Multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance systems, methods, and applications

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of fluid measurement and concerns fluid characterization and disturbance systems, methods, and applications. It includes a base and a micropillar array mounted on the base, the micropillar array consisting of one or more micropillars, the micropillars being able to deform under the action of fluid and / or magnetic force, and the different micropillars may have different lengths and hardnesses, the micropillars including a bottom end connected to the base, a side, and a top end far from the base and opposite the bottom, the micropillars being fitted with a light-reflecting layer, the light-reflecting layer being positioned at any one or more locations on the top, side, and interior of the micropillar. The system and method of the present invention have multimodal properties and can comprehensively measure data such as fluid viscosity, density, type, and fluid direction, pressure, and shear force at a specific location, providing a comprehensive solution for monitoring and analyzing the state of fluids.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fluid measurement, and is a fluid property evaluation and perturbation system, method, and application.

Background Art

[0002] Fluid mechanics is the science that studies the motion of fluids and their interaction with solids. Fluid mechanics has extensive applications in fields such as engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology. To deeply understand the physical properties and dynamic behaviors of fluids, it is necessary to accurately evaluate and control the flow field. Characteristics such as the flow velocity of fluids in microfluidic channels have important significance in inferring the state of devices and reactions. Conventional methods for evaluating the characteristics of flow fields mainly include optical methods, electromagnetic methods, acoustic methods, etc. For example, there is the Pitot tube velocity measurement method for measuring fluid velocity, but its interference with the flow field is large. There is the hot-wire method, but the interference of its probe with the flow field is large, and the hot wire is easy to break. There are Doppler velocity measurement (LDV) and particle image velocity measurement (PIV), but the system is complex and depends on bubbles and tracer particles in the fluid. All of the above methods are difficult to miniaturize and penetrate into microfluidic channels. And usually, it is necessary to combine expensive equipment and data processing algorithms, and it is difficult to achieve high-resolution and high-sensitivity measurement of the flow field under the micro-nano scale. Therefore, developing a simple, effective, and multifunctional flow field characteristic evaluation and perturbation device has important scientific significance and practical value.

Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to overcome the existing technologies, provide a multi-modal, real-time, and low-cost fluid property evaluation and perturbation system without the need for expensive equipment, and meet the needs for fluid property evaluation tools and methods in microfluids, microfluidics, microreactors, chemical engineering, and biological fluids.

[0004] To achieve the above objective, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device, the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device is A base whose form may be a flat, inclined, curved, or irregular surface, The system includes a micropillar array installed on the base, the micropillar array being composed of one or more micropillars, these micropillars being able to undergo a change of state under the action of a fluid and / or magnetic force, and the different micropillars may have different lengths and hardnesses. The aforementioned change of state includes at least one of: pulling, activity in any direction, and deformation. The micropillar includes a bottom end connected to a base, a side, and a top end far from the base and opposite the bottom end, and the micropillar is provided with a light-reflecting layer, which can be located at least one of the top end, side, and interior of the micropillar.

[0005] In this application, "several" does not mean multiple quantities, but rather one or more.

[0006] Furthermore, an anti-reflective layer is installed on the side surface and / or base surface of the micropillar. This installation significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the reflected light signal, making the measurement results more accurate.

[0007] Furthermore, the light-reflecting layer of the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device is selected from at least one of inorganic light-reflecting materials and organic light-reflecting materials, such as metals, metal oxides, metal salts, ultrafine glass beads, and microprisms. The light-reflecting layer materials listed above may be used individually or in combination.

[0008] Furthermore, a magnetic material is placed at the top, side, and / or at least one position within the column of a micropillar on the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device, preferably a magnetic metallic light reflective layer is placed at the top of the micropillar.

[0009] In this application, "magnetic material" refers to a material that reacts in some way to a magnetic field, and includes, but is not limited to, ferromagnetic materials, paramagnetic materials, diamagnetic materials, ferrimagnetic materials, antiferromagnetic materials, and superparamagnetic materials.

[0010] Furthermore, the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device further includes a plurality of flow field limiting structures installed on the base, the flow field limiting structures including one or more limiting surfaces, the limiting surfaces being perpendicular to the plane on which the base is located and being connected to the base or integrally molded with the base, either as a plane or a curved surface.

[0011] Furthermore, the base and / or micropillar are made of conductive material, and by installing them in this manner, it is possible to not only apply electrical stimulation to the fluid but also to achieve the purpose of receiving electrical signals from the fluid.

[0012] Furthermore, the cross-section of the micropillar may be any shape, including circular, elliptical, or polygonal. By utilizing the characteristic that certain shapes, such as an ellipse, are easily deformable in the short axis direction and difficult to deform in the long axis direction, an array composed of micropillars of a specific shape can be used to sense the direction of a flow field.

[0013] Furthermore, a fluorescent material is installed in the extension from the top to the bottom of the micropillar. The extension includes the sides of the micropillar and the solid portion within the columnar body enclosed by the sides. By installing it in this way, the system can be calibrated more intuitively, the signal can be amplified, and the signal-to-noise ratio and specificity can be improved, while at the same time, miniaturization can be better achieved when combined with an optical waveguide.

[0014] Furthermore, the micropillar can be placed inside the channel and inserted into the flow field, or it can be placed below the channel with its top aligned flush with the channel boundary to measure the frictional resistance of the pipe wall (twall).

[0015] Specifically, the multicellular aggregate of this application can be coupled to a multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device in various ways, two of which are as follows: First coupling method: A culture medium is placed on a micropillar of a multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device, and cells are transplanted into the culture medium on the micropillar and cultured to obtain a multicellular aggregate. In another embodiment, this coupling method allows for real-time monitoring of the cell culture process with cellular mechanical force information output in a visualized format, and can be applied to the effects of chemical, biological, and physical external stimuli such as culture medium and drugs on cell growth. Second coupling method: Directly cultured multicellular aggregates are attached to micropillars of a multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device for detection.

[0016] To achieve the above objective, in a second aspect, the present invention provides a multimodal fluid properties evaluation and disturbance properties evaluation system.

[0017] it is, A multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device according to one or more first embodiments of the present invention, A light signal emitting device for emitting a predetermined ray, An optical signal detection device for detecting light rays reflected from a light reflection layer, The system includes a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field and causing a magnetic force to act on magnetic material (if any) contained at the top, side, or any location within the column of a micropillar, The light emitted by the optical signal emitter is directed onto the optical reflection layer via the incident light path, and the light reflected by the optical reflection layer enters the optical signal detection device via the reflected light path.

[0018] Furthermore, the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance analysis further includes an optical signal analyzer for analyzing optical signals.

[0019] Furthermore, the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance system further includes a data processing device, which is used to process optical signals to obtain results of the flow field state (including flow field shear force, flow field direction, flow velocity, viscous force, flow state, etc., at a specific location) and / or to directly obtain results of the flow field state from optical signals analyzed by an optical signal analyzer.

[0020] Furthermore, the data processing device can also evaluate the chemical, physical, and biological states within the system based on the flow field state and provide predictive reaction information.

[0021] Furthermore, the multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance system further includes a pressure sensing device, which is used to measure pressure information and / or to apply an appropriate pressure to the fluid.

[0022] Furthermore, the optical signal emitting device has a light source, the light source including a first light source installed at the bottom of the base and / or a second light source installed on the side of the base, and the light rays emitted by the first light source and / or the second light source reach the micropillar.

[0023] In this application, the first light source and the second light source do not limit the installation order or type of light sources, but are merely for distinguishing light sources at different installation locations. Preferably, the second light source is a waveguide illumination light source.

[0024] Furthermore, the multimodal fluid property evaluation and perturbation system further includes a motion or deformation device for applying an appropriate mechanical force to cause motion or deformation, and the motion or deformation device for applying the appropriate mechanical force is used to apply a mechanical force to the multimodal fluid property evaluation and perturbation system. The motion or deformation device used to apply the appropriate mechanical force includes, but is not limited to, a tension device or a charging / discharging device. The tension device is used to apply an appropriate mechanical tensile force to the base to control the stretching motion and / or deformation of the base in the horizontal direction, and the charging / discharging device is used to form a motion or deformation on the surface of the base.

[0025] Furthermore, the multimodal fluid property evaluation and perturbation system is composed of two or more multimodal fluid property evaluation and perturbation devices, and a two-sided or multi-sided structure is formed by the multimodal fluid property evaluation and perturbation devices. The outside of the two-sided or multi-sided structure is the base, and the inside forms a three-dimensional accommodation cavity for the fluid by surrounding it. Ma The base of the multimodal fluid property evaluation and perturbation device forms a three-dimensional accommodation cavity surface. When forming the three-dimensional accommodation cavity, micropillars are connected to at least one three-dimensional accommodation cavity surface, and micropillars are optionally not installed on other three-dimensional accommodation cavity surfaces.

[0026] Furthermore, when forming a two-sided or multi-sided structure by two or more of the multimodal fluid property evaluation and perturbation devices, the fluid restriction structure is adapted.

[0027] As a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the properties of a fluid using the multimodal fluid property evaluation and perturbation system described in the second aspect of the present invention. The method includes: a step in which the multimodal fluid property evaluation and perturbation device emits a predetermined light beam using an optical signal emitting device; The method includes the step of detecting light rays after the action of a multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device using an optical signal detection device. Furthermore, the method further includes the step of generating a magnetic field of a predetermined direction and intensity using a magnetic field generator.

[0028] Furthermore, the method further includes an optical signal analysis step of obtaining fluid information by using an optical signal analyzer to compare and analyze reflected light rays before and after the fluid to be characterized passes through a multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device, and / or using an optical signal analyzer to compare and analyze reflected light rays before and after a magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field of a predetermined direction and intensity, wherein the fluid information includes the flow field shear force, flow field direction, flow velocity, viscous force, flow state, and the time-dependent dynamic changes in the spatial distribution of fluid information at a particular location. In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides applications of the multimortal fluid characterization and disturbance device described in the first aspect to microfluidics, microfluidics, microreactors, chemical engineering, and biofluidics. These applications include, but are not limited to, characterizing fluids in microfluidics and microfluidics systems via optical signals, monitoring and predicting the status of biological, chemical, and physical reactions in microreactors, and characterizing biofluids such as blood and integrating them into organ chips.

[0029] Unlike existing technologies, the above technical solution has the following advantages: (1) Multimodal properties: The present invention has multimodal properties and can comprehensively measure data such as fluid viscosity, density, type, and fluid direction, pressure, and shear force at a specific location, providing a comprehensive solution for monitoring and analyzing the state of fluids. (2) Intuitive and highly sensitive: The present invention converts fluid state parameters into an intuitively readable optically attenuated signal, facilitating real-time monitoring and data analysis, while simultaneously simplifying data processing and analysis processes. The deformation of the micropillar is converted into an optical signal and amplified at the same time, ensuring a good signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity. (3) Easy to manufacture and low cost: The manufacturing process of the present invention is simple and low cost, and it is possible to perform comprehensive characterization and disturbance of fluids without requiring complex equipment, which is advantageous for widespread application and industrialization. (4) Compact and portable: The present invention has the advantage of being small in volume, allowing for accurate characterization of different positions and layers within a fluid, making it suitable for various application scenarios. In particular, it can be easily integrated into microfluidics and microreactor systems, greatly expanding the range of applications. (5) Multifunctional disturbance operation: In addition to monitoring the state of the fluid, the present invention can also perform disturbance operations such as stirring and mixing on the fluid through a magnetic field and pressure sensing system, meeting the needs of different experiments and production processes. (6) Wide measurement range: By changing the hardness of the micropillars in real time and dynamically using a magnetic field, and by combining them with micropillars of different lengths and hardnesses, the present invention greatly expands the measurable range, making the monitoring of various fluid states more accurate and flexible. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0030] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the micropillars and the motion modes driven by the magnetic field in a multimodal fluid properties evaluation device. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of magnetic material and light-reflecting layer. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the fluorescent material and the light-reflecting layer. [Figure 4] This document includes the fabrication method, electron microscope characterization diagrams of devices with different interfaces, lengths, and aspect ratios, electron microscope characterization diagrams of metal coatings, and a schematic diagram of the calculation principle. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of different bases and micropillars. [Figure 6] This is a schematic diagram of a multimodal fluid properties evaluation system. [Figure 7] This is a schematic diagram of fluid direction measurement using micropillars at an elliptical interface. [Figure 8]This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of double-sided and multi-sided structures. [Figure 9] This is a schematic diagram of an integrated pressure sensor and fluid disturbance device. [Figure 10] This is a schematic diagram of the combination of limiting surfaces and multiple sensors. [Figure 11] This is a schematic diagram showing the placement of sensors at different locations. [Figure 12] This is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the flow field and system calibration using reflected light from a micropillar sensor. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0031] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments. In this invention, hardness is a core indicator describing the mechanical properties of a cell, referring to its ability to resist local deformation against external forces. This property manifests not only at a microscopic level (for example, flexibility or stiffness measured by indentations made by an atomic force microscope probe), but also fundamentally determines the macroscopic stability of the entire cell, that is, it is an expression of "rigidity" that maintains its own shape and resists overall bending and twisting.

[0032] Example 1 A type of multimodal fluid properties evaluation apparatus, system, and method This embodiment provides a type of multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device that reflects optical signals using a light-reflecting layer, a magnetic material, or a magnetic metal light-reflecting layer. The intensity of the reflected optical signal has a linear relationship with the deformation caused by the force exerted on the micropillar in the fluid within a certain interval, thereby enabling fluid characterization.

[0033] Refer to the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device 1 shown in Figure 1. A micropillar array is formed by a base 11 and a plurality of micropillars 12 installed on the base 11, thereby constituting the multimodal fluid property evaluation device 1, i.e., the micropillar chip. Each micropillar 12 consists of a bottom end 120 connected to the base 11, a side 121, a column 122 enclosed by the side, and a top end 123 far from the base 11 and opposite the bottom end 120. The top end 123 of the micropillar 12 has a light-reflecting coating (Figure 2). Alternatively, the side 121 of the micropillar 12 has a light-reflecting coating (Figure 2). Or, both the top end 123 and the side 121 of the micropillar 12 have a light-reflecting coating (Figure 2). The top 123 of the micropillar 12 has a coating of a magnetic metal (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel, etc.) (in other embodiments, this can be replaced with other magnetic materials, and the magnetic material may be placed on the side or inside the column of the micropillar, as long as the micropillar can generate a magnetic force under a magnetic field). The coating having the magnetic metal 131 can function as a light-reflecting layer 13. In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic metal light-reflecting layer 13 is installed on the top 123 of the micropillar 12 (Figure 2). Preferably, a fluorescent material can be placed at any location from the top of the micropillar to the base (Figure 3) to assist in imaging, help in system calibration, or improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0034] It should be noted that although the term "coating" is used in this embodiment, this merely indicates that the light-reflecting layer 13 in this embodiment can be manufactured by a coating process. This does not necessarily limit the manufacturing of the light-reflecting layer 13 to a coating process; the reflective layer may also be manufactured by a process such as sputtering.

[0035] A single multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance system consists of one multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device 1, an optical signal emitter 2, an optical signal detection device 3, and a magnetic field generator 4. Of these, the optical signal emitter 2 is used to emit a predetermined light ray, the optical signal detection device 3 is used to detect the light ray reflected from the optical reflection layer 13, and the magnetic field generator 4 is used to generate a magnetic field and create a magnetic effect with the magnetic metal. The light ray emitted by the optical signal emitter 2 passes through the incident optical path and irradiates the optical reflection layer 13, and the light ray reflected by the optical reflection layer 13 enters the optical signal detection device 3 via the reflected optical path (Figure 6).

[0036] When characterizing a fluid using the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance system described above, the specific operating steps are as follows: S1. The fluid to be measured (characterized) is passed through a multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device. S2, a predetermined ray is emitted using an optical signal emitter. S3. An optical signal detection device is used to detect the light rays after the action of the multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device. In this embodiment, "action" may refer only to the reflection action caused by a light-reflecting layer installed on either the top or side of the micropillar of the multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device for a given light ray, or it may refer to the reflection action caused by light-reflecting layers installed on both the top and side of the micropillar for a given light ray. Preferably, the magnetic metal light-reflecting layer installed on the top of the micropillar may also refer to the micropillar being tilted in one direction, deformed in the fluid, oscillating, or pulled by magnetic force under the magnetic force of a magnetic field of a specific direction and intensity generated by a magnetic field generator. Therefore, by using the system of this embodiment, it is possible to characterize the state of the fluid individually, disturb the flow individually, or characterize or disturb the fluid simultaneously or alternately.

[0037] It should be noted that the fluid being measured in this embodiment may be static or fluid.

[0038] Example 2 Method for fabricating a type of multimodal fluid properties evaluation device This embodiment provides a method for fabricating a type of multimodal fluid property evaluation device, which achieves the reflection of optical signals by coating the tops of micro-nanopillars with a metallic reflective layer.

[0039] S1, a single layer of photoresist is spin-coated onto the micro-nanopillar array. This step protects the sides of the micro-nanopillars and prevents metal deposition in subsequent processing steps.

[0040] S2. The tops of the micro-nanopillars are exposed using oxygen plasma etching technology. This step ensures that the metal coating is applied only to the tops of the micro-nanopillars and does not affect the sides.

[0041] Step S3 involves depositing a metal coating using an electron beam deposition system. This step forms a metallic reflective layer on the top of the exposed micro-nanopillars, enabling the reflection of optical signals. When a magnetic metal is used, a magnetic metal reflective layer can be formed on the top of the micro-nanopillars, achieving both optical signal reflection and a response to magnetic fields. The process can be repeated multiple times to deposit coatings of different metals or with different functions (Figure 4).

[0042] S4. The photoresist is removed. This step removes any remaining photoresist and ensures that the metal layer covers only the tops of the nanopillars. Then, the fabricated chip samples are characterized using a scanning electron microscope to confirm that the metal coating has been successfully applied (Figure 4).

[0043] Through the above fabrication process, we can obtain micropillar tips having a metal coating or magnetic metal top, which can be used to achieve reflection and detection of optical signals and response to magnetic fields.

[0044] Example 3 Method for converting the deformation of a micropillar and the applied force. This embodiment provides a method for converting deformation and the applied force, based on the deformation of the micropillar and Hooke's Law, and taking into account the effect of deformation at the bottom of the micropillar.

[0045] S1, calculate the ideal spring constant kbend for the micropillar: kbend=(3 / 64)*π*E*D4 / L3 Here, E is Young's modulus, D is the diameter of the micropillar, and L is the length of the micropillar.

[0046] Calculate S2 and the gradient coefficient Ttilt(ν): Ttilt(ν)=a*(1+ν) / (2*π)*{2*(1-ν)+(1-1 / (4*(1-ν)))} Here, ν is Poisson's ratio and a is the correction factor.

[0047] S3, Calculate the proportionality factor a: a=δbend / (δbend+δshear+δtilt) Here, δbend is the bending deformation of the micropillar, δshear is the shear deformation, and δtilt is the tilt deformation of the bottom of the micropillar.

[0048] S4, Calculate the corrected spring constant kcorr: kcorr=kbend*a S5, Calculate the force F acting on the micropillar: F = kcorr * δ Here, δ is the deformation of the micropillar.

[0049] S6, calculate the deformation δtilt at the top of the micropillar (Figure 4): δtilt=8*Ttilt(ν)*(L / D)2*(4 / π)*F / ED Using the calculation method described above, we can take into account the effect of deformation at the base of the micropillar and calculate the force acting on the micropillar more accurately. This method can be widely applied in fields such as microfluidics, microfluidics, microreactors, chemical engineering, and biofluidics, and provides an effective means of calculating the force acting on a micropillar.

[0050] Example 4 Multimodal fluid property evaluation and fluid viscosity measurement using a disturbance device This embodiment provides a type of multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device that reflects the changes in the deflection speed, return speed, and frequency of micropillars under magnetic field action in a fluid by observing changes in the optical reflection signal of micropillars, thereby enabling accurate measurement of fluid viscosity.

[0051] When measuring the viscosity characteristics of a fluid using the multimodal characterization and disturbance system described above, the specific operating steps are as follows: S1. Prepare a set of fluid samples with different viscosities, for example, water, glycerin, and olive oil.

[0052] S2. Install the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device in a stable experimental environment and connect it to the magnetic field generator, optical signal emitter, and optical signal detector.

[0053] S3. The fluid sample to be measured is passed through a multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device.

[0054] S4. A magnetic field is applied to micropillars in a flow field using a magnetic field generator, causing the micropillars to deflect. The time variation of the intensity of the light reflection signal of the micropillars reflects their deflection response speed in fluids of different viscosities. After the magnetic field is turned off, the time variation of the intensity of the light reflection signal of the micropillars reflects their recovery speed and frequency in fluids of different viscosities (Figure 1).

[0055] S5. The light beam emitted by the optical signal emitter is shone onto the light-reflecting layer at the top and / or side of the micropillar. Before and after this on / off process of the magnetic field, the light beam reflected from the light-reflecting layer at the top and / or side of the micropillar is detected using the optical signal detection device. The collected optical signal data is analyzed to extract features such as the deflection speed, return speed, and frequency information of the micropillar in fluids of different viscosities.

[0056] S6. Using the obtained data, a relationship diagram between viscosity, deflection speed, recovery speed, and frequency is created. Through these relationship diagrams, the viscosity of the unknown target fluid can be accurately evaluated.

[0057] This method has broad applications in fields such as microfluidics, microreactors, chemical engineering, and biofluidics, improving the accuracy and efficiency of fluid state monitoring.

[0058] Example 5 Multimodal fluid property evaluation and measurement of fluid states in different velocity ranges using a disturbance device. This embodiment provides a method for expanding the applicability of fluid state measurement through a micropillar array (Figure 5) of different lengths and hardnesses, utilizing a multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device.

[0059] When characterizing a fluid using the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance system described above, the specific operating steps are as follows: S1. Prepare a set of fluid samples with different viscosities and flow velocities.

[0060] S2. Design and fabricate a set of micropillar arrays with different lengths and hardnesses. The hardness of these micropillars can be adjusted by changing the material and crosslinking strength, thereby obtaining a set of micropillars with different hardnesses to meet the measurement needs for different fluid states.

[0061] S3. Install the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device in a stable experimental environment and connect it to the optical signal emitter and optical signal detector.

[0062] S4. Each fluid sample to be measured is passed through a multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device.

[0063] S5. Using the optical signal emitter, a predetermined ray is emitted and irradiated onto the light-reflecting layer at the top and / or side of the micropillar.

[0064] S6. Using an optical signal detection device, light rays reflected from the light-reflecting layers at the top and / or sides of the micropillars are detected. By analyzing the reflected light ray data, it is determined which micropillars are in a sensitive linear section, and the deformation is converted linearly into a light reflection signal.

[0065] S7. Based on the obtained data, a relationship diagram is created between the fluid velocity, the deformation of the micropillar, and the light reflection signal. Through these relationship diagrams, the state of the fluid being measured can be accurately evaluated.

[0066] This embodiment allows us to expand the scope of measurement applications.

[0067] Example 6 Measurement of fluid direction using micropillars with a specific cross-sectional shape This embodiment provides a method for accurately measuring the direction of a fluid by observing the attenuation of light using a micropillar array with an elliptical cross-section and different axial directions.

[0068] When characterizing a fluid using the multimodal characterization and disturbance systems described above, the specific operating steps are as follows: S1. Prepare a set of fluid samples.

[0069] S2. A set of micropillar arrays with elliptical cross-sections and different axial directions are designed and fabricated (Figure 7). These micropillars have different deformation characteristics in different axial directions, meeting the demand for fluid direction measurement.

[0070] S3. Install the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device in a stable experimental environment and connect it to the optical signal emitter and optical signal detector.

[0071] S4. Each fluid sample to be measured is passed through a multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device.

[0072] S5. Using an optical signal emitter, a predetermined light ray is emitted and irradiated onto the light-reflecting layer at the top and / or side of the elliptical cross-section micropillar.

[0073] S6. Using an optical signal detection device, light rays reflected from the apex and / or side light-reflecting layers of the elliptical cross-section micropillars are detected. By analyzing the reflected light ray data, the deformation and light reflection signals of the micropillars in different axial directions under different fluid directions are observed.

[0074] S7. The collected optical signal data is analyzed to extract features of deformation and optical reflection signals under different fluid directions for elliptical cross-section micropillars in different axial directions.

[0075] S8. Based on the obtained data, a diagram is created showing the relationship between the fluid direction, the deformation of the elliptical cross-section micropillar, and the light reflection signal. Through these diagrams, the direction of the fluid being measured can be accurately evaluated.

[0076] This embodiment allows us to accurately measure the direction of fluids and provide strong support for fluid dynamics research.

[0077] Example 7 Realizing three-dimensional analysis of the state of different layers of fluid using micropillars of different positions, lengths, and aspect ratios. This embodiment provides a method for performing three-dimensional analysis of a fluid within an optimal measurement range by arranging micropillars with different lengths and aspect ratios at different positions within a three-dimensional fluid space to achieve 3D profiling of the state of different layers of the fluid.

[0078] When characterizing a fluid using the multimodal characterization and disturbance systems described above, the specific operating steps are as follows: S1. Prepare a set of two different fluid samples.

[0079] S2. Design and fabricate a set of micropillars with different lengths and aspect ratios (Figure 8). These micropillars are positioned at different locations in a three-dimensional fluid space to meet the requirements for 3D profiling.

[0080] S3. Install the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device in a stable experimental environment and connect it to the optical signal emitter and optical signal detector.

[0081] S4. Each fluid sample to be measured is passed through a multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device.

[0082] S5. Using an optical signal emitter, a predetermined ray is emitted and irradiated onto the light-reflecting layers at the top and / or sides of micropillars of different lengths and aspect ratios.

[0083] S6. Using an optical signal detection device, light rays reflected from the apical and / or lateral light-reflecting layers of micropillars of different lengths and aspect ratios are detected.

[0084] S7. The collected optical signal data is analyzed to extract information on the deformation of micropillars at different locations under fluid action and the optical reflection signals.

[0085] S8. Based on the obtained data, the states of different layers of the fluid are plotted and mapped into three-dimensional space. Through these 3D profiling diagrams, the flow field state of the fluid being measured in three-dimensional space can be accurately evaluated.

[0086] This embodiment allows us to accurately achieve 3D profiling of the different layers of a fluid, providing strong support for fluid dynamics research.

[0087] Example 8 Fluid pressure monitoring by characterizing base deformation using light reflection signals. This embodiment provides a method for calculating the deformation status of the base and the pressure at a given point by utilizing the deformation capability of the base and monitoring the attenuation of optical signals at different locations.

[0088] When characterizing a fluid using the multimodal characterization and disturbance systems described above, the specific operating steps are as follows: S1, Prepare a set of fluids at different pressures.

[0089] S2. Design and fabricate a base made of a flexible material. An empty groove is provided at the bottom of the base to allow the base to deform more freely into a curved shape when subjected to fluid pressure, and a micropillar with a light-reflecting layer is placed at the top of the base (Figure 9).

[0090] S3. Install the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device in a stable experimental environment and connect it to the optical signal emitter, optical signal detector, and magnetic field generator.

[0091] S4. The fluids to be measured are passed through a multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device one by one.

[0092] S5. Using an optical signal emitter, a predetermined ray is emitted and irradiated onto the light-reflecting layer at the top and / or side of the micropillar on the base, which has been deformed by the fluid pressure action.

[0093] S6. Using an optical signal detection device, light rays reflected from the light-reflecting layers at the top and / or sides of micropillars placed on a base deformed by the fluid pressure are detected. By analyzing the reflected light ray data, the deformation of the base and the light reflection signals under different fluid pressures are observed.

[0094] S7. The collected optical signal data is analyzed to extract the correspondence between the deformation state of the base under different fluid pressures and the optical reflection signal information.

[0095] S8. Based on the obtained data, the deformation of the base and the pressure at that point are calculated in reverse.

[0096] This embodiment enables us to accurately monitor fluid pressure and provides strong support for fluid dynamics research.

[0097] Example 9 Characterization of fluid parameters using multimodal fluid property evaluation devices positioned at different locations. This embodiment aims to provide a method for measuring the pressure difference between two points in a fluid of different pipe diameters using multiple multimodal fluid property evaluation systems, and for calculating characteristics such as flow velocity and pressure in the center of the pipe based on known pipe diameters, distance between the two points, and fluid viscosity.

[0098] S1, by configuring a limiting surface and changing the pipe diameter at different locations, multiple multimodal fluid property evaluation systems are configured so that they can measure the pressure difference between two points of fluid with different pipe diameters (Figure 10).

[0099] Collect known conditions including S2, pipe diameter (D), and distance between two points (L). Measure the viscosity (μ) of the liquid using a multimodal fluid characterization system, referring to the method of Example 4.

[0100] S3. A multimodal fluid property evaluation system is used to measure the pressure difference (ΔP) between two points in a fluid with a different pipe diameter.

[0101] S4. Calculate the flow velocity (Vmax) at the center of the pipe based on known conditions. Apply the Hagen-Poiseuille equation: Vmax = (R²ΔP) / (4μL), where R is the radius of the pipe, and obtain the flow velocity at the center of the pipe.

[0102] S5. Next, we calculate the flow rate (Q) of the pipe. The flow rate Q is obtained by integrating the flow velocity (V) over the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe. In the case of laminar flow, the flow velocity is distributed parabolicly along the radial direction. The flow rate for laminar flow can be calculated using the following equation: Q = (πR₄ΔP) / (8μL).

[0103] This embodiment provides a method for measuring the pressure difference between two points in a fluid of different pipe diameters based on a multimodal fluid property evaluation system, calculating the flow velocity and pressure in the center of the pipe based on the known pipe diameter, the distance between the two points, and the viscosity of the liquid, and further calculating the flow rate. This method allows for easy analysis of the pressure, flow velocity, and flow rate distribution of fluids of different pipe diameters.

[0104] Example 10 Realization of fluid disturbances using micropillar motion through base deformation and magnetic field control. This embodiment provides a method for achieving fluid disturbance, such as mixing and stirring, by utilizing the deformation of a base by a mechanical device or the control of the motion of micropillars by a magnetic field.

[0105] When performing fluid characterization and real-time disturbance simultaneously or alternately using the multimodal characterization and disturbance system described above, the specific operating steps are as follows: S1. Prepare a set of fluid samples to be mixed and stirred, for example, liquid A and liquid B.

[0106] S2. Design and fabricate a multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance system having a micropillar structure, including a magnetic field generator and mechanical equipment.

[0107] S3. Mix fluid samples A and B to be measured and pass them through a multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device.

[0108] In S4, the mechanical device is operated to cause deformation of the base (Figure 9). The deformation of the base creates disturbance in the fluid, which in turn causes the fluid to be mixed and stirred.

[0109] S5. Simultaneously or alternately, the magnetic field generators are operated to generate a magnetic field of a predetermined direction and intensity. The magnetic field acts on the micropillars, causing them to move. The movement of the micropillars further enhances the fluid disturbance and promotes the mixing and stirring of the fluid.

[0110] S6 monitors the fluid state in real time via an optical signal detection device and analyzes the effect of fluid mixing and stirring based on reflected light data from micropillars at different locations.

[0111] This embodiment allows us to achieve effective disturbance of fluids, such as mixing and stirring. Simultaneously or alternately, the characterization of the fluid state can also be performed. This method has a wide range of applications in fields such as microfluidics, microreactors, chemical engineering, and biofluidics, improving the effectiveness and efficiency of fluid mixing and stirring.

[0112] Example 11 Measurement of fluid density through micropillar deformation caused by a magnetic field. This embodiment provides a fluid density measurement method, the core of which lies in inducing deformation of micropillars by a magnetic field, thereby causing attenuation of the optical signal. Under the same magnetic field intensity, in a denser fluid, the deformation of the micropillars decreases due to the buoyant force acting on the center of gravity, and consequently, the attenuation of the optical signal also decreases. This allows for the calculation of the fluid density.

[0113] When characterizing a fluid using the multimodal characterization and disturbance systems described above, the specific operating steps are as follows: S1. Prepare a set of fluid samples with different densities to be measured.

[0114] S2. Design and fabricate a multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance system having a micropillar structure, including a magnetic field generator.

[0115] S3. Each fluid sample to be measured is passed through a multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device.

[0116] S4. The same magnetic field strength is applied to each fluid sample being measured, and the deformation of the micropillar under the magnetic field is observed.

[0117] S5. The attenuation of the optical signal due to the deformation of the micropillar in each fluid sample being measured is monitored in real time via an optical signal detection device.

[0118] S6. Analyze and compare the optical signal attenuation data for each fluid sample being measured. Based on the attenuation data, confirm that in denser fluids, the micropillars deform less under magnetic field conditions, resulting in less optical signal attenuation.

[0119] S7. The density of the fluid sample being measured is calculated by comparing the attenuation data of the optical signals and using a data analysis device.

[0120] This method has broad applications in fields such as microfluidics, microreactors, chemical engineering, and biofluidics, providing a simple and highly efficient means of measuring fluid density.

[0121] Example 12 A micropillar array for measuring the state of a fluid or gas, and a technical method for dynamically adjusting the measurement range. This embodiment provides a method for measuring the state of a fluid or gas, primarily using micropillar technology to measure the fluid's state (flow velocity, direction, and viscosity). The measurement range can be dynamically expanded as needed.

[0122] When characterizing a fluid using the multimodal characterization and disturbance systems described above, the specific operating steps are as follows: S1, a magnetic metal reflective layer is applied to the top of the PDMS micropillar, and at the same time, an anti-reflective layer is applied between and on the sides of the micropillar.

[0123] S2. A micropillar tip is laid at the bottom of the microfluidic pipe.

[0124] S3. Fluids with different flow velocities are injected into the inlet of the microchannel. A laser beam or visible light is shone onto the chip from below the apparatus, and at the same time, the light reflection signal generated at the top of the micropillar is measured below the apparatus. The faster the flow velocity, the greater the curvature of the micropillar, and the weaker the light reflection signal. Experiments have shown that there is a linear relationship between flow velocity and light reflection signal, so the fluid state can be calculated from the strength of the light reflection signal caused by the deformation of the micropillar.

[0125] S4, If the flow velocity is too high and exceeds the linear measurement interval, the magnetic field applies an upward tensile force to the micropillar, which is equivalent to increasing the stiffness of the micropillar and thereby extending the measurement interval.

[0126] This method has broad applications in fields such as microfluidics, microreactors, chemical engineering, and biofluidics, providing a simple and highly efficient means of characterizing and measuring fluids.

[0127] Example 13 A method for simulating the vascular environment using microfluidics and micropillar tips. This embodiment provides a method for simulating the vascular environment by combining microfluidics and micropillar tips, and is used to study intercellular interactions and their impact on the fluid state.

[0128] S1, Micropillar tips are installed at the bottom of the inlet and outlet of the microfluidic pipe to monitor the condition of the fluid entering and leaving the pipe. The top of the micropillar has a metallic reflective coating, and an anti-reflective coating is provided on the sides of the micropillar and between the micropillar and the micropillar itself. The fluid velocity is calculated from the strength of the light reflection signal.

[0129] S2, a commercially available micropillar cell mechanics chip is laid at the bottom of the microfluidic pipe, and the magnitude of the cell force can be characterized by the deformation of the micropillar.

[0130] S3, vascular endothelial cells are injected into a microfluidic pipe and grown until they completely cover the mechanical tip.

[0131] S4. Add immune cells or tumor cells to a microfluidic pipe and allow the immune cells or tumor cells to interact with endothelial cells on the tip. Observe the changes in endothelial cell dynamics.

[0132] Example 14 A method for simulating the vascular environment using microfluidics and micropillar tips. This embodiment provides a method for simulating the vascular environment by combining microfluidics and micropillar tips, and is used to study intercellular interactions and their impact on the fluid state.

[0133] S1, Micropillar tips are installed at the bottom of the inlet and outlet of the microfluidic pipe to monitor the condition of the fluid entering and leaving the pipe. The top of the micropillar has a metallic reflective coating, and an anti-reflective coating is provided on the sides of the micropillar and between the micropillar and the micropillar itself. The fluid velocity is calculated from the strength of the light reflection signal.

[0134] S2, a commercially available micropillar cell mechanics chip is laid at the bottom of the microfluidic pipe, and the magnitude of the cell force can be characterized by the deformation of the micropillar.

[0135] S3, vascular endothelial cells are injected into a microfluidic pipe and grown until they completely cover the mechanical tip.

[0136] S4. Add immune cells or tumor cells to a microfluidic pipe and allow the immune cells or tumor cells to interact with endothelial cells on the tip. Observe the changes in endothelial cell dynamics.

[0137] Example 15 Measurement of fluid velocity distribution and flow rate inside a pipe using a multimodal fluid properties evaluation system. This embodiment aims to provide a method for measuring the fluid velocity distribution and flow rate in a pipe using a multimodal fluid properties evaluation system.

[0138] S1, a multimodal fluid properties evaluation system is placed on the pipe wall and inside the pipe, and known conditions, including the pipe diameter (D), are collected. The viscosity of the liquid (μ) and the shear force (τ) at the pipe location are measured (Figure 11).

[0139] S2 determines the radial position (r) inside the pipe. Here, 0 ≤ r ≤ R, where R is the radius of the pipe.

[0140] S3. Applying the Newtonian fluid model, the shear force τ is proportional to the velocity gradient (dv / dr): τ = μ(dv / dr).

[0141] S4, the velocity gradient (dv / dr) is expressed in terms of shear force τ and viscosity μ: dv / dr = τ / μ.

[0142] In S5, we integrate the velocity gradient (dv / dr) to obtain the equation for the velocity distribution. That is, V(r) = (τ / μ)*(Rr) + C, where C is the integration constant.

[0143] In S6, at the center of the pipe (r=0), the flow velocity is maximum and is denoted as $V_{max}$. Substituting this into the velocity distribution equation and solving for the constant C, we get $V_{max} = (τ / μ) * R + C$, and the solution is $C = V_{max} - (τ / μ) * R$.

[0144] Substitute the constant C into the velocity distribution equation in S7 to obtain the final velocity distribution equation: V(r)=(τ / μ)*(Rr)+Vmax-(τ / μ)*R.

[0145] S8. Based on the velocity distribution formula, the velocity values ​​at different radial positions (r) are calculated, thereby obtaining the velocity distribution within the pipe.

[0146] S9. Using the velocity distribution formula and combining it with the pipe's cross-sectional area (A=πR2), we calculate the fluid flow rate (Q) inside the pipe. Q=∫0RV(r)*2πrdr=2π∫0R[(τ / μ)*(Rr)+Vmax-(τ / μ)*R]*rdr.

[0147] This embodiment provides a method for measuring the fluid velocity distribution and flow rate in a pipe using a multimodal fluid property evaluation system. This method allows for easy analysis of the velocity distribution at different radial locations within the pipe, helping to understand the fluid's flow characteristics within the pipe. Furthermore, this method can also calculate the total fluid flow rate in the pipe.

[0148] Example 16 Measurement of the flow field and calibration of the flow velocity using reflected light from a micropillar sensor. This embodiment aims to accurately calculate the state of a fluid by measuring the flow field using reflected light from a micropillar sensor and utilizing flow velocity calibration.

[0149] S1, the PDMS micropillars have a metallic reflective coating on the top and an anti-reflective coating between and on the sides of the micropillars.

[0150] S2. This micropillar tip is laid at the bottom of the microfluidic pipe (Figure 12).

[0151] In S3, fluids of different flow velocities are injected into the inlet of the microchannel, and laser or visible light is shone onto the chip from below the device. Simultaneously, the light reflection signal generated at the top of the micropillar below the device is measured. The faster the flow velocity, the greater the curvature of the micropillar, and the weaker the light reflection signal. Experiments have shown that within a certain deformation range, the flow velocity and the light reflection signal have a linear relationship. Therefore, the fluid state can be calculated from the strength of the light reflection signal caused by the deformation of the micropillar.

[0152] This embodiment provides a method for measuring the flow field and calibrating the flow velocity using reflected light from a micropillar sensor. Within a certain deformation range, there is a linear relationship between deformation and the attenuation of the reflected light signal, and the fluid state can be calculated from the strength of the reflected light signal caused by the deformation of the micropillar.

[0153] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are solely for the purpose of illustrating, and not limiting, the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or that some or all of the technical features therein can be replaced by equivalent substitutions. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device, Base and, The system includes a micropillar array installed on the base, the micropillar array being composed of one or more micropillars, and the micropillars being able to deform under the action of a fluid and / or magnetic force. The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance apparatus is characterized in that the micropillar includes a bottom end connected to the base, a side, and a top end far from the base and facing the bottom end, and a light-reflecting layer is installed on the micropillar, and the light-reflecting layer is positioned at least one of the top end, side, and interior of the micropillar.

2. The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that an anti-reflective layer is installed on the side surface and / or base surface of the micropillar.

3. The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the light-reflecting layer is selected from at least one of a metal, a metal oxide, a metal salt, ultrafine glass beads, a microprism, and an organic light-reflecting material.

4. The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a magnetic material is disposed at at least one position among the top, side and / or inside of the micropillar, and preferably a magnetic metallic light reflective layer is disposed at the top of the micropillar.

5. The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of flow field limiting structures installed on the base, wherein the flow field limiting structures include one or more limiting surfaces, the limiting surfaces being perpendicular to the plane on which the base is located, and being connected to the base or integrally molded with the base, a planar or curved surface.

6. The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the base and / or micropillar are made of a conductive material.

7. A fluorescent substance is installed in the extension from the top to the bottom of the micropillar. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the micropillar includes a circular, elliptical, or polygonal shape, as described in claim 1, for the multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device.

8. A multimodal fluid properties evaluation and disturbance properties evaluation system, A multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, A light signal emitting device for emitting a predetermined ray, An optical signal detection device for detecting light rays reflected from a light reflection layer, Includes a magnetic field generating device for generating a magnetic field, A multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance property evaluation system characterized in that the light rays emitted by the optical signal emitter are irradiated onto the optical reflection layer via the incident optical path, and the light rays reflected by the optical reflection layer enter the optical signal detection device via the reflected optical path.

9. The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance system according to claim 8, further comprising an optical signal analyzer for analyzing optical signals.

10. The system further includes a data processing device for performing calculations on optical signals to obtain results of the flow field state, and / or, The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance system according to claim 9, characterized in that it directly obtains the results of the flow field state from the optical signal analyzed by an optical signal analyzer.

11. The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance system according to claim 10, wherein the data processing device evaluates the chemical, physical, and biological states within the system based on the flow field state and provides predictive reaction information.

12. The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance property evaluation system according to claim 8, further comprising a pressure sensing device used for measuring pressure information and / or applying appropriate pressure to a fluid.

13. The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance system according to claim 8, characterized in that the optical signal emitting device has a light source, the light source includes a first light source installed at the bottom of the base and / or a second light source installed on the side of the base, and the light rays emitted by the first light source and / or the second light source reach the micropillar.

14. The multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance system according to claim 8, further comprising a motion or deformation device for applying mechanical forces to cause motion and / or deformation in the multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance system.

15. A double-sided or multi-sided structure is formed by two or more multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance devices, where the outside of the double-sided or multi-sided structure is a base, and the inside surrounds and forms a three-dimensional fluid containment cavity. The multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance system according to claim 8, wherein the base of each multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device forms a three-dimensional accommodating cavity surface, and when forming the three-dimensional accommodating cavity, at least one of the three-dimensional accommodating cavity surfaces is connected to a micropillar.

16. The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance system according to claim 15, characterized in that when a double-sided or multi-sided structure is constructed using two multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance property evaluation devices, the fluid limiting structures are compatible with each other.

17. A method for characterizing a fluid and detecting disturbances using a multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance system according to any one of claims 8 to 16, The multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device emits a predetermined ray using an optical signal emitter, A method characterized by comprising the steps of detecting light rays after the action of a multimodal fluid property evaluation and disturbance device using an optical signal detection device.

18. The method according to 17, further comprising the step of generating a magnetic field of a predetermined direction and intensity using a magnetic field generating device.

19. The method according to 18, further comprising the optical signal analysis step of using an optical signal analyzer to compare and analyze reflected light rays before and after a fluid to be characterized passes through a multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device, and / or using an optical signal analyzer to compare and analyze reflected light rays before and after a magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field of a predetermined direction and intensity, wherein the fluid information includes the flow field shear force, flow field direction, flow velocity, viscous force, flow state, and the dynamic change over time of the spatial distribution of fluid information at a particular location.

20. Multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device according to any one of claims 8 to 16. Applications of the multimodal fluid characterization and disturbance device in microfluidics, microfluidics, microreactors, chemical engineering and biofluidics.

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