Sealed insulated tank with penetration elements

Abstract

A sealed, insulated tank is disposed within the support structure and contains a fluid. The sealing membrane includes a plurality of strakes (40, 41) made of an alloy with a low coefficient of expansion parallel to a first direction, the strakes including a plurality of cut strakes (41) forming windows aligned with the interrupted areas. A penetration element (6) is disposed through the tank wall, the penetration element (6) penetrates the insulating barrier in the interrupted areas and penetrates the sealing membrane. The penetration element (6) includes a sealing plate (9) flush with the upper surface of the insulating panel. The insulating barrier includes at least one filling panel, the filling panel is disposed in the interrupted areas around the penetration element (6) and fixed to the support wall. At least one closure sheet (31) extends the sealing membrane to the sealing plate (9).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of manufacturing hermetically insulated tanks within a support structure, in particular to the manufacturing of tanks for containing hot or cold liquids, more particularly tanks for storing and / or transporting liquefied gases by sea, which tanks need to receive penetration elements. [Background technology]

[0002] Sealed, insulated tanks are used in various industries to store hot or cold products. In particular, they are routinely used for on-board storage on land or floating structures, such as the marine transportation of liquefied gases at low temperatures at atmospheric pressure. These liquefied gases include liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is transported at temperatures between -50°C and 0°C (inclusive), hydrogen (LH2), which is transported at temperatures of approximately -253°C, and liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is transported at temperatures of approximately -163°C. Floating structures carrying sealed, insulated tanks include, among others, barges for transporting products, methane tanker ships, and offshore facilities, also known as floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) and floating storage and regasification units (FSRU), for product storage, liquefaction, or regasification.

[0003] The sealed insulated tank is composed of one or more sealing membranes associated with an insulating layer.Sealed insulated tanks are known and are described in particular in WO 2019 / 234360, which comprise a tank wall fixed to a support structure, the tank wall being of multi-layer construction and comprising, from the outside to the inside of the tank, in order: a secondary insulating barrier fixed to the support structure, a secondary sealing membrane supported by the secondary insulating barrier, a primary insulating barrier supported by the secondary sealing membrane, and a primary sealing membrane supported by the primary insulating barrier and intended to be in contact with the product in the tank.

[0004] In the aforementioned types of tanks, when very cold liquids such as LNG are filled, temperature and cargo weight changes act on the tank walls, causing deformation of all elements. Conversely, when discharging, the tank walls are partially heated during ballast tank filling, and deformation occurs due to seawater pressure. These thermal contraction and expansion effects are repeated over the service life of a sealed, insulated tank. Ship tanks are also subjected to forces caused by the deformation of the ship's hull while at sea. This results in fatigue phenomena of the sealing membrane and the insulating barrier. These fatigue phenomena must be monitored over time to prevent ruptures at the level of elements that penetrate specific areas of the tank wall (for example, at the level of vapor collector pipes and gas dome structures in the tank's roof wall, or at the level of tank bottom outlet structures and heavy equipment supports in the tank's bottom wall). Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to one embodiment, a first object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a 1. A sealed, insulated tank disposed within a support structure for containing a fluid, comprising: a tank wall fixed to the support wall of the support structure, the tank wall including, in a thickness direction from the exterior to the interior of the sealed, insulated tank, at least one insulating barrier and one sealed membrane supported by the insulating barrier; The present invention provides a sealed insulated tank including:

[0006] The insulation barrier (e.g., secondary insulation barrier) may include a plurality of insulation panels (e.g., secondary insulation panels) in the form of parallelepiped blocks fixed to the support wall, the plurality of insulation panels being arranged in a plurality of parallel rows, the rows including a plurality of insulation panels juxtaposed in a repeating pattern in a first direction, the plurality of rows being juxtaposed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and singular rows of the plurality of rows including an interrupted area whose dimension in the first direction is equal to the dimension of the repeating pattern.

[0007] The sealing membrane (secondary sealing membrane) may include a plurality of strakes made of an alloy with a low coefficient of expansion parallel to the first direction, each strake having a flat central portion resting on an upper surface of the insulation panel and two raised edges protruding toward the interior of the tank relative to the flat central portion, the strakes being juxtaposed in a repeating pattern in the second direction and welded together in a sealed state at the level of the raised edges, anchor flanges fixed to the insulation panel and parallel to the first direction being positioned between the juxtaposed strakes and holding the sealing membrane on the insulation barrier, the dimension of the strakes in the second direction being smaller than the dimension of the insulation panel in the second direction, and the strakes including a plurality of cut strakes forming windows aligned with the interrupted areas.

[0008] The sealed insulated tank further includes a penetration element arranged through the tank wall, the penetration element penetrating the insulating barrier in a central portion of the interrupted area and penetrating the sealing membrane in a central portion of the window, the penetration element comprising a body extending in the thickness direction of the tank wall, and a sealing plate connected to the peripheral edge of the body, parallel to the support wall, and extending around the body at the same level as the upper surface of the insulation panel.

[0009] The insulating barrier may include at least one filler panel disposed in the interrupted area around the penetration element and fixed to the support wall, and at least one metal closure sheet in contact with an upper surface of the at least one filler panel, the at least one closure sheet having a first edge hermetically welded to the closure plate around the body.

[0010] The cut strake has an edge portion that sandwiches the window, the edge portion covering a second edge of the at least one closure sheet and being hermetically welded to the at least one closure sheet, whereby the at least one closure sheet extends the sealing membrane to the closure plate.

[0011] Thanks to these properties, the use of a continuous layer of parallel strakes, whose robustness has been proven by experience, makes it possible to easily connect the sealing membrane to the penetration elements while increasing the fatigue resistance of the sealing membrane in specific areas of the tank wall.

[0012] According to other advantageous embodiments, such a sealed, insulated tank may have one or more of the following characteristics:

[0013] According to one embodiment, the insulating panel has a square cross section with the same dimensions in the first direction and the second direction.

[0014] The sealing plate can have a variety of contour shapes. In one embodiment, the sealing plate has a circular contour. In one embodiment, the sealing plate has a square or rectangular contour.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the tank wall comprises four identical filler panels respectively arranged in four sectors of the interrupted area, The four sectors are separated from one another by a first centerline of the interrupted region extending in the first direction and a second centerline of the interrupted region extending in the second direction.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the tank wall comprises four identical filler panels arranged in each of four sectors of the interrupted area, the four sectors being separated from one another by a first diagonal and a second diagonal of the interrupted area.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the tank wall comprises two identical filling panels respectively arranged in two sectors of the interrupted area, the two sectors being separated from each other by a first center line of the interrupted zone extending in the first direction or in the second direction.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the body has a circular contour and the at least one filler panel has a proximal side extending in the thickness direction and facing the body, the proximal side having an arcuate shape.

[0019] According to one embodiment, one of the filler panels comprises: a proximal side extending in the thickness direction and facing the body; at least one distal side extending in the thickness direction and facing the insulation panel adjacent the interrupted region; and the closure sheet is fixed to the upper surface of the filler panel by a fixing piece (e.g., a metal insert or a fixing screw) disposed on the upper surface along one of the distal sides; The edge portion of the cut strake is arranged to cover the fixing piece.

[0020] Alternatively, the closure sheet may extend over one or more insulation panels adjacent to the interrupted areas and be fixed to the upper surface of at least one of the insulation panels over which it extends by means of fastening pieces (e.g. metal inserts or fastening screws) arranged on the upper surface of the insulation panel along the edge adjacent to the interrupted areas, in which case the closure sheet simply rests on the filler panel without being fastened to it.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the closure sheet is fixed to the top surface of the filling panel or insulation panel adjacent to the interrupted area by welding a metal insert, the edge of the cut strake being positioned to cover the weld.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the filling panel or the insulation panel adjacent to the interrupted area is provided with a cover plate forming an upper surface, the cover plate being provided with a spot facing for receiving a fixing piece (e.g. for receiving a metal insert or for receiving the head of a fixing screw).

[0023] According to one embodiment, the fixing pieces take the form of a row of pieces parallel to the distal side of the filling panel or parallel to the edge of the insulation panel adjacent to the interruption area, and the spot facing takes the form of a groove parallel to the distal side of the filling panel or parallel to the edge of the insulation panel adjacent to the interruption area.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the plurality of rows are juxtaposed in a repeating pattern in the second direction; a dimension of the repeating pattern of the row is twice the dimension of the repeating pattern of the strake in the second direction; The cut strakes are arranged in a differential row and include a central cut strake and two side cut strakes located on either side of the central cut strake; the raised edge of the center cut strake is offset in the second direction relative to the edges of the singular row; The central cut strake rests completely on the singular row and is interrupted across its entire width at the level of the window; Each of the side cut strakes spans the singular row and the row adjacent to the singular row, and is interrupted over a portion of its width at the level of the window.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the body has a circular profile, and a diameter of the body parallel to the first direction is aligned with the planar central portion of the central cut strake.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the thermal insulating barrier is a secondary thermal insulating barrier, the sealing membrane is a secondary sealing membrane; the row is a second row, the insulation panel is a secondary insulation panel; the singular sequence is a singular second sequence, The tank wall further has a thickness direction from the inside to the outside of the sealed insulated tank, a primary insulating barrier supported by the secondary sealing membrane; a primary sealing membrane supported by the primary insulating barrier; Including, The primary sealing membrane is intended to be in contact with the fluid within the sealed, insulated tank.

[0027] the primary insulating barrier includes a plurality of first rows parallel to the first direction; the first row includes a plurality of primary insulation panels juxtaposed in the first direction; the plurality of primary insulation panels are in the form of parallelepiped blocks having dimensions equal to the dimensions of the secondary insulation panels in the second direction; The first rows are offset in the second direction relative to the second rows, such that each first row spans two second rows.

[0028] According to one embodiment, a primary retention member is supported by the secondary insulation panel and cooperates with the primary insulation panel to retain the primary insulation panel on the secondary sealing membrane.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the first and second unique first rows of the first rows are stacked on the unique second row; The first unique first row and the second unique first row each include at least one truncated primary insulation panel truncated to align with the interruption area; each truncated primary insulation panel having a truncated edge facing the body; the truncated edge extends away from the first interface line to bypass the body; The first interface line is located between the first unique first row and the second unique first row and is parallel to the first direction.

[0030] According to one embodiment, a first additional primary anchor member is secured to the closure plate along the first interface line and cooperates with a first cut-off primary insulation panel of the first unique first row and a first cut-off primary insulation panel of the second unique first row to hold the first cut-off primary insulation panel on the closure plate.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the first row is offset in the second direction relative to the second row by half a dimension of the secondary insulation panel; The first interface line coincides with a first center line of the interruption region.

[0032] By offsetting the first row relative to the second row, the forces passing through the sealing membrane and the primary insulation and onto the secondary insulation panels of the supporting wall can be more evenly distributed, in effect distributing the pressure acting on the primary insulation panel across multiple, e.g., two or four, secondary insulation panels underneath.

[0033] Preferably, the primary retention member is supported by the secondary insulation panel at a location away from the edge of the secondary insulation panel (eg, in the center of the secondary insulation panel).

[0034] According to one embodiment, the first unique first row and the second unique first row each include a second truncated primary insulation panel adjacent to the first truncated primary insulation panel; Two first additional primary anchor members are fixed to the closure plate on either side of the body, aligned with the first interface line, and cooperate with the first and second cut-off primary insulation panels of the first unique first row and the second unique first row, respectively, to hold the first and second cut-off primary insulation panels on the closure plate.

[0035] According to one embodiment, two second additional primary anchor members are fixed to the closure plate aligned with second interface lines on either side of the body and cooperate with the first and second cut-off primary insulation panels of the first unique first row and the second unique first row, respectively, to hold the first and second cut-off primary insulation panels on the closure plate.

[0036] These properties allow each of the four truncated primary insulation panels to be secured to the sealing plate of the penetration element by two additional primary anchoring elements at both ends of the truncated edge. This overlap of anchoring points allows the truncated primary insulation panels to be held firmly on the secondary sealing membrane, improving their resistance, particularly to mechanical stress.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the primary insulation panels and the truncated primary insulation panels have dimensions equal to the dimensions of the secondary insulation panels in a first direction, the interfaces between the primary insulation panels and the truncated primary insulation panels in the first and second distinct first rows are offset in the first direction by half the dimension of the secondary insulation panels in the first direction relative to the interfaces between the secondary insulation panels in the second row, and the secondary interface line coincides with a second center line of the interruption area.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the first truncated primary insulation panel has a multi-layer structure consisting of an outer rigid plate, an insulating polymer foam layer, and an inner rigid plate in a thickness direction from the exterior to the interior of the tank, the first truncated primary insulation panel includes a rectangular well extending through the inner rigid plate and the insulating polymer foam layer to expose an inner surface area of ​​the outer rigid plate; The first additional anchor member comprises an anchor plate abutting the inner surface region of the outer rigid plate of the first truncated primary insulation panel.

[0039] According to one embodiment, the additional primary anchoring member comprises a rod fixed to the closing plate and a cleat abutting the inner surface region of the outer rigid plate; the anchor plate is placed on the cleat, and the upper portion of the rod passes through the anchor plate; the additional primary anchor member comprises a nut and at least one washer; the nut cooperates with the upper portion of the rod; The at least one washer is threaded onto the rod between the nut and the anchor plate.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the additional primary anchor member also comprises a shim that rests on the closing plate, the anchor plate resting across the cleat and the shim, while in another embodiment the anchor plate rests across the cleat and the edge of the penetrating element.

[0041] According to one embodiment, a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a 1. An insulated tank disposed within a support structure for containing a fluid, comprising: a tank wall fixed to the support wall of the support structure, the tank wall including, in a thickness direction from the exterior to the interior of the sealed, insulated tank, at least one insulating barrier and one sealed membrane supported by the insulating barrier; The present invention provides a sealed insulated tank including:

[0042] The insulation barrier (e.g., primary insulation barrier) may include a plurality of insulation panels (e.g., primary insulation panels) in the form of parallelepiped blocks, the plurality of insulation panels arranged in parallel rows, the rows including a plurality of insulation panels juxtaposed in a repeating pattern in a first direction, the plurality of rows juxtaposed in a repeating pattern in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the insulation panels having edges parallel to the first direction and the second direction.

[0043] The sealed insulated tank may further include a penetration element disposed through the tank wall, the penetration element comprising a body extending in the thickness direction of the tank wall, and a sealing plate connected to the peripheral edge of the body parallel to the support wall and extending around the body at the same level as the upper surface of the insulation panel.

[0044] The sealing membrane (e.g., primary sealing membrane) may have first corrugations spaced apart by a first wave pitch in a first direction and parallel to a second direction, and flat portions located between the first corrugations and resting on an upper surface of the insulation panel, wherein a dimension of the repeating pattern in the first direction of the insulation panel is three times the first wave pitch.

[0045] The penetrating element has a dimension in the first direction that is 1 to 3 times the first wave pitch and penetrates at least one specific row of the plurality of rows, the specific row including a first truncated insulation panel and a second truncated insulation panel adjacent to the first truncated insulation panel.

[0046] Each trimmed insulation panel may have a trimmed edge facing the body, the trimmed edge being formed away from an interface line to circumvent the body, the interface line passing between the first trimmed insulation panel and the second trimmed insulation panel and being parallel to the second direction.

[0047] The sealing membrane may comprise a row of plates parallel to the first direction and covering the singular row, the row of plates comprising a plurality of rectangular plates juxtaposed in a repeating pattern in the first direction and welded together without overlapping or overlapping and sealed by their edge regions, a dimension of the repeating pattern of rectangular plates in the first direction is three times the first wave pitch, the first corrugations are spaced apart from the edges of the rectangular plates in the first direction, each rectangular plate comprises three first corrugations, and the weld joints between the rectangular plates are offset in the first direction relative to the interfaces between the insulating panels in the singular row.

[0048] The array of plates may include a first truncated rectangular plate positioned across the first truncated insulating panel and the second truncated insulating panel, and a second truncated rectangular plate adjacent to the first truncated plate and positioned on the second truncated insulating panel.

[0049] Each truncated rectangular plate may have a truncated edge facing the body, the truncated edge extending away from the weld joint to circumvent the body, the weld joint joining the first truncated rectangular plate and the second truncated rectangular plate and being parallel to the second direction.

[0050] According to one embodiment, the truncated edge of the first truncated rectangular plate interrupts two first corrugations of the first truncated rectangular plate, and the truncated edge of the second truncated rectangular plate does not interrupt any of the first corrugations of the second truncated rectangular plate.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the closing piece connects the truncated edge of the first truncated rectangular plate and the truncated edge of the second truncated rectangular plate to the sealing plate.

[0052] According to other advantageous embodiments, such a sealed, insulated tank may have one or more of the following characteristics:

[0053] According to one embodiment, the first metal anchor elements are fixed to the upper surfaces of the insulation panels in the differential row at a distance shorter than the first wave pitch from the edge of the insulation panel parallel to the second direction, and each rectangular plate has one flat portion extending across the upper surfaces of two insulation panels in the differential row, the flat portion being welded to the first metal anchor elements of the two insulation panels, and the flat portion of the first truncated rectangular plate located between the two first corrugations of the first truncated rectangular plate interrupted by the truncated edge is welded to the first metal anchor elements of the first truncated insulation panel and the second truncated insulation panel.

[0054] According to one embodiment, the body has a circular contour shape and the penetrating element is arranged so that the diameter of the body parallel to the second direction is located between two first corrugations of the first truncated rectangular plate interrupted by the truncated edge, preferably in the middle of the two first corrugations of the first truncated rectangular plate.

[0055] According to one embodiment, the singular sequence is a first singular sequence, the interface line is a second interface line, the piercing element further pierces a second singular row of the rows; the first interface line is located between the first unique row and the second unique row and is parallel to the first direction; The second singular sequence is a first cut insulation panel adjacent to the first (primary) cut insulation panel in the first singular row in the second direction; a second cut insulation panel adjacent to the second cut insulation panel in the second singular row in the second direction; Equipped with The second interface line also passes between the first cut insulation panel and the second cut insulation panel in the second differential row; Each truncated insulation panel has a truncated edge facing the body; The truncated edge extends away from the second interface line to bypass the body.

[0056] According to one embodiment, the sealing membrane has second corrugations parallel to the first direction, spaced apart by a second wave pitch in the second direction, with flat portions disposed between the first corrugations and between the second corrugations, and the second corrugations spaced apart from the edges of the rectangular plate in the second direction.

[0057] a dimension of the repeating pattern of rows in the second direction may be three times the second wave pitch; A dimension of the rectangular plate in the second direction may be greater than or equal to three times the second wave pitch; The row of plates may be arranged across the first unique row and the second unique row.

[0058] The second metal anchor element may be secured to the top surface of the first and second trimmed insulation panels in the first and second differential rows at a distance less than the second wave pitch from an edge of the trimmed insulation panel parallel to the first direction.

[0059] The first truncated rectangular plate and the second truncated rectangular plate may have one of the flat portions extending across the first interface line, and the flat portion is welded to the second metal anchor element of the first truncated insulation panel of the first unique row and the second unique row and the second truncated insulation panel of the first unique row and the second unique row.

[0060] According to one embodiment, the piercing element has a dimension in the second direction between 1 and 3 times the second wave pitch, and the truncated edge of the first truncated rectangular plate and the truncated edge of the second truncated rectangular plate interrupt two of the second corrugations adjacent to the first interface line.

[0061] Preferably, the piercing elements have a dimension in the first direction and / or the second direction of less than 3 wave pitches, thereby avoiding interruptions of the three first corrugations and / or the three second corrugations. Preferably, the piercing elements have a dimension in the first direction and / or the second direction of between 1 wave pitch and 2 wave pitches inclusive.

[0062] According to one embodiment, the dimension of the rectangular plate in the second direction is equal to 9 times the second wave pitch, and each rectangular plate comprises 9 second corrugations, and the two second corrugations adjacent to the first interface line have 2 to 8 ranks (inclusive), preferably 4 to 6 ranks (inclusive), the ranks of the second corrugations being counted from the edge of the rectangular plate.

[0063] According to one embodiment, the body has a circular contour and the penetrating element is arranged so that the diameter of the body parallel to the first direction is located between two second corrugations interrupted by the truncated edges of the first truncated rectangular plate, preferably in the middle of the two second corrugations.

[0064] According to one embodiment, the second wave pitch is the same as the first wave pitch.

[0065] According to one embodiment, the height of the second corrugations is less than the height of the first corrugations.

[0066] According to one embodiment, the first and second corrugations are continuous at the level of the intersection between the first and second corrugations.

[0067] According to one embodiment, the closure piece comprises at least one metal closure plate to which the truncated edges of the first truncated rectangular plate are welded, the at least one metal closure plate having an inner edge welded to the closure plate, and at least four first end pieces are welded to the at least one metal closure plate to close two first corrugations, on both sides of the body, that are interrupted by the truncated edges of the first truncated rectangular plate.

[0068] According to one embodiment, at least four second end pieces are welded to at least one metal closing plate to close two second corrugations interrupted by the truncated edges of the first truncated rectangular plate and the truncated edges of the second truncated rectangular plate on either side of the body.

[0069] According to one embodiment, the insulating panel has a square cross-sectional shape with equal dimensions in a first direction and a second direction.

[0070] According to one embodiment, the body has a circular profile and the sealing plate has a circular profile concentric with the body.

[0071] According to one embodiment, the body has a circular contour and the truncated edges of the first and second truncated insulating panels have arcuate shapes concentric with the body.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the sealing membrane is a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the sealed, insulated tank; The thermal barrier is the primary thermal barrier, The tank wall is a secondary sealing membrane disposed between the primary insulating barrier and the support wall; a secondary insulating barrier disposed between the secondary sealing membrane and the support wall; Further provided with The sealing plate is a primary sealing plate; The penetration element further comprises a secondary sealing plate parallel to the support wall, connected to the periphery of the body and extending around the body at the same level as the upper surface of the secondary insulating barrier.

[0073] According to one embodiment, the present invention also provides a sealed, insulated tank arranged within a support structure for containing a fluid, the sealed, insulated tank comprising a tank wall fixed to a support wall of the support structure, the tank wall comprising, in a thickness direction from the outside to the inside of the sealed, insulated tank, a second insulating barrier, a second sealing membrane, a first insulating barrier, and a first sealing membrane.

[0074] The sealed, insulated tank comprises a penetration element disposed through the tank wall, the penetration element passing through the insulating barrier and the sealing membrane, the penetration element comprising a body extending in the thickness direction of the tank wall, and a sealing plate connected to the periphery of the body, extending around the body parallel to the support wall and at the same height as the upper surface of the secondary insulating barrier.

[0075] the primary insulating barrier includes a plurality of first rows parallel to the first direction; the row includes a plurality of primary insulation panels juxtaposed in the first direction; The primary insulation panel takes the form of a parallelepiped block.

[0076] a first unique first row and a second unique first row of the first rows each include at least one truncated primary insulation panel; Each truncated primary insulation panel has a truncated edge facing the body, the truncated edge extending away from a first interface line to circumvent the body, the first interface line being located between the first unique first row and the second unique first row and parallel to the first direction.

[0077] The first primary anchor member is secured to the sealing plate to the right of the first interface line and cooperates with the first cut primary insulation panel of the first unique first row and the first cut primary insulation panel of the second unique first row to hold the first cut primary insulation panel on the sealing plate.

[0078] Such sealed insulated tanks may form part of onshore storage facilities, for example for storing LNG, or may be installed on floating, onshore or offshore structures, such as methane tanker ships, ethane tankers, Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRUs), Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) facilities, among others.

[0079] According to one embodiment, the present invention also provides a ship for transporting liquefied gas, the ship comprising a double hull and a sealed, insulated tank arranged within the double hull.

[0080] According to one embodiment, the double hull comprises an inner hull that forms the support structure of the sealed, insulated tank.

[0081] According to one embodiment, the present invention comprises: 1. A transfer system for transferring liquefied gas, comprising: The ship and an insulated pipe arranged to connect the sealed insulated tank installed in the double hull of the ship to a floating or land-based storage facility; A transfer system comprising:

[0082] According to one embodiment, the present invention also provides the use of a ship for loading or unloading liquefied gas, the liquefied gas being transported through insulated pipes from a floating or onshore storage facility to the ship's sealed insulated tanks or from the ship's sealed insulated tanks to the floating or onshore storage facility.

[0083] The present invention will be better understood and further objects, details, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent in the course of the following description of some specific embodiments thereof (for purposes of illustration only and not of limitation) with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0084] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sealed, insulated tank wall and support legs according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a support leg and tank wall that can be used with the sealed, insulated tank of FIG. 1, with the secondary sealing membrane, primary insulating barrier, and primary sealing membrane omitted. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the filler panel according to the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a top view of the support legs and the area of ​​the secondary insulating barrier around the support legs. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the support legs and tank wall of FIG. 2, showing a portion of the secondary sealing membrane. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5 showing the secondary sealing membrane. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 3, but according to a second embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 4, but according to a second embodiment. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a top view of the support legs and tank wall of Figure 6, showing the primary insulating barrier around the support legs. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of section X of FIG. 1, showing additional primary anchoring members that can cooperate with the truncated primary insulation panels to hold them against the secondary sealing membrane. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a top view from the direction of arrow XI in FIG. 10, with the insulating plug omitted. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the support leg and the area of ​​the primary sealing membrane surrounding the support leg. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a methane tanker ship's tank and the tank's loading / unloading terminal. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a view similar to FIG. 5, showing a modification in which the support legs are replaced by a vapor collector pipe passing through the ceiling wall of the tank. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a view similar to FIG. 14 showing the secondary sealing membrane. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 shows a partial perspective view of a truncated primary insulation panel that can be used around a steam collector pipe. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a view similar to FIG. 10, showing a modification in which the support legs are replaced with steam collector pipes. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the area of ​​the primary sealing membrane around the vapor collector pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0085] In the following, embodiments are described with reference to a sealed, insulated tank intended for the storage and / or marine transport of LNG. In variants not described, this type of sealed, insulated tank may also be a tank for the onshore storage of other refrigerated products, such as LPG or LH2.

[0086] Such sealed, insulated tanks can be manufactured in a variety of shapes, such as polyhedral shapes in hull or double hull, cylindrical shapes on land, or other shapes.

[0087] By convention, the terms "on (sur), above (au-dessus)," "upper" (superieur), and "top" (haut) generally refer to locations located inside a sealed, insulated tank, and the terms "under (sous), below (en-dessous)," "lower" (inferieur), and "bottom" (bas) generally refer to locations located outside a sealed, insulated tank, regardless of the orientation of the tank walls relative to the Earth's gravitational field.

[0088] The structure of the bottom wall of the sealed, heat-insulating tank through which the support legs 6 pass will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0089] The bottom wall is provided with, in the thickness direction from the outside to the inside of the sealed insulated tank, a secondary insulating barrier 2 including juxtaposed secondary insulating panels 13 fixed to the support wall 1 of the support structure by secondary retaining members, a secondary sealing membrane 3 supported by the secondary insulating panels 13 of the secondary insulating barrier 2, a primary insulating barrier 4 including juxtaposed primary insulating panels 50 fixed to the secondary insulating panels 13 of the secondary insulating barrier 4 by primary retaining members 19, and a primary sealing membrane 5 supported by the primary insulating panels 50 of the primary insulating membrane 5 and intended to come into contact with the LNG in the sealed insulated tank.

[0090] The support wall 1 can in particular be a free-standing metal plate, or more generally any type of rigid partition wall with suitable mechanical properties. A number of support walls are usually used to form a support structure having the general shape of a sealed, insulated tank.

[0091] The secondary insulation barrier 2 comprises a plurality of secondary insulation panels 13 in the form of parallelepiped blocks secured to the supporting wall 1 by resin beads (not shown) and / or studs 30 welded to the supporting wall 1. As shown in Figure 2, the secondary insulation panels 13 are in the form of parallelepiped blocks with square bases. In other embodiments, the secondary insulation panels 13 may be in the form of parallelepiped blocks with rectangular bases.

[0092] Each secondary insulation panel 13 comprises an insulating polymer foam layer 15 sandwiched between two rigid plates (a bottom plate 14 and a cover plate 16). The cover plate 16 has, in particular, an upper surface 161 facing the interior of the sealed, insulated tank. The bottom plate 14 and the cover plate 16 are made, for example, of plywood and are glued to the insulating polymer foam layer 15. The insulating polymer foam layer 15 can, in particular, be a polyurethane-based foam layer. This polymer foam is preferably reinforced with glass fibers to reduce thermal shrinkage. The cover plate 16 is provided with grooves 17 to receive weld supports.

[0093] Although the construction of the secondary insulation panel 13 has been described above as an example, in other embodiments the secondary insulation panel 13 can have other general constructions.

[0094] For example, in WO 2012 / 127141 the secondary insulation panel 13 is made in the form of a box, which includes a bottom plate, a cover plate and a support web, which extends in the thickness direction of the tank wall between the bottom plate and the cover plate and defines a number of compartments filled with insulating packing such as perlite, glass wool or rock wool.

[0095] For example, in WO 2019 / 234360, the secondary insulating panel 13 includes three rigid plates (i.e., a bottom plate, an intermediate plate, and a cover plate) instead of two, and two polymer foam layers, with a first insulating polymer foam layer sandwiched between the bottom plate and the intermediate plate, and a second insulating polymer foam layer sandwiched between the intermediate plate and the cover plate.

[0096] To secure the secondary insulation panel 13 to the studs 30 secured to the support wall 1, the secondary insulation panel 13 is provided with cylindrical welds 18, shown in FIG. 2, extending through the entire thickness of the secondary insulation panel 13 and formed near each corner of the secondary insulation panel 13. The cylindrical welds 18 include variations in cross section, not shown, to define support surfaces for nuts that cooperate with the threaded ends of the studs 30. For example, the cylindrical welds 18 may have a first section of 40-50 mm (inclusive) in the insulating polymer foam layer 15 and a second section of 15-25 mm (inclusive) in the bottom plate 14 to define the support surface for the nuts.

[0097] A plurality of secondary insulation panels 13 are arranged side by side in a parallel second row, or more precisely, they form a repeating pattern in the longitudinal direction L and the transverse direction T, so that the support wall 1 of the sealed insulated tank is "paved" with the secondary insulation panels 13.

[0098] The secondary insulation panels 13 are separated from one another by gaps that provide functional assembly clearance. These gaps are filled with an insulating filler, such as glass wool, rock wool, or flexible open-cell synthetic foam. The insulating filler is preferably made of a porous material to ensure gas flow spaces in the gaps between the secondary insulation panels.

[0099] 2 shows three longitudinal second rows of secondary insulation panels 13. The singular second rows have square interrupted areas 20 of the same dimensions as the repeating pattern (i.e., the same dimensions as the secondary insulation panels 13).

[0100] The penetration elements constituting the support legs 6 are arranged to penetrate the bottom wall of the sealed, insulated tank, centered on the interruption area 20. The support legs 6 penetrate the secondary and primary insulating barriers 2 and 4, as well as the secondary and primary sealing membranes 3 and 5, with one end in contact with the support wall 1 and the other end protruding into the sealed, insulated tank at a certain distance from the primary sealing membrane 5.

[0101] The support legs 6 are used to support heavy equipment submerged in the sealed, insulated tank. For example, such support legs are provided at the base of the pump mast (not shown) of the sealed, insulated tank to support a loading / unloading pump. Although the support legs 6 are shown here on the bottom wall of the sealed, insulated tank, similar penetration elements can be positioned elsewhere in the sealed, insulated tank as well, for example to serve as supports or spacers to space objects away from the tank wall.

[0102] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the support leg 6 has a rotationally symmetrical body with a circular cross section along the axis of rotation R parallel to the thickness of the bottom wall. The truncated conical lower part 7 is connected to the cylindrical upper part 8 at the level of its smallest diameter. The base of the largest diameter of the truncated conical lower part 7 contacts the support wall 1. An interrupted area 20 is larger than the base of the largest diameter of the truncated conical lower part 7, and the support leg 6 is located in the interrupted area 20. The truncated conical lower part 7 extends through the thickness of the bottom wall above the level of the primary sealing membrane 5. The cylindrical upper part 8 is sealed, for example, by a circular plate 12 welded to the inner edge (not shown) of the cylindrical upper part 8.

[0103] The body of the support leg comprises a secondary sealing plate 9 which is parallel to the support wall 1 and connected to the periphery of the body and extends around the body at the level of the upper surface 161 of the secondary insulating panel 13, and a primary sealing plate 11 which is also parallel to the support wall 1 and connected to the periphery of the body and extends around the entire periphery of the body at the level of the upper surface of the primary insulating panel 50.

[0104] The secondary sealing plate 9 is extended by an internal plate 10 inside the truncated conical lower part 7, and the internal space of the truncated conical lower part 7 is divided into a secondary part 7a and a primary part 7b by the internal plate 10. The secondary part 7a and the primary part 7b of the internal space are filled with a heat insulating material such as glass wool to suppress heat conduction.

[0105] Next, a method for manufacturing the secondary insulating barrier 2 and the secondary sealing membrane 3 around the support leg will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0106] According to a first embodiment shown in Figure 4, the secondary insulating barrier 2 comprises four identical filler panels 21 arranged around the body of the support leg 6. The interruption area 20 is therefore divided into four sectors, one filler panel 21 arranged in each sector.

[0107] As shown in Figure 3, the structure of the filler panel 21 is similar to that of the secondary insulation panel 13, i.e., the filler panel 21 is a sandwich structure of two rigid plates (a bottom plate 22 and a cover plate 24) with an insulating polymer foam layer 23 sandwiched between them. The bottom plate and the cover plate are made of plywood, for example. In other embodiments, the filler panel 21 may have other common structures, such as those described in WO 2012 / 127141 or WO 2019 / 234360.

[0108] The method of fastening the filler panels 21 to the studs 30 of the support wall 1 is similar to that for the secondary insulation panels 13. Each filler panel 21 is provided with two cylindrical welds 25 that penetrate the entire thickness of the filler panel 21. The cylindrical welds 25 include variations in cross section, not shown, that define bearing surfaces for nuts that cooperate with the threaded ends of the studs 30.

[0109] The four sectors of the interrupted area are separated from each other by two center lines: a longitudinal center line A parallel to the longitudinal direction L and a transverse center line B parallel to the transverse direction T. The intersection of the center lines in the center of the interrupted area 20 coincides with the intersection of the support wall 1 with the axis of rotation R of the body of the support leg 6.

[0110] 3, each filler panel 21 has a proximal side 311 facing the body of the support leg 6, two distal sides 312 facing the panel adjacent the interruption area 20, and an intermediate side 313. The proximal side 311, the distal side 312, and the intermediate side 313 extend through the thickness of the bottom wall.

[0111] The proximal side 311 has a semicircular cutout for receiving the body of the support leg 6. The two distal side surfaces 312 are straight and perpendicular to each other. In the longitudinal direction L or the transverse direction T, the dimension of the distal side surface 312 of the filler panel 21 is approximately half the dimension of the side surface of the secondary insulation panel 13. Each distal side surface 312 is connected to the proximal side surface 311 by an intermediate side surface 313. The intermediate side surfaces 313 are aligned with the longitudinal centerline A and the transverse centerline B of the interruption region 20, respectively.

[0112] The upper surface of the cover plate 24 of the filling panel 21 is provided with grooves 26 that contact the distal side surface 312, and the heads of two rows of fixing screws 32 that are parallel to the distal side surface 312 are inserted into the grooves 26. The fixing screws 32 are used to fix the closure sheet 31 to the upper surface of the cover plate 24.

[0113] When the filler panels 21 are assembled, the notches in the proximal sides 311 define a circle with a diameter greater than the diameter of the base of the largest diameter of the frustoconical lower portions 7 of the support legs 6. Adjacent filler panels 21 are separated by a gap 27 formed between the two facing medial sides. The gap 27 is aligned with the longitudinal centerline A or the lateral centerline B of the interruption region 20. The gap 27 is filled with an insulating filler material, such as mineral wool, rock wool, or flexible open-cell synthetic foam.

[0114] As shown in FIG. 1, the space 48 bounded by the filling panel 21, the frustoconical lower part 7 of the support leg 6, and the secondary sealing plate 9 is filled with a heat insulating filling material, for example glass wool.

[0115] 7, the secondary insulating barrier 2 includes two metal closure sheets 31. Each closure sheet 31 covers two filler panels 21. The closure sheets 31 are secured by fixing screws 32 located in grooves 26 in the cover plates 24 of the filler panels 21. Each closure sheet 31 also has a semicircular inner edge that is hermetically welded to the secondary sealing plate 9 around the body of the support leg 6.

[0116] The closure sheet 31 is made, for example, of Invar®, an alloy of iron and nickel, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically 1.2×10 -6 K -1 ~2.0×10 -6 K -1 (inclusive) and the expansion coefficient is typically 7.0 × 10 -6 K -1 Iron and manganese alloys of a certain degree can also be used.

[0117] Alternatively, the secondary insulating barrier 2 may comprise only one closure sheet 31 or more than two.

[0118] As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the secondary sealing membrane 3 is composed of a continuous sheet of metal strakes 40 having raised edges 43 in the longitudinal direction L. A plurality of strakes 40 are arranged side by side in the transverse direction T. Each strake 40 has a flat central portion that rests on the upper surface 161 of the secondary insulation panel 13 and two raised edges 43 that project relative to the flat central portion toward the inside of the sealed insulated tank. The strakes 40 are welded by their raised edges 43 to parallel weld supports that are fixed in grooves 17 formed in the cover plate 16 of the secondary insulation panel 13.

[0119] In the transverse direction T, the dimensions of the strakes 40 are half the dimensions of the secondary insulation panels 13. In this embodiment, each second row of secondary insulation panels 13 in the longitudinal direction L is covered by half of the central strake and two side strakes. Thus, the side strakes span the second rows of two adjacent secondary insulation panels 13.

[0120] The strakes 40 are made of, for example, Invar®, and have a coefficient of expansion typically of 7.0×10 -6 K -1 Iron and manganese alloys of a certain degree can also be used.

[0121] 7 and 8, the layer of strakes 40 of the secondary sealing membrane 2 includes cut strakes 41, 42 that form square windows that align with the interrupted areas 20. The cut strakes 41, 42 include a central cut strake 41 that rests entirely on the singular second row of secondary insulation panels 13, and two side cut strakes 42 on either side of the central cut strake 41. The side cut strakes 42 each span the singular second row and the adjacent second row.

[0122] The central cut strake 41 is interrupted along its central edge over its entire width at window level. The lateral cut strakes 42 are interrupted along their lateral edges over their entire width at window level. The central and lateral edges of the cut strakes 41, 42 cover the edges of the closure sheet 31. To ensure the continuity of the secondary sealing membrane around the support legs, the cut strakes 41, 42 are hermetically welded to the closure sheet 31 at the overlapping edge level by covering the heads of the fixing screws 32.

[0123] Two metallic sealing strips 34, which are arranged across the two closure sheets 31 and the secondary closure plate 9, are also hermetically welded to the closure sheets 31 and the secondary closure plate 9. In the embodiment described, the sealing strips 34 are arranged on either side of the support leg 6, aligned with the longitudinal centerline A. The sealing strips 34 are made of, for example, the same material as the strakes 40, 41, 42, i.e. Invar® or a tungsten carbide (TTA) material having an expansion coefficient of typically 7.0×10 -6 K -1 It is made of an alloy of iron and manganese.

[0124] The closure sheet 31 and the sealing strip 34 thereby extend the secondary sealing membrane 3 up to the secondary sealing plate 9 .

[0125] In a variant not shown, the closing sheet 31 extends on the cover plate 16 of the secondary insulation panel 13 around the interruption area 20. In this case, the fixing screws 32 and grooves 26 may be offset on the cover plate 16 of the secondary insulation panel 13, in particular along the edge adjacent to the interruption area 20. Otherwise, the secondary sealing membrane 2 is produced as described above.

[0126] Figures 7 and 8 show another embodiment of the secondary insulating barrier 2 around the support leg 6. Elements similar or identical to those in the embodiment of Figures 3 and 4 are numbered with the same reference numbers increased by 100. In this embodiment, the four sectors of the interrupted area are separated from each other by diagonals of the interrupted area 20. The intersection of the diagonal in the centre of the interrupted area 20 coincides with the intersection of the support wall 1 with the axis of rotation R of the body of the support leg 6.

[0127] The filler panel 121 has a single distal side that is the same size as the side of the secondary insulation panel 13. In addition, two diagonal sides extend to align with the diagonals of the interruption areas 20.

[0128] The shape of the filler panels around the support legs 6 can be further modified. The number of filler panels can be more or less than four, for example two. In a variant not shown, the secondary sealing plate 9 can be slightly larger and partially cover the filler panels around the support legs 6.

[0129] 9, the primary insulation barrier 4 comprises a number of primary insulation panels 50 in the form of parallelepiped blocks fixed to the secondary insulation barrier 2 by primary retention elements 19 supported by secondary insulation panels 13. The primary retention elements 19 may be manufactured in various ways, for example as described in WO 2019 / 234360 or FR 2 887 010 A1.

[0130] The primary insulation panel 50 has the same dimensions as the secondary insulation panel 13, but the thickness of the bottom wall through the thickness thereof may be different, in particular smaller, than the secondary insulation panel 13. In other embodiments, the primary insulation panel 50 may have other dimensions, in particular may be in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped block with a rectangular base.

[0131] The primary insulation panels 50 are arranged side by side in a parallel first row, or more precisely, in a pattern that repeats in the longitudinal direction L and the transverse direction T, covering the secondary sealing membrane 3 with the primary insulation panels 50.

[0132] In this embodiment, the first row is offset in the longitudinal direction L and transverse direction T from the second row by half the length of the secondary insulation panels 13. Thus, each primary insulation panel 50 in the first row spans the four secondary insulation panels 13 in the two adjacent second rows below it. The primary retention members 19 are positioned in the center of the cover plates 16 of the secondary insulation panels 13 and cooperate with the corners of the four adjacent primary insulation panels 50.

[0133] In other embodiments not described, the offset between the first and second rows in the longitudinal direction L and / or transverse direction T may be of different magnitude, and the primary retention members 19 may be positioned elsewhere on the cover plate 16 of the secondary insulation panel 13, but may be positioned away from the raised edges 43 of the strakes 40 so as not to interfere with the raised edges 43 of the strakes 40.

[0134] 9 to 11, the manufacture of the primary insulating barrier 4 around the support leg 6 will be described.

[0135] 9, two distinct first rows overlapping a distinct second row in the longitudinal direction L abut the interrupted region 20. The first and second distinct first rows each include two truncated primary insulation panels 51 aligned with the interrupted region 20. The truncated primary insulation panels 51 are separated in pairs by longitudinal interface lines C and lateral interface lines D that overlap the longitudinal centerline A and lateral centerline B of the interrupted region 20, respectively.

[0136] Each truncated primary insulation panel 51 has a truncated edge 57 facing the body, which has a semicircular cutout through its thickness to receive the support leg 6. The cutout is formed between two lateral ends of the truncated edge 57, a first end being located at the level of the longitudinal interface line C and a second end being located at the level of the lateral interface line D.

[0137] The construction of the primary insulation panel 50 and the trimmed primary insulation panel 51 is similar to that of the secondary insulation panel 13 and the filler panel 21, i.e., a sandwich construction with an insulating polymer foam layer 53 sandwiched between a bottom plate 52 and a cover plate 54. The bottom plate 52 and the cover plate 54 are made of, for example, plywood. In other embodiments, the primary insulation panel 50 and the trimmed primary insulation panel 51 may have other common constructions, such as those described in WO 2012 / 127141 or WO 2019 / 234360.

[0138] The cover plate 54 and insulating polymer foam layer 53 of the primary insulation panel 50 and the truncated primary insulation panel 51 may be provided with relief slots 55 that divide the cover plate 54 and insulating polymer foam layer 53 into multiple sections and prevent cracking during cool down, as seen in Figures 1 and 10.

[0139] The truncated primary insulation panel 51 is held on the secondary sealing membrane 3 by the primary retaining members 19 at the level of its three corners on the non-truncated side. However, depending on the mechanical loads it is subjected to, fixing the truncated primary insulation panel 51 only at the three corners on the non-truncated side may not be sufficient. In addition, the four truncated primary insulation panels 51 are held on the secondary sealing membrane 3 by four additional primary anchoring members 61 fixed to the secondary sealing plate 9. Each of the four additional primary anchoring members 61 cooperates with two of the four truncated primary insulation panels 51.

[0140] More specifically, two first additional primary anchoring members 61 fixed to the secondary closure plate 9 at the level of the longitudinal interface line C cooperate with the first and second cut primary insulation panels of the first and second differential first rows, respectively. Two second additional primary anchoring members 61 fixed to the secondary closure plate 9 at the level of the transverse interface line D cooperate with the first and second cut primary insulation panels 51 of the first and second differential first rows, respectively.

[0141] 10 and 11 show more precisely the structure of the additional primary anchoring member 61. FIG.

[0142] The trimmed primary insulation panel 51 has a rectangular well 68 at each of the two lateral ends of its trimmed edge 57, which extends through the cover plate 54, the insulating polymer foam layer 53, and the bottom plate 52 but exposes an inner surface area of ​​the bottom plate 52.

[0143] When the trimmed primary insulation panels 51 are assembled around the support leg 6, the two rectangular wells 68 of two adjacent trimmed primary insulation panels 51 are joined to form a recess aligned with the longitudinal interface line C or the lateral interface line D for receiving an additional primary anchor member 61.

[0144] Each additional primary anchor member 61 comprises a rod 36 welded to the secondary closure plate 9. The rod 36 passes through a rectangular anchor plate 63 and abuts the secondary closure plate 9 by shims 66 and abuts the inner surface areas of the two bottom plates 52 of adjacent truncated primary insulation panels 51 by cleats 67.

[0145] The nuts 65 cooperate with threads on the upper ends of the rods 36 to hold the anchor plate 63 securely on the rods 36. One or more resilient washers 64 of the Belleville type are threaded onto the rods 36 between the nuts 65 and the anchor plate 63, thereby providing a secure resiliently fixed fit for the truncated primary insulation panel 51 on the secondary sealing plate 9.

[0146] A spacer 69 is placed on the anchor plate 63. The spacer 69 has a central housing that receives the upper end of the rod 36, the Belleville washer 64, and the nut 65. This central housing can have various shapes, such as a cylindrical hole coaxial with the rod 36, or a rectangular cutout as shown (so that the overall shape of the spacer 69 is an inverted U with two prongs on either side of the central housing). The spacer 69 supports an insulating plug 62 that ensures the continuity of the primary insulation at the level of the additional primary anchor element 61. The insulating plug is covered by a cover plate 93 that reaches up to the level of the upper surface of the truncated primary insulation panel 51.

[0147] Preferably, the anchor plate 63 is made of stainless steel, an alloy of iron and nickel (e.g., Invar®, whose coefficient of expansion is typically 1.2×10 -6 K -1 ~2.0×10-6 K -1 (inclusive), alloys of iron and manganese (expansion coefficient is 2.0 x 10 -5 K -1 Less than 7.0 × 10 -6 K -1 The metal is selected from the following:

[0148] Preferably, the shims 66 , cleats 67 and spacers 69 are made of wood, which makes it possible to limit thermal bridging towards the secondary sealing plate 9 at the level of the additional primary anchoring members 61 .

[0149] The manufacture of the primary sealing membrane 5 around the support legs 6 will now be described with reference to FIGS.

[0150] 12, the primary sealing membrane 5 is composed of a continuous layer of rectangular plates 70, 71, 72. The upper surfaces of these plates are provided with longitudinal corrugations 76 extending in the longitudinal direction L and transverse corrugations 75 extending in the transverse direction T, which protrude toward the inside of the sealed and insulated tank, flat portions 85 resting on the cover plates 54 of the primary insulation panels 50, and truncated primary insulation panels 51 between the corrugations. The longitudinal corrugations 76 are therefore parallel to the raised edges 43 of the strakes of the secondary sealing membrane 4. The transverse corrugations 75 are perpendicular to the raised edges 43 of the strakes of the secondary sealing membrane 4. Preferably, the transverse corrugations 75 are higher than the longitudinal corrugations 76.

[0151] The transverse corrugations 75 are regularly spaced according to a first wave pitch, and the longitudinal corrugations 76 are regularly spaced according to a second wave pitch. In this embodiment, the first wave pitch and the second wave pitch are equal, so the following description will refer only to "wave pitch." In other embodiments, the first wave pitch and the second wave pitch may be different.

[0152] The rectangular plates preferably have longitudinal and transverse dimensions L, T, that are integer multiples of the wave pitch and integer multiples of the dimensions of the primary insulation panel. The rectangular plates are welded together with small overlap areas along their edges. Figure 12 shows only the weld joints 83 between the transverse edges of rectangular plates 70, 71, and 72.

[0153] In the illustrated embodiment, the primary sealing membrane 5 consists essentially of rectangular plates 70 (partially shown) whose dimensions are nine times the wave pitch in the transverse direction T and three times the wave pitch in the longitudinal direction L. Each rectangular plate 70 therefore has nine longitudinal corrugations and three transverse corrugations. However, to allow the passage of the support legs 6, the continuous layer of rectangular plates forming the primary sealing membrane is cut to define windows around the support legs.

[0154] Thus, the first truncated rectangular plate 71 has a truncated edge 73 and the second truncated rectangular plate 72 has a truncated edge 74. The truncated edges 73 and 74 define a window having a substantially octagonal outline. The two truncated rectangular plates 71 and 72 are not symmetrical.

[0155] The truncated edge 73 is the longest and extends from the weld joint 83 of the two truncated rectangular plates 71 and 72 towards the inside of the first truncated rectangular plate 71, forming: - a longitudinal straight section extending between the longitudinal corrugations 76 of rows 3 and 4 of the first truncated rectangular plate 71 and interrupting the two transverse corrugations 75 of rows 1 and 2 of the first truncated rectangular plate 71. (The rows of longitudinal corrugations 76 are counted from the left side of Figure 12. The rows of transverse corrugations 75 are counted from the weld joint 83 of the two truncated rectangular plates 71 and 72.) - an inclined portion intersecting a flat portion 85 located between the longitudinal corrugations 76 of rows 3 and 4 and between the transverse corrugations 75 of rows 2 and 3; a transverse straight section extending between the transverse corrugations 75 of rows 2 and 3 and interrupting the two longitudinal corrugations 76 of rows 4 and 5 of the first truncated rectangular plate 71; - another symmetrical inclined section and another longitudinally straight section, continuing up to the welded joint 83 between the two truncated rectangular plates 71 and 72;

[0156] The truncated edge 74 is the shortest and extends from the weld joint 83 between the two truncated rectangular plates 71 and 72 towards the inside of the second truncated rectangular plate 72, forming: - an inclined section that intersects with the flat section located between the longitudinal corrugations 76 of rows 3 and 4 and between the lateral edge of the second truncated rectangular plate 72 and the lateral corrugation 75 of row 1, and does not interrupt the lateral corrugation 75. a transverse straight section extending between the transverse edge of the truncated rectangular plate 72 of row 2 and the transverse corrugation 75 of row 1, interrupting the two longitudinal corrugations 76 of rows 4 and 5 of the second truncated rectangular plate 72; Another inclined section extending symmetrically up to the weld joint 83 between the two truncated rectangular plates 71 and 72.

[0157] Returning to Figure 9, metal anchor strips 58, 59, 60 are secured to the cover plates 54 of the primary insulation panel 50 and the truncated primary insulation panel 51. Each anchor strip 58, 59, 60 is secured to the spot facing of the cover plate 54 by suitable means such as screws or rivets and / or adhesives.

[0158] More specifically, a first anchor strip 59 (e.g., four first anchor strips 59) is positioned between each lateral edge of the primary insulation panel 50 or the truncated primary insulation panel 51 and the nearest relief slot 55, a second anchor strip 58 (e.g., four second anchor strips 58) is positioned between each longitudinal edge of the primary insulation panel 50 or the truncated primary insulation panel 51 and the nearest relief slot 55, and a third anchor strip 60 (e.g., four third anchor strips 60) is positioned between each corner of the primary insulation panel 50 or the truncated primary insulation panel 51 and the nearest relief slot 55. However, in the truncated primary insulation panel 51, the truncated edge 57 eliminates one corner and therefore one of the third anchor strips 60. Furthermore, the truncated edge 57 may also omit the first anchor strips 59 and the second anchor strips 58.

[0159] The first anchor strips 59 allow welds 81 to be made with flat portions 85 of the rectangular plates 70, 71, 72, such that the flat portions 85 spanning the interface between two cut-off primary insulation panels 51 in a singular row 49, i.e., the lateral interface line D, or the interface between a cut-off primary insulation panel 51 and a primary insulation panel 50 in a singular row 49, are welded to two first anchor strips 59 on either side of the interface. Similarly, the second anchor strips 58 allow welds 82 to be made with flat portions 85 of the rectangular plates 70, 71, 72, such that the flat portions 85 spanning the longitudinal interface line C between two singular rows 49, for example, between two cut-off primary insulation panels 51 or two primary insulation panels 50, are welded to two second anchor strips 59 on either side of the longitudinal interface line C. Similarly, the third anchor strips 60 make it possible to create welds 84 with the flat portions 85 of the rectangular plates 70, 71, 72, and the flat portions 85 spanning the joints between the four adjacent corners belonging to two truncated primary insulation panels 51 and two primary insulation panels 50, respectively, are welded to the four third anchor strips 60 at each of the four corners of the panels.

[0160] In either case, the welded flats provide a mechanical connection between the mating insulation panels, preventing separation of the insulation panels and distributing deformation of the support structure evenly throughout the primary insulation barrier. Welds 81, 82, and 84 can be plug welds or transparent welds. Further details about welds 81, 82, and 84 are described in WO 2022 / 074148.

[0161] To ensure the continuity of the primary sealing membrane 5 at the level of the window formed by the truncated edges 73 and 74, a sealing assembly of connecting pieces is created between the support leg 6 and the truncated rectangular plates 71 and 72. More precisely, two semi-ring-shaped connecting plates 79 and 80 are welded to the primary sealing plate 11 around the support leg 6, which extends radially beyond the truncated edges 57 of the four truncated primary insulation panels 51. The two connecting plates 79 and 80 are arranged on the spot facings 86 of the primary sealing plate 11 and on the spot facings 87 of the four truncated primary insulation panels 51 so as not to create any extra thickness. Here, the inner edges of the connecting plates 79 and 80 define a circular contour, while the outer edges of the connecting plates 79 and 80 define a square contour corresponding to the edge of the spot facing 87 shown in FIG. 9 .

[0162] The truncated rectangular plate 71 extends across the two connecting plates 79 and 80, with the truncated edge 73 being hermetically welded to the two connecting plates 79 and 80. Similarly, the truncated edge 74 is hermetically welded to the connecting plate 80. Note that the joint 88 between the two connecting plates 79 and 80 is offset from the weld joint 83.

[0163] Here, two connection plates 79 and 80 are used, however, more or less connection plates may be used to achieve the same connection.

[0164] Since the diameter of the support leg 6 is larger than the wave pitch, two transverse corrugations 75 are interrupted by truncated edges 73 at the level of the window surrounding the support leg 6. The ends of the interrupted transverse corrugations 75 are hermetically closed at the level of the window by end pieces 77. Similarly, two longitudinal corrugations 76 are interrupted by truncated edges 73 and 74 at the level of the window surrounding the support leg 6. The ends of the interrupted longitudinal corrugations 76 are hermetically closed at the level of the window by end pieces 78. The end pieces 77 and 78 have flanges that are welded to two connecting plates 79 and 80. Details of the manufacture of the end pieces are described in WO 2011 / 157915.

[0165] In a variant not shown, the truncated rectangular plate 71 having a length 9 times the wave pitch in the transverse direction T is replaced by a number of truncated rectangular plates having the same width in the longitudinal direction L but shorter in the transverse direction T than the truncated rectangular plate 71.

[0166] According to a first example, the truncated rectangular plate 71 is replaced by two truncated rectangular plates, each 5 and 4 times the wave pitch of the transverse T. In this case, the weld joint between the two truncated rectangular plates is aligned with the longitudinal interface line C, i.e., is located on the same flat as the weld 82.

[0167] According to a second example, the truncated rectangular plate 71 is replaced by three truncated rectangular plates, respectively 3, 2 and 4 times the wave pitch of the transverse T. In this case, the weld joints between the three truncated rectangular plates are located at the level of the two inclined parts of the truncated edge 73.

[0168] In either case, the truncated edges 73 are cut successively from the various juxtaposed truncated rectangular plates.

[0169] 14 to 18, the structure of the ceiling wall of the sealed insulated tank through which the steam collector pipe 206 penetrates will be described. Components similar to or identical to the components of the tank wall having the support legs as the penetration elements described above will be numbered with the same reference numbers as in Figures 1 to 12, but with 200 added.

[0170] A vapor collector pipe 206 passes through the wall of the upper part of the tank (typically the ceiling wall) to collect the vapor phase in the tank. The vapor collector pipe 206 may be part of a gas dome structure that also performs other functions, according to known techniques. Gas dome structures are described, for example, in WO 2013 / 093261.

[0171] For now, it is sufficient to state that the gas dome structure comprises a vapor collector pipe 206 that opens into the interior of the tank, and an outer tube 400 that surrounds the vapor collector pipe 206 and opens into the interior of the primary insulating barrier 204. As previously mentioned, the gas dome structure is located in an area of ​​interruption in the secondary insulating barrier.

[0172] As shown in Figure 14, a primary sealing plate 211 surrounds the vapor collector pipe 206, and a secondary sealing plate 209 surrounds the outer tube 400. As before, four filler panels (not shown) are positioned within the secondary insulating barrier around the outer tube 400, where the filler panels have the shape shown in Figure 7.

[0173] The closure sheets 231 cover the filler panels and extend over the cover plates 216 of the secondary insulation panels 213 around the interruption areas. Fixing screws 232 secure the edges of the closure sheets 231 to the cover plates 216 of the secondary insulation panels 213. Each closure sheet 231 also has a circular inner edge that is hermetically welded to the secondary closure plate 209 around the outer tube 400.

[0174] 15, to ensure the continuity of the secondary sealing membrane around the outer tube 400, the cut strakes 241 and 242 are hermetically welded to the closure sheet 231 at the level of their overlapping edges by covering the heads of the fixing screws 232. Each sealing strip 234 spans two closure sheets 231 and is located on the cut strakes 242 and on the secondary sealing plate 209.

[0175] In the primary insulation barrier, four truncated primary insulation panels 251 surround the primary sealing plate 211. As shown in Figures 16 and 18, in addition to relief slots 255, the truncated primary insulation panels 251 have grooves 90 that open into the bottom plate 252 to receive the raised edges 243 of the secondary sealing membrane.

[0176] A rectangular well 268 extends through the cover plate 254 and the insulating polymer foam layer 253 to expose an area of ​​the interior surface of the bottom plate 252. A cleat 267 is secured to this interior surface of the bottom plate 252.

[0177] 17 shows that the anchor plate 263 abuts the cleats 267 of two adjacent truncated primary insulation panels 251 (only one of the two truncated primary insulation panels 251 is shown) on one side of the rod 236, and abuts the edge 91 of the outer tube 400 that extends beyond the secondary closure plate 209 on the other side of the rod 236. Therefore, no shims 66 are used. Otherwise, the fixing method for the truncated primary insulation panels 251 is similar to that for the truncated primary insulation panels 51.

[0178] As shown in Figure 18, the arrangement of the primary sealing membranes remains unchanged. Specifically, first truncated rectangular panel 271 has truncated edge 273, and second truncated rectangular panel 272 has truncated edge 274. Trimmed edges 273 and 274 define a window around the periphery of primary sealing plate 211 having a substantially octagonal outline.

[0179] Referring to Figure 13, a cross-section of a methane tanker ship 1070 shows a generally prismatic sealed insulated tank 1000 mounted within a double hull 1072 of a hull. The tank wall is composed of at least one sealed membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas within the tank, and at least one insulating barrier disposed between the sealed membrane and the double hull 1072.

[0180] In a manner known per se, a loading / unloading pipe 1073 located on the upper deck of the ship may be connected by suitable connectors to a marine or port terminal to transfer liquefied gas cargo to and from the sealed insulated tank 1000.

[0181] FIG. 13 shows an example of a marine terminal with a loading / unloading station 1075, submerged pipes 1076, and onshore facilities 1077. The loading / unloading station 1075 is a fixed offshore facility consisting of a movable arm 1074 and a tower 1078 that supports the movable arm 1074. The movable arm 1074 carries a bundle of insulated flexible hoses 1079 that can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 1073. The steerable movable arm 1074 can be adjusted to fit methane tankers of any size. A connecting line (not shown) extends into the tower 1078. The loading / unloading station 1075 allows the vessel 1070 to be loaded and unloaded from the onshore facilities 1077. The facility includes a liquefied gas storage tank 1080 and a connecting line 1081 connected to the loading / unloading station 1075 via the submerged pipes 1076. The underwater pipes 1076 transport the liquefied gas over long distances, e.g., 5 km, between the loading / unloading station 1075 and the onshore facility 1077, thereby allowing the vessel 1070 to stay far from shore during loading and unloading operations.

[0182] Pumps on board the vessel 1070 and / or pumps provided at the onshore facility 1077 and / or pumps provided at the loading / unloading station 1075 are used to generate the pressure required to transfer the liquefied gas.

[0183] Although the present invention has been described with reference to some particular embodiments, it is clear that the invention is not limited thereto, but also includes within its scope all technical equivalents of the described means and combinations thereof.

[0184] Use of the verbs "comprise" or "include", including where conjugated, does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those stated in a claim.

[0185] In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as construing as limiting the claim.

Claims

1. A sealed, insulated tank placed within a support structure for containing a fluid, Tank wall and, Penetration element (6,400), Equipped with, The tank wall is fixed to the support wall (1) of the support structure and includes at least one heat insulating barrier (2) and one sealing membrane (3) supported by the heat insulating barrier (2), extending in the thickness direction from the outside to the inside of the sealed heat insulating tank. The thermal insulation barrier (2) includes a plurality of thermal insulation panels (13) in the shape of parallelepiped blocks fixed to the support wall (1), the plurality of thermal insulation panels (13) arranged in parallel rows, the rows including a plurality of thermal insulation panels (13) arranged in a repeating pattern in a first direction (L), the plurality of rows being arranged in a second direction (T) perpendicular to the first direction (L), and a unique row of the plurality of rows including an interruption region (20) whose dimension in the first direction is equal to the dimension of the repeating pattern. The sealing membrane (3) includes a plurality of strakes (40, 41, 42) made of an alloy with a low coefficient of thermal expansion parallel to the first direction, each strake (40, 41, 42) having a planar central portion that rests on the upper surface (161) of the insulating panel (13) and two raised edges (43) projecting toward the interior of the tank relative to the planar central portion, the strakes (40, 41, 42) are arranged in a repeating pattern in the second direction and welded in a sealed state at the level of the raised edges (43) Anchor flanges, fixed to the insulation panel (13) and parallel to the first direction, are positioned between the juxtaposed strakes (40, 41, 42) to hold the sealing membrane (3) on the insulation barrier (2), the dimensions of the strakes (40, 41, 42) in the second direction being smaller than the dimensions of the insulation panel in the second direction, and the strakes (40, 41, 42) include a plurality of cut strakes (41, 42; 241, 242) that form windows aligned with the interrupted region (20), The penetrating element (6, 400) is positioned to penetrate the tank wall, and the penetrating element (6, 400) penetrates the thermal insulation barrier (2) in the central portion of the interrupted region (20) and penetrates the sealing membrane (3) in the central portion of the window, and the penetrating element (6, 400) comprises a body extending in the thickness direction of the tank wall and a sealing plate (9, 209) parallel to the support wall (1) and connected to the peripheral edge of the body, extending around the body at the same level as the upper surface (161) of the thermal insulation panel (13, 213), The thermal insulation barrier (2) is positioned in the interrupted region (20) around the penetrating element (6, 400) and includes at least one filling panel (21, 121) fixed to the support wall (1), and at least one metal closing sheet (31, 231) in contact with the upper surface of the at least one filling panel (21, 121), the closing sheet (31, 231) having a first edge welded in a sealed state to the sealing plate (9, 209) around the main body, The cut strakes (41, 42; 241, 242) have edges that sandwich the window, and the edges cover the second edge of the at least one closing sheet (31, 231) and are welded to the at least one closing sheet (31, 231) in a sealed state, thereby extending the sealing membrane (3) to the sealing plate (9, 209). A sealed, insulated tank.

2. The aforementioned insulation panels (13, 213) have a square cross-section with the same dimensions in the first and second directions. A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 1.

3. The sealing plate (9, 209) has a circular contour. A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 1.

4. The tank wall includes four identical filling panels (21) arranged in four sectors of the interrupted region (20), The four sectors are separated from each other by a first center line (A) of the interruption region (20) extending in the first direction and a second center line (B) of the interruption region extending in the second direction. A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 1.

5. The tank wall includes four identical filling panels (121) located in each of the four sectors of the interrupted region (20), The four sectors are separated from each other by the first and second diagonals of the interruption region (20). A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 1.

6. The main body has a circular contour shape, The at least one filling panel (21, 121) has a proximal surface (311) that extends in the thickness direction and faces the main body, The proximal surface (311) has an arc shape. A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 1.

7. One of the aforementioned filling panels (21, 121) is The proximal surface (311) extending in the thickness direction and facing the main body, Extending in the thickness direction and facing the thermal insulation panel (13) adjacent to the interrupted region (20), It has, The closing sheet (31) is fixed to the upper surface by a fixing piece (32) positioned on the upper surface of the filling panel (21, 121) along one of the distal side surfaces (312), The edges of the cut strakes (41, 42) are positioned to cover the fixing piece (32). A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 1.

8. The filling panel (21, 121) includes a cover plate (24) that forms the upper surface of the filling panel (21), The cover plate (24) includes a spot facing (26) for receiving the fixing piece (32). A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 7.

9. The aforementioned columns are juxtaposed in a repeating pattern in the second direction, The dimensions of the repeating pattern in the row are twice the dimensions of the repeating pattern of the strakes (40, 41, 42) in the second direction. The cut strakes (41, 42; 241, 242) are placed on the singular row and include a central cut strake (41, 241) and two lateral cut strakes (42, 242) located on either side of the central cut strake (41, 241). The raised edge (43) of the central cut strake (41, 241) is offset in the second direction with respect to the edge of the singular row, The central cut strake (41, 241) is fully positioned on the special row and is interrupted across its entire width at the level of the window. Each of the aforementioned lateral cut strakes (42, 242) is adjacent to the aforementioned singular row. It spans across columns, and a portion of its width is interrupted at the level of the aforementioned window. A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 1.

10. The main body has a circular contour shape, and the diameter of the main body parallel to the first direction is aligned with the central portion of the central cut strake (41, 241) in the plane. A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 9.

11. The aforementioned insulating barrier is a secondary insulating barrier (2), The aforementioned sealing membrane is a secondary sealing membrane (3), The aforementioned column is the second column, The aforementioned insulation panel is a secondary insulation panel (13), The aforementioned singular column is singular second column, The tank wall further extends in the thickness direction from the inside to the outside of the sealed insulated tank. A primary insulating barrier (4) supported by the secondary sealing membrane (3), A primary sealing membrane (5) supported by the primary insulating barrier (4), Includes, The primary sealing membrane (5) is intended to come into contact with the fluid in the sealed insulated tank. The primary insulating barrier (4) includes a plurality of first rows parallel to the first direction, One of the first rows includes a plurality of primary insulation panels (50) arranged side by side in the first direction, The primary insulation panel (50) takes the shape of a parallelepiped block having dimensions equal to the dimensions of the secondary insulation panel (13) in the second direction. The first row is offset in the second direction relative to the second row, so that each first row spans two second rows. The primary holding members (19, 219) are supported by the secondary insulation panels (13, 213) and cooperate with the primary insulation panel (50) to hold the primary insulation panel (50) on the secondary sealing membrane (3). Of the aforementioned first columns, the first unique first column and the second unique first column are stacked on top of the unique second column. The first and second distinct first rows each include at least one trimmed primary insulation panel (51, 251) trimmed to fit within the interrupted region (20), Each trimmed primary insulation panel (51, 251) has a trimmed edge (57) facing the main body, The trimmed edge (57) extends away from the first interface line (C) in order to bypass the main body, The first interface line (C) is located between the first singular first row and the second singular first row and is parallel to the first direction (L). A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 1.

12. The first additional primary anchor member (61) is fixed to the sealing plate (9, 209) along the first interface line (C) and cooperates with the first trimmed primary insulation panel (51, 251) of the first unique first row and the first trimmed primary insulation panel (51, 251) of the second unique first row to hold the first trimmed primary insulation panel (51, 251) on the sealing plate (9, 209). A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 11.

13. The first row is offset in the second direction (T) by half the dimension of the secondary insulation panel (13) relative to the second row. The first interface line (C) is the first center line (A) of the interruption region (20) This matches, A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 11.

14. The first unique first row and the second unique first row each include a second cut-down primary insulation panel (51, 251) adjacent to the first cut-down primary insulation panel (51, 251), Two first additional primary anchor members (61) are fixed to the sealing plate (9, 209) on both sides of the main body, aligned with the first interface line (C), and cooperate with the first and second trimmed primary insulation panels (51, 251) of the first and second unique first rows, respectively, to hold the first and second trimmed primary insulation panels (51, 251) on the sealing plate (9, 209). A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 11.

15. Two second additional primary anchor members (61) are fixed to the sealing plate (9, 209) on both sides of the main body, aligned with the second interface line (D), and cooperate with the first and second trimmed primary insulation panels (51, 251) of the first and second special first rows, respectively, to hold the first and second trimmed primary insulation panels (51, 251) on the sealing plate (9, 209). A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 14.

16. The first trimmed primary insulation panel (51, 251) has a multilayer structure in the thickness direction from the outside to the inside of the tank, consisting of an outer rigid plate (52, 252), an insulating polymer foam layer (53, 253), and an inner rigid plate (54, 254). The first trimmed primary insulation panel includes rectangular wells (68, 268) that penetrate the inner rigid plates (54, 254) and the insulation polymer foam layer (53, 253) to expose the inner surface region of the outer rigid plate (52, 252), The first primary additional anchor member (61, 261) includes an anchor plate (63, 263) that contacts the inner surface region of the outer rigid plate (52, 252) of the first shortened primary insulation panel (51, 251). A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 12.

17. The additional primary anchor member (61) comprises a rod (36, 236) fixed to the sealing plate (9, 209) and a cleat (67, 267) in contact with the inner surface region of the outer rigid plate (52, 252), The anchor plates (63, 263) are placed on the cleats (67, 267), and the upper part of the rods (36, 236) penetrates the anchor plates (63, 263). The additional primary anchor member (61) comprises a nut (65) and at least one washer (64), The nut (65) cooperates with the upper part of the rod (36, 236), The at least one washer (64) is screwed onto the rod (36) between the nut (65) and the anchor plate (63, 263). A sealed, insulated tank according to claim 16.

18. A ship (1070) for transporting liquefied gas, Double hull (1072) and, A sealed insulated tank (1000) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, disposed within the double hull (1072), A ship equipped with these features.

19. A liquefied gas transfer system, The ship (1070) according to claim 18, Insulated pipes (1073, 1076, 1079, 1081) are arranged to connect the sealed insulated tank (1000), which is located inside the double hull (1072) of the ship (1070), to a floating or land-based storage facility, A transport system including a transport system.

20. Use of a ship (1070) according to claim 18 for loading or unloading liquefied gas, A use in which liquefied gas is transported via insulated pipes (1073, 1079, 1076, 1081) from a floating or land-based storage facility (1077) to the sealed insulated tank of the ship (1070), or from the sealed insulated tank of the ship (1070) to the floating or land-based storage facility (1077).

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