System and method for optimizing carbon dioxide capture using adsorbents

Abstract

A method for capturing carbon dioxide. The method comprises receiving a gas flow through one or more adsorption beds, each of which comprises one or more adsorption modules, each comprising one or more solid adsorbent materials having one or more adsorbent properties. Furthermore, the method comprises receiving a regulating fluid flow used to control the temperature of one or more adsorption modules through a contactor, adsorbing carbon dioxide from the gas flow via one or more solid adsorbent materials, and discharging the exhaust flow through one or more adsorption beds. The method further comprises regulating the temperature of one or more adsorption modules based on one or more adsorbent properties of one or more solid adsorbent materials to facilitate an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide captured by one or more adsorption beds and subsequently released.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to capture systems and methods, and more specifically to systems and methods that utilize the physical and chemical properties of one or more adsorbents in an adsorption bed to facilitate the optimization of carbon dioxide gas adsorption and desorption by an adsorption bed. [Background technology]

[0002] At least some known industrial and power generation processes can result in the generation of gaseous flows containing pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2). To facilitate the removal of pollutants from the gaseous flows before releasing the exhaust flows into the atmosphere, at least some known systems include capture systems. For example, to facilitate the reduction of the amount of CO2 undesirably released into the atmosphere, capture systems can be used to capture CO2 and store it underground.

[0003] At least some known capture systems use an adsorption bed to capture CO2. In some of these capture systems, an adsorbent material can be used with the adsorption bed to improve the adsorption and desorption of CO2. To facilitate an increase in the amount of CO2 captured, at least some known capture systems use direct heating and cooling of the adsorption bed. However, direct heating and cooling can contaminate the adsorbent material.

[0004] In some known systems, solid adsorbent materials can be used with an adsorption bed to improve CO2 adsorption and desorption, and to improve adsorption capacity and efficiency, in contrast to conventional liquid amine-based CO2 capture processes. Chemioadsorbents, a type of solid adsorbent material, adsorb CO2 through reversible chemical reactions and the formation of ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, and / or ammonium bicarbonate. Examples of chemioadsorbents include metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). However, the effectiveness of chemioadsorbent systems may be limited based on the chemical structure and / or thickness of the chemioadsorbent material. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 136405 [Overview of the project]

[0006] Therefore, there is a need for capture systems and methods that optimize the efficiency and productivity of carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption by an adsorption bed using the physical and chemical properties of one or more solid adsorbents.

[0007] In one embodiment, a method for capturing carbon dioxide is provided. The method comprises receiving a gas flow through one or more adsorption beds, each of which comprises one or more adsorption modules, each comprising one or more solid adsorbent materials having one or more adsorbent properties. Furthermore, the method comprises receiving a regulated fluid flow, which includes a low-temperature flow and a high-temperature flow, used to control the temperature of one or more adsorption modules, through a contactor; adsorbing carbon dioxide from the gas flow via one or more solid adsorbent materials; and discharging the exhaust flow through one or more adsorption beds. The method further comprises regulating the temperature of one or more adsorption modules based on one or more adsorbent properties of one or more solid adsorbent materials in order to facilitate an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide captured by one or more adsorption beds and subsequently released.

[0008] In another aspect, a capture system for use in capturing carbon dioxide is provided. The capture system includes one or more adsorption beds including one or more adsorption modules, the one or more adsorption modules including one or more solid adsorbent materials having one or more adsorbent properties, the one or more adsorption beds being oriented to receive a gas stream, adsorb carbon dioxide from the gas stream through the one or more solid adsorbent materials, and discharge an exhaust stream. The capture system further includes a contactor oriented to receive a conditioning fluid stream used to control the temperature of the one or more adsorption modules, and a controller configured to adjust the temperature of the one or more adsorption modules based on one or more of the adsorbent properties of the one or more solid adsorbent materials to facilitate an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide captured by the one or more adsorption beds and later released.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary capture system that can be used to capture CO2. [Figure 2] FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of an exemplary adsorption module that can be used with the capture system of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary capture system that can be used to capture CO2. [Figure 4] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary control system that can be used with the capture systems of FIGS. 1 and 3. [Figure 5] FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for capturing CO2.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0010] Embodiments described herein relate to systems and methods for optimizing the efficiency and productivity of carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption by an adsorption bed using the physical and chemical properties of solid adsorbents such as chemiosorbents. Advantages of the systems described herein over the prior art include, at a minimum, (i) improved efficiency and performance of carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption by changing the chemical properties of one or more adsorbents in the adsorption bed, such as their chemical structure; (ii) improved efficiency and performance of carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption by changing the physical properties of one or more adsorbents in the adsorption bed, such as their thickness; and (iii) improved efficiency and performance of carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption by changing the chemical and / or physical properties of one or more adsorbents throughout the adsorption bed.

[0011] When describing elements of the various embodiments disclosed herein, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” are intended to indicate that there is one or more of those elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be comprehensive and to indicate that there may be further elements other than those listed.

[0012] Unless otherwise specified, the approximation terms used herein, such as “approximately,” “substantially,” and “about,” indicate that the terms thus modified may only apply to an approximate degree as recognized by those skilled in the art, and not to an absolute or complete degree. Therefore, values ​​modified with terms such as “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially” are not limited to the exact values ​​specified. In at least some cases, the approximation terms can correspond to the precision of the instrument used to measure the value. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, terms such as “first,” “second,” and so on are used herein merely as indicators and are not intended to impose any order, position, or hierarchical requirements on the items they refer to. Moreover, a reference to, for example, “second” does not require, nor exclude, the existence of, for example, “first” or a lesser-numbered item, or “third” or a more-numbered item.

[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary capture system 100 that may be used to capture CO2 using an adsorption bed 102. In an exemplary embodiment, the adsorption bed 102 includes at least one adsorption module 104. More specifically, in an exemplary embodiment, the adsorption bed 102 includes four adsorption modules 104a to 104d. In some embodiments, the capture system 100 may include more or fewer than four adsorption modules 104. Furthermore, in an exemplary embodiment, the adsorption bed 102 includes an inlet 106 and an outlet 108. The inlet 106 and outlet 108 are oriented in operation to guide a gas flow 110 received through the inlet 106 in series through each adsorption module 104 toward the outlet 108. As the gas flow 110 is guided through each adsorption module 104, the adsorption bed 102 captures CO2 from the gas flow 110 and discharges the exhaust flow 112, which has lost CO2, through the outlet 108.

[0014] In general, the gas stream 110 may be any suitable gas known in the art that contains the contaminants to be removed. For example, the gas stream 110 may be air, flue gas, after-combustion gas, natural gas, and / or a combination thereof. In exemplary embodiments, the gas stream 110 contains CO2. In some embodiments, CO2 may be present in the gas stream 110 in a range of about 400 ppm to about 15 volume%. In other embodiments, CO2 may be present in the gas stream 110 in a range of about 0.04 volume% to about 30 volume%.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the CO2 concentration in the gas flow 110 is generally highest when the gas flow 110 enters the inlet 106. As the CO2 is adsorbed by each subsequent adsorption module 104, the CO2 concentration in the gas flow 110 decreases as the gas flow 110 is guided through the adsorption modules 104a to 104d to the outlet 108. In an exemplary embodiment, the CO2 concentration in the gas flow 110 flowing through the adsorption modules 104a to 104d is lowest at the outlet 108.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, the adsorption module 104 includes a contactor 114. The contactor 114 includes a contactor inlet 118, a contactor outlet 120, and a fluid circuit 202 (shown in Figure 2) defined between the contactor inlet 118 and the contactor outlet 120 and extending from the contactor inlet 118 to the contactor outlet 120. In an exemplary embodiment, the adsorption module 104 further includes a plate 204 (shown in Figure 2) coated with an adsorbent 116 in solid form to facilitate the adsorption of CO2. For example, the adsorbent 116 may be in the form of a powder, a composite mixed with a binder, a film or coating, a packed bed, and / or a column. In some embodiments, the adsorbent 116 may be the same in each adsorption module 104. In other embodiments, the adsorbent 116 may differ in at least one adsorption module 104. In an exemplary embodiment, the contactor 114 and the plate 204 are adjacent to each other to facilitate indirect heating and / or cooling of the adsorbent 116 coated on the plate 204.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the flow 122 received through the contactor inlet 118 facilitates temperature regulation of the adsorbent 116 coated on the plate 204 via heat transfer between the flow 122 flowing through the fluid circuit 202 (shown in Figure 2) and the plate 204. For example, the temperature of the flow 122 T reg Using this, the control temperature T of the adsorption module 104 cntlThe temperature can be increased or decreased. In some embodiments, the flow 122 may be in the form of a liquid. In other embodiments, the flow 122 may be in the form of a gas. Convection between the flow 122 flowing through the fluid circuit 202 and the adsorbent 116 coated on the plate 204 facilitates temperature control of the adsorbent 116 without the risk of contamination that may arise from direct contact with the flow 122. The design of the contactor 114 shown in Figure 2 is intended to be illustrative and not to limit the design of the contactor 114. For example, in some embodiments, the design of the contactor 114 may differ from the design shown in Figure 2 for one or more adsorption modules 104.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, flow 122 consists of a mixture of low-temperature flow 132 and high-temperature flow 134, which exits from the contactor outlet 120 as a mixed flow 123. The mixture of low-temperature flow 132 and high-temperature flow 134 facilitates temperature control of the adsorbent 116. For example, the control temperature T of the adsorption module 104. cntl To control the low temperature T cld Low temperature flow 132 and high temperature T hot Using a mixture with the high-temperature flow 134, the temperature of flow 122 is adjusted to T reg The temperature can be raised or lowered. In some embodiments, each of the low-temperature flow 132 and the high-temperature flow 134 contains water, i.e., H2O, in either liquid (e.g., water) or gaseous (e.g., steam) form. For example, H2O may be present in the low-temperature flow 132 and / or high-temperature flow 134 in an amount ranging from about 50% to 100% by volume. In other embodiments, the low-temperature flow 132 and / or high-temperature flow 134 may contain a non-aqueous fluid.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, the capture system 100 further includes a controller 124 that dynamically adjusts the operation of the capture system 100. For example, the controller 124 adjusts the flow temperature T of the flow 122, as further described herein. reg By changing the control temperature T of at least one adsorption module 104, cntlBy controlling it, the optimization of CO2 capture can be facilitated, and the temperature change is based on the physical and / or chemical properties of the adsorbent 116.

[0020] The controller 124 facilitates the adjustment of the temperature of each adsorption module 104a - 104d by monitoring the temperature of the stream 122 and / or the temperature of the adsorbent 116 across the plate 204 (shown in FIG. 2). For example, the controller 124 uses the contactor sensor 126 (shown in FIG. 4) to monitor the adjusted temperature T of the stream 122. reg It can be monitored. Further, for example, the controller 124 uses the module sensor 128 (shown in FIG. 4) to monitor the controlled temperature T of at least one adsorption module 104. cntl It can be monitored.

[0021] In an operating situation where the controlled temperature T of at least one adsorption module 104 is lower than the desired temperature, the controller 124 can indirectly increase the temperature of at least one adsorption module 104 by selectively increasing the adjusted temperature T of the stream 122. Alternatively, in an operating situation where the controlled temperature T of at least one adsorption module 104 is higher than the desired temperature, the controller 124 can indirectly decrease the temperature of at least one adsorption module 104 by selectively decreasing the adjusted temperature T of the stream 122. cntl In an operating situation where the controlled temperature T of at least one adsorption module 104 is lower than the desired temperature, the controller 124 can indirectly increase the temperature of at least one adsorption module 104 by selectively increasing the adjusted temperature T of the stream 122. reg In an operating situation where the controlled temperature T of at least one adsorption module 104 is lower than the desired temperature, the controller 124 can indirectly increase the temperature of at least one adsorption module 104 by selectively increasing the adjusted temperature T of the stream 122. Alternatively, in an operating situation where the controlled temperature T of at least one adsorption module 104 is higher than the desired temperature, the controller 124 can indirectly decrease the temperature of at least one adsorption module 104 by selectively decreasing the adjusted temperature T of the stream 122. cntl In an operating situation where the controlled temperature T of at least one adsorption module 104 is higher than the desired temperature, the controller 124 can indirectly decrease the temperature of at least one adsorption module 104 by selectively decreasing the adjusted temperature T of the stream 122. reg In an operating situation where the controlled temperature T of at least one adsorption module 104 is higher than the desired temperature, the controller 124 can indirectly decrease the temperature of at least one adsorption module 104 by selectively decreasing the adjusted temperature T of the stream 122.

[0022] The controller 124 may monitor the adjusted temperature T of the stream 122 using the first valve sensor 127 (shown in FIG. 4) and the second valve sensor 129 (shown in FIG. 4). For example, the first valve sensor 127 (shown in FIG. 4) can monitor the low temperature T of the low temperature stream 132 when the low temperature stream 132 flows through the first valve 142. reg It can be monitored. For example, the first valve sensor 127 (shown in FIG. 4) can monitor the low temperature T of the low temperature stream 132 when the low temperature stream 132 flows through the first valve 142. cld It can be monitored. Further, for example, the second valve sensor 129 (shown in FIG. 4) can monitor the high temperature T of the high temperature stream 134 when the high temperature stream 134 flows through the second valve 144.hot It can be monitored.

[0023] Control temperature T of at least one adsorption module 104 cntl In operating conditions where the temperature is lower than the desired temperature, the controller 124 detects the high temperature T of the high-temperature flow 134 as detected by the first valve sensor 127 and / or the second valve sensor 129. hot and / or low temperature T of low-temperature flow 132 cld Based on this, the flow rate of the high-temperature flow 134 through the second valve 144 can be selectively increased and / or the flow rate of the low-temperature flow 132 through the first valve 142 can be selectively decreased. Alternatively, the control temperature T of at least one adsorption module 104 can be controlled. cntl In operating conditions where the temperature is higher than the desired temperature, the controller 124 detects the high temperature T of the high-temperature flow 134 as detected by the first valve sensor 127 and / or the second valve sensor 129. hot and / or low temperature T of low-temperature flow 132 cld Based on this, the flow rate of the high-temperature flow 134 through the second valve 144 can be selectively reduced and / or the flow rate of the low-temperature flow 132 through the first valve 142 can be selectively increased. In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 124 facilitates temperature control of each adsorption module 104a to 104d by simultaneously monitoring the flow rate and temperature of the flow 122. The controller 124 can facilitate temperature control of each adsorption module 104a to 104d depending on whether the adsorption module 104 is adsorbing or desorbing CO2.

[0024] Generally, the temperature T of flow 122 is adjusted. reg Consequently, the temperature of the adsorption module 104 may be any suitable temperature known in the art that facilitates CO2 capture by the system described herein. In an exemplary embodiment, the adjustment temperature T of the flow 122 reg This is monitored in each adsorption module 104a to 104d. In some embodiments, the flow temperature T of 122 is adjusted. regThis may be substantially uniform across each adsorption module 104. In other embodiments, the flow temperature T of the flow 122 is adjusted. reg This may vary across different adsorption modules 104a to 104d.

[0025] In general, the flow rates of flow 122 and mixed flow 123 may be any suitable flow rates known in the art that facilitate CO2 capture by the system described herein. In exemplary embodiments, the flow rate of flow 122 is monitored within each adsorption module 104a-104d, and the flow rate of mixed flow 123 exiting each adsorption module 104a-104d is monitored. In some embodiments, the flow rates of flow 122 and / or mixed flow 123 may be substantially uniform across each adsorption module 104a-104d. In other embodiments, the flow rates of flow 122 and / or mixed flow 123 may vary across different adsorption modules 104a-104d.

[0026] Furthermore, the controller 124 adjusts the flow temperature T in any of the adsorption modules 104a to 104d. reg The temperature T of the flow 122 can be changed. For example, one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d may include one or more module sensors 128 (shown in Figure 4). Thus, the controller 124 can adjust the temperature T of the flow 122 in any or all of the adsorption modules 104a to 104d. reg It is possible to generate a temperature profile that includes a variety of values.

[0027] Adjustment temperature T for flow 122 regThis can be based on the temperature of an extractive flow (not shown) from a steam turbine (not shown). For example, the steam turbine may be part of a combined cycle power plant (not shown), and the extractive flow from the steam turbine is used to change the temperature of flow 122. In some embodiments, the extractive flow can heat flow 122 by convection transfer through one or more heat exchangers (not shown) to heat the high-temperature flow 134 directly or indirectly, instead of mixing the low-temperature flow 132 and the high-temperature flow 134.

[0028] Furthermore, the controller 124 can easily adjust the temperature of each adsorption module 104a to 104d by monitoring the flow rate of the mixed flow 123 through the third valve 146. For example, the controller can monitor the flow rate of the mixed flow 123 exiting adsorption module 104 using a third valve sensor 147 (shown in Figure 4). The control temperature T of at least one adsorption module 104 cntl In operating conditions where the temperature is lower and / or higher than the desired temperature, the controller 124 can selectively change the flow rate of the mixed flow 123 through the third valve 146 depending on whether the adsorption module 104 is adsorbing or desorbing CO2.

[0029] Generally, the high temperature T of the high-temperature flow 134 hot and the low temperature T of the low-temperature flow 132 cld Therefore, the temperature T of the flow 122 is adjusted. reg and the control temperature T of the adsorption module 104 cntl This may be any suitable temperature known in the art that facilitates CO2 capture and release by the system described herein. In an exemplary embodiment, the adjustment temperature T of flow 122 reg This is monitored in each adsorption module 104a to 104d. In some embodiments, the flow temperature T of 122 is adjusted. reg This may be substantially uniform across each of the adsorption modules 104a to 104d. In other embodiments, the flow temperature T of the flow 122 is adjusted. regThis may vary across different adsorption modules 104a to 104d.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 124 facilitates temperature control of each adsorption module 104a-104d based on the physical and / or chemical properties of the adsorbent 116. For example, the adsorption and / or desorption capacity of the adsorption bed 102 is controlled by the control temperature T of one or more adsorption modules 104a-104d based on the chemical structure of the adsorbent 116 in one or more adsorption modules 104a-104d. cntl This can be controlled by changing the adsorption bed 102. Generally, the efficiency of the adsorption bed 102 is improved by changing the chemical structure of the adsorbent 116 based on the concentration of CO2 in the gas stream 110 that is introduced through the adsorption modules 104a to 104d. The adsorbent 116 may be any suitable adsorbent known in the art that promotes CO2 capture as described herein, including, but is not limited to, metal-organic frame (MOF) compounds. Generally, the properties of the adsorbent 116 that best result in improving the CO2 adsorption and / or desorption capacity are desirable for one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d where the CO2 concentration in the gas stream 110 is highest.

[0031] As used herein, MOF compounds are a class of compounds comprising metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional structures. The metal ions or clusters are bound by multidirectional organic ligands that act as binding sites and linkers in the network structure. MOF compounds possess modularity, enabling synthetic control, thereby providing fine chemical and structural control. Properties such as porosity, stability, particle morphology, and conductivity can be tuned to specific applications. Therefore, altering the chemical structure of adsorbent 116 may include, but is not limited to, alterations of porosity, stability, particle morphology, and / or conductivity.

[0032] In some embodiments, the adsorbent 116 may be an MOF compound comprising an MOF metal or metal-containing cluster and an MOF linker. For example, the MOF metal may be any suitable MOF metal known in the art that facilitates the adsorbent 116 described herein. In some embodiments, the MOF metal is a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, Ca, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, their ions, their hydrates, their salts, their halides, their fluorides, their chlorides, their bromides, their iodides, their nitrates, their acetates, their sulfates, their phosphates, their carbonates, their oxides, their formates, their carboxylates, and combinations thereof. In other embodiments, the MOF metal may include Mg. Thus, altering the chemical structure of the adsorbent 116 may include, but is not limited to, alterations of the MOF compound and / or the MOF linker.

[0033] In some embodiments, the MOF metal-containing cluster may be any suitable MOF metal-containing cluster known in the art that facilitates the adsorbent 116 described herein. For example, the MOF metal-containing cluster may include MOF metal nodes and linker struts. Furthermore, for example, the MOF metal-containing cluster may include MOF metal-oxy clusters.

[0034] In some embodiments, the MOF linker may be any suitable MOF linker known in the art that facilitates the adsorbent 116 described herein. Generally, the geometric shape and connectivity of the linker contribute to the structure of the resulting MOF compound. Adjustments to the geometric shape, length, ratio, and functional groups of the linker can be used to adjust the size, shape, and internal surface properties of the MOF compound to suit the intended application. Thus, altering the chemical structure of the adsorbent 116 may include, but is not limited to, alterations to the geometric shape, size, shape, and / or internal surface properties.

[0035] The thickness of the adsorbent 116 can be varied in one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d. The adsorbent 116 may be any suitable thickness known in the art that promotes CO2 capture as described herein.

[0036] Generally, the temperature of the gas flow 110 entering the fourth adsorption module 104d is higher than the temperature of the gas flow 110 entering any of the first to third adsorption modules 104a to 104c due to the heat generated by the exothermic process of adsorbing CO2. Therefore, the temperature of the gas flow 110 generally rises from CO2 adsorption as the gas flow 110 is guided from the first adsorption module 104a to the fourth adsorption module 104d. Thus, in an exemplary embodiment, the temperature of the flow 122 is the control temperature T of each adsorption module 104a to 104d. cntl The temperature of the flow 122 varies across different adsorption modules 104a to 104d based on the heat generated in each of the adsorption modules 104a to 104d. For example, the temperature of the flow 122 may be lowest for the fourth adsorption module 104d in order to maximize CO2 capture from the gas flow 110 with the lowest CO2 content among the adsorption modules 104a to 104d. Furthermore, for example, the temperature of the flow 122 may be highest for the first adsorption module 104a in order to manage CO2 capture in the adsorption mode of operation where the gas flow 110 has the highest CO2 content among the adsorption modules 104a to 104d.

[0037] Adjusting the flow temperature T across different adsorption modules 104a to 104d reg By changing the temperature of the mixed flow 123, the controller 124 can facilitate the optimization of CO2 adsorption on the adsorption bed 102 by improving the adsorption and / or desorption capacity of the adsorption bed 102. Generally, increasing the percentage of module capacity used by at least one adsorption module 104a-104d improves the efficiency of the capture system 100. For example, the control temperature T of the subsequent adsorption modules 104a-104d cntlAdjust the flow temperature T 122 across the adsorption modules 104a to 104d to reduce the flow rate. reg By changing the temperature of the mixed flow 123, the percentage of module capacity used by subsequent adsorption modules (adsorption modules 104b-104d, etc.) can be increased, and thus the efficiency of the capture system 100 can be increased.

[0038] Furthermore, the flow temperature T of the adsorbent 116 is adjusted based on the physical properties of the adsorbent 122 across different adsorption modules 104a to 104d. reg By changing the temperature T of the flow 122 across the adsorption modules 104a to 104d to optimize the adsorption of CO2 on the adsorption bed 102 by increasing the adsorption and / or desorption capacity of the adsorption bed 102. For example, the temperature T of the flow 122 across the adsorption modules 104a to 104d to optimize the adsorption and / or desorption of CO2 based on the thickness of the adsorbent 116. reg By varying this, the percentage of module capacity used by one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d can be increased, and therefore the efficiency of the capture system 100 can be increased. In some embodiments, the thickness of the adsorbent 116 can be varied across one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d. In other embodiments, the thickness of the adsorbent 116 can be varied across one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d and within one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d.

[0039] Furthermore, the flow temperature T of the adsorbent 116 is adjusted based on the chemical properties of the adsorbent 122 across different adsorption modules 104a to 104d. reg By changing the adsorption and / or desorption capacity of the adsorption bed 102, the controller 124 can facilitate the optimization of CO2 adsorption and / or desorption of the adsorption bed 102. For example, adjusting the flow temperature T of the adsorption 122 across the adsorption modules 104a to 104d to optimize CO2 adsorption and / or desorption based on the chemical structure of the adsorbent 116. regBy changing the flow temperature T, the percentage of module capacity used by one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d can be increased, and therefore the efficiency of the capture system 100 can be increased. reg These can be based on changes in chemical structure properties such as porosity, stability, particle morphology, conductivity, MOF compounds and / or linkers, geometric shape, size, shape, and / or internal surface properties, but are not limited to these. In some embodiments, the chemical structure of the adsorbent 116 can be varied across one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d. In other embodiments, the chemical structure of the adsorbent 116 can be varied across one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d and within one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d.

[0040] Furthermore, by changing the design of the contactor 114 for one or more adsorption modules 104, the adsorption and / or desorption capacity of the adsorption bed 102 can be increased, thereby facilitating the optimization of CO2 adsorption and / or desorption of the adsorption bed 102.

[0041] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an adsorption module 104 including a contactor 114 and a plate 204. In an exemplary embodiment, the contactor 114 includes a fluid circuit 202 extending between a contactor inlet 118 and a contactor outlet 120. The plate 204 is coated with an adsorbent 116 to adsorb CO2. In an exemplary embodiment, the contactor 114 and the plate 204 are positioned close to each other to facilitate indirect heating and / or cooling of the adsorbent coated on the plate 204.

[0042] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary capture system 300 that can be used to capture CO2 using multiple adsorption beds 102. In the exemplary embodiment, the system 300 includes three adsorption beds 102a-102c. The capture system 300 shown in Figure 3 is similar to the capture system 100 (shown in Figure 1), with the differences described below, and therefore the same reference numerals for the same components used in Figure 1 are used in Figure 3. In the exemplary embodiment, the inlets 106 of each adsorption bed 102 are connected in parallel by an inlet line 302. In some embodiments, the capture system 300 may include more or fewer adsorption beds 102a-102c than three.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, the gas flow 110 is guided through an inlet line 302, and the flow rate of the gas flow 110 through each of the respective adsorption beds 102 is controlled via a plurality of respective inlet valves 304. In an exemplary embodiment, each inlet valve 304 communicates with a controller 124, allowing the controller 124 to selectively control the flow rate of the gas flow 110 from the inlet line 302 through the corresponding adsorption bed 102. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, inlet valve 304a controls the flow rate of the gas flow 110 to the adsorption bed 102a. In an exemplary embodiment, the outlets 108 of each of the adsorption beds 102a-102c are coupled in parallel by the outlet line 308 so that the exhaust flow 112 is guided from each adsorption bed 102 through the outlet line 308 and discharged from the capture system 300. Furthermore, the mixed flow 123 output from one or more adsorption beds 102a to 102c can be processed or guided to reuse as a high-temperature flow 134 and / or low-temperature flow 132 in one or more other adsorption beds 102a to 102c via a heat addition or heat removal exchanger (not shown).

[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 124 can control the flow rate of the gas flow 110 to the adsorption beds 102a-102c through the control of the inlet valves 304a-304c. The selective use of at least one adsorption bed 102a-102c to capture CO2 from the gas flow 110 can facilitate the optimization of the efficiency of the capture system 300. For example, the controller 124 can use a minimum number of adsorption beds 102a-102c as needed to facilitate the optimization of CO2 capture from the gas flow 110. Thus, the flow rate of the gas flow 110 to at least one adsorption bed 102a-102c can be adjusted by the controller 124 by selectively opening and closing at least one of the inlet valves 304a-304c. When the adsorption bed 102 is not receiving the gas flow 110, the exhaust isolation valve 306 can be closed. Furthermore, for example, the controller 124 can use two or more of the adsorption beds 102a to 102c in parallel to optimize CO2 capture from the gas flow 110. Thus, the flow rate of the gas flow 110 entering at least one of the adsorption beds 102a to 102c and exiting at least one of the adsorption beds 102a to 102c can be variably adjusted by the controller 124 by selectively opening and closing at least one of the inlet valves 304a to 304c. In an exemplary embodiment, the contactor outlet 120 of each adsorption module 104 is connected in parallel to the outlet line 308.

[0045] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary control system 400 that can be used to capture CO2 in capture systems such as capture system 100 (shown in Figure 1) and / or capture system 300 (shown in Figure 3). In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 124 includes memory 402 and a processor 404. The controller 124 controls the temperature T of the flow 122 and / or mixed flow 123 (shown in Figure 1), but is not limited to this. reg Based on the data received by the contactor sensor 126, the control system 400 can adjust the temperature of one or more suction modules 104a to 104d. The controller 124 adjusts the temperature Treg The temperature of one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d can be adjusted based on a comparison with data stored in memory 402, such as a desired range of values, instructions stored in memory 402, and / or data analyzed by processor 404.

[0046] Furthermore, the controller 124 controls the temperature T of one or more adsorption modules 104, although this is not limited to the controller 124. cntl Based on the data received from the module sensor 128, the control system 400 can adjust the temperature of one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d. The controller 124 controls the temperature T cntl The temperature of one or more adsorption modules 104 can be adjusted based on a comparison with data stored in memory 402, such as a desired range of values, instructions stored in memory 402, and / or data analyzed by processor 404.

[0047] Furthermore, the controller 124 may adjust the temperature of at least one adsorption module 104a-104d based on data received by the control system 400 from the first valve sensor 127, the second valve sensor 129, and / or the third valve sensor 147, including, but not limited to, the temperature and / or flow rate of the flow 122 and / or mixed flow 123. The controller 124 may also adjust the temperature and / or flow rate of the flow 122 and / or mixed flow 123 based on a comparison with data stored in memory 402, including a desired range of temperature and / or flow rate of the flow 122 and / or mixed flow 123, instructions stored in memory 402, and / or data analyzed by the processor 404.

[0048] Furthermore, the controller 124 can adjust the temperature of one or more adsorption modules 104a to 104d based on input data stored by the control system 400, including, but not limited to, the thickness and / or chemical structure of the adsorbent 116 used across and within each of the adsorption modules 104a to 104d, and the resulting CO2 adsorption and desorption capacity. The controller 124 can adjust the temperature and / or flow rate of flow 122 and / or mixed flow 123 based on a comparison with data stored in memory 402, including the CO2 adsorption and desorption capacity of one or more physical and / or chemical properties of the adsorbent 116, instructions stored in memory 402, and / or measurement data analyzed by processor 404.

[0049] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method 500 for capturing CO2. In an exemplary embodiment, method 500 includes step 502 of receiving a gas flow through one or more adsorption beds, each of which comprises one or more adsorption modules, and each of the one or more adsorption modules comprises one or more solid adsorbent materials having one or more adsorbent properties. Furthermore, method 500 includes step 504 of receiving a regulating fluid flow used to control the temperature of one or more adsorption modules by a contactor, the regulating fluid flow comprising a low-temperature flow and a high-temperature flow. Furthermore, method 500 includes step 506 of adsorbing carbon dioxide from the gas flow through one or more solid adsorbent materials and step 508 of discharging the exhaust flow through one or more adsorption beds. Method 500 further includes step 510 of regulating the temperature of one or more adsorption modules based on one or more adsorbent properties of one or more solid adsorbent materials in order to facilitate an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide captured by one or more adsorption beds. Method 500 can be used in, but is not limited to, the capture systems described herein.

[0050] Exemplary systems and methods for optimizing the efficiency and productivity of carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption using the physical and chemical properties of adsorbents are described herein. The exemplary systems and methods described herein offer several advantages over conventional designs and processes, including, at least, improved efficiency and performance of carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption by altering the chemical properties of one or more adsorbents in an adsorption bed, such as chemical structure, but not limited to; improved efficiency and performance of carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption by altering the physical properties of one or more adsorbents in an adsorption bed, such as thickness and geometric shape of the adsorbents, but not limited to; and improved efficiency and performance of carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption by altering the chemical and / or physical properties of one or more adsorbents throughout the adsorption bed.

[0051] The above description is for illustrative purposes only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the scope of the disclosed invention. Modifications that fall within the scope of the invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art in light of the examination of this disclosure, and such modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims. The systems described herein are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and rather, each part of various systems can be used independently of other systems described herein.

[0052] Certain features of various embodiments of the present invention may be shown in some drawings and not in others, but this is merely for convenience. Furthermore, the reference to “one embodiment” in the above description is not intended to be construed as excluding the existence of further embodiments that also incorporate the described features. According to the principles of the present invention, any feature in the drawings may be referenced and / or claimed in combination with any feature in any other drawing.

[0053] Further aspects of the present invention are provided by the subject matter of the following clauses.

[0054] A method for capturing carbon dioxide, comprising: receiving a gas flow by one or more adsorption beds, each comprising one or more adsorption modules, each comprising one or more solid adsorbent materials having one or more adsorbent properties; receiving a regulated fluid flow, including a low-temperature flow and a high-temperature flow, used for controlling the temperature of one or more adsorption modules, via a contactor; adsorbing carbon dioxide from the gas flow via one or more solid adsorbent materials; discharging an exhaust flow through one or more adsorption beds; and adjusting the temperature of one or more adsorption modules based on one or more adsorbent properties of one or more solid adsorbent materials to promote an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide captured by one or more adsorption beds and subsequently released.

[0055] A method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein changing one or more adsorbent properties of one or more solid adsorbent materials includes changing the adsorbent thickness of one or more solid adsorbent materials.

[0056] A method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein changing one or more adsorbent properties of one or more solid adsorbent materials includes changing the adsorbent chemical structure of one or more solid adsorbent materials.

[0057] A method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein changing one or more adsorbent properties of one or more solid adsorbent materials further includes changing one or more of the porosity, geometric shape, size, and form of one or more solid adsorbent materials.

[0058] A method according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the step of adjusting the temperature of one or more adsorption modules includes receiving a low-temperature flow through a low-temperature flow valve and a high-temperature flow through a high-temperature flow valve, and adjusting the flow rate of at least one of the low-temperature flow through the low-temperature flow valve and the high-temperature flow through the high-temperature flow valve.

[0059] A method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the step of adjusting the temperature of one or more adsorption modules further includes adjusting the flow rate of at least one of a low-temperature flow and a high-temperature flow to lower the fluid temperature of the regulated fluid flow in order to facilitate the temperature adjustment of one or more adsorption modules.

[0060] A method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the step of adjusting the temperature of one or more adsorption modules further includes lowering the temperature of one or more adsorption modules in order to facilitate an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide captured by one or more adsorption beds and subsequently released.

[0061] The step of receiving the gas flow includes receiving the gas flow through a plurality of adsorption beds connected in parallel, each of which comprises one or more adsorption modules, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0062] The step of receiving a gas flow comprises receiving the gas flow through one or more adsorption beds, each of which comprises a plurality of adsorption modules connected in series, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0063] A capture system for capturing carbon dioxide, comprising: one or more adsorption beds comprising one or more adsorption modules, each adsorption module comprising one or more solid adsorbent materials having one or more adsorbent properties, the adsorption beds being oriented to receive a gas flow, adsorb carbon dioxide from the gas flow via the one or more solid adsorbent materials, and discharge an exhaust flow; a contactor oriented to receive a regulating fluid flow used to control the temperature of the one or more adsorption modules; and a controller configured to regulate the temperature of the one or more adsorption modules based on one or more adsorbent properties of the one or more solid adsorbent materials in order to facilitate an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide captured by the one or more adsorption beds and subsequently released.

[0064] A capture system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein one or more adsorbent properties include the adsorbent thickness of one or more solid adsorbent materials.

[0065] A capture system according to any of the preceding clauses, comprising one or more adsorbent properties, including the adsorbent chemical structure of one or more solid adsorbent materials.

[0066] The adsorbent chemical structure is a capture system according to any of the preceding clauses, comprising one or more of the following: porosity, geometric shape, size, and form.

[0067] The controlled fluid flow is captured by a system according to either of the preceding clauses, including low-temperature and high-temperature flows.

[0068] A contactor capture system according to either of the preceding clauses, comprising a low-temperature flow valve oriented to receive a low-temperature flow and a high-temperature flow valve oriented to receive a high-temperature flow.

[0069] A capture system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the controller is configured to regulate the temperature of one or more adsorption modules by adjusting the flow rate of at least one of a low-temperature flow and a high-temperature flow.

[0070] A capture system according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising a plurality of contactors oriented to receive a controlled fluid flow, each of which contactors is used to control the temperature of one of one or more adsorption modules, and at least one of the plurality of contactors having a first design, and at least one of the plurality of contactors having a second design.

[0071] A capture system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the controller is further configured to lower the temperature of one or more adsorption modules in order to facilitate an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide captured by one or more adsorption beds and subsequently released.

[0072] A capture system according to any of the preceding clauses, comprising one or more adsorption beds, each of which comprises one or more adsorption modules, wherein the adsorption bed includes a plurality of adsorption beds connected in parallel.

[0073] A capture system comprising one or more adsorption modules, including multiple adsorption modules connected in series, according to any of the preceding clauses.

[0074] While the present invention has been described in relation to various specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention can be implemented with modifications within the spirit and scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0075] 100 Capture Systems 102(102a~102c) Adsorption bed 104 (104a~104d) Adsorption Module 106 Entrance 108 Exit 110 Gas flow 112 Exhaust flow 114 Contactor 116 Adsorbents (Solid Adsorbent Materials) 118 Contactor inlet 120 Contactor outlet 122 Flow (Regulated Fluid Flow) 123 Mixed flow 124 Controllers 126 Contactor Sensor 127 First valve recovery 128 Module Sensors 129 Second valve sensor 132 Low-temperature flow 134 High-temperature flow 142 First valve (low-temperature flow valve) 144 Second valve (high-temperature flow valve) 146 Third valve 147 Third valve sensor 202 Fluid circuit 204 Plate 300 Capture System 302 Entrance Line 304 (304a~304c) Inlet Valve 306 Exhaust isolation valve 308 Exit Line 400 Control Systems 402 memory 404 Processor 502 steps 504 steps 506 steps 508 steps 510 steps

Claims

1. A method for capturing carbon dioxide, The process involves receiving a gas flow (110) through one or more adsorption beds (102) each comprising one or more adsorption modules (104), wherein each adsorption module (104) comprises one or more solid adsorbent materials (116) having one or more adsorbent properties, and the adsorption beds (102) each comprising one or more adsorption beds (102), A control fluid flow (122) used to control the temperature of one or more adsorption modules (104), comprising the step (504) of receiving the control fluid flow (122), which includes a low-temperature flow (132) and a high-temperature flow (134), by a contactor (114), The steps include: (506) adsorbing carbon dioxide from the gas flow (110) via one or more solid adsorbent materials (116); Step (508) of discharging the exhaust flow (112) using one or more adsorption beds (102), Step (510) to adjust the temperature of the one or more adsorption modules (104) based on the adsorbent properties of the one or more solid adsorbent materials (116) in order to promote an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide captured by the one or more adsorption beds (102) and A method that includes this.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein changing one or more adsorbent properties of the one or more solid adsorbent materials (116) includes changing the adsorbent thickness of the one or more solid adsorbent materials (116).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein changing one or more adsorbent properties of the one or more solid adsorbent materials (116) includes changing the adsorbent chemical structure of the one or more solid adsorbent materials (116).

4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising changing one or more adsorbent properties of the one or more solid adsorbent materials (116) by changing one or more of the porosity, geometric shape, size, and form of the one or more solid adsorbent materials (116).

5. The step (510) of adjusting the temperature of one or more adsorption modules (104) is, The low-temperature flow (132) is received via the low-temperature flow valve (142), and the high-temperature flow (134) is received via the high-temperature flow valve (144), To adjust the flow rate of at least one of the low-temperature flow (132) passing through the low-temperature flow valve (142) and the high-temperature flow (134) passing through the high-temperature flow valve (144) The method according to claim 1, including the method described in claim 1.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step (510) of adjusting the temperature of one or more adsorption modules (104) further includes adjusting the flow rate of at least one of the low-temperature flow (132) and the high-temperature flow (134) to lower the fluid temperature of the regulating fluid flow (122) in order to facilitate the temperature adjustment of the one or more adsorption modules (104).

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the step (510) of adjusting the temperature of one or more adsorption modules (104) further comprises lowering the temperature of one or more adsorption modules (104) in order to promote an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide captured by one or more adsorption beds (102) and subsequently released.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (502) of receiving a gas flow (110) includes receiving the gas flow (110) by a plurality of adsorption beds (102a to 102c) connected in parallel, each of the plurality of adsorption beds (102a to 102c) comprises one or more adsorption modules (104).

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (502) of receiving a gas flow (110) includes receiving the gas flow (110) by one or more adsorption beds (102), each of the one or more adsorption beds (102) comprises a plurality of adsorption modules (104a to 104d) connected in series.

10. A capture system (100, 300) used for capturing carbon dioxide, One or more adsorption beds (102) comprising one or more adsorption modules (104), each of which comprises one or more solid adsorbent materials (116) having one or more adsorbent properties, Receiving the gas flow (110), Carbon dioxide is adsorbed from the gas flow (110) via one or more solid adsorbent materials (116). Exhaust flow (112) is discharged. One or more adsorption beds (102) oriented in such a manner, A contactor (114) oriented to receive a regulating fluid flow (122) used to control the temperature of one or more adsorption modules (104), A controller (124) is configured to adjust the temperature of one or more adsorption modules (104) based on the adsorbent properties of one or more solid adsorbent materials (116) in order to promote an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide captured by one or more adsorption beds (102) and subsequently released. A capture system (100, 300) equipped with this system.

11. The capture system (100, 300) according to claim 10, wherein the adsorbent properties of the one or more adsorbent materials (116) include the adsorbent thickness of the one or more solid adsorbent materials (116).

12. The capture system (100, 300) according to claim 10, wherein the one or more adsorbent properties include the adsorbent chemical structure of the one or more solid adsorbent materials (116).

13. The capture system (100, 300) according to claim 12, wherein the adsorbent chemical structure includes one or more of the following: porosity, geometric shape, size, and form.

14. The capture system (100, 300) according to claim 10, wherein the regulated fluid flow (122) includes a low-temperature flow (132) and a high-temperature flow (134).

15. The capture system (100, 300) according to claim 14, wherein the contactor (114) comprises a low-temperature flow valve (142) oriented to receive the low-temperature flow (132) and a high-temperature flow valve (144) oriented to receive the high-temperature flow (134).

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