A method for adjusting and / or controlling a pulsed arc welding process, and a welding apparatus for carrying out a pulsed arc welding process.
By detecting and resolving short circuits through backward movement of the welding wire, the method stabilizes the pulsed arc welding process, reducing spatter and maintaining quality by managing arc length effectively.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2025574455
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-06-20
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing pulsed arc welding processes face issues with short circuits between the welding wire and the workpiece, leading to welding spatter and instability, particularly when the arc length is short, which adversely affect welding quality and process stability.
The method involves detecting a short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece and moving the welding wire away from the workpiece at a predetermined backward speed to resolve the short circuit, followed by returning to the forward direction, using highly dynamic feed motors to manage the wire movement.
This approach minimizes the duration and frequency of short circuits, reducing welding spatter and maintaining process stability and quality by ensuring the arc length remains consistent, thus enhancing the overall welding process.
Smart Images
Figure 2026523187000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[Technical Field]
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for adjusting and / or controlling a pulsed arc welding process using a consumable welding wire on a workpiece, comprising periodically applying current pulses at a predetermined welding frequency and a pulsed current increased relative to the base current to form an arc and detach drops of the consumable welding wire, thereby moving the consumable welding wire in the direction of the workpiece at a predetermined forward speed.
[0002] The present invention further relates to a welding apparatus for performing a pulsed arc welding process, comprising a welding current source, a welding torch for supplying consumable welding wire to a workpiece, and a control device for controlling and / or adjusting welding parameters during the pulsed arc welding process. [Background technology]
[0003] European Patent No. 3782756 and U.S. Patent No. 9035220 describe a short-circuit arc welding method in which arc phases and short-circuit phases are periodically alternated. Drops of consumable welding wire pass through the workpiece during the short-circuit phase.
[0004] The present invention relates to welding methods using consumable welding wire (MIG / MAG welding methods), and more particularly to pulse welding methods and spray arc welding methods in which the welding wire is transported toward the workpiece at a substantially constant supply rate and current pulses are periodically applied to assist in drop separation. Pulse arc welding processes are used for various materials (steel, stainless steel, aluminum) with a wide range of performance, and are particularly used in automated welding processes with high melting rates and plate thicknesses of approximately 2 mm or more. Variations of pulse welding methods include AC pulse welding methods in which the welding current is reversed to a negative value in the base current phase, or pulse welding processes in which other current forms are applied in addition to the current pulse phase and base current phase. Two-wire solutions using two welding wires may also be within the scope of the present invention. For example, in a so-called twin welding process, two independently operating arc welding processes are combined with two welding wires in a single process.
[0005] In pulsed arc welding, a current pulse having a predetermined welding frequency and a pulsed current increased compared to the base current is periodically applied to the consumable welding wire, and as a result, constriction of the droplet (the "pinch effect") occurs, and finally the droplet of the molten welding wire material detaches. Ideally, the transfer of the droplet from the end of the welding wire to the workpiece occurs "on the fly" without forming a short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece. In particular, when the distance between the free end of the welding wire and the surface of the workpiece to be welded is small, that is, when the arc length is short, a short circuit between the welding wire and the molten pool is inevitable during detachment of the droplet of the molten material of the welding wire. The closer the starting point of the arc is to the molten pool on the workpiece, the more likely a short circuit will occur between the welding wire and the workpiece. Usually, such a short circuit is eliminated without changing the welding current before welding errors and process failures occur. This is particularly prominent when the arc length is long. However, when the change in the arc is small, the constriction of the droplet is small, so the short circuit continues for a long time and cannot be released independently. In this case, the short circuit is eliminated by increasing the welding current. The increase in current to eliminate the short circuit causes welding spatter and instability of the welding process, which has an adverse effect on the welding quality. It is important to eliminate the short circuit at least before the next current pulse; otherwise, the welding spatter and instability have a particularly strong impact.
[0006] European Patent No. 1677941 describes a method for controlling a pulsed arc welding process, in which the position of the end of the welding wire relative to the workpiece is determined, so that accurate control of the arc length can be achieved. A short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece is detected. After the short circuit is eliminated, the welding wire can be moved away from the workpiece to a certain distance or an adjustable distance.
[0007] A pulsed arc welding method in which the polarities of the welding current and the welding voltage are alternately changed has become known, for example, from Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-086271.
[0008] European Patent No. 3431214 describes a combination of a short-circuit arc welding process and a pulsed arc welding process. In the pulsed arc welding process, the welding wire is conveyed towards the workpiece at a constant forward speed.
[0009] U.S. Patent No. 8124913 also deals with combinations of different welding processes in order to optimally control the introduction of heat into the workpiece.
Summary of the Invention
[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide the above-described method and the above-described welding apparatus, whereby a short circuit that may occur between the welding wire and the workpiece can be kept as short as possible, or as constant as possible, or as stable as possible, and the welding quality and the stability of the welding process are impaired as little as possible. This should be ensured as far as possible without current pulses, or at least without strong current pulses. The effort required for this should be minimized as much as possible. The disadvantages of the prior art should be avoided or at least reduced.
[0011] The object of the present invention is achieved by the above-described method for adjusting and / or controlling a pulsed arc welding process, in which, after a short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece is detected, the welding wire is moved away from the workpiece at a predetermined backward speed, and after the resolution of the short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece is detected, the welding wire is moved back toward the workpiece. According to the present invention, when a short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece is detected, the welding wire is moved away from the workpiece at a predetermined backward speed, thereby assisting in the resolution of the short circuit. This phenomenon occurs faster the faster the welding wire supply speed is accelerated from normal forward movement to reverse movement, and the faster the predetermined backward speed. As soon as the short circuit is resolved, the movement of the welding wire changes again to the forward direction, i.e., toward the workpiece. All that is required is the ability to detect a short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece, which can be easily done using welding parameters that are normally recorded, in particular the welding voltage or arc voltage. Furthermore, a suitable supply device for transporting the welding wire is required, which can dynamically move the welding wire toward and away from the workpiece. For example, a gearless direct motor placed directly on the welding torch can achieve highly dynamic drive. The open-loop or closed-loop control method according to the present invention contributes to maintaining, as constant and stable as possible, the short circuit that inevitably occurs between the welding wire and the molten pool, especially in the case of very short arc lengths in pulsed arc welding processes, thereby minimizing adverse effects on welding quality and welding process stability. In particular, it can prevent the short circuit from still being present when the next current pulse begins due to the backward movement of the welding wire, which would have a particularly adverse effect on welding quality.
[0012] A short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece is preferably detected when the welding voltage drops, particularly when the welding voltage falls below a predetermined voltage threshold. The predetermined voltage threshold can be, for example, 12V and can be varied depending on the material used and the welding wire diameter.
[0013] According to a further feature of the present invention, the welding wire is moved away from the workpiece at a predetermined reverse speed corresponding to 1 to 100 times a predetermined forward speed. The greater the reverse speed and acceleration, the faster the detected short circuit is resolved. Therefore, a correspondingly high demand is placed on the wire supply.
[0014] After the elimination of the short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece is detected, the welding wire is preferably moved again towards the workpiece at a predetermined forward speed. This represents the simplest possible implementation of the method.
[0015] Alternatively, the welding wire can be moved toward the workpiece for a predetermined first time and / or a predetermined first distance at a predetermined first increasing forward speed, and then moved again toward the workpiece at the predetermined forward speed after the clearing of the short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece is detected. This measure prevents or compensates for the increased distance between the end of the welding wire and the workpiece, which would result in a longer arc length when the arc is reignited after the welding wire has moved backward for a short time. Therefore, the effort required for adjustment or control is only slightly increased.
[0016] By moving the welding wire toward the workpiece at a predetermined second increasing forward speed before a short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece is detected, a short circuit can be forced to occur and maintained in a stable or constant state.
[0017] In this case, a predetermined second increasing feed rate of the welding wire is preferably triggered by the initiation of a current pulse, where the predetermined second increasing feed rate is predetermined for a predetermined second duration before or after the initiation of the current pulse. The increased speed of the welding wire's movement toward the workpiece shortens the arc length and facilitates the formation of a short circuit as quickly as possible after the current pulse is generated or after the drop detaches from the welding wire. The duration of the welding wire's movement at a predetermined second increasing feed rate may be determined by a predetermined third duration or a predetermined second distance.
[0018] Advantageously, the welding wire is moved toward the workpiece at a first increasing forward speed or a second increasing forward speed that is 1 to 100 times faster than a given forward speed.
[0019] According to one embodiment of the method of the present invention, a welding wire is provided to be moved in the direction of the workpiece for a predetermined first duration and / or a predetermined first distance at a predetermined first increasing forward speed, depending on the duration of the backward movement of the welding wire after the detection of a short circuit, preferably 50% to 95%, and particularly preferably 70% to 80% of the duration of the backward movement of the welding wire. Thus, the duration for which the welding wire is moved at a predetermined first increasing forward speed is configured as a function of the duration of the backward movement of the welding wire after the detection of a short circuit of the welding wire relative to the workpiece.
[0020] False detection of a short circuit can be prevented by maintaining a predetermined first time delay after a short circuit is detected between the welding wire and the workpiece, and then moving the welding wire away from the workpiece at a predetermined reverse speed only if the short circuit is still detected. In this way, reversal of the welding wire's movement is prevented via a predetermined and adjustable first delay time before the start of the welding wire's reverse movement, only if a very short short circuit occurs and the short circuit is resolved again on its own. An ideal value for the specified first time delay is, for example, in the range between 0.1 ms and 0.5 ms.
[0021] Similarly, after the resolution of a short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece is detected, a specific predetermined second time delay can be maintained, and the welding wire can only be moved again toward the workpiece if the resolution of the short circuit is still detected. The reverse movement can be maintained for a specific time to ensure that the movement of the welding wire does not reverse again toward the workpiece until the short circuit is reliably resolved, via a predetermined and adjustable second time delay at the start of the forward movement after the reverse movement of the welding wire. An ideal value for the predetermined second time delay may be, for example, in the range between 0.1 ms and 0.5 ms.
[0022] During the backward movement of the welding wire while it is short-circuited between the welding wire and the workpiece, the welding current can be increased to a short-circuit current higher than the base current, or decreased to a short-circuit current lower than the base current.
[0023] This increase can be 10% to 90% compared to a preset base current, and the decrease can be 10% to 90% compared to a preset base current.
[0024] The welding frequency at which current pulses are periodically applied is typically between 1 Hz and 500 Hz. Depending on the welding frequency used, the period is between 2 ms and 1 s. Therefore, any short circuits that occur must be completely resolved at the latest by the time the next current pulse is generated. This can be achieved with highly dynamic feed motors, such as direct drive motors, as already mentioned.
[0025] A suitable value for the backward speed of the welding wire is between 1 m / s and 120 m / s, particularly between 15 m / s and 50 m / s.
[0026] A suitable value for the acceleration of the welding wire is 33.3 m / s². 2 and 4000 m / s 2 Between these two points, especially at 500 m / s 2 From 750 m / s 2 It lies between these two values. Beyond these values, a highly dynamic feed motor, such as a gearless direct drive, would be required.
[0027] The objectives of the present invention are also achieved by the welding apparatus described above, the control device of which is designed to adjust and / or control the method described above. For the advantages achieved as a result, please refer to the above description of the method for adjusting and / or controlling the pulsed arc welding process. Since the described method is implemented largely in software form, the corresponding effort and cost are limited.
[0028] The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]
[0029] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a welding apparatus for performing a pulsed arc welding process using conventional consumable welding wire. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows the time course of welding current, welding voltage, wire feed rate, and the position of the end of the welding wire relative to the workpiece in an ideal pulsed arc welding process. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows the time course of the welding current, welding voltage, wire feed rate, and the position of the end of the welding wire relative to the workpiece in a pulsed arc welding process where an undesirable, prolonged short circuit occurs between the welding wire and the workpiece, and the current is increased to resolve the short circuit according to the prior art. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows the time course of the welding current, welding voltage, wire feed rate, and the position of the end of the welding wire relative to the workpiece in a pulsed arc welding process using a first embodiment of the method according to the present invention when a short circuit occurs between the welding wire and the workpiece. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows the time course of the welding current, welding voltage, wire feed rate, and the position of the end of the welding wire relative to the workpiece in a pulsed arc welding process using a further embodiment of the method according to the present invention when a short circuit occurs between the welding wire and the workpiece. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows the time course of the welding current, welding voltage, wire feed rate, and position of the end of the welding wire relative to the workpiece in a pulsed arc welding process using another embodiment of the method according to the present invention, in which the formation of a short circuit between the welding wire and the workpiece is forced by the faster forward movement of the welding wire. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows a modified example of the method described in Figure 6. [Modes for carrying out the invention]
[0030] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a welding apparatus 1 for performing a pulsed arc welding process using a consumable welding wire 4 according to the prior art. The welding torch 3 is connected via a hose package 6 to a welding current source 2 and a wire reel 7 for the consumable welding wire 4. A power supply unit 8 is arranged within the welding current source 2, which provides the required welding current I and welding voltage U and supplies them to the welding wire 4 within the welding torch 3. The control device 9 provides the parameters necessary for the welding process and adjusts or controls the welding process accordingly. During the welding process, an arc L burns between the free end of the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W. In pulsed arc welding, a current pulse IM of increased pulsed current I P is periodically applied to the consumable welding wire 4, resulting in a constriction of the droplet due to the magnetic field generated thereby (the "pinch effect"), and finally the droplet T of the molten welding wire material detaches and migrates to the molten pool on the workpiece W.
[0031] Figure 2 shows the time course of the welding current I, welding voltage U, wire feed rate v D , and the position of the end of the welding wire 4 relative to the workpiece W in an ideal pulsed arc welding process. According to a predetermined welding frequency f or pulse frequency, a current pulse IM of pulsed current I G higher than the base current I P is periodically applied to the consumable welding wire 4, as a result of which the melted welding wire material contracts and detaches from the droplet T. In this case, the transfer of the droplet T from the end of the welding wire 4 to the workpiece W occurs "on the fly" without forming a short circuit KS between the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W. The arc L burns continuously between the end of the welding wire 4 and the surface of the workpiece W, and the welding wire 4 moves towards the workpiece W at a constant forward speed v D,V .
[0032] Figure 3 shows the welding current I, welding voltage U, wire feed rate v DThis shows the time course of the position of the end of the welding wire 4 relative to the workpiece W. After a short circuit KS occurs between the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W, which can be detected by a decrease in the welding voltage U, the welding current I is increased, for example, in a ramp-like manner to resolve or assist in resolving the short circuit KS. Once the short circuit KS is resolved, welding spatter S is generated due to the high welding current I, which adversely affects the quality and stability of the welding process. After the short circuit KS is resolved, the next current pulse IM is increased according to the welding frequency f to separate the next drop T from the welding wire 4, resulting in a pulse current I P Until the base current I is applied, G The welding process then resumes.
[0033] Figure 4 shows the welding current I, welding voltage U, and wire feed rate v during a pulsed arc welding process using a first embodiment of the method according to the present invention, when an undesirable short circuit KS occurs between the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W. D This shows the time course of the position of the end of the welding wire 4 relative to the workpiece W. According to the present invention, after detection of a short circuit KS, the welding wire 4 moves at a predetermined backward speed v D,R It is then moved away from the workpiece W at a predetermined reverse speed v. D,R For example, a predetermined forward speed v D,V It can handle a range of 1 to 100 times, for example, between 1 m / min and 120 m / min, and especially between 15 m / min and 50 m / min. Detection of a short circuit KS between the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W is triggered by a decrease in the welding voltage U, particularly a predetermined voltage threshold U such as 12V. GR This is simply done by detecting a drop in the welding voltage U below a certain level. The welding wire 4 moves at a predetermined reverse speed v until the short circuit KS is resolved. D,R The workpiece W is then moved away from it, and the short circuit KS is resolved by, for example, the welding voltage U, or a predetermined voltage threshold U. GR It is detected again when it exceeds a certain value. After the short circuit KS between the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W is resolved, the welding wire 4 is moved again in the direction of the workpiece W. In an exemplary embodiment, the forward movement of the welding wire 4 is at a predetermined forward speed v used before the short circuit KS.D,V The process is repeated. The supply speed of the welding wire 4 is v D The predetermined forward speed v D,V From a predetermined reverse speed v D,R A change to a predetermined reverse speed v D,R from a predetermined forward speed v D,V The change to should occur as quickly as possible, preferably at 33.3 m / s 2 From 4000 m / s 2 , especially 500 m / s 2 From 750 m / s 2 Acceleration (v D / Δt D This is done by using a highly dynamic feed motor, such as a gearless direct drive.
[0034] During the backward movement of the welding wire 4 in a short circuit KS between the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W, the welding current I is equal to the base current I before the short circuit KS. G Short-circuit current I is greater than KS’ In particular, the preset base current I G Compared to that, the short-circuit current I is 10% to 90% larger. KS’ It can be increased up to this point. As a result, the duration of the short circuit KS can be shortened and the arc pressure after reignition can be increased. Similarly, during the backward movement of the welding wire 4, the welding current I can be increased, and the base current I before the short circuit KS can be increased. G A short-circuit current I smaller than KS” In particular, the preset base current I G Short-circuit current I is 10 to 90 percent smaller than KS” This can be reduced. As a result, welding spatter can be reduced. The larger short-circuit current I KS’ and the smaller short-circuit current I KS” The selection of the amplitude depends on many factors, particularly the materials or protective gases used, the operating point, and the characteristic curve. Increasing the current ensures that the short circuit KS is resolved within a given time, guaranteeing system stability.
[0035] According to the modified example shown by the dashed line, after a short circuit KS between the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W is detected, a predetermined first time delay Δt occurs.D1 (Preferably 0.1ms to 0.5ms) can be maintained, and only if a short circuit KS is still detected, the welding wire 4 is moved to a predetermined reverse speed v D,R This allows the wire to be moved away from the workpiece W. As a result, false detection of a short circuit KS can be prevented, and if only a very short short circuit KS occurs, the reversal of the welding wire's movement can be prevented.
[0036] Furthermore, after the elimination of the short circuit KS between the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W is detected, a predetermined second time delay Δt is performed. D2 A delay of (preferably 0.1 ms to 0.5 ms) can be arbitrarily maintained, and the welding wire 4 can be moved again in the direction of the workpiece W only if the resolution of the short circuit KS is still detected. This second predetermined adjustable time delay Δt of the start of the forward movement after the backward movement of the welding wire 4 D2 Through this, the reverse movement can be maintained for a certain period of time to ensure that the movement of the welding wire does not reverse again in the direction of the workpiece W until the short circuit KS is completely resolved. (First time delay Δt) D1 and the second hour delay Δt D2 These can be adjusted independently of each other. First time delay Δt D1 and the second hour delay Δt D2 The choice also depends on the operating point, i.e., the operating conditions of the system (voltage U, current I, and other characteristic curves). Depending on the operating point, the base current I G Because the time is limited, it may be advantageous to increase the current I slowly or quickly.
[0037] Figure 5 shows the welding current I, welding voltage U, and wire feed rate v during a pulsed arc welding process using a further embodiment of the method according to the present invention when a short circuit KS occurs between the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W. D , and the time course of the position of the end of the welding wire 4 relative to the workpiece W. In this modification, the welding wire 4 moves at a predetermined faster first forward speed v for a predetermined first duration Δt1 and / or a predetermined first distance Δx1. D,VB1The device is moved in the direction of the workpiece W, and after the elimination of the short circuit KS between the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W is detected, it moves at a predetermined forward speed v D,V The wire is then moved again in the direction of the workpiece W. This measure makes it possible to prevent or compensate for the fact that when the arc L is reignited after a short backward movement of the welding wire 4, the distance between the end of the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W increases, resulting in an increase in the length of the arc L. A predetermined first increasing forward speed v D,VB1 For example, a predetermined forward speed v before the short circuit KS. D,V It's 1 to 100 times faster.
[0038] The predetermined first duration Δt1 is the duration of the backward movement of the welding wire 4 Δt VR As a function of Δt, for example, the duration of the backward movement of the welding wire 4. VR This can be configured as 50% to 95%, particularly preferably 70% to 80%. A similar effect can also be achieved by moving the welding wire 4 back towards the workpiece W by a predetermined percentage of the distance Δx it has traveled during its backward movement.
[0039] Finally, Figure 6 shows the welding current I, welding voltage U, and wire feed rate v during a pulsed arc welding process using a further embodiment of the method according to the present invention. D The graph shows the time course of the position of the end of the welding wire 4 relative to the workpiece W, and in this process, in order to keep the arc L particularly short, the formation of a short circuit KS between the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W is forced by the faster forward movement of the welding wire 4. Therefore, before the expected short circuit KS, the welding wire 4 moves toward the workpiece W at a predetermined second increasing forward speed v before the short circuit KS between the welding wire 4 and the workpiece W is detected. D,VB2 Moved by a predetermined second increasing forward speed v D,VB2 The forward movement of the welding wire 4 is performed, for example, over a predetermined third duration Δt3. Thereafter, the welding wire 4 moves at a normal slow forward speed V, for example. D,VThe current is then slowed down again and moved towards the workpiece W at this speed. As a result, a short circuit KS is forced to form as quickly as possible after the current pulse IM or drop is removed, and the short circuit KS is maintained as stably as possible. After the short circuit KS is cleared, the welding process continues, for example, according to Figure 5.
[0040] In the modified example shown in Figure 7, the predetermined second increasing supply rate v D,VB2 It is triggered from the start of the current pulse IM. The predetermined second duration Δt2 can be both positive and negative, i.e., a predetermined second increasing supply rate v D,VB2 This can be started before the start of the current pulse IM, or only after it has started. In the illustrated embodiment shown in Figure 7, the forward movement of the welding wire 4 is no longer braked, but a predetermined second increasing feed rate v continues until a short circuit KS is detected. D,VB2 It is maintained at a predetermined backward speed v until the short circuit KS is resolved. Subsequently, the backward movement of the welding wire 4 according to the present invention is maintained at a predetermined backward speed v D,R The process continues. Subsequently, the welding process shown in Figure 4 is carried out.
[0041] The present invention also relates to a welding apparatus 1 for performing a pulsed arc welding process, comprising a welding current source 2, a welding torch 3 for supplying consumable welding wire 4 to a workpiece W, and a control device 9 for adjusting and / or controlling welding parameters during the pulsed arc welding process, wherein the control device 9 is designed to adjust and / or control the method described above.
[0042] This invention avoids degradation of welding quality or instability during the welding process, is relatively easy to implement, and is cost-effective.
Claims
1. A method for adjusting and / or controlling a pulsed arc welding process using a consumable welding wire (4) on a workpiece (W), comprising setting a predetermined welding frequency (f) and base current (I) to form an arc (L) and to detach a drop (T) of the consumable welding wire (4). Ｇ The increased pulse current (I Ｐ A current pulse (IM) is periodically applied to the consumable welding wire (4) at a predetermined forward speed (v Ｄ，Ｖ ) move in the direction of the workpiece (W), After a short circuit (KS) is detected between the welding wire (4) and the workpiece (W), the welding wire (4) is moved at a predetermined reverse speed (v Ｄ，Ｒ A method comprising moving the welding wire (5) away from the workpiece (W) and, after detecting the elimination of the short circuit (KS) between the welding wire (4) and the workpiece (W), moving the welding wire (5) again toward the workpiece (W).
2. The welding wire (4) is moved at the predetermined forward speed (v Ｄ，Ｖ A predetermined reverse speed (v) corresponding to 1 to 100 times the speed of ) Ｄ，Ｒ The method according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece (W) is moved away from the workpiece (W) by the method described above.
3. After the elimination of the short circuit (KS) between the welding wire (4) and the workpiece (W) is detected, the welding wire (4) is moved in the direction of the workpiece (W) at the predetermined forward speed (v Ｄ，Ｖ The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the device is moved again.
4. Move the welding wire (4) at a predetermined first time (Δt １ ) and / or a predetermined first distance (Δx １ ) in the direction of the workpiece (W) at a predetermined first increased forward speed (v Ｄ，ＶＢ１ ), and after detection of elimination of a short circuit (KS) between the welding wire (4) and the workpiece (W), move again in the direction of the workpiece (W) at the predetermined forward speed (v Ｄ，Ｖ ). The method according to claim 1 or 2.
5. Before a short circuit (KS) is detected between the welding wire (4) and the workpiece (W), the welding wire (4) is moved to a predetermined second increasing forward speed (v Ｄ，ＶＢ２ The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the device moves toward the workpiece (W) using the device.
6. Before a short circuit (KS) is detected between the welding wire (4) and the workpiece (W), the welding wire (4) is moved for a predetermined second time (Δt) before or after the start of the current pulse (IM). ２ ), and / or a predetermined third time (Δt ３ ), and / or a predetermined second distance (Δx ２ ) A predetermined second increasing forward speed (v) in the direction of the workpiece (W) Ｄ，ＶＢ２ The method according to claim 5, wherein the object is moved by )
7. The welding wire (4) is moved at the predetermined forward speed (v Ｄ，Ｖ The first increasing forward speed (v) is 1 to 100 times the first increasing forward speed. Ｄ，ＶＢ１ ) or second increasing forward speed (v Ｄ，ＶＢ２ The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the device is moved toward the workpiece (W).
8. The welding wire (4) is moved in the direction of the workpiece (W) at the first increasing forward speed (v Ｄ，ＶＢ１ ) and the predetermined first time (Δt １ ) and / or the predetermined first distance (Δx １ ) Move it, and the predetermined first time (Δt １ ) is the duration (Δt) of the backward movement of the welding wire (4) after the detection of a short circuit (KS). ＶＲ ) depends on the duration (Δt) of the backward movement of the welding wire (4), preferably the duration of the backward movement of the welding wire (4). ＶＲ The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the amount is 50% to 95%, particularly preferably 70% to 80%.
9. After a short circuit (KS) between the welding wire (4) and the workpiece (W) is detected, a predetermined first time delay (Δt) is performed. Ｄ１ Preferably, maintain a speed of 0.1 ms to 0.5 ms, and then, only if a short circuit (KS) is still detected, move the welding wire (4) to the predetermined reverse speed (v Ｄ，Ｒ The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the workpiece (W) is moved away from the workpiece (W) by the method.
10. After the resolution of the short circuit (KS) between the welding wire (4) and the workpiece (W) is detected, a predetermined second time delay (Δt) is performed. Ｄ２ The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the welding wire (5) is moved again in the direction of the workpiece (W) only if the resolution of the short circuit (KS) is still detected.
11. During the backward movement of the welding wire (4) between the short circuit (KS) of the welding wire (4) with respect to the workpiece (W), the welding current (I) is set to a larger short-circuit current (I ＫＳ’ In particular, the preset base current (I Ｇ ) Compared to that, the short-circuit current (I ＫＳ’ The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which increases to ).
12. During the backward movement of the welding wire (4) while the welding wire (4) is short-circuited (KS) with respect to the workpiece (W), the welding current (I) is reduced to a smaller short-circuit current (I ＫＳ’ ') In particular, the preset base current (I Ｇ Short-circuit current (I) is 10% to 90% smaller than ) ＫＳ’ The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which reduces to ').
13. After a short circuit (KS) is detected between the welding wire (4) and the workpiece (W), the welding wire (4) is moved at a reverse speed (v) between 1 m / min and 100 m / min, particularly between 15 m / min and 50 m / min. Ｄ，Ｒ The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the workpiece (W) is moved away from the workpiece (W) by the method.
14. The supply speed (v) of the welding wire (4) Ｄ The change in ) is 33.3 m / s ２ and 4000 m / s ２ Between these two points, especially at 500 m / s ２ and 750 m / s ２ Acceleration between (Δv) Ｄ The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, performed at (Δt).
15. A welding apparatus (1) for performing a pulsed arc welding process, comprising a welding current source (2), a welding torch (3) for supplying a consumable welding wire (4) to a workpiece (W), and a control device (9) for adjusting and / or controlling welding parameters during the pulsed arc welding process, wherein the control device (9) is designed to adjust and / or control the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.