Glass containing boron oxide and having a high refractive index

Abstract

The glass composition includes, as essential components, one or more of tungsten oxide (WO), boron oxide (BO), lanthanum oxide (LaO), niobia (NbO), titania (TiO), and zirconia (ZrO), and may optionally include yttria (YO), barium oxide (BaO), calcium oxide (CaO), antimony oxide (SbO), PO (phosphorus oxide), PbO (lead oxide), GeO (germania), and other components. The glass composition is characterized by a high refractive index and high transmittance in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to Dutch Patent Application No. 2034604, filed April 18, 2023, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 447,193, filed February 21, 2023, the contents of which are relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to borate and silicon borate glasses having high refractive index and low density. [Background technology]

[0003] Glasses are used in a variety of optical devices, including augmented reality devices, virtual reality devices, mixed reality devices, eyewear, and the like. Desirable properties for this type of glass often include a high refractive index and low density. Additional desirable properties may include high transmittance in the visible and near-ultraviolet (near-UV) range of the electromagnetic spectrum and / or low optical dispersion. Finding a glass that has the desired combination of these properties and can be formed from a composition with good glass-forming ability can be a challenge. For example, generally speaking, as the refractive index of a glass increases, its density also tends to increase. To increase the refractive index of glass without increasing its density, species such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 are often added. However, these materials often absorb blue and UV light, which can undesirably reduce the glass's transmittance in these regions of the spectrum. Often, attempts to increase the refractive index of a glass without reducing its transmittance in the blue and UV regions of the spectrum while maintaining low density can result in a decrease in the material's glass-forming ability. For example, crystallization and / or liquid-liquid phase separation can occur during cooling of the glass melt at cooling rates generally accepted in the industry. Typically, a decrease in glass-forming ability is observed with increasing amounts of certain species, such as, for example, ZrO2, YO3, Sc2O3, and BeO.

[0004] Low-density, high-refractive-index glasses often belong to one of two types of chemical systems based on the glass formers used: (a) silicaborate or borosilicate glasses, in which SiO2 and / or B2O3 are used as the primary glass formers, and (b) phosphate glasses, in which P2O5 is used as the primary glass former. Glasses that rely on other oxides as the primary glass formers, such as GeO2, TeO2, Bi2O3, and V2O5, can be challenging to use due to cost, glass-forming ability, optical properties, and / or production requirements.

[0005] Phosphate glasses can be characterized by high refractive index and low density, but they can be challenging to produce due to the risk of volatilization of P2O5 from the melt and / or platinum incompatibility. In addition, phosphate glasses are often deeply colored and may require an extra bleaching step to provide a glass with the desired transmittance characteristics. Furthermore, phosphate glasses that exhibit high refractive index also tend to have increased optical dispersion.

[0006] Silicoborate and borate glasses are typically easier to produce and, in some cases, can exhibit high transmittance without a bleaching step. However, silicaborate and borosilicate glasses typically exhibit an increase in density when increasing the refractive index compared to phosphate glasses.

[0007] In light of these considerations, there is a need for borate and silicoborate glasses that have a high refractive index, low density, and high transmittance for blue light. Summary of the Invention

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a glass includes a plurality of components, the glass comprising: 0.3 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of Nb2O5; 0.3 mol.% or more and 15.0 mol.% or less of ZrO2; 0.0 mol.% or more and 28.0 mol.% or less of TiO2; 0.0 mol.% or more and 28.0 mol.% or less of La2O3; 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of P2O5; 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of PbO; 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of GeO2; 0 mol.% or more and 0.12 mol.% or less of Bi2O3; and 0.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of RE. m O n and a composition of components comprising: a total of B2O3+SiO2 of 5.0 mol.% or more and 35.0 mol.% or less, and optionally containing one or more components selected from CaO, BaO, ZnO, Na2O, WO3, Al2O3, Li2O, TeO2, KO, SrO, and MgO, wherein the composition of components satisfies the condition: 0≦min(RO, RE m O n , TiO2) [mol.%] ≦ 10, and the glass satisfies the condition: 2.092 ≦ P n ≤ 2.25, and P ν <28, wherein P ν is the dispersion parameter, calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the constituents according to formula (XXI),

number

number

[0009] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a glass includes a plurality of components, the glass comprising: 10.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of B2O3; 0.3 mol.% or more and 28.5 mol.% or less of TiO2; 0.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of SiO2; 0.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of P2O5; 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of PbO; 0.0E+00 at.% or more and 5.0E-03 at.% or less of Cu+Co; 0.0 mol.% or more and 28.5 mol.% or less of RE; m O n %, and the sum of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3 is 0.0 mol.% or more and 44.5 mol.% or less, the sum of R2O+RO is 0.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less, the sum of V+Fe+Cr+Ni is 0.0 at.% or more and 1.0 at.% or less, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from ZrO2, WO3, Al2O3, Bi2O3, GeO2, and TeO2, and the glass is sintered according to the condition: P n >1.8, and P Q420 -(31.1-14.1*P n )>0.000, where P n is the refractive index parameter calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the constituents according to formula (XXIII),

number

number

[0010] These and other aspects, objects, and features of the present disclosure will be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art upon review of the following specification, claims, and accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] 1 is a plot demonstrating the correlation between the parameter n365,est for estimating the refractive index at 365 nm and the measured value of the refractive index at 365 nm. [Figure 2a] 1 is a plot showing the total transmittance (expressed as a percentage) in the visible and UV range for several exemplary glasses prepared under different processing conditions. [Figure 2b] 10 is a plot showing the dependence of −ln(kλ) on the inverse wavelength. [Figure 2c] 2b is an enlargement of the plot shown in FIG. 2b in the UV range. [Figure 3] 1 is a plot showing the correlation between internal transmittance at a wavelength of 460 nm and the blue transmittance attribute Q420. [Figure 4] 1 is a plot showing the relationship between the Abbe number v and the dispersion parameter P calculated by equation (XXI) for several comparative and exemplary glasses, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] 2 is a plot showing the relationship between the blue transmittance attribute Q420 and the transmittance evaluation parameter PQ420 calculated by equation (XXII) for several comparative glasses and several exemplary glasses, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6]2 is a plot showing the relationship between the refractive index nd and the refractive index parameter Pn calculated by equation (XXIII) for several comparative glasses and several exemplary glasses, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] 1 is a plot illustrating the relationship between the refractive index parameter Pn and the transmittance evaluation parameter PQ420 for several comparative glasses and several exemplary glasses, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] 1 is a plot illustrating the relationship between the refractive index nd at 587.56 nm and the blue transmittance attribute Q420 for several comparative glasses and several exemplary glasses, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, example embodiments disclosing specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of various principles of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art, having had the benefit of this disclosure, that the present disclosure may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from the specific details disclosed herein. Moreover, descriptions of well-known devices, methods, and materials may be omitted so as not to obscure the description of various principles of the present disclosure. Finally, wherever applicable, like reference numerals refer to like elements.

[0013] Unless expressly stated otherwise, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a particular order. Thus, unless a method claim actually recites the order in which its steps are to be followed, or it is otherwise specifically stated in the claim or description that the steps are to be limited to a particular order, no order is intended to be inferred in any respect. This holds for any possible implicit basis for interpretation, including, but not limited to, the arrangement of steps or workflow, the apparent meaning derived from grammatical construction or punctuation, and logical considerations regarding the number or type of embodiments described in the specification.

[0014] As used herein, the term "and / or," when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition can contain A only, B only, C only, A and B in combination, A and C in combination, B and C in combination, or A, B, and C in combination.

[0015] Modifications of the present disclosure will occur to those skilled in the art and to those who make or use the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and described above are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined by the following claims as interpreted in accordance with patent law principles, including the doctrine of equivalents.

[0016] As used herein, the term "about" means that amounts, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not, and need not be, exact, but may be approximate and / or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding, measurement error, and the like, as well as other factors known to those of ordinary skill in the art. When the term "about" is used in describing a value or endpoint of a range, the disclosure should be understood to include the specific value or endpoint referenced. Regardless of whether a numerical value or endpoint of a range in the specification is recited as "about," the numerical value or endpoint of the range is intended to include two embodiments: one modified by "about" and one not modified by "about." It will further be understood that each endpoint of a range is significant both in relation to the other endpoint and independently of the other endpoint.

[0017] The term "constituent" refers to materials or compounds included in the glass-forming batch composition. Constituents include oxides, including, but not limited to, those represented by formulas (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII) and the claims. Representative constituents include B2O3, PO5, Al2O3, CuO, Cu2O, RO, RO, SnO2, MnO2, RE, and the like. m O n , SiO2, Ta2O5, ZnO, WO3, Nb2O5, TiO2, ZrO2, Bi2O3, TeO2, etc. Other representative constituents include halogens (e.g., F, Br, Cl). Whenever a constituent is included as a term in a mathematical formula or expression, it is understood that the constituent refers to the amount of the constituent in mol.% in the batch composition of the glass. For example, the expression "B2O3 + P2O5" refers to the sum of the amount of B2O3 in mol.% and the amount of P2O5 in mol.% in the batch composition of the glass. A mathematical formula or expression is any expression or expression that includes mathematical operators such as "+", "-", "*", " / ", "min", or "max".

[0018] Unless otherwise specified, the amounts or contents of components in a glass batch composition are expressed herein in units of mol.% (mole percent).

[0019] The term "formed from" can mean one or more of comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of. For example, a component formed from a particular material can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the particular material.

[0020] The terms "free" and "substantially free" are used interchangeably herein to refer to the amount and / or absence of a particular component in a glass composition that is not intentionally added to the glass composition. It is understood that the glass composition may contain trace amounts of the particular component as a contaminant or admixture in an amount less than 0.10 mol.%.

[0021] As used herein, the term "contaminant," when used to describe a component of a particular component in a glass composition, refers to a component of that component that is not intentionally added to the glass composition and is present in an amount less than 0.10 mol.%. A contaminant component may be unintentionally present in a glass composition as an impurity from a component of another component and / or due to migration of the contaminant component into the glass composition during processing of the composition.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the term "glass" is used to refer to glass made from the glass compositions disclosed herein.

[0023] The symbol "*" when used in any formula herein means multiplication.

[0024] The term "ln" when used in mathematical formulas means the natural logarithm.

[0025] Temperatures are expressed herein in units of °C (degrees Celsius).

[0026] Density is herein expressed in g / cm 3 It is expressed in units of .

[0027] The term "glass former" is used herein to refer to a component that, when present alone in a glass composition (i.e., without other components, except as contaminants), is capable of forming a glass upon cooling the melt at a rate of 300°C / min or less.

[0028] As used herein, the term "modifier" refers to an oxide of a monovalent or divalent metal, i.e., R2O or RO, where "R" represents a cation. Modifiers can be added to glass compositions to change the atomic structure of the melt and the resulting glass. In some embodiments, modifiers can change the coordination number of cations present in the glass former (e.g., boron in BO), which can result in the formation of a more polymerized atomic network and, as a result, provide better glass formation.

[0029] As used herein, the term "RO" refers to the total divalent metal oxide content, the term "RO" refers to the total monovalent metal oxide content, and the term "AlkO" refers to the total alkali metal oxide content. The term RO encompasses alkali metal oxides (AlkO) in addition to other monovalent metal oxides such as AgO, TlO, and HgO. As discussed below, in this disclosure, rare earth metal oxides are referred to herein by their standard formula (REO), in which the rare earth metal RE has a redox state of "+3," and therefore, rare earth metal oxides are not encompassed by the term RO.

[0030] As used herein, the term "rare earth metal" refers to the metals listed in the lanthanide series of the IUPAC periodic table, plus yttrium and scandium. As used herein, the term "rare earth metal oxide" is used to refer to oxides of rare earth metals in different redox states, such as "+3" for lanthanum in La2O3, "+4" for cerium in CeO2, and "+2" for europium in EuO. In general, the redox state of rare earth metals in oxide glasses can vary; in particular, the redox state can change during melting based on the batch composition and / or the redox conditions in the furnace in which the glass is melted and / or heat-treated (e.g., annealed). Unless otherwise specified, rare earth metal oxides are referred to herein by their standard formulas in which the rare earth metal has the redox state "+3." Thus, if a rare earth metal having a redox state other than "+3" is added to a batch of glass composition, the glass composition is recalculated by adding or removing some oxygen to maintain stoichiometry. For example, if CeO2 (cerium in redox state "+4") is used as a batch constituent, the resulting as-batched composition is recalculated assuming that 2 moles of CeO2 are equivalent to 1 mole of Ce2O3, and the resulting as-batched composition is expressed in terms of Ce2O3. As used herein, "RE" refers to a rare earth metal having a redox state other than "+3" that is added to a batch of glass composition. m O n The term "RE2O3" is used to refer to the total content of rare earth metal oxides in all redox states present, and the term "RE2O3" is used to refer to the total content of rare earth metal oxides in the "+3" redox state, also designated as "trivalent equivalent."

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, all compositions are expressed in terms of as-batched mole percent (mol%). As will be understood by those skilled in the art, various melting components (e.g., fluorine, alkali metals, boron, etc.) may be subject to different levels of volatilization during melting of the component (e.g., as a function of vapor pressure, melting time, and / or melting temperature). Therefore, the term "about" with respect to such components is intended to encompass values ​​within about 0.2 mol% when measuring the final article compared to the as-batched composition provided herein. With the foregoing in mind, substantial compositional equivalence between the final article and the as-batched composition is expected.

[0032] When fluorine or other halogens (chlorine, bromine, and / or iodine) are added to or present in an oxide glass, the molecular representation of the resulting glass composition may be expressed in a different manner. In this disclosure, the fluorine content, when present, as a single term is expressed in terms of atomic percent (at.%), which is determined based on the proportion of fluorine in the sum of all atoms in the glass composition multiplied by a factor of 100.

[0033] In this disclosure, the following method of expressing fluorine-containing compositions and concentration ranges is used: Concentration limits for all oxides (e.g., SiO, B, O, Na, etc.) are calculated based on the concentration of each cation (e.g., silicon [Si] + ], boron [B3 + ], sodium [Na + ] are presented under the assumption that they are initially present in the form of their corresponding oxides. When fluorine is present, a portion of the oxygen in the oxide is equivalently replaced by fluorine (i.e., one atom of oxygen is replaced by two atoms of fluorine) for purposes of calculating the concentrations of the components of the composition. The fluorine is assumed to be present in the form of silicon fluoride (SiF4); therefore, the sum of all oxides plus SiF4 is assumed to be 100 mole percent in all compositions.

[0034] Glass transition temperature (T g ) is measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a heating rate of 10 K / min after cooling from the melt to room temperature in air.

[0035] Measured density values ​​for glasses reported herein are 0.001 g / cm 3 g / cm2 in water using the Archimedes method 3 As used herein, density measurements at room temperature (d RT (designated as ) are shown as measured at 20°C or 25°C and encompass measurements taken at temperatures that may range from 20°C to 25°C. Room temperature may vary from about 20°C to about 25°C, but for purposes of this disclosure, the variation in density within the temperature range of 20°C to 25°C is considered to be less than 0.001 g / cm 3 It is understood that the error is expected to be smaller than the error in σ and therefore is not expected to affect the room temperature density measurements reported herein.

[0036] As used herein, good glass-forming ability refers to the resistance of a melt to devitrification as the material cools. Glass-forming ability can be measured by determining the critical cooling rate of the melt. "Critical cooling rate" or "v cr The term "critical cooling rate" is used herein to refer to the minimum cooling rate at which a melt of a given composition will form a crystal-free glass that is visible under an optical microscope at 500x magnification. The critical cooling rate can be used to measure the glass-forming ability of a composition, i.e., the ability of a melt of a given batch composition to form a glass when cooled. Generally speaking, the lower the critical cooling rate, the better the glass-forming ability of the batch composition.

[0037] "Liquidus temperature" (T liqThe term liquidus temperature is used herein to refer to the temperature above which a glass composition is completely liquid, with no crystallization of the constituent components of the glass. The liquidus temperature values ​​reported herein were obtained by measuring samples either using DSC or by isothermal holding of samples wrapped in platinum foil. For samples measured using DSC, powder samples were heated to 1250°C at 10 K / min. The end of the endothermic event corresponding to the melting of the crystals was taken as the liquidus temperature. For the second technique (isothermal holding), a glass block (approximately 1 cm) was used to hold the sample in a liquidus state to avoid volatilization. 3 ) was wrapped in platinum foil and placed in a furnace at a given temperature for 17 hours. The glass block was then observed under an optical microscope to examine the crystals.

[0038] The refractive index values ​​reported herein were measured at room temperature unless otherwise specified. The refractive index values ​​for the glass samples were measured using a Metricon Model 2010 prism coupler refractometer with an error of approximately ±0.0002. Using the Metricon, the refractive index of the glass samples was measured at multiple wavelengths, including approximately 406 nm, 473 nm, 532 nm, 633 nm, 828 nm, and 1064 nm. The measured dependence characterized the dispersion and was then fitted to the Cauchy law equation or the Sellmeier equation, allowing for the calculation of the refractive index of the sample at a given wavelength of interest between the measured wavelengths. The refractive index n d " or "n d The term "refractive index n" is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, which corresponds to the helium d-line wavelength. C The term "refractive index n" is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 656.3 nm. F The term "refractive index n" is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 486.1 nm. gThe term "refractive index n" is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 435.8 nm. 632.8 " or "n 632.8 The term "refractive index n" is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 632.80 nm. 365 " or "n 365 The term "refractive index" is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 365.00 nm.

[0039] As used herein, the term "high refractive index" or "high index" refers to a glass having a refractive index value n of at least 1.90, unless otherwise indicated. d When indicated, embodiments of the term "high refractive index" or "high refractive index" refer to a refractive index value of the glass that is at least 1.95 or greater, 2.00 or greater, or 2.05 or greater. The term "low refractive index" or "low index" refers to a refractive index value of the glass that is less than 1.90, n d Refers to...

[0040] The terms "dispersion" and "optical dispersion" are used interchangeably to refer to the difference or ratio of refractive indices of a glass sample at a given wavelength. One numerical measure of optical dispersion reported herein is the Abbe number, which is given by the formula: ν x =(n x -1) / (n F -n C ), where "x" in this disclosure represents one of the commonly used wavelengths (e.g., v d 587.56 nm [d line] for ν, or 589.3 nm [D line] for ν), n x is the refractive index at this wavelength (e.g., ν d Regarding n d , and ν D Regarding nD ), n F and n C are the refractive indices at wavelengths of 486.1 nm (F line) and 656.3 nm (C line), respectively. d and ν D The values ​​of ν vary very slightly, mostly within ±0.1% to ±0.2%. As reported herein, the dispersion of the glass samples is related to the Abbe number (ν d ), which can be expressed by the following formula: d =(n d -1) / (n F -n C ) characterizes the relationship between the refractive indices of a sample at three different wavelengths, where n d is the refractive index calculated at 587.56 nm (d line), and n F is the calculated refractive index at 486.1 nm, and n C is the calculated refractive index at 656.3 nm. A higher Abbe number corresponds to a lower optical dispersion.

[0041] As used herein, unless otherwise specified, "internal transmittance" or τ int The term τ is used to refer to the transmittance through a glass sample corrected for Fresnel losses. total The term "τ" is used to refer to the transmittance value without correction for Fresnel losses. int、d " and "τ total、d The terms "τ" and "τ" are used to refer to the internal and total transmittance, respectively, of a sample having a thickness d, where d is expressed in units of mm and corresponds to the path length of the optical signal through the sample. int、d、λ " and "τ total、d、λ and the internal transmittance τ at wavelength λ, respectively. int、d and total transmittance τ total、d where wavelength λ is expressed in units of nm. Unless otherwise specified, τ int , τ total , τ int、d , τ total、d , τ int、d、λ , and τtotal、d、λ is expressed on an absolute basis, rather than a percentage basis. Total transmittance of glass samples was measured on samples 1 to 10 mm thick with a Cary 5000 spectrometer at wavelengths from 250 nm to 800 nm, at a resolution of 1 nm, using an integrating sphere. Internal transmittance was calculated from 310 nm to 800 nm using the measured refractive index and the measured total transmittance, as discussed more fully below. For convenience, internal transmittance and total transmittance may be reported herein on a percentage basis, with values ​​ranging from 0% to 100%. Absolute transmittance, also referred to herein as transmittance on an absolute basis, is obtained from percent transmittance by dividing by 100.

[0042] Optical absorption coefficient k at a specific wavelength λ λ is used herein to characterize the reduction in intensity of light of wavelength λ due to absorption when light of wavelength λ passes through a sample of glass having a thickness of 10 mm. For a sample of any thickness d, the optical absorption coefficient k λ can be determined from the following form of the Beer-Lambert law, I=I0*exp(-k λ *(d / 10)) (I) where I is the intensity of light transmitted through the glass sample, I0 is the intensity of the incident light, d is the thickness of the sample in mm, "10" is the conversion factor from mm to cm, has dimensions mm / cm, and "exp" denotes the exponential function. The light absorption coefficient k is expressed in cm -1 It has dimensions of

[0043] The ratio I / I in equation (I) is the internal transmittance τ at wavelength λ on an absolute basis for a sample with thickness d. int、d、λ Therefore, the light absorption coefficient k λ is the internal transmittance τ at wavelength λ as follows: int、d、λ can be expressed in terms of k λ =-ln(τ int、d、λ / (d / 10)) (II) where "ln" means the natural logarithm. For a sample having a thickness of 10 mm, k λ The value of is determined by its internal transmittance τ int、10、λ It can be calculated from k λ =-ln(τ int、10、λ ). (III)

[0044] For a given material, such as optical glass, the optical absorption coefficient k λ is a function of wavelength λ. In principle, this dependence can have a complex mathematical form. However, for the purposes of this disclosure, −ln(k λ It has been empirically determined that the wavelength dependence of -ln(k) closely approximates a linear mathematical form as a function of inverse wavelength over a selected range of UV wavelengths. Specifically, over a selected range of UV wavelengths, -ln(k) λ ) is found to closely approximate the quantity Q calculated as a function of wavelength λ by equation (IV), -ln(k λ )≒Q λ =A UV +B UV *(1000 / [λ, nm]) (IV) In the formula, A UV and B UV is the linearity in the UV over the wavelength range of -ln(k λ ) is an empirical coefficient that can be evaluated from a linear best fit of the measured or calculated wavelength dependence, and Q λ refers to the exact result of the calculation according to formula (IV). The coefficient A for selected exemplary glasses of the present disclosure UV and B UV A specific example of determining the value of is given below.

[0045] ln(k λ ) decreases as the internal transmittance increases. For convenience of discussion in this disclosure, we will use -ln(k λ ), i.e., ln(k λ) increases as internal transmittance increases. For the wavelength and thickness range of interest for the exemplary glasses of this disclosure, including the UV and visible ranges, -ln(k λ ) typically ranges from about -5 to about +5.

[0046] The glass composition may include boron oxide (BO). According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, boron oxide may act as a glass former. As a glass former, BO may increase the liquidus viscosity and therefore inhibit crystallization. However, adding BO to a glass composition may cause liquid-liquid phase separation, which may lead to devitrification of the glass and / or a reduction in visible transmittance. Also, adding BO to a high refractive index glass reduces the refractive index. Therefore, the amount of boron oxide is limited. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain boron oxide (BO) in an amount of 0.0 mol.% to 35.0 mol.%, inclusive, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain B2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 5.0 mol.% or more, 10.0 mol.% or more, 15.0 mol.% or more, 15.5 mol.% or more, 16.75 mol.% or more, 18.0 mol.% or more, 20.0 mol.% or more, 25.0 mol.% or more, or 30.0 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain B2O3 in an amount of 35.0 mol.% or less, 30.0 mol.% or less, 25.0 mol.% or less, 24.0 mol.% or less, 23.0 mol.% or less, 21.0 mol.% or less, 20.0 mol.% or less, or 5.0 mol.% or less. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass composition may contain B2O3 in an amount of ≧10.0 mol.% and ≦30.0 mol.%, ≧15.0 mol.% and ≦25.0 mol.%, ≧15.5 mol.% and ≦24.0 mol.%, ≧16.75 mol.% and ≦23.0 mol.%, ≧18.18 mol.% and ≦21.0 mol.%, ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦35.0 mol.%, ≧5.0 mol.% and ≦20.0 mol.%, ≧10.0 mol.% and ≦20.0 mol.%, ≧15.5 mol.% and ≦20.0 mol.%, ≧18.0 mol.% and ≦35.0 mol.%, ≧18.0 mol.% and ≦20.0 mol.%.

[0047] The glass composition may contain silica (SiO). Silica may act as a glass former. Like B2O3, silica helps increase the liquidus viscosity (viscosity at the liquidus temperature) and therefore may inhibit crystallization. However, adding SiO2 to a glass composition may cause liquid-liquid phase separation, which may lead to devitrification and / or reduced transmittance of the glass. SiO2 is also a component that contributes to a low refractive index, making it difficult to achieve a glass with a high refractive index. Therefore, the SiO2 content may be limited, or the glass may be substantially free of SiO2. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain silica (SiO2) in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more to 35.0 mol.% or less, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain SiO2 in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 5.0 mol.% or more, 20.0 mol.% or more, 25.0 mol.% or more, or 30.0 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain SiO in an amount of 35.0 mol.% or less, 30.0 mol.% or less, 25.0 mol.% or less, 20.0 mol.% or less, or 5.0 mol.% or less. In still some embodiments, the glass composition may contain SiO in an amount of 0.0 mol.% to 30.0 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 20.0 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 35.0 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 5.0 mol.%, 5.0 mol.% to 35.0 mol.%, 5.0 mol.% to 20.0 mol.%, 20.0 mol.% to 35.0 mol.%, 20.0 mol.% to 25.0 mol.%, 25.0 mol.% to 35.0 mol.%, or 25.0 mol.% to 30.0 mol.%.

[0048] The glass composition may contain phosphorus oxide (PO) as an additional glass-forming agent. Higher amounts of PO may increase the melt viscosity at temperature, which may inhibit crystallization from the melt upon cooling and thus improve the glass-forming ability of the melt (i.e., reduce the critical cooling rate of the melt). However, PO may significantly decrease the refractive index. In addition, in some cases, PO may stimulate liquid-liquid phase separation, which may cause crystallization of the glass-forming melt upon cooling and / or loss of transmittance. Therefore, the PO content may be limited, or the glass may be free of PO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain PO in an amount from 0.0 mol.% to 30.0 mol.%, inclusive, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain P2O5 in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 5.0 mol.% or more, 10.0 mol.% or more, 20.0 mol.% or more, 24.0 mol.% or more, 26.0 mol.% or more, or 28.0 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain P2O5 in an amount of 30.0 mol.% or less, 28.0 mol.% or less, 26.0 mol.% or less, 24.0 mol.% or less, 20.0 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or less, or 5.0 mol.% or less. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass composition may contain P2O5 in an amount of 0.0 mol.% to 30.0 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 10.0 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 5.0 mol.%, 5.0 mol.% to 30.0 mol.%, 5.0 mol.% to 10.0 mol.%, 10.0 mol.% to 30.0 mol.%, 10.0 mol.% to 20.0 mol.%, 20.0 mol.% to 30.0 mol.%, 20.0 mol.% to 24.0 mol.%, 24.0 mol.% to 30.0 mol.%, and 24.0 mol.% to 26.0 mol.%.

[0049] The glass composition may include germania (GeO2). Germania (GeO2) provides an excellent ratio between refractive index and density and does not reduce transmittance. However, germania is expensive. Therefore, the germania content may be limited, or the glass may be substantially free of GeO2. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain germania (GeO2) in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more to 10.0 mol.% or less, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain GeO2 in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 5.0 mol.% or more, 7.0 mol.% or more, 8.0 mol.% or more, or 9.0 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain GeO2 in an amount of 10.0 mol.% or less, 9.0 mol.% or less, 8.0 mol.% or less, 7.0 mol.% or less, or 5.0 mol.% or less. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass composition may contain GeO in an amount of 0.0 mol.% to 10.0 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 5.0 mol.%, 5.0 mol.% to 10.0 mol.%, 5.0 mol.% to 7.0 mol.%, 7.0 mol.% to 10.0 mol.%, 7.0 mol.% to 8.0 mol.%, 8.0 mol.% to 10.0 mol.%, or 8.0 mol.% to 9.0 mol.%.

[0050] The glass composition may have a limit on the amount of rare earth metal oxides. The rare earth metal oxides added to the glass composition of the present disclosure provide a high refractive index. However, if the total concentration of rare earth metal oxides is too high, crystallization of refractory minerals from the glass-forming melt may occur, leading to devitrification of the melt. Therefore, the content of rare earth metal oxides is limited, or the glass is made up of only a limited amount of RE. m O n may be substantially free of

[0051] In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises rare earth metal oxides RE in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 10.0 mol.% or more, or 20.0 mol.% or more.m O n In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain rare earth metal oxides RE in an amount of 30.0 mol.% or less, 28.5 mol.% or less, 20.0 mol.% or less, or 10.0 mol.% or less. m O n Further, in some embodiments, the glass composition may contain RE in an amount of ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦30.0 mol.%, ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦28.5 mol.%, ≧10.0 mol.% and ≦30.0 mol.%, ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦20.0 mol.%, or ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦10.0 mol.%, ≧10.0 mol.% and ≦28.5 mol.%, or ≧10.0 mol.% and ≦20.0 mol.%, ≧20.0 mol.% and ≦30.0 mol.%, or ≧20.0 mol.% and ≦28.5 mol.%. m O n may contain

[0052] The glass composition may include lanthanum oxide (La2O3). Lanthanum oxide is an inexpensive component for increasing the refractive index, and it increases the refractive index without significant loss of transmittance in the visible range. La2O3 may also reduce the risk of phase separation. However, La2O3 tends to increase the density of the glass to a greater extent than other high-refractive-index components, such as TiO2, Nb2O5, or WO3. Also, if added in large amounts, it may cause crystallization of refractory species such as lanthanum disilicate (La2SiO7), lanthanum zirconate (La2ZrO5), and others, thus reducing glass-forming ability. For these reasons, the La2O3 content may be limited, or the glass may be substantially free of La2O3. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain lanthanum oxide (La2O3) in an amount of from 0.0 mol.% to 44.5 mol.% inclusive, as well as all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain La2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 10.0 mol.% or more, 15.0 mol.% or more, 17.0 mol.% or more, 17.4 mol.% or more, 25.0 mol.% or more, 29.5 mol.% or more, 34.5 mol.% or more, or 39.5 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain La2O3 in an amount of 44.5 mol.% or less, 39.5 mol.% or less, 34.5 mol.% or less, 30.0 mol.% or less, 29.5 mol.% or less, 28.0 mol.% or less, 25.0 mol.% or less, 23.25 mol.% or less, 23.0 mol.% or less, 19.1 mol.% or less, or 10.0 mol.% or less.In further embodiments, the glass composition may comprise at least 0.0 mol.% and at most 28.0 mol.%, at least 10.0 mol.% and at most 30.0 mol.%, at least 15.0 mol.% and at most 25.0 mol.%, at least 17.0 mol.% and at most 23.25 mol.%, at least 17.44 mol.% and at most 19.14 mol.%, at least 17.5 mol.% and at most 23.0 mol.%, at least 0.0 mol.% and at most 44.5 mol.%, or at most 0.0 mol.%. 10.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or more and 44.5 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or more and 19.1 mol.% or less, 15.0 mol.% or more and 19.1 mol.% or less, 17.0 mol.% or more and 19.1 mol.% or less, 17.4 mol.% or more and 44.5 mol.% or less, 25.0 mol.% or more and 44.5 mol.% or less, 25.0 mol.% or more and 28.0 mol.% or less of La2O3.

[0053] The glass composition may include yttria (YO). Yttria provides a high refractive index at a lower density than other rare earth metal oxides, such as LaO, GdO, and others, without causing a loss of transmittance in the visible. However, the addition of YO may cause crystallization of refractory minerals, such as yttrium zirconate (YZrO), yttrium niobate (YNbO), and others, thus reducing glass-forming ability. For this reason, the YO content may be limited, or the glass may be substantially free of YO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain yttria (YO) in an amount from 0.0 mol.% to 44.5 mol.%, inclusive, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Y2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 0.4 mol.% or more, 0.8 mol.% or more, 10.0 mol.% or more, 25.0 mol.% or more, 29.5 mol.% or more, 34.5 mol.% or more, or 39.5 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Y2O3 in an amount of 44.5 mol.% or less, 39.5 mol.% or less, 34.5 mol.% or less, 29.5 mol.% or less, 25.0 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or less, 1.6 mol.% or less, or 1.1 mol.% or less. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass composition may contain YO in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.0 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 1.8 mol.% or less, 0.4 mol.% or more and 1.6 mol.% or less, 0.75 mol.% or more and 1.07 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 44.5 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 1.1 mol.% or less, 0.4 mol.% or more and 1.1 mol.% or less, 0.8 mol.% or more and 44.5 mol.% or less, 0.8 mol.% or more and 1.1 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less, or 25.0 mol.% or more and 29.5 mol.% or less.

[0054] The glass composition may include a divalent metal oxide (RO). In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain divalent metal oxide RO in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 10.0 mol.% or more, or 20.0 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain divalent metal oxide RO in an amount of 25.0 mol.% or less, 20.0 mol.% or less, or 10.0 mol.% or less. In still other embodiments, the glass composition may contain RO in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less, or 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less, or 10.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less.

[0055] The glass composition may contain lead oxide (PbO). Lead oxide provides a high refractive index, but also significantly increases density. PbO may also raise ecological concerns. For these reasons, the PbO content may be limited, or the glass may be substantially free of PbO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain lead oxide (PbO) in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more to 10.0 mol.% or less, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain PbO in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 5.0 mol.% or more, 7.0 mol.% or more, 8.0 mol.% or more, or 9.0 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain PbO in an amount of 10.0 mol.% or less, 9.0 mol.% or less, 8.0 mol.% or less, 7.0 mol.% or less, 5.0 mol.% or less, 0.1 mol.% or less, or 0.05 mol.% or less. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass composition may contain PbO in an amount of 0.0 mol.% to 10.0 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 5.0 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 0.1 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 0.05 mol.%, 5.0 mol.% to 10.0 mol.%, 5.0 mol.% to 7.0 mol.%, 7.0 mol.% to 10.0 mol.%, 7.0 mol.% to 8.0 mol.%, 8.0 mol.% to 10.0 mol.%, 8.0 mol.% to 9.0 mol.%.

[0056] The glass composition may include barium oxide (BaO). Barium oxide may increase the solubility of high-refractive-index components such as TiO2 and Nb2O5, which may indirectly lead to a further increase in refractive index at relatively low densities. However, barium oxide itself may increase the density of the glass. Also, at high concentrations, it may cause the crystallization of minerals such as barium titanate (BaTiO3), barium niobate (BaNb2O6), and others. Therefore, the amount of BaO may be limited, or the glass may be substantially free of BaO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain barium oxide (BaO) in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more to 5.0 mol.% or less, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain BaO in an amount of 5.0 mol.% or less, 2.5 mol.% or less, 2.0 mol.% or less, 1.8 mol.% or less, or 1.5 mol.% or less. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass composition may contain BaO in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.0 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 1.8 mol.% or less, 0.13 mol.% or more and 1.54 mol.% or more, 0.0 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.% or less, or 0.0 mol.% or more and 1.5 mol.% or less.

[0057] The glass composition may include calcium oxide (CaO). Calcium oxide provides the highest refractive index to density ratio for glasses among known monovalent and divalent metal oxides. In some embodiments, CaO may also help increase the solubility of NbO and TiO, which additionally contributes to an increase in refractive index at relatively low densities. However, if the amount of CaO in the glass is too high, it may cause crystallization of refractory species such as calcium titanate (CaTiO, CaTiO, etc.), calcium niobate (CaNbO), calcium metasilicate (CaSiO), and others, which may cause crystallization of the glass-forming melt upon cooling. Therefore, the amount of CaO may be limited, or the glass may be substantially free of CaO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain calcium oxide (CaO) in an amount from 0.0 mol.% to 5.0 mol.%, inclusive, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain CaO in an amount of 5.0 mol.% or less, 2.5 mol.% or less, 1.5 mol.% or less, 1.1 mol.% or less, 1.0 mol.% or less, or 0.5 mol.% or less. In still other embodiments, the glass composition may contain CaO in an amount of 0.0 mol.% to 1.5 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 1.1 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 1.0 mol.%, 0.03 mol.% to 0.49 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 5.0 mol.%, or 0.0 mol.% to 0.5 mol.%.

[0058] The glass composition may include alkali metal oxides (AlkO). Alkali metal oxides act as modifiers, potentially improving the stability of the glass-forming melt upon cooling and reheating. Alkali metal oxides may also increase the basicity of the melt, which may reduce undesirable coloration provided by other species, such as bismuth, antimony, and iron oxides. However, alkali metal oxides provide a low refractive index. In some cases, alkali metal oxides may also cause crystallization or liquid-liquid phase separation of the melt upon cooling. Therefore, the alkali metal oxide content may be limited, or the glass composition may be substantially free of AlkO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain alkali metal oxide AlkO in an amount of 3.0 mol.% or less, 2.0 mol.% or less, or 1.0 mol.% or less. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass composition may contain AlkO in an amount of ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦3.0 mol.%, ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦2.0 mol.%, or ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦1.0 mol.%.

[0059] The glass composition may include Cu and Co ("Cu+Co"). Cobalt and copper, whether intentionally introduced or present as impurities from other components, can provide undesirable coloration. Therefore, the Cu+Co content may be limited, or the glass composition may be substantially free of Cu+Co. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain Cu+Co in an amount of 0.0 at.% or more to 5.0 at.% or less, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Cu+Co in an amount of 5.0 at.% or less, 2.5 at.% or less, or 0.005 at.% or less. In still other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Cu+Co in an amount of 0.0 at.% or more and 0.005 at.% or less, or 0.0 at.% or more and 5.0 at.% or less.

[0060] The glass composition may include antimony oxide (Sb2O3). Antimony oxide, like arsenic oxide, may be used as a fining agent. It may also prevent the reduction of TiO2 and Nb2O5, thus improving blue transmittance. However, at high concentrations, antimony oxide may impart undesirable color to the glass and may cause crystallization of the melt upon cooling. Therefore, in some embodiments, the Sb2O3 content may be limited, or the glass composition may be substantially free of antimony oxide. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain antimony oxide (Sb2O3) in an amount from 0.0 mol.% to 5.0 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Sb2O3 in an amount of 5.0 mol.%, 2.5 mol.%, 1.0 mol.%, 0.9 mol.%, 0.5 mol.%, 0.3 mol.%, or 0.06 mol.% or less. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Sb2O3 in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more and 1.0 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 0.9 mol.% or more, 0.0 mol.% or more and 0.5 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 0.3 mol.% or less, 0.01 mol.% or more and 0.06 mol.% or more, 0.0 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.% or more, or 0.0 mol.% or more and 0.06 mol.% or less.

[0061] The glass composition may include bismuth oxide (BiO). BiO provides a high refractive index but leads to increased density. It also reduces the viscosity of the melt at high temperatures, which may cause the melt to crystallize upon cooling. Therefore, the bismuth oxide content may be limited, or the glass composition may be free of BiO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain bismuth oxide (BiO) in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more to 5.0 mol.% or less, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain BiO in an amount of 5.0 mol.% or less, 5.0 mol.% or less, 2.5 mol.% or less, 0.12 mol.% or less, or 0.05 mol.% or less. Further, in some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Bi2O3 in an amount equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 15.0 mol.%, equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 0.12 mol.%, or equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 0.05 mol.%.

[0062] The glass composition may contain zirconia (ZrO2). Zirconia can increase the refractive index while maintaining low density. ZrO2 can also increase the viscosity of the melt, inhibiting crystallization from the melt. ZrO2 does not introduce coloration into the glass in the visible and near-UV ranges and may help maintain the glass's high transmittance. However, high concentrations of zirconia may cause crystallization of refractory minerals such as zirconia (ZrO2), zircon (ZrSiO4), yttrium zirconate (Y2ZrO5), and others, which may reduce the glass-forming ability of the melt. Therefore, the zirconia content may be limited, or the glass composition may be free of ZrO2. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain zirconia (ZrO2) in an amount from 0.0 mol.% to 15.0 mol.% inclusive, as well as all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZrO2 in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 0.3 mol.% or more, 3.5 mol.% or more, 4.0 mol.% or more, 4.4 mol.% or more, 5.0 mol.% or more, 7.0 mol.% or more, 9.0 mol.% or more, 10.0 mol.% or more, 11.0 mol.% or more, or 13.0 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZrO2 in an amount of 15.0 mol.% or less, 13.0 mol.% or less, 11.0 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or less, 9.5 mol.% or less, 9.0 mol.% or less, 8.6 mol.% or less, 7.3 mol.% or less, or 5.0 mol.% or less.Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZrO in an amount of 0.3 mol.% to 15.0 mol.%, 0.3 mol.% to 10.0 mol.%, 3.5 mol.% to 9.5 mol.%, 4.0 mol.% to 10.0 mol.%, 4.4 mol.% to 8.6 mol.%, 6.99 mol.% to 7.29 mol.%, 0.0 mol.% to 15.0 mol.%, 0.3 mol.% to 5.0 mol.%, 3.5 mol.% to 5.0 mol.%, 4.0 mol.% to 5.0 mol.%, or 7.0 mol.% to 7.3 mol.%.

[0063] The glass composition may include tungsten oxide (WO). WO provides a high refractive index without significantly increasing density or causing undesirable coloration. The addition of WO to the glass composition may also decrease the liquidus temperature, which may allow such glasses to be melted at lower temperatures, thereby increasing the transmittance of such glasses. The addition of WO may also decrease the glass transition temperature T gThis can reduce the WO content, allowing for glass formation at lower temperatures. High concentrations of WO tend to increase the liquidus temperature and reduce the viscosity at the liquidus temperature, making it difficult to avoid crystallization of the melt upon cooling. Therefore, the WO content may be limited, or the glass composition may be free of WO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain tungsten oxide (WO) in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more to 32.0 mol.% or less, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain WO in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 10.0 mol.% or more, 15.0 mol.% or more, 17.5 mol.% or more, 18.0 mol.% or more, 20.0 mol.% or more, 21.0 mol.% or more, or 30.0 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain WO in an amount of 32.0 mol.% or less, 30.0 mol.% or less, 27.5 mol.% or less, 26.5 mol.% or less, 26.0 mol.% or less, 22.1 mol.% or less, 20.0 mol.% or less, or 10.0 mol.% or less. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass composition may contain WO in an amount of 15.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less, 17.5 mol.% or more and 27.5 mol.% or less, 18.0 mol.% or more and 26.5 mol.% or more, 18.0 mol.% or more and 26.0 mol.% or less, 20.99 mol.% or more and 22.11 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 32.0 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or more and 32.0 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less, 15.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less, 17.5 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less, 18.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less.

[0064] The glass composition may include titania (TiO). The levels of TiO and / or NbO typically used in glasses to increase the refractive index tend to decrease transmittance in the near-UV region and shift the UV cutoff to higher wavelengths. Therefore, the amount of TiO is limited, and in some cases, the glass composition may be substantially free of TiO. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain titania (TiO) in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more to 28.5 mol.% or less, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain TiO in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 0.3 mol.% or more, 1.0 mol.% or more, 5.0 mol.% or more, 10.0 mol.% or more, 13.0 mol.% or more, 20.0 mol.% or more, 22.5 mol.% or more, 24.5 mol.% or more, or 26.5 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain TiO in an amount of 28.5 mol.%, 28.5 mol.%, 28.0 mol.%, 26.5 mol.%, 25.0 mol.%, 24.5 mol.%, 22.5 mol.%, 22.0 mol.%, 20.0 mol.%, 15.0 mol.%, 10.0 mol.%, or 5.0 mol.% or less.In further embodiments, the glass composition may comprise at least 0.3 mol.% and at most 30.0 mol.%, at least 0.3 mol.% and at most 28.5 mol.%, at least 1.0 mol.% and at most 25.0 mol.%, at least 5.0 mol.% and at most 25.0 mol.%, at least 10.0 mol.% and at most 22.5 mol.%, at least 10.0 mol.% and at most 22.0 mol.%, at least 12.85 mol.% and at most 15.27 mol.%, at least 0.0 mol.% and at most 30.0 mol.%, mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.% or less, 0.3 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.% or less, 1.0 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.% or less, 5.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less, 5.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or more and 15.0 mol.% or less, 20.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less.

[0065] The glass composition may include niobia (Nb2O5). Niobia can be used to increase the refractive index of the glass while maintaining low density. However, niobia can introduce a yellow coloration to the glass that cannot be bleached in the same manner as titania, potentially resulting in a loss of transmittance, particularly in the blue and UV ranges. Niobia may cause crystallization and / or phase separation in the melt. Therefore, the amount of Nb2O5 is limited; in some embodiments, the glass may be substantially free of Nb2O5. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain niobia (Nb2O5) in an amount from 0.0 mol.% to 44.5 mol.% inclusive, as well as all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Nb2O5 in an amount of 0.0 mol.% or more, 0.3 mol.% or more, 1.0 mol.% or more, 10.0 mol.% or more, 15.0 mol.% or more, 15.5 mol.% or more, 16.4 mol.% or more, 16.89 mol.% or more, 25.0 mol.% or more, 29.5 mol.% or more, 34.5 mol.% or more, or 39.5 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Nb2O5 in an amount of 44.5 mol.% or less, 39.5 mol.% or less, 34.5 mol.% or less, 30.0 mol.% or less, 29.5 mol.% or less, 25.0 mol.% or less, 22.5 mol.% or less, 21.25 mol.% or less, 20.6 mol.% or less, 17.8 mol.% or less, or 10.0 mol.% or less.Further, in some embodiments, the glass composition may comprise at least 0.0 mol.% and at most 25.0 mol.%, at least 0.3 mol.% and at most 30.0 mol.%, at least 1.0 mol.% and at most 25.0 mol.%, at least 15.0 mol.% and at most 25.0 mol.%, at least 15.0 mol.% and at most 22.5 mol.%, at least 15.5 mol.% and at most 21.25 mol.%, at least 16.4 mol.% and at most 20.6 mol.%, at least 16.89 mol.% and at most 17.8 mol.%, or at most 0.0 mol.%. % or more and 44.5 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less, 0.3 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less, 1.0 mol.% or more and 44.5 mol.% or less, 1.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or more and 17.8 mol.% or less, 15.0 mol.% or more and 44.5 mol.% or less, 15.0 mol.% or more and 17.8 mol.% or less, 16.4 mol.% or more and 17.8 mol.% or less.

[0066] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of BO+SiO equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.%, equal to or greater than 5.0 mol.%, equal to or greater than 18.0 mol.%, or equal to or greater than 20.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of BO+SiO equal to or less than 35.0 mol.%, equal to or less than 21.0 mol.%, or equal to or less than 20.0 mol.%. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of BO+SiO of ≧5.0 mol.% and ≦35.0 mol.%, ≦0.0 mol.% and ≦35.0 mol.%, ≦0.0 mol.% and ≦21.0 mol.%, or ≦0.0 mol.% and ≦20.0 mol.%, ≦5.0 mol.% and ≦21.0 mol.%, or ≦5.0 mol.% and ≦20.0 mol.%, ≦18.0 mol.% and ≦35.0 mol.%, ≦18.0 mol.% and ≦21.0 mol.%, or ≦18.0 mol.% and ≦20.0 mol.%.

[0067] In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of GeO2 + TeO2 of 5.0 mol.% or less, or 2.5 mol.% or less, and in some embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of GeO2 + TeO2 of 0.0 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.% or less, or 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.5 mol.% or less.

[0068] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Li2O+Na2O+K2O equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% or equal to or greater than 10.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Li2O+Na2O+K2O equal to or less than 15.0 mol.% or equal to or less than 10.0 mol.%. In still some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Li2O+Na2O+K2O equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 15.0 mol.% or equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 10.0 mol.%.

[0069] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% or equal to or greater than 10.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO equal to or less than 15.0 mol.% or equal to or less than 10.0 mol.%. In still some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 15.0 mol.% or equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 10.0 mol.%.

[0070] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3 of 0.0 mol.% or more, 5.0 mol.% or more, 25.0 mol.% or more, or 36.0 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3 of 45.0 mol.%, 44.5 mol.%, 37.2 mol.%, or 25.0 mol.% or less. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of Nb2O5 + La2O3 + Gd2O3 + YO3 of equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 44.5 mol.%, equal to or greater than 5.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 45.0 mol.%, equal to or greater than 0 ...37.2 mol.%, or equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 25.0 mol.%, equal to or greater than 5.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 44.5 mol.%, equal to or greater than 5.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 37.2 mol.%, or equal to or greater than 5.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 25.0 mol.% and equal to or greater than 45.0 mol.%, equal to or greater than 25.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 44.5 mol.%, or equal to or greater than 25.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 37.2 mol.%.

[0071] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Nb2O5 + TiO2 of 0.0 mol.% or more, 20.0 mol.% or more, or 25.0 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Nb2O5 + TiO2 of 45.0 mol.% or less, or 25.0 mol.% or less. In still other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Nb2O5 + TiO2 of 20.0 mol.% or more and 45.0 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 45.0 mol.% or less, or 0.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less, or 20.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less.

[0072] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of RO+RO of 0.0 mol.% or more, 10.0 mol.% or more, or 20.0 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of RO+RO of 25.0 mol.% or less, 20.0 mol.% or less, 10.0 mol.% or less, or 1.0 mol.% or less. In still some embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of RO+RO of 0.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or more, 10.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less, or 10.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less.

[0073] In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of V+Fe+Cr+Co+Ni+Cu+Sb of 0.03 at.% or less, 0.02 at.% or less, or 0.01 at.% or less. In yet some embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of V+Fe+Cr+Co+Ni+Cu+Sb of 0.0 at.% or more and 0.03 at.% or less, 0.0 at.% or more and 0.02 at.% or less, or 0.0 at.% or more and 0.01 at.% or less.

[0074] In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of V+Fe+Cr+Ni of 1.0 at.% or less, 0.5 at.% or less, or 0.05 at.% or less. In yet some embodiments, the glass composition may have a sum of V+Fe+Cr+Ni of 0.0 at.% or more and 1.0 at.% or less, 0.0 at.% or more and 0.05 at.% or less, or 0.0 at.% or more and 0.5 at.% or less.

[0075] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Y2O3 + Gd2O3 + Er2O3 equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% or equal to or greater than 10.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Y2O3 + Gd2O3 + Er2O3 equal to or less than 15.0 mol.% or equal to or less than 10.0 mol.%. In still other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of Y2O3 + Gd2O3 + Er2O3 equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 15.0 mol.% or equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 10.0 mol.%.

[0076] In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of ZrO2 + WO3 of 0.0 mol.% or more, 3.0 mol.% or more, or 20.0 mol.% or more. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of ZrO2 + WO3 of 40.0 mol.% or less, or 20.0 mol.% or less. In still other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of ZrO2 + WO3 of 3.0 mol.% or more and 40.0 mol.% or less, 0.0 mol.% or more and 40.0 mol.% or less, or 0.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less, or 3.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less.

[0077] In some embodiments, the glass composition is m O n , TiO2, Nb2O5), where min(RE m O n , TiO2, Nb2O5) are RE m O n , TiO2, and Nb2O5 (in mol%). When a glass composition simultaneously contains significant amounts of rare earth metal oxides, titania, and niobia, it may precipitate minerals or solid solutions containing these oxides, such as, for example, lanthanum niobium titanate, LaNbTiO6, at high temperatures, which may increase the liquidus temperature and / or cause devitrification of the melt. Thus, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, min(RE m O n, TiO2, Nb2O5) are limited. In some embodiments, the glass contains 0.000 mol.% or more or 10 mol.% or more of min(RE m O n , TiO2, Nb2O5). In some other embodiments, the glass may have a min(RE) of 18 mol.% or less or 10 mol.% or less. m O n , TiO2, Nb2O5). In further embodiments, the glass may have a min(RE) of ≧0.000 mol.% and ≦18 mol.%, or ≧0.000 mol.% and ≦10 mol.%. m O n , TiO2, Nb2O5).

[0078] In some embodiments, the glass composition is m O n , TiO2), where min(RO, RE m O n , TiO2) is RO, RE m O n , and TiO2 concentrations (in mol%). When a glass composition simultaneously contains significant amounts of rare earth metal oxides, titania, and divalent metal oxides such as alkaline earth metal oxides, zinc oxide, or others, it may precipitate minerals or solid solutions containing these oxides, such as, for example, barium lanthanum titanate BaLa2TiO6, at high temperatures, which may increase the liquidus temperature and / or cause devitrification of the melt. Thus, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, min(RO,RE m O n , TiO2) are limited. In some embodiments, the glass contains 0.0 mol.% or more or 5.0 mol.% or more of min(RO, RE). m O n In some other embodiments, the glass may have a min(RO, RE) value of 10.0 mol.% or less, 5.0 mol.% or less, or 1.0 mol.% or less. m O n, TiO2). In further embodiments, the glass may have a min(RO, RE) value of ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦10.0 mol.%, ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦5.0 mol.%, or ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦1.0 mol.%. m O n , TiO2).

[0079] In some embodiments, the glass has a refractive index n of greater than or equal to 1.80 to less than or equal to 2.25, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. d In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n of 1.80 or greater, 1.90 or greater, 2.05 or greater, 2.092 or greater, 2.095 or greater, 2.10 or greater, 2.15 or greater, or 2.20 or greater. d In some other embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n of 2.25 or less, 2.20 or less, 2.15 or less, 2.12 or less, 2.10 or less, 2.05 or less, or 1.90 or less. d Further, in some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n of 2.05 or greater and 2.25 or less, 2.092 or greater and 2.25 or less, 2.095 or greater and 2.20 or less, 1.80 or greater and 2.25 or less, 2.05 or greater and 2.10 or less, or 2.092 or greater and 2.10 or less. d may have:

[0080] In some embodiments, the glass has an Abbe number ν of 0 to 28, inclusive, and all ranges and subranges between the aforementioned values. d In some embodiments, the glass may have an Abbe number ν of 0 or greater, 5 or greater, 10 or greater, 15 or greater, 20 or greater, 22 or greater, 24 or greater, or 26 or greater. d In some other embodiments, the glass may have an Abbe number ν of 28 or less, 26 or less, 25 or less, 24 or less, 23 or less, 22 or less, 20 or less, 10 or less, or 5 or less. d Further, in some embodiments, the glass may have an Abbe number ν ≧0 and ≦28, ≧5 and ≦10, ≧10 and ≦28, ≧10 and ≦20, ≧15 and ≦28, ≧20 and ≦28. dmay have:

[0081] In some embodiments, the glass has a viscosity of 6 g / cm 3 The density at room temperature is d RT may have:

[0082] In some embodiments, the glass has a liquidus temperature T liq may have:

[0083] In some embodiments, the glass has a glass transition temperature T g may have:

[0084] In some embodiments, the glass has a blue transmittance attribute Q of 0.000 or greater. 420 -(31.1-14.1*n d ).

[0085] In some embodiments, the glass has a blue transmittance attribute Q of 0.000 or greater. 420 -(31.25-14.1*n d ).

[0086] Refractive index estimation parameter n 365、est is a parameter for estimating the refractive index of glass at a wavelength of 365 nm, and is calculated by the following formula (V): n 365、est =0.0422+4.333*n F -3.369*n 531.9 (V) In the formula, n F is the refractive index of the glass at 486.13 nm, and n 531.9 is the refractive index of the glass at 531.9 nm. Equation (V) was derived by linear regression methods on data reported in a catalog of commercially available optical glasses manufactured by Hoya Corporation. The catalog is available electronically from the official Hoya Corporation website (see https: / / www.hoya-opticalworld.com / english / datadownload).

[0087] Refractive index estimation parameter n 365、est is used to provide an estimate of the refractive index of the exemplary glasses of the present disclosure at a wavelength of 365 nm. The refractive index estimation parameter n 365、est was also used to evaluate the internal transmittance of exemplary glasses in the ultraviolet (UV) range, as described below.

[0088] The exact refractive index of glasses in the UV range may not be easy to measure directly with reliable accuracy, especially for samples of imperfect optical quality, such as those containing several crystals, internal inhomogeneities (e.g., chords), gas inclusions, or other defects. The uncertainty in the measured value of the refractive index introduced by such imperfections increases as the wavelength decreases. The refractive index of samples containing such imperfections can be measured with high accuracy in the visible range, but not in the UV range. Preparing optical glass samples with negligible levels of imperfections is difficult, expensive, and impractical for evaluating the refractive index in the UV range for a large number of exemplary glasses with high refractive indices. Instead, it is preferable to develop models or correlations that allow for high-accuracy estimation of the refractive index in the UV range from high-accuracy values ​​measured in the visible range, a wavelength range where the impact of imperfections on the accuracy of the refractive index measurement is minimal.

[0089] There are several known formulas for interpolating and extrapolating refractive index as a function of wavelength, such as the Sellmeier equation or the Cauchi equation. However, for glasses with very high refractive indices, such as 2.0 or higher, extrapolating from the visible range to the UV range may give biased values, which in turn may distort the estimated internal transmittance.

[0090] For the purposes of this disclosure, a correlation between the refractive index in the UV range and the refractive index in the visible range was developed to obtain a highly accurate and unbiased estimate of the refractive index in the UV range. This correlation is useful for high refractive index (n d>1.80) and from available data on optical glasses with negligible imperfections reported in the literature. 365、est and the refractive index n as reported in the catalog of commercial optical glasses manufactured by Hoya Corporation, referenced above. 365 The version available on January 8, 2023, was accessed and used to develop the correlation expressed by equation (V). As can be seen from the plot shown in Figure 1, the correlation provides an estimate characterized by a standard error of σ = 0.0018, which is common to a wide range of high refractive index optical glass compositions and is sufficient for accurate evaluation of internal transmittance for the purposes of this disclosure.

[0091] From equation (V), the refractive index estimation parameter n 365、est After calculating the refractive index at other wavelengths in the UV and blue range (approximately 310-500 nm), the refractive index is evaluated from the form of the Sellmeier equation given in equation (VI): n λ =1+B*λ 2 / (λ 2 -C) (VI) In the formula, n λ is the refractive index at wavelength λ, and B and C are empirical fitting parameters that can be estimated from the refractive index values ​​of the sample at two different wavelengths. In this disclosure, the refractive index in the UV range is estimated from equation (VI), and the coefficients B and C are related to the refractive index n at a wavelength of 486.1 nm. F and the refractive index estimation parameter n determined by equation (V) 365、est is determined from

[0092] Refractive index n d and Abbe number ν d When evaluating refractive index based on published data that only reports refractive index n F can be measured or calculated from the following equation (VII): n F =n d +((n d -1) / ν d))*(1-(0.22071+0.0204*ln(ν d ))) (VII) Formula (VII) is an empirical formula derived from known data on the refractive index or Abbe number of commercially available optical glasses available from several manufacturers. It provides an n with a standard error of about 0.00002 units, which is sufficient for the purposes of this disclosure. F allows evaluation of the value of the quantity n d and ν d are unknown but the glass composition is reported, the unknown amounts are accordingly calculated by the quantity P calculated by formulas (XXIII) and (XXI) as described below. n and P ν can be evaluated by using

[0093] Blue transmittance attribute Q 420 is the amount calculated by the following formula (VIII): Q 420 =-ln(k 365 )-B UV *0.36 (VIII) In the formula, k 365 is the light absorption coefficient defined by the above formulas (I) to (III) at a wavelength of 365 nm, and B UV is the coefficient shown in formula (IV).

[0094] The blue transmittance attribute Q given in equation (VIII) 420corresponds to the predicted contribution of composition to internal transmittance at a wavelength of 420 nm. It is known in the art that the internal transmittance of glass depends not only on composition but also on process conditions. As discussed more fully below, it has been discovered herein that for the glasses of the present disclosure, the internal transmittance over a particular wavelength range in the UV is essentially independent of process conditions and is primarily a function of composition. By analyzing the internal transmittance attributes in a process-independent wavelength range (e.g., a portion of the UV wavelength range) and extrapolating to a process-dependent wavelength range (e.g., the visible), it becomes possible to predict the compositional contribution to internal transmittance in the process-dependent wavelength range and thus separate the process-dependent contribution from the compositional contribution in the process-dependent wavelength range. This capability allows the development of new process strategies to minimize the detrimental effects of processing on internal transmittance so that high refractive index glasses with high internal transmittance can be achieved. Of particular interest are high refractive index glasses with high internal transmittance in the visible. Thus, the glasses of the present disclosure preferably have high values ​​of Q 420 It has.

[0095] Blue transmittance attribute Q 420To illustrate the significance and determination of , we consider exemplary Glass 18 of the present disclosure (see Table 5 below). Samples A-F of exemplary Glass 18 were prepared under different processing conditions and tested for internal transmittance. Samples A, B, and C were extracted from a melt formed from 2500 grams of the batch composition in a covered platinum crucible. The batch composition was heated to 1280°C and held for two hours, then cooled to 1200°C and held for an additional two hours, then poured into three separate aliquots (corresponding to Samples A, B, and C) onto steel plates, cooled to a dark red color (presumably corresponding to a temperature of approximately 500°C), then placed in an annealer and annealed at 630°C for one hour, and finally cooled to room temperature in air, bleached (if a bleaching step was applied), and then cut, polished, and tested. Sample A was cut to a thickness of 2.20 mm without bleaching. Samples B and C were bleached at 645°C for 14 days. Sample B was then cut to a thickness of 1.00 mm, and Sample C was cut to a thickness of 6.96 mm. Samples D and E were extracted from a melt formed from 1000 grams of the batch composition in a covered platinum crucible. The batch composition was heated to 1280°C, held for 2 hours, then cooled to 1170°C and held for an additional 2 hours, then poured into two separate aliquots (corresponding to Samples D and E) onto steel plates, cooled in the same manner as Samples A-C, annealed at 630°C for 1 hour, and cooled to room temperature in air. Sample D was then cut to a thickness of 0.99 mm without bleaching. Sample E was bleached at 640°C for 14 days and then cut to a thickness of 7.03 mm. Sample F was melted from 15 grams of the batch composition in a covered platinum crucible at 1300°C for 1 hour, then the crucible was placed on a water-cooled table and cooled to approximately 500°C, then it was reheated and annealed at 630°C for 1 hour, cooled to room temperature (all of the above operations were performed while the sample was kept in the crucible), then extracted from the crucible, cut to a thickness of 1.11 mm, and polished. Sample F was not subjected to bleaching.

[0096] Transmittance and -ln(k λ ) The data are shown in Figures 2a, 2b, and 2c.

[0097] FIG. 2a shows the total transmittance τ versus wavelength λ expressed in nanometers (nm). total The data are presented as a percentage of the total.

[0098] Figure 2b shows the -ln(k λ ) and present the data shown in Figure 2a for k λ is defined in equation (III) above. To present the data shown in Figure 2b, the total transmittance data shown in Figure 2a must be converted to internal transmittance at a thickness of 10 mm so that the optical absorption coefficient k can be calculated. The total transmittance τ total、d、λ is the internal transmittance τ by correcting for Fresnel losses using equation (IX) int、d、λ is converted to

number

[0099] A notable feature of Figure 2b is the -ln(k λ ) at short wavelengths for samples of the same composition subjected to different processing conditions. λ ) convergence at the indicated UV wavelengths is -ln(k λThis suggests that the value of τ ) is a compositional attribute that is independent of processing conditions. Figure 2c shows an expansion of Figure 2b in the wavelength range from about 360 nm to about 370 nm. Data is shown for samples A, B, D, and F in 1 nm increments. Samples C and E show the total transmittance τ at UV wavelengths (below about 375 nm, see Figure 2a) for these samples. total、d、λ is not included in Figure 2c because it was extremely low (due to the thickness of the samples) and could not be measured reliably. Figure 2c shows the −ln(k λ ) values. Figure 2c also shows the similarity of -ln(k λ ) closely approximates a linear function. The best-fit linear function over the wavelength range of linearity is referred to herein as Q λ It is specified as follows.

[0100] This disclosure is concerned with glasses having a high refractive index and a high internal transmittance in the blue. Embodiments herein seek to identify high refractive index glasses having a composition that inherently has a high internal transmittance in the blue. "Essentially" refers to a contribution to the internal transmittance in the blue that is essentially independent of processing conditions and is primarily composition-dependent. Prior art attempts to identify such glasses have not been entirely successful because the internal transmittance of high refractive index glasses in the blue is typically very sensitive to processing conditions. Due to processing conditions, for example, glass compositions with inherently high internal transmittance in the blue may not be adequately identified. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that for glass compositions determined herein to have a high intrinsic internal transmittance in the blue, it is possible to identify process conditions that produce glass composition samples with measured internal transmittance in the blue that approximate the intrinsic internal transmittance.

[0101] To facilitate the identification of new glass compositions with high intrinsic internal transmittance in the blue, we have developed a method for determining the transmittance of glass using -ln(k λ) function Q from the UV wavelength range to the visible wavelength λ Consider the extrapolation of the function Q λ An example of the extrapolation of Q is depicted as a dashed line in Figure 2b. λ High values ​​of -ln(k λ ), which in turn means a high value of the intrinsic internal transmittance in the blue, τ int、10 For the purposes of this disclosure, we consider the wavelength of 420 nm to be the characteristic wavelength in the blue and use the quantity Q as representing the intrinsic internal transmittance of the glass composition in the blue. 420 Define the quantity Q 420 is the function Q when extrapolated to a wavelength of 420 nm. λ and is referred to herein as the blue transmittance attribute. 420 An exemplary depiction of the determination of is shown in Figure 2b.

[0102] Analysis of data for different glass compositions and different process conditions shows that in all observed cases -ln(k λ It has been empirically found that the dependence of ) on 1000 / λ remains essentially linear at least within the wavelength range of 360-370 nm.

[0103] At wavelengths above 370 nm, for most of the thermally bleached samples, the dependence remained essentially linear up to about 380–400 nm; typically, −ln(k λ Nonlinear effects were observed when values ​​of ) became greater than about +1.0, which roughly corresponds to 70% internal transmittance for a 10 mm thick sample. For example, for unbleached samples such as samples A, D, and F in Figure 2b, the upper limit of linearity was typically about 370-380 nm for silica-free compositions and about 380-400 nm for silica-containing compositions; the more precise location of the boundary varied from composition to composition and / or depended on the melting and cooling conditions.

[0104] No significant deviation from linearity was observed at wavelengths below 360 nm. However, it should be noted that the glasses disclosed herein, which have high refractive indices, such as about 2.0 or greater, typically have very low transmittance below 360 nm, and this transmittance can be difficult to measure reliably at wavelengths below 360 nm unless very thin samples are used. When testing lower refractive index samples, characterized by higher UV transmittance, linearity was typically observed at wavelengths above about 280-310 nm.

[0105] Therefore, in the majority of cases studied, -ln(k λ It can be concluded that the relationship between -ln(k) and (1000 / λ) can be considered essentially linear in the wavelength range from about 310 to about 370 nm; if the sample is thermally bleached to improve blue transmittance, the upper limit of the range of linearity is typically 400 nm, and approximately +1.0 (for a sample thickness of 10 mm). λ ) is extended to the smaller wavelength corresponding to the value of

[0106] Function Q λ is -ln(k λ ) can be expressed by equation (IV) above, which is reproduced below: Q λ =A UV +B UV *1000 / λ (IV) In the formula, A UV and B UV is the -ln(k λ ) is an empirical coefficient obtained from the best fit of the blue transmittance attribute Q 420 is determined from equation (IV) at wavelength λ=420 nm.

[0107] Blue transmittance attribute Q 420 Instead, A UVBy solving equation (IV) for and substituting the result into equation (V) to obtain equation (X), Q λ can be expressed in terms of

number

number

[0108] Q 420 To simplify the determination of k, it is desirable to rewrite equation (VIII) in terms of quantities that are easily measured or estimated. Transmittance is a quantity relevant to the glass compositions of the present disclosure. Equation (VIII) provides a solution to the problem of k in terms of equation (III). 365 This can be rewritten as formula (XII) by representing Q 420 =-ln(-ln(τ int、10、365 ))-0.36B UV (XII) In the formula, τ int、10、365 is the internal transmittance at a wavelength of 365 nm for a sample having a thickness of 10 mm. For a sample of any thickness d, equation (VIII) can be expressed in terms of equation (II) as k 365This can be rewritten as formula (XIII) by representing

number

[0109] Equation (XIII) gives the total transmittance τ through the above equation (IX). total、d、365 can be rewritten in terms of:

number

[0110] Q 420 To simplify the determination of n from formula (V), we 365、est n in formula (XIV) 365 Substituting into, we obtain equation (XV).

number

[0111] For the exemplary glasses of the present disclosure and comparative glasses melted and tested by applicant, Q was calculated using formula (XV). 420 Calculate.

[0112] For comparative glasses obtained from literature sources, several variations of the calculation procedure were used depending on data availability, and are disclosed below.

[0113] As described above, the blue transmittance attribute Q 420 provides a guide to the intrinsic blue internal transmittance, which is an estimate of the blue internal transmittance due to glass composition independent of processing conditions. 420 The utility of using Q can be demonstrated by considering commercially available colorless optical glass. By way of illustration, Figure 3 shows the relationship between the quantity Q and the 420and the internal transmittance τ at wavelength λ=460 nm for a 10 mm thick sample of commercial optical glass available from HOYA Corporation, according to data taken from the catalog referenced above. int、10、460 (See https: / / www.hoya-opticalworld.com / english / datadownload, accessed January 8, 2023.) Figure 3 presents two categories of optical glasses. The category labeled "EF(x)" (light flint) refers to glass codes E-FEL1, E-FEL2, E-FL5, E-FL6, E-F2, E-F5, E-FD1L, E-FD2, E-FD4L, E-FD5, E-FD8, E-FD10L, E-FD13, E-FD15L, E-FD1, E-FD4, E-FD10, and E-FD15. The category "TAFD" (heavy tantalum flint) refers to glass codes TAFD33, TAFD35L, TAFD35, TAFD37A, TAFD45, TAFD55-W, TAFD55, and TAFD37.

[0114] For the commercial glass depicted in Figure 3, the quantity Q 420 is the internal transmittance (τ ) of a 10 mm thick sample at wavelengths of 360 and 370 nm, as calculated from equation (XI) using a wavelength λ = 360 nm, as follows: int、10、360 and τ int、10、370 (corresponding to

number

number

number

[0115] The data points in FIG. 3 are the internal transmittance τ for the blue transmittance attribute calculated from Equation (XVII). int、10、460 As can be seen from Figure 3, for both the light and heavy tantalum flints, the blue transmittance attribute Q 420 The value of is the internal transmittance τ of a 10 mm thick sample at a wavelength of 460 nm. int、10、460 Without wishing to be bound by theory, the results suggest that the blue transmittance attribute Q can be calculated based on the internal transmittance in the UV (e.g., 360 nm to 370 nm) to predict the internal transmittance at longer wavelengths. 420 supports the ability of

[0116] Abbe number ν d , blue transmittance attribute Q 420 , and the refractive index n d is a property of glass that can be predicted from the glass composition. Linear regression analysis of the exemplary glasses of this disclosure in the Examples section below and other glass compositions reported in the literature was performed to determine the Abbe number, v d , blue transmittance attribute Q 420 , and the refractive index n d An equation was determined that can predict the composition dependence of

[0117] A training data set of glass compositions that meet the compositional constraints specified in Table 1 below and have measured values ​​of the properties of interest is generated for each property (ν d , Q 420 , and n d Approximately 100 glass compositions for (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII) were randomly selected from literature data presented in the publicly available SciGlass Information System database and exemplary glasses from the embodiments presented herein. Linear regression analysis on the data set specified above, excluding outliers, was used to determine formulas (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII). The resulting formulas are presented in Table 2 below.

[0118] Specifically, Q 420When deriving the model for , measured values ​​were calculated from data for glass compositions for which transmittance at at least two wavelengths in the UV range was available.

[0119] When processing data for comparative examples obtained from literature sources, the following steps were used to 420 was evaluated.

[0120] If the reported transmittance figure refers to internal transmittance, then -ln(k λ ) was calculated by the above formula (II).

[0121] When the reported transmittance figure refers to total transmittance, the directly reported n d and ν d Then, the refractive index n F Calculate n by formula (V) 365、est The refractive index in the range of 310 to 500 nm was then approximated by equation (VI). The refractive index calculated by equation (VI) was used to calculate the internal transmittance τ int、d and then calculate k using equation (II) for the wavelength at which the transmittance value is reported. λ Calculate -ln(k λ ) values ​​were calculated.

[0122] When data were extracted from the images, the images were programmatically digitized and converted into numerical data, including unit conversion to nanometers (for wavelength) and percent total or internal transmittance (depending on the amount reported in the source document), if necessary.

[0123] For further analysis, -ln(k λ ) values. Two such data points (i.e., two pairs of λ vs. ln(k λ ), 310 nm ≦ λ ≦ 400 nm and -5 ≦ -ln(k λIf two or more such data points were available in the 360-370 nm range, -ln(k λ A linear regression of (1000 / λ [nm]) versus (1000 / λ [nm]) was performed through all of these data points to obtain −ln(k 365 ) and coefficient B UV The value of was determined.

[0124] If two or more data points satisfying the conditions described above are available, but none of them refer to wavelengths between 360 and 370 nm, or only one of them refers to wavelengths between 360 and 370 nm, select the two data points corresponding to wavelengths λ1 and λ2 for further calculations and calculate the value of -ln(k λ1 ) and -ln(k λ2 ) was calculated. If three or more wavelengths were available, the two wavelengths closest to 365 nm were preferably selected, corresponding to λ1≦365 nm and λ2>365 nm; for example, if three data points were available for wavelengths 340, 370, and 390 nm, wavelengths λ1=340 nm and λ2=370 nm were selected. Then, -ln(k 360 ) and B UV The values ​​were calculated using the following equations (XIX) and (XX).

number

[0125] Next, Q 420The value of was calculated for each glass composition according to equation (XVIII). A data set of approximately 50 such literature data points was then combined with data for 50 randomly selected exemplary glasses of the present disclosure, presented in Table 5, and a regression analysis was performed. Finally, three nonlinear effects for antimony oxide (Sb2O3), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), and total alkali metal oxides (Alk2O) were identified, and data for compositions containing these species were analyzed separately, resulting in additional terms for these species in equation (XXII) below.

[0126] In addition to the training set specified above, another subset of glass compositions meeting the compositional limits of Table 1 was used as a validation set to evaluate the ability to interpolate within the compositional limits of Table 1 and to establish the standard deviations specified in Table 2. An external data set of prior art glass compositions randomly selected from the SciGlass Information System database was also used to evaluate properties (ν d , Q 420 , and n d ) with reasonable accuracy. Data for the external datasets were selected by using the same procedure as disclosed above for the training dataset. Each feature (ν d , Q 420 , and n d Multiple iterations of this process were performed to determine the best formula for (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII) are the results of the analysis.

[0127] The data for the comparative glass compositions used in the linear regression modeling, including the training data set, validation data set, and external data set, were obtained from the publicly available SciGlass Information System database. The following equations (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII) were obtained from the linear regression analysis and represent the Abbe number, v, of the glass, respectively. d , blue transmittance attribute Q 420 , and the refractive index n dwas used to predict.

number

[0128] In equations (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII) and Tables 1 and 2, the dispersion parameter P ν is the Abbe number ν calculated from the constituents of the glass composition expressed in mol.% d is a parameter that predicts the transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420 is the blue transmittance attribute Q calculated from the constituents of the glass composition expressed in mol.% 420 is a parameter that predicts the refractive index parameter P n is the refractive index n at 587.56 nm calculated from the constituents of the glass composition expressed in mol.% d The transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420 For , a logarithmic scale was applied when conducting the regression analysis.

[0129] In formulas (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII), each component of the glass composition is listed with respect to its chemical formula, which refers to the concentration of the component expressed in mol.%. For example, for purposes of formulas (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII), La2O3 refers to the concentration of La2O3 in the glass composition expressed in mol.%. Not all components listed in formulas (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII) are necessarily present in a particular glass composition, and it is understood that formulas (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII) are equally valid for glass compositions containing fewer than all of the components listed in the formula. It is further understood that formulas (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII) are valid for glass compositions within the scope and claims of this disclosure that contain components in addition to those listed in the formula. If a component listed in formulas (XXI), (XXII), and (XXIII) is absent in a particular glass composition, the concentration of the component in the glass composition is 0 mol.%, and the contribution of the component to the value calculated from the formula is zero. [Table 1] [Table 2]

[0130] FIG. 4 shows the measured Abbe number ν for several comparative glasses ("Comparative Glasses") and several exemplary glasses ("Exemplary Glasses") taken from the literature. d The dispersion parameter P calculated by equation (XXI) as a function of ν As shown by the data in Figure 4, the dispersion parameter P ν The composition dependence of ν d The standard deviation was within ±2.1 units, which corresponds to the standard deviation specified in Table 2.

[0131] FIG. 5 shows the blue transmittance attribute Q measured for several comparative glasses ("Comparative Glasses") taken from the literature, and several exemplary glasses ("Exemplary Glasses"). 420 The transmittance evaluation parameter P calculated by equation (XXII) as a function of Q420 As shown by the data in Figure 5, the transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420 The composition dependence of Q is 420 The standard deviations are within ±0.24 units of the standard deviations specified in Table 2.

[0132] Blue transmittance attribute Q for comparative glass compositions 420 was calculated by the procedure disclosed above, referenced for the selection of the training dataset for modeling.

[0133] When transmittance data was reported in terms of total transmittance in the source document for the comparative glass, the data was converted to internal transmittance using equation (IX) above. The refractive index required to convert total transmittance to internal transmittance was estimated from reported data available in the source document, such as the refractive index and Abbe number at specific wavelengths (e.g., 587.6 nm, 589.3 nm, 486.1 nm, etc.). When some of these data were not available, the refractive index n d and Abbe number ν d was calculated from the glass composition by using the corresponding formulas (XXIII) and (XXI) of the present disclosure.

[0134] The reported data available in the source document is the refractive index n d and Abbe number ν d If it consists of, the refractive index n F (corresponding to a wavelength of 486.1 nm) was evaluated by the following formula (VII). n F =n d +((n d -1) / ν d ))*(1-(0.22071+0.0204*ln(νd ))). (VII) Equation (VII) was derived from the extensive data set available for the refractive indices of commercially available optical glasses reported at different wavelengths by multiple manufacturers. It provides a standard error of n with a standard error of about 0.00002 units, which is sufficient for the purposes of this disclosure. F Allows evaluation of the value of

[0135] The refractive index in the UV range was then estimated using the same algorithm (Equation (VI)) described above for the exemplary glasses of the present disclosure. The estimated refractive index was used to calculate Fresnel loss, then convert total transmittance to internal transmittance, and then calculate the optical absorption coefficient k as disclosed herein.

[0136] FIG. 6 shows the measured refractive index, n, for several comparative glasses ("Comparative Glasses") and several exemplary glasses ("Exemplary Glasses") taken from the literature. d The refractive index parameter P calculated by equation (XXIII) as a function of n As shown by the data in FIG. 6, the refractive index parameter P n The composition dependence of is measured for most glasses d The standard deviations are within ±0.018 units of the standard deviations specified in Table 2.

[0137] Table 3 identifies combinations of components and their respective amounts according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Exemplary Glass A in Table 3 may include additional components according to any aspect of the present disclosure, as described herein. [Table 3]

[0138] Exemplary glass A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure meets the following criteria: 0≦min(RO,RE m O n , TiO2) [mol.%]≦10 where min(RO, RE m O n , TiO2) are expressed in mol.% as RO, RE m O n , and TiO2 concentration, and the chemical formula refers to the amount of the constituent in the glass expressed in mol.%.

[0139] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, exemplary Glass A also has a refractive index n between 2.092 and 2.25 at 587.56 nm. d may have:

[0140] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, exemplary glass A also has an Abbe number ν of 28 or less. d may have:

[0141] Table 4 identifies combinations of components and their respective amounts according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Exemplary Glass B in Table 4 may include additional components according to any aspect of the present disclosure, as described herein. [Table 4]

[0142] Exemplary Glass B according to embodiments of the present disclosure has a refractive index n of 1.8 or greater at 587.56 nm. d may have:

[0143] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, exemplary glass B also meets the following criteria: Q 420 -(31.1-14.1*n d )>0.000 where Q 420 is the blue transmittance attribute, and n d is the refractive index at 587.56 nm.

[0144] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, exemplary glass B also meets the following criteria: Q420 -(31.25-14.1*n d )>0.000 where Q 420 is the blue transmittance attribute, and n d is the refractive index at 587.56 nm. [Example]

[0145] The following examples describe various features and advantages provided by the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention or the appended claims in any way.

[0146] To prepare glass samples for several exemplary glasses of the present disclosure, 15 to 5000 grams of each sample (with the intended component content in the as-batched composition being greater than 99.99 wt.%) were melted from batch raw materials. Three melting and cooling conditions were applied.

[0147] In the first process condition, 15 grams of the batch composition of input materials was melted in a covered platinum crucible at 1300-1400°C, held for 1 hour, then optionally held at a temperature in the range of 1100-1150°C but above the liquidus temperature for 3 hours, and then cooled in 3-5 minutes by placing the crucible on a water-cooled table. The sample was then annealed at a temperature of 630-650°C for 1 hour.

[0148] In the second process condition, 1000-2500 grams of the batch composition of input materials is melted in a covered platinum crucible at 1250-1300°C, held for 2 hours, then held at a temperature in the range of 1150-1200°C but above the liquidus temperature for 1-3 hours to equilibrate at this temperature, and then poured onto a steel plate and poured into a 50 x 50 x 15 mm 3 ~150×100×20mm 3 One or several samples having a size of 1000 mm were formed and then annealed at a temperature of 630-650°C for 1 hour.

[0149] In the third process condition, 3500-5000 grams of the batch composition of input materials was melted via Joule heating in a covered platinum crucible. The crucible was held at 1250°C and filled with the batch composition over a period of 1.5 hours. The temperature was then increased to 1300°C and the crucible was held for 1 hour. During this step, the melt was stirred at 60 rpm for 30 minutes. Stirring was then discontinued for 30 minutes. Stirring was resumed at 60 rpm, and the temperature was then reduced to 1170-1200°C, and the crucible was allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes and at a reduced stirring rate of 20 rpm. The feed tube was then heated above the liquidus temperature of the glass, and the melt was poured onto a chilled graphite table to form a (900-1200) x 50 x 25 mm mold. 3 Glass rods were formed having approximate dimensions of 100 μm x 100 μm. The rods were examined under an optical microscope (up to 500x magnification) to confirm crystallization, and all were determined to be essentially free of crystalline phases (in the bulk) except for a surface layer (100-300 μm) in some cases.

[0150] For each of the three process conditions, glass samples were annealed at 625–645°C for 1 hour and then cooled to room temperature at 1–10°C / min. Some samples were then held at 640–650°C for 1–2 weeks to improve transmittance (hereafter referred to as the "bleaching step") and tested for refractive index and transmittance; other samples were tested without the bleaching step. When the bleaching step was used, the glass was heated from room temperature to the bleaching temperature at a rate of 3–5°C / min. After bleaching, the glass was cooled to room temperature at a rate of 1–3°C / min.

[0151] Chemical analysis of the tested samples was not performed since chemical analysis was performed on similar samples prepared in independent melts using XRF (X-ray fluorescence - for all oxides except B2O3 and Li2O), ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - for B2O3), and FES (flame emission spectroscopy - for Li2O). These analyses yielded deviations of major components from the as-batched composition within ±2.0% by weight, equivalent to less than about 1 mol%.

[0152] In Tables 5 and 6, the abbreviation "n" with a subscript refers to the refractive index at the corresponding wavelength in nm; e.g., n 632.8 T refers to the refractive index at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. liq refers to the liquidus temperature, and T g refers to the glass transition temperature, and d RT refers to the density at room temperature, and min(RO, RE m O n , TiO2) is RO, RE m O n , and the minimum value of TiO2 concentration (in mol%), k 365 is the optical absorption coefficient (cm) at a wavelength of 365 nm -1 ) and k 380 is the optical absorption coefficient (cm) at a wavelength of 380 nm -1 (in units of ).

[0153] Coefficient B for exemplary and comparative glasses UV and the blue transmittance parameter Q 420 The values ​​of were calculated by using the procedures disclosed above, which refer to the evaluation of these quantities for the training data set, depending on the information available for the particular composition. [Table 5] [Table 6] [Table 7] [Table 8] [Table 9] [Table 10] [Table 11] Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 Table 16 Table 17 Table 18 Table 19 Table 20 Table 21 Table 22-1 Table 22-2 Table 23-1 Table 23-2 Table 24-1 Table 24-2 Table 25

[0154] Table 6 below lists the glass compositions and properties for comparative glasses C1-C16. [Table 26] [Table 27]

[0155] The reference key for each of the comparative glasses listed in Table 6 is as follows: [1] CN113816600, [2] EP4071118, [3] JPH09278480, [4] US2022 / 0306517A, [5] US Patent Application No. 17 / 874,792, [6] US Patent Application No. 18 / 096,938, [7] US Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 323,645, [8] TW2020 / 12333, [9] US2022 / 306517,

[10] US5747397A,

[11] US2022 / 0073409A.

[0156] FIG. 7 shows the refractive index parameter P for some of the exemplary glasses and some of the comparative glasses. n and transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420 1 is a plot showing the relationship between the refractive index at 587.56 nm and the refractive index parameter P. The exemplary glasses (filled circles) are Examples 1, 3-9, 11, 18, 20, 31, 33-40, 43-48, 51-55, 59, 64-70, 72, 73, 75-98, 102, 103, 110-119, 149-154, 159-162, 164, 167, and 168 from Table 5. The comparative glasses (open circles) are Examples C1-C10 from Table 6. The refractive index parameter P, which predicts the refractive index at 587.56 nm, n was determined by equation (XXIII). The transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420 was determined by formula (XXII). All of the exemplary and comparative glasses shown in Figure 7 have the characteristics specified in Table 7. In Table 7, the designation "not limited" refers to limitations that were not considered when selecting the composition. [Table 28]

[0157] The comparative glasses of FIG. 7 are known glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 7, and have the refractive index parameter P shown in FIG. n Transmittance evaluation parameter P over a range of values Q420 The one with the highest value was selected.

[0158] The line corresponding to the equation y=31.1-14.1*x shown in FIG. 7 provides a visual representation of the difference between the comparative glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 7 and exemplary glasses 1, 3-9, 11, 18, 20, 31, 33-40, 43-48, 51-55, 59, 64-70, 72, 73, 75-98, 102, 103, 110-119, 149-154, 159-162, 164, 167, and 168. As can be seen in FIG. 7, the exemplary glasses (black circles) depicted in FIG. 7 described above lie above the line y=31.1-14.1*x, while none of the comparative glasses (white circles) lie above, where y is the transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420 where x corresponds to the refractive index parameter P n In other words, some of the exemplary glasses depicted in FIG. 7 satisfy the following formula (XXIV)(a), while none of the comparative glasses do. P Q420 -(31.1-14.1*P n )>0.00 (XXIV)(a)

[0159] Also, as can be seen in FIG. 7, some of the exemplary glasses depicted in FIG. 7 are above the line y=31.25-14.1*x, and none of the comparative glasses are above it, where y is the transmittance evaluation parameter P Q420 where x corresponds to the refractive index parameter P n In other words, some of the exemplary glasses depicted in FIG. 7 satisfy the following formula (XXIV)(b), while none of the comparative glasses do. P Q420 -(31.25-14.1*Pn )>0.00 (XXIV)(b)

[0160] The exemplary glass depicted in FIG. 7 predictably exhibits a P value greater than the best known comparative glass having the characteristics specified in Table 7. n and P Q420 Based on the predictions, the exemplary glass shown in Figure 7 exhibits a superior combination of n than the best known comparative glass having the characteristics specified in Table 7. d and Q 420 It is expected that the combination of

[0161] FIG. 8 shows the refractive index n at 587.56 nm for some of the exemplary glasses and some of the comparative glasses. d and blue transmittance attribute Q 420 8 is a plot showing the relationship between. The exemplary glasses (filled circles) are Examples 4-11, 18, 20, 36, 70-72, 74, 98, and 111 from Table 5. The comparative glasses (open circles) are Examples C11-C16 from Table 6. All exemplary and comparative glasses shown in FIG. 8 have the characteristics specified in Table 8. [Table 29]

[0162] The comparative glasses of FIG. 8 are known glasses having the above characteristics specified in Table 8, and have a refractive index n at 587.56 nm shown in FIG. d Blue transmittance attribute Q over a range 420 The α-glucan was selected as the one with the highest measured value of α-glucan.

[0163] The line corresponding to the equation y=31.1-14.1*x shown in FIG. 8 provides a visual representation of the difference between the comparative glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 8 and exemplary glasses 4-11, 18, 20, 36, 70-72, 74, 98, and 111. As can be seen in FIG. 8, the exemplary glasses (black circles) depicted in FIG. 8 are above the line y=31.1-14.1*x, and none of the comparative glasses (white circles) are above it, where y is the formula Q 420 corresponds to x, n d In other words, some of the exemplary glasses depicted in FIG. 8 satisfy the following formula (XXV)(a), while none of the comparative glasses do. Q 420 -(31.1-14.1*n d )>0.00 (XXV)(a)

[0164] Also, as can be seen in FIG. 8, some of the exemplary glasses depicted in FIG. 8 lie above the line y=31.25-14.1*x, and none of the comparative glasses lie above it, where y is the Q 420 corresponds to x, n d In other words, the exemplary glass depicted in FIG. 8 satisfies the following formula (XXV)(b), and none of the comparative glasses do: Q 420 -(31.25-14.1*n d )>0.00 (XXV)(b)

[0165] The exemplary embodiment depicted in FIG. 8 that satisfies formula (XXV)(b) is a glass having the characteristics specified in Table 8, and is selected from the group consisting of glass having the characteristics specified in Table 8 and glass having the characteristics specified in Table 8. d over a range of Q 420 It is characterized by the highest value of

[0166] This means that under the conditions specified in Table 8 above, some of the exemplary glasses have a refractive index n at 587.56 nm lower than the best of the comparative glasses meeting the same conditions. d At equivalent measured values ​​of blue transmittance attribute Q 420This means that, according to the measurements, these exemplary glasses have higher measured values ​​of n d At equivalent values ​​of Q 420 that is, they have higher values ​​of n according to measurements than the best known comparative glasses having the characteristics specified in Table 8. d and Q 420 combination (i.e., given n d Higher Q for 420 , or for a given Q 420 Higher n d ) can be interpreted as being superior in terms of

[0167] The values ​​of all attributes specified in Tables 7 and 8 and in formulas (XXIV)(a), (XXIV)(b), (XXV)(a), and (XXV)(b) for comparative glasses C1-C16 plotted in Figures 7 and 8 are provided below in Table 9. The complete compositions of the comparative glasses are provided in Table 6. The complete compositions and attributes of exemplary glasses are provided in Table 5. [Table 30] [Table 31]

[0168] As shown below from Figures 7 and 8, both predicted and measured property data indicate that some of the exemplary glasses have refractive indices n d and blue transmittance attribute Q 420 than the best of the comparative glasses having the characteristics specified in Tables 7 and 8 accordingly.

[0169] The data reported in several patent sources is used to train the algorithm disclosed above to calculate the quantity Q 420It should be noted that the measured data presented in Tables 6 and 9 for these glasses are the results of the authors' experiments on the exemplary compositions specified in the tables, which were taken from the aforementioned patent applications. Specifically, in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 17 / 874,792 and [US2022 / 0073409A], glass compositions were described as being characterized by high blue transmittance, but detailed transmittance data were not reported. The measured data presented in Tables 6 and 9 for these glasses are the results of the authors' experiments on the exemplary compositions specified in the tables, which compositions were taken from the aforementioned patent applications.

[0170] The following non-limiting embodiments are encompassed by the present disclosure: To the extent not already stated, any one of the features of embodiments 1 through 26 may be combined, in part or in whole, with one or more features of any other embodiment of the present disclosure to form additional embodiments, even if such combination is not explicitly stated.

[0171] According to a first aspect, a glass includes a plurality of components, the glass including: 0.3 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of Nb2O5; 0.3 mol.% or more and 15.0 mol.% or less of ZrO2; 0.0 mol.% or more and 28.0 mol.% or less of TiO2; 0.0 mol.% or more and 28.0 mol.% or less of La2O3; 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of P2O5; 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of PbO; 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of GeO2; 0 mol.% or more and 0.12 mol.% or less of Bi2O3; and 0.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of RE. m O n and a composition of components comprising: a total of B2O3+SiO2 of 5.0 mol.% or more and 35.0 mol.% or less, and optionally containing one or more components selected from CaO, BaO, ZnO, Na2O, WO3, Al2O3, Li2O, TeO2, KO, SrO, and MgO, the composition of components satisfying the condition: 0 mol.%≦min(RO, RE m O n, TiO2)≦10mol.%, and the glass satisfies the condition: 2.092≦P n ≤ 2.25, and P ν <28, wherein P ν is the dispersion parameter, calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the constituents according to formula (XXI),

number

number

[0172] According to a second embodiment, the glass has a refractive index n at 587.56 nm of 2.092 or more and 2.25 or less. d , and Abbe number ν less than or equal to 28 d The glass of the first embodiment,

[0173] According to a third aspect, the composition of the constituents is 10.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of B2O3, 10.0 mol.% or more and 28.0 mol.% or less of La2O3, 1.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of Nb2O5, 1.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of TiO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less of SiO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of CdO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of TeO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of ZnO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 0.3 mol.% or less of Sb2O3, 0.0E+00 mol.% or more and 5.0E-03 at.% or less of Cu+Co, 10.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of RE. m O n , containing 0.0 at.% or more and 1.0 at.% or less of F, the sum of Nb2O5 + TiO2 is 20.0 mol.% or more and 45.0 mol.% or less, the sum of Nb2O5 + La2O3 + Gd2O3 + Y2O3 is 5.0 mol.% or more and 45.0 mol.% or less, the sum of ZrO2 + WO3 is 3.0 mol.% or more and 40.0 mol.% or less, and Li2O + Na2O + The total of K2O is 0.0 mol.% or more and 15.0 mol.% or less, the total of MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO is 0.0 mol.% or more and 15.0 mol.% or less, the composition of the constituents is substantially free of Bi2O3, substantially free of PbO, substantially free of ThO2, and substantially free of V, Fe, Cr, and Ni, and the composition of the constituents satisfies the condition: 0 mol.% ≦ min(RE m O n , TiO2, Nb2O5)≦18mol.% m O n , TiO2, Nb2O5) are RE m O n , TiO2, and Nb2O5 concentrations (in mol %).

[0174] According to a fourth aspect, the composition of the constituent components is 10.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of B2O3, 10.0 mol.% or more and 28.0 mol.% or less of La2O3, 1.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of TiO2, 0.3 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of Nb2O5, 0.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less of SiO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and and 10.0 mol.% or less of CdO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of TeO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of ZnO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.% or less of PbO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.% or less of ThO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 0.5 mol.% or less of Sb2O3, 0.0E+00 at.% or more and 5.0E-03 It contains Cu+Co at.% or less, F at.% or more and 1.0 at.% or less, the sum of Nb2O5+TiO2 is 20.0 mol.% or more and 45.0 mol.% or less, the sum of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3 is 5.0 mol.% or more and 45.0 mol.% or less, the sum of ZrO2+WO3 is 3.0 mol.% or more and 40.0 mol.% or less, and Li2O+N The glass of any one of Aspects 1-3, wherein the sum of AlO+KO is 0.0 mol.% or more and 15.0 mol.% or less, the sum of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO is 0.0 mol.% or more and 15.0 mol.% or less, the sum of Y2O3+Gd2O3+Er2O3 is 0.0 mol.% or more and 15.0 mol.% or less, and the composition of components is substantially free of V, Fe, Cr, and Ni.

[0175] According to a fifth aspect, the glass is formed in accordance with the condition: P Q420 -(31.1-14.1*P n )>0.000, wherein P Q420 is the blue transmittance parameter calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the constituents according to formula (XXII),

number

[0176] According to a sixth aspect, the glass is characterized in that it satisfies the condition: Q 420 -(31.1-14.1*n d )>0.000, where n d is the refractive index at 587.56 nm, and Q 420 is the value of the blue transmittance attribute, calculated according to equation (VIII), Q 420 =-ln(k 365nm ,cm -1 )-B UV *0.36 (VIII) In the formula, k 365 is the optical absorption coefficient at a wavelength λ=365 nm calculated by formula (II), k=-ln(τ int、d、365 / (d / 10)) (II) B UV is the coefficient calculated by formula (XVIII),

number

[0177] According to a seventh aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the composition of the components includes a sum of GeO2+TeO2 of 0.0 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.% or less, and a sum of V+Fe+Cr+Co+Ni+Cu+Sb of 0.000 at.% or more and 0.030 at.% or less, and wherein the composition of the components is substantially free of arsenic, substantially free of fluorine, substantially free of PbO, and substantially free of ThO2.

[0178] According to an eighth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1-3 and 5-7, wherein the composition of the components includes: 15.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of WO3; 15.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of B2O3; 15.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of La2O3; 15.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of Nb2O5; 0.3 mol.% or more and 28.0 mol.% or less of TiO2; 0.3 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of ZrO2; 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.0 mol.% or less of BaO; and 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.0 mol.% or less of Y2O3.

[0179] According to a ninth embodiment, the glass of any one of embodiments 1-8, wherein the component composition includes one or more of the following components: greater than or equal to 18.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 26.5 mol.% WO3, greater than or equal to 17.00 mol.% and less than or equal to 23.25 mol.% La2O3, greater than or equal to 15.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 24.0 mol.% B2O3, greater than or equal to 15.50 mol.% and less than or equal to 21.25 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 22.5 mol.% TiO2, greater than or equal to 3.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 9.5 mol.% ZrO2, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.8 mol.% BaO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.8 mol.% YO3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.1 mol.% CaO, and greater than or equal to 0.9 mol.% Sb2O3.

[0180] According to a tenth aspect, the composition of the constituents is 18.0 mol.% or more and 26.0 mol.% or less of WO3, 17.5 mol.% or more and 23.0 mol.% or less of La2O3, 16.75 mol.% or more and 23.00 mol.% or less of B2O3, 16.4 mol.% or more and 20.6 mol.% or less of Nb2O5, 10.0 mol.% or more and 22.0 mol.% or less of TiO2, 4.4 mol.% or more and 8.6 mol.% or less of ZrO2, 0.4 mol.% or more and 10. The glass of any one of embodiments 1-9, comprising ≦1.6 mol.% Y2O3, ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦2.0 mol.% BaO, ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦1.0 mol.% CaO, ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦0.5 mol.% Sb2O3, and ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦3.0 mol.% Alk2O, and all other components totaling ≧0.0 mol.% and ≦5.0 mol.% where Alk2O is the total alkali metal oxides.

[0181] According to an eleventh aspect, the glass has a blue transmittance attribute Q of 1.3 or more. 420 , 6.0g / cm 3 The density at room temperature is d RT , and a refractive index n that is greater than or equal to 2.095 and less than or equal to 2.2 d 11. The glass of any one of embodiments 1 to 10, having the following structure:

[0182] According to a twelfth embodiment, the glass has a glass transition temperature T g , and a liquidus temperature T below 1150 °C liq 12. The glass of any one of embodiments 1 to 11, having the following structure:

[0183] According to a thirteenth aspect, a glass includes a plurality of components, the glass comprising 10.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of B2O3, 0.3 mol.% or more and 28.5 mol.% or less of TiO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of SiO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of P2O5, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of PbO, 0.0E+00 mol.% or more and 5.0E-03 at.% or less of Cu+Co, 0.0 mol.% or more and 28.5 mol.% or less of RE. m O n wherein the sum of Nb2O5+La2O3+Gd2O3+Y2O3 is equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 44.5 mol.%, the sum of R2O+RO is equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 25.0 mol.%, the sum of V+Fe+Cr+Ni is equal to or greater than 0.0 at.% and equal to or less than 1.0 at.%, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from ZrO2, WO3, Al2O3, Bi2O3, GeO2, and TeO2, and the glass is resistant to oxidation and has a composition of components that satisfies the condition: P n >1.8, and P Q420 -(31.1-14.1*P n )>0.000, where P n is the refractive index parameter calculated from the glass composition in mol.% of the constituents according to formula (XXIII),

number

number

[0184] According to a fourteenth aspect, the glass has a refractive index n d The glass has the condition: Q 420 -(31.1-14.1*n d )>0.000, where Q 420 is the value of the blue transmittance attribute, calculated according to equation (VIII), Q 420 =-ln(k 365 )-B UV *0.36 (VIII) In the formula, k 365 is the optical absorption coefficient at a wavelength λ=365 nm calculated by formula (II), k=-ln(τ int、d、365 / (d / 10)) (II) B UV is the coefficient calculated by formula (XVIII),

number

[0185] According to a fifteenth aspect, the glass is Q420 -(31.25-14.1*P n )>0.000.

[0186] According to a sixteenth aspect, the glass is characterized in that the glass satisfies the condition: Q 420 -(31.25-14.1*n d 16. The glass of any one of aspects 13 to 15, wherein σ is greater than 0.000.

[0187] According to a seventeenth aspect, the composition of the constituents is 10.0 mol.% or more and 28.5 mol.% or less of La2O3, 1.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of Nb2O5, 1.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of TiO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less of SiO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of CdO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of GeO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of P2O5, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of TeO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of ZnO, 0.0 mol.% or more and 0.3 mol.% or less of Sb2O3, 10.0 mol.% or more and 28.5 mol.% or less of RE m O n , containing 0.0 at.% or more and 1.0 at.% or less of F, the sum of Nb2O5 + TiO2 is 20.0 mol.% or more and 45.0 mol.% or less, the sum of Nb2O5 + La2O3 + Gd2O3 + Y2O3 is 5.0 mol.% or more and 44.5 mol.% or less, the sum of ZrO2 + WO3 is 3.0 mol.% or more and 40.0 mol.% or less, and Li2O + Na2O + The total of K2O is 0.0 mol.% or more and 15.0 mol.% or less, the total of MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO is 0.0 mol.% or more and 15.0 mol.% or less, the composition of the constituents is substantially free of Bi2O3, substantially free of PbO, substantially free of ThO2, and substantially free of V, Fe, Cr, and Ni, and the composition of the constituents satisfies the condition: 0 mol.% ≦ min(RE m O n , TiO2, Nb2O5)≦18mol.%, and 0mol.%≦min(RO, RE m O n , TiO2≦10mol.% is satisfied, wherein min(RE m On , TiO2, Nb2O5) are RE m O n , TiO2, and Nb2O5 (in mol%), and min(RO, RE m O n , TiO2) is RO, RE m O n and a minimum concentration (in mol %) of TiO2.

[0188] According to an eighteenth embodiment, the composition of the constituents is 10.0 mol.% or more and 28.5 mol.% or less of La2O3, 1.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of TiO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of Nb2O5, 0.0 mol.% or more and 20.0 mol.% or less of SiO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 15.0 mol.% or less of Bi2O3, 0.0 mol.% or more and 10.0 ... Nb2O5. ol.% or less CdO, 0.0mol.% or more and 10.0mol.% or less GeO2, 0.0mol.% or more and 10.0mol.% or less P2O5, 0.0mol.% or more and 10.0mol.% or less TeO2, 0.0mol.% or more and 10.0mol.% or less ZnO, 0.0mol.% or more and 5.0mol.% or less PbO, 0.0mol.% or more and 5.0mol.% or less ThO2, 0.0mol .% or more and 0.5 mol.% or less of Sb2O3, 0.0 at.% or more and 1.0 at.% or less of F, the sum of Nb2O5 + TiO2 is 20.0 mol.% or more and 45.0 mol.% or less, the sum of Nb2O5 + La2O3 + Gd2O3 + Y2O3 is 5.0 mol.% or more and 44.5 mol.% or less, the sum of ZrO2 + WO3 is 3.0 mol.% or more and 40.0 mol.% or less, and L 18. The glass of any one of embodiments 13 to 17, wherein the sum of I2O+Na2O+KO is equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 15.0 mol.%, the sum of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO is equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 15.0 mol.%, and the sum of YO3+Gd2O3+Er2O3 is equal to or greater than 0.0 mol.% and equal to or less than 15.0 mol.%, and the composition of the components is substantially free of V, Fe, Cr, and Ni.

[0189] According to a nineteenth aspect, the glass satisfies the condition: 2.05≦P n 19. The glass of any one of embodiments 13 to 18, wherein the glass satisfies a .DELTA..times ...

[0190] According to a twentieth embodiment, the glass has a refractive index n at 587.56 nm of 2.05 or more and 2.25 or less. d20. The glass of any one of embodiments 13 to 19, having the following structure:

[0191] According to a 21st aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 13 to 20, wherein the composition of the components includes a sum of GeO2+TeO2 of 0.0 mol.% or more and 5.0 mol.% or less, and a sum of V+Fe+Cr+Co+Ni+Cu+Sb of 0.000 at.% or more and 0.030 at.% or less, and the composition of the components is substantially free of arsenic, substantially free of fluorine, substantially free of PbO, and substantially free of ThO2.

[0192] According to a twenty-second embodiment, the glass of any one of embodiments 13-21, wherein the composition of the components includes: 15.0 mol.% or more and 30.0 mol.% or less of WO3, 15.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of B2O3, 15.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of La2O3, 15.0 mol.% or more and 25.0 mol.% or less of Nb2O5, 0.3 mol.% or more and 10.0 mol.% or less of ZrO2, 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.0 mol.% or less of BaO, and 0.0 mol.% or more and 2.0 mol.% or less of Y2O3.

[0193] According to a twenty-third embodiment, the glass of any one of embodiments 13-22, wherein the component composition includes one or more of the following components: WO3 from 18.0 mol.% to 26.5 mol.% inclusive; La2O3 from 17.00 mol.% to 23.25 mol.% inclusive; B2O3 from 15.5 mol.% to 24.0 mol.% inclusive; Nb2O5 from 15.50 mol.% to 21.25 mol.% inclusive; TiO2 from 10.0 mol.% to 22.5 mol.% inclusive; ZrO2 from 3.5 mol.% to 9.5 mol.% inclusive; BaO from 0.0 mol.% to 1.8 mol.% inclusive; Y2O3 from 0.0 mol.% to 1.8 mol.% inclusive; CaO from 0.0 mol.% to 1.1 mol.% inclusive; and Sb2O3 from 0.0 mol.% to 0.9 mol.% inclusive.

[0194] According to a 24th embodiment, the composition of the constituents is 18.0 mol.% or more and 26.0 mol.% or less of WO3, 17.5 mol.% or more and 23.0 mol.% or less of La2O3, 16.75 mol.% or more and 23.00 mol.% or less of B2O3, 16.4 mol.% or more and 20.6 mol.% or less of Nb2O5, 10.0 mol.% or more and 22.0 mol.% or less of TiO2, 4.4 mol.% or more and 8.6 mol.% or less of ZrO2, 0.4 mol.% or more and 1 24. The glass of any one of embodiments 13-23, comprising 0.6 mol.% or less Y2O3, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.% BaO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.0 mol.% CaO, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol.% Sb2O3, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol.% Alk2O, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.% of all other components totaling greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.% Alk2O, where Alk2O is the total alkali metal oxides.

[0195] According to a 25th aspect, the glass has a blue transmittance attribute Q of 1.3 or more. 420 , 6.0g / cm 3 The density at room temperature is d RT , a refractive index n greater than or equal to 2.095 and less than or equal to 2.2 d , and Abbe number ν less than or equal to 28 d 25. The glass of any one of embodiments 13 to 24, having

[0196] According to a 26th embodiment, the glass has a glass transition temperature T g , and a liquidus temperature T below 1150 °C liq 26. The glass of any one of embodiments 13 to 25, having

[0197] Many variations and modifications may be made to the embodiments of the present disclosure described above without departing substantially from the spirit and various principles of the disclosure, and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and protected by the following claims.

[0198] To the extent not already described, different features of the various aspects of the present disclosure may be used in combination with one another as desired. The fact that a particular feature is not explicitly shown or described with respect to each aspect of the present disclosure is not meant to be construed as incapable of being so; it is done for the sake of brevity and clarity of explanation. Thus, various features of different aspects may be mixed and matched as desired to form new aspects, whether or not the new aspects are expressly disclosed.

Claims

1. A glass comprising a plurality of components, the glass comprising: 0.3 mol. % or more and 30.0 mol. % or less of Nb ２ O ５ , 0.3 mol. % or more and 15.0 mol. % or less of ZrO ２ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 28.0 mol. % or less of TiO ２ , La of 0.0 mol. % or more and 28.0 mol. % or less ２ O ３ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less P ２ O ５ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less of PbO, 0.0 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less of GeO ２ , Bi of 0 mol. % or more and 0.12 mol. % or less ２ O ３ , RE of 0.0 mol. % or more and 30.0 mol. % or less ｍ O ｎ Including, ●B ２ O ３ +SiO ２ is 5.0 mol. % or more and 35.0 mol. % or less, Optionally, CaO, BaO, ZnO, Na ２ O.W.O. ３ , Al ２ O ３ , Li ２ O, TeO ２ , K. ２ having a composition of components including one or more components selected from O, SrO, and MgO; The composition of the components satisfies the conditions: 0 mol.%≦min (RO, RE ｍ O ｎ , TiO ２ )≦10 mol.%, The glass has the following properties: ●2.092≦P ｎ ≦2.25, and ●P ν <28 is met, During the ceremony, ●P ν is the dispersion parameter, calculated from the glass composition in mol. % of the constituents according to formula (XXI), [Equation 1] ●P ｎ is the refractive index parameter calculated from the glass composition in mol. % of the constituents according to formula (XXIII), [Equation 2] RE ｍ O ｎ is the total amount of rare earth metal oxides, and min(RO, RE ｍ O ｎ , TiO ２ ) is RO, RE ｍ O ｎ , and TiO ２ The asterisk (*) denotes multiplication.

2. The glass A refractive index n of 2.092 or more and 2.25 or less ｄ , and Abbe number ν is 28 or less ｄ 10. The glass of claim 1, wherein

3. The composition of the components is 10.0 mol. % or more and 30.0 mol. % or less B ２ O ３ , 10.0 mol. % or more and 28.0 mol. % or less of La ２ O ３ , 1.0 mol. % or more and 25.0 mol. % or less of Nb ２ O ５ , 1.0 mol. % or more and 25.0 mol. % or less of TiO ２ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 20.0 mol. % or less of SiO ２ , CdO of 0.0 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less, TeO of 0.0 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less ２ , ZnO of 0.0 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less, Sb: 0.0 mol. % or more and 0.3 mol. % or less ２ O ３ , 0.0 x 10 ０ mol. % or more and 0.005 mol. % or less of Cu+Co, RE of 10.0 mol. % or more and 30.0 mol. % or less ｍ O ｎ , Contains 0.0 at. % or more and 1.0 at. % or less of F, Nb ２ O ５ + TiO ２ is 20.0 mol. % or more and 45.0 mol. % or less, Nb ２ O ５ +La ２ O ３ +Gd ２ O ３ +Y ２ O ３ is 5.0 mol. % or more and 45.0 mol. % or less, ZrO ２ +WO ３ the total of is 3.0 mol. % or more and 40.0 mol. % or less, ●Li ２ O + Na ２ O+K ２ The total of O is 0.0 mol. % or more and 15.0 mol. % or less, The total of MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO is 0.0 mol. % or more and 15.0 mol. % or less, The composition of the components is ●Bi ２ O ３ Substantially free of - Substantially free of PbO, ●ThO ２ Substantially free of Substantially free of V, Fe, Cr, and Ni; The glass has the following properties: ●0 mol. %≦min(RE ｍ O ｎ , TiO ２ , Nb ２ O ５ )≦18 mol.%, In the formula, the chemical formula means the content of the corresponding component in the glass, and min(RE ｍ O ｎ , TiO ２ , Nb ２ O ５ ) is RE ｍ O ｎ , TiO ２ , and Nb ２ O ５ 3. The glass according to claim 1, wherein the concentration (in mol%) of

4. The glass has the following properties: ●P Ｑ４２０ -(31.1-14.1*P ｎ ) > 0.000, In the formula, P Ｑ４２０ is a transmittance evaluation parameter calculated from the glass composition in mol. % of the constituents according to formula (XXII), [Equation 3] R ２ O is the sum of monovalent metal oxides, and Alk ２ O is the sum of alkali metal oxides, RO is the sum of divalent metal oxides, max(O, Sb ２ O ３ -0.015*Alk ２ O) is zero and the difference (Sb ２ O ３ -0.015*Alk ２ 4. The glass of claim 1, wherein "exp" refers to the exponential function and "ln" refers to the natural logarithm.

5. The composition of the components is GeO ２ + TeO ２ the total of is 0.0 mol. % or more and 5.0 mol. % or less, The total of V+Fe+Cr+Co+Ni+Cu+Sb is 0.000 at. % or more and 0.030 at. % or less, The composition of the components is ● Virtually free of arsenic ● Virtually fluorine-free - Substantially free of PbO, ●ThO ２ The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is substantially free of

6. The composition of the components is 15.0 mol. % or more and 30.0 mol. % or less WO ３ , 15.0 mol. % or more and 25.0 mol. % or less B ２ O ３ , 15.0 mol. % or more and 25.0 mol. % or less of La ２ O ３ , 15.0 mol. % or more and 25.0 mol. % or less of Nb ２ O ５ , 0.3 mol. % or more and 28.0 mol. % or less of TiO ２ , 0.3 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less of ZrO ２ , BaO in an amount of 0.0 mol. % or more and 2.0 mol. % or less, and Y of 0.0 mol. % or more and 2.0 mol. % or less ２ O ３ 6. The glass of claim 1 , comprising:

7. The composition of the components comprises the following components: 18.0 mol. % or more and 26.5 mol. % or less WO ３ , 17.00 mol. % or more and 23.25 mol. % or less of La ２ O ３ , 15.5 mol. % or more and 24.0 mol. % or less B ２ O ３ , 15.50 mol. % or more and 21.25 mol. % or less of Nb ２ O ５ , 10.0 mol. % or more and 22.5 mol. % or less of TiO ２ , 3.5 mol. % or more and 9.5 mol. % or less ZrO ２ , BaO of 0.0 mol. % or more and 1.8 mol. % or less, Y of 0.0 mol. % or more and 1.8 mol. % or less ２ O ３ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 1.1 mol. % or less of CaO, and Sb: 0.0 mol. % or more and 0.9 mol. % or less ２ O ３ The glass of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising one or more of:

8. The composition of the components is 18.0 mol. % or more and 26.0 mol. % or less WO ３ , La of 17.5 mol. % or more and 23.0 mol. % or less ２ O ３ , 16.75 mol. % or more and 23.00 mol. % or less B ２ O ３ , 16.4 mol. % or more and 20.6 mol. % or less of Nb ２ O ５ , 10.0 mol. % or more and 22.0 mol. % or less of TiO ２ , 4.4 mol. % or more and 8.6 mol. % or less ZrO ２ , Y of 0.4 mol. % or more and 1.6 mol. % or less ２ O ３ , BaO of 0.0 mol. % or more and 2.0 mol. % or less, 0.0 mol. % or more and 1.0 mol. % or less of CaO, 0.0 mol. % or more and 0.5 mol. % or less of Sb ２ O ３ , and Alk: 0.0 mol. % or more and 3.0 mol. % or less ２ O, and Contains a total of 0.0 mol. % or more and 5.0 mol. % or less of all other components, Alk ２ 8. The glass according to claim 1, wherein O is the sum of alkali metal oxides.

9. The glass Blue transmittance attribute Q is 1.3 or more ４２０ , 6.0 g / cm ３ The density at room temperature is d ＲＴ , and A refractive index n of 2.095 or more and 2.2 or less ｄ The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 8, having

10. The glass Glass transition temperature T is 700°C or less ｇ , and Liquidus temperature T is 1150°C or less ｌｉｑ The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9, having

11. A glass comprising a plurality of components, the glass comprising: 10.0 mol. % or more and 30.0 mol. % or less B ２ O ３ , 0.3 mol. % or more and 28.5 mol. % or less of TiO ２ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 30.0 mol. % or less of SiO ２ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 30.0 mol. % or less P ２ O ５ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less of PbO, 0.0 x 10 ０ mol. % or more and 0.005 at. % or less of Cu+Co, RE of 0.0 mol. % or more and 28.5 mol. % or less ｍ O ｎ Including, Nb ２ O ５ +La ２ O ３ +Gd ２ O ３ +Y ２ O ３ the total of is 0.0 mol. % or more and 44.5 mol. % or less, ●R ２ The sum of O and RO is 0.0 mol. % or more and 25.0 mol. % or less, The total of V+Fe+Cr+Ni is 0.0 at. % or more and 1.0 at. % or less, Optionally, ZrO ２ , W.O. ３ , Al ２ O ３ , Bi ２ O ３ , GeO ２ , and TeO ２ and a composition of said components comprising one or more components selected from The glass has the following properties: ●P ｎ >1.8, and ●P Ｑ４２０ -(31.1-14.1*P ｎ ) > 0.000, In the formula, P ｎ is the refractive index parameter calculated from the glass composition in mol. % of the constituents according to formula (XXIII), [Equation 4] P Ｑ４２０ is a transmittance evaluation parameter calculated from the glass composition in mol. % of the constituents according to formula (XXII), [Equation 5] RE ｍ O ｎ is the total amount of rare earth metal oxides, and R ２ O is the sum of monovalent metal oxides, and Alk ２ O is the sum of alkali metal oxides, RO is the sum of divalent metal oxides, max(O, Sb ２ O ３ -0.015*Alk ２ O) is zero and the difference (Sb ２ O ３ -0.015*Alk ２ 0), "exp" refers to the exponential function, "ln" refers to the natural logarithm, and an asterisk (*) means multiplication.

12. The glass Refractive index n is 1.8 or more ｄ and The glass has the following properties: ●Q ４２０ -(31.1-14.1*n ｄ ) > 0.000, In the formula, Q ４２０ is the blue transmittance attribute, calculated by equation (VIII), : ４２０ ______ ３６５ ) ＵＶ ....... In the formula, k ３６５ is the optical absorption coefficient of the glass at a wavelength of 365 nm calculated by formula (II), [Equation 6] B ＵＶ is the coefficient calculated by formula (XVIII), [Equation 7] d is the thickness of the glass, and τ ｉｎｔ、ｄ、３６５ is the internal transmittance of the glass having a thickness d at a wavelength of 365 nm, and τ ｉｎｔ、１０、３７０ is the internal transmittance of the glass having a thickness of 10 mm at a wavelength of 370 nm, and τ ｉｎｔ、１０、３６０ 12. The glass of claim 11, wherein ln is the internal transmittance of the glass having a thickness of 10 mm at a wavelength of 360 nm, and "ln" refers to the natural logarithm.

13. The composition of the components is 10.0 mol. % or more and 28.5 mol. % or less of La ２ O ３ , 1.0 mol. % or more and 25.0 mol. % or less of TiO ２ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 25.0 mol. % or less of Nb ２ O ５ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 20.0 mol. % or less of SiO ２ , Bi content of 0.0 mol. % or more and 15.0 mol. % or less ２ O ３ , CdO of 0.0 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less, 0.0 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less of GeO ２ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less P ２ O ５ , TeO of 0.0 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less ２ , ZnO of 0.0 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less, 0.0 mol. % or more and 5.0 mol. % or less of PbO, 0.0 mol. % or more and 5.0 mol. % or less of ThO ２ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 0.5 mol. % or less of Sb ２ O ３ , 0.0 at. % or more and 1.0 at. % or less of F, 20.0 mol. % or more and 45.0 mol. % or less of Nb ２ O ５ + TiO ２ The sum of 5.0 mol. % or more and 44.5 mol. % or less of Nb ２ O ５ +La ２ O ３ +Gd ２ O ３ +Y ２ O ３ The sum of 3.0 mol. % or more and 40.0 mol. % or less ZrO ２ +WO ３ The sum of Lithium of 0.0 mol. % or more and 15.0 mol. % or less ２ O + Na ２ O+K ２ The sum of O A total of MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO of 0.0 mol. % or more and 15.0 mol. % or less, and Y of 0.0 mol. % or more and 15.0 mol. % or less ２ O ３ +Gd ２ O ３ + Er ２ O ３ including the sum of The composition of the components is The glass according to claim 11 or 12, which is substantially free of V, Fe, Cr, and Ni.

14. The composition comprises: 0.0 mol. % or more and 5.0 mol. % or less of GeO ２ + TeO ２ the sum of, and Contains a total of V, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Sb of 0.000 at. % or more and 0.030 at. % or less, The composition of the components is ● Virtually free of arsenic ● Virtually fluorine-free - Substantially free of PbO, ●ThO ２ The glass according to any one of claims 11 to 13, which is substantially free of

15. The composition of the components is 15.0 mol. % or more and 30.0 mol. % or less WO ３ , 15.0 mol. % or more and 25.0 mol. % or less B ２ O ３ , 15.0 mol. % or more and 25.0 mol. % or less of La ２ O ３ , 15.0 mol. % or more and 25.0 mol. % or less of Nb ２ O ５ , 0.3 mol. % or more and 10.0 mol. % or less of ZrO ２ , BaO in an amount of 0.0 mol. % or more and 2.0 mol. % or less, and Y of 0.0 mol. % or more and 2.0 mol. % or less ２ O ３ The glass of any one of claims 11 to 14, comprising:

16. The composition of the components is as follows: 18.0 mol. % or more and 26.5 mol. % or less WO ３ , 17.00 mol. % or more and 23.25 mol. % or less of La ２ O ３ , 15.5 mol. % or more and 24.0 mol. % or less B ２ O ３ , 15.50 mol. % or more and 21.25 mol. % or less of Nb ２ O ５ , 10.0 mol. % or more and 22.5 mol. % or less of TiO ２ , 3.5 mol. % or more and 9.5 mol. % or less ZrO ２ , BaO of 0.0 mol. % or more and 1.8 mol. % or less, Y of 0.0 mol. % or more and 1.8 mol. % or less ２ O ３ , 0.0 mol. % or more and 1.1 mol. % or less of CaO, and Sb: 0.0 mol. % or more and 0.9 mol. % or less ２ O ３ The glass of any one of claims 11 to 15, comprising one or more of:

17. The composition of the components is 18.0 mol. % or more and 26.0 mol. % or less WO ３ , La of 17.5 mol. % or more and 23.0 mol. % or less ２ O ３ , 16.75 mol. % or more and 23.00 mol. % or less B ２ O ３ , 16.4 mol. % or more and 20.6 mol. % or less of Nb ２ O ５ , 10.0 mol. % or more and 22.0 mol. % or less of TiO ２ , 4.4 mol. % or more and 8.6 mol. % or less ZrO ２ , Y of 0.4 mol. % or more and 1.6 mol. % or less ２ O ３ , BaO of 0.0 mol. % or more and 2.0 mol. % or less, 0.0 mol. % or more and 1.0 mol. % or less of CaO, 0.0 mol. % or more and 0.5 mol. % or less of Sb ２ O ３ , and Alk: 0.0 mol. % or more and 3.0 mol. % or less ２ O, and Contains a total of 0.0 mol. % or more and 5.0 mol. % or less of all other components, Alk ２ 17. The glass of claim 11, wherein O is the sum of alkali metal oxides.

18. The glass Blue transmittance attribute Q is 1.3 or more ４２０ , 6.0 g / cm ３ The density at room temperature is d ＲＴ , A refractive index n of 2.095 or more and 2.2 or less ｄ , and Abbe number ν is 28 or less ｄ The glass of any one of claims 11 to 17, having

19. The glass Glass transition temperature T is 700°C or less ｇ , and Liquidus temperature T is 1150°C or less ｌｉｑ The glass of any one of claims 11 to 18, having

Images