Method and apparatus for switching communication interfaces in V2X communication

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and apparatus for switching communication interfaces in V2X communication, the method comprising: obtaining uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on BSM messages received by a roadside unit; obtaining downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on RSM messages received by an in-vehicle unit; and determining a switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0003]

[0001] (Cross-reference to Related Applications) This disclosure is based on Chinese Patent Application No. CN202311070246.1, filed on August 23, 2023, with the title "Method and Apparatus for Switching Communication Interfaces in V2X Communication", claims the priority of the said patent application, and incorporates by reference all of its disclosure content into this disclosure.

[0002] (Technical Field) Embodiments of this disclosure relate to the technical field of vehicle-to-everything communication, and specifically to a method and apparatus for switching communication interfaces in V2X communication.

Background Art

[0003] Currently in China, the construction guidelines for vehicle-to-everything communication based on C-V2X technology have been established. Since 2018, many exemplary matters of the application of vehicle-to-everything communication based on LTE-C2X have been developed across the country. In the demonstration areas, various applications of vehicle-to-everything communication based on vehicle-road coordination have also been widely verified. In addition, the broad sense of C-V2X communication technology includes two types of communication methods, namely, a communication method based on PC5 direct connection and a communication method based on the Uu port mobile cellular network. How to switch between the two types of communication methods to change the communication quality of the vehicle is one of the current research topics.

[0004] In related technologies, there are several proposals for the switching between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface. However, these proposals require the V2X server and the NWDAF module in the core network to interact information, and it is also necessary to determine whether it is necessary to switch the communication interface based on the average performance parameters of multiple vehicles within the coverage range of the base station. The processing delay is large, and it is difficult to guarantee the communication quality of the vehicle.

[0005] Therefore, the problem of how to enable vehicles to quickly switch communication interfaces needs to be solved urgently. [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a method and apparatus for switching communication interfaces in V2X communication, and solve the problem of rapidly switching interfaces and improving vehicle communication quality, at least in related technologies.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for switching communication interfaces in V2X communication is provided, which includes obtaining uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on BSM messages received by a roadside unit, obtaining downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on RSM messages received by an in-vehicle unit, and identifying a switch in the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

[0008] Another embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a communication interface switching device in V2X communication, the device comprising: an acquisition unit configured to acquire uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on BSM messages received by a roadside unit and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on RSM messages received by an in-vehicle unit; and a determination unit configured to determine the switching of communication between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

[0009] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided, in which a computer program is stored, and the computer program is configured to, when executed, perform the steps in any of the embodiments of the above method.

[0010] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, an electronic device is further provided, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to execute the computer program to carry out the steps in any embodiment of the above method. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0011] [Figure 1] This is a network architecture diagram that implements a method for switching communication interfaces in V2X communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] This is a flowchart of the method for switching communication interfaces in V2X communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] This is a flowchart for obtaining uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on BSM messages received by a roadside unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] This is a flowchart for obtaining downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on RSM messages received by an in-vehicle unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] This is a flowchart for determining the communication method 1 between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of an in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters according to the embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 6] This is a flowchart for determining the communication method 2 between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of an in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters according to the embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 7] This is a flowchart for determining the communication method 3 between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of an in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters according to the embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 8] This is a schematic diagram of the switching process between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface initiated by the in-vehicle unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] This is a schematic diagram of the switching process between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface initiated by the network-side V2X server according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] This is a structural block diagram of a communication interface switching device in V2X communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0012] Hereinafter, embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0013] Furthermore, terms such as "First," "Second," etc., in the specification, claims, and drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar subjects and are not necessarily intended to describe a specific order or priority.

[0014] Currently in China, a policy for building vehicle-to-everything communication based on C-V2X technology has already been established. Since 2018, numerous demonstration projects of vehicle-to-everything communication applications based on LTE-C2X have been deployed throughout the country, and various vehicle-to-everything communication applications based on vehicle-to-road coordination have also been widely verified in demonstration areas. Broadly speaking, C-V2X communication technology includes two types of communication methods: PC5 direct connection-based communication and Uu port mobile cellular network communication. However, current vehicle-to-road coordination applications in demonstration areas are mainly verified based on the PC5 communication method, which requires the deployment of a large number of RSUs (Roadside Units) along the roadside to cover the area. Clearly, such a single communication method can only be deployed in demonstration areas and hotspot areas and cannot be implemented on urban roads throughout the country. Deploying a new PC5 V2X network presents challenges in practical implementation of the business model, including excessive investment for complete coverage, low penetration rates of in-vehicle units, low operational capacity, and poor investment-to-output economics. Considering the proliferation of 5G network infrastructure and terminals in China, building vehicle-to-everything communication based on the 5G Uu communication method, making full use of the operators' existing 5G baseband unit (BBU) computing power resources and MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing) computing power resources, is an important and indispensable supplement. It is a crucial way to rapidly expand the coverage of vehicle-to-everything communication applications and improve the value of roadside data generated by vehicle-to-everything communication. In 2023, China Mobile had already begun large-scale testing of vehicle-to-road coordination applications based on 5G Uu and 5G base stations.In the proposed mobile architecture, the base station implements a communication sensing integrated unit (e.g., Virtual Roadside Unit, vRSU) function by adding a single computing board, establishes a connection with a V2X cloud control platform, and the communication sensing integrated unit packets roadside sensing results into V2X messages, adapts them to the Uu interface, and transmits the V2X messages to the vehicle via the Uu interface. Similarly, the vehicle also transmits the adapted V2X messages to the communication sensing integrated unit on the base station side via the Uu port.

[0015] While the proposed vehicle-road coordinated communication based on the 5G Uu interface has advantages such as higher reliability and wider coverage compared to the proposed PC5 direct connection communication based on LTE C-V2X, the proposed PC5 direct connection communication based on LTE C-V2X still has unparalleled advantages in several respects. For example, in the embodiment of this application, communication between the vehicle and the roadside RSU device mainly uses the PC5 broadcast method, allowing multiple vehicles or devices to receive a message in a single communication, whereas the Uu interface currently communicates using the unicast method, allowing only one device to receive a message at a time. Furthermore, for example, using the broadcast method eliminates the need to consider the service continuity need, while using the unicast method requires the design proposal to ensure service continuity while the vehicle is in motion.

[0016] In future practical deployments, there will be situations where mobile operator networks based on 5G Uu interfaces and V2X operator networks based on PC5 direct connection communication interfaces coexist and provide services together. Considering that the PC5 direct connection communication mode based on LTE C-V2X and the vehicle-road cooperative communication mode based on 5G Uu interfaces each have their own advantages and disadvantages, it is necessary to flexibly and dynamically select the appropriate communication mode by comprehensively considering multiple factors such as channels, resources, and services during the vehicle's journey. Currently, there are several proposals in the industry regarding switching between PC5 and Uu interfaces. However, these proposals require the V2X server and NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function) module in the core network to interact with information, which not only causes significant processing delays and makes it impossible to support latency-sensitive V2X applications, but also fails to determine whether it is necessary to switch communication interfaces based on the average performance parameters of multiple vehicles within the base station's coverage area and to select the appropriate communication interface for each vehicle. To compensate for the above shortcomings, it is necessary to design a simple and executable method for measuring application layer service parameters that does not require the involvement of the core network, and to design a method for switching between the PC5 and Uu interfaces in V2X communication based on this method.

[0017] In related technologies, for example, in the 3GPP (registered trademark) standard, there already exists a mechanism for early warning of QoS changes. The purpose of this mechanism is that in a 5G system, specifically, after the NWDAF module in the core network receives a request from the V2X AS (V2X Application Server), it monitors related network parameters and notifies the V2X application server that the QoS has changed. The NWDAF module provides the area and time slot in which the QoS may change in the notification, and the network parameter values for making this determination. Further, the above network parameter values are obtained based on the average value of all vehicle network parameters in the coverage area of the base station.

[0018] The embodiments of the present application can be implemented on the network architecture shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a network architecture diagram for executing a method for switching a communication interface in V2X communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, the network architecture includes an in-vehicle unit, a roadside unit, and a network-side V2X server. Here, the in-vehicle unit and the roadside unit can communicate via a PC5 interface, the roadside unit can communicate with the network-side V2X server via a transmission network, and the network-side V2X server and the in-vehicle unit can communicate via a Uu interface.

[0019] In this embodiment, a method for switching a communication interface in V2X communication executed by the above mobile terminal or network architecture is provided. FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the method for switching a communication interface in V2X communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, the flow includes the following steps.

[0020] In step S201, obtain uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on the BSM message received by the roadside unit, and obtain downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on the RSM message received by the vehicle-mounted unit.

[0021] In one embodiment, taking the acquisition of uplink PC5 channel performance parameters as an example, the roadside unit receives a BSM (Basic Safety Message) message transmitted by the vehicle-mounted unit of the vehicle, thereby obtaining communication information between the vehicle-mounted unit and the roadside unit. The BSM message can include the transmission time of the BSM message, the reception time of the BSM message, the vehicle-mounted unit identifier, the BSM message number, and the like. The roadside unit can evaluate indicators such as the delay, delay jitter, and packet loss rate of the uplink PC5 channel with this information. Taking the acquisition of downlink PC5 channel performance parameters as an example, the vehicle-mounted unit receives an RSM message transmitted by the roadside unit, thereby obtaining communication information between the roadside unit and the vehicle-mounted unit. The RSM message can include the transmission time of the RSM message, the reception time of the RSM message, the vehicle-mounted unit identifier, the RSM message number, and the like. The vehicle-mounted unit can evaluate indicators such as the delay, delay jitter, and packet loss rate of the downlink PC5 channel with this information.

[0022] In step S202, determine the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the vehicle-mounted unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

[0023] Roadside units and in-vehicle units can monitor performance parameters of uplink and downlink PC5 channels, such as delay, delay jitter, and packet loss rate, based on received BSM and RSM messages. By monitoring these performance parameters periodically or in real time, the quality and stability of the current communication environment can be obtained.

[0024] The system determines when to switch communication methods based on pre-configured thresholds and policies. Thresholds are set for uplink and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters, and the performance parameters of the uplink or downlink PC5 channel are compared to the corresponding thresholds. When the performance parameters of the uplink or downlink PC5 channel reach or exceed the configured threshold, a communication method switch can be triggered.

[0025] When the communication method switching conditions are triggered, the in-vehicle unit can choose to switch to either the Uu interface or the PC5 interface based on a pre-configured policy. Switching to the Uu interface allows the in-vehicle unit to communicate using the cellular network and provide a more stable network connection by communicating with base stations. Switching to the PC5 interface allows the in-vehicle unit to communicate directly with roadside units and provide lower latency communication in cooperation with the vehicle.

[0026] By collecting and analyzing PC5 channel performance parameters through the above steps, and determining the trigger conditions for interface switching and resource preparation based on these parameters, the information interaction process is reflected between the in-vehicle unit and the roadside unit, significantly reducing data latency and shortening delays. Furthermore, if the PC5 channel performance parameters do not meet the threshold, it indicates that the communication quality via the PC5 interface is poor, and the system can choose to switch from the PC5 interface to the Uu interface, thereby improving the vehicle's communication quality.

[0027] Based on the uplink and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters of each vehicle, the current communication quality between each vehicle and the roadside unit can be identified, allowing each vehicle's interface to be switched according to the communication quality status. Compared to related technologies, this eliminates the need for core network participation and the need to collect information from multiple vehicles. Targeting and adjustment decisions can be made based on information from a single vehicle, significantly reducing latency. Furthermore, the data more closely matches the actual situation of each vehicle, thus solving the problem of difficulty in selecting the appropriate communication interface for each vehicle and improving the communication quality of each vehicle.

[0028] Figure 3 is a flowchart for obtaining uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on BSM messages received by a roadside unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3, in one embodiment, obtaining uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on BSM messages received by a roadside unit includes the following steps.

[0029] In step S301, the roadside unit receives a BSM message broadcast by the in-vehicle unit, where the BSM message is set with a first instruction bit that instructs the message receiver to store a first related parameter at the time the BSM message was received.

[0030] In step S302, the loadside unit obtains the first related parameter based on the first instruction bit and transfers the first related parameter to the network-side V2X server so that the network-side V2X server obtains the uplink PC5 channel performance parameter based on the first related parameter, or the loadside unit obtains the first related parameter based on the first instruction bit, obtains the uplink PC5 channel performance parameter based on the first related parameter and sends the uplink PC5 channel performance parameter to the network-side V2X server.

[0031] For example, a vehicle (equipped with an on-board unit) is driving and broadcasts a BSM message to a nearby roadside unit. The BSM message contains a first instruction bit and a first related parameter. When the roadside unit receives the BSM message, it processes it based on the first instruction bit. For example, if the first instruction bit is 1, it indicates that the message receiver needs to remember the first related parameter when it received the BSM message. The roadside unit extracts the first related parameter and forwards it to the network-side V2X server. When the network-side V2X server receives the first related parameter, it can calculate and obtain uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on that parameter. Uplink PC5 channel performance parameters may include parameters such as uplink PC5 channel delay, uplink delay jitter, and uplink packet loss rate. These parameters can be used to evaluate the communication quality between the on-board unit and the roadside unit. In other cases, if the first instruction bit is 1, the roadside unit directly calculates and obtains the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on the first related parameter and sends them to the network-side V2X server. In this way, the network-side V2X server directly acquires the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and uses them to evaluate communication quality. By doing so, the loadside unit can acquire the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on the received BSM message and transmit them to the network-side V2X server. In this way, the network-side V2X server can evaluate the communication quality based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and, if necessary, switch the communication method or take other optimization measures.

[0032] In one embodiment, the first related parameter includes at least one of the following: the transmission time of the BSM message, the reception time of the BSM message, the BSM message number, and the identifier of the in-vehicle unit.

[0033] For example, the identifier of an in-vehicle unit can be used to associate a vehicle with a BSM message, allowing for targeting and vehicle coordination.

[0034] In one embodiment, obtaining uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on a first related parameter includes at least one of the following:

[0035] The delay of the uplink PC5 channel is obtained based on the difference between the transmission time and reception time of the BSM message.

[0036] For example, by recording the transmission and reception timestamps in the BSM message, the transmission delay of the message on the uplink PC5 channel can be calculated. Delay refers to the time difference that has elapsed from the sending end to the receiving end of the message, and can be used to evaluate the transmission efficiency and delay status of the uplink PC5 channel.

[0037] Calculate the uplink delay jitter based on the historical delay of the uplink PC5 channel.

[0038] For example, delay jitter on an uplink PC5 channel is the degree of variation in the transmission delay of the same message over different time periods. By recording the transmission delays of multiple BSM messages on the uplink PC5 channel, statistical indicators of delay jitter, such as the standard deviation or mean absolute deviation, can be calculated. The magnitude of the delay jitter can reflect the stability and reliability of the uplink PC5 channel.

[0039] The uplink packet loss rate is obtained based on the BSM message number.

[0040] For example, BSM messages typically contain a unique number to identify the message's order and completeness. By comparing the numbers of consecutive BSM messages, it is possible to determine whether or not a packet loss situation exists. The uplink packet loss rate is the probability that a message is lost on the uplink PC5 channel. The uplink packet loss rate can be calculated by statistically analyzing the number of packet losses and the total number of transmitted messages, and this is used to evaluate the reliability and stability of the uplink PC5 channel.

[0041] The above method can contribute to evaluating the performance and quality of the uplink PC5 channel, enabling performance optimization and troubleshooting in communication systems. By monitoring indicators such as latency, latency jitter, and packet loss rate, problems with the uplink PC5 channel can be detected and resolved in a timely manner, improving communication efficiency and reliability.

[0042] In one embodiment, before the roadside unit receives the BSM message broadcast by the in-vehicle unit, the in-vehicle unit further includes periodically broadcasting the BSM message to the roadside unit via the PC5 interface, or broadcasting the BSM message to the roadside unit after being triggered by a predetermined event.

[0043] For example, a predetermined event may be that the in-vehicle unit fails to receive a V2X message sent by the roadside unit after a predetermined window period has elapsed.

[0044] Figure 4 is a flowchart showing how to obtain downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on RSM messages received by an in-vehicle unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4, in one embodiment, obtaining downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on RSM messages received by an in-vehicle unit includes the following steps.

[0045] In step S401, the in-vehicle unit receives an RSM message broadcast by the roadside unit, where the RSM message is set with a second instruction bit that instructs the message receiver to store the second related parameter at the time the RSM message was received.

[0046] In step S402, the in-vehicle unit obtains a second related parameter based on the second instruction bit, and obtains a downlink PC5 channel performance parameter based on the second related parameter.

[0047] For example, a vehicle is in motion, and a roadside unit broadcasts an RSM message on the roadside. The RSM message includes a second instruction bit and a second related parameter. When the in-vehicle unit receives the RSM message, it processes it based on the second instruction bit. For example, if the second instruction bit is 1, it indicates that the message receiver needs to remember the second related parameter when it received the RSM message. The in-vehicle unit extracts the second related parameter and obtains downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on this parameter. The downlink PC5 channel performance parameters include parameters such as downlink PC5 channel delay, downlink delay jitter, and downlink packet loss rate. These parameters can be used to evaluate the communication quality between the roadside unit and the in-vehicle unit. Through these steps, the in-vehicle unit can obtain downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on the received RSM message. In this way, the in-vehicle unit can evaluate the communication quality based on the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters and switch the communication method or take other optimization measures as needed.

[0048] In one embodiment, the second related parameter includes at least one of the following: the transmission time of the RSM message, the reception time of the RSM message, the RSM message number, and the identifier of the in-vehicle unit.

[0049] For example, the identifier of an in-vehicle unit can be used to associate a vehicle with an RSM message, allowing for targeting and coordination of the vehicle.

[0050] In one embodiment, obtaining downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on a second related parameter includes at least one of the following:

[0051] The delay of the downlink PC5 channel is obtained based on the difference between the RSM message transmission time and the RSM message reception time.

[0052] For example, by recording transmission and reception timestamps in an RSM message, the transmission delay of the message on the downlink PC5 channel can be calculated. Delay refers to the time difference that has elapsed from the sending end to the receiving end of the message, and can be used to evaluate the transmission efficiency and delay status of the downlink PC5 channel.

[0053] The downlink delay jitter is calculated based on the historical delay of the downlink PC5 channel.

[0054] For example, delay jitter on a downlink PC5 channel is the degree of variation in the transmission delay of the same message within different time periods. By recording the transmission delays of multiple RSM messages on the downlink PC5 channel, statistical indicators of delay jitter, such as the standard deviation or mean absolute deviation, can be calculated. The magnitude of the delay jitter can reflect the stability and reliability of the downlink PC5 channel.

[0055] The downlink packet loss rate is obtained based on the RSM message number.

[0056] For example, RSM messages typically contain a unique number to identify the message's order and completeness. By comparing the numbers of consecutive RSM messages, it is possible to determine whether or not a packet loss situation exists. The downlink packet loss rate is the probability that a message is lost on a downlink PC5 channel. The downlink packet loss rate can be calculated by statistically analyzing the number of packet losses and the total number of transmitted messages, and this is used to evaluate the reliability and stability of the downlink PC5 channel.

[0057] The above method can contribute to evaluating the performance and quality of the downlink PC5 channel, enabling performance optimization and troubleshooting in communication systems. By monitoring indicators such as latency, latency jitter, and packet loss rate, problems with the downlink PC5 channel can be detected and resolved in a timely manner, improving communication efficiency and reliability.

[0058] In one embodiment, before the in-vehicle unit receives the RSM message broadcast by the roadside unit, the roadside unit further broadcasts the RSM message to the in-vehicle unit periodically via the PC5 interface, or broadcasts the RSM message to the in-vehicle unit after being triggered by a predetermined event.

[0059] For example, a predetermined event may be that the roadside unit has not received a V2X message from the in-vehicle unit even after a predetermined window period has elapsed, or that it has not received an instruction message from the network-side V2X server.

[0060] Figure 5 is a flowchart showing how to determine the communication method 1 between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of an in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters according to the embodiment of this disclosure, as shown in Figure 5.

[0061] In one embodiment, determining the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters includes the following steps.

[0062] In step S501, the network-side V2X server obtains downlink PC5 channel performance parameters from the in-vehicle unit via the Uu interface.

[0063] For example, the network-side V2X server communicates with the in-vehicle unit via the Uu interface to obtain performance parameters on the in-vehicle unit's downlink PC5 channel. These performance parameters may include indicators such as delay, delay jitter, and packet loss rate of the downlink PC5 channel. By obtaining these parameters, the network-side V2X server can understand the current communication quality and performance status of the in-vehicle unit.

[0064] In step S502, the network-side V2X server determines the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

[0065] For example, based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters, the network-side V2X server can decide to switch the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit. Based on real-time changes in performance parameters, the network-side V2X server can determine whether the current communication quality meets the requirements. If it does, it can continue to communicate using the PC5 interface; otherwise, it can choose to switch to the Uu interface for communication.

[0066] By switching based on real-time performance parameters, it is possible to ensure that communication between the in-vehicle unit and the network side is always maintained in a good state, thereby improving the stability and reliability of communication. Such performance parameter-based communication method switching can be dynamically adjusted according to actual conditions, thereby adapting to different communication environments and needs. By acquiring and analyzing performance parameters in a timely manner, the network side can decide whether to switch communication methods based on the current communication status of the in-vehicle unit, thereby optimizing communication quality and performance.

[0067] Figure 6 is a flowchart showing how to determine the communication method 2 between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters according to the embodiment of this disclosure, as shown in Figure 6.

[0068] In one embodiment, determining the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters includes the following steps.

[0069] In step S601, the in-vehicle unit obtains uplink PC5 channel performance parameters from the network-side V2X server via the Uu interface.

[0070] For example, the in-vehicle unit communicates with the network-side V2X server via the Uu interface to obtain performance parameters of the uplink PC5 channel transmitted by the network-side V2X server. These performance parameters may include indicators such as the delay, delay jitter, and packet loss rate of the uplink PC5 channel. By obtaining these parameters, the in-vehicle unit can determine the current communication quality and performance status of the uplink PC5 channel.

[0071] In step S602, the in-vehicle unit determines the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

[0072] For example, based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters, the in-vehicle unit can decide to switch the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface. Based on real-time changes in performance parameters, the in-vehicle unit can determine whether the current communication quality meets the requirements. If it does, it can continue to communicate using the PC5 interface; if it does not, it can choose to switch to the Uu interface. By switching based on real-time performance parameters, it is possible to ensure that communication between the in-vehicle unit and the network side is always maintained in a good state, thereby improving the stability and reliability of communication. Such switching of communication methods based on performance parameters can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual situation, thereby adapting to different communication environments and needs. By acquiring and analyzing performance parameters, the in-vehicle unit can decide whether to switch the communication method based on the current communication status, thereby optimizing communication quality and performance.

[0073] Figure 7 is a flowchart showing how to determine the communication method 3 between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figure 7.

[0074] In one embodiment, determining the switching of communication between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of an in-vehicle unit based on uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters includes the following steps:

[0075] In step S701, the resource utilization status of the PC5 interface and the Uu interface, as well as the uplink and downlink channel performance parameters of the Uu interface, are obtained.

[0076] For example, the in-vehicle unit acquires resource utilization status for the PC5 interface and the Uu interface, and simultaneously acquires performance parameters for the uplink and downlink channels of the Uu interface. By acquiring these parameters, the in-vehicle unit can determine the resource utilization status for the PC5 interface and the Uu interface, as well as the communication quality and performance status of the Uu interface.

[0077] In step S702, the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit is determined based on the resource utilization status of the PC5 interface and the Uu interface, the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters, and the uplink and downlink channel performance parameters of the Uu interface.

[0078] For example, the network-side V2X server can obtain the uplink and downlink channel performance parameters of the Uu interface, and based on the resource utilization of the PC5 interface and the Uu interface, the in-vehicle unit can determine whether the current communication load and resource utilization meet the requirements. Based on the performance parameters of the uplink PC5 channel, the downlink PC5 channel, and the uplink and downlink channel performance parameters of the Uu interface, the in-vehicle unit can determine whether the current communication quality meets the requirements. Based on these parameters, the in-vehicle unit can decide to switch the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface. If both the resource utilization and communication quality of the PC5 interface and the Uu interface meet the requirements, the unit can continue to use the PC5 interface for communication; if neither meets the requirements, the unit can choose to switch to the Uu interface for communication. By switching based on resource utilization and performance parameters, communication resources can be allocated rationally, improving communication efficiency and reliability. Such switching based on resource utilization and performance parameters can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual situation, thereby adapting to different communication environments and needs. By acquiring and analyzing resource utilization and performance parameters in real time, the in-vehicle unit can decide whether or not to switch communication methods according to its own and the communication environment's conditions, thereby optimizing communication quality and performance.

[0079] In one embodiment, the network-side V2X server is located in one of the following layers: the base station, the core network, and the application layer.

[0080] The switching process between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface may be initiated by the in-vehicle unit or by the network-side V2X server.

[0081] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the PC5 interface and Uu interface switching process initiated by an in-vehicle unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 8, in order to support the in-vehicle unit initiating the switching, the network-side V2X server transmits the uplink PC5 channel air interface delay, delay jitter, and packet loss rate to the in-vehicle unit via the Uu interface, and at the same time, prompts the network-side V2X server to transmit the resource utilization status of the Uu interface and PC5 interface to the in-vehicle unit (this can be indicated in multiple ways, for example, by displaying three levels: high, medium, and low). The in-vehicle unit combines the uplink and downlink air interface delays, delay jitter, packet loss rate, and resource utilization status to determine whether the current service needs to switch from the PC5 interface to the Uu interface, or from the Uu interface to the PC5 interface. If the in-vehicle unit needs to switch interfaces to communicate, it can either re-enter the PC5 interface from the Uu interface or switch from the PC5 interface to the Uu interface.

[0082] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the switching process between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface disclosed by the network-side V2X server according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 9, in order to support the network-side V2X server initiating the switching process, the in-vehicle unit needs to transmit the downlink PC5 channel air interface delay, delay jitter, and packet loss rate to the network-side V2X server via the Uu interface. The network-side V2X server combines the uplink and downlink air interface delays, delay jitter, packet loss rate, and resource utilization status to determine whether the current service needs to switch from the PC5 interface to the Uu interface, or from the Uu interface to the PC5 interface. If the network-side V2X server determines that it needs to switch interfaces to communicate, it can switch from the Uu interface to the PC5 interface, or from the PC5 interface to the Uu interface.

[0083] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the methods according to the embodiments may be implemented by adding a common hardware platform required for the software, or of course by hardware, but in many cases the former is a more preferred embodiment. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the present disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product, either essentially or in part with respect to the prior art, the computer software product being stored on a storage medium (e.g., ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and containing several instructions for causing a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform the methods according to each embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0084] This embodiment provides a switching device for communication interfaces in V2X communication, which is for realizing the above embodiment and preferred embodiments, and will omit further explanation of what has already been described. As used below, the term "module" can realize a combination of software and / or hardware with a predetermined function. The devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, but can and may also be implemented in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0085] Figure 10 is a structural block diagram of a communication interface switching device in a V2X communication embodiment according to the present disclosure, and as shown in Figure 10, the device includes the following units.

[0086] The acquisition unit 101 is configured to acquire uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on BSM messages received by the roadside unit and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on RSM messages received by the in-vehicle unit.

[0087] The decision unit 102 is configured to determine the switching of communication between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

[0088] In one embodiment, the uplink PC5 channel performance parameter includes at least one of the uplink air interface delay, uplink delay jitter, and uplink packet loss rate, and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameter includes at least one of the downlink air interface delay, downlink delay jitter, and downlink packet loss rate.

[0089] In one embodiment, the device is further configured as follows to acquire uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on BSM messages received by the roadside unit: A roadside unit receives a BSM message broadcast by an in-vehicle unit, wherein the BSM message is set with a first instruction bit that instructs the message receiver to store a first related parameter at the time the BSM message was received. The loadside unit obtains a first related parameter based on a first instruction bit and transfers the first related parameter to the network-side V2X server so that the network-side V2X server obtains the uplink PC5 channel performance parameter based on the first related parameter, or the loadside unit obtains a first related parameter based on a first instruction bit, obtains an uplink PC5 channel performance parameter based on the first related parameter, and transmits the uplink PC5 channel performance parameter to the network-side V2X server.

[0090] In one embodiment, the first related parameter includes at least one of the following: the transmission time of the BSM message, the reception time of the BSM message, the BSM message number, and the identifier of the in-vehicle unit.

[0091] In one embodiment, the device is further configured as follows, and the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters are obtained based on the first related parameters. The delay of the uplink PC5 channel is obtained based on the difference between the transmission time and reception time of the BSM message, Calculate the uplink delay jitter based on the historical delay of the uplink PC5 channel, This includes at least one of the following: obtaining the uplink packet loss rate based on the BSM message number.

[0092] In one embodiment, before the roadside unit receives the BSM message broadcast by the in-vehicle unit, the in-vehicle unit further broadcasts the BSM message periodically to the roadside unit via the PC5 interface, or broadcasts the BSM message to the roadside unit after being triggered by a predetermined event.

[0093] In one embodiment, the device is further configured as follows, and the acquisition of downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on RSM messages received by the in-vehicle unit is: The in-vehicle unit receives an RSM message broadcast by the roadside unit, where the RSM message has a second instruction bit set to instruct the message receiver to remember the second related parameter at the time the RSM message was received. The in-vehicle unit obtains a second related parameter based on a second instruction bit, and obtains a downlink PC5 channel performance parameter based on the second related parameter.

[0094] In one embodiment, the second related parameter includes at least one of the following: the transmission time of the RSM message, the reception time of the RSM message, the RSM message number, and the identifier of the in-vehicle unit.

[0095] In one embodiment, the device is further configured as follows, and obtaining downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on a second related parameter is at least: The delay of the downlink PC5 channel is obtained based on the difference between the transmission time and reception time of the RSM message, Calculating downlink delay jitter based on the historical delay of the downlink PC5 channel, This includes obtaining one of the downlink packet loss rates based on the number of the RSM message.

[0096] In one embodiment, the device is further configured as follows, before the in-vehicle unit receives the RSM message broadcast by the roadside unit, This includes the roadside unit periodically broadcasting RSM messages to the in-vehicle unit via the PC5 interface, or broadcasting RSM messages to the in-vehicle unit after being triggered by a predetermined event.

[0097] In one embodiment, the device is further configured as follows, and the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit is determined based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters. The network-side V2X server obtains downlink PC5 channel performance parameters from the in-vehicle unit via the Uu interface, This includes the network-side V2X server determining the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

[0098] In one embodiment, the device is further configured as follows, and the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit is determined based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters. The in-vehicle unit obtains uplink PC5 channel performance parameters from the network-side V2X server via the Uu interface, This includes the in-vehicle unit determining the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

[0099] In one embodiment, the device is further configured as follows, and the switching of communication between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit is determined based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters. To obtain resource utilization status between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface, and uplink and downlink channel performance parameters of the Uu interface, This includes determining the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the resource utilization status of the PC5 interface and the Uu interface, the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters, and the uplink and downlink channel performance parameters of the Uu interface.

[0100] In one embodiment, the network-side V2X server is located in one of the following layers: base station, core network, or application layer.

[0101] Each of the above modules may be implemented by software or hardware. In the latter case, each module may be located on the same processor, or each module may be located on different processors in any combination, but is not limited to these.

[0102] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is configured to perform the steps of any of the embodiments of the above method when executed.

[0103] In one exemplary embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media capable of storing computer programs, such as flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0104] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an electronic device comprising memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured such that when the computer program is executed, the steps of any of the embodiments of the above method are performed.

[0105] In one exemplary embodiment, the electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the processor, and the input / output device is connected to the processor.

[0106] Specific examples in this embodiment can be found by referring to the examples described in the above embodiment and exemplary embodiment, and such descriptions are omitted in this embodiment.

[0107] Clearly, those skilled in the art will understand that each module or step of the present disclosure may be implemented by a common computing device, centralized on a single computing device, or distributed across a network of computing devices, or implemented by program code executable by a computing device, thereby being stored in memory and executed by the computing device, and in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in an order different from the order herein, or they may be manufactured on each integrated circuit module, or several of them may be manufactured on a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0108] The foregoing are merely preferred embodiments of the Disclosure and do not limit the Disclosure, and the Disclosure may be modified and changed in various ways for those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of the Disclosure should be within the scope of protection of the Disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for switching communication interfaces in V2X communication, The system acquires uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on BSM messages received by the roadside unit, and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on RSM messages received by the in-vehicle unit. A method for switching communication interfaces in V2X communication, characterized by including determining a switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the uplink PC5 channel performance parameter includes at least one of uplink air interface delay, uplink delay jitter, and uplink packet loss rate, and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameter includes at least one of downlink air interface delay, downlink delay jitter, and downlink packet loss rate.

3. Obtaining uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on BSM messages received by the roadside unit is possible. The roadside unit receives the BSM message broadcast by the in-vehicle unit, and the BSM message has a first instruction bit set to instruct the message receiver to store the first related parameters at the time the BSM message was received. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the roadside unit acquires the first related parameter based on the first instruction bit and transfers the first related parameter to the network-side V2X server so that the network-side V2X server acquires the uplink PC5 channel performance parameter based on the first related parameter, or the roadside unit acquires the first related parameter based on the first instruction bit, acquires the uplink PC5 channel performance parameter based on the first related parameter and transmits the uplink PC5 channel performance parameter to the network-side V2X server.

4. The method according to 3, characterized in that the first related parameter includes at least one of the transmission time of the BSM message, the reception time of the BSM message, the number of the BSM message, and the identifier of the in-vehicle unit.

5. Obtaining the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on the first related parameters is: The delay of the uplink PC 5 channel is obtained based on the difference between the transmission time of the BSM message and the reception time of the BSM message. The uplink delay jitter is calculated based on the historical delay of the uplink PC5 channel, The method according to 4, characterized in that it includes at least one of obtaining an uplink packet loss rate based on the number of the BSM message.

6. Before the roadside unit receives the BSM message broadcast by the in-vehicle unit, The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the in-vehicle unit periodically broadcasts BSM messages to the roadside unit via the PC 5 interface, or broadcasts BSM messages to the roadside unit after being triggered by a predetermined event.

7. Obtaining downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on RSM messages received by the in-vehicle unit is possible. The in-vehicle unit receives the RSM message broadcast by the roadside unit, and the RSM message has a second instruction bit set to instruct the message receiver to store the second related parameter at the time the RSM message was received. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the in-vehicle unit acquires the second related parameter based on the second instruction bit and acquires the downlink PC5 channel performance parameter based on the second related parameter.

8. The method according to 7, characterized in that the second related parameter includes at least one of the transmission time of the RSM message, the reception time of the RSM message, the number of the RSM message, and the identifier of the in-vehicle unit.

9. Obtaining the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on the second related parameters is at least, The delay of the downlink PC5 channel is obtained based on the difference between the transmission time of the RSM message and the reception time of the RSM message. The downlink delay jitter is calculated based on the historical delay of the downlink PC5 channel, The method of 8, characterized in that it includes one of obtaining a downlink packet loss rate based on the number of the RSM message.

10. Before the in-vehicle unit receives the RSM message broadcast by the roadside unit, The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the roadside unit periodically broadcasts RSM messages to the in-vehicle unit via the PC5 interface, or broadcasts RSM messages to the in-vehicle unit after being triggered by a predetermined event.

11. Determining the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters is: The network-side V2X server acquires the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters from the in-vehicle unit via the Uu interface, The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the network-side V2X server determines the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

12. Determining the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters is: The in-vehicle unit obtains the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters from the network-side V2X server via the Uu interface, The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the in-vehicle unit determines a switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

13. Determining the switching of communication between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters is: To obtain the resource utilization status of the PC5 interface and the Uu interface, and the uplink and downlink channel performance parameters of the Uu interface, The method according to claim 1, further comprising determining the switching of the communication method between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the resource utilization status of the PC5 interface and the Uu interface, the uplink PC5 channel performance parameter, the downlink PC5 channel performance parameter, and the uplink and downlink channel performance parameters of the Uu interface.

14. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the network-side V2X server is located in one of the base station, core network, or application layer.

15. A switching device for communication interfaces in V2X communication, An acquisition unit configured to acquire uplink PC5 channel performance parameters based on BSM messages received by a roadside unit, and downlink PC5 channel performance parameters based on RSM messages received by an in-vehicle unit, A communication interface switching device for V2X communication, comprising a determination unit configured to determine the switching of communication between the PC5 interface and the Uu interface of the in-vehicle unit based on the uplink PC5 channel performance parameters and the downlink PC5 channel performance parameters.

16. A computer-readable storage medium, A computer-readable storage medium characterized in that a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14 are performed.

17. An electronic device, An electronic device comprising memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14 are performed.

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