevent a safety accident due to further crack propagation. 4. Optimization of conservative decisions Predicting crack propagation trends: Accurately predicting crack propagation trends provides a scientific basis for maintenance decisions. For example, by predicting changes in crack width over a certain period in the future, maintenance personnel can develop repair plans in advance, select appropriate repair timing and methods, and avoid over-repair or delays. Extending the service life of structures: By detecting and addressing crack problems in a timely manner, further crack propagation is prevented, thereby extending the service life of the lock metal structure and reducing maintenance costs.

[0053] In summary, the newly added crack propagation trend prediction method significantly improves prediction accuracy, enhances model adaptability, improves monitoring efficiency, optimizes maintenance decisions, and improves system reliability through measures such as real-time data updates, comprehensive application of various models, and consideration of the influence of multiple factors, thereby providing powerful technical support for the safe monitoring and maintenance of lock metal structures.

[0054] The embodiments described herein are merely a list of ways of realizing the concept of the invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to the specific forms described in the embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention also extends to equivalent technical solutions that a person skilled in the art may conceive based on the concept of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0055] Miter gate 1, housing 2, first hydraulic cylinder 3, hinge seat 4, pipe clamp 5, hydraulic piping 6, clamp member 7, ferrule 8, shaft pipe 9, pressing frame 10, second hydraulic cylinder 11, manifold 12, wall-penetrating straight pipe 13, grating-type strain gauge 14, waterproof connector 15, valve block 16, first spring 17, signal transmitter 18, multi-channel data conversion module 19, data demodulator 20, data analysis / processing module 21, display 22, stepped hole 23, large diameter hole 231, small diameter hole 232, air vent screw 24, mounting hole 25, counterbore hole 251, tapered hole 252, threaded hole 253, bolt 26, magnet 51, clamp block 52, clamp groove 53, crimp sleeve 71, sector-shaped segment 72, second spring 73, gate grid 101, crack 102, gate body 103

Claims

1. A lock metal structure inspection system based on high-precision grating-type strain gauge technology, It includes a housing and a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders, Multiple valve blocks and multiple second hydraulic cylinders are fixedly installed inside the housing. Stepped holes are provided inside the valve blocks. A shaft tube is assembled inside a small-diameter hole within the stepped hole. The shaft tube is fixedly connected to the pressing frame at one end outside the small-diameter hole. A ferrule is screwed into one end of a large-diameter hole within the stepped hole. A first spring is attached to the outside of the shaft tube. Both ends of the first spring abut against the valve block and the pressing frame, respectively. The piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the pressing frame. A grating-type strain gauge is installed inside the stepped hole. Both ends of the grating-type strain gauge are fixedly connected to the ferrule and the shaft tube, respectively, by clamp members. An inspection system for lock metal structures based on high-precision grating-type strain gauge technology, characterized in that both ends of the first hydraulic cylinder are connected to hinge seats, the first hydraulic cylinder is in communication with the second hydraulic cylinder by hydraulic piping, and when the same hydraulic fluid is supplied to the first and second hydraulic cylinders, the stroke of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is smaller than the piston stroke of the second hydraulic cylinder.

2. An inspection system for lock metal structures based on high-precision grating-type strain gauge technology according to claim 1, characterized in that a manifold is installed inside the housing, the manifold has one oil discharge port and multiple oil inlet ports, each first hydraulic cylinder is connected to each oil inlet port by hydraulic piping, and the oil discharge port is connected to the second hydraulic cylinder by hydraulic piping.

3. The aforementioned grating-type strain gauge is of model FGB-1000, with a measurement range of 10 mm and an accuracy of 0.01 mm. An inspection system for lock metal structures based on high-precision grating-type strain gauge technology according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston material of the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder is a high-strength aluminum alloy.

4. The housing includes a housing body and a housing cover, the housing body and housing cover are sealed together, multiple wall-penetrating straight pipe fittings are attached to the housing body, a sealing member is installed between the wall-penetrating straight pipe fittings and the housing body, hydraulic piping inside and outside the housing is connected to both ends of the wall-penetrating straight pipe fittings, multiple waterproof connectors are attached to the housing body, and optical fibers connected to grating-type strain gauges are assembled inside the waterproof connectors. An inspection system for lock metal structures based on high-precision grating-type strain gauge technology according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first hydraulic cylinder is a spring-return type hydraulic cylinder.

5. An inspection system for lock metal structures based on high-precision grating-type strain gauge technology according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the clamp member includes a ferrule and a mounting hole provided at one end of the shaft tube, the mounting hole includes a counterbore, a tapered hole and a threaded hole, a second spring is installed in the counterbore, a plurality of sector-shaped segments are installed in the tapered hole, the plurality of sector-shaped segments and the tapered hole are tapered fitted together, a crimping sleeve is screwed into the threaded hole, and the crimping sleeve pushes the sector-shaped segments to contact the second spring.

6. The system further includes multiple pipe clamps, each pipe clamp including a clamp block, the bottom surface of which is provided with a clamp groove for securing hydraulic piping, and magnets fixedly connected to the clamp blocks on both sides of the clamp groove. An inspection system for lock metal structures based on high-precision grating strain gauge technology according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a signal transmitter, a multi-channel data conversion module, a data demodulator, and a data analysis and processing module, wherein each grating strain gauge transmits the collected signal to the multi-channel data conversion module via the signal transmitter, the multi-channel data conversion module transmits the signal to the data demodulator, the data demodulator converts the analog signal to a digital signal and then transmits it to the data analysis and processing module, and the data analysis and processing module processes the data and then displays the data on a display.

7. A method for monitoring cracks in a lock metal structure using an inspection system based on the high-precision grating strain gauge technology described in claim 6, A method for monitoring cracks, characterized in that, when cracks on both sides of the first hydraulic cylinder change, the first hydraulic cylinder operates in accordance with the cracks, the second hydraulic cylinder increases the amount of movement of the first hydraulic cylinder, then drives a grating-type strain gauge to expand and contract, causing a change in the wavelength of the grating-type strain gauge, the grating-type strain gauge transmits the change signal to a signal transmitter, the signal transmitter processes the signal transmitted from the grating-type strain gauge and then transmits it to a multi-channel data conversion module, the multi-channel data conversion module transmits the signal to a data demodulator, the data demodulator converts the analog signal to a digital signal and then transmits it to a data analysis and processing module, the data analysis and processing module processes and stores the data and then displays the state of the crack on a display.

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