Snare drum

Abstract

A snare provided by an embodiment of this specification includes a first rigid part and a second rigid part connected to the first rigid part, wherein at least a portion of the structure of the second rigid part is located distal to the first rigid part, and the rigidity of the first rigid part is less than that of the second rigid part; a snare loop portion; a connecting portion capable of accommodating at least a portion of the snare loop portion; and an operating portion connected to the snare loop portion, the operating portion drives a portion or all of the snare loop portion to protrude from or enter the connecting portion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims the priority of a Chinese application with patent application number 202311219288.7 filed on September 20, 2023, and a Chinese application with patent application number 202311346415.X filed on October 17, 2023, and the entire contents of both are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This specification relates to the field of medical devices, particularly to snares.

Background Art

[0003] A snare is a medical device widely used in modern medicine, and the resection of a lesion can be completed by contracting the snare loop. However, in the process of capturing related tissues, when the snare loop is drawn into the sheath, the axial change of the snare loop is smaller than the radial change. Therefore, the original annular snare loop gradually becomes an elongated snare loop, and the tissue cannot be completely wrapped by the elongated snare loop. As a result, the snare loop cannot gradually tighten and fix the tissue, affecting the completeness of the resection of the lesion.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is desirable to propose a snare that can stabilize the morphological change when the snare loop in the snare is drawn into the sheath, avoid the generation of an elongated snare loop, is advantageous for capturing and fixing the lesion, can ensure the complete resection of the lesion, avoid the occurrence of an easy slippage phenomenon between the snare and the lesion, and can also bring them into contact to make them more fitting and stable.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] A snare provided by one or more embodiments of this specification includes a first rigid part and a second rigid part connected to the first rigid part, wherein at least a portion of the structure of the second rigid part is located distal to the first rigid part, and the rigidity of the first rigid part is less than that of the second rigid part; a snare loop portion; a connecting portion capable of accommodating at least a portion of the snare loop portion; and an operating portion connected to the snare loop portion, wherein the operating portion drives a portion or all of the snare loop portion to protrude from or enter the connecting portion.

[0006] In some embodiments, when the snare loop portion does not enter the connection portion or enters it partially, the aspect ratio of the snare loop portion is in the range of 0.5 to 1, where the aspect ratio is the ratio of the dimension of the snare loop portion along the radial direction of the snare to the dimension of the snare loop portion along the axial direction of the snare.

[0007] In some embodiments, during the process in which a part of the snare loop portion enters the connection portion, the first rate of change of the snare loop portion is less than or equal to the second rate of change, where the first rate of change represents the ratio of the amount of change in the dimension of the snare loop portion along the radial direction of the snare to the initial radial dimension, and the second rate of change represents the ratio of the amount of change in the dimension of the snare loop portion along the axial direction of the snare to the initial axial dimension.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first rigid portion includes a first connecting stage, the second rigid portion includes a second connecting stage, the second connecting stage is located distal to the first connecting stage, and the rigidity of the first connecting stage is less than the rigidity of the second connecting stage.

[0009] In some embodiments, the two ports at the distal end of the first connection stage are each connected to the two ports at the proximal end of the second connection stage, and the two ports at the proximal end of the first connection stage are connected to the operating unit.

[0010] In some embodiments, when the snare loop portion does not enter the connection portion, the ratio of the dimension of the second connection stage along the axial direction of the snare to the dimension of the snare loop portion along the axial direction of the snare is in the range of 0.1 to 0.35.

[0011] In some embodiments, the ratio of the stiffness of the first connecting stage to the stiffness of the second connecting stage is in the range of 0.2 to 0.9.

[0012] In some embodiments, both the first and second connecting stages include an arc-shaped structure, where the curvature of the arc-shaped structure of the first connecting stage is smaller than the curvature of the arc-shaped structure of the second connecting stage.

[0013] In some embodiments, the ratio of the curvature of the arc-shaped structure of the first connecting stage to the curvature of the arc-shaped structure of the second connecting stage is in the range of 0.1 to 0.85.

[0014] In some embodiments, the hardness of the second connecting stage is higher than that of the first connecting stage.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first feature dimension is smaller than the second feature dimension, where the first feature dimension is the cross-sectional feature dimension of the first connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage, and the second feature dimension is the cross-sectional feature dimension of the second connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the second connecting stage.

[0016] In some embodiments, the ratio of the first feature dimension to the second feature dimension is in the range of 0.5 to 0.95.

[0017] In some embodiments, the first connecting stage is composed of at least two first connecting units, and the second connecting stage is composed of at least one second connecting unit, wherein the number of first units is greater than the number of second units, where the number of first units is the number of first connecting units constituting the first connecting stage, and the number of second units is the number of second connecting units constituting the second connecting stage.

[0018] In some embodiments, if the absolute value of the difference between the first feature dimension and the second feature dimension is less than or equal to a first preset difference threshold, the number of first reinforcements is greater than the number of second reinforcements, where the first feature dimension is the feature dimension of the cross-section of the first connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage, and the second feature dimension is the feature dimension of the cross-section of the second connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the second connecting stage.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first preset threshold is any value between 0 and 0.1 mm.

[0020] In some embodiments, the second cross-section is configured as one or more of a circular, square, or hexagonal shape, and the first cross-section is configured as one or more of a semicircular, triangular, or rectangular shape, where the first cross-section is the cross-section of the first connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage, and the second cross-section is the cross-section of the second connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the second connecting stage.

[0021] In some embodiments, the second connecting stage includes a base connecting stage and a rigid reinforcing member, the rigid reinforcing member being fixed to the base connecting stage.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first connection stage and the base connection stage are integrated into a single structure.

[0023] In some embodiments, the second rigid portion further includes a third connecting stage, the third connecting stage being located at a more proximal end than the first connecting stage, the rigidity of the first connecting stage being less than that of the second connecting stage, and the rigidity of the first connecting stage being less than that of the third connecting stage.

[0024] In some embodiments, the two distal ports of the first connection stage are each connected to the two proximal ports of the second connection stage, the two proximal ports of the first connection stage are each connected to the two distal ports of the third connection stage, and the two proximal ports of the third connection stage are connected to the operating unit.

[0025] In some embodiments, when the snare loop portion does not enter the connection portion, the value of the ratio of the dimension along the axial direction of the snare of the third connection stage to the dimension along the axial direction of the snare of the snare loop portion is in the range of 1 / 10 to 2 / 5.

[0026] In some embodiments, the rigidity of the third connection stage is the same as the rigidity of the second connection stage, or the rigidity of the third connection stage is greater than the rigidity of the second connection stage, or the rigidity of the third connection stage is less than the rigidity of the second connection stage.

[0027] In some embodiments, when the rigidity of the third connection stage is the same as the rigidity of the second connection stage, the value of the ratio of the rigidity of the first connection stage to the rigidity of the second connection stage is in the range of 0.2 to 0.9, or when the rigidity of the third connection stage is greater than the rigidity of the second connection stage, the value of the ratio of the rigidity of the second connection stage, the rigidity of the first connection stage and the rigidity of the third connection stage is in the range of (1.1 to 3.4):1:(1.4 to 3.6), or when the rigidity of the third connection stage is less than the rigidity of the second connection stage, the value of the ratio of the rigidity of the second connection stage, the rigidity of the first connection stage and the rigidity of the third connection stage is in the range of (1.1 to 3.5):1:(1 to 3.2).

[0028] In some embodiments, the hardness of the third connection stage is higher than the hardness of the first connection stage.

[0029] In some embodiments, the first characteristic dimension is smaller than the third characteristic dimension, where the first characteristic dimension is the characteristic dimension of the cross-section of the first connection stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connection stage, and the third characteristic dimension is the characteristic dimension of the cross-section of the third connection stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the third connection stage.

[0030] In some embodiments, the value of the ratio of the first characteristic dimension to the third characteristic dimension is in the range of 0.5 to 0.95.

[0031] In some embodiments, the first connecting stage is composed of at least two first connecting units, and the third connecting stage is composed of at least one third connecting unit, wherein the number of first connecting units is greater than the number of third connecting units, where the number of first connecting units is the number of first connecting units constituting the first connecting stage, and the number of third connecting units is the number of third connecting units constituting the third connecting stage.

[0032] In some embodiments, if the difference between the first feature dimension and the third feature dimension is less than or equal to the second preset difference threshold, the number of first reinforcements is greater than the number of third reinforcements, where the first feature dimension is the feature dimension of the cross-section of the first connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage, and the third feature dimension is the feature dimension of the cross-section of the third connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the third connecting stage.

[0033] In some embodiments, the second preset threshold is any value between 0 and 0.1 mm.

[0034] In some embodiments, the third cross-section is configured as one or more of a circular, square, or hexagonal shape, and the first cross-section is configured as one or more of a semicircular, triangular, or rectangular shape, wherein the first cross-section is the cross-section of the first connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage, and the third cross-section is the cross-section of the third connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the third connecting stage.

[0035] In some embodiments, the third connecting stage includes a base connecting stage and a rigid reinforcing member, the rigid reinforcing member being fixed to the base connecting stage.

[0036] In some embodiments, the snare loop portion has a symmetrical structure with the axis of symmetry being the axis on which the axial direction of the snare is located, and / or the second rigid portion has a symmetrical structure with the axis of symmetry being the axis on which the axial direction of the snare is located.

[0037] In some embodiments, the connection includes a first traction member and a sheath, the first traction member being located within the sheath, the first traction member connecting the snare loop portion and the operating portion, and the operating portion driving, via the first traction member, so that part or all of the snare loop portion protrudes from or enters the sheath.

[0038] In some embodiments, at least a portion of both the first rigid portion and the second rigid portion closer to the first traction member is integrally structured with the first traction member, and / or at least a portion of both the first rigid portion and the second rigid portion closer to the first traction member is fixedly connected to the first traction member.

[0039] In some embodiments, the snare loop includes a base and an adjustment section, the adjustment section being slidably connected to the base section, two ports at the proximal end of the base section being connected to the distal end of the first traction member, the adjustment section including a first rigid section and a second rigid section, and the operating section driving part or all of the base section and part or all of the adjustment section to protrude from or enter the sheath.

[0040] In some embodiments, the connection further includes a second traction member disposed within the sheath, both of which are configured to move along the axial direction of the sheath, the second traction member being slidable relative to the first traction member, the second traction member including a first traction cable and a second traction cable, the distal end port of the first traction cable being connected to one port of the proximal end of the adjustment unit, the distal end port of the second traction cable being connected to the other port of the proximal end of the adjustment unit, the first traction cable and the second traction cable sliding along the axial direction of the sheath, driving the adjustment unit to slide relative to the base unit.

[0041] In some embodiments, the operating unit includes an adjustment member connected to two ports at the proximal end of the snare loop via the first traction member, the adjustment member driving the two ports at the proximal end of the snare loop to move synchronously or asynchronously.

[0042] In some embodiments, marks are placed on the first rigid part and / or the second rigid part. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0043] This specification is further described by embodiments of exemplary examples, which are described in detail with reference to the drawings. These embodiments are not limiting, and in these embodiments, the same reference numerals indicate the same structure. [Figure 1] This is an illustrative block diagram of a snare according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of a snare according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of a snare loop section according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram of yet another snare according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram of yet another snare loop section relating to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 6A] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of a snare drum. [Figure 6B] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of a snare according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 7] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in the operation process of the snare loop section according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 8A] This is a schematic diagram of an elliptical snare loop section according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 8B] This is a schematic diagram of a circular snare loop according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 8C]This is a schematic diagram of a heart-shaped snare loop according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 8D] This is a schematic diagram of a hexagonal snare loop according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 8E] This is a schematic diagram of a shield-type snare loop according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 8F] This is a schematic diagram of a polygonal snare loop according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 9] This is a schematic diagram of the first connection unit in the first connection stage according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 10] This is a schematic diagram of yet another snare loop section relating to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 11] This is a schematic diagram of yet another snare loop section relating to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 12A] This is an enlarged schematic diagram of a portion of the snare loop according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 12B] This is yet another enlarged schematic diagram of a snare loop portion according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 13] This is yet another enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of a snare loop portion according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 14] These are schematic diagrams of the partial structures of the first and second traction members according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 15] This is a schematic diagram of a part of the operating section according to some embodiments of this specification. [Figure 16] This is a schematic diagram of a material stiffness test method according to some embodiments of this specification. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0044] 100 Snare, 110 Operating section, 111 Handle, 112 First slide member, 113 Second slide member, 120 Connection section, 121 Sheath, 1211 Outer sheath, 1212 Inner sheath, 122 First traction member, 123 Connecting tube, 124 Support protection tube, 125 Connection member, 126 Second traction member, 126-1 First traction cable, 126-2 Second traction cable, 127 Restriction ring, 130 Snare loop section, 131 First connection stage, 131-1 Sub-connection stage, 131-a First connection unit, 132 Second connection stage, 132-1 Base connection stage, 132-2 Rigidity reinforcement member, 133 Third connection stage, 134 Guide structure, 135 Connecting ring, 136 First adjustment channel, 137 Second adjustment channel, 1301 Base section, 1302 adjustment section, 200 lesion, 310 material, 320 material after deformation, 330 support member, 340 biasing member. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0045] To further describe the technical means of the embodiments of this specification, the drawings necessary for describing the embodiments are briefly described below. Naturally, the drawings in the following description are merely some examples or embodiments of this specification, and those skilled in the art can apply this specification to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without any creative work. Unless otherwise indicated or as is evident from the context, identical reference numerals in the figures represent identical structures or functions.

[0046] It should be understood that the terms “system,” “apparatus,” “unit,” and / or “module” as used herein are intended to distinguish different components, elements, parts, sections, or assemblies at different levels. However, if other words can achieve the same purpose, those words may be replaced with other expressions.

[0047] As described herein and in the claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, words such as “one,” “one,” “one kind,” and / or “the said” do not specifically refer to the singular form, but may also include the plural form. Generally, the terms “includes” and “equip” indicate only that the explicitly identified steps and elements are included, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or device may also include other steps or elements.

[0048] This specification uses flowcharts to illustrate the operations performed by the systems according to the embodiments herein. It should be understood that preceding or succeeding operations do not necessarily have to be performed in a precise order. Instead, each step may be performed in reverse order or simultaneously. At the same time, other operations may be added to these processes, or one or more operations may be removed from them.

[0049] In some snare drum designs, the snare loop becomes elongated as it tightens during the snare's operation. Here, the snare loop refers to the portion located outside the connection point (e.g., the sheath at the connection point) of the snare loop. For example, the dimensional change of the snare loop is shown in the table below.

[0050] JPEG2026521804000002.jpg26170

[0051] Here, from the initial stage to the third stage, the snare loop is gradually tightened. The aforementioned axial dimension refers to the maximum dimension of the snare loop portion along the axial direction A of the snare 100, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, and the aforementioned radial dimension refers to the maximum dimension of the snare loop portion along the radial direction B of the snare 100, as shown in Figures 2 and 4. For example, if the snare loop portion is an elliptical snare loop as shown in Figure 2, the axial dimension of the snare loop portion corresponds to the major axis along the axial direction A, and the radial dimension corresponds to the minor axis along the radial direction B.

[0052] As shown in the table above, during the process of the snare loop entering the sheath, the aspect ratio constantly decreases, the snare loop gradually becomes elongated, and the lesion is not completely covered by the elongated snare loop. In some embodiments of this specification, the snare loop portion of the snare is arranged as multiple parts of different rigidity, namely a first rigid part and a second rigid part, where the first rigid part is connected to the second rigid part, at least a part of the structure of the second rigid part is located distal to the first rigid part, and the rigidity of the first rigid part is less than that of the second rigid part. Because each rigid part has a different rigidity, the deformation of each rigid part can be made different during the operation of the snare, thereby ensuring that the change in shape of the snare loop portion is stable, avoiding the snare loop portion gradually becoming elongated, guaranteeing the completeness of the lesion coverage by the snare loop portion, improving the efficiency and completeness of excision, avoiding the slip phenomenon that is likely to occur between the snare loop portion and the lesion, and making the contact between the two fit better and more stable.

[0053] It should be noted that the stiffness of each rigid part described herein can be determined by various methods. Examples include tensile testing, compression testing, bending testing, and torsional testing. Furthermore, for example, the stiffness of each rigid part can also be determined by testing using the method shown in Figure 16. As shown in Figure 16, a material 310 can be placed on a support member 330, and a biasing member 340 can apply a vertically downward force F toward the center position on which the material 310 is placed. Under the action of force F, the material 310 deforms, and the deformed material 320 is obtained. Here, the magnitude of the deformation from material 310 to the deformed material 320 along the direction of force F is the displacement H, and the stiffness K of the material 310 can be calculated using the formula K = F / H. In addition, the hardness described herein can also be determined by various methods such as the Rockwell hardness test, Vickers hardness test, and Brinell hardness test.

[0054] Figure 1 is an illustrative block diagram of a snare according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0055] The snare 100 can be used to excise lesions (e.g., polyps). As shown in Figure 1, the snare 100 may include an operating section 110, a connecting section 120, and a snare loop section 130.

[0056] The operating unit 110 can be used by an operator (for example, a doctor or nurse using the snare 100) to operate the snare 100. The operating unit 110 is connected to the snare loop 130 and can be driven to cause part or all of the snare loop 130 to protrude into or enter the connection 120. The operating unit 110 may include a handle 111 and an adjustment member. The handle 111 may be used for the operator to grasp, and the adjustment member may be used to control the snare 100. The adjustment member may include a first adjustment member that can control and drive part or all of the snare loop 130 to enter into or protrude from the connection 120. For example, the first adjustment member may include a first sliding member 112 that is slidable relative to the handle 111, as shown in Figure 2. When using the snare 100, the operator can slide the first slide member 112 along the axial direction A relative to the handle 111 by inserting a finger into the limiting hole of the first slide member 112 and applying force to the first slide member 112 along the axial direction A of the snare 100. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 15, for example, the first adjustment member may also include a second slide member 113. The second slide member 113 is also slidable relative to the handle 111, and the sliding of the second slide member 113 can drive the sheath 121 to slide along the axial direction A of the snare 100. For more details on the first slide member 112 and the second slide member 113, refer to the related descriptions later in this specification.

[0057] The connector 120 can accommodate at least a portion of the snare loop portion 130. The connector 120 is also used to connect the operating portion 110 and the snare loop portion 130. As shown in Figure 2, the connector 120 includes a sheath 121 and a first traction member 122, the first traction member 122 is located inside the sheath 121, the first traction member 122 connects the snare loop portion 130 and the operating portion 110, and the operating portion 110 can be driven via the first traction member 122 so that part or all of the snare loop portion 130 protrudes from or enters the sheath 121. For example, the proximal end of the first traction member 122 can be connected to the first slide member 112, and the distal end of the first traction member 122 can be connected to the snare loop portion 130. By sliding the first slide member 112, the first traction member 122 can be driven to move along the axial direction A, thereby driving part or all of the snare loop portion 130 to protrude from or enter the sheath 121. Further details regarding the first traction member 122 can be found in the related descriptions later in this specification.

[0058] As shown in Figure 2, in this specification, the distal end is the end of the snare 100 that is further from the operating section 110, and the proximal end is the end of the snare 100 that is closer to the operating section 110.

[0059] In some embodiments, the connection section 120 may further include other structures. As shown in Figure 2, the connection section 120 may further include a connecting tube 123, the proximal end of which is connected to the distal end of the first traction member 122, and the distal end of which is connected to the snare loop section 130. The aforementioned connecting tube 123 may be located inside or outside the sheath 121. The connection section 120 may further include a support protection tube 124. The aforementioned support protection tube 124 may be located outside the sheath 121. Also, if the sheath 121 is made of a flexible material, it is understood that the support protection tube 124 can support the sheath 121 to ensure the normal use of the snare 100. The connection section 120 may further include a connecting member 125, and the sheath 121 may be connected to the operating section 110 via the connecting member 125.

[0060] The snare loop portion 130 can be used to excise a designated area of ​​the patient. The snare loop portion 130 may have an annular structure. For example, the shape of the snare loop portion 130 may be a circular annular structure, an elliptical annular structure, a heart-shaped annular structure, a shield-shaped annular structure, a hexagonal annular structure, and other polygonal annular structures. The snare loop portion 130 may include one or more linear segment structures. For example, the hexagonal snare loop portion 130 shown in Figure 8D may be composed of multiple linear segment structures. The snare loop portion 130 may include one or more arc-shaped structures. For example, the heart-shaped snare loop portion 130 shown in Figure 8C may be composed of multiple arc-shaped structures. Also, for example, the shield-shaped snare loop portion 130 shown in Figure 8E may be composed of multiple arc-shaped structures and multiple linear segment structures. For further details regarding arc-shaped structures, please refer to the following section of this specification.

[0061] In some embodiments, the snare loop portion 130 may include a first rigid portion and a second rigid portion connected to the first rigid portion, wherein at least a portion of the structure of the second rigid portion is located distal to the first rigid portion, and the rigidity of the first rigid portion is less than that of the second rigid portion. In some embodiments, the first rigid portion may include a first connecting stage 131, and the second rigid portion may include a second connecting stage 132. In some embodiments, the second rigid portion may further include a third connecting stage 133. Further details regarding the first connecting stage 131, the second connecting stage 132, and the third connecting stage 133 can be found below in this specification.

[0062] The snare loop portion 130 can be formed from a plurality of biocompatible materials. For example, the material of the snare loop portion 130 may include, but is not limited to, metals, polymers, alloys, etc. Furthermore, the material of the snare loop portion 130 may include steel, tungsten, nitinol 6, or titanium, etc. Here, the material of the snare loop portion 130 can refer to the material of the first connecting stage 131 and / or the second connecting stage 132 in the embodiment of Figure 2, and can also refer to the material of the first connecting stage 131, the second connecting stage 132, and / or the third connecting stage 133 in the embodiment of Figure 4.

[0063] In some embodiments of this specification, by configuring the snare loop portion 130 as a first rigid portion and a second rigid portion with different rigidities, the rigidity of the distal end of the snare loop portion 130 can be increased, preventing it from becoming elongated during operation and ensuring a secure fit to the lesion.

[0064] In some embodiments, marks are placed on the first and / or second rigid sections, making it easier for the operator to intuitively grasp the difference in stiffness of the snare loop section and adjust it as needed. For example, the first and second rigid sections may be configured with different colors and / or reflectivity.

[0065] In some embodiments, when the second rigid section includes only the second connecting stage 132 and the snare loop section 130 does not enter the connecting section 120, the ratio of the dimension of the second connecting stage 132 along the axial A of the snare 100 to the dimension of the snare loop section 130 along the axial A of the snare 100 is in the range of 0.1 to 0.35, preferably in the range of 0.125 to 0.25. As shown in Figure 3, the dimension of the second connecting stage 132 along the axial A of the snare 100 is b, and the dimension of the snare 100 along the axial A is L. On the other hand, if the ratio of b to L is less than 0.1, even if a second connecting stage 132 with higher rigidity is provided, the dimension of the snare 100 along the axial A is too small, so the effect on the deformation of the entire snare loop section 130 during the operation of the snare 100 is small, and the snare loop section 130 remains elongated. On the other hand, if the ratio of b to L is greater than 0.35, the dimension of the snare 100 along axial A of the highly rigid second connecting stage 132 is too large, which may prevent the snare loop portion 130 from fitting and fixing well to the lesion. After the first connecting stage 131 enters the sheath 121, the snare loop portion includes only the second connecting stage 132, so the snare loop portion 130 remains elongated during subsequent use. Preferably, when the ratio of b to L is 1 / 6, the change in the snare loop portion 130 is most stable and it can fit well to the lesion.

[0066] In some embodiments, when the second rigid section further includes a third connecting stage 133 and the snare loop section 130 does not enter the connecting section 120, the ratio of the dimension of the third connecting stage 133 along the axial A of the snare 100 to the dimension of the snare loop section 130 along the axial A of the snare 100 is in the range of 1 / 10 to 2 / 5, preferably in the range of 1 / 5 to 1 / 3. As shown in Figure 5, the dimension of the third connecting stage 133 along the axial A of the snare 100 is c, and the dimension of the snare 100 along the axial A is L. On the other hand, if the ratio of c to L is less than 1 / 10, the rigidity of the snare loop is insufficient and the adhesion is poor. On the other hand, if the ratio of c to L is greater than 2 / 5, a relatively small aspect ratio occurs during the shrinkage process, and the snare loop section 130 becomes elongated.

[0067] Preferably, when the ratio of b, a, and c is 1:2:1, the change in the snare loop portion 130 is most stable and it can fit well to the lesion.

[0068] By limiting the dimensions of the first and second rigid parts of the snare 100 along the axial direction A, the stability of changes during the use of the snare 100 can be maintained, elongation of the snare loop 130 during operation can be avoided, and a fit and capture to the lesion can be ensured.

[0069] In some embodiments, the snare loop portion 130 has a symmetrical structure with the axis of symmetry being the axis on which the axial direction of the snare 100 is located. For example, the snare loop portion 130 may have symmetrical structures such as the elliptical snare loop portion 130 shown in Figure 8A, the circular snare loop portion 130 shown in Figure 8B, the heart-shaped snare loop portion 130 shown in Figure 8C, the hexagonal snare loop portion 130 shown in Figure 8D, the shield-shaped snare loop portion 130 shown in Figure 8E, and the polygonal snare loop portion 130 shown in Figure 8F. Here, the snare loop portion 130 of different shapes described above can be applied to different application scenarios. For example, the elliptical snare loop portion 130 shown in Figure 8A can capture common lesions (e.g., typical polyps), while the circular snare loop portion 130 shown in Figure 8B has a larger radial dimension (radial direction B as shown in Figure 2), making it easier to approach the lesion and allowing it to be used to grasp large, flat lesions. Also, for example, the aforementioned hexagonal snare loop portion 130 shown in Figure 8D can be used to capture flat lesions. By arranging the snare loop portion 130 in a symmetrical structure, the deformation of the snare loop portion 130 during use is stabilized, allowing for more complete coverage of the lesion. In some embodiments, the second rigid portion has a symmetrical structure with the axis of symmetry being the axis on which the axial direction of the snare 100 is located.

[0070] In some embodiments, the snare loop portion 130 may have other shapes. For example, the snare loop portion 130 may be crescent-shaped. A crescent-shaped snare loop portion 130 facilitates adjustment of the opening width along its radial direction (radial direction B as shown in Figure 2). Furthermore, the snare loop portion 130 can also be used in combination with a transparent cap.

[0071] In some embodiments, the snare loop portion 130 may further include other structures. For example, a guide structure 134 may be further placed on the snare loop portion 130. The aforementioned guide structure 134 has a "V" shape and can be used to guide and position the lesion. The aforementioned guide structure 134 can be placed at the leading edge along the axial direction A of the snare 100. As shown in Figure 1, the aforementioned guide structure 134 can be placed at the distal end of the second connecting stage 132.

[0072] In some embodiments, if the snare loop portion 130 does not enter the connection portion 120, or enters only partially, the aspect ratio of the snare loop portion 130 may be in the range of 0.4 to 1.1. Here, the aspect ratio is the ratio of the dimension of the snare loop portion of the snare loop portion 130 along the radial direction of the snare 100 to the dimension of the snare loop portion along the axial direction A of the snare 100. It is understood that the snare loop portion is the part of the snare loop portion 130 that is located outside the connection portion 120 (for example, the sheath 121 in the connection portion 120). If the snare loop portion 130 does not enter the connection portion 120, the snare loop portion may be the entire snare loop portion 130. As shown in Figure 3, if the snare loop portion 130 does not enter the connection portion 120, the aspect ratio is D / L. Here, D is the dimension of the snare loop portion along the radial direction of the snare 100, and L is the dimension of the snare loop portion along the axial direction A of the snare 100. Preferably, if the snare loop portion 130 does not enter the connection portion 120, or enters it partially, the aspect ratio value of the snare loop portion 130 is in the range of 0.5 to 1. If the aspect ratio of the snare loop portion 130 is too large or too small, the snare loop portion 130 will become elongated in the radial or axial direction. For example, if the aspect ratio of the snare loop portion 130 is 0.2, it indicates that L of the snare loop portion 130 is too large than D, and that the snare loop portion 130 will become elongated in the axial direction.

[0073] The range of aspect ratio values ​​for snare loop sections 130 of different shapes may differ. For example, if the snare loop section 130 is elliptical, the aforementioned aspect ratio of the snare loop section 130 may be 0.5. Also, for example, if the snare loop section 130 is circular, the aforementioned aspect ratio of the snare loop section 130 may be 1. By setting different ranges of aspect ratio values ​​for snare loop sections 130 of different shapes, the stability of axial and radial changes during the operation of the snare loop section 130 can be ensured, and it is possible to avoid it becoming excessively elongated and affecting its use.

[0074] As shown in Figure 7, during the tightening process of a snare loop portion 130, the snare loop portion located outside the connecting portion 120 can change from snare loop portion 130-a to snare loop portion 130-b, and then to snare loop portion 130-c, where L1, L2, and L3 are dimensions along the axial direction A of snare loop portion 130-a, snare loop portion 130-b, and snare loop portion 130-c, respectively, and D1, D2, and D3 are dimensions along the radial direction B of snare loop portion 130-a, snare loop portion 130-b, and snare loop portion 130-c, respectively, and during the tightening process of the snare loop portion 130, the ratios D1 / L1, D2 / L2, and D3 / L3 are always between 0.5 and 1. Preferably, the value of the above ratio may be 0.7. In some embodiments of this specification, the above configuration makes it possible to avoid the snare loop portion 130 gradually becoming elongated due to excessive size in the axial direction A during operation, or gradually becoming flattened due to excessive size in the radial direction B, thereby ensuring the stability of the changes in the snare loop portion 130.

[0075] In some embodiments, when the snare loop portion 130 partially enters the connection portion 120, the first rate of change of the snare loop portion in the snare loop portion 130 is less than or equal to the second rate of change. The first rate of change represents the ratio of the change in the dimension of the snare loop portion along the radial direction B of the snare 100 to the initial radial dimension, and the second rate of change represents the ratio of the change in the dimension of the snare loop portion along the axial direction A of the snare 100 to the initial axial dimension. The aforementioned initial radial dimension and initial axial dimension are the initial values ​​of the dimensions of the snare loop portion 130 along the radial direction B and axial direction A, respectively, when the snare loop portion 130 does not enter the connection portion 120. In some embodiments, for any point in time during the operation of the snare 100, the following equation (1) is satisfied.

[0076] JPEG2026521804000003.jpg11170

[0077] Here, D is the initial radial dimension of the snare loop portion 130, and L is the initial axial dimension of the snare loop portion 130, and D i This is the dimension of the snare loop portion of the snare drum 100 along the radial direction B at this time, L i This represents the dimensions of the snare loop portion along the axial direction A of the snare drum at the present time.

[0078] In some embodiments of this specification, by limiting the relationship between the magnitudes of the first rate of change and the second rate of change, the radial change of the snare loop portion 130 can be made smaller than the axial change, thereby avoiding the snare loop portion 130 from gradually becoming elongated, which is advantageous for capturing and fixing lesions.

[0079] In some embodiments, the first rigid section may include a first connecting stage 131, and the second rigid section may include a second connecting stage 132. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a snare according to the embodiments described herein.

[0080] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the snare loop section 130 may include a first connecting stage 131 and a second connecting stage 132 located distal to the first connecting stage 131. The second connecting stage 132 and the first connecting stage 131 may be a symmetrical structure with the axis of symmetry being the axis of symmetry of the axial direction of the snare 100, or they may be an asymmetrical structure. For example, both the second connecting stage 132 and the first connecting stage 131 shown in Figure 2 may be symmetrical structures with the axis of symmetry being the axis of symmetry of the axial direction of the snare 100. In this case, the entire second connecting stage 132 is located distal to the entire first connecting stage 131. Alternatively, for example, the second connecting stage 132 and / or the first connecting stage 131 may be an asymmetrical structure with the axis of symmetry being the axis of symmetry of the axial direction of the snare 100. For example, the lengths of the second connecting stages 132 on both sides of the snare drum 100's axis are different in the axial direction A, and / or the lengths of the first connecting stages 131 on both sides of the snare drum 100's axis are different in the axial direction A. In this case, the most distal end of the second connecting stage 132 is located more distally (i.e., further from the operating section 110) than the most distal end of the first connecting stage 131.

[0081] In some embodiments, the two ports at the distal end of the first connection stage 131 are connected to the two ports at the proximal end of the second connection stage 132, respectively, to form a snare loop 130. The two ports at the proximal end of the first connection stage 131 are connected to the operating section 110. The first connection stage 131 and the second connection stage 132 may be strip-shaped structures. In some embodiments, the first connection stage 131 may be a single strip-shaped structure, and any position of the strip-shaped structure other than the ports may be connected to the first traction member 122. The connection points of the aforementioned connections may be the proximal end of the first connection stage 131, and the two ports of the strip-shaped structure may be the distal end of the first connection stage 131 and connected to the two ports at the proximal end of the second connection stage 132, and the proximal end of the first traction member 122 may be connected to the operating section 110 (for example, the first slide member 112 in the operating section 110). In some embodiments, the first connection stage 131 may consist of two strip-shaped structures. As shown in Figure 2, the first connection stage 131 may include two sub-connection stages 131-1. The two ports at the distal ends of the two sub-connection stages 131-1 are connected to the two ports at the proximal ends of the second connection stage 132. The two ports at the proximal ends of the two sub-connection stages 131-1 are connected directly to the first traction member 122 or to the first traction member 122 via a connecting pipe 123, and the proximal end of the first traction member 122 may be connected to the operating section 110.

[0082] In some embodiments, the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 is less than that of the second connecting stage 132. Preferably, the ratio of the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 to the stiffness of the second connecting stage 132 may be in the range of 0.2 to 0.9, preferably in the range of 0.3 to 0.8. For example, the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 may be 50 to 400 N / m, and the stiffness of the second connecting stage 132 may be 200 to 1000 N / m. Preferably, the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 may be 110 N / m, and the stiffness of the second connecting stage 132 may be about 300 N / m. Furthermore, by limiting the range of stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 and the second connecting stage 132, it is possible to ensure smooth operation of the snare drum 100 by the operator while avoiding the snare loop portion 130 becoming elongated. In some embodiments, the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 can be made less than that of the second connecting stage 132 by various settings, and details of how to make the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 less than that of the second connecting stage 132 can be found at the bottom of this description.

[0083] In some embodiments of this specification, by making the stiffness of the second connecting step 132 located at the distal end of the snare loop portion 130 greater than the stiffness of the first connecting step 131 located at the proximal end of the second connecting step 132, when the snare loop portion 130 contracts into the connecting portion 120, the second connecting step 132 located at the distal end of the snare loop portion 130 can provide more tension along the radial direction B to counteract the axial force A caused by the contraction of the snare loop portion 130, thereby reducing radial deformation of the snare loop portion 130 during contraction, avoiding the snare loop portion 130 from gradually becoming elongated, and making capture of the lesion easier. Of course, when the snare loop portion 130 contacts the lesion, the stiffness of the second connecting step 132 also provides contact force to the lesion, improving the degree of adhesion and stability between the snare loop portion 130 and the tissue.

[0084] In the operation of a snare 100 in which the snare loop portion 130, as shown in some embodiments of this specification, includes a first connecting stage 131 and a second connecting stage 132, the dimensional changes of the snare loop portion as the snare loop is tightened are shown in the table below.

[0085] JPEG2026521804000004.jpg27170

[0086] As shown in the table above, in some embodiments of this specification, by setting the snare loop of the snare 100 to a first connecting stage 131 and a second connecting stage 132 with different rigidities, it is possible to stabilize the change in the shape of the snare loop during the operation of the snare 100, avoid the snare loop portion 130 gradually becoming elongated, ensure the complete coverage of the lesion by the snare loop portion 130, and improve the efficiency and completeness of excision.

[0087] In some embodiments, the second rigid section may further include a third connecting stage 133. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a snare according to the embodiments described herein.

[0088] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the snare loop section 130 includes a first connecting stage 131, a second connecting stage 132, and a third connecting stage 133, where the third connecting stage 133 may be located more proximal to the first connecting stage 131. The third connecting stage 133 may be a symmetrical structure with the axis of symmetry being the axis of symmetry of the axial direction of the snare 100, or it may be an asymmetrical structure. For example, both the third connecting stage 133 and the first connecting stage 131 shown in Figure 4 may be symmetrical structures with the axis of symmetry being the axis of symmetry of the axial direction of the snare 100. In this case, the entire third connecting stage 133 is located more proximal to the entire first connecting stage 131. Alternatively, for example, the third connecting stage 133 and / or the first connecting stage 131 may be an asymmetrical structure with the axis of symmetry being the axis of symmetry of the axial direction of the snare 100. For example, the lengths of the third connecting stages 133 on both sides of the snare drum 100's axis are different in the axial direction A, and / or the lengths of the first connecting stages 131 on both sides of the snare drum 100's axis are different in the axial direction A. In this case, the nearest end of the third connecting stage 133 is located more proximal to the nearest end of the first connecting stage 131 (i.e., it is closer to the operating section 110).

[0089] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the two ports at the proximal end of the first connection stage 131 are connected to the two ports at the distal end of the third connection stage 133, and the two ports at the distal end of the first connection stage 131 are connected to the two ports at the proximal end of the second connection stage 132, respectively. The two ports at the proximal end of the third connection stage 133 may be connected to the operating unit 110 via the first traction member 122. The ports at the proximal and distal ends of one sub-connection stage 131-1 constituting the first connection stage 131 are connected to one port at the distal end of the third connection stage 133 and one port at the proximal end of the second connection stage 132, respectively, and the ports at the proximal and distal ends of the other sub-connection stage 131-1 are connected to the other port at the distal end of the third connection stage 133 and the other port at the proximal end of the second connection stage 132, respectively.

[0090] In some embodiments, the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 is less than that of the second connecting stage 132, and less than that of the third connecting stage 133. For example, the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 may be about 50 to 400 N / m, and the stiffnesses of the second and third connecting stages 132 and 133 may be about 200 to 1000 N / m. Preferably, the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 may be 110 N / m, and the stiffnesses of the second and third connecting stages 132 and 133 may both be 300 N / m. In some embodiments, the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 can be made less than that of the second and third connecting stages 132 and 133 by various settings, and details of how to make the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 less than that of the second and third connecting stages 132 and 133 can be found at the bottom of this description.

[0091] As shown in Figure 6A, if the rigidity of the connection part and the part connected to it in the snare loop of the snare drum is low, the snare loop will have difficulty applying force to the lesion 200, and a good fit of the snare loop on the snare drum to the lesion 200 cannot be ensured. As shown in Figure 6B, if the rigidity of the third connecting stage 133 is high, the operator can adjust the direction and angle of the snare loop 130 when using the snare drum 100, allowing the third connecting stage 133 to apply force to the lesion 200, deforming the lesion 200 and making the snare loop 130 on the snare drum 100 to fit more tightly to the lesion 200. In some embodiments of this specification, by providing a third connecting stage 133, which is more rigid than the first connecting stage 131, between the first connecting stage 131 and the connecting portion 120, it is possible to ensure that the change in the shape of the snare loop is stable during the operation of the snare 100, to avoid the snare loop portion 130 gradually becoming elongated, and to ensure that the snare loop portion 130 and the lesion 200 fit better in the snare 100, thereby improving the efficiency and completeness of the excision.

[0092] Furthermore, when an operator uses a snare to capture a lesion, if the rigidity of the part of the snare loop that connects to the connector is low, it is understood that when the snare is in the air, the snare loop will deform in the direction of its center of gravity due to the influence of gravity, and the radial distance of the snare loop will be shortened. In addition, in some embodiments of this specification, by providing a third connection stage 133 with higher rigidity than the first connection stage 131 between the first connection stage 131 and the connector 120, the deformation of the snare loop 130 in the air can be reduced, the shortening of the radial distance of the snare loop can be avoided, and the snare 100 can be easily captured from the lesion.

[0093] In some embodiments, the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 may be the same as that of the second connecting stage 132. By setting the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 and the stiffness of the second connecting stage 132 to the same value, the snare 100 can change uniformly during use, making it easier for the operator to grasp the progress of the snare loop. When the snare 100 is used to capture a polyp with uniform overall hardness, the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 in the snare 100 may be equal to that of the second connecting stage 132, so that the snare loop portion 130 contacts and fits the tissue of the entire polyp. Preferably, when the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 is the same as that of the second connecting stage 132, the ratio of the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 to the stiffness of the second connecting stage 132 is in the range of 0.2 to 0.9, preferably in the range of 0.3 to 0.8. By limiting the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 and the second connecting stage 132 based on the range of values ​​of this ratio, the changes in the snare loop section 130 along the axial direction A and radial direction B can be made more stable, and control by the operator can be made easier. For example, the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 may be 310 N / m, and the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 and the stiffness of the second connecting stage 132 may both be 635 N / m.

[0094] In some embodiments, the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 may be higher than that of the second connecting stage 132. For example, the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 may be 635 N / m, and the stiffness of the second connecting stage 132 may be 390 N / m. By setting the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 higher than that of the second connecting stage 132, the snare 100 can maintain its shape before capture, avoid deformation, and facilitate capture of the lesion. When the snare 100 is used to capture relatively hard polyp tissue at the proximal end, the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 in the snare 100 can be set higher than that of the second connecting stage 132. This allows the snare loop portion 130 to make stable contact with the proximal end of the polyp. Preferably, when the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 is higher than that of the second connecting stage 132, the ratio of the stiffness of the second connecting stage 132, the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131, and the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 is in the range of (1.1~3.4):1:(1.4~3.6), and preferably (1.25~3.3):1:(1.5~3.5). Setting the values ​​based on this range of ratios can further improve the success rate of snare 100 capture. It can also be understood that the aforementioned range of ratio values ​​should be set on the premise that the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 is higher than that of the second connecting stage 132. That is, the value of the third connecting stage 133 within the range of ratio values ​​must be greater than the value of the second connecting stage 132 within the range of ratio values.

[0095] In some embodiments, the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 may be lower than that of the second connecting stage 132. For example, the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 may be 390 N / m, and the stiffness of the second connecting stage 132 may be 635 N / m. Setting the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 lower than that of the second connecting stage 132 ensures that the operator can perform the excision with less force. When the snare 100 is used to capture relatively hard polyp tissue at the distal end, the stiffness of the second connecting stage 132 in the snare 100 can be set higher than that of the third connecting stage 133. This allows the snare loop 130 to make stable contact with the distal end of the polyp. Preferably, when the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 is lower than that of the second connecting stage 132, the ratio of the stiffness of the second connecting stage 132, the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131, and the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 is in the range of (1.1~3.5):1:(1~3.2), and preferably in the range of (1.25~3.3):1:(1~3). Setting the ratio based on this range of values ​​makes it easier for the operator to resect the lesion and reduces the operator's operational difficulties. Furthermore, it can be understood that the aforementioned range of ratio values ​​should be set on the premise that the stiffness of the third connecting stage 133 is lower than that of the second connecting stage 132. That is, the value of the third connecting stage 133 within the range of ratio values ​​must be smaller than the value of the second connecting stage 132 within the range of ratio values.

[0096] In some embodiments of this specification, the snare loop portion 130 undergoes dimensional changes in the snare loop portion as it tightens during the operation of the snare 100 of the first connecting stage 131, second connecting stage 132, and third connecting stage 133, as shown in the table below.

[0097] JPEG2026521804000005.jpg27170

[0098] As shown in the table above, in some embodiments of this specification, the snare loop of the snare 100 is configured as a first connecting stage 131, a second connecting stage 132, and a third connecting stage 133. Here, the second connecting stage 132 has higher rigidity than the first connecting stage 131, which stabilizes the change in snare loop shape during the operation of the snare 100, prevents the snare loop portion 130 from gradually becoming elongated, ensures the complete coverage of the lesion by the snare loop portion 130, and improves the efficiency and completeness of excision. By setting the rigidity of the third connecting step 133 located at the proximal end of the snare loop portion 130 to be higher than the rigidity of the first connecting step 131 located at the distal end of the third connecting step 133, when the snare loop portion 130 is brought into contact with a lesion and captured, the highly rigid third connecting step 133 is brought into contact downward with the base of the lesion (the contact force to the lesion is provided by the rigidity of the third connecting step 133), thereby avoiding the slip phenomenon that is likely to occur between the snare loop portion 130 and the lesion, and improving the fit, stability, success rate, and accuracy of the snare loop. Of course, the rigidity of the third connecting step 133 can also reduce radial deformation of the proximal end of the snare loop portion 130 during contraction, making tissue capture easier.

[0099] In some embodiments, the first rigid part and the second rigid part may be integral or non-integrated. When the first and second rigid parts are non-integrated, they can be connected by various connection processes. These connection processes include, but are not limited to, one or more of laser welding, brazing, plasma welding, argon arc welding, and rotary swaging. Preferably, the first and second rigid parts can be connected by one or more of laser welding, brazing, and rotary swaging, thereby increasing the rigidity of the connection point between the first and second rigid parts, avoiding elongation during the operation of the snare loop 130, and ensuring a good fit and capture to the lesion. Further details regarding the integral structure of the first and second rigid parts can be found in the related descriptions below.

[0100] In some embodiments, at least a portion of both the first rigid portion and the second rigid portion that is closer to the first traction member 122 is fixedly connected to the first traction member 122.

[0101] If the second rigid section includes only the second connecting stage 132, the structure closest to the first traction member 122 among both the first and second rigid sections is the first connecting stage 131, and the first connecting stage 131 can be fixedly connected to the first traction member 122. The proximal end of the first connecting stage 131 may be directly or indirectly connected to the distal end of the first traction member 122. As shown in Figure 2, the proximal end of the first connecting stage 131 may be connected to the distal end of the connecting pipe 123, and the proximal end of the connecting pipe 123 may be connected to the distal end of the first traction member 122. Since the proximal end of the first traction member 122 is connected to the first sliding member 112, the snare loop section 130 can be deformed by sliding the first sliding member 112, causing part or all of the snare loop section 130 to protrude from or enter the sheath 121.

[0102] If the second rigid section further includes a third connecting step 133, the structure closer to the first traction member 122 among both the first and second rigid sections is the third connecting step 133, and the third connecting step 133 can be fixedly connected to the first traction member 122. As shown in Figure 4, the proximal end of the third connecting step 133 may be connected to the first traction member 122. In some preferred embodiments, the proximal end of the third connecting step 133 may be integrally structured with the first traction member 122. The above configuration simplifies the manufacturing process of the third connecting step 133 and the first traction member 122, ensures the stability of the connection between the third connecting step 133 and the first traction member 122, and prevents the third connecting step 133 from detaching. In some other embodiments, the proximal end of the third connecting step 133 may be fixedly connected to the first traction member 122. For example, the proximal end of the third connecting stage 133 may be fixedly connected to the first traction member 122 via one or more of the following: laser welding, brazing, and rotary swaging. The proximal end of the third connecting stage 133 can be connected to the first traction member 122, and since the first traction member 122 is also connected to the first slide member 112, the sliding of the first slide member 112 can deform the snare loop portion 130 by driving part or all of the snare loop portion 130 to protrude from or enter the sheath 121.

[0103] The following describes a method for configuring the first and second rigid parts such that the rigidity of the first rigid part is lower than that of the second rigid part. It should be understood that the snare drum 100 may have a rigidity difference between the first and second rigid parts based on one or more of the following configurations. For example, the first characteristic dimension of the first connecting stage 131 and the second characteristic dimension of the second connecting stage 132 are the same, but the hardness of the second connecting stage 132 may be higher than that of the first connecting stage 131, so the rigidity of the second connecting stage 132 will be higher than that of the first connecting stage 131. Furthermore, if the second rigid part includes the second connecting stage 132 and the third connecting stage 133, the rigidity difference between them and the first connecting stage 131 may be the same or different.

[0104] In some embodiments, the components in the first rigid part and the second rigid part may have differences in rigidity due to their hardness.

[0105] In some embodiments, the hardness of the second connecting stage 132 is higher than that of the first connecting stage 131 in order to make the rigidity of the first connecting stage 131 lower than that of the second connecting stage 132. For example, the difference between the hardness of the second connecting stage 132 and the hardness of the first connecting stage 131 may be 5 to 10 HRB, the hardness of the second connecting stage 132 may be 80 to 95 HRB, and the hardness of the first connecting stage 131 may be 70 to 85 HRB. Preferably, the hardness of the second connecting stage 132 may be 85 to 90 HRB, and the hardness of the first connecting stage 131 may be 75 to 80 HRB. This ensures a uniform change in the snare loop section 130 while reducing the difficulty of operation for the operator.

[0106] The second connecting stage 132 and the first connecting stage 131 can be made of different materials, as long as the hardness of the first connecting stage 131 is lower than the hardness of the second connecting stage 132. The second connecting stage 132 and the first connecting stage 131 may be made of the same material. If the second connecting stage 132 is made of the same material as the first connecting stage 131, the hardness of the second connecting stage 132 can be increased by a hardening process (e.g., one or more of the following: heat treatment, work hardening, alloying, grain refinement strengthening, etc.).

[0107] Similarly, the hardness of the third connecting stage 133 may be higher than that of the first connecting stage 131, thereby ensuring that the rigidity of the first connecting stage 131 is lower than that of the third connecting stage 133.

[0108] In some embodiments, the components in the first rigid section and the second rigid section may have differences in rigidity due to their characteristic dimensions.

[0109] In some embodiments, the first feature dimension is smaller than the second feature dimension, where the first feature dimension is the feature dimension of the cross-section of the first connecting stage 131 perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage 131, and the second feature dimension is the feature dimension of the cross-section of the second connecting stage 132 perpendicular to the axial direction of the second connecting stage 132. The aforementioned feature dimension can represent the minimum dimension of the shape characteristics of the cross-section. For example, if the cross-section is elliptical, the dimensions reflecting the characteristics of the cross-section may include the major axis and the minor axis, and the feature dimension may be the minor axis. Also, for example, if the cross-section is rectangular, the dimensions reflecting the characteristics of the cross-section may include the length and width, and the feature dimension may be the smaller of the length and width. Also, for example, if the cross-section is circular, the dimensions reflecting the characteristics of the cross-section may include the diameter, and the feature dimension may be the diameter. Also, for example, if the cross-section is triangular, the dimensions reflecting the characteristics of the cross-section may include the height and the base, and the feature dimension may be the smaller of the height and the base.

[0110] In some embodiments, the first feature dimension being smaller than the second feature dimension may be of the same type. As shown in Figure 3, the first feature dimension of the cross section NN of the first connecting stage 131 perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage 131 is smaller than the second feature dimension of the cross section MM of the second connecting stage 132 perpendicular to the axial direction of the second connecting stage 132. For example, if both the cross section NN corresponding to the first connecting stage 131 and the cross section MM corresponding to the second connecting stage 132 are circular, the first and second feature dimensions may be the diameters of the cross sections NN and MM, respectively, and the diameter of the cross section MM should be larger than the diameter of the cross section NN. In some embodiments, the difference between the second and first feature dimensions may be 0.1 to 0.2 mm. For example, the diameters of the cross sections NN and MM may be 0.30 mm and 0.40 mm, respectively. Alternatively, for example, the diameters of the cross sections NN and MM may be 0.25 mm and 0.35 mm, respectively. Furthermore, for example, the diameters of cross-sections NN and MM may be 0.20 mm and 0.40 mm, respectively. Preferably, the ratio of the first characteristic dimension to the second characteristic dimension is in the range of 0.5 to 0.95, and more preferably in the range of 0.6 to 0.9.

[0111] In some embodiments, the first feature dimension being smaller than the second feature dimension may be of a different type. For example, if the cross-section corresponding to the first connecting stage 131 is circular, the first feature dimension may be the diameter of the aforementioned circular cross-section, and if the cross-section corresponding to the second connecting stage 132 is elliptical, the second feature dimension may be the minor axis of the aforementioned elliptical cross-section.

[0112] Similarly, the first feature dimension is smaller than the third feature dimension, where the third feature dimension is the feature dimension of the cross-section of the third connecting stage 133 perpendicular to the axial direction of the third connecting stage 133. In some embodiments, the first and third feature dimensions may be of the same type. For example, if both the cross-section NN corresponding to the first connecting stage 131 and the cross-section OO corresponding to the third connecting stage 133 are circular, then the aforementioned first and third feature dimensions may be the diameters of cross-sections NN and OO, respectively, and the diameter of cross-section OO should be larger than the diameter of cross-section NN. In some embodiments, the difference between the feature dimensions corresponding to the first and third feature dimensions may be 0.1 to 0.2 mm. For example, the diameters of cross-sections NN and OO may be 0.30 mm and 0.40 mm, respectively. Preferably, the ratio of the first feature dimension to the third feature dimension is in the range of 0.5 to 0.95, and more preferably in the range of 0.6 to 0.9.

[0113] In some embodiments, the stiffness of each component in the first and second rigid sections may vary depending on the minimum number of units.

[0114] In some embodiments, when the absolute value of the difference in the dimensions of each feature is 0.1 mm or less (preferably 0.05 mm), each connecting unit becomes thinner in areas with a large number of reinforcing bars, and thicker in areas with a small number of reinforcing bars. As shown in Figure 9, the first connecting stage 131 is composed of at least two first connecting units 131-a joined together, and the second connecting stage 132 is composed of at least one second connecting unit (not shown). The first connecting unit 131-a and the second connecting unit may be the smallest units that constitute the first connecting stage 131 and the second connecting stage 132, respectively. It should be noted that the first connecting stage 131 and the second connecting stage 132 are strip-shaped structures, and accordingly, the first connecting unit 131-a and the second connecting unit may also be strip-shaped structures. The material of the first connecting unit 131-a and the second connecting unit described above may be one or more of nickel titanium, 304 stainless steel, or other suitable materials.

[0115] In some embodiments, multiple first connection units 131-a can be merged by various merging processes to form a corresponding first connection stage 131, and each first connection unit can be seen in any cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the first connection stage 131. As shown in Figure 9, a certain first connection stage 131 is composed of seven first connection units 131-a, and the seven first connection units 131-a can be seen in any cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the first connection stage 131. For example, multiple first connection units 131-a can be fixed together by deforming them by rotation after they have been arranged, thereby generating the first connection stage 131. Alternatively, for example, multiple first connection units 131-a can be connected and fixed together by welding, bonding, etc., to generate the first connection stage 131. Similarly, multiple second connection units can also be merged by the various merging processes described above to form a corresponding second connection stage 132.

[0116] In some embodiments, the number of first-order muscles is greater than the number of second-order muscles in order to ensure that the rigidity of the first-order stage 131 is lower than that of the second-order stage 132. Here, the number of first-order muscles is the number of muscles in the first-order connection unit 131-a that constitutes the first-order stage 131, and the number of second-order muscles is the number of muscles in the second-order connection unit that constitutes the second-order stage 132. For example, the number of second-order muscles is 7 and the number of first-order muscles is 19. Alternatively, for example, the number of second-order muscles is 3 and the number of first-order muscles is 7.

[0117] Furthermore, for example, if the first connection unit has 2 reinforcing bars and the second connection unit has 1 reinforcing bar, and the characteristic dimensions of the first connection unit 131-a and the second connection unit are the same, then even if the number of reinforcing bars in the first connection unit is greater than that of the second connection unit, in this case, the stiffness of the first connection stage 131 should be higher than the stiffness of the second connection stage 132. Therefore, when distinguishing the stiffness of different stiff parts based on the number of reinforcing bars, it is necessary to limit the characteristic dimensions of the different stiff parts. To ensure that the difference in the number of reinforcing bars can reflect the difference in stiffness, the absolute value of the difference in characteristic dimensions between the first connection stage 131 and the second connection stage 132 is less than or equal to a first preset difference threshold. More preferably, the first connection stage 131 and the second connection stage 132 are the same or approximately the same, except for the number of reinforcing bars in the connection units (i.e., the first connection unit 131-a and the second connection unit). For example, the difference in characteristic dimensions, cross-sectional shape, and physicochemical properties between the first connection stage 131 and the second connection stage 132 is 0 or within 5%. In some embodiments, the number of first reinforcing bars is greater than the number of second reinforcing bars in order that the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 is lower than that of the second connecting stage 132 when the difference between the first and second feature dimensions is less than a first preset difference threshold. The first preset difference threshold is the range of difference between the first and second feature dimensions when evaluating the first and second connecting stages 131 and 132 based on the number of reinforcing bars. In some embodiments, the first preset difference threshold may be 0 to 0.1 mm, and preferably any value between 0 and 0.05 mm. For example, the first preset difference threshold may be 0. Alternatively, for example, the first preset difference threshold may be 0.02 mm or 0.05 mm.

[0118] In some embodiments, the third connecting stage 133 is composed of at least one third connecting unit, the number of first-order reinforcing bars being greater than the number of third-order reinforcing bars, where the number of third-order reinforcing bars is the number of third-order connecting units constituting the third connecting stage 133. The material of the aforementioned third connecting unit may be one or more of nickel-titanium, 304 stainless steel, or other suitable materials. Similarly, to ensure that the difference in the number of reinforcing bars reflects the difference in stiffness, the difference in characteristic dimensions between the first connecting stage 131 and the third connecting stage 133 is less than or equal to a second preset difference threshold. More preferably, the first connecting stage 131 and the third connecting stage 133 are the same or approximate, except for the number of reinforcing bars in the connecting units (i.e., the first connecting unit 131-a and the third connecting unit). For example, the difference in characteristic dimensions, cross-sectional shape, and physicochemical properties between the aforementioned first connecting stage 131 and the third connecting stage 133 is 0 or within 5%. In some embodiments, the number of first reinforcing bars is greater than the number of third reinforcing bars in order that the stiffness of the first connecting stage 131 is lower than that of the third connecting stage 133 if the difference between the first and third feature dimensions is less than the second preset difference threshold. The second preset difference threshold is the range of difference between the first and third feature dimensions when evaluating the first and third connecting stages 131 and 133 based on the number of reinforcing bars. In some embodiments, the second preset difference threshold may be 0 to 0.1 mm, and preferably any value between 0 and 0.05 mm.

[0119] In some embodiments, the components in the first rigid part and the second rigid part may have differences in rigidity depending on their cross-sectional shape.

[0120] In some embodiments, the second cross-section can be configured as one or more of the following: circular, square, or hexagonal; the first cross-section can be configured as one or more of the following: semicircular, triangular, or rectangular; here, the first cross-section is the cross-section of the first connecting stage 131 perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage 131; and the second cross-section is the cross-section of the second connecting stage 132 perpendicular to the axial direction of the second connecting stage 132. It should be noted that, when the material, cross-sectional area, and physicochemical properties are the same or similar (e.g., within a difference of 5%), cross-sectional shapes such as circular, square, and hexagonal have a more uniform dimensional distribution in each direction compared to cross-sectional shapes such as semicircular, triangular, and rectangular. Therefore, a structure having a circular, square, or hexagonal cross-section can have higher rigidity than a structure having a semicircular, triangular, or rectangular cross-section.

[0121] Similarly, the third cross-section can be configured as one or more of the following: circular, square, or hexagonal; the first cross-section can be configured as one or more of the following: semicircular, triangular, or rectangular; and the third cross-section is the cross-section of the third connecting stage 133 perpendicular to the axial direction of the third connecting stage 133.

[0122] By setting the cross-sectional shapes of the third connecting stage 133, the first connecting stage 131, and the second connecting stage 132 to be different from each other, it is possible to create a difference in rigidity among the third connecting stage 133, the first connecting stage 131, and the second connecting stage 132.

[0123] In some embodiments, the components of the first rigid part and the second rigid part may have a difference in rigidity due to the rigidity reinforcing member.

[0124] In some embodiments, the second connecting step 132 includes a base connecting step and a rigid reinforcing member, the rigid reinforcing member of which may be fixed to the base connecting step. For example, the second connecting step 132 shown in Figure 10 may include a base connecting step 132-1 and a rigid reinforcing member 132-2, where the rigid reinforcing member 132-2 can be spirally wrapped around the base connecting step 132-1 to increase the rigidity of the second connecting step 132. Alternatively, for example, the second connecting step 132 shown in Figure 11 may include a base connecting step 132-1 and a rigid reinforcing member 132-2, the rigid reinforcing member 132-2 may be a tubular material fitted outside the base connecting step 132-1. The aforementioned tubular material may be made of a flexible material. The cross-section of the tubular material perpendicular to the axial direction may be of various shapes (e.g., triangular, rectangular, square, etc.). For example, the rigid reinforcing member may further include a medical coating placed on the outside of the base connecting step, the aforementioned medical coating can increase the rigidity of the second connecting step 132.

[0125] In some embodiments, the rigidity of the stiffening member may be higher than that of the first connecting stage 131. For example, the stiffening member may be made of a material that is stiffer than the first connecting stage 131, such as nickel-titanium, titanium alloy, or stainless steel, but is not limited to these materials. In some embodiments of this specification, the structure, material, etc., of the stiffening member can be easily adjusted by arranging the base connecting stage and the stiffening member, respectively, and the stiffness of the second connecting stage 132 can be easily adjusted as needed.

[0126] In some embodiments, a second connection stage 132, comprising a base connection stage and a rigid reinforcing member, may be connected to the first connection stage 131 in various ways. For example, the base connection stage and the rigid reinforcing member can be combined, and the two ports at the distal end of the first connection stage 131 can be connected to the two ports at the distal end of the combined base connection stage and rigid reinforcing member in the second connection stage 132 via various connection processes (e.g., welding, bonding).

[0127] In some embodiments, the first connecting stage 131 and the base connecting stage may be an integrated structure. As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the first connecting stage 131 and the base connecting stage 132-1 may be an integrated structure. The first connecting stage 131 and the base connecting stage have the same material and cross-sectional dimensions and can be manufactured by integral molding, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. Furthermore, the user of the snare 100 can flexibly select the placement position of the rigid reinforcing member according to actual needs (e.g., lesion shape) to make the snare loop portion 130 more tightly fitted to the lesion during use. In some embodiments of this specification, by making the first connecting stage 131 and the base connecting stage an integrated structure, it becomes possible to modify existing snares, and by placing rigid reinforcing members as needed and avoiding the snare loop portion 130 becoming elongated during use, the manufacturing cost of the improved snare 100 can be reduced.

[0128] In some embodiments, the third connecting stage 133, similar to the second connecting stage 132, includes a base connecting stage and a rigid reinforcing member, the rigid reinforcing member of which may be fixed to the base connecting stage.

[0129] In some embodiments, the components of the first rigid part and the second rigid part may have a difference in rigidity due to the curvature of the arc-shaped structure.

[0130] As shown in Figure 2, when both the first connecting stage 131 and the second connecting stage 132 include an arc-shaped structure, the curvature of the arc-shaped structure of the first connecting stage 131 can be made smaller than the curvature of the arc-shaped structure of the second connecting stage 132, thereby increasing the rigidity of the second connecting stage 132 and making the rigidity of the first connecting stage 131 lower than that of the second connecting stage 132. Exemplarily, the radius of curvature of the first connecting stage 131 may be 15 to 55 mm, and the radius of curvature of the second connecting stage 132 may be 6 to 17 mm, preferably the radius of curvature of the first connecting stage 131 may be 20 to 50 mm, and the radius of curvature of the second connecting stage 132 may be 8 to 15 mm. By further restricting the radii of curvature of the two connecting stages as described above, the shape of the snare loop portion 130 can be ensured to facilitate the capture of lesions. Preferably, the ratio of the curvature of the arc-shaped structure of the first connecting stage 131 to the curvature of the arc-shaped structure of the second connecting stage 132 may be in the range of 0.1 to 0.85, preferably in the range of 0.16 to 0.75.

[0131] In some embodiments of this specification, the components of the first rigid section and the second rigid section may have a difference in rigidity due to one or more of the aforementioned configurations. Furthermore, if the rigidity of the second connecting stage 132 and the third connecting stage 133 differs, a similar difference in rigidity can be created using the same configuration.

[0132] In some embodiments, the snare loop section 130 includes a base section 1301 and an adjustment section 1302, the adjustment section 1302 being slidably connected to the base section 1301.

[0133] The base portion 1301 may be used to control the overall size of the snare loop portion 130. The rigidity of each part of the base portion 1301 is the same.

[0134] The adjustment section 1302 is used to adjust the stiffness of each position of the snare loop section 130. The adjustment section 1302 may include a first stiffening section and a second stiffening section. As shown in Figure 12A, the adjustment section 1302 may include the first connecting stage 131 and the second connecting stage 132 described above.

[0135] The base portion 1301 and the adjustment portion 1302 are the same or similar in size and shape, and together constitute the snare loop portion 130. For example, the only difference between the base portion 1301 and the adjustment portion 1302 may be that the base portion 1301 is provided with a guide structure 134. Two ports at the proximal end of the base portion 1301 are connected to the distal end of the first traction member 122, and the operating portion 110 can control whether part or all of the base portion 1301 protrudes from or enters the sheath 121 via the first traction member 122. The materials of the base portion 1301 and the adjustment portion 1302 may be the same or different.

[0136] In some embodiments, the adjustment unit 1302 slides relative to the base unit 1301 to adjust the relative positions of the first and second rigid parts in the snare loop unit 130, thereby adjusting the rigidity of each position in the snare loop unit 130. Figures 12A and 12B are enlarged schematic diagrams of the same portion of the snare loop unit 130. The operator can adjust the position of the adjustment unit 1302 in the snare loop unit 130 shown in Figure 12A. By sliding the adjustment unit 1302 relative to the base unit 1301, the snare loop unit 130 shown in Figure 12B can be obtained. The positions of the first connection stage 131 and the second connection stage 132 in the adjustment section 1302 of the snare loop section 130 shown in Figure 12B are different from the positions of the first connection stage 131 and the second connection stage 132 in the adjustment section 1302 of the snare loop section 130 shown in Figure 12A.

[0137] In some embodiments, the adjustment section 1302 may further include a stiffness adjustment wire (not shown). As shown in Figure 13, the adjustment section 1302 is provided with a first adjustment channel 136, and the stiffness adjustment wire is detachably arranged in the first adjustment channel 136 to adjust the stiffness of the adjustment section 1302.

[0138] In some embodiments, the adjustment unit 1302 and the base unit 1301 can be arranged in various configurations so that the adjustment unit 1302 can slide relative to the base unit 1301.

[0139] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 12A, the base portion 1301 is provided with a plurality of connecting rings 135, and the adjustment portion 1302 is slidably connected to the base portion 1301 by passing through the connecting rings 135. The base portion 1301 may be fixedly connected to the plurality of connecting rings 135, and the adjustment portion 1302 can slide relative to the base portion 1301 by being driven by the operating portion 110. When the adjustment portion 1302 slides relative to the base portion 1301, the positions of the base portion 1301 and the connecting rings 135 do not change.

[0140] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 13, the base portion 1301 may be provided with a second adjustment channel 137, and the adjustment portion 1302 is slidably positioned within the second adjustment channel 137. The operating unit 110 can drive the adjustment portion 1302 to slide within the second adjustment channel 137. When the adjustment portion 1302 slides within the second adjustment channel 137, the position of the base portion 1301 itself does not change.

[0141] In some embodiments, the operating unit 110 can control the adjustment unit 1302 to slide relative to the base unit 1301. The connecting unit 120 may further include a second traction member 126 disposed within the sheath 121. Both the second traction member 126 and the first traction member 122 are configured to move along the axial direction of the sheath 121, and the second traction member 126 is slidable relative to the first traction member 122. The second traction member 126 may be connected to the adjustment unit 1302. For example, the second traction member 126 shown in Figure 14 may include a first traction cable 126-1 and a second traction cable 126-2. The distal end port of the first traction cable 126-1 is connected to one port at the proximal end of the adjustment unit 1302, and the distal end port of the second traction cable 126-2 is connected to the other port at the proximal end of the adjustment unit 1302. The operating unit 110 can drive the adjustment unit 1302 to slide relative to the base unit 1301 by controlling the first traction cable 126-1 and the second traction cable 126-2 to slide along the axial direction of the sheath 121.

[0142] In some embodiments, the operating section 110 can be driven so that part or all of the base section 1301 and the adjustment section 1302 protrude from or enter the sheath 121 in synchronous motion. In some embodiments, a limiting structure may be provided on the first traction member 122. The limiting structure can restrict the position of the second traction member 126 on the first traction member 122, enabling synchronous driving of the operating section 110 with respect to the base section 1301 and the adjustment section 1302 so that part or all of them protrude from or enter the sheath 121, and the second traction member 126 can slide relative to the first traction member 122 on the limiting structure. For example, the limiting structure may be a limiting ring 127 as shown in Figure 14. The aforementioned limiting ring 127 is fixedly connected to the first traction member 122, and the ports at the proximal ends of the first traction cable 126-1 and the second traction cable 126-2 are connected through a through hole in the limiting ring 127 and are slidable within the through hole in the limiting ring 127. The sliding of the first sliding member 112 can drive the first traction member 122 to move along the axial direction A, and synchronously drive the limiting ring 127 and the second traction member 126 located within the limiting ring 127 to move along the axial direction A, thereby achieving synchronous drive of the base portion 1301 and the adjustment portion 1302 to cause part or all of them to protrude from or enter the sheath 121. Alternatively, for example, the limiting structure may be a pulley. The rotation axis of the aforementioned pulley is fixedly positioned on the first traction member 122, and the ports at the proximal ends of the first traction cable 126-1 and the second traction cable 126-2 are wound around the slide groove of the pulley. The sliding of the first slide member 112 can drive the first traction member 122 to move along the axial direction A, and the pulley and the second traction member 126 provided on the pulley can be driven to move along the axial direction A in synchronous motion, thereby achieving synchronous drive of the base portion 1301 and the adjustment portion 1302, causing part or all of them to protrude from or enter the sheath 121.

[0143] In some embodiments, the adjustment member may further include a second adjustment member for driving the adjustment unit 1302 to slide relative to the base unit 1301. For example, if the limiting structure is a limiting ring 127, the second adjustment member may be a slide block, and there may be one or two slide blocks. The slide block is fixedly connected to a first traction cable 126-1 or a second traction cable 126-2 and can protrude from the handle 111. By sliding the slide block along the axial A of the snare 100, the operator can slide the first traction cable 126-1 and / or the second traction cable 126-2 along the axial A of the snare 100, thereby sliding the adjustment unit 1302 relative to the base unit 1301. Since the first traction member 122 is provided with a limiting ring 127, it is ensured that the entire adjustment unit does not move along the axial A at the same time as the adjustment unit 1302 slides relative to the base unit 1301. Alternatively, for example, if the limiting structure is a pulley, the second adjustment member may be a knob. The knob passes through the handle 111 and is connected to the pulley, allowing the operator to rotate the pulley by rotating the knob, which slides the first traction cable 126-1 and the second traction cable 126-2 along the axial direction A of the snare 100, thereby allowing the adjustment part 1302 to slide relative to the base part 1301.

[0144] In some embodiments of this specification, the sliding of the adjustment unit 1302 relative to the base unit 1301 can be achieved by one or more of the above-described configurations, and if the overall size of the snare loop unit 130 is determined, the operator can further adjust the stiffness of different positions of the snare loop unit 130 via the adjustment unit 1302 to adjust the shape of the snare loop unit 130 as needed to adapt to various scenarios.

[0145] In some embodiments, the first adjustment member can control the snare loop portion 130 to enter the connection portion 120 in various ways. The first adjustment member can be connected to two ports at the proximal end of the snare loop portion 130 via a first traction member 122, and the first adjustment member drives the two ports at the proximal end of the snare loop portion 130 to move synchronously or asynchronously.

[0146] In some embodiments, the first adjustment member may include a first slide member 112, and the operator can control the first traction member 122 to move along axial A via the first slide member 112, thereby driving the snare loop portion 130 to move along axial A, causing part or all of it to protrude from or enter the sheath 121. For example, the first traction member 122 may include a single strip structure (for example, the first traction member 122 may be a single traction rope). Both ports at the proximal end of the snare loop portion 130 are connected to the distal end of the first traction member 122, and when the operating unit 110 controls the first traction member 122 to move along axial A via the first slide member 112, the two ports at the proximal end of the snare loop portion 130 move synchronously, causing part or all of the snare loop portion 130 to protrude from or enter the sheath 121. Furthermore, for example, the first traction member 122 may further include two strip-shaped structures (for example, the first traction member 122 may be two traction ropes), namely a first sub-trailing member and a second sub-trailing member. The first slide member 112 includes a first sub-slide member and a second sub-slide member, the first sub-slide member being connected to the proximal end of the first sub-traction member and the distal end of the first sub-traction member being connected to one port of the proximal end of the snare loop portion 130, the second sub-slide member being connected to the proximal end of the second sub-traction member and the distal end of the second sub-traction member being connected to the other port of the proximal end of the snare loop portion 130, and both the first sub-slide member and the second sub-slide member can slide independently, driving the corresponding ports of the snare loop portion 130 to move along the axial direction A of the snare 100, thereby achieving asynchronous motion of the two ports of the proximal end of the snare loop portion 130, causing part or all of the snare loop portion 130 to protrude from or enter the sheath 121. For example, one port at the proximal end of the snare loop section 130 protrudes from the sheath 121, while the other port enters the sheath 121.The aforementioned first sub-slide member and second sub-slide member control the two ports at the proximal end of the snare loop 130, respectively. As the snare loop passes over the head of a large polyp, the expansion width of the structures on both sides of the axis of the snare loop 130 is continuously adjusted, allowing it to quickly pass through the gaps in the tissue. The operator can adjust the capture angle by controlling the two ports at the proximal end of the snare loop 130 according to the lesion, thereby improving the success rate of the snare loop.

[0147] In some embodiments of this specification, the operator can more flexibly control the shape of the snare loop portion 130 by causing the two ports at the proximal end of the snare loop portion 130 to move synchronously or asynchronously using the first adjustment member.

[0148] In some embodiments, the first adjustment member may further include a second sliding member 113, and the operator can control the movement of at least a portion of the structure of the sheath 121 along the axial direction A via the second sliding member 113 to cause part or all of the snare loop portion 130 to protrude from or enter the sheath 121. As shown in Figure 15, the sheath 121 may include an outer sheath 1211 and an inner sheath 1212. The position of the outer sheath 1211 on the snare 100 remains unchanged, the inner sheath 1212 can move relative to the outer sheath 1211 along the axial direction A of the snare 100, the proximal end of the inner sheath 1212 can be fixedly connected to the second sliding member 113, the second sliding member 113 can slide along the axial direction A of the snare 100, and the inner sheath 1212 is driven to move along the axial direction A, causing part or all of the snare loop portion 130 to enter the sheath 121 or to protrude from the sheath 121.

[0149] Naturally, when capturing based on the first slide member 112, the snare loop portion 130 contracts from the distal end to the proximal end, the position of the sheath 121 does not change, and the proximal end of the snare loop portion 130 continuously contracts into the sheath 121. However, the overall rigidity of the snare loop portion 130 is relatively low, making it easy for small lesions to slip when capturing them. If the snare 100 is also equipped with a second slide member 113, the snare 100 can capture based on the second slide member 113. In this case, the position of the snare loop portion 130 does not change, and the inner sheath 1212 moves to the distal end along the axial direction A, adjusting the size of the snare loop portion 130 to capture the lesion. Because the rigidity of the inner sheath 1212 is higher than that of the snare loop portion 130, it can contact the base of the lesion during capture, making it less likely for even small lesions to slip off and improving the success rate of the snare loop. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 15, the snare 100 can include both a first slide member 112 and a second slide member 113, and the operator can select and operate the corresponding components as needed, which improves the flexibility of operation of the snare 100. For example, the operator can capture the lesion with the second slide member 113 and then excise the lesion with the first slide member 112.

[0150] Having explained the basic concepts above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the above detailed disclosure is merely illustrative and does not limit this specification. Although not explicitly described here, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and alterations to this specification. Since such modifications, improvements, and alterations are proposed herein, they still fall within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments herein.

[0151] At the same time, this specification uses specific terminology to describe the examples herein. For example, “one example,” “one embodiment,” and / or “several examples” mean a particular feature, structure, or property relating to at least one example herein. Therefore, it should be emphasized that “one example,” “one embodiment,” or “one alternative embodiment” mentioned more than once in different places herein does not necessarily refer to the same example. Furthermore, particular features, structures, or properties in one or more examples herein can be appropriately combined.

[0152] Furthermore, unless expressly stated in the claims, the order of processing elements and arrangements described herein, the use of numerals and letters, or the use of other names is not intended to limit the order of flows and methods herein. While the above disclosure has illustrated currently useful embodiments of the invention with various examples, it should be understood that such details are for illustrative purposes only, and the attached claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments; on the contrary, the claims are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent combinations that conform to the substance and scope of the embodiments herein. For example, the system components described above may be implemented by hardware devices, or by software-only solutions. For example, the system described may be installed on a conventional server or mobile device.

[0153] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the descriptions disclosed herein and to aid in understanding embodiments of one or more inventions, the preceding descriptions of embodiments herein may consolidate various features into a single embodiment, drawing, or description thereof. However, such a method of disclosure does not mean that the features required for the subject matter herein are greater than the features referred to in the claims. In fact, the features of an embodiment are fewer than all the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.

[0154] In some embodiments, numerical values ​​are used to describe the number of components or attributes, and it should be understood that such numerical values ​​used to describe the embodiments are modified in some instances by the modifiers “about,” “approximately,” or “substantially.” Unless otherwise specified, “about,” “approximately,” or “substantially” indicates that the stated numerical values ​​are allowed to vary by ±20%. Thus, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used herein and in the claims are approximations that may vary depending on the desired characteristics of a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should be determined by a method that takes into account a predetermined number of significant digits and retains a general number of digits. In some embodiments herein, the numerical ranges and parameters used to identify the breadth of their range are approximations, but in specific embodiments, such numerical values ​​are set as precisely as possible within a feasible range.

[0155] Each patent, patent application, patent application publication, and other material cited herein, such as texts, books, specifications, publications, and documents, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Except for application history files that are inconsistent with or conflict with the content of this Specified, files that are limited to the broadest scope of the claims herein (currently or later attached to this Specified) are also excluded. Furthermore, the use of descriptions, definitions, and / or terms in the accompanying materials of this Specified shall be based on the use of descriptions, definitions, and / or terms in this Specified, using the portions that are inconsistent with or conflict with the aforementioned content of this Specified.

[0156] Finally, it should be understood that the examples described herein are used solely to illustrate the principles of the examples herein. Other variations may also fall within the scope of this specification. Therefore, alternative configurations of the examples herein may be considered consistent with the teachings herein, not as limitations but as examples. Accordingly, the examples herein are not limited to those explicitly introduced and described herein.

Claims

1. It's a snare drum, A snare loop portion comprising a first rigid portion and a second rigid portion connected to the first rigid portion, wherein at least a part of the structure of the second rigid portion is located distal to the first rigid portion, and the rigidity of the first rigid portion is less than the rigidity of the second rigid portion, A connecting portion capable of accommodating at least a part of the snare loop section, It comprises an operating section connected to the snare loop section, The snare drum is characterized in that the operating unit drives a part or all of the snare loop portion to protrude from or enter the connection portion.

2. If the snare loop portion does not enter the connection portion, or if it enters only partially, the aspect ratio value of the snare loop portion is in the range of 0.5 to 1. The snare according to claim 1, wherein the aspect ratio is the ratio of the dimension of the snare loop portion in the snare loop portion along the radial direction of the snare to the dimension of the snare loop portion along the axial direction of the snare.

3. In the process of a portion of the snare loop entering the connection portion, the first rate of change of the snare loop portion in the snare loop is less than or equal to the second rate of change. The snare according to claim 1, wherein the first rate of change represents the ratio of the amount of change in the dimension of the snare loop portion along the radial direction of the snare to the initial radial dimension, and the second rate of change represents the ratio of the amount of change in the dimension of the snare loop portion along the axial direction of the snare to the initial axial dimension.

4. The snare according to claim 1, characterized in that the first rigid part includes a first connecting stage, the second rigid part includes a second connecting stage, the second connecting stage is located distal to the first connecting stage, and the rigidity of the first connecting stage is less than the rigidity of the second connecting stage.

5. The snare according to claim 4, characterized in that the two ports at the distal end of the first connection stage are each connected to the two ports at the proximal end of the second connection stage, and the two ports at the proximal end of the first connection stage are connected to the operating unit.

6. The snare according to claim 4, characterized in that, when the snare loop portion does not enter the connection portion, the ratio of the dimension of the second connection stage along the axial direction of the snare to the dimension of the snare loop portion along the axial direction of the snare is in the range of 0.1 to 0.

35.

7. The snare according to claim 4, characterized in that the ratio of the stiffness of the first connecting stage to the stiffness of the second connecting stage is in the range of 0.2 to 0.

9.

8. Both the first connecting stage and the second connecting stage include an arc-shaped structure. The snare drum according to claim 4, characterized in that the curvature of the arc-shaped structure of the first connecting stage is smaller than the curvature of the arc-shaped structure of the second connecting stage.

9. The snare according to claim 8, characterized in that the ratio of the curvature of the arc-shaped structure of the first connecting stage to the curvature of the arc-shaped structure of the second connecting stage is in the range of 0.1 to 0.

85.

10. The snare drum according to claim 4, characterized in that the hardness of the second connecting stage is higher than the hardness of the first connecting stage.

11. The first feature dimension is smaller than the second feature dimension. The snare according to claim 4, wherein the first characteristic dimension is the characteristic dimension of the cross-section of the first connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage, and the second characteristic dimension is the characteristic dimension of the cross-section of the second connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the second connecting stage.

12. The snare according to claim 11, characterized in that the ratio of the first characteristic dimension to the second characteristic dimension is in the range of 0.5 to 0.

95.

13. The first connection stage is composed of at least two first connection units, and the second connection stage is composed of at least one second connection unit. The number of muscles in the first muscle group is greater than the number of muscles in the second muscle group. The snare according to claim 4, characterized in that the first number of muscles is the number of muscles in the first connecting unit constituting the first connecting stage, and the second number of muscles is the number of muscles in the second connecting unit constituting the second connecting stage.

14. If the absolute value of the difference between the first characteristic dimension and the second characteristic dimension is less than or equal to the first preset threshold, the number of the first muscle is greater than the number of the second muscle. The snare according to claim 13, wherein the first characteristic dimension is the characteristic dimension of the cross-section of the first connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage, and the second characteristic dimension is the characteristic dimension of the cross-section of the second connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the second connecting stage.

15. The snare according to claim 14, characterized in that the first preset threshold is any value between 0 and 0.1 mm.

16. The second cross-section is composed of one or more of the following shapes: circular, square, or hexagonal; the first cross-section is composed of one or more of the following shapes: semicircular, triangular, or rectangular. The snare according to claim 4, wherein the first cross section is a cross section of the first connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage, and the second cross section is a cross section of the second connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the second connecting stage.

17. The snare according to claim 4, wherein the second connecting stage includes a base connecting stage and a rigid reinforcing member, and the rigid reinforcing member is fixed to the base connecting stage.

18. The snare drum according to claim 17, characterized in that the first connection stage and the base connection stage are an integrated structure.

19. The snare according to any one of claims 4 to 18, wherein the second rigid portion further includes a third connecting stage, the third connecting stage is located at a more proximal end than the first connecting stage, the rigidity of the first connecting stage is less than the rigidity of the second connecting stage, and the rigidity of the first connecting stage is less than the rigidity of the third connecting stage.

20. The snare according to claim 19, characterized in that the two ports at the distal end of the first connection stage are each connected to the two ports at the proximal end of the second connection stage, the two ports at the proximal end of the first connection stage are each connected to the two ports at the distal end of the third connection stage, and the two ports at the proximal end of the third connection stage are connected to the operating unit.

21. The snare according to claim 19, characterized in that, when the snare loop portion does not enter the connection portion, the ratio of the dimension of the third connection stage along the axial direction of the snare to the dimension of the snare loop portion along the axial direction of the snare is in the range of 1 / 10 to 2 / 5.

22. The rigidity of the third connecting stage is the same as the rigidity of the second connecting stage, or The rigidity of the third connecting stage is greater than the rigidity of the second connecting stage, or The snare drum according to claim 19, characterized in that the rigidity of the third connecting stage is less than the rigidity of the second connecting stage.

23. If the stiffness of the third connecting stage is the same as the stiffness of the second connecting stage, the ratio of the stiffness of the first connecting stage to the stiffness of the second connecting stage is in the range of 0.2 to 0.9, or If the stiffness of the third connecting stage is greater than the stiffness of the second connecting stage, the ratio of the stiffness of the second connecting stage, the stiffness of the first connecting stage, and the stiffness of the third connecting stage is in the range of (1.1 to 3.4):1:(1.4 to 3.6), or The snare according to claim 22, characterized in that when the rigidity of the third connecting stage is less than the rigidity of the second connecting stage, the ratio of the rigidity of the second connecting stage, the rigidity of the first connecting stage, and the rigidity of the third connecting stage is in the range of (1.1 to 3.5):1:(1 to 3.2).

24. The snare drum according to claim 19, characterized in that the hardness of the third connecting stage is higher than the hardness of the first connecting stage.

25. The first feature dimension is smaller than the third feature dimension. The snare according to claim 19, wherein the first characteristic dimension is the characteristic dimension of the cross-section of the first connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage, and the third characteristic dimension is the characteristic dimension of the cross-section of the third connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the third connecting stage.

26. The snare according to claim 25, characterized in that the ratio of the first characteristic dimension to the third characteristic dimension is in the range of 0.5 to 0.

95.

27. The first connection stage is composed of at least two first connection units, and the third connection stage is composed of at least one third connection unit. The number of muscles in the first category is greater than the number of muscles in the third category. The snare according to claim 19, wherein the first number of muscles is the number of muscles in the first connecting unit constituting the first connecting stage, and the third number of muscles is the number of muscles in the third connecting unit constituting the third connecting stage.

28. If the absolute value of the difference between the first characteristic dimension and the third characteristic dimension is less than or equal to the second preset threshold, then the number of the first muscle is greater than the number of the third muscle. The snare according to claim 27, wherein the first characteristic dimension is the characteristic dimension of the cross-section of the first connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage, and the third characteristic dimension is the characteristic dimension of the cross-section of the third connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the third connecting stage.

29. The snare according to claim 28, characterized in that the second preset threshold is any value between 0 and 0.1 mm.

30. The third cross-section is composed of one or more of the following shapes: circular, square, or hexagonal; the first cross-section is composed of one or more of the following shapes: semicircular, triangular, or rectangular. The snare according to claim 19, wherein the first cross section is a cross section of the first connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting stage, and the third cross section is a cross section of the third connecting stage perpendicular to the axial direction of the third connecting stage.

31. The snare according to claim 19, characterized in that the third connecting stage includes a base connecting stage and a rigid reinforcing member, and the rigid reinforcing member is fixed to the base connecting stage.

32. The snare according to claim 1, characterized in that the snare loop portion has a symmetric structure with the axis of symmetry being the axis on which the axial direction of the snare is located, and / or the second rigid portion has a symmetric structure with the axis of symmetry being the axis on which the axial direction of the snare is located.

33. The connecting portion includes a first traction member and a sheath, the first traction member is disposed within the sheath, and the first traction member connects the snare loop portion and the operating portion. The snare according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating unit drives, via the first traction member, a part or all of the snare loop portion to protrude from or enter the sheath.

34. At least a portion of both the first rigid portion and the second rigid portion that is closer to the first traction member is integrally structured with the first traction member, and / or The snare according to claim 33, characterized in that at least a portion of both the first rigid portion and the second rigid portion that is closer to the first traction member is fixedly connected to the first traction member.

35. The snare loop portion includes a base portion and an adjustment portion, the adjustment portion being slidably connected to the base portion, two ports at the proximal end of the base portion being connected to the distal end of the first traction member, and the adjustment portion including a first rigid portion and a second rigid portion. The snare according to claim 33, characterized in that the operating part is driven so that part or all of the base part and part or all of the adjustment part protrude from or enter the sheath.

36. The connecting portion further includes a second traction member disposed within the sheath, and both the second traction member and the first traction member are configured to be movable along the axial direction of the sheath, and the second traction member is slidable relative to the first traction member. The second traction member includes a first traction cable and a second traction cable, wherein the port at the distal end of the first traction cable is connected to one port at the proximal end of the adjustment unit, and the port at the distal end of the second traction cable is connected to the other port at the proximal end of the adjustment unit. The snare according to claim 35, characterized in that the first traction cable and the second traction cable slide along the axial direction of the sheath, and the adjustment part is driven to slide relative to the base part.

37. The snare according to claim 33, wherein the operating unit includes an adjustment member connected to two ports at the proximal end of the snare loop via the first traction member, and the adjustment member drives the two ports at the proximal end of the snare loop to move synchronously or asynchronously.

38. The snare according to claim 1, characterized in that a mark is placed on the first rigid part and / or the second rigid part.

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