Wireless sensing method and apparatus

Abstract

A wireless sensing method and apparatus for protecting user privacy while acquiring wireless sensing results is disclosed. The method includes the steps of generating at least two sensing signal flows, the at least two sensing signal flows comprising a first sensing signal flow and a second sensing signal flow, wherein the first sensing signal flow is a random signal flow and the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function, and outputting at least two sensing signal flows in each of a plurality of time units. The solution provided in embodiments of this application can protect the privacy of authorized users and has low complexity of implementation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a wireless sensing method and apparatus.

Background Art

[0002] Sensing is one of the important applications of the 6th generation (6G) mobile communication technology and next-generation wireless connection (wireless-fidelity, Wi-Fi). The basic principle of sensing is to use a wireless signal to measure a channel to obtain channel state information (CSI) or channel impulse response (CIR), and thereby infer information about the environment or the detected object (for example, a person or an object in the environment) based on the channel state information or the channel impulse response. Special "measurement" signals (such as pilots) in a wireless system can be used for sensing, but such signals have a known signal structure and may lead to privacy exposure. There is a possibility that an unauthorized user may potentially eavesdrop on the above-mentioned measurement signals and infer the location, trajectory, behavior characteristics, etc. of an authorized user. This results in the leakage of privacy.

[0003] Therefore, how to protect the privacy of users while ensuring sensing performance is an urgent problem to be solved currently.

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0004] Embodiments of this application provide a wireless sensing method and apparatus for protecting the privacy of users while ensuring sensing performance.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the following technical solutions are used in this application.

[0006] According to a first embodiment, a wireless sensing method is provided. The method may be performed by a first node, or by a component of the first node, for example, a processor, chip or chip system of the first node, or by a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the first node. For example, the method may be performed by a first node. The method includes the steps of generating at least two sensing signal flows, the at least two sensing signal flows comprising a first sensing signal flow and a second sensing signal flow, wherein the first sensing signal flow is a random signal flow and the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function, and outputting at least two sensing signal flows in each of a plurality of time units.

[0007] In this embodiment of the present application, the first node may output at least two sensing signal flows in each of a plurality of time units. The first sensing signal flow is a random signal flow, and the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function. In this way, the second node can determine the wireless sensing result based on the received signal. In one embodiment, due to the low-pass characteristics of the low-pass function, an unauthorized user cannot determine the wireless sensing result. This protects the privacy of an authorized user. In another embodiment of the present application, only the group of random numbers used to determine the low-pass function needs to be shared between the first and second nodes, and as a result, an authorized user can determine the wireless sensing result based on the signal received by the second node. Thus, the complexity of implementation is low. In conclusion, in this embodiment of the present application, sensing can be guaranteed while maintaining low complexity of implementation and effectively protecting the privacy of an authorized user.

[0008] In possible implementations, the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant, while its phase changes over time. In this way, sensing accuracy can be guaranteed while protecting the privacy of authorized users. For example, since the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant and its phase changes over time, the channel intensity may remain constant, and channel estimation performance may be better. In addition, wireless sensing results are typically determined based on channel estimation results, and more accurate wireless sensing results can be obtained based on better channel estimation results. Therefore, sensing accuracy can be guaranteed while protecting the privacy of authorized users.

[0009] Optionally, the first sensing signal flow is a random scalar with a modulus of any positive number and a phase evenly distributed from 0 to 2π. Because this implementation is flexible, the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant, while its phase changes over time. In this way, sensing accuracy can be guaranteed while protecting the privacy of authorized users.

[0010] In possible implementations, the first sensing signal flow is a single point within a modulation constellation set. In this implementation, the first sensing signal flow is selected from a finite set, resulting in low implementation complexity. If a constant modulus modulation is performed on a point within the modulation constellation set, increasing the modulation order does not affect sensing accuracy. In this case, increasing the modulation order of the modulation constellation set may increase the "keyspace," making it difficult for unauthorized users to obtain sensing information and thus protecting user privacy. In other words, this solution can guarantee sensing accuracy while protecting the privacy of authorized users.

[0011] In possible implementations, the determination of a second sensing signal flow based on a first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function includes the phase of the second sensing signal flow being determined based on the sampling value of the low-pass function in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and the modulus of the second sensing signal flow being equal to the modulus of the first sensing signal flow. In one embodiment, the low-pass characteristics of the low-pass function prevent unauthorized users from determining the wireless sensing results via low-pass filtering, thereby protecting user privacy. In another embodiment, the modulus of the first sensing signal flow and the modulus of the second sensing signal flow are equal, thereby guaranteeing sensing accuracy. For example, channel estimation performance may be better because the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant while the phase changes with time units. In addition, since wireless sensing results are typically determined based on channel estimation results, more accurate wireless sensing results can be obtained based on better channel estimation results. Thus, sensing accuracy can be guaranteed.

[0012] Optionally, the relationship between the second sensing signal flow and the first sensing signal flow is as follows:

number

[0013] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, X2[k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, ρ represents the sampling value of the low-pass function in units of time for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and k is a positive integer. Based on the solution described above, the second sensing signal flow can be obtained when the first sensing signal flow is determined.

[0014] Optionally, the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier is within the modulation constellation set.

number

number

number

[0015] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, ρ represents the sampling value of the low-pass function in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and k is a positive integer. Based on the solution described above, the second sensing signal flow can be obtained when the first sensing signal flow is determined.

[0016] Optionally, a second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, a low-pass function, and a cyclic shift diversity (CSD) matrix K. Based on the solution described above, the second sensing signal flow can be obtained when the first sensing signal flow is determined.

[0017] Optionally, the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, a low-pass function, and a CSD matrix K, where the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, a randomization matrix φ, and K, where φ has principal diagonal elements of 1 and e jρ It is a diagonal matrix in which ρ is determined to represent the sampling value of the low-pass function in units of time for transmitting the sensing signal flow.

[0018] For example, the second sensing signal flow has the following relationship

number

[0019] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, and X2[k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier. The second sensing signal flow may be obtained by adding a φ module before an existing CSD module, which is less complex to implement.

[0020] For example, the second sensing signal flow has the following relationship

number

[0021] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, and X2[k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier. The second sensing signal flow may be obtained by adding a φ module after an existing CSD module, which is less complex to implement.

[0022] In possible implementations, the parameters of the low-pass function are shared and determined by a group of random numbers and an interpolation function. The group of random numbers is shared confidentially. In this way, the first and second nodes can determine the wireless sensing result by obtaining the group of random numbers in order to reduce system overhead.

[0023] Optionally, the parameters of the low-pass function may be generated by the first node, encrypted, and then sent to the second node. Alternatively, optionally, the parameters of the low-pass function may be generated by the second node, encrypted, and then sent to the first node. Alternatively, optionally, the first and second nodes may generate a group of random numbers based on pre-agreed parameters (e.g., based on a random seed and a random number generation algorithm). Alternatively, optionally, the parameters of the low-pass function may be generated by a third-party node, encrypted, and then sent to the first and second nodes.

[0024] According to a second embodiment, a wireless sensing method is provided. The method may be performed by a second node, or by a component of the second node, for example, a processor, chip or chip system of the second node, or by a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the second node. For example, the method may be performed by a second node. The method includes the steps of receiving a plurality of sensing signal flows in a plurality of time units, wherein the plurality of sensing signal flows include signals of a first sensing signal flow after channel transmission and signals of a second sensing signal flow after channel transmission, wherein the first sensing signal flow is a random signal flow and the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function, and processing at least two sensing signal flows received in the plurality of time units to determine a wireless sensing result.

[0025] In this embodiment of the present application, the second node may receive at least two sensing signal flows in each of a plurality of time units. The first sensing signal flow is a random signal flow, and the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function. In this way, the second node can determine the wireless sensing result based on the received signals. In one embodiment, due to the low-pass characteristics of the low-pass function, an unauthorized user cannot determine the wireless sensing result. This protects the privacy of authorized users. In another embodiment of the present application, only the group of random numbers used to determine the low-pass function needs to be shared between the first and second nodes, and as a result, authorized users can determine the wireless sensing result based on the signals received by the second node. Thus, the complexity of implementation is low. In conclusion, in this embodiment of the present application, sensing can be guaranteed while maintaining low complexity of implementation and effectively protecting the privacy of authorized users.

[0026] In possible implementations, the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant, while its phase changes over time. In this way, sensing accuracy can be guaranteed while protecting the privacy of authorized users. For example, since the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant and its phase changes over time, the channel intensity may remain constant, and channel estimation performance may be better. In addition, wireless sensing results are typically determined based on channel estimation results, and more accurate wireless sensing results can be obtained based on better channel estimation results. Therefore, sensing accuracy can be guaranteed while protecting the privacy of authorized users.

[0027] Optionally, the first sensing signal flow is a random scalar with a modulus of any positive number and a phase evenly distributed from 0 to 2π. Because this implementation is flexible, the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant, while its phase changes over time. In this way, sensing accuracy can be guaranteed while protecting the privacy of authorized users.

[0028] In possible implementations, the first sensing signal flow is a single point within a modulation constellation set. In this implementation, the first sensing signal flow is selected from a finite set, resulting in low implementation complexity. If a constant modulus modulation is performed on a point within the modulation constellation set, increasing the modulation order does not affect sensing accuracy. In this case, increasing the modulation order of the modulation constellation set may increase the "keyspace," making it difficult for unauthorized users to obtain sensing information and thus protecting user privacy. In other words, this solution can guarantee sensing accuracy while protecting the privacy of authorized users.

[0029] In possible implementations, the determination of a second sensing signal flow based on a first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function includes the phase of the second sensing signal flow being determined based on the sampling value of the low-pass function in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and the modulus of the second sensing signal flow being equal to the modulus of the first sensing signal flow. In one embodiment, the low-pass characteristics of the low-pass function prevent unauthorized users from determining the wireless sensing results via low-pass filtering, thereby protecting user privacy. In another embodiment, the modulus of the first sensing signal flow and the modulus of the second sensing signal flow are equal, thereby guaranteeing sensing accuracy. For example, channel estimation performance may be better because the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant while the phase changes with time units. In addition, since wireless sensing results are typically determined based on channel estimation results, more accurate wireless sensing results can be obtained based on better channel estimation results. Thus, sensing accuracy can be guaranteed.

[0030] Optionally, the relationship between the second sensing signal flow and the first sensing signal flow is as follows:

number

[0031] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, X2[k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, ρ represents the sampling value of the low-pass function in units of time for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and k is a positive integer. Based on the solution described above, the second sensing signal flow can be obtained when the first sensing signal flow is determined.

[0032] Optionally, the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier is within the modulation constellation set.

number

number

number

[0033] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, ρ represents the sampling value of the low-pass function in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and k is a positive integer. Based on the solution described above, the second sensing signal flow can be obtained when the first sensing signal flow is determined.

[0034] Optionally, a second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, a low-pass function, and a cyclic shift diversity (CSD) matrix K. Based on the solution described above, the second sensing signal flow can be obtained when the first sensing signal flow is determined.

[0035] Optionally, the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, a low-pass function, and a CSD matrix K, where the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, a randomization matrix φ, and K, where φ has principal diagonal elements of 1 and e jρ It is a diagonal matrix in which ρ is determined to represent the sampling value of the low-pass function in units of time for transmitting the sensing signal flow.

[0036] For example, the second sensing signal flow has the following relationship

number

[0037] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, and X2[k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier. The second sensing signal flow may be obtained by adding a φ module before an existing CSD module, which is less complex to implement.

[0038] For example, the second sensing signal flow has the following relationship

number

[0039] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, and X2[k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier. The second sensing signal flow may be obtained by adding a φ module after an existing CSD module, which is less complex to implement.

[0040] In possible implementations, the parameters of the low-pass function are shared and determined by a group of random numbers and an interpolation function. The group of random numbers is shared confidentially. In this way, the first and second nodes can determine the wireless sensing result by obtaining the group of random numbers in order to reduce system overhead.

[0041] Optionally, the parameters of the low-pass function may be generated by the first node, encrypted, and then sent to the second node. Alternatively, optionally, the parameters of the low-pass function may be generated by the second node, encrypted, and then sent to the first node. Alternatively, optionally, the first and second nodes may generate a group of random numbers based on pre-agreed parameters (e.g., based on a random seed and a random number generation algorithm). Alternatively, optionally, the parameters of the low-pass function may be generated by a third-party node, encrypted, and then sent to the first and second nodes.

[0042] According to a third embodiment, a communication device for carrying out the method described above is provided. The communication device may be a first node in the first embodiment, or a device included in the first node, such as a chip. Alternatively, the communication device may be a second node in the second embodiment, or a device included in the second node, such as a chip.

[0043] The communication device includes corresponding modules, units, or means for carrying out the methods described above. The modules, units, or means may be implemented by hardware, software, or hardware running the corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the functions described above.

[0044] In some possible designs, the communication device may include a processing module and a communication module. The communication module may include an output module (or transmit module) and an input module (or receive module), which are configured to implement the output (or transmit) function and the input (or receive) function in any of the above embodiments or possible designs, respectively. The processing module may be configured to implement the processing function in any of the above embodiments or possible designs.

[0045] Optionally, the communication device further includes a storage module configured to store program instructions and data.

[0046] According to a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided which includes at least one processor. The processor is configured to execute a computer program or instructions, or to use logic circuits to enable the communication device to perform the method according to any one of the preceding aspects. The communication device may be a first node in the first aspect, or a device included in the first node, such as a chip. Alternatively, the communication device may be a second node in the second aspect, or a device included in the second node, such as a chip.

[0047] In some possible designs, the communication device further includes memory configured to store computer instructions and / or logic circuit configuration files. Optionally, the memory and processor are integrated, or the memory is independent of the processor.

[0048] In one possible design, the communication device further includes a communication interface configured to input and / or output signals.

[0049] In some possible designs, the communication interface is an interface circuit configured to read and write computer instructions. For example, the interface circuit is configured to receive computer executable instructions (which are stored in memory and may be read directly from memory or through another component) and transmit the computer executable instructions to the processor.

[0050] In some possible designs, the communication interface is configured to communicate with an external module of the communication device.

[0051] In some possible designs, the communication device may be a chip system. If the communication device is a chip system, the chip system may include a chip, or it may include a chip and other separate devices.

[0052] According to a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided which includes a logic circuit and an interface circuit. The interface circuit is configured to input information and / or output information. The logic circuit is configured to perform a method according to any one of the preceding aspects and to perform processing based on the input information and / or generate information to be output. The communication device may be a first node in the first aspect, or a device included in the first node, such as a chip. Alternatively, the communication device may be a second node in the second aspect, or a device included in the second node, such as a chip.

[0053] According to the sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instruction, and when the computer program or instruction is executed by a processor, a method according to any one of the preceding aspects is performed.

[0054] According to the seventh aspect, a computer program product is provided. When the computer program product is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of the preceding aspects is performed.

[0055] If the communication device provided in any one of the third to eighth embodiments is a chip, it can be understood that the aforementioned transmission operation / function may be understood as outputting information, and the aforementioned reception operation / function may be understood as inputting information.

[0056] For the technical effects brought about by any of the design methods from the third to the eighth aspect, please refer to the technical effects brought about by the different design methods of the first or second aspect. Details will not be repeated here.

[0057] According to the eighth aspect, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes a first node according to the first aspect and a second node according to the second aspect. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0058] [Figure 1] This is a diagram illustrating an application scenario according to one embodiment of this application. [Figure 2] This figure shows an example of a wireless sensing method according to one embodiment of this application. [Figure 3] This figure shows an example of a wireless sensing method according to one embodiment of this application. [Figure 4] This figure shows an example of a method for acquiring a second sensing signal flow according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5] This figure shows another example of a method for acquiring a second sensing signal flow according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] This is a diagram showing an example of a communication device according to one embodiment of this application. [Figure 7] This is a diagram showing another example of a communication device according to one embodiment of this application. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0059] In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, the letter " / " indicates an "or" relationship between related subjects. For example, A / B may represent A or B. In this application, "and / or" merely describes a relationship between related subjects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: that only A exists, that both A and B exist, and that only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural.

[0060] In addition, in the description of this application, “multiple” means two or more unless otherwise specified. “At least one of the following items (parts)” or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including a single item (part) or any combination of multiple items (parts). For example, at least one of a, b, or c may refer to a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a, b, and c, where a, b, and c may be singular or plural.

[0061] In addition, in order to clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used in the embodiments of this application to distinguish the same or similar items that provide essentially the same function or purpose. Those skilled in the art will understand that terms such as "first" and "second" do not limit the number or order of execution, and that terms such as "first" and "second" do not indicate a clear distinction.

[0062] In embodiments of this application, words such as “example” or “for example” are used to indicate that an example, illustration, or explanation is being given. No embodiment or design described as “example” or “for example” in embodiments of this application should be described as being more preferable or having more advantages than another embodiment or design. More precisely, the use of terms such as “example” or “for example” is intended to present related concepts in a particular way for ease of understanding.

[0063] It should be understood that the term “embodiment” as used herein means that certain characteristics, structures, or features relating to an embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, embodiments throughout the specification are not necessarily the same embodiment. In addition, these particular characteristics, structures, or features may be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that process sequence numbers do not imply execution sequences in the various embodiments of this application. Execution sequences of processes should be determined based on the function and internal logic of the process and should not be construed as any limitation to the implementation forms of processes of the embodiments of this application.

[0064] In this application, "when" and "if" mean that the corresponding process is performed under objective circumstances, and are not intended to impose time constraints, do not require a decision action at the time of implementation, and do not imply any other limitations.

[0065] In some scenarios, it may be understood that some optional features in the embodiments of this application can be implemented independently of other features, such as the solution on which the optional features currently reside, in order to solve the corresponding technical problems and achieve the corresponding effects. Alternatively, in some scenarios, the optional features may be combined with other features on a basis of requirement. Accordingly, the apparatus provided in the embodiments of this application may also implement these features or functions accordingly. Further details are not described herein.

[0066] In this application, unless otherwise specified, the same or similar parts within the embodiments should be referenced to one another. In the embodiments and implementations / methods / implementation methods of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or a logical conflict arises, the terminology and / or descriptions are consistent and may be referenced to one another between the embodiments or between the implementations / methods / implementation methods of the embodiments. The technical characteristics of different embodiments and implementations / methods / implementation methods of the embodiments may be combined based on the internal logical relationships of those technical characteristics to form new embodiments, implementations, methods, or implementation methods. The following implementations of this application are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0067] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the relevant technologies are briefly described below.

[0068] 1. Encryption Specifically, the sender performs randomization on the transmission sequence or signal based on a key agreed upon in advance by the sender and receiver, so that unauthorized users cannot accurately estimate the channel. This protects the privacy of authorized users.

[0069] An example is used for explanation. In secure high-efficiency long training field (secure HE-LTF) technology, the sender and receiver first share a key, and then use the key to generate an encrypted sequence based on the advanced encryption standard (AES) encryption algorithm. Next, the sender modulates the encrypted sequence to generate and transmit a pilot symbol. After receiving the pilot symbol, the receiver performs channel estimation using the locally generated encrypted sequence to obtain actual channel state information. Note that the local encrypted sequence is generated based on the AES encryption algorithm using a key pre-agreed by the sender and receiver.

[0070] In this example, an unauthorized user cannot perform accurate channel estimation because they do not know the encrypted sequence.

[0071] However, encryption technology significantly impacts the sensing accuracy of authorized users. For example, secureHE-LTF technology uses higher-order modulation to increase the difficulty of cracking by unauthorized users. This degrades channel estimation performance and affects sensing accuracy.

[0072] Furthermore, if two receiving antennas are configured for an unauthorized user, the signals on the two receiving antennas may be split, potentially canceling the encrypted pilot symbol. The sensing algorithm may then be executed based on the result of the split, and as a result, the sensing function may still be performed. Therefore, privacy protection may not be implemented.

[0073] 2. Jamming devices Specifically, a dedicated jamming device is used to transmit a jamming signal, reducing the signal-to-interference noise ratio for unauthorized users and lowering the channel estimation accuracy for unauthorized users.

[0074] However, jamming devices significantly impact the sensing accuracy of authorized users.

[0075] Furthermore, the introduced jamming signal may only reduce the signal-to-noise ratio for unauthorized users, thereby degrading their sensing capabilities to a certain extent. However, unauthorized users can still infer information about the detected object from the received signal. As a result, privacy protection may not be achieved.

[0076] 3. Signal Processing Specifically, in a signal processing method, the equivalent channel response experienced by a transmitted signal is a version obtained after the actual channel response has been rendered unrecognizable, and the unrecognizable scheme (or algorithm) is shared only between authorized users on the transmitting and receiving sides. Unauthorized users do not know the unrecognizable scheme, and therefore cannot estimate the actual channel response.

[0077] For example, in this processing method, a CSI dediscrimination module may be added after the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation module on the transmitting side. For example, the CSI dediscrimination module may be a finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The time-domain signal acquired by OFDM modulation is first processed by the CSI dediscrimination module and then transmitted. The CSI acquired by channel estimation on the receiving side is actually the result of cascading the artificial CSI introduced by the CSI dediscrimination module with the actual CSI of the channel. Since authorized users are aware of the dediscrimination mode (i.e., the specific implementation form of the CSI dediscrimination module), authorized users can reconstruct the actual CSI of the channel from the dediscriminated CSI. However, since unauthorized users are unaware of the dediscrimination mode, unauthorized users cannot reconstruct the actual CSI.

[0078] In another example, devices such as intelligent reflectors and relays may be deployed in the environment. The reflection of received signals by these devices is equivalent to introducing artificial multipath components. As a result, the CSI measured by the receiver will not match the actual CSI. Since the receiver is aware of how the artificial multipath is introduced, it can reconstruct the actual CSI of the channel. However, an unauthorized user, not knowing how the artificial multipath is introduced, cannot reconstruct the actual CSI.

[0079] However, signal processing solutions require additional hardware or processing units, making them complex to implement.

[0080] Due to the shortcomings of the aforementioned wireless sensing privacy protection technologies, embodiments of this application provide wireless sensing methods and apparatus. A detailed description is provided below.

[0081] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an application scenario according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, one embodiment of the present application provides a communication system. The communication system includes a first node and a second node. The first node and the second node communicate with each other to perform wireless sensing.

[0082] For example, this embodiment of the present application may be used in a number of wireless sensing scenarios, such as physiological characteristic monitoring applications including respiration and heart rate detection, smart home monitoring applications including presence detection, life and health characteristic monitoring applications including fall detection, security monitoring applications including intrusion detection, or applications related to environmental reconnaissance. This is not specifically limited to the embodiments of the present application.

[0083] For example, the first or second node in this embodiment of the present application may be a device capable of receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals, such as a base station, AP, or user terminal.

[0084] For example, the first node in this embodiment of the present application may be referred to as a transmitting node, and the second node in this embodiment of the present application may be referred to as a receiving node. This is not specifically limited to the embodiments of the present application.

[0085] When the first or second node is used as the transmitting node, in possible implementations the transmitting node may include a processor and a transceiver. The processor is configured to process signals and output the processed signals, and the transceiver is configured to transmit the processed signals processed by the processor. In another possible implementation, the transmitting node includes a processor configured to output signals. The transmitting node is coupled to or connected to an external transceiver and configured to transmit the processed signals.

[0086] For example, the transmitting node in this embodiment of the present application may include one or more transmitters, each transmitter may be equipped with one or more antennas, and the transmitting node may transmit multiple signals together via one or more antennas of one or more transmitters.

[0087] For example, the receiving node in this embodiment of the present application may include one or more receivers, each of which may be equipped with one or more antennas. The receiving node may receive multiple signals together through one or more antennas of one or more receivers, or it may receive one signal through one antenna of one or more receivers.

[0088] In this embodiment of the present application, it should be noted that one signal may include multiple signal flows, and one signal flow is a signal that can carry one channel of independent information.

[0089] The transmitting node and receiving node in this application may be various terminal devices. The terminal may be user equipment (UE), access terminal, terminal unit, user station, terminal station, mobile station, mobile console, remote station, remote terminal, terminal equipment (TE), mobile device, wireless communication device, terminal agent, tablet computer (pad), handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device, another processing device connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle device, in-vehicle transceiver unit, wearable device, or terminal equipment of a 5th generation (5G) mobile communication technology network or public land mobile network (PLMN) that has evolved after 5G. Access terminals may include mobile phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices, other processing devices connected to wireless modems, in-vehicle devices, unmanned aerial vehicles, robots, smart point of sale (POS) machines, customer-premises equipment (CPE), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) terminal devices, augmented reality (AR) terminal devices, industrial control wireless terminals, self-driving wireless terminals, remote medical wireless terminals, smart grid wireless terminals, transportation safety wireless terminals, smart city wireless terminals, smart home wireless terminals, and the like.Alternatively, the terminal may be a terminal with communication capabilities in the Internet of Things (IoT), such as a V2X terminal (e.g., an internet device in a vehicle), a D2D communication terminal, or a M2M communication terminal. The terminal may be mobile or fixed.

[0090] The transmitter and receiver in this application may, alternatively, be various types of network devices or access devices in a communication system, that is, devices configured to communicate with terminal devices, for example, evolved NodeBs (NodeB or eNB or e-NodeB, evolved NodeB) in long-term evolution (LTE) systems or LTE-advanced (LTE-A) systems, for example, conventional macro base station eNBs and micro base station eNBs in heterogeneous network scenarios, or may include next-generation NodeBs (gNBs) in new radio (NR) systems, or may include transmission reception points (TRPs), home base stations (e.g., home evolved NodeBs or home NodeBs, HNBs), baseband units (BBUs), baseband pools (BBU pools), wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) access points (APs), etc., or non-terrestrial networks. The network (NTN) may include base stations, i.e., they may be deployed on aircraft platforms or satellites. In NTN, network devices or access devices may be used as Layer 1 (L1) relays, as base stations, or as integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes. Alternatively, network devices or access devices may be located within the IoT and implement base station functionality, for example, in unmanned aerial vehicle communications, V2X, D2D, or machine-to-machine (M2M) systems and implement base station functionality.

[0091] In some possible scenarios, the network device or access device may, alternatively, be a module or unit capable of implementing some of the base station's functions. For example, the network device or access device may be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU). The CU and DU may be located separately or may be included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or radio frequency unit, such as a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH).

[0092] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, a network device or access device may be a network device or a module of a network device in an open radio access network (open RAN, ORAN) system. In an ORAN system, CU may be referred to as open (O)-CU, DU as O-DU, CU-CP as O-CU-CP, CU-UP as O-CU-UP, and RU as O-RU. Any one of CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.

[0093] Optionally, the base stations in the embodiments of this application may include various types of base stations, such as macro base stations, micro base stations (or small cells), relay stations, access points, home base stations, TRPs, transmission points (TPs), or mobile switching centers. This is not specifically limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0094] The wireless sensing method provided in this application is implemented using program code in memory. The wireless sensing method on the base station side or AP side is performed in the processing chip of the base station or AP, any device having communication, computing, and memory functions, or any processing device mounted on the base station side or AP side. The wireless sensing method on the terminal side (e.g., mobile phone, tablet, intelligent terminal, or intelligent tag) is performed in the built-in processing chip of the terminal, or any device having communication, computing, and memory functions.

[0095] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless sensing method according to one embodiment of the present application. The execution entity includes a first node and a second node.

[0096] It should be understood that the first node in this embodiment of the present application includes multiple antennas and the first node may transmit multiple sensing signal flows.

[0097] The second node in this embodiment of the present application may include a single antenna or may include multiple antennas. The second node may receive signals via a single antenna or via multiple antennas. This is not limited to the embodiments of the present application.

[0098] As shown in Figure 2, in the wireless sensing method provided in this embodiment of the present application, the first node transmits a signal to the second node in at least two time units, and the second node receives the signal transmitted by the first node in at least two time units.

[0099] The steps performed on the first node side in the wireless sensing method mainly include the following steps: (1) Generate at least two sensing signal flows. (2) Output at least two sensing signal flows for each of the multiple time units.

[0100] The steps performed on the second node side in the wireless sensing method mainly include the following steps: (1) Receive at least two sensing signal flows in each of multiple time units. (2) Process at least two sensing signal flows received in multiple time units to determine the wireless sensing result.

[0101] In this embodiment of the present application, the first node includes multiple antennas. The present application is not limited to cases where the first node includes a single antenna in order to implement the solution provided herein.

[0102] In the embodiments of this application, the time unit may be a slot, or any time unit to be specified in the future and used for signal transmission. This is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0103] In this embodiment of the present application, determining the wireless sensing result may involve obtaining channel quality parameters (e.g., CSI or CIR) and determining the wireless sensing result based on the channel quality parameters, or determining the wireless sensing result in any other manner. This is not limited to the present application.

[0104] For example, as shown in Figure 3, the wireless sensing method according to this embodiment of the present application includes the following steps.

[0105] S310: The first node generates at least two sensing signal flows.

[0106] At least two sensing signal flows include a first sensing signal flow and a second sensing signal flow, where the first sensing signal flow is a random signal flow and the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function.

[0107] Optionally, at least two sensing signal flows in this embodiment of the present application may be transmitted together to a second node via a plurality of antennas included in the first node. For example, each of the plurality of antennas transmits one sensing signal flow, and the first and second sensing signal flows are from different antennas of the first node.

[0108] For example, in this embodiment of the present application, the first sensing signal flow may be a signal flow whose modulus remains constant but whose phase changes over time. This ensures sensing accuracy while protecting the privacy of authorized users. For example, since the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant and its phase changes over time, the channel intensity may remain constant, and channel estimation performance may be better. In addition, wireless sensing results are usually determined based on channel estimation results, and more accurate wireless sensing results can be obtained based on better channel estimation results. Thus, sensing accuracy can be ensured while protecting the privacy of authorized users.

[0109] In possible implementations, the first sensing signal flow may be a random scalar with a modulus of any positive number and a phase evenly distributed from 0 to 2π. The first and second sensing signal flows are more flexible, and as a result, the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant, while its phase changes over time. In the case of a constant modulus, the channel intensity remains constant, and the channel estimation performance is good, which can improve sensing accuracy and protect the privacy of authorized users.

[0110] In another possible implementation, the first sensing signal flow may be a single point within a modulation constellation set. In this implementation, the first sensing signal flow is selected from a finite set, resulting in lower implementation complexity. Optionally, the modulation constellation set may be a constant modulus modulation constellation set, for example, a phase-shift keying (PSK) constellation set, e.g., 8PSK, 16PSK, or 64PSK. When constant modulus modulation is performed on points within the modulation constellation set, increasing the modulation order does not affect sensing accuracy. In this case, increasing the modulation order of the modulation constellation set may increase the "key space," making it difficult for unauthorized users to obtain sensing information and thus protecting user privacy. Alternatively, the modulation constellation set may be a quadrature amplitude (QAM) constellation set, e.g., 16QAM or 64QAM. This is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0111] Optionally, in this embodiment of the present application, the second sensing signal flow is the first sensing signal flow and the low-pass function θ k (t) may be determined based on the low-pass function θ. k(t) may change over time and is therefore sometimes called a time-varying function or a function that changes slowly over time. This is not specifically limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0112] For example, the phase of the second sensing signal flow is the low-pass function θ in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow. k Based on the sampling value of (t), the modulus of the second sensing signal flow is determined to be equal to the modulus of the first sensing signal flow. In one embodiment, the low-pass characteristics of the low-pass function prevent unauthorized users from determining the wireless sensing results through low-pass filtering, thereby protecting user privacy. In another embodiment, the modulus of the first sensing signal flow and the modulus of the second sensing signal flow are equal, thereby guaranteeing sensing accuracy. For example, the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains unchanged, while the phase changes with time units, so the channel intensity may remain constant, and channel estimation performance may be better. In addition, wireless sensing results are usually determined based on channel estimation results, and more accurate wireless sensing results can be obtained based on better channel estimation results. Thus, sensing accuracy can be guaranteed.

[0113] The low-pass characteristics of a low-pass function may be that the threshold value of the low-pass function is smaller than a first threshold value. This is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0114] In possible implementations, the first sensing signal flow and the second sensing signal flow in this embodiment of the present application have the following relationship

number

[0115] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, X2[k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, and ρ represents the sampling value of the low-pass function θ k (t) at the time unit for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and k is a positive integer. The above relationship can be used to obtain the second sensing signal flow when the first sensing signal flow is determined.

[0116] In another possible implementation, the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier is the

Number

Number

Number

[0117] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, and ρ represents the sampling value of the low-pass function θ k (t) at the time unit for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and k is a positive integer. The above relationship can be used to obtain the second sensing signal flow when the first sensing signal flow is determined.

[0118] Optionally, in this embodiment of the present application, the fact that the second sensing signal flow can be determined based on the first sensing signal flow and the low-pass function θ k (t) means that the second sensing signal flow is the first sensing signal flow, the low-pass function θ k(t) and the determination is based on the cyclic shift diversity (CSD) matrix K. A second sensing signal flow may be obtained when the first sensing signal flow is determined.

[0119] For example, the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, the randomization matrix φ and K, where φ is a matrix whose main diagonal elements are 1 and e jρ It can be a diagonal matrix where ρ is a low-pass function θ in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow. k The sampling values ​​for (t) are shown, where k is a positive integer.

[0120] For example, a diagonal matrix is ​​in the following form:

number

[0121] In another example, the diagonal matrix is ​​of the following form

number

[0122] 1 and e jρ It should be noted that the form of the diagonal matrix including is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0123] If the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, randomization matrix φ and K, then in possible implementations, the second sensing signal flow in this embodiment of the present application has the following relationship

number

[0124] Figure 4 shows an example of a method for acquiring a second sensing signal flow via a CSD matrix transformation according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, a vector formed by two replicas of the first signal flow is used to acquire two signal flows to be transmitted.

number

number

[0125] For example, a vector formed by two replicas of the first signal flow.

number

[0126] Optionally, two signal flows to be transmitted are generated to create a first sensing signal flow and a second sensing signal flow.

number

[0127] The second sensing signal flow may be obtained by adding a φ module before an existing CSD module, which reduces the complexity of implementation.

[0128] If the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, randomization matrix φ and K, then in another possible implementation, the second sensing signal flow in this embodiment of the present application has the following relationship

number

[0129] Figure 5 shows another example of a method for acquiring a second sensing signal flow via a CSD matrix transformation according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 5,

[0130] To obtain two signal flows to be transmitted, a vector is formed by two replicas of the first signal flow.

number

number

[0131] For example, a vector formed by two replicas of the first signal flow.

number

number

[0132] The second sensing signal flow may be obtained by adding the φ module after the existing CSD module, which reduces the complexity of implementation.

[0133] S320: The first node outputs at least two sensing signal flows in each of several time units, and correspondingly, the second node receives at least two sensing signal flows from the first node in each time unit.

[0134] It should be understood that at least two sensing signal flows received by the second node from the first node are signals acquired by transmitting at least two sensing signal flows output by the first node through the channel.

[0135] For the sake of differentiation and explanation, we assume that at least two sensing signal flows output by the first node are the first sensing signal flow and the second sensing signal flow, and that at least two sensing signal flows received from the first node by the second node are the third sensing signal flow and the fourth sensing signal flow.

[0136] It should be understood that the third sensing signal flow is the signal acquired by transmitting the first sensing signal flow through the channel, and the fourth sensing signal flow is the signal acquired by transmitting the second sensing signal flow through the channel.

[0137] The third and fourth sensing signal flows are not the sensing signal flows actually received on the antenna included in the second node. Instead, the antenna processes the received signals, which may be equivalent to receiving the third and fourth sensing signal flows. The processing performed by the antenna in the second node is not specifically described in this embodiment of the present application.

[0138] In possible implementations, the first and second sensing signal flows transmitted by the first node in different time units are different. In the same time unit, the first and second sensing signal flows satisfy the aforementioned relationship. However, the first and second sensing signal flows corresponding to the first time unit are different from the first and second sensing signal flows corresponding to the second time unit. For example, if the first sensing signal flow output by the first node in the first time unit is X 11 [k] is such that the second sensing signal flow output by the first node in the first time unit is X 12 [k] is such that the first sensing signal flow output by the first node in the second time unit is X 21 [k] is such that the second sensing signal flow output by the first node in the second time unit is X 22 Assume that [k] is the case.

[0139] S330: The second node processes at least two sensing signal flows received over multiple time intervals to determine the wireless sensing result.

[0140] For example, a second node receives two sensing signal flows in a first and second time unit, determines channel quality parameters (e.g., CSI or CIR), and determines the wireless sensing result based on the channel quality parameters.

[0141] For example, the signal received by the second node is of the following form: Y1[k]=X 11 [k]H1[k]+X 12 [k]H2[k]+W1[k] and Y2[k]=X 21 [k]H1[k]+X 22 [k]H2[k]+W2[k] is possible.

[0142] Here, Y1[k] represents the signal received by the second node in the first time unit, Y2[k] represents the signal received by the second node in the second time unit, H1[k] represents the frequency-domain channel coefficient from the first transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna on the k-th subcarrier, H2[k] represents the frequency-domain channel coefficient from the second transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna on the k-th subcarrier, and W1[k] and W2[k] are receiver thermal noise.

[0143] Furthermore, the second node estimates the channel state information CSI based on the set of equations described above.

[0144] Furthermore, the second node determines the wireless sensing results based on the CSI.

[0145] In this embodiment of the present application, an example is used for illustrative purposes in which an unauthorized user includes two antennas. Of course, the unauthorized user may include three or more antennas as an alternative. This is not limited to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the unauthorized user may receive signals in any time unit. Any time unit may include the first time unit or the second time unit, or it may be a time unit other than the time unit for transmitting the first sensing signal flow and the second sensing signal flow. e1 =X 11 H t1e1 +X 12 H t2e1 and R e2 =X 11 H t1e2 +X 12 H t2e2 That is the case.

[0146] Here, R e1 This indicates the signal received by the first antenna of an unauthorized user, R e2 This indicates a signal received by the second antenna of an unauthorized user, H t1e1 This shows the frequency domain channel coefficient from the first antenna of the first node to the first antenna of the unauthorized user, H t2e1This shows the frequency domain channel coefficient from the second antenna of the first node to the first antenna of the unauthorized user, H t1e2 This shows the frequency domain channel coefficient from the first antenna of the first node to the second antenna of the unauthorized user, H t2e2 This shows the frequency domain channel coefficients from the second antenna of the first node to the second antenna of the unauthorized user.

[0147] Please note that subcarrier sequence numbers are omitted here, and the effects of noise are ignored.

[0148] X 11 and X 12 Both are unknown to unauthorized users. Therefore, unauthorized users cannot see the signal R received on the two antennas. e1 , R e2 It is not possible to determine the wireless sensing results based on this.

[0149] Below, the low-pass function θ k Analyze the design rationale for (t).

[0150] Unauthorized users may obtain wireless sensing results by processing signals received on two antennas together.

[0151]

number

number

[0152] Therefore, the following relationship

number

[0153] In real systems, a1, θ1, a2, and θ2 are environment-dependent, and their fluctuations are small and uncontrollable. In most scenarios, channel fluctuations caused by detected objects progress slowly. Therefore, to prevent unauthorized users from correctly inferring equivalent channel fluctuation patterns to perform sensing functions, θ k (t) needs to be designed as a slowly fluctuating function with low-pass characteristics (if it changes quickly, an unauthorized user may remove the effect of the function by low-pass filtering). In other words, θ k The variation pattern of (t) is used to mask the true variation pattern of the channel.

[0154] In some embodiments, the low-pass function θ in the embodiments of this application k The sampling value ρ for (t) may be a random number uniformly distributed between 0 and 2π.

[0155] For example, the low-pass function θ k A concrete example of an algorithm for generating (t) is provided.

[0156] The algorithm in this embodiment of the present application is a low-pass function θ k (t) is merely a concrete example of the low-pass function θ k It should be understood that the algorithm for generating (t) is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0157] The algorithm may include the following steps:

[0158] Step 1: Low-pass function θ for any subcarrier k k Define (t). Assume that the entire sensing process consists of S rounds, S is greater than or equal to 1, and each round lasts for a duration of T, where T is greater than 0. Thus, the total duration of the sensing process is ST, and ST is θ k It can function as the duration of (t).

[0159] For example, one round is the time it takes for the first node to send a sensing signal flow to the second node and for the second node to receive the sensing signal flow.

[0160] Step 2: For any subcarrier k, randomly generate M uniformly distributed random numbers in the range of 0 to 2π, where the time interval corresponding to adjacent random numbers is ST / M. In this way, the M generated random numbers are θ at the moment of 0, ST / M, ..., and (M-1)*ST / M. k This is the sample value of (t).

[0161] Step 3: θ k To obtain (t), interpolation is performed on the sampled values ​​using a segmented interpolation method (e.g., the cubic Hermitian interpolation algorithm).

[0162] θ k If (t) > 2π, then θ k Let (t) = 2π. k If (t) < 0, then θ k Let (t) = 0.

[0163] Step 4: Sample group θ k To obtain (nT), θ at intervals of T k Sampling is performed on (t), and n=0, 1, ..., S-1.

[0164] The θ used in the nth sensing round is θ k It is equal to (nT).

[0165] From the example above, it can be seen that the low-pass function may be determined by a group of random numbers and an interpolation function, and that the group of random numbers is shared confidentially between the first and second nodes.

[0166] Optionally, the first node may generate a group of random numbers, encrypt them, and then send the group to the second node. Alternatively, the second node may generate a group of random numbers, encrypt them, and then send the group to the first node. Alternatively, the first and second nodes may generate a group of random numbers based on a pre-agreed random seed and random number generation algorithm. Alternatively, a third-party node may send the encrypted group of random numbers to the first and second nodes.

[0167] For example, an interpolation function is a public function.

[0168] The aforementioned algorithm uses the low-pass function θ. k (t) is merely a specific algorithm, θ k It should be noted that (t) may be determined using a different algorithm as an alternative.

[0169] In possible implementations, a first time unit is used to output the first sensing signal flow and the second sensing signal flow, θ k (t) is related θ1 k (t) may be satisfied, and θ is used in a second time unit for outputting the first sensing signal flow and the second sensing signal flow. k (t) is related to θ² k (t) may also be satisfied. That is, the low-pass function satisfies different rules in the first time unit and the second time unit, and there are two different low-pass functions.

[0170] In another possible implementation, the low-pass function satisfies the same rules and is the same low-pass function for the first and second time units for outputting the first and second sensing signal flows, respectively.

[0171] In this embodiment of the present application, the first node may output at least two sensing signal flows in each of a plurality of time units. The first sensing signal flow is a random signal flow, and the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function. In this way, the second node can determine the wireless sensing result based on the received signal. In one embodiment, due to the low-pass characteristics of the low-pass function, an unauthorized user cannot determine the wireless sensing result. This protects the privacy of an authorized user. In another embodiment of the present application, only the group of random numbers used to determine the low-pass function needs to be shared between the first and second nodes, and as a result, an authorized user can determine the wireless sensing result based on the signal received by the second node. Thus, the complexity of implementation is low. In conclusion, in this embodiment of the present application, sensing can be guaranteed while maintaining low complexity of implementation and effectively protecting the privacy of an authorized user.

[0172] In the embodiments described above, it can be understood that the methods and / or steps performed by the first node may be performed by components that can be used in the first node (e.g., a processor, chip, chip system, circuit, logic module, or software such as a chip or circuit). The methods and / or steps performed by the second node may, as an alternative, be performed by components that can be used in the second node (e.g., a processor, chip, chip system, circuit, logic module, or software such as a chip or circuit).

[0173] The above primarily describes the solution provided in this application from the perspective of communication between devices. Correspondingly, this application further provides a communication device configured to carry out the method described above. The communication device may be the first node, a device including the first node, or a component that may be used in the first node, for example, a chip for the first node. Alternatively, the communication device may be the second node, a device including the second node, or a component that may be used in the second node, for example, a chip for the second node.

[0174] To implement the functions described herein, it may be understood that the communication device includes hardware structures and / or software modules for performing the corresponding functions. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize, in combination with the example units and algorithmic steps described in the embodiments disclosed herein, that this application may be implemented by hardware or by a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or by hardware driven by computer software depends on the specific application and the design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functions in various ways for specific applications, but such implementations should not be considered to exceed the scope of this application.

[0175] In embodiments of this application, a communication device may be divided into functional modules based on embodiments of the methods described above. For example, each functional module may be obtained by division based on corresponding functions, and two or more functions may be integrated into a single processing module. The integrated module may be implemented in hardware form or in the form of a software functional module. Note that in embodiments of this application, the module division is illustrative and merely a logical division of functions. In actual implementation, other division methods may be used.

[0176] Figure 6 shows an example of a communication device according to one embodiment of the present application. The communication device 600 includes a communication module 610 and a processing module 620. Optionally, the communication device further includes a storage module 630. The communication module 610 may communicate with the outside world, and the processing module 620 is configured to process data. The communication module 610 may be referred to as a communication interface or communication unit instead.

[0177] Optionally, the communication device 600 may further include a storage module, which may be configured to store instructions and / or data, and the processing module 620 may read instructions and / or data from the storage module.

[0178] In some embodiments, the communication module 610 is configured to implement output and / or input functions, and the communication module 610 may include a communication interface. Optionally, the communication module 610 may be a transceiver module (or referred to as a communication unit) configured to implement transmit and / or receive functions. In this case, the communication module 610 may be an input / output interface, a transceiver circuit, a transceiver, or a transceiver machine.

[0179] In some embodiments, the communication module 610 may include an output module (or receiving module) and an input module (or transmitting module), which are configured to perform output (or receiving) steps and input (or transmitting) steps performed by the first or second node in the embodiments of the method described herein, and / or to support another process of the technology described herein. The processing module 620 may be configured to perform processing (e.g., decision and generation) steps performed by the first or second node in the embodiments of the method described herein, and / or to support another process of the technology described herein.

[0180] For example, the communication device may be the first node in the embodiment of the method described above, a device including the first node, or a component that can be used in the first node. The processing module 620 is configured to generate at least two sensing signal flows. The at least two sensing signal flows include a first sensing signal flow and a second sensing signal flow, the first sensing signal flow being a random signal flow, and the second sensing signal flow being determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function. The communication module 610 is configured to output a plurality of sensing signal flows in each of a plurality of time units.

[0181] For example, the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant, while its phase changes over time. In the case of a constant modulus, the channel intensity remains constant, and the channel estimation performance is good, which can improve sensing accuracy.

[0182] In possible implementations, the first sensing signal flow may be a random scalar with a modulus of any positive number and a phase evenly distributed from 0 to 2π. The first and second sensing signal flows are flexible, so that the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant, while its phase changes over time. In the case of a constant modulus, the channel intensity remains constant, and the channel estimation performance is good, which can improve sensing accuracy and protect the privacy of authorized users.

[0183] In another possible implementation, the first sensing signal flow may be a single point within a modulation constellation set. In this implementation, the first sensing signal flow is selected from a finite set, resulting in lower implementation complexity. Optionally, the modulation constellation set may be a constant modulus modulation constellation set, for example, a PSK constellation set, e.g., 8PSK, 16PSK, or 64PSK. When constant modulus modulation is performed on points within the modulation constellation set, increasing the modulation order does not affect sensing accuracy. In this case, increasing the modulation order of the modulation constellation set may increase the "keyspace," making it difficult for unauthorized users to obtain sensing information and thus protecting user privacy. Alternatively, the modulation constellation set may be a QAM constellation set, e.g., 16QAM or 64QAM. This is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0184] Optionally, in this embodiment of the present application, the second sensing signal flow is the first sensing signal flow and the low-pass function θ k (t) may be determined based on the low-pass function θ. k (t) may also be called a time variation function, that is, a time variation function that changes slowly over time. This is not specifically limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0185] For example, the phase of the second sensing signal flow is the low-pass function θ in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow. k Based on the sampling value of (t), the modulus of the second sensing signal flow is equal to the modulus of the first sensing signal flow.

[0186] In possible implementations, the first sensing signal flow and the second sensing signal flow in this embodiment of the present application have the following relationship

number

[0187] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, X2[k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, and ρ is the low-pass function θ in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow. k The sampling values ​​for (t) are shown, where k is a positive integer.

[0188] In another possible implementation, the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier is within the modulation constellation set.

number

number

number

[0189] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, and ρ is the low-pass function θ in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow. k The sampling values ​​for (t) are shown, where k is a positive integer.

[0190] Optionally, in this embodiment of the present application, the second sensing signal flow is the first sensing signal flow and the low-pass function θ k Based on (t), it can be determined that the second sensing signal flow is the first sensing signal flow, and the low-pass function θ k (t), and the determination based on the CSD matrix K.

[0191] For example, the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, φ and K, where φ is a principal diagonal element with 1 and ejρ It can be a diagonal matrix where ρ is a low-pass function θ in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow. k The sampling values ​​for (t) are shown, where k is a positive integer.

[0192] For example, the communication device may be the second node in the embodiment of the method described above, a device including the second node, or a component that may be used in the second node. The communication module 610 is configured to receive at least two sensing signal flows in each of a plurality of time units. The at least two sensing signal flows include the signal of a first sensing signal flow after channel transmission and the signal of a second sensing signal flow after channel transmission, the first sensing signal flow being a random signal flow, and the second sensing signal flow being determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function. The processing module 620 is configured to process the at least two sensing signal flows received in the plurality of time units to determine the wireless sensing result.

[0193] For example, the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant, while its phase changes over time. In the case of a constant modulus, the channel intensity remains constant, and the channel estimation performance is good, which can improve sensing accuracy.

[0194] In possible implementations, the first sensing signal flow may be a random scalar with a modulus of any positive number and a phase evenly distributed from 0 to 2π. The first and second sensing signal flows are flexible, so that the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains constant, while its phase changes over time. In the case of a constant modulus, the channel intensity remains constant, and the channel estimation performance is good, which can improve sensing accuracy and protect the privacy of authorized users.

[0195] In another possible implementation, the first sensing signal flow may be a single point within a modulation constellation set. In this implementation, the first sensing signal flow is selected from a finite set, resulting in lower implementation complexity. Optionally, the modulation constellation set may be a constant modulus modulation constellation set, for example, a PSK constellation set, e.g., 8PSK, 16PSK, or 64PSK. When constant modulus modulation is performed on points within the modulation constellation set, increasing the modulation order does not affect sensing accuracy. In this case, increasing the modulation order of the modulation constellation set may increase the "keyspace," making it difficult for unauthorized users to obtain sensing information and thus protecting user privacy. Alternatively, the modulation constellation set may be a QAM constellation set, e.g., 16QAM or 64QAM. This is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0196] Optionally, in this embodiment of the present application, the second sensing signal flow is the first sensing signal flow and the low-pass function θ k (t) may be determined based on the low-pass function θ. k (t) may also be called a time variation function, that is, a time variation function that changes slowly over time. This is not specifically limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0197] For example, the phase of the second sensing signal flow is the low-pass function θ in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow. k Based on the sampling value of (t), the modulus of the second sensing signal flow is equal to the modulus of the first sensing signal flow.

[0198] In possible implementations, the first sensing signal flow and the second sensing signal flow in this embodiment of the present application have the following relationship

number

[0199] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, X2[k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, ρ is the sampling value of the low-pass function θ k (t) in the time unit for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and k is a positive integer.

[0200] In another possible implementation, the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier is within the modulation constellation set

Number

Number

Number

[0201] Here, X1[k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, ρ is the sampling value of the low-pass function θ k (t) in the time unit for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and k is a positive integer.

[0202] Optionally, in this embodiment of the present application, the fact that the second sensing signal flow can be determined based on the first sensing signal flow and the low-pass function θ k (t) means that the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, the low-pass function θ k (t), and the CSD matrix K.

[0203] For example, the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, φ and K. Here, φ has main diagonal elements of 1 and ejρ It can be a diagonal matrix where ρ is a low-pass function θ in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow. k The sampling values ​​for (t) are shown, where k is a positive integer.

[0204] In this application, the communication device 600 is presented in the form of a functional module obtained by division in an integrated manner. The “module” as used herein may be an ASIC, a circuit, a processor running one or more software or firmware programs, memory, an integrated logic circuit, and / or other components capable of providing the aforementioned functions.

[0205] In some embodiments, with respect to hardware implementation, those skilled in the art will understand that the communication device 700 may take the form of the communication device 630 shown in Figure 6.

[0206] In some embodiments, in this embodiment of the present application, if the communication device 600 may be a chip or chip system of a first node or a second node, the communication module 610 may be an interface circuit, pins, etc. Specifically, the interface circuit may include an input circuit and an output circuit, and the processing module 620 may include a processing circuit.

[0207] In some embodiments, in this embodiment of the present application, if the communication device 600 is a chip or chip system at a first or second node, the functionality / implementation process of the communication module 610 may be implemented via an input / output interface (or communication interface) of the chip or chip system, and the functionality / implementation process of the processing module 620 may be implemented via a processor (or processing circuit) of the chip or chip system.

[0208] The communication device 600 presented in this embodiment can perform the wireless sensing method described above. Therefore, for the technical effects that can be achieved by the communication device, please refer to the embodiments of the method described above. Details will not be repeated here.

[0209] In possible product configurations, the first or second node in the embodiments of this application may be implemented by using, instead, one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), controllers, state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware components, any other suitable circuitry, or any combination of circuits capable of performing the various functions described herein.

[0210] In other possible product configurations, the first or second node in the embodiments of this application may be implemented by using a common bus architecture. For ease of explanation, Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a communication device 700 according to one embodiment of this application. The communication device 700 includes a processor 701 and one or more transceivers 702 (in Figure 7, one transceiver is used as an example for illustrative purposes). Figure 7 shows only the main components of the communication device 700. In addition to the processor 701 and transceivers 702, the communication device may further include a memory 703.

[0211] Optionally, the processor 701 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more integrated circuits configured to control program execution in the solution of this application, or a processing core configured to process data (e.g., computer program instructions). The processor may be a single-core (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor.

[0212] In a specific implementation, in one embodiment, the processor 701 may include one or more CPUs.

[0213] Optionally, the processor 701, transceiver 702, and memory 703 may be connected via a communication bus. The communication bus may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus, an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, or the like. Buses can be classified into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of representation, only one thick line is used in the representation in Figure 7, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus. The communication bus is configured to connect different components within the communication device 700, so that the different components within the communication device 700 can communicate and interact with each other.

[0214] Optionally, the transceiver 702, also called the communication interface, may be a transceiver module configured to communicate with another device or another communication network. The communication network may be, for example, Ethernet, RAN, or WLAN. For example, the transceiver 702 may be a device such as a transceiver machine. Alternatively, the transceiver 702 may be a transceiver circuit within the processor 301 to perform signal input and signal output for the processor.

[0215] Optionally, memory 703 may be a device having storage capabilities, for example, a read-only memory (ROM) or another type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, or a random access memory (RAM) or another type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or another optical disc storage device, such as a compact optical disc, laser disc, optical disc, digital multipurpose disc, or Blu-ray disc, or a magnetic disc storage medium or another magnetic storage device, or any other medium that may be configured to carry or store expected program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Memory may exist independently and be connected to processor 701 via a communication bus. Alternatively, memory may be integrated with the processor.

[0216] Although not shown, in one embodiment, the communication device 700 may further include an output device and an input device. The output device may communicate with the processor 701 and display information in multiple ways. For example, the output device may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, or a projector. The input device may communicate with the processor 701 and receive user input in multiple ways. For example, the input device may be a mouse, a keyboard, a touchscreen device, or a sensor device.

[0217] Optionally, the processor 701 is primarily configured to process communication protocols and data, control the entire communication device 700, execute software programs, and process data for the software programs. The memory 703 is primarily configured to store software programs and data. The transceiver 702 may include a radio frequency circuit and an antenna. The radio frequency circuit is primarily configured to perform conversions between baseband signals and radio frequency signals and to process radio frequency signals. The antenna is primarily configured to receive and transmit radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves.

[0218] In one implementation form, after the communication device 700 is powered on, the processor 701 reads out the software program in the memory 703, interprets and executes the instructions of the software program, and can process the data of the software program. When data needs to be sent wirelessly, the processor 701 performs baseband processing on the data to be sent, and then outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency circuit. The radio frequency circuit performs radio frequency processing on the baseband signal, and then transmits the radio frequency signal in the form of electromagnetic waves via the antenna. When data is transmitted to the communication device 700, the radio frequency circuit receives the radio frequency signal via the antenna, converts the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor 701. The processor 701 converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data.

[0219] In other implementation forms, the radio frequency circuit and the antenna may be arranged independently of the processor that performs baseband processing. For example, in a distributed scenario, the radio frequency circuit and the antenna may be arranged remotely independently of the communication device 700.

[0220] In one example, the function / implementation process of the processing module 620 in FIG. 6 can be implemented by the processor 701 in the communication device 700 shown in FIG. 7 by calling the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 703. The function / implementation process of the communication module 610 in FIG. 6 can be implemented by the transceiver 702 of the communication device 700 shown in FIG. 7.

[0221] In some embodiments, one embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device. The communication device includes a processor configured to implement the method in any one of the foregoing method embodiments. The communication device may be the first node or the second node in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0222] In one possible implementation, the communication device further includes memory. The memory is configured to store the necessary computer programs and data. The computer programs may include instructions. The processor may call instructions in the computer programs stored in memory to instruct the communication device to perform the method in any one of the embodiments of the method described above. Of course, the communication device does not have to include memory.

[0223] In another possible implementation, the communication device further includes an interface circuit. The interface circuit is a code / data read / write circuit and is configured to receive computer executable instructions (which are stored in memory and may be read directly from memory or through another component) and to transmit the computer executable instructions to the processor.

[0224] In yet another possible implementation, the communication device further includes a communication interface, which is configured to communicate with modules other than the communication device.

[0225] It can be understood that a communication device may be a chip or a chip system. When a communication device is a chip system, it may include a chip, or it may include a chip and other individual components. This is not specifically limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0226] This application further provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer programs or instructions. When the computer programs or instructions are executed by a computer, the functions in any one embodiment described above are implemented.

[0227] Optionally, the computer executable instructions of the embodiments of this application may be referred to as application program code. This is not specifically limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0228] This application further provides a computer program product. When the computer program product is executed by a computer, the functions in any one embodiment described above are implemented.

[0229] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the detailed operating processes of the aforementioned systems, apparatus, and units will be described by referring to the corresponding processes in the embodiments of the methods described above. Details will not be repeated here.

[0230] It should be understood that the systems, apparatus, and methods described in this application may be implemented in alternative ways. For example, the embodiments of the apparatus described are merely examples. For example, the division into units is merely a logical functional division. In actual implementation, other division methods may be possible. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or omitted. In addition, the interconnections or direct connections or communication connections presented or considered may be implemented through some interfaces. Indirect connections or communication connections between apparatus or units may be implemented electronically, mechanically, or in other forms.

[0231] Units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separated; that is, they may be located together in the same place or distributed across multiple network units. Parts shown as units may or may not be physical units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on the actual requirements to achieve the objectives of the solution of the embodiment.

[0232] Furthermore, the functional units in the embodiments of this application may be integrated into a single processing module, and each unit may exist physically independently, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit.

[0233] All or part of the embodiments described above may be implemented using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When a software program is used to implement an embodiment, the embodiment may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When a computer program instruction is loaded into a computer and executed, all or part of the procedures or functions described in the embodiments of this application are performed. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a computer network, or another programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions may be transmitted by wire (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, or digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wirelessly (e.g., infrared, radio, or microwave) from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium accessible by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The usable media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, or magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state drives (SSDs)). In embodiments of this application, a computer may include the aforementioned devices.

[0234] While this application is described with reference to embodiments, those skilled in the art may understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments by examining the accompanying drawings, the content of the disclosure and the accompanying claims in the process of implementing this application for which protection is claimed. In the claims, “comprising” does not exclude another component or another step, and “one” or “one” does not exclude the case of “multiple.” A single processor or another unit may implement some of the functions enumerated in the claims. Although some means are described in different dependent claims, this does not mean that these means cannot be combined to produce a better effect.

[0235] While this application is described with reference to its specific features and embodiments, it is clear that various modifications and combinations may be made thereto, provided they do not deviate from the spirit and scope of this application. Accordingly, this specification and the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative descriptions of the application as defined by the accompanying claims and shall be considered any or all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents that encompass the scope of this application. It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. This application is intended to encompass these modifications and variations of this application, provided that these variations fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and the equivalent art. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0236] 600 Communication devices 610 Communication Module 620 Processing Modules 630 memory modules 700 Communication equipment 701 Processor 702 Transceiver 703 memory

Claims

1. A wireless sensing method, A step of generating at least two sensing signal flows, wherein the at least two sensing signal flows include a first sensing signal flow and a second sensing signal flow, the first sensing signal flow is a random signal flow, and the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function, The steps include outputting at least two sensing signal flows in each of multiple time units, and A method that includes this.

2. A wireless sensing method, A step of receiving at least two sensing signal flows in each of a plurality of time units, wherein the at least two sensing signal flows include a signal of a first sensing signal flow after channel transmission and a signal of a second sensing signal flow after channel transmission, wherein the first sensing signal flow is a random signal flow and the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function, The steps include: processing the at least two sensing signal flows received in the plurality of time units to determine the wireless sensing result; A method that includes this.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains unchanged, and the phase of the first sensing signal flow changes with the time unit.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first sensing signal flow has a modulus of any positive number and a phase of a random scalar evenly distributed from 0 to 2π.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the first sensing signal flow is a point in a modulation constellation set.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the phase of the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the sampling value of the low-pass function in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and the modulus of the second sensing signal flow is equal to the modulus of the first sensing signal flow.

7. The second sensing signal flow and the first sensing signal flow have the following relationship: [Math 1] Satisfying X 1 [k] indicates the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, X 2 The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein [k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, ρ represents the sampling value of the low-pass function in units of time for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and k is a positive integer.

8. The signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier is within the modulation constellation set. [Math 2] It is the closest constellation point, [Math 3] The following relationships [Math 4] Satisfying X 1 The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein [k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, ρ represents the sampling value of the low-pass function in units of time for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and k is a positive integer.

9. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, the low-pass function, and the cyclic shift diversity (CSD) matrix K.

10. The second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, the low-pass function, and the CSD matrix K. The second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, a randomization matrix φ, and K, wherein φ has principal diagonal elements of 1 and e jρ It is a diagonal matrix where ρ represents the sampling value of the low-pass function in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and is determined to be The method according to claim 9, including the method described in claim 9.

11. The second sensing signal flow described above has the following relationship [Math 5] Satisfying X 1 [k] indicates the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, X 2 The method according to claim 9, wherein [k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier.

12. The second sensing signal flow described above has the following relationship [Math 6] Satisfying X 1 [k] indicates the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, X 2 The method according to claim 9, wherein [k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the parameters of the low-pass function are determined by a group of random numbers and a public interpolation function, and the parameters are shared confidentially.

14. A communication device, A processing module configured to generate at least two sensing signal flows, wherein the at least two sensing signal flows include a first sensing signal flow and a second sensing signal flow, the first sensing signal flow is a random signal flow, and the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function, A communication module configured to output at least two sensing signal flows in each of multiple time units, A device equipped with the following features.

15. A communication device, A communication module configured to receive at least two sensing signal flows in each of a plurality of time units, wherein the at least two sensing signal flows include a signal of a first sensing signal flow after channel transmission and a signal of a second sensing signal flow after channel transmission, the first sensing signal flow being a random signal flow, and the second sensing signal flow being determined based on the first sensing signal flow and a low-pass function, A processing module configured to process the at least two sensing signal flows received in the plurality of time units and to determine the wireless sensing result, A device equipped with the following features.

16. The apparatus according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the modulus of the first sensing signal flow remains unchanged, and the phase of the first sensing signal flow changes with the time unit.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the first sensing signal flow is a random scalar whose modulus is an arbitrary positive number and whose phase is evenly distributed from 0 to 2π.

18. The apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the first sensing signal flow is a point in a modulation constellation set.

19. The apparatus according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the phase of the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the sampling value of the low-pass function in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and the modulus of the second sensing signal flow is equal to the modulus of the first sensing signal flow.

20. The second sensing signal flow and the first sensing signal flow have the following relationship: [Number 7] satisfies, X 1 [k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, X 2 [k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, ρ represents the sampling value of the low-pass function in the time unit for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and k is a positive integer. The apparatus according to any one of claims 16 to 19.

21. The signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier is within the modulation constellation set. [Number 8] It is the closest constellation point, [Number 9] The following relationships [Number 10] Satisfying X 1 The apparatus according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein [k] represents the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, ρ represents the sampling value of the low-pass function in units of time for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and k is a positive integer.

22. The apparatus according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, the low-pass function, and the cyclic shift diversity (CSD) matrix K.

23. The second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, the low-pass function, and the CSD matrix K. The second sensing signal flow is determined based on the first sensing signal flow, a randomization matrix φ, and K, wherein φ has principal diagonal elements of 1 and e jρ It is a diagonal matrix where ρ represents the sampling value of the low-pass function in time units for transmitting the sensing signal flow, and is determined to be The apparatus according to claim 22, including the apparatus described in claim 22.

24. The second sensing signal flow described above has the following relationship [Math 11] Satisfying X 1 [k] indicates the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, X 2 The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein [k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier.

25. The second sensing signal flow described above has the following relationship [Math 12] Satisfying X 1 [k] indicates the signal of the first sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier, X 2 The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein [k] represents the signal of the second sensing signal flow on the k-th subcarrier.

26. The apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 25, wherein the parameters of the low-pass function are determined by a group of random numbers and a public interpolation function, and the parameters are shared confidentially.

27. A communication device comprising a processor, the processor being configured to execute computer programs or instructions or to use logic circuits to enable the communication device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 and 3 to 13, or the method according to any one of claims 2 and 3 to 13.

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, further comprising a communication interface configured to input and / or output signals.

29. The apparatus according to claim 27 or 28, further comprising a memory configured to store the computer program or the instructions.

30. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions or programs, and when the computer instructions or programs are executed on a computer, the communication device is able to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 and 3 to 13, or the method according to any one of claims 2 and 3 to 13.

31. It is a communication system, A communication device according to any one of claims 14 and 16 to 26, A communication device according to any one of claims 15 and 16 to 26 A communication system equipped with these features.

Images