Pest control mixture containing benzamide compounds

Abstract

A mixture of pest-killing compounds, wherein the active compound is A) Formula (I) [Formula 1] JPEG2026517384000020.jpg21170 contains benzamide compounds, and B) fipronil, λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin, α-cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, sulfoxaflor, triflumesopyrim, spinosad, spinetoram, abamectin, indoxacarb, metaflumizone, spiropidione, spidoxamato, chlorantranililip Roll, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, tetraniliprole, broflanilide, zinpropyridaz, afidopiropene, 1-[6-(2,2-difluoro-7-methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]benzimidazole-6-yl)-5-ethylsulfonyl-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitride), 6-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-2,2-difluoro-7-methyl-[1,3]di A pest-killing mixture comprising oxosol[4,5-f]benzimidazole) and at least one further compound B selected from difenoconazole, prothioconazole, flutriafole, ipconazole, tebuconazole, mefentrifluconazole, triticonazole, fluoxythioconazole, methyltetraprole, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, sedaxane, penflufen, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, pidiflumetofen, isoflucipram, cyclobutrifluram, oxathiapiproline, fluoxapriproline, metalaxyl, picarbtrazox, fludioxonil, thiabendazole, thyram, thiophanatomethyl; a method for controlling invertebrate pests such as insects, spiders or nematodes in and on plants, and protecting such plants from pest infestation, and especially protecting plant reproductive material such as seeds; and the use of these mixtures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a pest control mixture containing, as an active compound, a benzamide compound and at least one further pest control agent. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for applying said mixture.

[0002] Thus, the present invention is a pest control mixture, which contains, as an active compound, A) Compound A which is a compound of formula I:

Chemical formula

[0003] One typical problem that arises in the field of pest control is the need to reduce the dosage of the active ingredient in order to reduce or avoid undesirable environmental or toxicological effects while still enabling effective pest control. Another problem encountered concerns the need to obtain pest control agents that are effective against a broad spectrum of pests.

[0004] Another challenge with the use of pesticides is that repeated, exclusive application of individual pesticides often leads to the rapid selection of pests that acquire natural or adaptive resistance to the active compound in question. Therefore, there is a need for pest control agents that help prevent or overcome resistance.

[0005] International Publication No. 2023058748 describes benzamide compounds of formula I. These compounds are mentioned as being effective in controlling invertebrate pests. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide pesticide mixtures and / or compounds that solve at least one of the problems discussed, such as reducing the dosage rate, enhancing the activity spectrum, or combining knockdown activity with long-term control or resistance management. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] It was found that at least one of these objectives could be achieved by the combination of active compounds defined at the beginning.

[0008] Furthermore, it was found that by applying one or more active compounds A and one or more active compounds B simultaneously, i.e., together or separately, or by applying one or more active compounds A and one or more active compounds B consecutively, pest control can be enhanced compared to the control rate achievable with each compound individually.

[0009] Furthermore, the present invention is - A composition comprising a pesticide mixture as defined herein and at least one inert liquid and / or solid acceptable carrier, - An agricultural composition comprising a pesticide mixture as defined herein and at least one inert liquid and / or solid acceptable carrier. - A method for controlling or eradicating an invertebrate pest or a harmful pathogenic fungus, comprising contacting the pest or its food source, habitat, or breeding ground with an effective amount of a pesticide mixture as defined herein. - A method for protecting plants from attack or parasitism by invertebrate pests or harmful pathogenic fungi, comprising contacting the plant, plant propagation material, or soil or water in which the plant is growing with an effective amount of a pesticide mixture. - Plant propagation material containing a pesticide mixture as defined herein in an amount of 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seeds. - A method for protecting plant propagation material, comprising contacting the plant propagation material with a pesticide mixture as defined herein in an amount of 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of plant propagation material. - Use of pesticide mixtures as defined herein to protect growing plants or plant propagation material from attack or parasitism by invertebrate pests or harmful pathogenic fungi. - A method for controlling plant pathogenic harmful fungi, comprising treating the fungi, their habitat, or plants, soil, or seeds to be protected from fungal attack with an effective amount of a pesticide mixture comprising compound A as defined herein and at least one specific compound B as defined herein. - A method for protecting plants from plant pathogenic fungi, comprising treating a plant, soil, or seed to be protected from fungal attack by a fungus with an effective amount of a pesticide mixture comprising compound A as defined herein and at least one specific compound B as defined herein. Regarding. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] The mixture according to the present invention may be a physical mixture of compound A and at least one compound B. Accordingly, the present invention also provides a mixture comprising compound A and at least one compound B. However, the composition may be any combination of compound A and at least one compound B, and compounds A and B do not need to be present together in the same formulation.

[0011] Examples of compositions according to the invention or compositions used according to the invention in which compound A and at least one compound B are not present together in the same formulation are combipacks. In a combipack, two or more components of the combipack are packaged separately, i.e. not pre-formulated together. Thus, a combipack comprises one or more separate containers such as vials, cans, bottles, pouches, bags or canisters, each container containing a separate component of the agrochemical composition. An example is a two-component combipack. Thus, the invention relates to a two-component combipack comprising, in sequence, a first component comprising compound A, a liquid or solid carrier and, where appropriate, at least one surfactant and / or at least one conventional adjuvant, and, in sequence, a second component comprising at least one compound B, a liquid or solid carrier and, where appropriate, at least one surfactant and / or at least one conventional adjuvant. Further details, such as suitable liquid and solid carriers, surfactants and conventional adjuvants, are described below.

[0012] The “combined” use of compound A “in combination” with at least one compound B can, on the one hand, be understood as using a physical mixture of compound A and at least one compound B. On the other hand, the combined use can consist of using compound A and at least one compound B separately, but within a sufficiently short time of each other so that the desired effect can occur. A more detailed explanation of the combined use can be found hereinbelow in this specification.

[0013] The term “invertebrate pest” (also called an animal pest), as used herein, refers to an animal population that attacks plants and thereby has the potential to cause substantial damage to the attacked plants, such as insects, arachnids and nematodes, and external parasites that parasitize animals, particularly warm-blooded animals such as mammals or birds, or other higher animals such as reptiles, amphibians or fish, and thereby can cause substantial damage to the parasitized animals.

[0014] The term "compound according to the invention", or "compound of formula I", or "compound A" includes the compounds as defined herein and their stereoisomers, salts, tautomers or N-oxides. The term "compound of the invention" should be understood as being equivalent to the term "compound according to the invention" and accordingly this term also includes its stereoisomers, salts, tautomers or N-oxides.

[0015] The term "stereoisomers" encompasses both optical isomers such as enantiomers or diastereoisomers (the latter existing by virtue of the presence of one or more chirality centers within the molecule) and geometric isomers (cis / trans isomers).

[0016] The compounds of formula I have a stereocenter and thus exist as stereoisomers.

[0017] In one embodiment, the compound of formula I is the following stereoisomeric compound I*:

Chemical formula

[0018] The compounds of the invention can be amorphous or can exist in one or more different crystalline states (polymorphs) having different macroscopic properties such as stability or showing different biological properties such as activity. The present invention includes both amorphous and crystalline compounds of formula I, mixtures of different crystalline states of each compound I and their amorphous or crystalline salts.

[0019] The further commercially available compound B can be found in The Pesticide Manual, 18th Edition, British Crop Protection Council (2018) among other publications, and its online database https: / / www.bcpc.org / product / bcpc-online-pesticide-manual-latest-version.

[0020] Compounds M.UN.1 and M.UN.2 are publicly known from International Publication No. 2020013147.

[0021] We found that applying compound I and at least one compound B simultaneously, i.e., together or separately, or applying the compound of formula I and at least one compound B consecutively, allows for better control of animal pests than when each compound is used individually (synergistic mixture).

[0022] The compound of formula I can be used as a synergistic agent for specific insecticidal and fungicidal compounds. By applying the compound of formula I simultaneously with at least one active compound B, i.e., together or separately, the insecticidal activity is additively increased.

[0023] The compound of formula I can exist in different crystalline transformations, which may result in different biological activities.

[0024] A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a pest-killing mixture in which component A and component B are present in total weight ratios of 1000:1 to 1:1000, 500:1 to 1:500, 250:1 to 1:250, 100:1 to 1:100, 50:1 to 1:50, or 10:1 to 1:10.

[0025] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a pesticide mixture in which component A and component B are present in a total weight ratio of 20:1 to 1:500, preferably 10:1 to 1:100, more preferably 10:1 to 1:50, more preferably 10:1 to 1:25, and particularly 10:1 to 1:10.

[0026] In one embodiment, the mixture of the present invention is a mixture of the compound of formula I and component B) selected from the insecticides listed above from groups 1 to 11.

[0027] In one embodiment, the mixture of the present invention comprises the compound of formula I and the compound, fipronil, λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin, α-cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, sulfoxaflor, triflumesopyrim, spinosad, spinetoram, abamectin, indoxacarb, metaflumizone, spiropidione, and spido Xamato, Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, Cyclaniliprole, Tetraniliprole, Brofuranilide, Zinpropyridaz, Afidopiropene, M.UN.1:1-[6-(2,2-difluoro-7-methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]benzimidazole-6-yl)-5-ethylsulfonyl-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitride), M.UN.2 A mixture of 6-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-2,2-difluoro-7-methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]benzimidazole and component B) selected from difenoconazole, prothioconazole, flutriafole, ipconazole, tebuconazole, mefentrifluconazole, triticonazole, fluoxythioconazole, methyltetraprole, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, sedaxane, penflufen, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, pidflumetofen, isoflucipram, cyclobutrifluram, oxathiapiproline, fluoxapriproline, metalaxyl, picarbtrazox, fludioxonil, thiabendazole, thyram, and thiophanatomethyl.

[0028] In preferred embodiments, the mixture of the present invention is a mixture of the compound of formula I and component B) selected from fipronil, λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin, α-cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, spinosad, spinetoram, abamectin, indoxacarb, spiropidione, spidoxamato, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, tetraniliprole, brofuranilide, and zinpropyridaz.

[0029] In a more preferred embodiment, the mixture of the present invention is a mixture of the compound of formula I and component B) selected from λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin, α-cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, spinosad, spinetoram, abamectin, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, brofuranilide, and zinpropyridaz.

[0030] In a more preferred embodiment, the mixture of the present invention is a mixture of the compound of formula I and component B) selected from λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin, α-cypermethrin, clothianidin, spinosad, abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, and brofuranilide.

[0031] In particular, the mixture of the present invention is a mixture selected from mixtures M-1 to M-21.

[0032] [Table 1]

[0033] In one embodiment, the mixture of the present invention is a mixture selected from mixtures N-1 to N-54.

[0034] [Table 2]

[0035] [Table 3]

[0036] [Table 4]

[0037] The preferred mixtures of the present invention are mixtures N-2=M-2, N-3=M-3, N-4=M-4, N-5=M-5, N-7=M-7, N-13=M-10, N-15=M-12, N-20=M-16, and N-24=M-20.

[0038] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as active ingredients, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) fipronil.

[0039] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) an M.3 pyrethroid selected from λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin, and α-cypermethrin.

[0040] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as active ingredients, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) λ-cyhalothrin.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) bifenthrin.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) tefluthrin.

[0043] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) α-cypermethrin.

[0044] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) an M.4 nAChR agonist selected from thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, sulfoxaflor, and triflumezopyrim.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) an M.4 nAChR agonist selected from thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, and imidacloprid.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as active ingredients, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) thiamethoxam.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) clothianidin.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) acetamiprid.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) imidacloprid.

[0050] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) M.5: spinosine, selected from spinosad and spinetrum.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) spinosad.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) spinetrum.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) abamectin.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) indoxacarb.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) an inhibitor of M.23 acetyl-CoA carboxylase, selected from spiropidione and spidoxamato.

[0056] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) a spiropidione.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) a spidoxamato.

[0058] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) an M.28 ryanodine receptor modulator selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, and tetraniliprole.

[0059] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) chlorantraniliprole.

[0060] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) cyantraniliprole.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) cyclaniliprole.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) tetraniliprole.

[0063] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) brofuranilide.

[0064] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, A) a compound of formula I as defined above, and B) zinpropyridaz.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the mixture of the present invention is a mixture of the compound of formula I and component B) selected from prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyclobutrifluram, oxathiapiproline, and fludioxonil.

[0066] A two-component mixture of the compound of formula I and one compound B is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] The present invention also relates to a pesticide composition comprising an auxiliary agent and a mixture of the present invention. The pesticide composition contains an effective amount of the mixture of the present invention to kill pests.

[0068] Compound I and its mixtures can be converted into conventional types of pesticide compositions, such as liquids, emulsions, suspensions, powders, powders, pastes, granules, compresses, capsules, and mixtures thereof. Examples of composition types include plant propagation materials, such as suspensions for seed treatment (e.g., SC, OD, FS), emulsifying concentrates (e.g., EC), emulsions (e.g., EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g., CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or powders (e.g., WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), compressed articles (e.g., BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g., WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticidal articles (e.g., LN), and gel formulations (e.g., GF). These and further composition types are defined in “Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system”, Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, CropLife International. The composition is prepared by known methods, for example, those described in Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001, or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005.

[0069] Suitable auxiliary agents include solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, auxiliary agents, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, defoaming agents, colorants, tackifiers, and binders.

[0070] Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents. Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths.

[0071] Suitable surfactants are surfactant compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic, and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, and polyelectrolytes. Such surfactants can be used as emulsifiers, dispersants, solubilizers, wetting agents, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, or auxiliaries. Surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol. 1: Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International or North American Ed.). Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali salts, alkaline earth salts, or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates. Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, and polymer-based surfactants. Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants.

[0072] The pesticide composition generally contains 0.01 to 95% by weight of the active substance, preferably 0.1 to 90% by weight, and most preferably 0.5 to 75% by weight. The active substance is used with a purity of 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100%.

[0073] Various types of oils, wetting agents, auxiliaries, or fertilizers can be added to the active substance or a composition containing it as a premix, or, where appropriate, immediately before use (tank mix). These agents can be mixed with the composition according to the present invention in a weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1.

[0074] Users typically apply the compositions according to the present invention from a pre-measuring device, a backpack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray aircraft, or an irrigation system. Typically, the pesticide composition is prepared using water, buffer solution, and / or further additives to achieve the desired application concentration, thus obtaining a ready-to-use spray solution or pesticide composition according to the present invention. Typically, 20 to 2000 liters of ready-to-use spray solution are applied per hectare of agriculturally useful area.

[0075] The mixture of the present invention is suitable for use in protecting crops, plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, or the soil or water in which the plants are growing, from attacks or parasitism by animal pests. Accordingly, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting plants, which includes contacting crops, plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, or the soil or water in which the plants are growing, with an effective amount of the mixture of the present invention, to be protected from attacks or parasitism by animal pests.

[0076] The mixture of the present invention is also suitable for use in controlling or eliminating animal pests. Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method for controlling or eliminating animal pests, comprising contacting the animal pest, its habitat, breeding ground or food source, or crops, plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, or soil or area, material or environment in which the animal pest grows or can grow, with an effective amount of the mixture of the present invention.

[0077] The mixture of the present invention is effective at any and all developmental stages, including eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults, through both contact and ingestion.

[0078] The mixture of the present invention can be applied either on its own or in the form of a composition containing it.

[0079] Application can be carried out both before and after pest infestation of crops, plants, and plant propagation materials.

[0080] The term "contact" includes both direct contact (direct application of the compound / composition to an animal pest or plant) and indirect contact (application of the compound / composition to a habitat).

[0081] The term "animal pests" includes arthropods, gastropods, and nematodes. Preferred animal pests according to the present invention are arthropods, preferably insects and spiders, and especially insects.

[0082] The term "plants" includes grains such as durum wheat and other wheats, rye, barley, tritichele, oats, rice or maize (forage maize and sugar maize / sweet corn and field maize), beets such as sugar beets or forage beets, fruits such as pears, stone fruits or soft fruits such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, nectarines, almonds, cherries, papayas, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or gooseberries, legumes such as beans, lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans, oilseeds such as rapeseed, mustard, olives, sunflowers, palms, cocoa beans, castor beans, oil palms, peanuts or soybeans, cucurbits such as eggplant, This includes pumpkins, cucumbers or melons, fiber plants such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute, citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or mandarins, vegetables such as eggplants, spinach, lettuce (e.g., iceberg lettuce), chicory, cabbage, asparagus, carrots, onions, garlic, leeks, tomatoes, potatoes, melons or sweet peppers, laurel plants such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor, energy plants and raw material plants such as corn, soybeans, rapeseed, sugarcane or oil palm, tobacco, nuts such as walnuts, pistachios, coffee, tea, bananas, vines, hops, sweetleaf (stevia), natural rubber plants or ornamental plants and forest plants, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreen trees, eucalyptus, turf, lawn, and pasture grass. Preferred plants include potatoes, sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rapeseed, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugarcane, fruits, vines, ornamental plants or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or eggplants.

[0083] The term "seed" encompasses true seeds, seed fragments, suckers, corms, bulbs, fruits, tubers, grains, cuttings, mulberry cuttings, and plant vegetative propagates, and preferably refers to true seeds.

[0084] "Effective pest-killing amount" refers to the amount of active ingredient required to achieve an observable effect on the growth of a target organism, including effects that cause necrosis, death, delay, inhibition, and removal, destruction, or reduction of its appearance and activity. The effective pest-killing amount may vary depending on the various compounds / compositions used in this invention. The effective pest-killing amount of this composition will also vary depending on general conditions (e.g., desired pest-killing effect and duration, weather, target species, habitat, application method, etc.).

[0085] When used to treat crop plants (for example, by foliar application), the application rate of the active ingredient of the present invention may range from 0.0001 g to 4000 g per hectare, for example, 1 g to 2 kg per hectare or 1 g to 750 g per hectare, preferably 1 g to 100 g per hectare.

[0086] The mixture of the present invention is also suitable for use against non-crop insect pests. For use against said non-crop insect pests, the mixture of the present invention can be used as a bait composition, gel, general insect spray, aerosol, very low-volume application agent, and mosquito net (impregnation or surface application).

[0087] The mixture of the present invention is particularly suitable for effectively controlling animal pests, such as arthropods and nematodes, including the following: Insects of the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, such as Amrasca biguttula, species of the genus Empoasca, Nephotettix virescens, Sogatella furcifera, species of the genus Mahanarva, Laodelphax striatellus, Mahanarva fimbriolata, Nilaparvata lugens, and the citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri. Lepidoptera, for example, Diatraea saccharalis, Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis virescens, Lobesia botrana, Manduca sexta, Ostrinia nubilalis, Plutella xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Scirpophaga incertulas, Sesamia sp., Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absoluta), Cnaphalocrocis medialis, Codlinga (Cydia pomonella), Chilo suppressalis, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Agrotis ipsilon, Chrysodeixis includens, Hemiptera insects, such as species of the genus Lygus, stink bugs, such as species of the genus Euschistus, the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys), the southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula), Piezodorus guildinii, Dichelops furcatus, Thrips, such as species of the genus Frankliniella, species of the genus Thrips, and Dichromothrips corbettii, Aphids, such as the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), cotton aphids (Aphis spp.), peach aphids (Myzus persicae), tulip aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), Rhopalosiphum spp., Schizaphis graminum, broad bean aphids (Megoura viciae), Whiteflies, such as the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and species of the genus Bemisia, Coleoptera, for example, Atomaria linearia, species of the genera Phyllotreta, Melanotus, Meligethes aeneus, Colorado leaf beetle (Leptinotarsa ​​decimlineata), species of the genera Ceutorhynchus, Diabrotica, Anthonomus grandis, Atomaria linearia, species of the genera Agriotes, species of Epilachna, Hypothenemus hampei, rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus) oryzophilus), Melanotus spp., Otiorhynchus sulcatus, Oulema spp., Phyllotreta spp., Popillia japonica, Psylliodes chrysocephala, Flies, such as species of the genera Delia, Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera, Liriomyza, Mayetiola destructor, and Rhagoletis. Scale insects (Coccoidea), such as Aonidiella aurantia, Ferrisia virgate, Coccus spp., Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Arthropoda (arachnida) anthropods (mites), such as the grain mite (Penthaleus major), species of the genus Panonychus, and species of the genus Tetranychus. Nematodes, such as soybean cyst nematodes (Heterodera glycines), species of the genus Meloidogyne, species of the genus Pratylenchus, and Caenorhabditis elegans.

[0088] The mixture of the present invention is also suitable as an effective fungicide against a broad spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi, including soil-borne fungi, particularly those derived from the classes Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (also known as Oomycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes (also known as Fungi imperfecti). They can be used for crop protection as foliar fungicides, seed coating fungicides, and soil fungicides.

[0089] Compound I and its compositions are preferably useful for controlling plant pathogenic fungi in various plants, as described herein.

[0090] The mixture of the present invention is particularly suitable for controlling the pathogens of the following plant diseases: Albugo species, including ornamental plants, vegetables (e.g., A. candida), and sunflowers (e.g., A. tragopogonis). Alternaria species (spp.) (white rust), vegetables (e.g., A. dauci or A. porri), rapeseed (A. brassicicola or brassicae), sugar beet (A. tenuis), fruit (e.g., A. grandis), rice, soybean, potato and tomato (e.g., A. solani, A. grandis or A. alternata), tomato (e.g., A. solani or A. alternata) and wheat (e.g., A. triticina) (Alternaria spot disease), Aphanomyces spp. species related to sugar beets and vegetables, Ascochyta spp. species related to grains and vegetables, for example, A. tritici (anthrax) related to wheat and A. hordei related to barley, Aureobasidium zeae (also known as Kapatiella zeae) related to maize, Bipolaris spp. and Dreshlera spp. (Teleomorph: Cochliobolus genus) spp.)), for example, sesame leaf spot (D. maydis) or sooty spot (B. zeicola) on maize, for example, spot disease (B. sorokiniana) on grains, and for example, B. oryzae (B.B. squamosa or gray mold (B. allii) affecting oryzae, cereals (e.g., wheat or barley), Blumeria (formerly known as Erysiphe) graminis (powdery mildew), fruits and berries (e.g., strawberries), vegetables (e.g., lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbage), gray mold fungus (Botrytis cinerea) (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana: gray mold), onions, rapeseed, ornamental plants (e.g., B. eliptica), climbing plants, forest plants and wheat, Bremia lactucae affecting lettuce. Ceratocystis spp. (root rot or damping-off disease) affecting deciduous and evergreen trees, such as C. ulmi (Ulmus dulcis) affecting elm trees, maize (e.g., gray spot disease: C. zeae-maydis), rice, sugar beet (e.g., C. beticola), sugarcane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e.g., C. sojina or C. kikuchii), and Cercospora spp. (Cercospora spot disease) affecting rice, and Cladobotryum genus (synonym: Dactylium) affecting mushrooms. spp.) (For example, C. mycophilum (formerly known as Dactylium dendroides, teleomorphs: Nectria albertinii, Nectria rosella, synonym: Hypomyces rosellus), Cladosporium species related to tomatoes (for example, C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, for example, C. herbarum related to wheat (C.Cochliobolus (anamorph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris) is a species of the genus Cochliobolus, which is associated with herbarum (black spot disease), Claviceps purpurea (ergot) of cereals, maize (C. carbonum), cereals (e.g., C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana), and rice (e.g., C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae). (spp.) (leaf spot disease), cotton (e.g., C. gossypii), corn (e.g., C. graminicola: anthracnose root rot), soft fruit, potato (e.g., C. coccodes: black spot disease), legumes (e.g., C. lindemuthianum), soybeans (e.g., C. truncatum or C. gloeospolio) Colletotrichum (teleomorph: Glomerella) relating to C. gleosporioides, vegetables (e.g., C. lagenarium or C. capsici), fruits (e.g., C. acutatum), and coffee (e.g., C. coffeeum or C. kahawae). C. gloeosporioides (spp.) genus species (anthracnose) and various crops, Corticium genus species (Corticium spp.) related to rice, for example C. sasakii (sheath blight), Corynespora cassiicola (leaf spot) related to soybeans, cotton and ornamental plants, Cycloconium genus species (Cycloconium spp.) related to olive trees, for example C. oleaginum, fruit trees and climbing plants (for example C. liriodendrin (C.liriodendri), teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendri (Black Foot disease), and Cylindrocarpon spp. related to ornamental plants (e.g., ulceration of fruit trees or decline of young vines, teleomorph: Nectria spp. or Neonectria spp.), Dematophora (teleomorph: Roselinia) necatrix related to soybeans (root rot and stem rot), Diaporthe genus related to soybeans (spp.), for example, Diaporte phaseolorum (damping-off disease), maize, cereals, for example, barley (e.g., Dreschlera teres, reticulosis disease) and wheat (e.g., Dreschlera tritici-repentis: yellow spot disease). Dreshlera (synonym: Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora genus species, Formitiporia (synonym: Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (formerly known as Phaeocremonium chlamydosporum)), Phaeocremonium aleophilum, and / or Botryosphaeria obtusa, all related to rice and turfgrass. Esca disease (canker, apoplexy) caused by obtusa in climbing plants, anthracnose in pear-shaped fruits (E. piri), soft fruits (E. veneta), and climbing plants (E. ampelina), Elsinoe spp. species, Entyloma oryzae (sooty mold) in rice, and Epicoccum species in wheat. Erysiphe spp. (powdery mildew) (black mold) affecting sugar beets (E. betae), vegetables (e.g., E. pisi), cucurbitaceous plants (e.g., E. cichoracearum), cabbage, rapeseed (e.g., E. cruciferarum), Erysiphe species (e.g., powdery mildew), Eutypa lata (Eutypa ulcer or canker, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, synonym: Libertella brepalis) affecting fruit trees, climbing plants and ornamental trees, Eutypa lata (Eutypa ulcer or canker, anamorph: Cytosporina lata), Libertella brepalis. Exserohilum spp. (synonym: Helminthosporium) is a genus related to maize (e.g., Exserohilum turcicum).), Fusarium (Teleomorph: Gibberella) genus species (Fusarium spp.) related to various plants (wilting disease, root rot or stem rot), for example Fusarium graminearum or Fusarium culmorum related to grains (e.g., wheat or barley) (root rot, red mold (scab) or red mold (head) Fusarium oxysporum (blight)) affects tomatoes, Fusarium solani (forma specialis glycines, now synonymous with Fusarium virguliforme), Fusarium tucumaniae, and Fusarium brasiliense (both affecting soybeans, causing acute wilt disease), and Fusarium verticillioides (affecting maize), as well as Gaeumannomyces graminis (affecting cereals such as wheat or barley) and maize. Gibberella spp., which are associated with cereals (e.g., Gibberella zeae) and rice (e.g., Gibberella fujikuroi: bakanae disease), Glomerella cingulata, which is associated with climbing plants, pears and other plants, and Glomerella gossypii, which is associated with cotton, Grainstaining complex, Guignardia bidwellii (black spot disease), which is associated with climbing plants, and Gymnosporangium, which is associated with Rosaceae plants and Juniperus plants. (spp.), for example, G. sabinae (rust disease) related to pears, Helminthosporium spp. (synonym: Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) related to maize, grains, potatoes and rice, and Hemileia spp. related to coffee.), for example, Hemileia vastatrix (coffee rust), Isariopsis clavispora (synonym: Cladosporium vitis) related to climbing plants, Macrophomina phaseolina (synonym: phaseoli) (root rot and stem rot) related to soybeans and cotton, Microdochium (synonym: Fusarium) nivale (pink snow mold) related to grains (e.g., wheat or barley), Microsphaera diffusa (powdery mildew) related to soybeans, Monilinia species related to berries and other Rosaceae plants spp.), for example, M. laxa, M. fructicola and M. fructigena (synonyms: Monilla spp.: flower blight and branch blight, brown rot), Mycosphaerella spp. related to grains, bananas, soft fruits and peanuts, for example, M. graminicola related to wheat (anamorph: wheat leaf spot fungus (Zymoseptoria tritici), formerly known as Septoria tritici: Septoria leaf spot disease) or M. fijiensis related to banana (synonym: Pseudocercospora fijiensis) fijiensis: black sigatoka disease) and M. musicola, M. arachidicola (synonym: M. arachidis or Cercospora arachidis) related to peanuts, M. berkeleyi, M. pisi related to peas and M. brassiciola related to Brassicaceae plants, cabbage (e.g., P. brassicae), rapeseed (e.g., P. parasitica), onion (e.g., P.Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) affecting destructor (P. destroyer), tobacco (P. tabacina), and soybeans (e.g., P. manshurica), Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae (soybean rust) affecting soybeans, Phialophora spp. affecting climbing plants (e.g., P. tracheiphila and P. tetraspora) and soybeans (e.g., P. gregata: stem rot), Phoma lingam (synonym: Leptosphaeria biglobosa) affecting rapeseed and cabbage. Phomopsis species (Phomopsis spp.) related to P. biglobosa and L. maculans (root and stem rot), P. betae (root rot, leaf spot and seedling blight) related to sugar beets, P. zeae-maydis (synonym: Phyllostica zeae) related to maize, sunflowers, climbing plants (e.g., P. viticola: leaf spot), and soybeans (e.g., stem rot: P. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum), and Physoderma maydis related to maize. Maydis (leaf spot disease), various plants such as bell peppers and cucurbits (e.g., *Phytophthora capsici*), soybeans (e.g., *Phytophthora megasperma* (synonym: *P. sojae*), potatoes and tomatoes (e.g., *P. infestans*: leaf rot), and deciduous trees (e.g., *P. ramorum*: sudden death of oak) are affected by *Phytophthora* species (damping-off disease, root, leaf, fruit, and stem rot). Plasmodiophora brassicae (club root disease) affecting cabbage, rapeseed, radish and other plants, Plasmopara spp. species, such as P. viticola (grape downy mildew) affecting climbing plants and P. halstedii affecting sunflowers, Rosaceae plants, hops, pears and soft fruits (such as P. leucotricha affecting apples) and Cucurbitaceae plants (P. xanthii) Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) affecting cereals such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar beet (P. betae) Polymyxa species spp.) and the viral diseases transmitted thereby, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (synonyms: Oculimacula yallundae, O. acuformis: eye spot disease, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae) relating to grains, such as wheat or barley, Pseudoperonospora (downy mildew) relating to various plants, such as P. cubensis relating to cucurbitaceae plants or P. humili relating to hops, and Pseudopezicula tracheiphylla relating to climbing plants P. tracheiphila) (red fireworks or "rotbrenner", anamorph: phialophora), Puccinia spp. species (rust) affecting various plants, such as P. triticina (brown rust or leaf rust), P. striiformis (striped rust or yellow rust), P. hordei (dwarf rust), P. graminis (stem rust or black rust), or P. recondita (P.P. recondita (brown rust or leaf rust), P. kuehnii (orange rust) on sugarcane, P. asparagi on asparagus, Pyrenopeziza spp. on rapeseed, such as P. brassicae, Pyrenophora (anamorph: Dreshlera) and tritici-repentis on wheat. P. epentis (yellowish-brown spot disease) or P. teres (reticulated spot disease) related to barley, Pyricularia spp., for example P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea: rice blight) related to rice, and P. grisea related to grass and cereals, Pythium spp. (seedling blight) related to grass, rice, maize, wheat, cotton, rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, sugar beet, vegetables and various other plants (for example P. ultimum or P. aphanidermatum), and P. oligandrum related to mushrooms, Ramularia genus (spp.), for example, R. collo-cygni (ramularia leaf spot disease, physiological leaf spot disease) relating to barley, R. areola (teleomorph: Mycosphaerella areola) relating to cotton, and R. beticola relating to sugar beet, Rhizoctonia species relating to cotton, rice, potato, grass, maize, rapeseed, potato, sugar beet, vegetables and various other plants. (spp.), for example, R. solani (root and stem rot) in soybeans, R. solani (sheath blight) in rice, or R. cerealis (spring blight of Rhizoctonia) in wheat or barley, Rhizopus stolonifer (black mold, soft rot) in strawberries, carrots, cabbage, climbing plants and tomatoes, Rhynchosporium secalis and R. commune (burn disease) in barley, rye and rye, and Sarocladium oryzae in rice. oryzae) and S. attenuatum (shell rot), for example, rapeseed, sunflower (for example, S. sclerotiorum) and vegetables such as soybeans (S. minor and S. sclerotiorum (S.Sclerotiorum)) and Sclerotinia spp. (stalk rot or white mold) related to crops, S. rolfsii (synonym: Athelia rolfsii) related to soybeans, peanuts, vegetables, corn, grains and ornamental plants, Septoria spp. related to various plants, for example, S. glycines (brown spot) related to soybeans, S. tritici (synonym: Zymoseptoria) related to wheat S. tritici), Septoria spot disease, and S. (synonym: Stagonospora) nodorum (Stagonospora spot disease) affecting cereals, and Uncinula (synonym: Erysiphe) necator (powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidium tuckeri) affecting climbing plants. Setosphaeria species (black leaf blight) related to maize (e.g., S. turcicum, synonym: Helminthosporium turcicum) and turfgrass (Setosphaeria spp.) (black leaf blight), maize (e.g., S. reiliana, synonym: Ustilago reiliana: smut), Sphacelotheca species (sooty mold) related to sorghum and sugarcane, Sphaerotheca fuliginea (synonym: Podosphaera xanthii: powdery mildew) related to cucurbitaceae plants, and Spongospora subbreranea related to potatoes. subterranea) (powdered crusting disease) and viral diseases transmitted thereby, Stagonospora spp. species related to grains, for example, S. nodorum (Stagonospora spot disease, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria [synonym: Phaeosphaeria] nodorum, synonym: Septoria nodorum]) related to wheat, Synchytrium endobioticum (potato wart disease) related to potatoes, Taphrina species spp.), for example, T. deformans (leaf curl) related to peaches and T. pruni (pocket plum) related to plums, Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) related to tobacco, pears, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, for example, T. basicola (synonym: Chalara elegans), Tilletia spp. (common or wheat smut) related to cereals, for example, T. tritici (synonym: T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversa (T.Trichoderma controversa (dwarf bunt), Trichoderma harzianum related to mushrooms, Typhula incarnata (gray snow mold) related to barley or wheat, Urocystis species related to rye Uromyces species (spp.), such as U. occulta (sooty mold), legumes (e.g., U. appendiculatus, synonym: U. phaseoli), sugar beets (e.g., U. betae or U. beticola), and leguminous plants (e.g., U. vignae, U. pisi, U. viciae-fabae, and U. fabae), which are related to vegetables. Ustilago spp. (rust disease), Ustilago species (e.g., U. nuda and U. avaenae) related to grains, maize (e.g., U. maydis: sooty mold on maize), and sugarcane (naked smut disease), Venturia species (e.g., apples (e.g., V. inaequalis)) related to apples and pears (black spot disease), and Verticillium species (a genus related to various plants, such as fruits and ornamental plants, climbing plants, soft fruits, vegetables, and crops). (spp.) (Damneptum disease), for example, V. longisporum affecting rapeseed, V. dahliae affecting strawberries, rapeseed, potatoes, and tomatoes, V. fungicola affecting mushrooms, and Zymoseptoria tritici affecting wheat leaf spot.

[0091] Compound I and its compositions are particularly suitable for controlling the pathogenic factors of the following plant diseases: rust diseases affecting soybeans and cereals (e.g., Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae affecting soybeans, and Puccinia tritici and P. striiformis affecting wheat); fungal diseases affecting specialty crops, soybeans, rapeseed, and sunflowers (e.g., Botrytis cinerea affecting strawberries and climbing plants, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. minor, and S. rolfsii affecting rapeseed, sunflowers, and soybeans); and Fusarium disease affecting cereals (e.g., Fusarium crumorum affecting wheat). Downy mildew affecting special crops (e.g., Plasmopara viticola affecting climbing plants, Phytophthora infestans affecting potatoes), powdery mildew affecting special crops and grains (e.g., Uncinula necator affecting climbing plants, Erysiphe species affecting various special crops, Blumeria graminis affecting grains), and leaf spot diseases affecting grains, soybeans, and maize (e.g., Septoria tritici and S. nodorum affecting grains, S. glycines affecting soybeans, Cercospora species affecting maize and soybeans).

[0092] The mixture of the present invention is particularly useful for seed treatment and soil treatment.

[0093] The term "seed treatment" includes, for example, seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed immersion, seed pelletizing, and inter-row application methods. Preferably, the seed treatment application of the active compound is carried out by spraying or dusting the seeds before sowing and before the plants emerge.

[0094] The present invention also includes seeds coated with or containing an active compound. The term "coated and / or containing" generally means that the active ingredient is largely present on the surface of the propagation product at the time of application, but depending on the application method, a larger or smaller portion of the ingredient may penetrate into the propagation product. When the propagation product is (re)planted, it may absorb the active ingredient.

[0095] Suitable seeds include, for example, grains, root vegetables, rapeseed, vegetables, spices, ornamental plant seeds such as durum wheat and other wheats, barley, oats, rye, maize (forage maize and sugar maize / sweet corn and field maize), soybeans, oil crops, cruciferous plants, cotton, sunflowers, bananas, rice, rapeseed, turnip rapeseed, sugar beets, forage beets, eggplants, potatoes, pasture grass, lawn, grass, forage grass, tomatoes, leeks, pumpkins / eggplants, cabbage, iceberg lettuce, bell peppers, cucumbers, melons, cruciferous plants, melons, legumes, peas, garlic, onions, carrots, tuberous plants such as potatoes, sugarcane, tobacco, climbing plants, petunias, geraniums / pelargoniums, pansies and impatiens.

[0096] Furthermore, the active compounds may be modified by mutagenicity or genetic engineering and used to treat seeds from plants that exhibit resistance to the action of herbicides, fungicides, or insecticides, for example. Conventional seed treatment formulations include, for example, fluid concentrates FS, solutions LS, sasporumulants (SE), powders DS for drying, water-dispersible powders WS for slurry treatment, water-soluble powders SS, and emulsions ES and EC, as well as gel formulations GF. These formulations can be applied to seeds in a diluted or undiluted state. Application to seeds is carried out before sowing, either directly to the seeds or after the seeds have been pre-germinated. Preferably, the formulations are applied in a manner that does not involve germination.

[0097] The concentration of the active substance in the ready-to-use formulation obtained after 2 to 10 times dilution is preferably 0.01 to 60% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 40% by weight.

[0098] In preferred embodiments, the FS formulation is used for seed treatment. Typically, the FS formulation may contain 1 to 800 g / l of active ingredient, 1 to 200 g / l of surfactant, 0 to 200 g / l of antifreeze, 0 to 400 g / l of binder, 0 to 200 g / l of pigment, and up to 1 liter of solvent, preferably water.

[0099] Particularly preferred FS formulations of the compounds of the present invention for seed treatment typically include 0.1 to 80% by weight (1 to 800 g / l) of an active ingredient, 0.1 to 20% by weight (1 to 200 g / l) of at least one surfactant, e.g., 0.05 to 5% by weight of a wetting agent and 0.5 to 15% by weight of a dispersant, up to 20% by weight, e.g., 5 to 20% by weight of an antifreeze, 0 to 15% by weight, e.g., 1 to 15% by weight of a pigment and / or dye, 0 to 40% by weight, e.g., 1 to 40% by weight of a binder (sticker / adhesive), optionally up to 5% by weight, e.g., 0.1 to 5% by weight of a thickener, optionally 0.1 to 2% by weight of an antifoaming agent and optionally 0.01 to 1% by weight of a preservative, e.g., a biocide, an antioxidant, etc., and up to 100% by weight of a filler / vehicle.

[0100] In seed treatment, the application dose of the compound of the present invention is generally 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seeds, preferably 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seeds, more preferably 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seeds, and particularly 1 g to 200 g per 100 kg of seeds, for example, 1 g to 100 g or 5 g to 100 g per 100 kg of seeds.

[0101] Accordingly, the present invention also relates to seeds containing the compounds of the present invention as defined herein or their agriculturally useful salts. The amount of the compounds of the present invention or their agriculturally useful salts will generally vary from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seeds, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seeds, and particularly from 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seeds. For certain crops, such as lettuce, the proportion may be higher. [Examples]

[0102] The present invention will now be described in more detail by the following examples.

[0103] Synergistic effects can be described as interactions where the combined effect of two or more compounds exceeds the sum of the individual effects of each compound (zero interaction). Several models have been proposed to quantify the degree of drug synergy, including those based on the best single-agent model (HAS or Gadduum additiveity) (Berenbaum, 1989), the Loewe additiveity model (Loewe, 1953), and the Bliss independence model (Bliss, 1939).

[0104] In this case, the two mixed partners act non-exclusively with each other; that is, the Bliss independence model appears to be the most appropriate for explaining the zero-interaction effect (Greco et al., 1992), in which case yBLISS is the expected effect based on the single effects of compounds y1 and y2, respectively (1). y BLISS = y1 + y2 - y1y21

[0105] An R script called "syngergyfinder," based on the above model, was published by He, L. et al. (2018).

[0106] The latest update was published by: Zheng S, Wang W, Aldahdooh J, Malyutina A, Shadbahr T, Tanoli Z, Pessia A, Tang J (2022). “SynergyFinder Plus: Toward Better Interpretation and Annotation of Drug Combination Screening Datasets.” Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, 20(3):587-596. https: / / doi.org / 10.1016 / j.gpb.2022.01.004. It can also be downloaded from Bioconductor.org: https: / / bioconductor.org / packages / release / bioc / html / synergyfinder.html.

[0107] If the measured combined control effect is greater than the expected combined control effect (E), then the combined effect is synergistic.

[0108] The following tests demonstrate the control efficacy of the compounds, mixtures, or compositions of the present invention against specific pests. However, the pest control protection obtained by the compounds, mixtures, or compositions is not limited to these species. In certain cases, combinations of the compounds of the present invention with other invertebrate pest control compounds or agents are found to exhibit synergistic effects against certain important invertebrate pests.

[0109] The synergistic or antagonistic effects between mixtures or compositions can be determined using Colby's formula.

[0110] Unless otherwise specified, the test solution is prepared as follows: The active compound is dissolved in a 1:1 (volume:volume) mixture of distilled water and actaeon to the desired concentration.

[0111] The test solution is prepared on the day of use.

[0112] Test solutions are generally prepared at concentrations of 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 300 ppm, 100 ppm, and 30 ppm (weight / volume).

[0113] Test 1: Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) To evaluate the control of Aedes aegypti, a test unit was constructed using a 96-well microtiter plate containing 200 μl of tap water per well and 5 to 15 newly hatched A. aegypti larvae.

[0114] The compound or mixture was formulated using a solution containing 75% water and 25% DMSO. Using a custom-made microatomizer, 2.5 μl of the formulated compound or mixture at different concentrations was sprayed onto insect feed.

[0115] For the experimental mixture in this study, both mixing partners of the same volume and desired concentration were mixed together. The mixture was applied to four separate microtiter plates in four repeated applications.

[0116] After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 28+1°C and 80+5%RH for 2 days. Larval mortality was then visually assessed to obtain a score (0, 50, or 100% control efficacy).

[0117] [Table 5]

[0118] Test 2: Boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) To evaluate the control of the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), test units were constructed from 96-well microtiter plates containing insect bait and 5-10 A. grandis eggs.

[0119] The compound or mixture was formulated using a solution containing 75% water and 25% DMSO. Using a custom-made microatomizer, 5 μl of the formulated compound or mixture was sprayed onto insect feed at different concentrations.

[0120] For the experimental mixture in this study, both mixing partners of the same volume and desired concentration were mixed together. The mixture was applied to four separate microtiter plates in four repeated applications.

[0121] After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 23±1°C and 50±5%RH for 5 days. Subsequently, the mortality rates of both eggs and larvae were visually assessed to obtain a score (control efficacy of 0, 50, or 100%).

[0122] [Table 6]

[0123] [Table 7]

[0124] Test 3: False Tobacco Bud (Heliothis virescens) To evaluate the control of Heliothis virescens, a test unit was constructed using a 96-well microtiter plate containing insect bait and 15-25 H. virescens eggs.

[0125] The compound or mixture was formulated using a solution containing 75% water and 25% DMSO. Using a custom-made microatomizer, 10 μl of the formulated compound or mixture at different concentrations was sprayed onto insect feed.

[0126] For the experimental mixture in this study, both mixing partners of the same volume and desired concentration were mixed together. The mixture was applied to four separate microtiter plates in four repeated applications.

[0127] After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 28±1°C and 80±5%RH for 5 days. Subsequently, the mortality rates of both eggs and larvae were visually assessed to obtain a score (control efficacy of 0, 50, or 100%).

[0128] [Table 8]

[0129] Test 4: Peach aphid (Myzus persicae) To evaluate the control of the peach aphid (Myzus persicae) through systemic means, a test unit was constructed from a 96-well microtiter plate containing liquid artificial feed under an artificial membrane.

[0130] The compound or mixture was formulated using a solution containing 75% water and 25% DMSO. Using a custom-made pipette, different concentrations of the formulated compound or mixture were transferred to aphid feed.

[0131] For the experimental mixture in this study, both mixing partners of the same volume and desired concentration were mixed together. The mixture was applied to four separate microtiter plates in four repeated applications.

[0132] After application, 5-8 adult aphids were placed on an artificial membrane in a microtiter plate well. The aphids were then allowed to feed on the treated aphid food and incubated at 23±1°C and 50±5% RH for 3 days. Subsequently, the aphid mortality and reproduction were visually evaluated to obtain a score (control effect of 0, 50, or 100%).

[0133] [Table 9]

[0134] Test 5: Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) To evaluate the control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), test units were constructed from 96-well microtiter plates containing insect bait and 15-25 Plutella xylostella eggs.

[0135] The compound or mixture was formulated using a solution containing 75% water and 25% DMSO. Using a custom-made microatomizer, 10 μl of the formulated compound or mixture at different concentrations was sprayed onto insect feed.

[0136] For the experimental mixture in this study, both mixing partners of the same volume and desired concentration were mixed together. The mixture was applied to four separate microtiter plates in four repeated applications.

[0137] After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 28±1°C and 80±5%RH for 5 days. Subsequently, the mortality rates of both eggs and larvae were visually assessed to obtain a score (control efficacy of 0, 50, or 100%).

[0138] [Table 10]

[0139] [Table 11]

[0140] Furthermore, the following tests can be used to determine pest-killing activity and potential synergistic activity.

[0141] Mycotoxic microtest The active compound was separately formulated as a stock solution at a concentration of 10,000 ppm in dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0142] The stock solutions were mixed according to the specified ratio, transferred to a microtiter plate (MTP) using a pipette, and diluted with water to the specified concentration.

[0143] In this study, the compound of formula I was used as a racemic mixture (compound I-rac).

[0144] The tests were conducted as described for each of the following pathogens.

[0145] The plates were placed in a chamber saturated with water vapor at a temperature of 18°C. MTP was measured at 405 nm using an absorption spectrometer for 7 days after inoculation.

[0146] The measured parameters were compared with the growth of a control variant (100%) without the active compound and a blank value without fungi to determine the relative growth of the pathogen in percentage units for each active compound.

[0147] This percentage value was converted into an effective value.

[0148] A potency of 0 means that the pathogen's growth level corresponds to that of the untreated control, while a potency of 100 means that the pathogen did not grow.

[0149] The expected potency of the active compound was determined using Colby's formula [RSColby, "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations", Weeds 15, 20-22 (1967)] and compared with the measured potency.

[0150] Test F1. Activity (BTRCI) against the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea in the microtiter plate test. Next, a spore suspension of Botraci cinerea in aqueous biomalt or yeast-bactopeptone-sodium acetate solution was added.

[0151] [Table 12]

[0152] Test F2. Activity (PYRIOR) against the rice blast pathogen Pyricularia oryzae in the microtiter plate test. Next, a spore suspension of Pyricularia oryzae in aqueous biomalt, yeast-bactopeptone-glycerin, or DOB solution was added.

[0153] [Table 13]

[0154] Test F3. Activity against wheat leaf blight caused by Septoria tritici (SEPTTR) Next, a spore suspension of Septoria tritici in aqueous biomalt, yeast-bactopeptone-glycerin, or DOB solution was added.

[0155] [Table 14]

[0156] Activity (COLLLA) against anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare in the F4 microtiter plate test. Next, a spore suspension of the anthracnose bacterium (Colletotrichum orbiculare) in an aqueous biomalt solution was added.

[0157] [Table 15]

Claims

1. A pest-killing mixture, with the active ingredient being: A) Formula I: 【Chemistry 1】 Compound A, which is a compound of, B) Groups 1-11: 1) M. 2 GABA gate chloride channel antagonist: fipronil, 2) M.3 Pyrethroids: λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin, α-cypermethrin, 3) M. 4 nAChR agonists: thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, sulfoxaflor, triflumezopyrim, 4) M. 5: Spinosine: Spinosad and spinetrum, 5) M. 6 Avermectin: Abamectin, 7) M. 22 Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizone, 8) M. 23 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors: spiropidione, spidoxamato, 9) M.

28. Rianodine receptor modulators: Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, Cyclaniliprole, Tetraniliprole, 10) M. 30: Broflanilide, 11) M. UN: Zinpropyridaz, afidopiropene, 1-[6-(2,2-difluoro-7-methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]benzimidazole-6-yl)-5-ethylsulfonyl-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitric), 6-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-2,2-difluoro-7-methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]benzimidazole) Insecticides from, and Groups 12-15: 12) Inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis: difenoconazole, prothioconazole, flutrifoll, ipconazole, tebuconazole, mefentrifluconazole, triticonazole, fluoxythioconazole, 13) Strobilurin: Methyltetraprole, Azoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin 14) SDHI: Sedaxane, Penflufen, Fluopyram, Fluxapiroxad, Pidiflumetofen, Isoflucipram, Cyclobtrifluram, 15) Further classes: oxathiapiproline, fluoxapriproline, metalaxyl, picarbtrazox, fludioxonil, thiabendazole, thyram, thiophanatomethyl fungicides At least one further compound B selected from and A pest-killing mixture containing the following, in which components A and B are present in a weight ratio of 1000:1 to 1:1000.

2. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein component B) is selected from fipronil, λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin, α-cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, spinosad, spinetoram, abamectin, indoxacarb, spiropidione, spidoxamato, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, tetraniliprole, brofuranilide, and zinpropyridaz.

3. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein component B) is selected from λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin, α-cypermethrin, clothianidin, spinosad, abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, and brofuranilide.

4. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein component B) is selected from prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyclobutrifluram, oxathiapiproline, and fludioxonil.

5. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein component B) is selected from M.3 pyrethroid, λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin, and α-cypermethrin.

6. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein component B) is selected from M.4 nAChR agonist, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid and imidacloprid, or selected from thiamethoxam, clothianidin and acetamiprid, or clothianidin.

7. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein component B) is selected from spinosad and spinetrum, or is spinosad.

8. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein component B) is abamectin.

9. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein component B) is selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, and tetraniliprole, or selected from chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole, or selected from chlorantraniliprole.

10. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein component B) is brofuranilide.

11. A composition comprising a pesticide mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and at least one inert liquid and / or solid carrier.

12. An agricultural composition for controlling animal pests, comprising a pest-killing mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 10, at least one acceptable inert liquid and / or solid carrier, and optionally at least one surfactant.

13. A method for eradicating or controlling invertebrate pests or harmful pathogenic fungi, comprising contacting the pest or its food source, habitat or breeding ground with an effective amount of the pesticide mixture described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

14. A method for protecting a growing plant or plant propagation material from attack or parasitism by an invertebrate pest or harmful pathogenic fungus, comprising contacting the plant, plant propagation material, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing with an effective amount of pesticide mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

15. A method for protecting plant propagation material, comprising contacting the plant propagation material with a pesticide mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 10 in an amount of 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of plant propagation material.

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