Method for transmitting traffic code blockstreams, method for monitoring quality of service, and system

Abstract

This application discloses a method for transmitting a traffic code block stream, a method for monitoring service quality, and a system, and belongs to the field of communication technology. This application receives a target traffic code block stream transmitted from a second communication device, modifies the original OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream into a first OAM code block, where the value of the target field of the first OAM code block is a target value corresponding to the target tandem connection monitor TCM segment, and transmits the modified target traffic code block stream.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] [Related Application] This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application with an application number of 202310751470.0, filed on June 25, 2023, and the entire content thereof is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and particularly to methods for transmitting traffic code block streams, methods and systems for monitoring service quality.

Background Art

[0003] Due to the rapid increase in user network information traffic, the rapid development of communication network information transmission bandwidth has been promoted. The interface bandwidth speed of communication devices has increased from 10M (unit: bit / second, the same for the following content) to 100G bandwidth speed, and 100G optical modules have begun to be widely commercialized in the market. Currently, 400G optical modules have already been developed, but 400G optical modules are expensive and exceed the price of four 100G optical modules. As a result, 400G optical modules lack commercial economic value. In order to transmit 400G traffic with 100G optical modules, the international standard organization has defined the FlexE (Flexible Ethernet) protocol. With the FlexE protocol, four 100G optical modules are combined to form a single 400G transmission channel, which is equivalent to the transmission speed of a single 400G optical module and satisfies the transmission demand for 400G traffic without increasing costs.

[0004] When using the FlexE protocol to carry client traffic code streams, the MTN (Metro Transport Network) standard specifies that a channel carrying quality monitoring Operation Administration and Maintenance (OAM) code blocks is added during the transmission of the client traffic code stream to detect the quality of service status of the pipeline carrying the client traffic, such as the pipeline's bit error rate, latency, and traffic drop.

[0005] However, the current MTN standard only enables end-to-end OAM functionality for the pipeline and fails to provide tiered and segmented service pipeline monitoring (TCM: Tandem Connection Monitor). Consequently, it cannot effectively monitor the quality of service across different layers of the network (each layer being a subnetwork), resulting in reduced monitoring capabilities for the pipeline's quality status. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] The primary objective of this invention is to provide a method for transmitting traffic code blockstreams, a method for monitoring service quality, and a system to solve the technical problem that currently it is not possible to effectively monitor the service quality of different layers of networks in a service pipeline in a hierarchical manner, resulting in reduced monitoring capabilities for the quality status of the pipeline. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To achieve the above objective, this application provides a method for transmitting a traffic code block stream applicable to a first communication device. A step of receiving a target traffic code block stream transmitted from a second communication device, wherein the first and second communication devices are communication devices in a service pipeline carrying the target traffic, and the first communication device is configured as the source of a target tandem connection monitor (TCM) segment. The step of modifying the original OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream into a first OAM code block, wherein the value of the target field of the first OAM code block is the target value corresponding to the target serial connection monitoring TCM segment. The step includes transmitting the modified target traffic code block stream.

[0008] Furthermore, in order to achieve the above objectives, this application further provides a service quality monitoring method applicable to third communication equipment. A step of receiving a transmitted target traffic code block stream from a fourth communication device, wherein the third and fourth communication devices are communication devices in a service pipeline carrying the target traffic, and the third communication device is configured as a sink for the target TCM segment. A step of monitoring the quality of service of a target TCM segment by detecting a first OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream, wherein the value of the target field of the first OAM code block is a target value corresponding to the target TCM segment. The steps include: recovering the first OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream to the original OAM code block, and transmitting the recovered target traffic code block stream to a fifth communication device, wherein the original OAM code block is the OAM code block before it is modified into the first OAM code block, and the fifth communication device is a communication device located downstream of the third communication device in the service pipeline.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to achieve the above objectives, this application further provides a service quality monitoring system. A first communication device configured to perform the traffic code block stream transmission method described in any one of the above paragraphs, Includes a third communication device configured to perform the service quality monitoring method described in any one of the above paragraphs.

[0010] Furthermore, in order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention further provides a communication device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instruction executable on the processor, the program or instruction, when executed by the processor, realizing the method of transmitting a traffic code block stream described in any one of the above paragraphs, and / or realizing the quality of service monitoring method described above.

[0011] Furthermore, in order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium in which a program or instruction is stored, and when the program or instruction is executed by a processor, it realizes the traffic code block stream transmission method described in any one of the above paragraphs, and / or the service quality monitoring method described in any one of the above paragraphs. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction of the accompanying drawings that may be used in the descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following descriptions represent only a few embodiments of this application, and a person skilled in the art can obtain other accompanying drawings based on the structures shown in these drawings without expending any creative effort.

[0013] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of a 400G transmission channel in related technologies. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of the encoding rules for 64 / 66 encoding in related technologies. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of a traffic code stream in related technologies. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram illustrating how OAM code blocks are inserted into the traffic code stream in related technologies. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram illustrating how OAM functionality is implemented in related technologies. [Figure 6] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of OAM code blocks in related technologies. [Figure 7] This is a schematic diagram of a service channel carrying traffic, as shown in one exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8] This is a flowchart of a method for transmitting a traffic code block stream provided by one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9] This is a flowchart of a service quality monitoring method provided by one exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] This is a schematic diagram of an OAM code block shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 11] This is a schematic diagram of segmented monitoring as shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 12] This is a schematic diagram of an OAM code block shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 13]Schematic diagram of an OAM code block shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 14] Schematic diagram of an OAM code block shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 15] Schematic diagram of an OAM code block shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 16] Schematic diagram of an OAM code block shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 17] Schematic diagram for detecting bit errors in the channel layer. [Figure 18] Schematic diagram of an OAM code block carrying the BIP calculation result on the transmission side, shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 19] Schematic diagram for realizing the bit error monitoring function by hierarchical TCM, shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 20] Schematic diagram of an OAM code block carrying the BIP calculation result on the transmission side, shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 21] Schematic diagram for realizing the bit error monitoring function by hierarchical TCM, shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 22] Schematic diagram of an OAM code block carrying the BIP calculation result on the transmission side, shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 23] Schematic diagram of an OAM code block carrying the BIP calculation result on the transmission side, shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 24] Schematic diagram of an OAM code block carrying the BIP calculation result on the transmission side, shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 25] Schematic diagram of an OAM code block carrying the BIP calculation result on the transmission side, shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 26] Schematic diagram of the configuration of a service quality monitoring system shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Figure 27]This is a block diagram of the configuration of a communication device shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0014] Herein, the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings will be described in detail. Where the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. On the contrary, these are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application, which are described in detail in the appended claims.

[0015] Due to the sustained increase in communication network traffic volume, the traffic bandwidth of communication equipment is also rapidly increasing. The interface speed of communication equipment has improved from 10M bandwidth to 100M, and eventually to 1G and 10G, with traffic speeds multiplying several times every few years to meet the demand for traffic volume on the network.

[0016] Currently, the speed of commercial optical modules for communication equipment has reached 100G, and large-scale commercialization has begun. As optical module speeds begin to exceed 100G, the difficulties encountered in the research and development of optical modules become increasingly significant, and the production cost of optical modules increases sharply. In the development from 100G to 400G, 400G optical modules are currently being developed, but 400G optical modules are expensive, costing more than four 100G optical modules, and as a result, 400G optical modules lack commercial economic value. To meet the demand for transmitting 400G traffic without increasing costs and to transmit 400G traffic using 100G optical modules, the international standards organization defined the FlexE protocol. The FlexE protocol combines multiple 100G optical modules to form a single high-speed transmission channel. As shown in Figure 1, the FlexE protocol combines four 100G optical modules to form a single 400G transmission channel, achieving a traffic transmission speed equivalent to that of a single 400G optical module. This meets the demand for 400G traffic transmission and solves the problem of the economic value of traffic transmission.

[0017] When using the FlexE protocol to carry client traffic at a physical interface rate of 100G, 64 / 66 encoding is performed on the client packet before transmission. Figure 2 shows the encoding rules for 64 / 66 encoding established by the IEEE organization. The 64 / 66 encoding process is as follows: The client packet bytes are divided into groups of 8 bytes (64 bits), and then the 64 bits are encoded to form a 66-bit code block (information block) consisting of the first 2 bits and the last 64 bits (8 bytes). The first 2 bits are synchronization header bits, which divide the information block into two types: data blocks (the first two bit values ​​are 0 and 1, indicating that the code block is a data block) and control blocks (the first two bits are 10, indicating that the block is a control block). Control blocks can be further divided into different types, distinguished by the first byte of the control block. The control block has an idle block (the control type value of the first byte is 0x1E, abbreviated as IDLE block or I block), an O code block (the control type value of the first byte is 0x4B), an S code block (the control type value of the first byte is 0x78), and a T code block (the control type value of the first byte is one of eight types, such as 0x87, 0x99, ..., 0xFF, representing T0, T1...T7 respectively). The client packet is transmitted from the optical interface after 64 / 66 encoding. Upon reception, the optical interface locates the 66-bit code block from the received data stream and recovers the original client packet from the 66-bit code block. The FlexE protocol is executed at the 66-bit code block layer, as shown in Figure 3. For 100G traffic, every 20 66-bit code blocks are grouped into one code block group, with each group containing a total of 20 code blocks, each representing 20 time slots, and each time slot representing a speed of 5G bandwidth.When sending a 66-bit code block, one FlexE overhead block, such as the black-filled block in Figure 3, is inserted after each transmission of 1023 code block groups (1023*20 code blocks). After inserting the overhead block, the client code block is sent again, and after the transmission of the second 1023*20 client code block is completed, another overhead block is inserted. By analogy, overhead blocks are periodically inserted during the transmission of client code blocks, and the interval between two adjacent overhead blocks is 1023*20 client code blocks.

[0018] Client packets are loaded and transmitted in one or more time slots as defined by the FlexE protocol. To detect the quality of service in which the network loads client packets, an OAM code block (carrying maintenance management information) is inserted during the transmission of the client packet code block stream, as shown in Figure 4. In this way, the OAM code block is loaded and transmitted together with the client packet code block, and the transmission paths between the OAM code block and the client packet code block are the same, allowing the quality of service of the loading pipeline to be monitored by the OAM code block. A concrete implementation is shown in Figure 5, where device 1 inserts an OAM code block during the transmission of the client packet code block. The OAM code block is transmitted over the network together with the client packet code block, and the receiving device 6 detects the OAM code block. By analyzing the contents of the OAM, the quality status of the pipeline can be monitored. Different type values ​​can be carried in the OAM code block to realize different monitoring functions, such as bit error detection, channel connection monitoring, connection verification, distal end bit error, distal end failure, delay measurement, rapid protection switching, client signal expiration, and client signal type indication. For example, if a transmitting device continuously sends OAM code blocks according to a fixed cycle, but the receiving device does not receive any OAM code blocks within a series of consecutive cycles, it will determine that a failure has occurred in the pipeline carrying client traffic and report a connection monitoring failure.

[0019] As shown in Figure 6, the OAM code block format is a related technology that extends the O code block format in the Ethernet standard, and the extended format is called the OAM code block format. In the Ethernet standard, the O code block is a control code block, the two-digit synchronization header bit value is "10", the content of the control character is "0x4B", and the 34th to 37th bits in the code block are the sequence values ​​of the O code block, with different sequence values ​​representing the content of the O code block having different meanings. The Ethernet standard uses four sequence values: 0x0, 0x1, 0x2, and 0xF, and the China Mobile Enterprise standard uses the sequence value 0xC, and the O code block with the 0xC sequence value is called the OAM code block. In the OAM code block, the combination of the synchronization header "10", the control character "0x4B", and the O sequence value "0xC" is used as the flag value of the OAM block, and a code block that matches this flag value is an OAM code block. In an OAM code block, bits 10 and 11 are reserved bits, bits 12-17 are the type field of the OAM code block and are used for different types of OAM code blocks, bits 18-33 and 42-57 are used to contain the content of the OAM code block, bits 38-41 are reserved bits, bits 58-61 are used to transmit the sequence number of multiple OAM code blocks, and bits 62-65 are used to transmit the CRC verification value. When a transmitting device sends a client code block, it inserts an OAM code block, and when a receiving device receives it, it checks the status of the OAM code block in the client traffic code block, thereby realizing the quality of service status of the network pipeline.

[0020] Current OAM (Output-Aid Management) functionality can detect the quality of service between the source and sink devices of client traffic. In real-world applications, networks span wide geographical areas, include network equipment from multiple different vendors, and these networks are relayed. Current OAM functionality can only detect whether a failure or interruption has occurred between the source and sink devices; it cannot identify which subnet range the failure occurred within, nor can it maintain protection switching within small subnet ranges.

[0021] Therefore, it is necessary to perform multi-layered service quality monitoring for service pipelines carrying client traffic. To address this technical challenge, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for transmitting a traffic code block stream and a method for monitoring service quality to realize multi-layered service quality monitoring for service pipelines carrying client traffic. In the embodiment of the present invention, monitoring of multiple segments (also called multiple layers) is installed in the service pipeline, realizing three layers of TCM monitoring needs as shown in Figure 7. Three more layers of service monitoring are added to the onboard pipeline between the source device and the sink device, with each layer being a subnetwork, and the service quality status of each subnetwork is monitored. If a failure such as an interruption occurs in the subnetwork, protection switching is performed within this subnetwork, and devices outside this subnetwork do not participate in the protection switching, reducing the number of devices involved in protection switching. In Figure 7, client traffic is carried between device 1 and device 9. Device 1 transmits a client code block and inserts an OAM code block. Device 9 receives the client code block and the OAM code block and detects the service quality of the client traffic onboard pipeline. The OAM in this layer is called channel layer OAM. Three-layer TCM functionality is enabled between device 1 and device 9. First-layer TCM functionality is enabled between device 2 and device 8, second-layer TCM functionality is enabled between device 3 and device 7, and third-layer TCM functionality is enabled between device 4 and device 6. If a failure in device 5 causes a failure in the traffic-carrying pipeline, the third-layer TCM functionality between device 4 and device 6 will be the first to detect the failure, perform rapid switching, and quickly restore client traffic. In this way, devices 1 through 4 and devices 6 through 9 remain unaffected and do not need to participate in protection switching activities in the event of a failure in device 5.

[0022] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application will be described below, with reference to the drawings.

[0023] Figure 8 shows a flowchart of a method for transmitting a traffic code block stream provided by one exemplary embodiment of the present application, which can be applied to a first communication device. As shown in Figure 8, the method for transmitting a traffic code block stream mainly comprises the following steps.

[0024] S810 receives a target traffic code block stream transmitted from the second communication device, where the first and second communication devices are communication devices in a service pipeline carrying the target traffic, and the first communication device is configured as the source of the target tandem connection monitor TCM segment.

[0025] In the embodiments of the present invention, the first communication device may be an intermediate node in the service pipeline of target traffic, i.e., a communication device in the service pipeline of target traffic excluding the transmitter and receiver, the second communication device may be a transmitter in the service pipeline of target traffic, or a downstream node of the transmitter, and the first communication device is a downstream node of the second communication device.

[0026] For example, in the service pipeline shown in Figure 7, the second communication device may be device 1, the first communication device may be device 2, or the second communication device may be device 2 and the first communication device may be device 3, or the second communication device may be device 3 and the first communication device may be device 4.

[0027] In the embodiments of the present invention, the first communication device is configured as the source of the target TCM (Tandem Connection Monitor) segment in the service pipeline of the target traffic. Therefore, in the embodiments of the present invention, the first communication device is not the upstream node closest to the receiving end of the service pipeline. For example, in Figure 7, device 2 is configured as the source of the first TCM segment (also called the first TCM layer), device 3 is configured as the source of the second TCM segment (also called the second TCM layer), and device 4 is configured as the source of the third TCM segment (also called the third TCM layer).

[0028] In the embodiment of the present invention, the OAM code block carries maintenance management information.

[0029] In a specific application, at least one TCM segment may be pre-configured for the service channel of the target traffic, and a source and a sink may be configured for each TCM segment. The communication equipment configured as the source receives the target traffic code block stream of the target traffic and then processes it according to the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] S812, the original OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream is modified into a first OAM code block, where the value of the target field of the first OAM code block is the target value corresponding to the target tandem connection monitor TCM segment.

[0031] In embodiments of the present invention, a first communication device, as a source of a target TCM segment, after receiving a target traffic code block stream, modifies the original OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream into a first OAM code block, the value of the target field of the first OAM code block being a target value corresponding to the target TCM segment, the value of the target field indicating subsequent communication devices, and the first OAM code block being used to detect the quality of service of the target TCM segment.

[0032] In one alternative implementation, the first communication device can periodically modify the original OAM code block to a first OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream according to a preset code block interval. Of course, it is not limited to this, and in actual applications, it is not necessary to modify the original OAM code block to a first OAM code block according to a preset period; specifically, this can be determined based on the quality of service state that actually needs to be detected.

[0033] For example, the step of modifying the original OAM code block to a first OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream is: The target traffic code block stream includes step A10 of modifying the initial value of the target field of the OAM code block to the target value, so as to modify the original OAM code block to a first OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream.

[0034] In the aforementioned target traffic code block stream, modifying the initial value of the target field of the OAM code block to the aforementioned target value means that The method includes step B10, which periodically corrects the initial value of the target field of the OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream to the target value according to a predetermined code block interval.

[0035] S814 transmits the modified target traffic code block stream.

[0036] In this embodiment, the service pipeline of target traffic is divided into multiple TCM segments. The source of the TCM segment modifies the original OAM code block in the target traffic code stream into a first OAM code block. The value of the target field in the first OAM code block is the target value corresponding to the TCM segment. As a result, the sink of the TCM segment detects the first OAM code block and decides to monitor the service quality of the corresponding TCM segment, thereby enabling monitoring of the tiering or segmentation of the service pipeline and ultimately enhancing the monitoring capability of the pipeline's quality status.

[0037] To provide TCM functionality in the network, the type of OAM information code block in the TCM layer must be defined. Source devices in different TCM layers (e.g., including first-segment TCM, second-segment TCM, and third-segment TCM) must have OAM code blocks that match the type of this layer inserted. Sink devices receive the OAM code blocks of the TCM functionality that match the type of this layer and perform analysis and inspection to obtain the quality of service of the TCM segment in this layer. However, this implementation requires that new OAM code blocks (OAM code blocks of the TCM functionality that match the type of this layer) be inserted into the source devices of the TCM segment in this layer, and that OAM code blocks be inserted into any of the source devices of the TCM segment in each layer. After the insertion of OAM code blocks, the number of traffic code block streams increases, reducing the transmission speed. To maintain a constant speed in the traffic code block stream, it is necessary to delete some idle code blocks accordingly. In some application scenarios, the client speed is slow, resulting in a small number of idle code blocks in the client traffic stream, making it impossible to insert new OAM code blocks into the target traffic code block stream, and consequently, the TCM functionality of the service pipeline cannot be realized.

[0038] Based on this, the embodiment of the present invention divides the service pipeline of target traffic into multiple TCM segments, the source of the TCM segment modifies the original OAM code block into a first OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream, the value of the target field of the first OAM code block is the target value corresponding to the TCM segment, thereby realizing TCM functionality without inserting a separate OAM code block for the TCM function, the sink of the TCM segment, after receiving the first OAM code block, restores the first OAM code block to the original OAM code block and then forwards it to the downstream device, and the sink of the TCM segment realizes the maintenance management function of the TCM layer based on the information content extracted to the TCM layer.

[0039] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, each TCM layer source device does not need to insert a new OAM code block separately. Instead, it modifies the type of the received OAM code block to the OAM type of the TCM layer, and the TCM layer sink device restores the original OAM code block type. As a result, the TCM layer can directly borrow the channel layer OAM code block and disguise it as an OAM code block of the TCM layer type, enabling the TCM layer to perform maintenance management functions without inserting a separate OAM code block. The embodiment of the present invention enables the transmission of OAM information from all TCM layers by directly borrowing the channel layer OAM code block. By extending the TCM field on top of existing OAMs, it is possible to realize layered TCM functionality in network construction and, consequently, solve the technical problem that currently it is not possible to effectively monitor the quality of service of different layers of networks in the service pipeline in a layered manner, resulting in reduced monitoring capabilities for the quality status of the pipeline.

[0040] Figure 9 shows a flowchart of a quality of service monitoring method provided by one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, which can be applied to a third communication device. As shown in Figure 9, the method for transmitting the traffic code block stream mainly comprises the following steps.

[0041] S910 receives a target traffic code block stream transmitted from the fourth communication device, where the third and fourth communication devices are communication devices in a service pipeline carrying the target traffic, and the third communication device is configured as a sink for the target TCM segment.

[0042] In the embodiments of the present invention, the third communication device may be an intermediate node in the service pipeline of target traffic, that is, the third communication device may be a communication device in the service pipeline of target traffic excluding the transmitter and receiver, the fourth communication device may be the service pipeline of target traffic, an intermediate node in the service pipeline of target traffic, and the third communication device is a downstream node of the fourth communication device.

[0043] For example, in the service pipeline shown in Figure 7, the third communication device may be device 6, the fourth communication device may be device 5, or the third communication device may be device 7 and the fourth communication device may be device 6, or the third communication device may be device 8 and the fourth communication device may be device 7.

[0044] In the embodiments of the present invention, the third communication device is configured as a sink for the target TCM segment in the service pipeline of the target traffic. Therefore, in the embodiments of the present invention, the third communication device is not the downstream node closest to the transmitting side of the service pipeline. For example, in Figure 7, device 8 is configured as a sink for the first TCM segment (also called the first TCM layer), device 7 is configured as a sink for the second TCM segment (also called the second TCM layer), and device 6 is configured as a sink for the third TCM segment (also called the third TCM layer).

[0045] In a specific application, at least one TCM segment may be pre-configured for the service channel of the target traffic, and a source and a sink may be configured for each TCM segment. The communication equipment configured as a sink receives the target traffic code block stream of the target traffic and then processes it according to the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] In the embodiments of the present application, the third communication device may be a communication device corresponding to the first communication device in the above embodiment, where the first communication device is the source of the target TCM segment and the third communication device is the sink of the target TCM segment.

[0047] S912, the quality of service of the target TCM segment is monitored by detecting a first OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream, where the value of the target field of the first OAM code block is the target value corresponding to the target TCM segment.

[0048] In embodiments of the present invention, the third communication device detects a first OAM code block in the target traffic code stream based on the value of the target field of the OAM code block, and by detecting the first OAM code block, it enables monitoring of the quality of service of the target TCM segment. For example, by detecting the first OAM code block in the target traffic code stream, it is possible to monitor the quality of service status of the detection pipeline of the target TCM segment, such as bit error rate, latency, and traffic drop.

[0049] In one alternative implementation, S912 is, Step C10 involves detecting a first OAM code block included in the target traffic code block stream, The process may also include step C20, which determines whether there is a fault in the traffic-carrying pipeline between the source of the target TCM segment and the sink of the target TCM segment, based on the detected first OAM code block.

[0050] For example, the transmission delay of the target TCM segment may be determined based on the time it takes for the first OAM code block to be detected, or the presence or absence of packet loss in the target TCM segment may be determined based on the number of first OAM code blocks detected within a predetermined time.

[0051] In one alternative implementation, if a failure is detected in the traffic-carrying pipeline between the source and the sink of the target TCM segment, the traffic-carrying pipeline between the source and the sink of the target TCM segment is switched. For example, the transmission nodes between the source and the sink of the target TCM segment can be switched.

[0052] S914, in the target traffic code block stream, the first OAM code block is restored to the original OAM code block, and the restored target traffic code block stream is transmitted to the fifth communication device, where the original OAM code block is the OAM code block before it is modified into the first OAM code block, and the fifth communication device is a communication device located downstream of the third communication device in the service pipeline.

[0053] The fifth communication device is a downstream device of the third communication device, and the fifth communication device may also be a node in the service pipeline of the target traffic. For example, in Figure 7, the fifth communication device may be device 7, device 8, and device 9.

[0054] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention enables the third communication device to detect a first OAM code block by detecting the value of a target field within the OAM code block, and to monitor the quality of service of a target TCM segment based on the detection result of the first OAM code block, thereby enabling multi-layered quality of service monitoring for the service pipeline carrying client traffic.

[0055] For example, in the target traffic code block stream, the step of recovering the aforementioned first OAM code block to the original OAM code block is: Step D10 includes restoring the target value of the target field of the OAM code block to its initial value in the target traffic code block stream, so as to restore the first OAM code block to its original OAM code block, where the initial value is the value before it is modified to the target value.

[0056] In the aforementioned target traffic code block stream, the step of restoring the target value of the target field of the OAM code block to its initial value is: Step D20 includes periodically correcting the target value of the target field of the OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream to an initial value according to a predetermined code block interval.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present invention, the service pipeline of target traffic is divided into multiple TCM segments, the source of the TCM segment modifies the original OAM code block in the target traffic code stream into a first OAM code block, the value of the target field of the first OAM code block is the target value corresponding to the TCM segment, and the sink of the TCM segment detects the first OAM code block and decides to monitor the service quality of the corresponding TCM segment, thereby realizing monitoring of the tiering or segmentation of the service pipeline and, consequently, enhancing the monitoring capability of the pipeline quality status.

[0058] To provide TCM functionality in the network, the type of OAM information code block in the TCM layer must be defined, and source devices in different TCM layers (e.g., including TCM in the first segment, TCM in the second segment, and TCM in the third segment) must have an OAM code block that matches the type of this layer inserted. Sink devices receive the OAM code block of the TCM functionality that matches the type of this layer and perform analysis and inspection to obtain the quality of service of the TCM segment in this layer. However, this implementation requires that source devices in the TCM segment of this layer have a new OAM code block (an OAM code block of the TCM functionality that matches the type of this layer) inserted, and an OAM code block must be inserted into any of the source devices in the TCM segment of each layer. After the OAM code blocks are inserted, the number of traffic code block streams increases, which reduces the transmission speed. To maintain a constant speed for the traffic code block stream, it is necessary to delete some idle code blocks accordingly. In some application scenarios, slow client speeds result in a low number of idle code blocks in the client traffic stream, making it impossible to insert new OAM code blocks into the target traffic code block stream, and ultimately preventing the TCM functionality of the service pipeline from being realized.

[0059] Based on this, the embodiment of the present invention divides the service pipeline of target traffic into multiple TCM segments, the source of the TCM segment modifies the original OAM code block into a first OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream, the value of the target field of the first OAM code block is the target value corresponding to the TCM segment, thereby realizing TCM functionality without inserting a separate OAM code block for the TCM function, the sink of the TCM segment, after receiving the first OAM code block, restores the first OAM code block to the original OAM code block and then forwards it to the downstream device, and the sink of the TCM segment realizes the maintenance management function of the TCM layer based on the extracted information content of the TCM layer.

[0060] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, each TCM layer source device does not need to insert a new OAM code block separately. Instead, it modifies the type of the received OAM code block to the OAM type of the TCM layer, and the TCM layer sink device restores the original OAM code block type. As a result, the TCM layer can directly borrow the channel layer OAM code block and disguise it as an OAM code block of the TCM layer type, enabling the TCM layer to perform maintenance and management functions without inserting a separate OAM code block. The embodiment of the present invention enables the transmission of OAM information from all TCM layers by directly borrowing the channel layer OAM code block. By extending the TCM field on top of existing OAMs, it is possible to realize layered TCM functionality in network construction and, consequently, solve the technical problem that currently it is not possible to effectively monitor the service quality of different layers of the network in the service pipeline in a layered manner, resulting in reduced monitoring capabilities for the quality status of the pipeline.

[0061] In one alternative implementation, the target field may be a reserved field in the OAM code block.

[0062] In the standards adopted in related technologies, the 10th and 11th bits in the OAM code block are reserved bits. Therefore, in one alternative implementation, the reserved field may be the 10th and 11th bits in the OAM code block. As shown in Figure 10, the 10th and 11th bits can indicate the target TCM segment. In this alternative implementation, the reserved field in the OAM code block can be extended to a TCM identifier field, and the contents of the TCM identifier field represent OAM functions at different hierarchical levels.

[0063] In the possible implementations described above, taking the example of dividing the service channel of the target traffic into three segments, the value of the reservation field can include one of the following: A first value indicates that an OAM code block is a code block for the first segment TCM; that is, the value of the reserved field of the OAM code block is a first value, which indicates that the OAM code block is a code block for the first segment TCM, i.e., the OAM code block is used for the quality of service of the first segment of the service channel. A second value indicates that an OAM code block is a code block for the second segment TCM; that is, the value of the reserved field of the OAM code block is a second value, which indicates that the OAM code block is a code block for the second segment TCM, i.e., the OAM code block is used for the quality of service of the second segment of the service channel. A third value indicates that an OAM code block is a code block for the third segment TCM; that is, the value of the reserved field of the OAM code block is a third value, which indicates that the OAM code block is a code block for the third segment TCM, i.e., the OAM code block is used for the quality of service of the third segment of the service channel. A fourth value indicates that an OAM code block is a channel-layer OAM code block; that is, the value of the reserved field of the OAM code block is a fourth value, which indicates that the OAM code block is a channel-layer OAM code block, i.e., the OAM code block is used for the quality of service of a service channel.

[0064] In the above implementation, the target value of the reserved field of the first OAM code block includes one of the first value, the second value, and the third value.

[0065] In one embodiment, after adopting the TCM function, the end-to-end monitoring function from the original source device to the sink device is divided into monitoring at multiple different layers. The OAM of the original client traffic is called the channel layer OAM, and the first layer TCM (i.e., first segment TCM), second layer TCM (i.e., second segment TCM), and third layer TCM (i.e., third segment TCM) can be enabled on the channel layer, enabling hierarchical monitoring of the quality of service of different layers of the network (each layer being one subnetwork), as shown in Figure 7. In implementation, the operator requires a network to support the TCM function. Existing OAM mechanisms can only support one layer of OAM function and cannot support the TCM function. To provide the TCM function in the network, the type of OAM information code block for the TCM layer is defined, and source devices of different TCM layers need to insert an OAM code block for the TCM function that matches the type of this layer. The sink device can receive the OAM code block for the TCM function of this layer and perform analysis and inspection to obtain the quality of service of the TCM of this layer. However, this implementation requires the insertion of OAM code blocks for TCM functionality into the source devices of the TCM layer, and OAM code blocks must be inserted into each TCM source device at each layer. Since the number of traffic code block streams increases after the insertion of OAM code blocks, it is necessary to remove some idle code blocks in order to maintain a constant speed of the traffic code block streams. In some application scenarios, the client speed is slow, resulting in a small number of idle code blocks in the client traffic stream, making it impossible to insert new TCM layer OAM code blocks into the network intermediate devices, and consequently, the TCM functionality cannot be implemented.

[0066] Based on this, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for realizing TCM functionality when it is not necessary to insert an OAM code block for TCM functionality into a network intermediate device. In Figure 5, the network device implements a channel layer monitoring function, and channel layer OAM code blocks have already been inserted into the traffic stream. These channel layer OAM code blocks pass through a TCM segment source device in the network, which modifies the contents of the channel layer OAM code block, changing it to a TCM layer OAM code block with a TCM layer flag (i.e., a first OAM code block). In this way, TCM information transmission is realized without inserting a new TCM layer OAM code block on its own. After receiving the OAM code block, the TCM segment sink device extracts and separates the information content of this TCM layer, modifies the OAM code block to a channel layer OAM code block, and then forwards it to a downstream device. Based on the extracted information content of this TCM layer, the TCM layer transceiver can implement a maintenance management function for this TCM layer (i.e., the target TCM segment). Figure 6 shows the channel layer OAM function format defined in the China Mobile Standard, where bits 10 and 11 are reserved bits, defaulting to "00". The reserved bits are used as a basis for extension, allowing for the expansion of the hierarchical TCM identifier field and hierarchical OAM code block functions, as shown in Figure 10. For example, bits 10 and 11 represent the TCM identifier field, and the content of the TCM identifier field represents OAM functions at different hierarchical levels.

[0067] For example, the value of the TCM identifier field in the OAM code block may be any one of the following: 01. The first layer (i.e., the first segment) TCM function is represented as OAM. 10. Represented as OAM for the Layer 2 TCM function, 11. Represented as OAM for the Layer 3 TCM function, 00, represented as Channel Layer OAM, is the content of the reserved value in the current relevant standards.

[0068] Of course, this is not limited to these examples, and in specific applications, the meaning of each of the above values ​​may not be limited to the above combinations. For example, 11 may be represented as the OAM of the first layer TCM function, and 01 may be represented as the OAM of the third layer TCM function.

[0069] For example, if the value of the target field of the original OAM code block is the fourth value, then the target value is the first value, where the fourth value is used to indicate that the OAM code block is a channel layer OAM code block.

[0070] Furthermore, if the value of the target field of the original OAM code block is the first value, then the target value is the second value, If the value of the target field in the original OAM code block is the second value, then the target value is the third value.

[0071] By defining the layered TCM function, when applied, devices operate according to the current standard for the current channel layer OAM. When the service pipeline transmitting device sends a client packet, it inserts an OAM code block, and the TCM identifier field (abbreviated as TCM field) within the OAM code block is kept at the default value "00" as defined by the standard. The sink device receives and extracts the OAM code block to enable quality of service monitoring of the pipeline. When the first layer TCM function is enabled, as shown in Figure 11, for example, the first layer TCM (first segment TCM segment) function is enabled between device 2 and device 8, and both device 2 and device 8 operate in first layer TCM function mode and operate according to the TCM identifier field value of the first layer OAM. However, without inserting a new TCM layer OAM code block into device 2, it modifies the contents of the channel layer OAM code block from device 1 and modifies the channel layer OAM code block to an OAM code block corresponding to the first segment TCM segment. As shown in Figure 14, the value of bits 10-11 in the channel layer OAM code block that device 1 sends to device 2 is the TCM identifier field, and the flag value is "00", indicating that the OAM code block is a channel layer OAM code block. Device 2 modifies the content of the TCM identifier field value in the channel layer OAM code block from "00" to "01", thereby changing the OAM code block from a channel layer OAM code block to a Layer 1 TCM OAM code block, and then sends it from device 2. In this way, device 2 achieves the transmission of a Layer 1 TCM function OAM code block. In reality, device 2 modifies the existing channel layer OAM code block to a Layer 1 TCM function code block without inserting a separate OAM code block, and thus does not increase the number of OAM code blocks, does not change the number of code blocks in the client traffic code block stream, and does not change the bandwidth speed of the original client traffic code block stream.

[0072] Similarly, if the Layer 2 TCM (Later Segment TCM Segment) function is enabled between device 3 and device 7, both device 3 and device 7 will operate in Layer 2 OAM function mode and will operate according to the Layer 2 OAM TCM identifier field value. Device 3 receives an OAM code block sent from device 2, where the TCM identifier field value in the OAM code block from device 2 is "01", representing a Layer 1 TCM function OAM code block. Device 3 receives the Layer 1 TCM OAM code block from device 2, modifies the TCM identifier field value in the OAM code block from "01" to "10", modifies the attribute of the OAM code block from a Layer 1 TCM code block to a Layer 2 TCM function OAM code block, and then sends it to the downstream device 4. In this way, device 3 has achieved sending a Layer 2 TCM function OAM code block, but without increasing the number of OAM code blocks, without changing the number of code blocks in the client traffic code block stream, and without changing the bandwidth rate of the original client traffic code block stream.

[0073] Similarly, if the Layer 3 TCM (Third Segment TCM Segment) function is enabled between device 4 and device 6, both device 4 and device 6 will operate in Layer 3 OAM function mode and will operate according to the Layer 3 OAM TCM identifier field value. Device 4 receives an OAM code block sent from device 3, and the TCM identifier field value in the OAM code block from device 3 is "10", representing a Layer 2 TCM function OAM code block. Device 4 receives the Layer 2 TCM OAM code block from device 3, modifies the TCM identifier field value in the OAM code block from "10" to "11", modifies the attribute of the OAM code block from a Layer 2 TCM code block to a Layer 3 TCM function OAM code block, and then sends it to the downstream device 5. In this way, device 4 has achieved sending a Layer 3 TCM function OAM code block, but without increasing the number of OAM code blocks, without changing the number of code blocks in the client traffic code block stream, and without changing the bandwidth rate of the original client traffic code block stream.

[0074] Device 5 is an intermediate node device in the network and does not belong to any source or sink device of the TCM layer. Therefore, device 5 forwards all received traffic code blocks (including OAM code blocks of the TCM layer) to downstream device 6. Device 6 is a sink device for Layer 3 TCM. After receiving an OAM code block, device 6 detects that the TCM identifier field value of the OAM code block is "11", conforms to the OAM code block format requirements of the Layer 3 TCM function, and implements maintenance management operations of the Layer 3 TCM function based on the OAM code block content. For example, based on the reception cycle status of the OAM code block, it detects whether the link on the Layer 3 TCM monitoring path is interrupted. As a sink device for Layer 3 TCM, device 6 needs to terminate the OAM code block of the Layer 3 TCM function and prevent the OAM code block of the Layer 3 TCM function from being sent to downstream device 7. The specific implementation method involves device 6 correcting the Layer 3 TCM identifier field value "11" to "10" and changing the OAM code block type from a Layer 3 TCM function OAM code block to a Layer 2 TCM function OAM code block. In this way, the OAM code block transmitted from device 6 becomes a Layer 2 TCM function OAM code block.

[0075] Device 7 receives an OAM code block from Device 6, and the TCM identifier field value in the received OAM code block is "10", indicating that it is an OAM code block for the Layer 2 TCM function. Simultaneously, Device 7 is a sink device for the Layer 2 TCM, and it receives and detects the OAM code block for the Layer 2 TCM function. Based on the contents of the OAM code block, it performs maintenance management operations for the Layer 2 TCM function, for example, detecting whether the link of the Layer 2 TCM monitoring path is interrupted based on the reception cycle status of the OAM code block. As a sink device for the Layer 2 TCM, Device 7 needs to terminate the OAM code block for the Layer 2 TCM function and prevent the OAM code block for the Layer 2 TCM function from being transmitted to the downstream device 7. The specific implementation method involves device 7 correcting the Layer 2 TCM identifier field value "10" to "01" and changing the OAM code block type from a Layer 2 TCM function OAM code block to a Layer 1 TCM function OAM code block. In this way, the OAM code block transmitted from device 7 becomes a Layer 1 TCM function OAM code block.

[0076] Similarly, device 8 receives an OAM code block from device 7, and the TCM identifier field value in the received OAM code block is "01", indicating that it is an OAM code block for the Layer 1 TCM function. At the same time, device 8 is a sink device for the Layer 1 TCM, and it receives and detects the OAM code block for the Layer 1 TCM function. Based on the contents of the OAM code block, it performs maintenance management operations for the Layer 1 TCM function, for example, detecting whether the link of the Layer 1 TCM monitoring path is interrupted based on the reception cycle status of the OAM code block. As a sink device for the Layer 1 TCM, device 8 needs to terminate the OAM code block for the Layer 1 TCM function and prevent the OAM code block for the Layer 1 TCM function from being sent to the downstream device 9. The specific implementation method involves device 8 correcting the received Layer 1 TCM identifier field value "01" to "00" and changing the OAM code block type from a Layer 1 TCM function OAM code block to a channel layer TCM function OAM code block. In this way, the OAM code block transmitted from device 8 becomes a channel layer OAM code block. Device 9 is a sink node device that carries client traffic (i.e., the receiving side in the service pipeline of target traffic) and a receiving device monitored by the client traffic channel layer. It receives that the TCM identifier field value in the OAM code block of upstream device 8 is 0, indicating that it is a channel layer OAM code block, extracts the channel layer OAM code block, and performs channel layer maintenance management based on the contents of the OAM code block. In this way, the maintenance monitoring functions for Layer 1 TCM, Layer 2 TCM, and Layer 3 TCM are completed between device 2 and device 8, between device 3 and device 7, and between device 3 and device 6, respectively, and network layered TCM maintenance monitoring functions are realized without inserting a separate OAM code block.

[0077] While many details are shown in the above examples, they are used solely to help understand the technical concept or technical principle of the technical solution of the present application, and any simpler forms of conversions made based on this technical concept are within the scope of the protection of the present application.

[0078] In the above example, the type of OAM code block in the TCM layer is defined, and when the TCM function is enabled, the source device corresponding to the TCM layer modifies the type of other types of OAM code blocks received to the type of OAM code block of the TCM function in this layer, and then transmits the OAM code block of the TCM function in this layer. In the network, after the sink device in the TCM layer receives the OAM code block in this layer, it implements the monitoring function of the TCM function in this layer according to the status of the received OAM code block. After the sink device in the TCM layer has completed maintenance monitoring of the TCM layer, it needs to terminate the OAM code block in this TCM layer, so the sink device needs to modify the type of the OAM code block in this TCM layer. Following the reverse process of the modification method of the source device in this TCM layer, it modifies and recovers the type of the OAM code block to the original OAM code block type (i.e., the OAM code block type received by the TCM layer sink device from the upstream device) and then transmits it to the downstream device.

[0079] In the embodiments of the present invention, the source device of each TCM segment does not need to insert a new OAM code block separately, modifies the type of the received OAM to the type of OAM corresponding to the TCM segment, and the sink device of the TCM segment restores the type of the original OAM code block. In this way, the TCM layer can directly borrow the channel layer OAM code block and disguise it as the OAM code block of the TCM layer, and the TCM layer functions can be realized without inserting a separate OAM code block. The embodiments of the present invention can transmit OAM information of all TCM layers by directly borrowing the channel layer OAM code block, and it is possible to achieve that the period of the OAM code block monitored by all TCM layers and the period of the channel layer OAM code block are in perfect agreement.

[0080] In the above implementation, the reserved fields at the positions of the 10th and 11th bits of the channel layer OAM code block are extended, the reserved fields are extended to include the contents of the TCM identifier field, a different hierarchical OAM code block structure is constructed, and a hierarchical TCM function is realized.

[0081] In the standards adopted in related technologies, bits 38-41 of the OAM code block are reserved bits; therefore, in one alternative implementation, the reserved field may be bits 38-41 of the OAM code block.

[0082] In the possible implementations described above, the value of the reservation field will include one of the following: The first value to indicate that the OAM code block is the code block of the first segment TCM, The second value to indicate that the OAM code block is the code block of the second segment TCM, A third value to indicate that the OAM code block is a code block of the third segment TCM, The fourth value to indicate that the OAM code block is a code block of the channel layer OAM, A reserved value, the fifth value, which includes all values ​​that can be represented by the 38 to 41 bits, excluding the first value, the second value, the third value, and the fourth value.

[0083] Here, the target value includes one of the first value, the second value, and the third value.

[0084] In the alternative implementation described above, the content of bits 38-41 within the OAM code block is extended to a TCM identifier field, where different values ​​indicate different uses of the OAM code block. For example, if a service channel includes three layers of TCM (i.e., three TCM segments), the values ​​of bits 38-41 in the OAM code block may be as follows: 0001: Represented as OAM for the first layer TCM function, 0010: Represented as OAM for the Layer 2 TCM function, 0011: Represented as OAM for the third layer TCM function, 0000: Represented as Channel Layer OAM, and contains the reserved values ​​in the current standard. 0100~1111: Reservations

[0085] Figure 12 shows a schematic diagram of the location of extended TCM identifier fields within an OAM code block, illustrating, but not limited to, the correspondence between different TCM identifier field values ​​and their indicated meanings. Other correspondences are also possible. For example, "0101" represents an OAM for a first-layer TCM function, "1010" represents an OAM for a second-layer TCM function, and "1111" represents an OAM for a third-layer TCM function, and are not specifically limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0086] In one alternative implementation, the target field may be a feature field of the OAM code block. In the standards adopted in the relevant technology, bits 34-37 of the OAM code block are feature bits, and therefore, in one alternative implementation, the feature field may be bits 34-37 of the OAM code block. For example, in the relevant technology, the O-sequence value at position 34-37 of the OAM code block is 0xC as the feature value of the channel layer OAM code block. To implement TCM functionality, the O-sequence value can be extended to other values ​​as the standard content of the TCM identifier field, with each TCM segment indicated by the value at position 34-37.

[0087] For example, if the service channel includes three layers of TCM (i.e., three TCM segments), then, as shown in Figure 13, the O sequence value is extended to the TCM identifier field, and the TCM identifier field value may be any one of the following: 0xB: Represented as the OAM of the Layer 1 TCM function, 0xA: Represented as the OAM of the Layer 2 TCM function, 0x9: Represented as the OAM for the Layer 3 TCM function, 0xC: Represented as the channel layer OAM, defined in the current standard field.

[0088] The above shows the correspondence between the values ​​of different TCM identifier fields and the meanings they represent, but is not limited to these. Other correspondences may also exist. For example, 0x3 represents the OAM of a Layer 1 TCM function, 0x4 represents the OAM of a Layer 2 TCM function, and 0x5 represents the OAM of a Layer 3 TCM function.

[0089] In the embodiments of this invention, maintenance management functions for multiple layers of the TCM layer can be realized without inserting a separate OAM code block. However, the maintenance management functions of the TCM layer are relatively simple and can only implement connection monitoring functions. That is, the sink device detects the reception status of the OAM code block according to the expected cycle, and if it cannot receive the expected type of OAM code block within a series of consecutive reception cycles (generally three cycles), the source device and sink device of this TCM layer are directly interrupted, and a connection interruption alarm is reported. The connection monitoring function can only monitor whether there is an interruption between the transmitting device and the sink device in the network, for example, a failure that causes the link to be interrupted due to a broken optical fiber or a power off of the device. An interruption failure is a complete interruption in the network link, making it impossible to transmit signals. In addition to interruption failures, there are also performance degradation failures in the network. Performance degradation means that there is not a complete interruption between the source device and the sink device, and that the transmitted signal is degraded due to various reasons, resulting in some bit errors in the transmitted signal, and it cannot be transmitted accurately at 100 percent. For example, when transmitting 100 client traffic code blocks, only 95 code blocks are accurate, while the other 5 code blocks contain errors due to signal degradation, resulting in an accuracy rate of only 95% for information transmission over the network. For instance, attenuation of the optical power of an optical module can increase the signal-to-noise ratio during signal transmission, causing some of the transmitted information to be affected by noise interference and result in errors. In such cases, information can still be transmitted between the source and sink devices, and the link interruption cannot be detected, but the accuracy rate of the transmitted information decreases.

[0090] In practical applications, the TCM layer detects signal bit errors on the path, determines the quality of service of the link path based on the bit error rate of signal transmission within the optical fiber, and, if the bit error rate reaches a certain threshold, determines that the signal transmission quality of the service layer has deteriorated significantly and must initiate protection switching. Existing standards implement bit error detection in the channel layer OAM, designing a bit error measurement algorithm to test the number of bit errors in the line signal and calculating the bit error rate. Current channel layer OAM bit error measurement algorithms calculate the BIP value (BIP: Bit-Interleaved Parity) for all code blocks between two OAM code blocks according to a pre-designed calculation algorithm at the transmitting side, and then transmit it to the receiving side. The receiving side also calculates the BIP value for all code blocks between two OAM code blocks according to a similar pre-calculation algorithm and compares the BIP result calculated by the receiving side with the BIP value transmitted by the transmitting side. If, under the same algorithm, the BIP value newly calculated by the receiver and the BIP value calculated by the transmitter are the same, then the contents of these client traffic code blocks indicate that there were no transmission changes and no transmission errors when propagating the link. If the BIP value newly calculated by the receiver and the BIP value calculated by the transmitter are different, then the difference indicates that the client signal code block in the link has changed, i.e., an error has occurred and a bit error has appeared.

[0091] As shown in Figure 17, which is a schematic diagram of bit error detection at the channel layer, first it is determined that the range to monitor the client code block is all code blocks between two adjacent OAM code blocks, all code blocks between the two adjacent OAM code blocks are calculated according to a pre-configured BIP algorithm, the calculated BIP result is placed in a third OAM code block, and the carried BIP calculation result is transmitted to the receiver by the third OAM code block. The receiver calculates the BIP value of all code blocks between the two OAM code blocks in the same monitoring interval based on the same principles and algorithms, compares the BIP value calculated by the receiver with the BIP value calculated by the transmitter, and by comparing the difference between the BIP value calculated by the receiver and the BIP value calculated by the transmitter, the number of bit errors that occurred when transmitting the client code block is given, and the number of bit errors is accumulated to calculate the bit error rate of the client signal transmitted at the service layer. All client code blocks between two OAM code blocks are monitored, including S blocks, D blocks, T blocks, O code blocks, idle blocks, etc.

[0092] As shown in Figure 18, Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of an OAM code block carrying the BIP calculation result from the transmitting side, which, according to China Mobile standards, is carried by an OAM code block of subtype base. The BIP8 calculation result from the transmitting side is carried at the position of bits 50 to 57 (a total of 8 bits) within the code block. The OAM code block of subtype base has reserved fields, for example, bits 26 to 31, bits 38 to 41, and bits 42 to 49, and the contents of these bits have not yet been used. In this TCM layer, these reserved bits can be used to transmit the BIP calculation result from the TCM layer transmitting side, and the bit error monitoring function of the TCM layer can also be realized. In a specific implementation, as shown in Figure 19, device 1 in the figure is a channel layer transmitting device, which transmits a channel layer OAM code block, and the TCM field within the code block indicates that the code block is a channel layer OAM code block. In this way, the TCM function of the first layer is enabled. Device 3 is a TCM layer transmitting device, and Device 7 is a TCM layer receiving device. The TCM layer implements the TCM layer quality of service monitoring function between Device 3 and Device 7. After receiving an OAM code block from Device 1, Device 3 modifies the TCM field value within the OAM code block and corrects the channel layer OAM code block type to the TCM layer OAM code block type. Device 3 simultaneously calculates the BIP value (denoted as BIP-1, i.e., the BIP calculation result of the first layer TCM) for all client traffic code blocks between the two OAM code blocks, obtains the BIP calculation result of the TCM layer transmitting device, and similarly places the BIP value calculated on the TCM layer transmitting side in the reserved field of the modified OAM code block, for example, at the 42nd-49th bit position within the OAM code block. For example, in Figure 20, the reserved field at the 42nd-49th bit position within the OAM code block has 8 digits and can accommodate the calculated value of BIP8. By enabling the reserved field within the OAM code block, the TCM layer BIP calculation result is incorporated, and thus, device 3 simultaneously carries the TCM layer BIP calculation reception when transmitting the OAM code block.Device 7 is a receiving device of the TCM layer. Device 7 also calculates the BIP value of the TCM layer using the same method, and by comparing the BIP value calculated by the receiver with the BIP value calculated by the transmitter, it can obtain the number of bit errors in the TCM layer that transmits client traffic. In turn, it can calculate the bit error rate of the TCM layer that transmits client code blocks and provide reference data for protection switching of the TCM layer.

[0093] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram illustrating how bit error monitoring functionality is implemented using a layered TCM as shown in one exemplary embodiment. In applications, it may be necessary to enable multiple layers of TCM functionality. For example, in Figure 21, three layers of TCM functionality need to be enabled, and each TCM layer must implement bit error monitoring functionality. Thus, each transmitting device of the first TCM layer calculates the BIP value of this TCM layer, carries it within the OAM code block, and transmits it to the receiving device of the corresponding TCM layer. The receiving device of the corresponding TCM layer completes the BIP value calculation according to a similar algorithm, compares the calculation result of the receiving device with the calculation result of the transmitting device, and gives the number of bit errors of this TCM layer, thereby obtaining the bit error rate of this TCM layer. In Figure 21, three layers of TCM functionality need to be enabled, with the transmitting device of the first layer TCM calculating the BIP value of the first layer TCM, i.e., BIP-1; the transmitting device of the second layer TCM calculating the BIP value of the second layer TCM, i.e., BIP-2; and the transmitting device of the third layer TCM calculating the BIP value of the third layer TCM, i.e., BIP-3. When the bit error monitoring function of the 3-layer TCM is enabled, the OAM code block needs to separately and simultaneously carry the BIP calculation results of the 3-layer TCM (BIP-1, BIP-2, BIP-3) (excluding the channel layer BIP value). If all BIP algorithms use BIP8, the result of BIP8 is 8 bits, and when the 3-layer TCM function is enabled and the BIP8 algorithm is used, the BIP result has a total of 24 bits, and the OAM code block needs an additional 24 bits of idle space to transmit the 3-layer TCM BIP value. In the current standard, an OAM code block of type base only has reserved bits 26-31, 38-41, and 42-49, for a total of 6+4+8=18 reserved bit positions, and cannot transmit the BIP values ​​of three BIP8s (total of 24 bits). In practical applications, the BIP calculation algorithm may be the BI8 algorithm (where the BIP calculation result is an 8-digit number), the BIP6 algorithm (where the BIP calculation result is a 6-digit number), or the BIP4 algorithm (where the BIP calculation result is a 4-digit number).The number of digits in a BIP algorithm is related to its bit error detection capability. A BIP algorithm can accurately detect bit errors only at low bit error rates, and there is an upper limit bottleneck in the bit error rate during normal operation. For a single-bit BIP1 calculation algorithm (where the calculation result is only a single-digit value), if a parity calculation algorithm is used, the error can be detected from the parity calculation result if an error occurs in only one digit of the data being calculated. However, if errors occur in both digits of the data, the error cannot be detected, and the parity calculation algorithm can only detect a single bit error. To improve the error detection capability of the BIP algorithm, a multi-digit BIP algorithm is used. The more digits in the BIP calculation result, the larger the number of bit errors that can be detected, and the corresponding bit error rate also increases. Conversely, the fewer digits in the BIP calculation result, the smaller the maximum bit error rate that can be detected. Considering the limited number of reserved bits in the OAM code block under the current standard, as shown in Figure 20, when only the 1-layer TCM function is enabled, the BIP algorithm is BIP8, and 8 reserved bits in the OAM code block are enabled to transmit the BIP8 calculation result transmitted by the TCM layer. As shown in the upper part of Figure 22, when only the 2-layer TCM function is enabled, the BIP algorithm is BIP8, and 16 reserved bits in the OAM code block are enabled to transmit the BIP8 calculation result transmitted by the TCM layer. As shown in the lower part of Figure 22, when the 3-layer TCM function is enabled, the BIP algorithm for the 1st layer TCM is BIP8, and the BIP algorithms for the 2nd and 3rd layer TCMs are BIP4, and 8+4+4=16 reserved bits in the OAM code block are enabled to transmit the BIP calculation result transmitted by the TCM layer. When multiple layers of TCM are enabled and the number of data digits in the BIP algorithm of each layer of TCM differs, the first layer TCM layer has the longest monitoring completion path of all TCM layers, and the third layer TCM layer has the shortest monitoring completion path of all TCM layers.Under the same conditions, the longer the monitoring path and the greater the total number of end-to-end bit errors, the greater the end-to-end bit error rate. To avoid the bit error rate reaching the monitoring upper threshold, the number of digits in the BIP algorithm needs to be as large as possible. When the number of digits in the BIP algorithm for enabling the first layer TCM is the largest and the number of digits for enabling the third layer TCM is the smallest, the BIP algorithm effect of the three-layer TCM is fully realized, i.e., the first layer TCM adopts BIP8 and the second and third layer TCMs adopt BIP4. In some scenarios, to simplify the complexity of circuit processing for ease of processing, the three-layer TCMs adopt the same BIP algorithm. For example, as shown in Figure 23, if all three-layer TCMs adopt the BIP4 algorithm, the three-layer TCMs only need to transmit the BIP algorithm results of the TCM layers with a total of 4+4+4=12 reserved digits. Of course, as shown in Figure 24, if all three layers of TCM employ the BIP6 algorithm, the three layers of TCM need to transmit the BIP algorithm result of the TCM layer using only a total of 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 reserved digits. Whether the TCM layer's BIP algorithm uses BIP8, BIP6, or BIP4, all of these fall within the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0094] When obtaining a BIP algorithm with fewer digits after obtaining the results of multiple BIP algorithms with different bit widths, the result of the longer BIP algorithm can be directly shortened; that is, the result of a longer BIP algorithm can be shortened to the result of a shorter BIP algorithm using a simple algorithm. For example, when obtaining a BIP calculation result using the BIP8 algorithm, the calculation result is an 8-digit data value, represented as BIP8[7:0]. When the result of a calculation using BIP4 is required, the calculation result is a 4-digit data value represented as BIP4[3:0]. The result of the BIP8 algorithm can be easily reduced to the result of the BIP4 algorithm by performing a calculation on two digits of the BIP8 algorithm result to reduce it to one digit. Examples include the calculation results of BIP4[0]=BIP8[0] and BIP8[1], the calculation results of BIP4[1]=BIP8[2] and BIP8[3], the calculation results of BIP4[2]=BIP8[4] and BIP8[5], and the calculation results of BIP4[3]=BIP8[6] and BIP8[7]. Of course, other combinations are also possible, for example, the result of the calculation BIP4[0]=BIP8[0] and BIP8[4], the result of the calculation BIP4[1]=BIP8[1] and BIP8[5], the result of the calculation BIP4[2]=BIP8[2] and BIP8[6], the result of the calculation BIP4[3]=BIP8[3] and BIP8[7], and so on. If a BIP is required in the TCM layer, a similar method can be employed to perform operations on the four bit values ​​in BIP8 to obtain a two-bit value (otherwise unchanged), for example, the results of operations such as BIP6[0]=BIP8[0], BIP6[1]=BIP8[1], BIP6[2]=BIP8[2], BIP6[3]=BIP8[3], BIP6[4]=BIP8[4] and BIP8[6], and the results of operations such as BIP6[5]=BIP8[5] and BIP8[7].

[0095] Furthermore, related technologies provide other OAM code block formats, as shown in Figure 14, and for OAM code blocks of such formats, the reserved positions of bits 38-41 of the OAM code block can be extended to TCM functionality, as shown in Figure 15. In this implementation, the contents of bits 38-41 in the OAM code block are extended to a TCM identifier field, and the value of the TCM identifier field can include any one of the following: 0001: Represented as OAM for the first layer TCM function, 0010: Represented as OAM for the Layer 2 TCM function, 0011: Represented as OAM for the third layer TCM function, 0000: Represented as channel layer OAM, i.e., the content of the reserved value in the current Chinese mobile standard. 0100~1111: Reservations

[0096] The content of the TCM identifier field shown in Figure 15 is a single substitutable content, and in specific implementation, the extended content may be other content. For example, "0101" represents the OAM for the first layer TCM function, "1010" represents the OAM for the second layer TCM function, and "1111" represents the OAM for the third layer TCM function. Also, as shown in Figure 16, the position of the TCM identifier field may be any bit position among bits 42 to 65 in the code block.

[0097] The International Union of Tutors (ITU) specifies that the channel layer OAM code block format of an MTN device has many reserved bits, with a total of 24 reserved bits between bits 42 and 65, which can support the calculation results of three sets of BIP8. When three-layer TCM functionality is supported and bit error detection is enabled for each layer TCM, the transmitting device of each layer TCM can calculate the BIP value of this layer, and the BIP calculation result of the transmitting side is placed in the reserved field, and as shown in Figure 25, the BIP calculation results of the three-layer TCM transmitting device, such as BIP-1, BIP-2, and BIP-3, are placed there.

[0098] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application defines different OAM code block types for different tiers by extending the TCM identifier field, modifies the original OAM code block to the OAM code block type of the current tier in source devices within the network of the corresponding tier, extracts and isolates the OAM block of the current tier in sink devices within the network of the current tier, and analyzes the extracted OAM to realize quality of service monitoring and protection switching in the event of failure in the current tier network. When realizing tiered TCM functionality in network tiering, the original OAM code block is modified to the OAM code block type of the current tier at each tier. As the number of tiers increases, the number of inserted OAM code blocks remains the same, and the maintenance management function of the TCM layer can be realized without inserting additional OAM code blocks. The OAM code blocks defined in the current standard include several types, such as the base code block, protection switching code block, delay measurement code block, and client identifier code block, each addressing the functional needs of bit error detection, channel connection monitoring, connection verification, distal end bit error detection, distal end failure detection, delay measurement, rapid protection switching, client signal expiration, and client signaling, respectively. The channel layer generally needs to implement all functional needs, while other TCM layered networks generally only need to implement rapid protection switching functionality and do not need to implement functions such as delay measurement. Thus, in TCM layering, only one or two OAM code blocks from the base code block and protection switching code block need to be modified, and delay measurement, client identifier code blocks, etc. do not need to be modified. In this way, the number of OAM code blocks that need to be modified when enabling multi-layer TCM functionality is significantly reduced.

[0099] While several possible locations for the target field were listed in the above implementation, the target field is not limited to these, and in specific applications, it may be located in other positions within the OAM code block.

[0100] Furthermore, although the above examples of embodiments of the present application describe three TCM segments as examples, the invention is not limited to these, and in specific applications, it can be flexibly configured according to the number of transmission nodes included in the service channel carrying the traffic. For example, assuming that the service channel includes a total of seven transmission nodes (i.e., communication devices), two TCM segments can be configured, if the service channel includes eleven transmission nodes, three TCM segments can be configured, or four TCM segments can be configured, and if the service channel includes more transmission nodes, more TCM segments can be configured, and two or three segments can be maintained. The number of bits occupied by the corresponding target field can be determined according to the number of TCM segments included, and is not specifically limited to the embodiments of the present application.

[0101] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of a service quality monitoring system shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application, and as shown in Figure 26, the system 1700 mainly comprises a first communication device 1701 and a third communication device 1702, the first communication device 1701 is used to implement the steps of the method performed by the first communication device, specifically refer to the description in the above embodiment of the method and omit the description here. The third communication device 1702 is used to implement the steps of the method performed by the third communication device, specifically refer to the description in the above embodiment of the method and omit the description here.

[0102] Figure 27 shows a block diagram of a communication device 1800 as shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present application. The communication device can be implemented as a cloud terminal management platform or a cloud server on which cloud terminals are built in the above-described solution of the present application. The communication device 1800 includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 1801, a system memory 1804 including Random Access Memory (RAM) 1802 and Read-Only Memory (ROM) 1803, and a system bus 1805 connecting the system memory 1804 and the Central Processing Unit 1801. The communication device 1800 further includes a mass storage device 1806 for storing an operating system 1809, a client 1810, and other program modules 1811.

[0103] Generally speaking, the computer-readable medium may include computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media include volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented by any method or technique for storing information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media include RAM, ROM, Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other solid-state storage technologies, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or other optical memory, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, magnetic disk memory or other magnetic storage devices. Of course, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the computer storage media are not limited to those described above. The system memory 1804 and mass storage device 1806 described above may be collectively referred to as memory.

[0104] According to various embodiments of this disclosure, the communication device 1800 can be connected to and operated by a remote computer on a network, such as the Internet. That is, the communication device 1800 can be connected to a network 1808 via a network interface unit 1807 connected to the system bus 1805, or it can be connected to other types of networks or remote computer systems (not shown) using the network interface unit 1807.

[0105] The memory further includes at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set, the at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set being stored in the memory, and the central processor 1801 executes the at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set to implement all or some of the steps of the traffic code block stream transmission method or quality of service monitoring method shown in each of the above embodiments.

[0106] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided, the computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer program, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement all or some steps of the method for transmitting the traffic code blockstream described above, or all or some steps of the method for monitoring the quality of service described above. For example, the computer-readable storage medium may be read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage device, etc.

[0107] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is further provided, the computer program product comprising at least one computer program, the computer program being loaded by a processor and performing all or some steps of the above-described traffic code blockstream transmission method or all or some steps of the above-described quality of service monitoring method.

[0108] A person skilled in the art will readily conceive of other solutions of the Application after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. The Application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptive changes of the Application, such variations, uses, or adaptive changes, which follow the general principles of the Application and include common or customary technical means in the art not disclosed herein. The Specification and Examples are to be considered merely illustrative, and the true scope and spirit of the Application are set forth by the Claims.

[0109] Please understand that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made as long as they do not exceed that scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting a traffic code block stream applicable to a first communication device, The steps include receiving a target traffic code block stream transmitted from a second communication device, wherein the first and second communication devices are communication devices in a service pipeline carrying the target traffic, and the first communication device is configured as a source for a target tandem connection monitor TCM segment. The step of modifying the original OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream into a first OAM code block, wherein the value of the target field of the first OAM code block is a target value corresponding to the target tandem connection monitor TCM segment. A method for transmitting a traffic code block stream, comprising the step of transmitting the modified target traffic code block stream.

2. The method for transmitting a traffic code block stream according to claim 1, wherein the target field is a reserved field of the OAM code block.

3. The method for transmitting a traffic code block stream according to claim 2, wherein the reserved field is the 10th to 11th bits of the OAM code block.

4. The method for transmitting a traffic code block stream according to claim 2, wherein the reserved field is bits 38 to 41 of the OAM code block.

5. The method for transmitting a traffic code block stream according to claim 1, wherein the target field is a feature field of the OAM code block.

6. The method for transmitting a traffic code block stream according to claim 5, wherein the feature field is bits 34 to 37 of the OAM code block.

7. The aforementioned target value is A first value configured to indicate that the OAM code block is the code block of the first segment TCM, A second value configured to indicate that the OAM code block is the code block of the second segment TCM, and A method for transmitting a traffic code block stream according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising one of a third value configured to indicate that the OAM code block is a code block of a third segment TCM.

8. The method for transmitting a traffic code block stream according to claim 7, wherein, in the method described above, if the value of the target field of the original OAM code block is the fourth value, the target value is the first value, where the fourth value is configured to indicate that the OAM code block is a code block of a channel layer OAM.

9. In the aforementioned traffic code block stream transmission method, If the value of the target field of the original OAM code block is the first value, then the target value is the second value. The method for transmitting a traffic code block stream according to claim 7, wherein if the value of the target field of the original OAM code block is a second value, the target value is a third value.

10. In the aforementioned target traffic code block stream, the step of modifying the original OAM code block to a first OAM code block is: A method for transmitting a traffic code block stream according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the step of modifying the initial value of the target field of an OAM code block to the target value in the target traffic code block stream so that the original OAM code block is modified into a first OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream.

11. In the aforementioned target traffic code block stream, the step of correcting the initial value of the target field of the OAM code block to the target value is: A method for transmitting a traffic code block stream according to claim 10, comprising the step of periodically correcting the initial value of the target field of the OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream to the target value according to a preset code block interval.

12. A service quality monitoring method applicable to third-party communication equipment, A step of receiving a transmitted target traffic code block stream from a fourth communication device, wherein the third and fourth communication devices are communication devices in a service pipeline carrying the target traffic, and the third communication device is configured as a sink for the target TCM segment. A step of monitoring the quality of service of a target TCM segment by detecting a first OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream, wherein the value of the target field of the first OAM code block is a target value corresponding to the target TCM segment. A service quality monitoring method comprising the steps of: restoring the first OAM code block to the original OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream; and transmitting the restored target traffic code block stream to a fifth communication device, wherein the original OAM code block is the OAM code block before it is modified into the first OAM code block; and the fifth communication device is a communication device located downstream of the third communication device in the service pipeline.

13. The service quality monitoring method according to claim 12, wherein the target field is a reserved field of the OAM code block.

14. The service quality monitoring method according to claim 13, wherein the reserved field is the 10th to 11th bits of the OAM code block.

15. The service quality monitoring method according to claim 13, wherein the reserved field is bits 38 to 41 of the OAM code block.

16. The service quality monitoring method according to claim 12, wherein the target field is a feature field of an OAM code block.

17. The service quality monitoring method according to claim 16, wherein the feature field is bits 34 to 37 of the OAM code block.

18. The aforementioned target value is A first value configured to indicate that the OAM code block is the code block of the first segment TCM, A second value configured to indicate that the OAM code block is the code block of the second segment TCM, and A service quality monitoring method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, comprising one of a third value configured to indicate that the OAM code block is a code block of the third segment TCM.

19. The aforementioned service quality monitoring method is: The service quality monitoring method according to claim 18, further comprising the step of configuring the target field of the original OAM code block to indicate that the target value is a first value, where the fourth value is a channel layer OAM code block.

20. In the aforementioned service quality monitoring method, If the value of the target field of the original OAM code block is the first value, then the target value is the second value. The service quality monitoring method according to claim 18, wherein if the value of the target field of the original OAM code block is a second value, the target value is a third value.

21. In the target traffic code block stream, the step of restoring the first OAM code block to the original OAM code block is: A service quality monitoring method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, comprising the step of restoring the target value of the target field of the OAM code block to an initial value, in the target traffic code block stream, so as to restore the first OAM code block to the original OAM code block, where the initial value is the value before it was modified to the target value.

22. The step of monitoring the quality of service of the target TCM segment by detecting the first OAM code block in the target traffic code block stream is: The steps include detecting a first OAM code block included in the target traffic code block stream, A service quality monitoring method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, comprising the step of determining whether there is a fault in the traffic-carrying pipeline between the source of the target TCM segment and the sink of the target TCM segment, based on the detected first OAM code block.

23. The service quality monitoring method according to claim 22, further comprising the step of switching the traffic-carrying pipeline between the source of the target TCM segment and the sink of the target TCM segment if it is determined that there is a failure in the traffic-carrying pipeline between the source of the target TCM segment and the sink of the target TCM segment.

24. A service quality monitoring system, A first communication device configured to perform the traffic code block stream transmission method described in any one of claims 1 to 11, A service quality monitoring system comprising a third communication device configured to perform the service quality monitoring method described in any one of claims 12 to 23.

25. It is a communication device, The communication device includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instruction executable on the processor, and the program or instruction, when executed by the processor, realizes the traffic code block stream transmission method described in any one of claims 1 to 11, and / or the service quality monitoring method described in any one of claims 12 to 23.

26. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein a program or instruction is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and the program or instruction, when executed by a processor, realizes the traffic code block stream transmission method described in any one of claims 1 to 11, and / or the service quality monitoring method described in any one of claims 12 to 23.

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