High-strength pressure vessel

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-strength, operationally reliable container 100 for containing fluids, comprising an outer shell 101 and a liner 106. The outer shell 101 is a first hollow body made from high-strength heat-treatable steel, and the liner is a second hollow body. The outer shell has a cylindrical main section 102 with two tapered ends 120, 122 adjacent in the longitudinal direction, the first end 120 having a first end inner diameter, and the second end 122 having a second end inner diameter. Both the first and second end inner diameters are smaller than the inner diameters of the main section, and the outer surface 103 of the liner 106 conforms to fit the inner surface 104 of the outer shell. The liner is formed within the outer shell, particularly by an internal high-pressure forming process, and is made of austenitic stainless steel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a container with high strength and high reliability and a method for manufacturing a container for containing a fluid. The container is designed to have an outer shell and a liner, a first hollow body made of a first metal is used as the outer shell, and a second hollow body made of a second metal is used as the liner. The outer shell has very high strength, and the liner has very good sealing properties against the fluid contained in the container. The container has at least one opening in the region of at least one end of the outer shell and at least one holding device on the outer shell. Further, the present invention includes a container including an outer shell and a liner for containing a fluid. Further, the present invention includes a vehicle equipped with a tank having a corresponding container.

Background Art

[0002] Pressure vessels for containing gases such as hydrogen, natural gas or methane are often designed as composite pressure vessels comprising a liner made of plastic or metal, for example aluminium, two metal neck pieces usually arranged in the neck region, and a fibre composite winding for reinforcing the liner. Such pressure vessels are known, for example, from Patent Document 1. Both ends are tapered in the longitudinal direction. The neck pieces can have internal threads into which various joints (for example inlet and outlet valves) can be screwed. Such joints can be provided on both neck pieces of the pressure vessel. Alternatively, one end of the pressure vessel can be closed.

[0003] Patent Document 2 discloses a method for manufacturing a pressure vessel having a two-layer structure. The outer structure is formed of a fibre-reinforced plastic. The shape of the inner structure is realized by cold stretching and / or hot stretching, and the outer structure is attached after the shape of the inner structure is formed.

[0004] According to Patent Document 3, a method for manufacturing a container having a two-layer structure is known, wherein the sealed inner shell is formed by internal high-pressure molding (hydraulic molding) within a molded shell made of a composite material or metal. In one embodiment of this method, the molded shell formed by internal high-pressure molding is used as the outer container structure shell. The sealed inner shell can be made of a thermoplastic material or a metal, i.e., aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The inner shell is heated to a temperature close to its melting point (approximately 400°C to 500°C in the case of aluminum) for molding.

[0005] Known containers are designed to rupture if a significant overload occurs due to excessive internal pressure (according to current standards, an overload is defined as 2 to 2.5 times the container's specified operating pressure). Such a high increase in internal pressure can occur, for example, if a fire breaks out near the container and heats its contents. If a container is periodically overloaded to a smaller degree and its internal pressure repeatedly rises significantly above the operating pressure, leakage often occurs before the container ruptures. Such damage resulting from pre-rupture leakage is clearly preferable to a sudden rupture because the extent of damage that can occur is significantly less than that in the case of a container rupture. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 1999 / 27293 [Patent Document 2] European Patent No. 2724073 [Patent Document 3] French Patent Application Publication No. 2772459 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength and reliable container for containing fluids, wherein the outer shell has very high strength and the liner has very good sealing properties for the fluid contained in the container. Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing such a container. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] This problem is solved by the container described in claim 1. Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, the appended claims, and / or the appended drawings.

[0009] This development was primarily aimed at creating an optimal container for hydrogen. For this purpose, a container is proposed that has a liner made from austenitic stainless steel and formed within an outer shell. In practice, the liner is conformed to the contour of the outer shell by internal high-pressure forming, and its outer surface is in close contact with the inner surface of the outer shell. Steel has significantly higher strength and melting temperature than aluminum. By using austenitic stainless steel as the liner within the outer shell, it becomes possible to form a pressure vessel with a liner that has very low permeability to the fluid filling the container and / or does not cause undesirable interactions with the fluid filling the container.

[0010] The liner is formed inside the outer shell. In one embodiment, this can be done by high-pressure forming (hydraulic forming). This forming process strengthens the liner material by stretching. The elongation at break of the liner material, i.e., the possible elongation of the liner material before it breaks, decreases as a result of work hardening. The liner material and the degree of forming of the liner are selected such that the elongation at break of the liner material after forming is less than the elongation at break of the outer shell material. This means that if the container is significantly overloaded due to internal pressure, leakage into the liner occurs instead of the container bursting. Thus, the fluid contained in the liner leaks into the outer shell. Since the boundary between the outer shell and the liner itself does not have a sealing effect and is not sealed to the environment by a seal, the fluid leaking from the liner is discharged into the environment from the outer shell, and the desired pre-burst leakage effect is achieved in a reproducible manner. This is achieved by selecting an appropriate degree of deformation of the liner during hydraulic forming.

[0011] In practical embodiments, the degree of deformation of the liner during hydraulic forming can be selected such that the elongation of the liner material after forming at a specified operating pressure of the container is less than or equal to the uniform elongation of the liner material. This ensures that the liner material still retains sufficient elasticity after hydraulic forming and follows the elongation of the outer shell up to the operating pressure (even if periodic) without causing damage. Thus, the liner material does not stretch beyond the possible uniform elongation of the liner material at the operating pressure. These pressure conditions are harmless to the liner.

[0012] However, if the internal pressure far exceeds the operating pressure and approaches the burst pressure of the outer shell, the elasticity of the outer shell is greater than the residual elasticity of the liner after hydraulic forming. As a result, the liner material is stretched beyond its break point and torn before the outer shell is damaged by bursting. In the above embodiments of double-walled pressure vessels, liner failure (leakage or cracking) is guaranteed to occur before outer shell failure. The resulting leakage allows fluid from the liner to leak between the liner and the outer shell. The outer surface of the liner and / or the inner surface of the outer shell are designed so that they cannot act in a metal seal manner.

[0013] In one embodiment, a discharge means can be provided to allow fluid leaking from the liner to flow out of the outer shell. This discharge means may be, for example, a pressure relief hole, which will be further described below. However, the discharge means may also be defined by the thread play between the outer shell and the cap nut. The discharge means makes it possible to discharge fluid leaking from the liner in a controlled manner in the event of damage.

[0014] In the method for manufacturing a container according to the present invention, by using a retaining device on the inner or outer surface of the outer shell within the liner blank (hereinafter referred to as the liner blank), it is possible to generate pressure that enables reliable molding of the liner inside the high-strength outer shell. Molding can be performed at room temperature. Since heating of the liner blank before molding can be omitted, the method according to the present invention has particular advantages over methods known from the prior art. This prevents the structural properties or composition of the high-strength steel of the outer shell from changing due to excessive temperature. By using a retaining device within the opening region, it is possible to safely apply high internal pressure. At the same time, the molding process can function as a pressure test for the container.

[0015] The present invention provides a first hollow body made of a first metal and used as the outer shell of a container, and a second hollow body made of a second metal and used as the liner of a container. The container has at least one opening within the region of at least one end of the outer shell, and at least one retaining device on the inner or outer surface of the outer shell.

[0016] The opening can be used, for example, for the intake and / or discharge of fluid from the container. Retaining devices on the inner or outer surface of the outer shell can be designed, for example, to mount devices for the intake and / or discharge of fluid contained in the container. In addition to, or as an alternative to, the retaining devices can be designed to mount devices for closing the container.

[0017] In one step of this method, the outer shell is formed to have a main section contoured with a typically cylindrical surface shape. This main section is followed by at least one tapered end in the longitudinal direction. The inner diameter of the tapered end is smaller than the inner diameter of the main section. Depending on the requirements of the container, the main section of the outer shell may have a contour different from that of a cylindrical shape.

[0018] In a further step of this method, a blank for forming the liner, i.e., a liner blank, is placed inside the molded outer shell. The outer diameter of the liner blank is smaller than the end diameter of the end.

[0019] The liner blank is designed, for example, as a cylindrical tube to be inserted into a molded outer shell. Alternatively, the liner blank may also have a closed end on one side and therefore only a single opening. The liner blank may be designed, for example, to have a dome shape at this closed end. If the outer shell has a similar shape at this end, only slight deformation of the liner blank by hydraulic forming is required so that it makes full contact with the inner surface of the outer shell. This slight deformation can be achieved by hydraulic forming without preheating of the liner blank.

[0020] In a subsequent method step, the liner blank is formed and the liner is manufactured. This forming is performed inside the outer shell using hydraulic forming. After forming, the liner conforms to the shape of the inner surface of the outer shell and fits perfectly. Even if the contour of the main section of the outer shell differs from the shape of the cylindrical shell, the liner blank is formed until the outer wall of the liner is in close contact with the inner wall of the outer shell. The degree of forming in hydraulic forming can be selected considering the materials of the liner and outer shell so that the elongation at break of the liner material after forming is less than the elongation at break of the outer shell material. During hydraulic forming, the liner material is strengthened and the elongation at break is reduced. By forming the liner inside the outer shell, the method of manufacturing the container can be carried out efficiently and at low cost. After hydraulic forming, the outer shell and liner are already in the desired final position. The outer shell and liner do not need to be joined to each other by additional manufacturing steps. Furthermore, hydraulic forming can be performed without tools, i.e., without a mold into which the liner blank must be inserted for the hydraulic forming step. Finally, since the critical boundary between the liner and the outer shell is determined by the contour of the inner surface of the outer shell, and the outer surface of the liner reliably conforms to the inner surface of the outer shell in each container by hydraulic forming inside the outer shell, the manufacturing tolerances in the production of the outer shell and liner blanks are of only secondary importance.

[0021] In one embodiment, the hydroforming of the method according to the invention can be carried out at a high temperature. The liner blank can be heated, for example, to facilitate the shape change by hydroforming.

[0022] However, in particular, the hydroforming of the method according to the invention can alternatively be carried out at room temperature. A connection using a container holding device is used to apply pressure to the liner blank for the hydroforming of the invention. In this way, a high pressure can also be generated for the hydroforming within the liner blank, whereby a liner made of a metal containing steel is reliably formed.

[0023] The method described herein enables the manufacture of a container consisting of an outer shell and a liner formed inside the outer shell by hydroforming. The hydroforming can be carried out at a high pressure, thereby ensuring a reliable seal by the container holding device.

[0024] The hydroforming can be carried out at a pressure of 20 bar to 2100 bar. In other words, to bring the liner within the outer shell to its final shape, the liner is subjected to an internal pressure of 20 bar to 2100 bar. For this purpose, a fluid such as water or oil is pushed into the liner blank at a pressure within the range of 20 bar to 2100 bar.

[0025] In practice, the liner blank can be maintained at a temperature at which the liner blank is placed within the outer shell. The temperature of the liner blank can be 10°C to 200°C during hydroforming.

[0026] In practice, the device for carrying out the hydroforming can also be used to carry out a pressure test on the container. The container is connected to the device for carrying out the hydroforming using the same holding device used to close the container or attach various joints to the container. Therefore, by connecting the forming device simultaneously, a pressure test becomes possible, and thus conclusions regarding the structural characteristics of the container can be drawn.

[0027] In practice, the tapered ends of the outer shell can be formed by forging, pressing, or stretching.

[0028] In practice, the container may have two tapered ends on the outer shell. Each end has an opening, and the liner blank may have a simple tubular shape.

[0029] If necessary, the opening of the container may have different diameters.

[0030] In practice, the metal of the outer shell can be a high-strength, heat-treatable steel, and can be selected from the following metals, for example, steel of material number 1.7220, i.e., 34CrMo4 steel, or steel containing the following elements, i.e., 0.3% to 0.5% carbon, and / or 0.6% to 1.5% chromium, and / or 0.5% to 1.0% manganese, and / or 0.2% to 0.75% molybdenum, and / or 1.5% to 2.15% nickel, and / or 1.35% to 1.9% silicon, and / or up to 0.05% phosphorus, and / or up to 0.05% sulfur, and / or up to 0.1% vanadium. Steel having the latter composition is described in German Patent Application Publication No. 102021102745. Material number 1.7341, a heat-treatable 34CrMo4-4 steel with a molybdenum content of over 0.30% to 0.50%, has proven particularly suitable due to its enhanced notch impact strength. This enables the manufacture of high-strength vessels with lighter overall weight and increased resistance to surface irregularities or discontinuities. The enhanced notch impact strength also promotes the reliable and large elongation at break of the outer shell, which is necessary for the vessel's pre-rupture leak characteristics.

[0031] As mentioned above, the outer shell of the container should meet the highest structural requirements. The types of steel mentioned, in particular the material used by the applicant in German Patent Application Publication No. 102021102745, meet these requirements.

[0032] Furthermore, in practice, the metal for the liner may be selected to be resistant to at least one of the following fluids: hydrogen (H2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (H2S), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen fluoride (HF), fluorine (F2), other corrosive gases, and gas mixtures.

[0033] By using metal for the liner, it is possible to select a material that has very low permeability to the fluid filling the container and / or does not cause undesirable interactions with the fluid filling the container. The liner material must be selected according to the intended use of the container, and in particular according to the fluid filling the container.

[0034] For example, the liner metal can be selected from at least one of the following metals: aluminum, copper, forging alloys such as aluminum alloys or copper alloys, austenitic stainless steel, for example, steel material number 1.3952, steel material number 1.4301, steel material number 1.4401, steel material number 1.4404, steel material number 1.4433, steel material number 1.4435, steel material number 1.4438, steel material number 1.4529, steel material number 1.4539, steel material number 1.4571, steel material number 1.4618, and / or steel material number 1.4828.

[0035] The listed steel materials possess excellent formability and high resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, while simultaneously exhibiting very low permeability to hydrogen (H2). In particular, the combination of one of the aforementioned materials for the liner with a high-strength, heat-treatable steel for the outer shell provides a highly stable vessel that is both resistant to and impermeable to the contained fluid.

[0036] In practice, a sealing plug made from a fluid-resistant material can be used to close the opening of the container. The sealing plug is sealed against the liner by a seal and secured in place by an end retaining device.

[0037] Therefore, to seal the container, a sealing plug is inserted into at least one opening in such a manner that the opening is closed and no fluid leaks out. The sealing plug can be made from the same material as the liner so as to have the structural properties of the liner, for example, to be resistant to hydrogen embrittlement when the fluid is H2, or to be resistant to corrosion when an aggressive fluid is stored. Because the sealing plug is sealed to the liner, the fluid inside the container does not come into contact with the outer shell.

[0038] In practice, the cover cap can be mounted to at least one retaining device, with the sealing plug positioned axially in contact with the cover cap. The cover cap is mounted to the retaining device such that the sealing plug is held within the opening.

[0039] In practice, the cover cap can preferably be positioned in a shape-fitting (fitting) manner in the area of ​​the axial opening of the container, thereby closing the opening of the container with the cover cap.

[0040] As a general rule, the outer shell has greater strength than the liner. By placing the retaining device on the outer shell, it is ensured that the internal pressure of the container acting on the sealing plug generates a force that is safely transmitted through the retaining device to the strong outer shell of the container. Therefore, the retaining device on the outer shell is used to ensure that the opening is reliably closed by the sealing plug both during the manufacturing of the container in the high-pressure molding step and during the use of the container.

[0041] In practice, the end of the outer shell may be provided with a male thread as a retaining device, and the cover cap may have a female thread into which the male thread is screwed. However, the end of the outer shell may also have a female thread as a retaining device, in which case the cover cap has a corresponding male thread into which the female thread is screwed.

[0042] However, all other variations of the retaining device that securely transmits force to the outer shell can also be used. For example, a bayonet-type connection can be provided. For this purpose, the end of the outer shell has at least one retaining projection that securely engages with a receiving groove on the cylindrical inner wall of the cover cap. Conversely, the cover cap can also have a retaining projection that projects radially inward and screws into a receiving groove on the outer surface of the end of the outer shell. However, a connecting bolt can also be used, which is inserted through aligned holes in the material projections of the cover cap and the material projections of the outer shell. As mentioned, all suitable known connecting techniques can be used.

[0043] In one embodiment of the vessel, the diameter of at least one end region of the liner can be reduced. In other words, the liner has an end region that protrudes beyond the end region of the outer shell, and the diameter of the liner's end region is reduced compared to the diameter of the region of the liner adjacent to the end region of the outer shell. Preferably, the inner diameter of the liner's end region can be reduced to such an extent that it corresponds to the sealing diameter of a fitting to be attached to the pressure vessel. The diameter of the liner's end region can be reduced before hydraulic forming, for example, by forging, spinning, or stretching. Alternatively, a tubular liner blank can be formed in a separable mold by hydraulic forming such that the end region has a reduced diameter compared to the central region. The liner blank can then be heat-treated to relieve internal stress, thereby allowing it to be formed a second time by hydraulic forming into the outer shell. However, a liner blank with a reduced-diameter end region can also be assembled from several parts, the individual parts being closely connected to each other (e.g., welded). In this case, the reduction in diameter of one or both end regions can be achieved, for example, by using deep-drawn or turned parts.

[0044] If the diameter of the liner's end region is reduced compared to the diameter of the outer shell's end region, the cover cap can be attached to the outer shell's retaining device, and the inner surface of the outer shell contacts the outer surface of the liner's protruding end region with reduced diameter. The gap remaining between the inner surface of the outer shell and the outer surface of the liner is eliminated during subsequent hydraulic forming. In other words, after hydraulic forming, the outer surface of the liner with reduced diameter follows the inner surface of the cover cap, so the liner covers (backs) both the inner wall of the outer shell and the inner wall of the cover cap, except for the opening region.

[0045] The female thread can be attached to a cover cap aligned with the opening in the liner. A fitting can then be attached to this female thread on the cover cap, and the fitting will seal against the opening in the liner. During hydraulic forming, a sealing punch (Dichtstempel) can also be attached to this female thread, and the sealing punch will seal against the inner surface of the end region of the liner, which has a reduced diameter. In this embodiment, it is preferable that a connecting cap for connecting the sealing punch is left on the container and used as a cover cap after hydraulic forming.

[0046] The present invention also relates to a container for containing fluids. The container has an outer shell and a liner, the outer shell being a first hollow body made of heat-treatable steel, and the liner being a second hollow body made of a fluid-resistant metal. Furthermore, the outer shell has a contoured, mainly cylindrical main section, the main section being connected longitudinally to two tapered ends. The first end has a first end inner diameter, and the second end has a second end inner diameter. Both the first and second end inner diameters are smaller than the inner diameter of the main section. The outer surface of the liner conforms to the shape of the inner surface of the outer shell.

[0047] As described above, the outer and inner shells of the container are formed from tubular metal elements that are tapered at their ends. The manufacture of such tubular elements of appropriate material quality can be achieved with great reliability. In particular, for the hydraulic forming described above, it is advantageous that the tubular liner blank is inserted through an opening at the end of the outer shell and then pressed against the shell wall by high pressure. This forming can be carried out without overheating the liner so that the outer shell material is not damaged by unacceptable high temperatures.

[0048] The inner diameter of the first end can be different from the inner diameter of the second end. However, the same end diameter can also be used for both openings. In this case, in particular, the liner blank may have a cylindrical surface shape before forming, and its outer diameter corresponds to the end diameter with a small amount of play.

[0049] As described above, the heat-treatable steel of the outer shell may consist of the following materials, namely, steel of material number 1.7220, i.e., 34CrMo4 steel, or steel containing the following elements as described in German Patent Application Publication No. 102021102745, namely, 0.3% to 0.5% carbon, and / or 0.6% to 1.5% chromium, and / or 0.5% to 1.0% manganese, and / or 0.2% to 0.75% molybdenum, and / or 1.5% to 2.15% nickel, and / or 1.35% to 1.9% silicon, and / or up to 0.05% phosphorus, and / or up to 0.05% sulfur, and / or up to 0.1% vanadium. In addition, or alternatively, the fluid-resistant steel liner may have one of the following material numbers: 1.3952, 1.4301, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4433, 1.4435, 1.4438, 1.4529, 1.4539, 1.4571, 1.4618, and 1.4828.

[0050] In practice, at least one retaining device can be placed on the outer shell of the container in the region of each end. Any suitable retaining device can be used. Examples of possible retaining devices are described below.

[0051] The sealing plug can be attached to at least one retaining device at each end. The sealing plug can be sealed to the liner by a seal. The sealing plug can be made from the same material as the liner, which is resistant to the fluid it contains. This ensures that the fluid is completely enclosed by the resistant material.

[0052] In practice, the cover cap can be attached to at least one retaining device at each end, with the sealing plug positioned axially in contact with the cover cap. In other words, the cover cap is attached to the retaining device such that the sealing plug, which protrudes into the opening, is locked therein by the cover cap, and the cover cap is supported on the outer shell via the retaining device. Thus, the internal pressure of the container generates a force that presses the sealing plug axially outward against the cover cap, which is transmitted from the cover cap to the high-strength retaining device on the outer shell.

[0053] In practice, sealing plugs and cover caps can also be designed as integrally molded parts or as joined components.

[0054] As described above, the male thread can be positioned on the outer circumferential surface of the outer shell as a retaining device in the end region. This male thread can interact with the female thread on the cylindrical inner surface of the cover cap. However, other retaining means can also be used for the cover cap. For example, the cover cap may have a receiving groove on the cylindrical inner surface for a projection that protrudes radially outward at the end of the outer shell. The cover cap is then secured in a bayonet locking manner. A projection that protrudes radially inward may also be provided on the cover cap, which is screwed into a receiving groove provided on the end of the outer shell.

[0055] At least one of the sealing plugs may have a channel for discharging and / or filling the container. In this case, the cover cap has an opening that is aligned with the channel (in a straight line with the channel).

[0056] In other words, at least on the first side of the container, there is a sealing plug and cover cap having a aligned opening and channel that allows the container to be discharged and / or drawn in. On the second side of the container, the cover cap and sealing plug can be completely sealed. However, the channel and aligned opening can also be provided on the sealing plug and cover cap on the second side of the container. In this case, for example, the container can be filled through the first side and the fluid can be removed through the second side.

[0057] In practice, the channel within the sealing plug can be designed as a threaded hole. The connecting threads of the fitting can be screwed into this threaded hole.

[0058] In practice, the seal that seals the sealing plug to the cylindrical wall at the end of the liner may include at least one O-ring and one support ring.

[0059] As described above, the liner and / or sealing plug may be made of a metal resistant to at least one of the following fluids, namely, hydrogen (H2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (H2S), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen fluoride (HF), fluorine (F2), other corrosive gases and gas mixtures.

[0060] The present invention also includes vehicles equipped with tanks. The tanks are designed as containers of the type described above. However, containers according to the present invention can also be used, for example, to store industrial gases or gases at refueling stations.

[0061] Further practical embodiments and advantages of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0062] [Figure 1] This is a schematic longitudinal cross-section through the outer shell with the liner blank inserted to form the liner. [Figure 2] This is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the outer shell and liner blank at the first end of a container during a step in a method for manufacturing a container. [Figure 3] This is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the outer shell and liner blank at the second end of the container during a step in a method for manufacturing a container. [Figure 4] This is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of the completed vessel, passing through the outer shell and liner. [Figure 5] This is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the end region of the container of the first embodiment. [Figure 6] This is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the end region of the container of the second embodiment. [Figure 7] This is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the end region of the outer shell and the liner blank of a further embodiment of the container before the liner blank is formed. [Figure 8] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the end region of the container shown in Figure 7 after the liner has been formed. [Figure 9] This is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the end region of the outer shell and the liner blank of a further embodiment of the container before the liner blank is formed. [Figure 10] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the end region of the container shown in Figure 9 after the liner has been formed. [Figure 11] This is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the end region of the outer shell and the liner blank of a further embodiment of the container before the liner blank is formed. [Figure 12] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the end region of the container shown in Figure 11 after the liner has been formed. [Figure 13] This is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the end region of the outer shell and the liner blank of a further embodiment of the container before the liner blank is formed. [Figure 14] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the end region of the container shown in Figure 13 after the liner has been formed. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0063] Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section through the main components of the container 100 described herein during its manufacture. The outer shell 101, already in its final shape, is shown. A liner blank 105, having the shape of a tube or cylindrical surface for forming the liner, is inserted into the outer shell 101. Each end 120, 122 of the outer shell 101 has openings 121, 123 through which the liner blank 105 protrudes. Male threads 156, 158 are provided on the outer surface 103 of each end 120, 122 of the outer shell 101 to form a retaining device. Since the outer diameter of the liner blank 105 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the ends 120, 122 of the outer shell, the liner blank 105 can be inserted into the outer shell 101 with a small amount of play.

[0064] The liner blank 105 is tubular in Figure 1. Alternatively, the liner blank 105 may be pre-formed, that is, it may have a reduced diameter at one end 120, 122, or it may be closed if the outer shell 101 has a contour corresponding to the inner surface 104.

[0065] Because the diameters of the openings at the ends 120 and 122 of the outer shell 101 are relatively large, the degree of elongation of the liner blank 105 during hydraulic forming is limited. Hydraulic forming can be performed at ambient temperature without first heating the liner blank 105. The high pressure required for this can be applied by tightly closing the ends 120 and 122 with retaining devices, i.e., male threads 156 and 158.

[0066] In the illustrated embodiment, the outer shell 101 is formed to have a cylindrical main section 102 to which two tapered ends 120, 122 are joined longitudinally. However, the shape of the main section can deviate from the cylindrical shell shape and does not necessarily have to be rotationally symmetric. The inner diameter of each tapered end 120, 122 of the outer shell 101 is smaller than the inner diameter of the main section 102.

[0067] The tapered ends 120 and 122 at each axial end of the outer shell 101 can be formed, for example, by forging, spinning, or stretching.

[0068] In the illustrated embodiment, the container 100 has two tapered ends 120 and 122 of an outer shell 101, each having an opening 121 and 123, respectively, and the openings 121 and 123 have the same diameter. However, in practice, the openings 121 and 123 of the container 100 may have different diameters. In practice, one end 120 or 122 of the outer shell 101 can be closed.

[0069] The structure shown in Figure 1 is further processed by hydraulic forming. In this process, the liner blank 105 is formed by supplying a fluid under high pressure to form a liner 106 that is in close contact with the inner surface 104 of the outer shell 101.

[0070] Figure 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section of the outer shell 101 through one end, with the liner blank 105 placed inside before molding. The first end 120 of the outer shell 101, in which the liner blank 105 is placed, is shown. It can be seen that the end of the cylindrical liner blank 105 protrudes axially beyond the end of the outer shell 101. A connecting cap 161 with female threads is screwed onto the male threads 156 of the end 120 of the outer shell 101. The connecting cap 161 secures the first sealing punch 130 to the end 120 of the outer shell 101, and the first sealing punch 130 seals against the inner surface of the liner blank 105 for the liner 106. The axially protruding end of the liner blank 105 can move relative to the first sealing punch 130. Therefore, the first sealing punch 130 is attached via a connecting cap 161 to a retaining device 161, i.e., to a male thread 156 on the end 120 of the outer shell 101, thereby enabling the high pressure to be sealed from the environment through the first sealing punch 130.

[0071] The liner blank 105 is expanded radially by applying pressure, and the axially protruding ends of the liner blank 105 are pulled into the outer shell 101. In this process, the liner blank 105 is pressed against the inner surface 104 of the outer shell 101. As a result, after hydraulic forming is complete, the liner 106 no longer protrudes beyond the ends 120 of the outer shell 101, but rather covers (backs) the entire inner surface of the outer shell 101.

[0072] In practice, the pressure test of the container 100 can be performed during or after hydraulic forming. Since high pressure is already applied to the inner surface of the liner 106 during hydraulic forming, the structural properties of the container 100 can be evaluated. If necessary, further pressurization can be performed after hydraulic forming, during which time the container 100 is sealed by the first sealing punch 130.

[0073] As mentioned above, hydraulic forming can be carried out at temperatures close to ambient temperature. On the one hand, this has the advantage that, for example, water can be used as a fluid to generate increased internal pressure. On the other hand, forming at temperatures close to ambient temperature prevents the material of the outer shell 101 and the material of the liner blank 105 or liner 106 from being heated to unacceptably high temperatures. For example, the temperature of the liner blank 105 or liner 106 during hydraulic forming is between 10°C and 200°C.

[0074] In practice, hydraulic forming can be carried out at pressures of 20 bar to 2100 bar, that is, the liner blank 105 is exposed to a fluid, such as water or oil, at a pressure of 20 bar to 2100 bar.

[0075] Figure 3 shows a schematic longitudinal section through the second end of the container 100 during the manufacturing of the container 100 by hydraulic forming. Here, the end of the liner blank 105 is clamped between the second sealing punch 140 and the axial end 122 of the outer shell 101 of the container 100 before the start of hydraulic forming. The second sealing punch 140 is also fixed axially by a connecting cap 163. The connecting cap 163 is screwed onto a male thread 156 on the outer surface 104 of the outer shell 101 so that the second sealing punch 140 seals the second opening 123 even under high pressure during hydraulic forming.

[0076] Figure 4 shows a schematic longitudinal section of the container 100 through the outer shell 101 and the fully formed liner 106. The liner 106 is in close contact with the inner surface 104 of the outer shell 101. As described above, the degree of molding in hydraulic forming is selected considering the materials of the liner 106 and the outer shell 101 such that the elongation at break of the liner 106 material after molding is less than the elongation at break of the outer shell 101 material. During hydraulic forming, the material of the liner 106 hardens and its elongation at break decreases. At the same time, care can be taken to ensure that after molding, the elongation of the liner 106 material at the specified operating pressure of the container is less than or equal to the uniform elongation of the liner 106 material. The uniform elongation of the material is the elongation at which necking does not occur in a tensile test using a material sample of the material. This selection of the degree of molding ensures that the material of the liner 106 is not damaged within the specified operating pressure range.

[0077] Figure 5 shows a schematic longitudinal section of the completed container 100 through the first end 120. A sealing plug 150 is shown that closes the first opening 121 of the first end 120 of the container 100. The sealing plug 150 is sealed against the liner 106 by a seal 155. The sealing plug 150 is axially secured by a cover cap 151. The cover cap 151 is screwed onto a male thread 156 on the outer surface 104 of the outer shell 101. Thus, this male thread 156 forms a retaining device for the cover cap 151 and the sealing plug 150, thereby transmitting the axial force applied to the sealing plug 150 by the internal pressure of the container to the outer shell 101 of the container 100 via the retaining device 156. The sealing plug 150 may be made of a corrosion-resistant material, in particular from the same metal as the liner 106.

[0078] Figure 6 shows a schematic longitudinal section through the second end 122 of the container 100. Here, the sealing plug 152 has a channel 170 for connecting various fittings of the container 100. The cover cap 153 has an opening 171 aligned with the channel 170.

[0079] The channel 170 in the sealing plug 152 and the opening 171 in the cover cap 153 allow the fitting to be connected to the container 100 when the sealing plug 152 and cover cap 153 are placed on the container 100.

[0080] Here too, the sealing plug 152 is sealed against the liner 106 by the seal 155. In practice, the seals 155 and 156 for the sealing plugs 150 and 152 may include at least one O-ring and one support ring.

[0081] Channel 170 is designed as a threaded hole and serves to accommodate the complementary male thread of the fitting. The opening 171 of the cover cap 153 is designed as a through hole. The opening 171 of the cover cap 153 can also be designed as a female thread that screws into the fitting. Depending on the strength of the material of the cover cap 153, the length of this female thread can also be shortened.

[0082] Furthermore, Figure 6 shows a pressure relief hole 172 that forms a release means for allowing fluid leaking from the liner 106 to flow out of the outer shell 101. As described above, the elongation at break of the liner is less than the elongation at break of the outer shell 101 due to hydraulic forming. In other words, when the critical internal pressure is exceeded, the material of the liner 106 is torn or breaks, while the material of the outer shell 101 remains intact and continues to expand. Since the outer shell 101 is not sealed to the environment, fluid leaking from the liner 106 also flows out of the outer shell 101 into the environment. This outflow is already made possible by the thread play between the male thread 156 of the outer shell and the female thread of the cover cap 153. However, a pressure relief hole 172 is provided as an additional release means, having an opening in the undercut region of the female thread of the cover cap 153 and penetrating radially through the wall of the cover cap 153. When the liner 106 ruptures and fluid leaks out, the fluid flows between the outer surface of the liner 106 and the inner surface of the outer shell 101 to the axial end of the liner, and from there flows into the environment through the pressure relief hole 172. A corresponding pressure relief hole may be provided at the opposite axial end of the outer shell 101. The pressure relief hole 172 allows for controlled discharge of the fluid leaked from the liner 106 into the environment in the event of damage.

[0083] The cover cap and sealing plug may be designed as a single molded part, or they may be joined together to form a single component. In this case, a continuous hole (with or without a female thread) can pass through this component and serve to connect the fitting. The fitting (not shown) may be sealed, for example, with an O-ring to the sealing plug 152 and / or cover cap 153.

[0084] Figures 7–14 show various embodiments in which the liner is molded to taper inward toward the central axis of the container at the end region, so as not to require a sealing plug. The first of these is a cross-sectional view of the container.

[0085] In the embodiments shown in Figures 7 and 8, at least one end region of the liner 206 is formed such that its diameter is reduced. Preferably, the inner diameter of the end region of the liner 206 is reduced to a degree corresponding to the sealing diameter of a fitting to be attached to the pressure vessel 200. The diameter of the end region can be reduced, for example, by forging, spinning, or stretching before hydraulic forming, or it can be closely connected to the rest of the liner as a deep-drawn part, for example.

[0086] Figure 7 shows the liner blank 205 before hydraulic forming. Figure 8 shows the formed liner 206 after hydraulic forming.

[0087] Unlike the embodiments described above, in the embodiments shown in Figures 7 and 8, the retaining device is a female thread 259. For hydraulic forming, a connecting cap 263 is attached to the female thread 259, and the inner contour of the connecting cap 263 corresponds to the contour of the formed end region of the liner blank 205. The connecting cap 263 has a small-diameter female thread 272 at its free end into which a sealing punch (not shown) is screwed, and the sealing punch can be sealed against the reduced inner diameter of the liner blank 205, for example, by an O-ring.

[0088] After hydraulic forming, a cover cap without a sealing plug can be used. Similarly, the reduced inner diameter of the liner 206 can be sealed against the fitting, for example, using an O-ring. The connecting cap 263 that held the sealing punch during hydraulic forming can be used as a cover cap. The connecting cap / cover cap 263 has a female thread 272 in a neck region that is concentric with respect to the reduced diameter of the liner 206. During hydraulic forming, the sealing punch can be screwed into this female thread 272, sealing the sealing punch against the inner diameter of the liner blank 205. After the liner 206 is formed by hydraulic forming, the male thread of a fitting (not shown) can be screwed into the female thread 272 of the connecting cap / cover cap 263. The cylindrical section of the fitting can be joined to the female thread of the fitting, sealing the male thread against the reduced inner diameter of the end of the liner 206.

[0089] The connecting cap / cover cap 263 has an outer diameter at its first end that matches the end diameter of the outer shell 201 and connects to a retaining device, i.e., the female thread 259 of the outer shell 201. At its second end, the connecting cap / cover cap 263 has a reduced diameter that is significantly smaller than the diameter of its first end. The female thread 272 at the second free end of the connecting cap / cover cap 263 can, of course, be replaced with another suitable retaining means, such as a male thread or bayonet lock. The embodiments in Figures 7 and 8 eliminate the need for a sealing plug made from a material resistant to the fluid contained in the container. In this embodiment, the release fitting can seal directly to the reduced end diameter of the liner 206.

[0090] Figures 9 and 10, and Figures 11 and 12 show alternative embodiments of containers 300 and 400, respectively, corresponding to Figures 7 and 8, with differently shaped contours of the end regions of liners 306 and 406. In Figures 7 and 8, the end region of liner 206 has a dome shape, whereas in Figures 9 and 10, the wall of the end region of liner 306 first extends radially inward toward its longitudinal axis, and then extends axially again with a reduced diameter. In Figures 11 and 12, the end region of the liner is further reduced axially until it extends axially outward again with a reduced inner diameter. Figures 13 and 14 show an embodiment of container 500 in which the end region of the liner extends radially inward, and the sealing surface in the opening region of the liner is formed by material accumulation on the radial surface of the end region of liner 506 facing the center of the liner. In this embodiment, the outer shell 501 also has a male thread 558 that is screwed into the female thread of the connecting cap / cover cap 563. Again, the inner surface of the connecting cap / cover cap 563 corresponds to the surface outline of the end region of the liner 506.

[0091] Further variations in the shape of the end regions of the liner and connecting cap / cover cap can be implemented depending on the requirements of the container.

[0092] The following items summarize the embodiments of this method.

[0093] Item 1: A method for manufacturing a container (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) for containing a fluid, comprising an outer shell (101, 201, 301, 401, 501) and a liner (106, 206, 306, 406, 506), wherein a first hollow body made of a first metal is used as the outer shell (101, 201, 301, 401, 501), a second hollow body made of a second metal is used as the liner (106, 206, 306, 406, 506), and the container (100) comprises at least one opening (121, 123) and at least one retaining device (156, 158) in the region of at least one end (120, 122) of the outer shell (101), This method involves the following steps: - A step of forming an outer shell (101, 201, 301, 401, 501) having longitudinally adjacent main sections (102) at least one tapered end (120, 122), wherein the inner diameter of the end of at least one tapered end (120, 122) is smaller than the inner diameter of the main section (102), and - A step of positioning liner blanks (105, 205, 305, 405, 505) so as to form liners (106, 206, 306, 406, 506) inside formed outer shells (101, 201, 301, 401, 501), wherein the outer diameter of the liner blanks (105, 205, 305, 405, 505) is smaller than the end diameter of the ends (120, 122), and the step of... - A step of forming liner blanks (105, 205, 305, 405, 505) by hydraulic forming so that the liners (106, 206, 306, 406, 506) fit securely to the inner surface (104) of the outer shell (101, 201, 301, 401, 501), wherein a connection employing at least one retaining device (156, 158) of the container (100) is used to apply pressure to the liner blanks (105, 205, 305, 405, 505) for hydraulic forming, and the step of forming the liners (106, 206, 306, 406, 506) inside the outer shell (101, 201, 301, 401, 501), preferably using a connection employing at least one retaining device (156, 158) of the container (100) to apply pressure to the liner blanks (105, 205, 305, 405, 505) for hydraulic forming, Methods that include...

[0094] Item 2: The method described in Item 1, wherein a pressure of 20 bar to 2100 bar is selected for hydraulic forming.

[0095] Item 3: The method according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the hydraulic forming is performed at room temperature.

[0096] Item 4: A method according to one of Items 1 to 3, wherein a device (160) suitable for performing a pressure test on a container (100) is used for performing a hydraulic molding.

[0097] Item 5: The method according to one of items 1 to 4, wherein at least one tapered end (120, 122) of the outer shell (101) is formed by forging, spinning, and / or stretching.

[0098] Item 6: The method according to one of items 1 to 5, wherein the container (100) has at least two tapered ends (120, 122) of an outer shell (101), each of which has at least one opening (121, 123).

[0099] Item 7: The method according to Item 6, wherein the openings (121, 123) of the container (100) have different diameters.

[0100] Item 8: The first metal of the outer shell (101) is a high-strength heat-treatable steel, in particular the following metals, namely, -Steel with material number 1.7220, - The following elements, namely, 0.3% to 0.5% carbon, and / or 0.6% to 1.5% chromium, and / or 0.5% to 1.0% manganese, and / or 0.2% to 0.75% molybdenum, and / or 1.5% to 2.15% nickel, and / or 1.35% to 1.9% silicon, and / or up to 0.05% phosphorus, and / or up to 0.05% sulfur, and / or up to 0.1% vanadium, steel containing A method for at least one of items 1 to 7, selected from at least one of the following.

[0101] Item 9: The method according to at least one of items 1 to 8, wherein the second metal for the liner (106, 206, 306, 406, 506) is selected from a metal resistant to at least one of the following fluids: hydrogen (H2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (H2S), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen fluoride (HF), fluorine (F2), other corrosive gases, and gas mixtures.

[0102] Item 10: The second metal of the liner (106, 206, 306, 406, 506) is one of the following metals, namely, -aluminum, - Aluminum alloy, -copper, - Copper alloy, -stainless steel, - Stainless steel alloy, -Steel with material number 1.3952, -Steel material number 1.4301, -Steel material number 1.4401, -Steel material number 1.4404, -Steel with material number 1.4433, -Steel with material number 1.4435, -Steel with material number 1.4438, -Steel with material number 1.4529, -Steel with material number 1.4539, -Steel material number 1.4571, -Steel with material number 1.4618, -Steel with material number 1.4828, A method for at least one of the preceding items, selected from at least one of the following.

[0103] Item 11: Sealing plugs made from fluid-resistant material (150, 152 close the openings) The method according to at least one of items 1 to 10, wherein the sealing plug (150, 152) is sealed against the liner (106) by a seal (155) and secured at the ends (120, 122) via retaining devices (156, 158).

[0104] Item 12: The method according to at least one of items 1 to 11, wherein the cover caps (151, 153) are attached to at least one retaining device (156, 158).

[0105] Item 13: The following characteristics, namely, - On the ends (120, 122) of the outer shell (101, 501), male threads are provided as retaining devices (156, 158, 558), and the cover caps (151, 153, 563) have female threads into which the male threads are screwed. - On the ends of the outer shell (201, 301, 401), female threads (259, 359, 459) are provided as retaining devices (156, 158), and the cover caps (263, 363, 463) have male threads that are screwed into the female threads (259, 359, 459). A method of items 1 to 12, characterized by one of the above.

[0106] Item 14: The method according to at least one of items 11 to 13, wherein the sealing plugs (150, 152) are positioned in contact with the cover caps (151, 153) in the axial direction, or are integrally connected to the cover caps (151, 153).

[0107] Item 15: The method according to at least one of the preceding items 1 to 12, wherein the retaining device is provided at the ends (120, 122) and cover caps (151, 153) connected according to a bayonet lock.

[0108] Item 16: The method according to at least one of the preceding items 1 to 13, wherein the diameter of at least one end region of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506) is reduced.

[0109] Item 17: The method according to Item 16, wherein cover caps (263, 363, 463, 563) are attached to retaining devices of outer shells (201, 301, 401, 501), and the inner surfaces of the cover caps (263, 363, 463, 563) are positioned in contact with the outer surfaces of liners (206, 306, 406, 506) having a reduced diameter.

[0110] Item 18: The method according to Item 17, wherein the cover caps (263, 363, 463, 563) are provided with female threads (272, 372, 472, 572) that are aligned (straight-lined) with the openings of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506).

[0111] Item 19: The method according to Item 18, wherein the fitting is attached to the female threads (272, 372, 472, 572) of the cover caps (263, 363, 463, 563), and the fitting is sealed against the openings of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506).

[0112] Features of the present invention disclosed herein, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential, individually or in any combination, for realizing the invention in various embodiments. The invention may be modified within the claims to take into account the knowledge of those skilled in the art. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0113] 100 containers 101 Outer shell 102 Main section of the outer shell 103 Outer surface of the outer shell 104 Inner surface of the outer shell 105 Liner Blank 106 Molded liner 120 First end 121 First opening 122 Second end 123 Second opening 130 First sealing punch 140 Second sealing punch 150 Ceiling Plug 151 Cover Cap 152 Ceiling plug 153 Cover Cap 155 stickers 156 Retaining device, male screw 158 Retaining device, male screw 161 Connection cap 163 Connection cap 170 channels 171 Opening 172 Pressure release holes 200 containers 201 Outer shell 205 Liner Blank 206 Molded liner 259 Female thread 263 Cover cap, connection cap 272 Female thread 300 containers 301 Outer shell 305 Liner Blank 306 Molded liner 359 Female thread 363 Cover cap, connector cap 372 Female thread 400 containers 401 Outer shell 405 Liner Blank 406 Molded liner 459 Female thread 463 Cover cap, connector cap 472 Female thread 500 containers 501 Outer shell 505 Liner Blank 506 Molded liner 558 Male screw 563 Cover cap, connector cap 572 Female thread

Claims

1. A container (100) for containing a fluid, comprising an outer shell (101) and a liner (106), wherein the outer shell (101) is a first hollow body made of high-strength heat-treatable steel, and the liner (106) is a second hollow body made of a metal resistant to the fluid, and the outer shell (101) comprises a cylindrical main section (10) with two tapered ends (120, 122) joined longitudinally. 2) having, the first end (120) having a first end inner diameter, the second end (122) having a second end inner diameter, both the first end inner diameter and the second end inner diameter being smaller than the inner diameter of the main section (102), and the liner (106) being molded inside the outer shell (101) such that the outer surface (103) of the liner (106) conforms to the shape of the inner surface (104) of the outer shell (101), A container characterized in that the liner is made of austenitic stainless steel.

2. A container (100) according to claim 1, wherein the elongation at break of the liner (106) material after molding is less than the elongation at break of the outer shell (101) material.

3. A container (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the elongation of the liner (106) material after molding at a predetermined operating pressure of the container is less than or equal to the uniform elongation of the liner (106) material.

4. A container (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a discharge means (172) for discharging fluid leaked from the liner (106) to the outside of the outer shell (101).

5. A container (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the inner diameter of the first end is different from the inner diameter of the second end.

6. A container (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heat-treatable steel of the outer shell (101) is made of the following material, namely: - Steel with material number 1.7220, - The following elements, namely, 0.3% to 0.5% carbon, and / or 0.6% to 1.5% chromium, and / or 0.5% to 1.0% manganese, and / or 0.2% to 0.75% molybdenum, and / or 1.5% to 2.15% nickel, and / or 1.35% to 1.9% silicon, and / or up to 0.05% phosphorus, and / or up to 0.05% sulfur, and / or up to 0.1% vanadium, steel containing Made from at least one of the following: The steel of the liner (106) that is resistant to the fluid is made of the following material, namely: Steel with material number 1.3952, Steel with material number 1.4301, Steel with material number 1.4401, Steel with material number 1.4404, Steel with material number 1.4433, Steel with material number 1.4435, Steel with material number 1.4438, Steel with material number 1.4529, Steel with material number 1.4539, Steel with material number 1.4571, Steel with material number 1.4618, Steel with material number 1.4828, A container formed from at least one of the following.

7. A container (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one retaining device (156, 158) is positioned on the outer shell (101) within the region of each end (120, 122).

8. A container (100) according to claim 7, wherein a sealing plug (150, 152) is fixed to the retaining device (156, 158) and is sealed to the liner (106) by a seal (155).

9. The container (100) according to claim 8, wherein the cover caps (151, 153) are attached to at least one retaining device (156, 158) at each end (120, 122), A container in which the sealing plugs (150, 152) are positioned in contact with the cover caps (151, 153) in the axial direction, or are integrally connected to the cover caps (151, 153).

10. The container (100) according to claim 9, having the following features, namely, - The retaining device is a male thread on the end portion (120, 122) of the outer shell (101), and the cover cap (151, 153) has a complementary female thread into which the male thread is screwed. - The retaining devices (156, 158) are female threads (259, 359, 459) located at the ends of the outer shells (201, 301, 401), and the cover caps (263, 363, 463) have male threads that are screwed into the female threads (259, 359, 459). - The retaining device is a retaining projection on the end portion (120, 122) of the outer shell (101), and the cover cap (151, 153) has a cylindrical inner surface with a receiving groove into which the retaining projection protrudes, and the receiving groove holds the retaining projection in a shape-adaptive manner when closed in a bayonet locking manner. A container having at least one of the following.

11. A container (100) according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the sealing plug (150, 152) has a channel (170) having a screw hole for connecting a fitting to the container (100), A container having a cover cap (151, 153) having an opening (171) aligned with the channel (170), the opening (171) being designed as a through hole.

12. A container (100) according to claim 11, wherein the channel (170) is designed as a through hole and the opening (171) is designed as a screw hole.

13. A container (100) according to at least one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the seal (155) includes at least one O-ring and one support ring.

14. A container (100) according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the liner (106) and / or the sealing plug (150, 152) is a fluid containing the following: hydrogen (H ２ ), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen sulfide (H ２ S), sulfur dioxide (H ２ S), sulfur hexafluoride (SF ６ ), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO) ２ ), hydrogen fluoride (HF), fluorine (F ２ A container made of steel that is resistant to at least one of the following: other corrosive gases and gas mixtures.

15. A container according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the diameter of at least one end region of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506) is reduced relative to the diameter of the liner in a region of the outer shell adjacent to the end region.

16. A container according to claim 15, wherein the cover caps (263, 363, 463, 563) are attached to the retaining device of the outer shell (201, 301, 401, 501), and the inner surface of the cover caps (263, 363, 463, 563) is positioned in contact with the outer surface of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506) having a reduced diameter.

17. A container according to claim 16, wherein the cover cap (263, 363, 463, 563) is provided with female threads (272, 372, 472, 572) aligned with the openings of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506).

18. A container according to claim 17, wherein a fitting is attached to the female threads (272, 372, 472, 572) of the cover cap (263, 363, 463, 563), and the fitting seals the opening of the liner (206, 306, 406, 506).

19. A vehicle having a tank equipped with a container (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

Images